Speaker 1: Alz media.
Speaker 2: For decades, people in northern Nigeria have been suffering the
Speaker 2: violence of Jihadis. Groups in the region more recently fallen
Speaker 2: the lobby in of some questionable interest groups and figures.
Speaker 2: In the United States, President Donald Trump has dropped American
Speaker 2: bombs on Nigeria and soil. What exactly is happening in Nigeria? Hello,
Speaker 2: and welcomed it could happen here. I'm Andrew's age Andrew
Speaker 2: Zoon YouTube and I'm joined again by James.
Speaker 1: I'm glad we're doing this.
Speaker 2: One yes to talk about what's been happening in Nigeria
Speaker 2: since it has captured Trump's attention and thus Western media
Speaker 2: interest as of late. So, first of all, what away
Speaker 2: is Nigeria? According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, Nigeria's West African
Speaker 2: country with a diverse geography and an even more diverse population,
Speaker 2: hundreds of languages, one hundreds of ethnic groups, several religions
Speaker 2: in the most populous country in Africa and one of
Speaker 2: the most populous countries in the world. Over two hundred
Speaker 2: and thirty nine million people called Nigeria home, and the
Speaker 2: Nigerian aspora is well over ten million strong. Like much
Speaker 2: of Africa, Nigeria is rich in natural resources, particularly petroleum
Speaker 2: natural gas, but heavily exploited by international and local capital.
Speaker 2: Thus much of its population. By some estimates, over half
Speaker 2: of its population is considered multi dimensionally poor. Modern Nigeria
Speaker 2: will stitch together from the British protectorates of Northern and
Speaker 2: Southern Nigeria and again its political independence only recently in
Speaker 2: nineteen sixty and become a republic in nineteen sixty three.
Speaker 2: That North South divide is particularly relevant because it continues
Speaker 2: to define Nigerian politics today. Nigeria split almost evenly between
Speaker 2: its Christian population, which dominates the South, and its Muslim population,
Speaker 2: which dominates the North. Alongside ethnic, linguistic and other political divisions,
Speaker 2: corruption and all the other backage of a typical Neo
Speaker 2: colony has made Nigerian politics quite the powderkeg of some time.
Speaker 2: They have been tragic and deadly episodes of political and
Speaker 2: religious violence throughout Nigeria's history, going in both directions, including
Speaker 2: the nineteen eighty seven crisis in Karduna State, and the
Speaker 2: early two thousands had several notorious riots and massacres as well,
Speaker 2: including the Yelowa massacre and the Josh riots, linking the
Speaker 2: show notes for the details on those. Since two thousand nine, however,
Speaker 2: militant Islamist group Bokoharam has engaged in a protracted insudency
Speaker 2: against Nigerian government and terrorized the Christian and Muslim population
Speaker 2: through bombings, assassinations and abductions with the overall intent of
Speaker 2: establishing an Islamic breakaway state in North Nigeria. For the
Speaker 2: past few months, there has been a considered effort to
Speaker 2: paint a narrative of Christian genocide in Nigeria, a narrative
Speaker 2: that has long been co signed by the likes of
Speaker 2: Donald Trump. So back in twenty eighteen, Trump had actually
Speaker 2: called out the killing of Christians in Nigeria, yet stop
Speaker 2: short of calling to genocide. But according to an article
Speaker 2: by Ayula Babbolula on the myth of Christian genocide, it
Speaker 2: was not long after Nigeria and Vice President Kashim Shatima's
Speaker 2: September twenty twenty five remarks at the eightieth session of
Speaker 2: the UN General Assembly, where he reasserted Nigeria's long standing
Speaker 2: saudiarity with Palestine, that the Western, largely pro Israel far
Speaker 2: right began the campaign of claiming Christian genocide in Nigeria.
Speaker 2: In his address, Shatima did mention the problem with Anigeria
Speaker 2: has happened with extremism, but these commentators are run with
Speaker 2: a much more specific narrative. The same people who deny
Speaker 2: the past Ddian genocide and prop up the mythical white
Speaker 2: genocide in South Africa have gone on to push this
Speaker 2: Christian genocide story. Bill Meyer, the guy who still can't
Speaker 2: prove the claims he made about October seventh, has gone
Speaker 2: on to tell people that what's happening in Nigeria is,
Speaker 2: to paraphrasee so much more of a genocide than what's
Speaker 2: happening in Khaza end code. In late October and lead
Speaker 2: November twent twenty five, Trump tweeted that Christianity is facing
Speaker 2: an existential threat in Nigeria, name Nigeria as a country
Speaker 2: of particular concern and announced to the United States was ready,
Speaker 2: willing and able to save our great Christian population around
Speaker 2: the world. And for some reason, Nicki Minaj is out
Speaker 2: there back in Trump's Christian persecution narrative as well. Perfect
Speaker 2: why are you in it?
Speaker 1: Yeah? Just to be clear for anyone, wh's not the
Speaker 1: way Nicki minij not a person from Nigeria or with
Speaker 1: any particular insight into the situation there.
Speaker 2: She's also not Trier Nadia, and I just want to
Speaker 2: clear that up. Yes, her certificate is from the Republic
Speaker 2: a Trinans vehicle, but we do not claim since her
Speaker 2: statements about how COVID and and the vaccine and her
Speaker 2: cousin's balls like, from that moment onward, people who have
Speaker 2: been like distancing themselves from her entry and at anyway
Speaker 2: I can see why. So in November twenty five, according
Speaker 2: to a bb report, Trump also said that he would
Speaker 2: send troops into Nigeria guns are blazing if its government
Speaker 2: continues to allow the killing of Christians. Then in December
Speaker 2: twenty five, according to another BBC report, the US has
Speaker 2: launched strikes on the twenty fifth of December as a
Speaker 2: Christmas present against Montans in the Islamic State Group in
Speaker 2: northwestern Nigeria. What should be noted though, is they did
Speaker 2: not strike Bokoharam, which is based in northeast Nigeria.
Speaker 1: Yeah, it was really interesting to look at the bill
Speaker 1: that I wrote about this bit for my newsletter. But
Speaker 1: the US was flying intelligence gathering flights essentially for some
Speaker 1: time of a Nigeria right clearly like they must have
Speaker 1: it's some kind of agreement with the Nigerian government to
Speaker 1: allow this right. But they were clearly trying to identify
Speaker 1: where it's wap and Bachaharam were and like you could
Speaker 1: see them winding up to this strike. The oh I
Speaker 1: guess they waited to Christmas Day to go for it.
Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, so there was the most present of the
Speaker 2: US woman there. Yeah, and this happened less than a
Speaker 2: week by the way, after the Alliance of Sahel States
Speaker 2: that being Bikina, Faso, Niger and Mali commissioned a joint
Speaker 2: military force of five thousand counter terrorists. And that move
Speaker 2: was following the Economic Community of West African States or
Speaker 2: equa's plan to launch a two hundred and sixty one
Speaker 2: thousand member counter terrorism force. So there's a lot of
Speaker 2: military action happened in West Africa right now, coming from
Speaker 2: the inside and the outside. In a January twenty twenty
Speaker 2: six report, Trump claimed quote, I'd love to make it
Speaker 2: a one time strike, but if they continue to kill Christians,
Speaker 2: it will be a many times strike. End Coode. Trump
Speaker 2: has also accused the Nigerian government as I said of
Speaker 2: repeatedly failing to protect Christians. So Trump is a known
Speaker 2: liar to take everything he says with a grain of salt,
Speaker 2: as is the rest of his administration generally really characterist
Speaker 2: politicians and pundits. So let me break down what is
Speaker 2: actually happening in Nigeria. The Nigerian government has said that Muslims,
Speaker 2: Christians and those of no faith alike are targeted. According
Speaker 2: to Ayula Aawaalula, the government of Nigeria is indeed failing
Speaker 2: to adequately address the devastation being rught against communities in Nigeria.
Speaker 2: But critically, it is not religious nature, or rather religion
Speaker 2: is only a part of the picture. It can't be
Speaker 2: used to explain the whole story on the ground. So
Speaker 2: there are several groups where you can have in northern Nigeria.
Speaker 2: You have a few different Islamic state affiliated groups, yeah
Speaker 2: Fokoharam which is the main one. And you also have
Speaker 2: the conflict between the Fulani herdsmen who are mostly Muslim
Speaker 2: and various farming groups who may be Christian or Muslim.
Speaker 2: So whether hoodsmen are considered that kind of conflict has
Speaker 2: actually been taking place between the hooders and the settled
Speaker 2: people for literal centuries. The only difference is that now
Speaker 2: you have them carrying AK forty sevens in serves just
Speaker 2: sticks and machetes. Yeah, how they got those AK forty
Speaker 2: sevens is really thanks to the history of the West's
Speaker 2: intervention in Africa, but we'll get to that in a moment. Critically, though,
Speaker 2: if you step outside of the religious freeman, you would
Speaker 2: see a criminal, economic, and political motivation behind these actions.
Speaker 2: They may be going after land, or want to extract ransom,
Speaker 2: or pursue a particular political goal. The Muslims in North
Speaker 2: Nigeria are not safe just because they're Muslim. Bokoharam's victims
Speaker 2: are mostly Muslim because Bokharam's target is anyone who stands
Speaker 2: between them and their political aims. Everyone who isn't Pokoharam
Speaker 2: or aligned with Islamic state West African Province is considered
Speaker 2: an enemy. One article on Trump's beef with Nigeria by
Speaker 2: Yusuf Bangura talks about six types of violence in the country.
Speaker 2: We have the Bokoharam is Limits inspired violence in the Northeast,
Speaker 2: whose means terms of Muslims who reject the groups is
Speaker 2: themist ideology. They have the banditry in the Northwest which
Speaker 2: affects Muslims and Christians, and equal measure, they have the
Speaker 2: herd of farmer conflict in the Middle Belt which affects
Speaker 2: Christians and Muslims, or the reports indicated Christians are the
Speaker 2: main victims of that violence. You have the herder farmer
Speaker 2: violence in the Northwest, which is distinct from the hood
Speaker 2: of farmer violence in the Middle Belt. So the one
Speaker 2: in the northwest has full Lani hooders reports they pitched
Speaker 2: against Hauser farmers and both groups are Muslim. You have
Speaker 2: the violence inflicted by the indigenous people of Biafra and
Speaker 2: bandits in the east against their own people, Ebos, who
Speaker 2: are Christian. And you also have general panditry in large
Speaker 2: parts of the country which has rendered traveling by roads
Speaker 2: between cities very risky. So there's been a lot of
Speaker 2: Western attention drawn suggest some of the victims the churches,
Speaker 2: the church leaders, and the Christian communities, even though mosques
Speaker 2: and imams and Muslim communities and animists have also been devastated,
Speaker 2: to turn their multifaceted violence into a narrative of targeted
Speaker 2: anti Christian violence, seemingly at least from the Trump and
Speaker 2: Zionist camp for the purpose of demonizing Muslims, and I
Speaker 2: guess in some convoluted way weaken in global support for
Speaker 2: Palestinians because Partians are also Muslims, so they're all the same.
Speaker 2: I don't know, that's just speculation on my part. Even
Speaker 2: Christian leaders in Nigeria have been calling out this framant,
Speaker 2: though Archbishop Matthew man OsO Ndagoso was quoted extensively in
Speaker 2: an article for Aid to the Chase and Need, which
Speaker 2: is an international Catholic organization. Rather than pinning the blame
Speaker 2: on Islam, he said, in the Northwest, the farmers are
Speaker 2: mostly Muslims and they also have conflicts with the Fulani.
Speaker 2: As moved the Middle Belt, it is enhancing most by Christians,
Speaker 2: so there will most likely be a Christian farm. Religion
Speaker 2: and ethnicity have very sensitive problems in Nigeria. They're always
Speaker 2: used for convenience, but primarily this conflict is not religious.
Speaker 2: I am absolutely sure. If you apply for a job
Speaker 2: and you don't get it, you might say you were
Speaker 2: rejective because you are a Christian, and the same for Muslims.
Speaker 2: Opportunists such as politicians use these factors to their own advantage,
Speaker 2: but if you go to the route, you discover is
Speaker 2: little or nothing to his religion end.
Speaker 1: Quote sex and analysis from the church. I'm surprised going
Speaker 1: from that source that I'm glad it did you know?
Speaker 2: Yeah, Catholic change of all places.
Speaker 1: Yeah.
Speaker 2: So he even claims that the kidnappings of priests have
Speaker 2: little to do with religion. And I'll quote him again,
Speaker 2: in the last three years, seven of my priests have
Speaker 2: been kidnapped, two have been killed, and one has been
Speaker 2: in captivity for three years and two months. Four released
Speaker 2: in fifty of my parishes. Priests cannot stay in directories
Speaker 2: because they are targets. They are seen as an easy
Speaker 2: source of money for a ransom. So he's emphasizing there
Speaker 2: that it's really about the money that the churches perceived
Speaker 2: to be able to provide to these caidnappers, more so
Speaker 2: than any religious targeting in particular. Of course, that is
Speaker 2: only one archbishop's perspective on the situation. I think Bablo
Speaker 2: makes an important point in his article on the myth
Speaker 2: that I would like to quote as well. Crucially, Christians
Speaker 2: at times become the chosen targets in particular assaults. Churches
Speaker 2: have been attacked during worship pre subducted, and entire Christian
Speaker 2: villages raised in Plateau, Venu and southern Karduna. These episodes
Speaker 2: are not separate from the general crisis, but are rather
Speaker 2: moments when Christian identity is weaponized to mark a community
Speaker 2: for terror. In this sense, Christians bear both the general
Speaker 2: weight of insecurity is shared by all Nigerians and the
Speaker 2: sharper trauma of faith based targeting in sytant attacks. But
Speaker 2: Babla doesn't forget that these groups terror as a severe
Speaker 2: impact on the Muslims as well. The fact he makes
Speaker 2: an important comparison I wanted to highlight, which is that
Speaker 2: in areas ravaged by armed groups, the first victims tend
Speaker 2: to be those who have religious or ethnic groups in
Speaker 2: common with the militants, killed because they are seen as
Speaker 2: infidels or not noble enough or not committed enough to
Speaker 2: the idea of that movement. If you look at the
Speaker 2: history of Zionism, it's released. For example, before they found
Speaker 2: in of the state of Israel, there were bombings of
Speaker 2: several Jewish heritage sites across the Middle East, and records
Speaker 2: have later showed that they were carried out by terroristic
Speaker 2: Jewish gangs who sort to instill a fair in Jewish
Speaker 2: communities across the region, to so discord between the Jewish
Speaker 2: communities and their neighbors for the purpose of forcing them
Speaker 2: to abandon these released on states and relocate to Israel
Speaker 2: to further Israel's economic and geopolitical codes. Yeah, so it's
Speaker 2: not unheard of for a group to target its own
Speaker 2: correligionists for its geopolitical economic combusshures.
Speaker 1: Yeah. If we talk about specifically the Islamic state in
Speaker 1: Iraq and Syria, right, isis as opposed to the Islamic
Speaker 1: State in West Africa, like get killed more Muslims than
Speaker 1: anyone else, right, Exactly, those were the bulk of the
Speaker 1: people it murdered.
Speaker 2: We could even look at a very old historical example,
Speaker 2: the Latin Crusade. We had all these Christians from Europe
Speaker 2: going on a crusade, and because they didn't get paid,
Speaker 2: they decided to ransack their core religionis in Greece and
Speaker 2: you know, in the wider Businestee Empire and eventually you know,
Speaker 2: deconstruct business empire entirely and establish their own Latin Empire.
Speaker 1: Yeah.
Speaker 2: So I didn't want to gloss over the real challenges
Speaker 2: that Christians specifically are facing in North Nigeria, though since
Speaker 2: nineteen ninety nine, sharial law has been introduced and enforced
Speaker 2: in twelve northern states, and according to the same archbishops
Speaker 2: that I quoted earlier, this has ensured the religious persecution
Speaker 2: in the North is systemic. He said, and I quote,
Speaker 2: I cannot build a church. Even if you buy a land,
Speaker 2: you cannot get a permission of occupancy, and therefore you
Speaker 2: cannot build. In many of these states, you don't allow
Speaker 2: the teaching of Christianity. Get the government employees and pays
Speaker 2: emams to teach in schools every year. They have money
Speaker 2: to build mosques in the budget, but they will not
Speaker 2: let you build churches. If I stay, there's a university
Speaker 2: and across the street there are five mosques, no church.
Speaker 2: Who wanted to build one, they didn't allow it. If
Speaker 2: you build the church with a permission, the government can
Speaker 2: tear it down. And this is what we are going through.
Speaker 2: It is serious. We want our government to be held
Speaker 2: accountable for people to be treated equally end quote. So again,
Speaker 2: religious conflict is still part of the picture, but not
Speaker 2: in the way that Western governments are painted. What's happening
Speaker 2: is these issues of being amplified by opportunists and far
Speaker 2: right lobbyists, and as I established earlier, we should be
Speaker 2: addressed in way these terror groups have even come from,
Speaker 2: because the West's hands are not clean in that picture either.
Speaker 2: Groups like al Qaeda and the Islamic State have known
Speaker 2: connections in their history to Western medland An American policy
Speaker 2: in Africa has at least indirectly on these groups thanks
Speaker 2: to the fall of Gadaffi in Libya and the American
Speaker 2: lede stabilization of other Muslim countries in Southwest Asia and
Speaker 2: North Africa. The death squads are this Akys that is
Speaker 2: boost across the Sahel region, victimizing Africans of world faith
Speaker 2: or at least some of their firepower to that Western
Speaker 2: inter venture. To the flow of arms coming out of Libya.
Speaker 2: The West has repeatedly shown that it's our ka of
Speaker 2: people's lives. So what is the real beef that Trump
Speaker 2: and co. Have with Nigeria? While according to Bangoura's article,
Speaker 2: Trump is not feeling the fact that the US is
Speaker 2: dependent on China for where it is and Nigeria is
Speaker 2: very resource rich when it comes to earths like lithium, cobalt,
Speaker 2: nickel and all that other stuff. Chinese companies have invested
Speaker 2: more than one point three billion US dollars in Nigeria's
Speaker 2: lithium processing industry, and Russia has growing leverage in the
Speaker 2: region thanks to their involvement with Nizia, Bikina, Fasso, and Mali.
Speaker 2: So in an effort to wean America all of China,
Speaker 2: Trump's been trying to after the deal the situation, so
Speaker 2: he signed agreements in Southeast Asia to increase the production
Speaker 2: and processing of raves and exports to the US. He
Speaker 2: stepped into a broker peace deals code and code between
Speaker 2: the DRC and Rwanda's the US can invest more in
Speaker 2: the DRC's minerals. And what Trump rido like in Nigeria's
Speaker 2: case is that Nigeria's President Tuinubu is not playing ball
Speaker 2: with him, at least in this case. In Trump's eyes too,
Speaker 2: will you not do enough to reverse Ja's military coup?
Speaker 2: And ton Woo do not let the US relocate the
Speaker 2: Nigerian military base to Nigeria. Tunubu also didn't let Trump
Speaker 2: relocate deportees to Nigeria, even when Ghana, Rwanda, Esportini, Telzadan
Speaker 2: and Uganda all accepted them. Furthermore, as established before, Nigeria
Speaker 2: continues to condemn Israel's genocide in Gaza now when it
Speaker 2: wants to, the US can intervene in other countries without
Speaker 2: the talk of humanitarian itself. Because look at Guatemala nineteen
Speaker 2: fifty four when they tried to implement some ladder reforms
Speaker 2: and that went against the United Food Company's interests. So
Speaker 2: the US invaded, and you also had the US willing
Speaker 2: to simply support whatever opposition exists in the country, like
Speaker 2: in the Congo in nineteen sixty one against Patriciala Mumba,
Speaker 2: in Chile in nineteen seventy three against savadoy Inde, and
Speaker 2: in Iran in nineteen fifty three against Mohammad Mosleg So
Speaker 2: they will use humanitarian talk. Whether they use that talk
Speaker 2: or not, the results tend to be disastrous for the
Speaker 2: people in those countries. US intervention sucks pretty much everywhere Iraq, Libya, Syria, Afghanistan,
Speaker 2: Somalia and more. Besides, so we can count on whatever
Speaker 2: Trump attempts in Nigeria being an abject failure. More recently,
Speaker 2: the United States announced it will be sending a military
Speaker 2: team to Nigeria after a string of recent attacks that'd
Speaker 2: be in two hundred troops. So we'll see what happens next.
Speaker 2: But it's clear that US intervention is not the solution.
Speaker 2: Its intentions are definitely malicious. So what can the future
Speaker 2: be for the people of Nigeria? How can its people
Speaker 2: be free? Obviously, the battle against these reactionary forces rages on,
Speaker 2: but military solutions and militarization will not be enough. In fact,
Speaker 2: it carries some serious risk in the region as a
Speaker 2: whole in terms of escalation. An article by ayodele o'labi
Speaker 2: in Altazeerra recognize that with Nigeria's entanglement with the US
Speaker 2: and the two hundred and sixty eight thousand strong Equa's force,
Speaker 2: the AES is going to feel threatened, you know, as
Speaker 2: it's trying to keep Western influence out of the region.
Speaker 2: So there's a danger of future EQUAS deployments overlapping with
Speaker 2: AS operations and potentially lead into clashes. And if there
Speaker 2: isn't a the escalation of tensions between Equas and AS,
Speaker 2: we can end up seeing interstate wars that would devastate
Speaker 2: communities in the region and gave the insurgents opportunities to
Speaker 2: expand it could very well set up another roxy battleground
Speaker 2: for global powers and some kind of new caused war.
Speaker 2: So they have to find some way of avoiding this
Speaker 2: clash and see if they can build a cooperative, security
Speaker 2: free move despite their vastly different interests.
Speaker 1: Yeah, to a degree, we already see like global powers
Speaker 1: right Like Russia has been honing its most horrific war
Speaker 1: crimes in parts of West Africa for a long time,
Speaker 1: right with it's like private military contractors exactly. Ukraine has
Speaker 1: sent special forces to assist the people fighting against the
Speaker 1: Russian private military contractors. Like we've seen Nigeria's own government
Speaker 1: kill its own civilians and its counter terrorism operation. Like,
Speaker 1: all of this just makes life less livable for people
Speaker 1: who already like on the thick end of climate change
Speaker 1: for one thing, and have suffered under centuries of colonialism
Speaker 1: for another.
Speaker 2: So that's a geopolitic analysis post. In the long term,
Speaker 2: I think there's much to be done to rebuild the
Speaker 2: revolutionary front within Nigeria led by Nigerians themselves, to chart
Speaker 2: another path for the future of the country away from
Speaker 2: the status of vassalage. Yeah, you know, left and left
Speaker 2: adjacent movements were very diminished in relevance and credibility after
Speaker 2: the end of military rule in Nigeria in nineteen ninety
Speaker 2: nine due to several reasons that we could get into
Speaker 2: at another time. But by the time we got to
Speaker 2: the Ensar's movement in twenty twenty, left forces were present
Speaker 2: but didn't have the level of organization and strategy necessary
Speaker 2: to rise the occasion. But according to the article in
Speaker 2: Progressive International by A. Eula Babbalola, there's potential for a resurgence.
Speaker 2: The End Bad Governance movement had demonstrations in August October
Speaker 2: twenty twenty four which saw leftist groups like Take It
Speaker 2: Back and the Socialist Workers League play a central role
Speaker 2: in organizing and mobilizing protests. Unlike earlier moments, these groups
Speaker 2: are ticket related, clearer demands, coordinated protest strategies, and attempted
Speaker 2: to provide ideological direction. This is in spite of facing
Speaker 2: crackdowns and arrests of key figures and left and progressive spaces.
Speaker 2: Of course, not everyone mobilizing against Nigeria's struggle in economic
Speaker 2: and political conditions are committed to left or left adjacent ideas. Still,
Speaker 2: the question remains unresolved. Can this renewed street level influence
Speaker 2: be transformed into lasting organizational power, or will repeat the
Speaker 2: cycle of vocalization followed by fragmentation that has littered movements
Speaker 2: before it. This violence taking place in Nigeria is bound
Speaker 2: up with the violence taking place across the world. Is
Speaker 2: bound up in imperialist interests and capless interest, in status interests,
Speaker 2: and in petty tyrant's interests. From Nigeria to Congo to
Speaker 2: Sedan to Palestine, violence and suppression tactics wheeled in one
Speaker 2: place often brought to another. Biblelula says in his article
Speaker 2: that coult a genuine pursuit of justice must confront proximate
Speaker 2: perpetrators as well as the transnational systems of power that
Speaker 2: sustain them. What we must not allow is for the
Speaker 2: global perpetrators of criminality and terror to tell the world
Speaker 2: where to focus its attention and good. In other words,
Speaker 2: to all at the perpetrators of these violences tell you
Speaker 2: where to focus. We must look everywhere, look holistically at
Speaker 2: what's happening, and put the power and solarity in the
Speaker 2: hands of the people affected to resist that violence. That's
Speaker 2: all I have to say. As usual, all powers, all
Speaker 2: people peace.
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