1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,080 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how 2 00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:13,480 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,520 --> 00:00:16,960 Speaker 1: I'm Holly Fry and I'm Tracy Vie Wilson. Uh. This 4 00:00:17,040 --> 00:00:20,080 Speaker 1: episode is a little bit of a history mystery. It's 5 00:00:20,120 --> 00:00:22,760 Speaker 1: also got a good bit of scientific work to counter 6 00:00:22,800 --> 00:00:25,799 Speaker 1: that mystery. But there's still that little slip her that 7 00:00:25,880 --> 00:00:29,880 Speaker 1: remains of uncertainty that keeps people guessing Slash. I think 8 00:00:29,920 --> 00:00:33,080 Speaker 1: interested and also just hopeful that it will turn out 9 00:00:33,080 --> 00:00:36,600 Speaker 1: to be something crazy. Right. Yeah, we are talking today 10 00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:38,519 Speaker 1: about something that I think a lot of people know 11 00:00:38,600 --> 00:00:41,760 Speaker 1: a little bit about. Uh. We'll talk about why at 12 00:00:41,760 --> 00:00:44,319 Speaker 1: the end. In terms of popular culture, which is the 13 00:00:44,360 --> 00:00:50,000 Speaker 1: Tunguska event. It's a strange phenomenon that happened in and 14 00:00:50,159 --> 00:00:53,120 Speaker 1: there is good news because while this was I think 15 00:00:53,120 --> 00:00:56,600 Speaker 1: you could categorize it as a catastrophic event, it is 16 00:00:56,600 --> 00:01:00,360 Speaker 1: not really a sad topic. Fortunately, as we'll discuss the moment. 17 00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:02,160 Speaker 1: It happened in a place where people did not really 18 00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:06,200 Speaker 1: get hurt. There's one maybe unsubstantiated animals were harmed, but 19 00:01:06,720 --> 00:01:11,039 Speaker 1: probably not people. Yes, Uh, and I think probably what 20 00:01:11,120 --> 00:01:13,319 Speaker 1: happened to the animals happened so quickly there was not 21 00:01:13,360 --> 00:01:16,480 Speaker 1: really suffering. Uh. It is a fascinating look at the 22 00:01:16,480 --> 00:01:19,759 Speaker 1: ways in which our planet can surprise and mystify us 23 00:01:19,800 --> 00:01:23,160 Speaker 1: and offer up questions that we still can't answer, even 24 00:01:23,240 --> 00:01:25,760 Speaker 1: after more than a hundred years of trying to figure 25 00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:28,559 Speaker 1: them out. Yeah. I think this is one that somebody 26 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:30,640 Speaker 1: recently was like, I'm surprised you haven't talked about this. 27 00:01:30,880 --> 00:01:33,720 Speaker 1: I am surprised we haven't either, Like, I think I 28 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:35,320 Speaker 1: had it in my head for a while, because it's 29 00:01:35,319 --> 00:01:37,840 Speaker 1: always something I'm like, oh, yeah, that is interesting. Surely 30 00:01:37,880 --> 00:01:40,319 Speaker 1: the previous hosts have done it, and even though we 31 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:43,720 Speaker 1: have been here for a while, I would not put 32 00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:46,440 Speaker 1: any bets on my ability to conjure what has and 33 00:01:46,480 --> 00:01:49,480 Speaker 1: hasn't been covered by previous hosts. I also am never 34 00:01:49,520 --> 00:01:53,920 Speaker 1: surprised because it's the world is just so huge, yes, yea. 35 00:01:55,120 --> 00:02:00,200 Speaker 1: So on n at approximately seven am, the guy over 36 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:04,000 Speaker 1: Siberia lit up with what was described by witnesses as 37 00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:08,720 Speaker 1: a massive fireball or the sky engulfed in fire. And 38 00:02:08,720 --> 00:02:10,760 Speaker 1: then there was a bang and a crash and a 39 00:02:10,760 --> 00:02:15,200 Speaker 1: series of smaller thunking noises like objects falling from the sky. Yeah. 40 00:02:15,240 --> 00:02:17,119 Speaker 1: But I want to make clear that while it's described 41 00:02:17,160 --> 00:02:20,640 Speaker 1: that way. We'll we'll get to the lack of those 42 00:02:20,639 --> 00:02:25,120 Speaker 1: objects as we discuss UH. The area around what is 43 00:02:25,160 --> 00:02:28,400 Speaker 1: known as the Middle Tunguska River in Siberia is not 44 00:02:28,720 --> 00:02:31,720 Speaker 1: densely populated, and it was even less so in nineteen 45 00:02:31,720 --> 00:02:34,280 Speaker 1: o eight, which was a good thing. Had there been 46 00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:37,400 Speaker 1: more people in the area when the largest explosion known 47 00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:40,440 Speaker 1: to man and it still holds that title took place, 48 00:02:40,760 --> 00:02:43,239 Speaker 1: it would likely have resulted in a massive loss of 49 00:02:43,320 --> 00:02:47,000 Speaker 1: human life. I read one thing last night that said 50 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:49,639 Speaker 1: something like, if this had happened over London, like the 51 00:02:49,680 --> 00:02:52,240 Speaker 1: whole world would have really felt like a much bigger 52 00:02:52,280 --> 00:02:57,040 Speaker 1: impact because it's almost impossible to calculate how devastating it 53 00:02:57,040 --> 00:03:00,960 Speaker 1: would have been. Um. There were some deaths, which was 54 00:03:01,040 --> 00:03:06,119 Speaker 1: primarily herds of reindeer. Uh. There was one human who 55 00:03:06,200 --> 00:03:09,680 Speaker 1: was allegedly flung against a tree and died. That account 56 00:03:09,760 --> 00:03:13,240 Speaker 1: is not substantiated. When this blast, which came as a 57 00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:18,440 Speaker 1: complete surprise, happened, it was felt across long distances. Windows 58 00:03:18,520 --> 00:03:20,760 Speaker 1: broke in homes that were as far away as thirty 59 00:03:20,760 --> 00:03:24,600 Speaker 1: five miles or sixty kilometers from the explosion, and estimated 60 00:03:24,639 --> 00:03:28,440 Speaker 1: two thousand square kilometers of forest were destroyed. Places as 61 00:03:28,480 --> 00:03:31,600 Speaker 1: far away as Great Britain felt the earth shaking, and 62 00:03:31,639 --> 00:03:35,800 Speaker 1: in places where people didn't perceive a rumbling seismographs still 63 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:39,360 Speaker 1: picked up a wave of activity that actually circled the globe. 64 00:03:39,560 --> 00:03:42,760 Speaker 1: It registered a second time in Germany YEA. Some accounts 65 00:03:42,760 --> 00:03:46,280 Speaker 1: will say it circled the globe multiple times, but uh 66 00:03:46,320 --> 00:03:48,680 Speaker 1: the second time specifically is mentioned in one of the 67 00:03:48,720 --> 00:03:54,680 Speaker 1: researchers the early researchers report. So the estimated power of 68 00:03:54,680 --> 00:03:59,080 Speaker 1: this mystery explosion is really hard to comprehend, and apparently 69 00:03:59,120 --> 00:04:01,880 Speaker 1: it is just as hard to estimate. It is often 70 00:04:01,920 --> 00:04:05,160 Speaker 1: compared to the power of atomic bombs, but with sources 71 00:04:05,200 --> 00:04:07,880 Speaker 1: claiming it as anywhere from a hundred and eighty five 72 00:04:07,920 --> 00:04:11,480 Speaker 1: times more powerful than the bomb that fell on Hiroshima 73 00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:15,840 Speaker 1: to one thousand times more powerful. I witness accounts are 74 00:04:15,880 --> 00:04:18,119 Speaker 1: almost difficult to believe. They sound were like the sorts 75 00:04:18,120 --> 00:04:20,560 Speaker 1: of things that you would read about in an apocalyptic novel. 76 00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:24,520 Speaker 1: There were claims that a low to the earth flying 77 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:27,320 Speaker 1: star flew across the sky and that a pillar of 78 00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:31,000 Speaker 1: fire trailed it. One witness said quote the sky split 79 00:04:31,040 --> 00:04:34,200 Speaker 1: into and fire appeared high and wide over the forest. 80 00:04:34,760 --> 00:04:37,680 Speaker 1: The split in the sky grew larger and the entire 81 00:04:37,880 --> 00:04:41,640 Speaker 1: northern side was covered with fire. A man who had 82 00:04:41,640 --> 00:04:44,120 Speaker 1: been sitting on his porch forty miles away from the 83 00:04:44,120 --> 00:04:47,360 Speaker 1: epicenter of the event described the sensation that his shirt 84 00:04:47,400 --> 00:04:51,400 Speaker 1: had caught fire. Yes, so there's a lot of heat, noise, 85 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:55,839 Speaker 1: visual fire. Fortunately, So just for clarity, because we mentioned 86 00:04:55,839 --> 00:04:58,520 Speaker 1: earlier that this did not really claim a lot of 87 00:04:58,600 --> 00:05:02,640 Speaker 1: human lives, and it was in a fairly sparsely populated area. 88 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:05,719 Speaker 1: The major primary part of it, we'll talk about this 89 00:05:05,720 --> 00:05:09,000 Speaker 1: in a moment, happened over a forest that was completely undeveloped, 90 00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:13,120 Speaker 1: and so these eyewitnesses were in homes and areas that 91 00:05:13,160 --> 00:05:15,200 Speaker 1: were outside of that forest. So that is why there 92 00:05:15,240 --> 00:05:19,320 Speaker 1: are eyewitness accounts, but not a lot of death and 93 00:05:19,360 --> 00:05:23,320 Speaker 1: destruction in terms of human life. There was a massive 94 00:05:23,440 --> 00:05:27,080 Speaker 1: and I mean massive blast wave of wind that followed 95 00:05:27,080 --> 00:05:30,839 Speaker 1: the explosion that resulted in reports that horses, even hundreds 96 00:05:30,839 --> 00:05:35,000 Speaker 1: of kilometers away were unable to remain standing. Humans and 97 00:05:35,040 --> 00:05:38,800 Speaker 1: fences were simply blown around. But this blast wave is 98 00:05:38,839 --> 00:05:42,520 Speaker 1: also credited with extinguishing the fire that came with the explosion. 99 00:05:43,200 --> 00:05:45,440 Speaker 1: And maybe the most odd were the accounts of things 100 00:05:45,440 --> 00:05:49,120 Speaker 1: that happened in far distant places following the blast and 101 00:05:49,279 --> 00:05:52,120 Speaker 1: Great Britain, it was reported that the sky remained bright 102 00:05:52,279 --> 00:05:54,719 Speaker 1: into the night, so much so that people could easily 103 00:05:54,760 --> 00:05:57,360 Speaker 1: read outdoors and play cricket in the dead of night. 104 00:05:58,080 --> 00:06:00,600 Speaker 1: That same illumination covered the rest of Europe in parts 105 00:06:00,600 --> 00:06:03,159 Speaker 1: of Asia as well. Yeah, and it went on for 106 00:06:03,279 --> 00:06:07,920 Speaker 1: several days, which seems like a completely strange and weird 107 00:06:08,120 --> 00:06:12,479 Speaker 1: apocalyptic event. But even though this startling thing had happened 108 00:06:12,480 --> 00:06:16,120 Speaker 1: in the Tunguska area, no one from the scientific community 109 00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:18,760 Speaker 1: really went to check it out. One would think that 110 00:06:18,839 --> 00:06:22,920 Speaker 1: curious scientists and researchers would flock to a location where 111 00:06:22,920 --> 00:06:25,640 Speaker 1: such an unusual event had taken place, But again, this 112 00:06:25,720 --> 00:06:29,400 Speaker 1: took place in central Siberia, an area notorious for having 113 00:06:29,400 --> 00:06:33,960 Speaker 1: a harsh climate, making travel challenging. The Middle Tunguska River 114 00:06:34,080 --> 00:06:37,920 Speaker 1: area has impassively difficult winters, and it can get really 115 00:06:37,960 --> 00:06:40,720 Speaker 1: swampy in its warmer season, which offers a whole separate 116 00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:46,080 Speaker 1: set of challenges. In the early nineteen twenties, mineralogist Leonid Kulik, 117 00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:49,920 Speaker 1: who was the St. Petersburg Museum's chief curator of their 118 00:06:49,960 --> 00:06:54,279 Speaker 1: meteorite collection, had become deeply interested in this strange event, 119 00:06:54,640 --> 00:06:56,960 Speaker 1: and he spent the next several years trying to get 120 00:06:57,000 --> 00:07:00,800 Speaker 1: the government to agree to a research trip. Finally, in 121 00:07:00,880 --> 00:07:05,760 Speaker 1: ninety seven, nearly two decades after this strange explosion at Tunguska, 122 00:07:06,120 --> 00:07:08,359 Speaker 1: while the Soviet Union was in power at this point, 123 00:07:08,360 --> 00:07:10,880 Speaker 1: because you remember, there had been a big power shift 124 00:07:11,080 --> 00:07:14,640 Speaker 1: in the area, Kulick and his team finally traveled into 125 00:07:14,680 --> 00:07:18,080 Speaker 1: the area to investigate, and even after two decades, the 126 00:07:18,200 --> 00:07:22,640 Speaker 1: damage was both extensive and very obvious. As Kulik and 127 00:07:22,720 --> 00:07:26,120 Speaker 1: his men approached the location where this explosion was reported 128 00:07:26,160 --> 00:07:28,320 Speaker 1: to have taken place, they saw that the trees had 129 00:07:28,360 --> 00:07:32,520 Speaker 1: been completely flattened. Leaning outward from the center of the blast, 130 00:07:33,040 --> 00:07:36,160 Speaker 1: the section of flattened forest was thirty one miles or 131 00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:39,080 Speaker 1: fifty kilometers wide, although it was not a perfect circle, 132 00:07:39,280 --> 00:07:42,320 Speaker 1: but more of an elongated shape that Kulik would later 133 00:07:42,360 --> 00:07:46,000 Speaker 1: describe as eccentric radial. Yes, sometimes you'll see it described 134 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:48,840 Speaker 1: as almost like a kind of a deformed butterfly shape 135 00:07:48,880 --> 00:07:52,280 Speaker 1: as well. But Kulik did not find the crater that 136 00:07:52,320 --> 00:07:55,640 Speaker 1: he expected at the center of all of that destruction. Instead, 137 00:07:56,080 --> 00:07:58,560 Speaker 1: the trees there in what would be the epicenter or 138 00:07:58,640 --> 00:08:01,680 Speaker 1: stripped bare of foliage and arc. But they stood upright. 139 00:08:01,760 --> 00:08:05,480 Speaker 1: They're broken trunks, still rising straight into the air. He 140 00:08:05,520 --> 00:08:08,960 Speaker 1: also anticipated finding remnants of a meteorite, but none were 141 00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:13,280 Speaker 1: recovered by his team. Theorized the lack of a crater 142 00:08:13,480 --> 00:08:17,560 Speaker 1: and meteoric rock can be attributed to the soft, mucky 143 00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:20,160 Speaker 1: earth in the area, and that whatever had hit it 144 00:08:20,520 --> 00:08:23,400 Speaker 1: had sunk into the mucky ground. He wrote about this 145 00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:27,480 Speaker 1: theory and a report published by the Astronomical Society of 146 00:08:27,480 --> 00:08:31,240 Speaker 1: the Pacific. In addition to the explosion itself, there was 147 00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:35,160 Speaker 1: an aftermath of particular debris, which Kulik described in the 148 00:08:35,240 --> 00:08:39,480 Speaker 1: paper quote huge masses of the finest substance sprayed by 149 00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:42,640 Speaker 1: the meteorite in its flight through the atmosphere and raised 150 00:08:42,640 --> 00:08:45,040 Speaker 1: by the explosion in the Earth's crust. Due to the 151 00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:48,200 Speaker 1: cosmic speed of the impact of the meteorite caused a 152 00:08:48,240 --> 00:08:51,280 Speaker 1: heavy blanket of dust in the upper layers of the atmosphere, 153 00:08:51,640 --> 00:08:54,040 Speaker 1: and the formation at a height from eighty three to 154 00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:58,920 Speaker 1: eight five kilometers of silvery clouds, light clouds and dust 155 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:01,360 Speaker 1: screens on the sea ling and in the lower layers 156 00:09:01,360 --> 00:09:05,679 Speaker 1: of the stratosphere. Thus were produced those remarkable phenomena called 157 00:09:05,800 --> 00:09:09,880 Speaker 1: night dawns, which were of incomparable beauty. These were observed 158 00:09:10,120 --> 00:09:11,920 Speaker 1: on the day of the fall, from the place of 159 00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:15,400 Speaker 1: its occurrence as far as Spain and from Fenno, Scandia 160 00:09:15,480 --> 00:09:18,080 Speaker 1: to the Black Sea. We're going to rewind a little 161 00:09:18,080 --> 00:09:20,240 Speaker 1: bit to talk about some work that Kulik actually did 162 00:09:20,520 --> 00:09:24,560 Speaker 1: to try to get information before that trip, but first 163 00:09:24,559 --> 00:09:34,920 Speaker 1: we will pause for a sponsor break. Right before the break, 164 00:09:34,960 --> 00:09:37,600 Speaker 1: we read a little bit from Kulik's report on all 165 00:09:37,640 --> 00:09:40,560 Speaker 1: of this, and some of what he wrote about actually 166 00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:44,360 Speaker 1: had been published before. He had mounted an expedition in 167 00:09:44,480 --> 00:09:47,400 Speaker 1: nineteen twenty one that gathered accounts of the event, but 168 00:09:47,480 --> 00:09:50,120 Speaker 1: it didn't actually make it to the site. Uh. That 169 00:09:50,240 --> 00:09:53,079 Speaker 1: was how Leon and Kulik had first really gotten a 170 00:09:53,160 --> 00:09:56,800 Speaker 1: sense of what had happened at Tunguska. He kind of again, 171 00:09:56,840 --> 00:09:59,360 Speaker 1: it's very impassable, difficult to get to and I will 172 00:09:59,360 --> 00:10:02,320 Speaker 1: point out when more time and undeveloped forests, so it's 173 00:10:02,360 --> 00:10:04,480 Speaker 1: not take a place where there are roads and it's 174 00:10:04,520 --> 00:10:06,760 Speaker 1: just hard to get over them. There wasn't any way 175 00:10:06,800 --> 00:10:09,200 Speaker 1: to get to places. It's not going to have people 176 00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:13,200 Speaker 1: passing by and seeing what happened. Right. Uh. And certainly 177 00:10:13,200 --> 00:10:16,480 Speaker 1: there's no infrastructure there for him to just put it 178 00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:19,160 Speaker 1: all on the jeep and go. But most scientists just 179 00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:22,840 Speaker 1: did not take those accounts seriously. We talked about all 180 00:10:22,840 --> 00:10:26,360 Speaker 1: the time how eyewitness accounts aren't always trustworthy. These were 181 00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:29,000 Speaker 1: gathered some years after the event, so there's already that 182 00:10:29,040 --> 00:10:33,840 Speaker 1: passage of time that that makes already potentially fallible memory 183 00:10:33,880 --> 00:10:37,160 Speaker 1: even more fuzzy. Uh. And it just it wasn't coming 184 00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:40,720 Speaker 1: from scientists, it was coming from locals. But because Kulik 185 00:10:40,920 --> 00:10:44,199 Speaker 1: was also able to get ahold of seismic wave data 186 00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:47,719 Speaker 1: that confirmed that something certainly had happened in Siberia in 187 00:10:47,840 --> 00:10:51,160 Speaker 1: nineteen o eight, this event started to garner more serious 188 00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:55,680 Speaker 1: scientific interest. Culick's writing on the subject of the event 189 00:10:56,040 --> 00:10:58,320 Speaker 1: was not the result of just one visit. He went 190 00:10:58,440 --> 00:11:02,080 Speaker 1: again in eight with an assistant he refers to as 191 00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:06,400 Speaker 1: a cinema operator, meaning a cameraman. The images captured on 192 00:11:06,440 --> 00:11:09,719 Speaker 1: the trip were so stark and startling that they led 193 00:11:09,760 --> 00:11:15,160 Speaker 1: to another expedition in Yeah, if you we will use 194 00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:17,120 Speaker 1: one of those images as our show art. But if 195 00:11:17,120 --> 00:11:19,960 Speaker 1: you just look around on the internet for like a 196 00:11:19,960 --> 00:11:22,880 Speaker 1: tiny amount of time, you will see them they're astonishing. 197 00:11:22,960 --> 00:11:26,680 Speaker 1: They really do look just completely alien and bizarre. On 198 00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:30,840 Speaker 1: the trip, Kulik was joined by a geobotanist named Lvi 199 00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:34,760 Speaker 1: Shumiliva and another scientist named E. L. Crin Off, and 200 00:11:34,800 --> 00:11:36,920 Speaker 1: they also had a group of workmen that traveled with 201 00:11:37,000 --> 00:11:38,640 Speaker 1: them over the course of a year and a half. 202 00:11:38,679 --> 00:11:40,679 Speaker 1: The numbers of of work when they had at any 203 00:11:40,679 --> 00:11:43,920 Speaker 1: given time varied a little bit um, but their mission 204 00:11:44,040 --> 00:11:47,480 Speaker 1: was basically to thoroughly study the area and its climate 205 00:11:47,520 --> 00:11:51,760 Speaker 1: and document everything was really detailed notes. Over the course 206 00:11:51,760 --> 00:11:54,800 Speaker 1: of the journey, the research team investigated points of interests 207 00:11:54,880 --> 00:11:57,240 Speaker 1: that might have proven pertinent to the nineteen o eight event. 208 00:11:57,440 --> 00:11:59,439 Speaker 1: There are a lot of side trips to look at 209 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:01,880 Speaker 1: intensions in the earth and see if those might be 210 00:12:01,880 --> 00:12:05,360 Speaker 1: where debris fell, and they also carefully tracked the shifting 211 00:12:05,400 --> 00:12:09,800 Speaker 1: seasons to analyze if climate conditions may have contributed. Kula 212 00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:13,080 Speaker 1: wrote his conclusion as to what exactly had taken place, quote, 213 00:12:13,520 --> 00:12:18,040 Speaker 1: we know that on June behind the Podkamanya Tung, an 214 00:12:18,160 --> 00:12:21,920 Speaker 1: enormous iron meteorite fell. We may imagine that this body 215 00:12:21,960 --> 00:12:24,280 Speaker 1: broke into pieces, first in the air and then into 216 00:12:24,320 --> 00:12:27,280 Speaker 1: the earth crust, which it penetrated in a number of 217 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:30,800 Speaker 1: discrete fragments, and that they're in the crust. These fragments 218 00:12:30,840 --> 00:12:33,640 Speaker 1: burst into still smaller pieces under the action of the 219 00:12:33,800 --> 00:12:37,800 Speaker 1: escaping incandescent gases which were produced at the time. Yes, 220 00:12:37,880 --> 00:12:41,680 Speaker 1: so he believed that this meteorite had exploded in midair, 221 00:12:41,760 --> 00:12:43,840 Speaker 1: which is why there were no there was no crater, 222 00:12:44,400 --> 00:12:47,920 Speaker 1: and that the pieces that then slammed into the earth 223 00:12:48,040 --> 00:12:52,560 Speaker 1: and went underground also exploded some more, and that that 224 00:12:52,720 --> 00:12:54,880 Speaker 1: basically broke them up to the point that it was difficult. 225 00:12:55,440 --> 00:12:58,920 Speaker 1: But he did believe that you could potentially find large 226 00:12:58,920 --> 00:13:02,600 Speaker 1: pieces of nicolae is iron down in the earth under 227 00:13:02,640 --> 00:13:04,880 Speaker 1: the central point of the explosion, and he thought those 228 00:13:04,880 --> 00:13:07,000 Speaker 1: would be buried less than eighty two ft that's about 229 00:13:07,040 --> 00:13:11,440 Speaker 1: twenty five down. So kulis trips to central Siberia provided 230 00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:14,960 Speaker 1: previously unknown details about the Tangoska event to the world 231 00:13:15,000 --> 00:13:18,199 Speaker 1: outside of the immediate area, but also opened up this 232 00:13:18,320 --> 00:13:21,520 Speaker 1: whole Pandora's box of questions about what really happened there 233 00:13:21,679 --> 00:13:25,880 Speaker 1: and why there was no impact crater. Series about Tunguska 234 00:13:26,080 --> 00:13:30,480 Speaker 1: range from scientifically supported and plausible to downright kukie. So 235 00:13:30,559 --> 00:13:32,200 Speaker 1: we're going to start off with some of the more 236 00:13:32,200 --> 00:13:34,920 Speaker 1: outlandish ones and work our way up to the harder 237 00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:42,439 Speaker 1: science explanations. I like how every history mystery ranges from 238 00:13:42,880 --> 00:13:48,400 Speaker 1: right too. Oh it was mold. How you started on 239 00:13:48,520 --> 00:13:51,760 Speaker 1: like the most bananas one and I started on the 240 00:13:51,760 --> 00:13:58,800 Speaker 1: most straightforward one. So uranium was discovered in seventeen eighty nine, 241 00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:01,280 Speaker 1: and at the end of the nineteenth century, experiments and 242 00:14:01,400 --> 00:14:05,840 Speaker 1: nuclear energy were really beginning in Earnest Ressus St. Petersburg 243 00:14:05,920 --> 00:14:10,520 Speaker 1: Academy of Sciences started Earnest work in radioactive materials the 244 00:14:10,600 --> 00:14:14,680 Speaker 1: year after the Tangusca explosion. But there have been conspiracy 245 00:14:14,800 --> 00:14:19,520 Speaker 1: theories that have suggested that nuclear energy and specifically weapons 246 00:14:19,520 --> 00:14:22,200 Speaker 1: further along in the globe than the global public new 247 00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:26,080 Speaker 1: in night, and that some sort of nuclear explosion caused 248 00:14:26,160 --> 00:14:29,840 Speaker 1: this craterless Tangusca event. Yeah, that's one of those great 249 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:33,160 Speaker 1: uh perfect storm theories of like, of course there's no 250 00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:36,720 Speaker 1: evidence it was all covered up and uh they didn't 251 00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:38,480 Speaker 1: know what they were doing yet because it was all 252 00:14:38,520 --> 00:14:41,560 Speaker 1: done in secret. Uh, there's really no there was no 253 00:14:41,800 --> 00:14:47,320 Speaker 1: radioactive uh material or measurement taken that would suggest that 254 00:14:47,400 --> 00:14:50,720 Speaker 1: that was the case. What again, is a history mystery 255 00:14:50,840 --> 00:14:54,720 Speaker 1: without the involvement of aliens as an explanation for strange events. 256 00:14:55,200 --> 00:14:57,800 Speaker 1: There have been a number of hoaxes where people claim 257 00:14:57,920 --> 00:15:01,760 Speaker 1: to have evidence of aliens landing to Aungusca, and sometimes 258 00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:05,760 Speaker 1: the alien explanation and the nuclear explosion explanation are conflated. 259 00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:08,400 Speaker 1: They formed sort of a fun ven diagram, uh and 260 00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:12,680 Speaker 1: it becomes about a spaceship's nuclear power source malfunctioning and exploding. 261 00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:16,320 Speaker 1: But again, no radioactivity was measured to support any of these, 262 00:15:16,520 --> 00:15:20,280 Speaker 1: so probably both. Our favorite theory, even if we don't 263 00:15:20,480 --> 00:15:23,080 Speaker 1: believe it at all, is that this whole thing was 264 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:26,680 Speaker 1: the result of Nicola Tesla losing control of a wireless 265 00:15:26,680 --> 00:15:29,640 Speaker 1: power transmitter he had been working on, which could also 266 00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:32,880 Speaker 1: serve as a death ray. This theory is based on 267 00:15:32,920 --> 00:15:35,520 Speaker 1: the idea that Tesla may have been attempting to contact 268 00:15:35,560 --> 00:15:40,320 Speaker 1: explore Robert Peary as he camped on Ellesmere Island preparing 269 00:15:40,320 --> 00:15:43,400 Speaker 1: to attempt to reach the North Pole. Also, there's just 270 00:15:43,480 --> 00:15:47,520 Speaker 1: a lot of talk about Tesla developing a death ray. Also. Yeah, 271 00:15:47,560 --> 00:15:51,640 Speaker 1: and even some of Tesla's writing is a little uh 272 00:15:51,840 --> 00:15:54,800 Speaker 1: nutty enough that people can kind of pick and cherry 273 00:15:54,800 --> 00:15:58,160 Speaker 1: pick it a little bit to support these kinds of ideas. 274 00:15:57,920 --> 00:16:01,200 Speaker 1: It's not a death ray. I mean, I don't want 275 00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:03,960 Speaker 1: to shut anybody's dreams down, but I feel confident saying 276 00:16:04,640 --> 00:16:08,720 Speaker 1: this was not Nicola Tesla shooting a death ray. Now, 277 00:16:12,080 --> 00:16:16,040 Speaker 1: but even as all manner of fanciful explanations have surfaced 278 00:16:16,160 --> 00:16:19,160 Speaker 1: and even taken on lives of their own, scientists have 279 00:16:19,240 --> 00:16:21,480 Speaker 1: been working on this puzzle as well, and they have 280 00:16:21,560 --> 00:16:24,040 Speaker 1: come up with some additional theories, some building on the 281 00:16:24,080 --> 00:16:27,640 Speaker 1: ideas of Culic and others going in slightly different directions. 282 00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:32,800 Speaker 1: Another expedition went to the Tunguska site for additional research, 283 00:16:32,880 --> 00:16:36,640 Speaker 1: and this group found material that seems to support Kulik's hypothesis. 284 00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:40,960 Speaker 1: They recovered nickel, heavy silicate and magnetite samples from the 285 00:16:40,960 --> 00:16:44,000 Speaker 1: ground at the site, which backed up this whole meteorite theory. 286 00:16:44,200 --> 00:16:47,040 Speaker 1: To create the kind of effect that happened at Tegusca, 287 00:16:47,320 --> 00:16:49,960 Speaker 1: scientists have estimated that a meteorite would have had to 288 00:16:49,960 --> 00:16:52,520 Speaker 1: be somewhere between a hundred and fifty and three hundred 289 00:16:52,560 --> 00:16:56,040 Speaker 1: feet or between fifty and hundred meters in diameter. Yeah, 290 00:16:56,040 --> 00:16:58,600 Speaker 1: and those samples were teeny teeny tiny, Like there's a 291 00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:01,880 Speaker 1: reason just in case it's unclear where you're like, how 292 00:17:01,880 --> 00:17:04,000 Speaker 1: come they found samples and he didn't returning less than 293 00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:06,840 Speaker 1: a millimeter in size? They are itty bitty tiny. In 294 00:17:06,880 --> 00:17:09,879 Speaker 1: a paper published Detailing and expedition to the site in 295 00:17:09,960 --> 00:17:15,440 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty one, researcher KP. Florensky continued the meteorite hypothesis, 296 00:17:15,480 --> 00:17:19,520 Speaker 1: but also knew that this needed still more study, writing quote, 297 00:17:19,880 --> 00:17:23,280 Speaker 1: The investigation into the distribution of meteoric dust in the 298 00:17:23,320 --> 00:17:25,919 Speaker 1: area of the fall permits us with a high degree 299 00:17:25,920 --> 00:17:29,399 Speaker 1: of probability to speak of physically observed fragments from the 300 00:17:29,440 --> 00:17:33,760 Speaker 1: Tunguska meteorite and the nature of their scattering. However, to 301 00:17:33,920 --> 00:17:38,199 Speaker 1: transform the probability into full certainty, the distribution of this 302 00:17:38,320 --> 00:17:41,520 Speaker 1: material must be the subject of study in conjunction with 303 00:17:41,600 --> 00:17:45,159 Speaker 1: the general study of cosmic dust and its propagation. In 304 00:17:45,320 --> 00:17:49,600 Speaker 1: ninety three, authors A. A. Jackson the Fourth and MP. 305 00:17:49,840 --> 00:17:53,800 Speaker 1: Ryan Jr. Published a paper and the Periodical Nature, putting 306 00:17:53,920 --> 00:17:56,399 Speaker 1: forth the theory that the Tanuska event may have been 307 00:17:56,440 --> 00:17:58,760 Speaker 1: the result of a tiny black hole hitting the earth 308 00:17:59,200 --> 00:18:01,679 Speaker 1: writing quote. Since the black hole would leave no creator 309 00:18:01,800 --> 00:18:04,520 Speaker 1: or a material residue, it explains the mystery of the 310 00:18:04,560 --> 00:18:09,000 Speaker 1: tongus event. The following year, Nature published another paper written 311 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:12,320 Speaker 1: by William H. Beasley and Brian A. Tinsley the rather 312 00:18:12,520 --> 00:18:17,120 Speaker 1: direct contradictory title of tongus event was not caused by 313 00:18:17,160 --> 00:18:21,280 Speaker 1: a black hole. There are a few instances of back 314 00:18:21,320 --> 00:18:24,160 Speaker 1: and forth with these theories, where the follow up written 315 00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:27,600 Speaker 1: by somebody else's like no, no girl, that was not 316 00:18:27,680 --> 00:18:31,439 Speaker 1: a thing, no honey um And as part of the 317 00:18:31,480 --> 00:18:35,040 Speaker 1: takedown of that black hole theory, Beasley and Tensley right quote. 318 00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:38,480 Speaker 1: The air blast could also have resulted from the impact 319 00:18:38,520 --> 00:18:41,000 Speaker 1: of a small black hole with a diameter of the 320 00:18:41,119 --> 00:18:44,720 Speaker 1: order of Angstrom's and an asteroidal mass. The black hole 321 00:18:44,760 --> 00:18:47,399 Speaker 1: would however, have passed through the Earth in ten to 322 00:18:47,480 --> 00:18:51,080 Speaker 1: fifteen minutes and caused a similar explosion at the point 323 00:18:51,119 --> 00:18:54,320 Speaker 1: of exit. For what it's worth, Jackson and Ryan did 324 00:18:54,359 --> 00:18:56,840 Speaker 1: point out in their own paper that the quote exit 325 00:18:56,880 --> 00:19:00,000 Speaker 1: proves a check on the whole hypothesis, and they suggest 326 00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:03,080 Speaker 1: us said that oceanographic and shipping records should be consulted 327 00:19:03,160 --> 00:19:07,119 Speaker 1: for anything that might suggest disturbances in the proper exit 328 00:19:07,119 --> 00:19:09,600 Speaker 1: point that would have happened in nineteen o eight. In 329 00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:12,880 Speaker 1: the late nineteen seventies, things circle back around once again 330 00:19:12,920 --> 00:19:15,760 Speaker 1: to the idea that an object from space had been 331 00:19:15,800 --> 00:19:17,800 Speaker 1: the cause of the Tunguska event, and we're going to 332 00:19:17,800 --> 00:19:19,600 Speaker 1: talk about some of that research right after we come 333 00:19:19,600 --> 00:19:29,920 Speaker 1: back from another little sponsor break. In November ninety l 334 00:19:29,960 --> 00:19:32,920 Speaker 1: Krazac published a paper in the Bulletin of the Astronomical 335 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:36,760 Speaker 1: Institutes of Czechoslovakia asserting that the cause of the Tunguska 336 00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:40,439 Speaker 1: event had been a fragment of the comet Anka. Because 337 00:19:40,440 --> 00:19:43,280 Speaker 1: comments are made primarily of ice and not rock, this 338 00:19:43,359 --> 00:19:46,680 Speaker 1: idea explained why there would be no impact debris ever 339 00:19:46,720 --> 00:19:49,480 Speaker 1: recovered from the site. It would have just evaporated in 340 00:19:49,480 --> 00:19:53,480 Speaker 1: the atmosphere. In two thousand seven, Italian scientists put forth 341 00:19:53,520 --> 00:19:56,320 Speaker 1: another reason why no impact creator had ever been discovered. 342 00:19:56,680 --> 00:19:59,080 Speaker 1: It had filled with water and looked like any other 343 00:19:59,160 --> 00:20:02,480 Speaker 1: lake the I can question Like Checho is, according to 344 00:20:02,680 --> 00:20:06,480 Speaker 1: the Italian team, unrecorded before the Tunguska event, and it 345 00:20:06,520 --> 00:20:09,280 Speaker 1: has an unusual funnel like shape to its bed that 346 00:20:09,359 --> 00:20:11,600 Speaker 1: made the team think it could actually be an impact crater. 347 00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:14,320 Speaker 1: There are a lot of detractors to this whole theory, 348 00:20:14,480 --> 00:20:18,280 Speaker 1: pointing out that trees very near Lake Checko are mature 349 00:20:18,560 --> 00:20:21,800 Speaker 1: and old enough that they would have been flattened by 350 00:20:21,920 --> 00:20:24,160 Speaker 1: such an event, like the other trees in the area 351 00:20:24,200 --> 00:20:26,919 Speaker 1: where Yeah, and then there's that thing where it's like 352 00:20:27,080 --> 00:20:29,439 Speaker 1: it's in the middle of Siberia. So there's lots of 353 00:20:29,480 --> 00:20:33,800 Speaker 1: stuff that wasn't mapped before them. Um, yeah, that is 354 00:20:33,840 --> 00:20:38,920 Speaker 1: not a popular one. In samples from a layer of 355 00:20:38,960 --> 00:20:41,480 Speaker 1: earth from Tunguska that would have been settled there in 356 00:20:42,119 --> 00:20:46,560 Speaker 1: eight revealed microscopic rock fragments that had indeed originated in 357 00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:51,520 Speaker 1: a meteorite. Even analysis doesn't entirely solve this mystery, though. 358 00:20:51,600 --> 00:20:54,199 Speaker 1: For one, it's not certain that all the fragments that 359 00:20:54,280 --> 00:20:57,639 Speaker 1: they found were actually from eight and for another, there 360 00:20:57,640 --> 00:21:01,080 Speaker 1: are anybody fragments of meteorites solid for the planet, and 361 00:21:01,119 --> 00:21:03,680 Speaker 1: there's stuff from space hitting the planet literally all the time. 362 00:21:04,320 --> 00:21:07,320 Speaker 1: So even a positive I d of meteoric origin doesn't 363 00:21:07,320 --> 00:21:10,800 Speaker 1: necessarily rule out other possibilities, but it is still by 364 00:21:10,840 --> 00:21:15,440 Speaker 1: far the most substantiated explanation. Two more thoroughly work through 365 00:21:15,480 --> 00:21:19,520 Speaker 1: the exact steps to explain the century old riddle of Tungusca. 366 00:21:19,640 --> 00:21:23,960 Speaker 1: Scientists Natalia A. Artemieva and Valerie VI Shuvalov, in a 367 00:21:24,040 --> 00:21:28,760 Speaker 1: paper published in looked at two other incidents for comparisons 368 00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:33,720 Speaker 1: to TUNGUSCA one was the collision of comet shoemaker Levy 369 00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:39,120 Speaker 1: nine with Jupiter, and then the February Chilly A Binsmedia 370 00:21:39,400 --> 00:21:43,360 Speaker 1: which exploded over to Chilliabinsk, Russia and blew out windows 371 00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:46,320 Speaker 1: over a two hundred square mile area. You may have 372 00:21:46,359 --> 00:21:49,760 Speaker 1: seen footage of that on YouTube. It is terrifying. So 373 00:21:49,840 --> 00:21:52,960 Speaker 1: their paper suggests that in the Tunguska event number one, 374 00:21:53,200 --> 00:21:57,240 Speaker 1: a meteor zipped into earth atmosphere, chugging along somewhere between 375 00:21:57,320 --> 00:21:59,920 Speaker 1: nine and ten miles per second. Number two year the 376 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:03,639 Speaker 1: incoming object was broken apart in the atmosphere, and number 377 00:22:03,680 --> 00:22:05,720 Speaker 1: three the rock, which had to have been very brittle, 378 00:22:05,800 --> 00:22:09,520 Speaker 1: broke into teeny tiny vapor like particles that flash burned 379 00:22:09,560 --> 00:22:13,159 Speaker 1: in the atmosphere. That air bursts would have been like 380 00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:16,280 Speaker 1: a massive bomb going off, creating an impact of force 381 00:22:16,359 --> 00:22:19,920 Speaker 1: that slammed into the ground, leveled trees, and left that 382 00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:24,159 Speaker 1: particulate matter in the atmosphere, which explains that strange silver 383 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:28,080 Speaker 1: sky event sort of reported in witness accounts, and that 384 00:22:28,119 --> 00:22:30,720 Speaker 1: account we mentioned earlier about the sky in Britain being 385 00:22:30,720 --> 00:22:33,320 Speaker 1: bright enough for a cricket match. It is believed that 386 00:22:33,320 --> 00:22:37,200 Speaker 1: that strange nighttime light phenomenon was the result of sunlight 387 00:22:37,280 --> 00:22:40,280 Speaker 1: reflecting off of scattered dust in the atmosphere, which could 388 00:22:40,280 --> 00:22:42,639 Speaker 1: have come from Earth kicked up from the planet's surface, 389 00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:46,000 Speaker 1: and from the meteorite breaking up into the finest of particles. 390 00:22:46,040 --> 00:22:48,800 Speaker 1: This really goes back to Kulik's early work. So this 391 00:22:48,840 --> 00:22:51,480 Speaker 1: is one of those history mysteries that continues to capture 392 00:22:51,520 --> 00:22:53,760 Speaker 1: the attention of the scientific community as they strive to 393 00:22:53,800 --> 00:22:58,040 Speaker 1: find really conclusive data that points with one certainty to 394 00:22:58,119 --> 00:23:02,000 Speaker 1: the exact cause of the event. It's difficult because we 395 00:23:02,040 --> 00:23:04,280 Speaker 1: have a sample set of exactly one. There has not 396 00:23:04,359 --> 00:23:07,760 Speaker 1: been another event on this scale and in recorded time 397 00:23:07,840 --> 00:23:12,040 Speaker 1: for researchers to compare it to. We we do know 398 00:23:12,080 --> 00:23:14,760 Speaker 1: of other massive meteorites hitting the Earth, but like once, 399 00:23:14,800 --> 00:23:18,560 Speaker 1: we're okay, there's the the obvious craters right there, Nothing 400 00:23:18,640 --> 00:23:22,960 Speaker 1: quite like this at this massive scale has happened. But incidentally, though, 401 00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:25,400 Speaker 1: it is estimated that Earth takes a hit from an 402 00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:28,240 Speaker 1: asteroid the size of the one that most likely hit 403 00:23:28,280 --> 00:23:30,960 Speaker 1: Tunguska about every three hundred years, so we might have 404 00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:33,720 Speaker 1: another data point soon. In the meantime, though, if you'd 405 00:23:33,720 --> 00:23:37,600 Speaker 1: like to explore the Tunguska Event. From a more fictional perspective, 406 00:23:37,640 --> 00:23:40,240 Speaker 1: you've got lots of options. Even though there are as 407 00:23:40,320 --> 00:23:43,600 Speaker 1: plenty of scientific work focusing on explaining and understanding what 408 00:23:43,640 --> 00:23:47,600 Speaker 1: happened in Siberia, the remaining mystery is enough to fuel 409 00:23:47,640 --> 00:23:51,520 Speaker 1: all kinds of fictional versions of the Tunguska Event. Yeah, 410 00:23:51,520 --> 00:23:54,640 Speaker 1: that's probably how many people have heard of it. When 411 00:23:54,640 --> 00:23:58,760 Speaker 1: I mentioned it to my husband, he brought up immediately, Oh, 412 00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:01,920 Speaker 1: they talked about that on the X Files, and they did. 413 00:24:02,840 --> 00:24:05,520 Speaker 1: It has also been mentioned on Dr Who, on Star Trek, 414 00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:08,440 Speaker 1: It's mentioned in the movie Hellboy. I mean, there is 415 00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:10,880 Speaker 1: a list a mile long of things that have used 416 00:24:10,880 --> 00:24:15,000 Speaker 1: the Tunguska Event as a part of fiction. It even 417 00:24:15,040 --> 00:24:17,320 Speaker 1: shows up in Buffy the Vampire Slayer at one point, 418 00:24:17,359 --> 00:24:19,679 Speaker 1: although they get the details of it wrong, Like Willow 419 00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:21,359 Speaker 1: mentions it and I think she says it happened in 420 00:24:21,720 --> 00:24:24,239 Speaker 1: nineteen seventeen, which would have been the Bolshevik Revolution and 421 00:24:24,280 --> 00:24:28,639 Speaker 1: not this um. But so it really is kind of pervasive. 422 00:24:29,440 --> 00:24:32,760 Speaker 1: I think in in nerd circles it's almost like shorthand 423 00:24:32,840 --> 00:24:35,760 Speaker 1: of like a fun kind of paranormally thing, but not 424 00:24:35,840 --> 00:24:39,439 Speaker 1: really like most people recognize the science. But if you 425 00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:42,760 Speaker 1: read the comic that told the prequel story of Transformers, 426 00:24:42,840 --> 00:24:45,520 Speaker 1: Dark of the Mood, you know the real story of Tungusca, 427 00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:48,040 Speaker 1: which is that it was caused by the Decepticon shockwave. 428 00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:54,679 Speaker 1: That's what I'm gonna stick to. I've not seen that so, 429 00:24:55,160 --> 00:24:57,119 Speaker 1: but I do know what a Transformer is and a 430 00:24:57,200 --> 00:25:01,280 Speaker 1: Decepticon yeah, uh yeah, and again it you'd have to 431 00:25:01,320 --> 00:25:04,080 Speaker 1: read the comic that like the supplemental material, it's not 432 00:25:04,119 --> 00:25:07,119 Speaker 1: in the movie. The movie doesn't. I don't think the 433 00:25:07,160 --> 00:25:09,080 Speaker 1: movie touches on it. I honestly don't know. I'm not 434 00:25:09,119 --> 00:25:12,960 Speaker 1: having the hugest fan of the Transformers movies. Um, but 435 00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:15,679 Speaker 1: I did see that comic because someone mentioned that it 436 00:25:15,720 --> 00:25:19,040 Speaker 1: had this event in it. The abesome listener mail for us, 437 00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:22,159 Speaker 1: I do, uh. And it is another one that is 438 00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:25,840 Speaker 1: sort of about our windsor McKay episodes, but it mentions 439 00:25:25,880 --> 00:25:28,680 Speaker 1: the thing I didn't mention and probably should have. Uh. 440 00:25:28,680 --> 00:25:31,600 Speaker 1: It is our listener Courtney, and Courtney writes, Hi, I 441 00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:33,960 Speaker 1: just started listening to part two of the windsor McKay 442 00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:36,040 Speaker 1: episode and had to pause to write you this note. 443 00:25:36,200 --> 00:25:38,840 Speaker 1: When I heard you mentioned little Nemo, I had a 444 00:25:38,960 --> 00:25:41,920 Speaker 1: vague but very fond memory of an animated movie from 445 00:25:41,920 --> 00:25:45,480 Speaker 1: my childhood called Little Nemo Adventures in Slumberland that was 446 00:25:45,520 --> 00:25:47,760 Speaker 1: a big non Disney favorite of my brothers and I 447 00:25:47,840 --> 00:25:51,160 Speaker 1: for a few years. The movie came out in nine, 448 00:25:51,440 --> 00:25:53,439 Speaker 1: but I remember watching it on repeat when I was 449 00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:56,960 Speaker 1: probably in the six to eight age range. It turns 450 00:25:57,000 --> 00:26:00,280 Speaker 1: out it was based on Windsor McKay's comic strip. Uh says, 451 00:26:00,280 --> 00:26:02,000 Speaker 1: maybe you're about to talk about it in the episode, 452 00:26:02,040 --> 00:26:04,040 Speaker 1: so I'm sorry if by being repetitive, but I was 453 00:26:04,040 --> 00:26:07,200 Speaker 1: so struck at hearing this blast from the past UH 454 00:26:07,240 --> 00:26:09,679 Speaker 1: that she wanted to go ahead and write in I 455 00:26:09,720 --> 00:26:12,479 Speaker 1: did not talk about it on that episode because it 456 00:26:12,600 --> 00:26:15,840 Speaker 1: is based on it, but it's not. It's made by 457 00:26:15,880 --> 00:26:18,720 Speaker 1: completely different people. I also will confess I have never 458 00:26:18,760 --> 00:26:22,159 Speaker 1: watched it, which is no shade to it. It's just 459 00:26:22,240 --> 00:26:24,760 Speaker 1: never been one of those things that hit my television screen. 460 00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:27,639 Speaker 1: But it does exist. So I'm glad she mentioned it 461 00:26:27,680 --> 00:26:30,000 Speaker 1: because that could be a point of confusion if people 462 00:26:30,040 --> 00:26:33,399 Speaker 1: are looking for windsor McKay things that is made by 463 00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:37,119 Speaker 1: other people that were Uh inspired by windsor McKay, including 464 00:26:37,160 --> 00:26:39,320 Speaker 1: I think Chris Columbus worked on it, which has gone 465 00:26:39,320 --> 00:26:42,119 Speaker 1: who's gone on to work on everything, including he's one 466 00:26:42,119 --> 00:26:46,159 Speaker 1: of the producers on the earliest Harry Potter movies and basically, 467 00:26:46,200 --> 00:26:48,000 Speaker 1: if you look at his IMDb page, he's touched a 468 00:26:48,040 --> 00:26:50,159 Speaker 1: lot of things you've probably watched. But yeah, that is 469 00:26:50,200 --> 00:26:53,560 Speaker 1: not related to windsor McKay directly, but inspired by him. 470 00:26:53,680 --> 00:26:56,400 Speaker 1: So thank you for mentioning that, Courtney, because that would 471 00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:58,639 Speaker 1: have been a good thing to mention in the episode. 472 00:26:58,880 --> 00:27:00,320 Speaker 1: If you would like to email us, you can do 473 00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:03,080 Speaker 1: so at History Podcast at house to works dot com. 474 00:27:03,119 --> 00:27:05,840 Speaker 1: You can also find us across the spectrum of social 475 00:27:05,840 --> 00:27:08,920 Speaker 1: media as Missed in History and Missed in History dot 476 00:27:08,920 --> 00:27:11,280 Speaker 1: com is our website address where you can come and 477 00:27:11,359 --> 00:27:13,320 Speaker 1: visit us and see every episode of the show that 478 00:27:13,359 --> 00:27:16,600 Speaker 1: has ever existed. We also have show notes for any 479 00:27:16,600 --> 00:27:18,600 Speaker 1: of the shows that Tracy and I have worked on together. 480 00:27:18,880 --> 00:27:21,160 Speaker 1: So come and visit us at missed in History dot 481 00:27:21,160 --> 00:27:29,919 Speaker 1: com and we can all jaunt through history together. For 482 00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:32,840 Speaker 1: more on this and thousands of other topics, visit housetop 483 00:27:32,880 --> 00:27:39,520 Speaker 1: works dot com.