1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,000 Speaker 1: Hey, everyone. Technically you're getting two days in history today 2 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:05,920 Speaker 1: because we're running two episodes from the History vault. I 3 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:10,120 Speaker 1: hope you enjoy. Hello. Hello, everyone, Welcome to this day 4 00:00:10,119 --> 00:00:13,240 Speaker 1: in History class, where we bring you a new tidbit 5 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:28,520 Speaker 1: from history every day. The day was March b c E. 6 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:34,360 Speaker 1: A conspiracy against Roman dictator Julius Caesar came to a 7 00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:40,440 Speaker 1: violent end when his own senators assassinated him. Caesar's power 8 00:00:40,479 --> 00:00:44,360 Speaker 1: as a military commander and political leader had been rising steadily. 9 00:00:45,280 --> 00:00:49,160 Speaker 1: He greatly expanded Rome's territories, and he set the stage 10 00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:54,600 Speaker 1: for Rome to become an empire. Caesar conquered Gaul, defeated 11 00:00:54,640 --> 00:00:57,520 Speaker 1: Pompey the Great at the Battle of Farsilus, and named 12 00:00:57,560 --> 00:01:01,880 Speaker 1: his grand nephew Octavian his heir. He initiated a bunch 13 00:01:01,960 --> 00:01:07,000 Speaker 1: of social and political reforms too. Caesar created a police force, 14 00:01:07,319 --> 00:01:11,560 Speaker 1: abolished the tax system, ordered land redistribution for the poor, 15 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:17,000 Speaker 1: granted citizenship to foreigners, ordered Carthage and Corinthe to be rebuilt, 16 00:01:17,520 --> 00:01:21,680 Speaker 1: and reformed the Roman calendar. In forty four b c. 17 00:01:22,400 --> 00:01:26,200 Speaker 1: He was appointed Dictator perpetuous or dictator of the Roman 18 00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:30,520 Speaker 1: Republic with no term limit. Caesar was a celebrated leader, 19 00:01:31,040 --> 00:01:35,480 Speaker 1: and Rome prospered under his reign, but his senators thought 20 00:01:35,520 --> 00:01:38,559 Speaker 1: that he was becoming too powerful and that he would 21 00:01:38,600 --> 00:01:42,720 Speaker 1: soon get rid of the Senate and become king. Another 22 00:01:42,800 --> 00:01:46,320 Speaker 1: line of thought maintains that the senator's motives were more personal, 23 00:01:46,800 --> 00:01:52,200 Speaker 1: as Caesar threatened their privileged interests. There aren't any eyewitness 24 00:01:52,280 --> 00:01:56,600 Speaker 1: accounts of Caesar's assassination, but there are some early accounts 25 00:01:56,600 --> 00:01:59,920 Speaker 1: of the day's events, like the one Nicolaus of Damascus 26 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:04,240 Speaker 1: wrote Sarca fourteen. See. What we do know is that 27 00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:07,800 Speaker 1: the Liberators, as they called themselves, were a group of 28 00:02:07,920 --> 00:02:12,000 Speaker 1: Roman elites who were conspiring to assassinate Caesar to remove 29 00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:16,160 Speaker 1: him from power. There were as many as sixty people 30 00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:18,760 Speaker 1: involved in the plot, some who were in it for 31 00:02:18,840 --> 00:02:23,160 Speaker 1: personal gain, some who were against Caesar's policies or didn't 32 00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:27,240 Speaker 1: like the way he was changing the republic. Among them 33 00:02:27,320 --> 00:02:32,720 Speaker 1: were Marcus Junius Brutus and Guius Cassius Longinus, former enemies 34 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:35,840 Speaker 1: of Caesar's who had joined the Senate, as well as 35 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:40,400 Speaker 1: Decimus Junius Brutus and Guius Tribonius, who have been loyal 36 00:02:40,440 --> 00:02:45,520 Speaker 1: to Caesar. Caesar was getting ready to invade the Parthian Empire, 37 00:02:46,040 --> 00:02:48,480 Speaker 1: and he was going to leave Rome on March eighteen 38 00:02:48,639 --> 00:02:53,959 Speaker 1: to fight so. On March fift b c infamously known 39 00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:57,000 Speaker 1: as the IDEs of March, Caesar was set to attend 40 00:02:57,040 --> 00:03:00,840 Speaker 1: a Senate meeting at the Theater of Pompey. Months before, 41 00:03:01,040 --> 00:03:04,799 Speaker 1: he had dismissed his bodyguard. Knowing that Caesar was going 42 00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:08,000 Speaker 1: to leave soon, the liberators followed through with their plan 43 00:03:08,120 --> 00:03:12,360 Speaker 1: to kill the dictator. Caesar was sick and hesitant to 44 00:03:12,400 --> 00:03:16,440 Speaker 1: attend the senate meeting, but Decimus convinced him to go anyway. 45 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:21,480 Speaker 1: At the meeting, where hundreds of senators, tribunes, slaves, and 46 00:03:21,639 --> 00:03:27,320 Speaker 1: secretaries mark Antony, Caesar's right hand was delayed. Outside of 47 00:03:27,320 --> 00:03:31,840 Speaker 1: the portico where the meeting was being held. Lucius Tillis Timber, 48 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:35,800 Speaker 1: the governor of Bethania, walked up to Caesar on his 49 00:03:35,880 --> 00:03:39,680 Speaker 1: throne to hand him a petition and pulled back Caesar's toga. 50 00:03:40,880 --> 00:03:45,600 Speaker 1: At Simber signal tribune Publius Servilius Casca was the first 51 00:03:45,640 --> 00:03:49,119 Speaker 1: to strike Caesar with his knife, having hidden double edged 52 00:03:49,200 --> 00:03:52,960 Speaker 1: daggers beneath their Togas the rest of the assassins stabbed 53 00:03:53,040 --> 00:03:58,240 Speaker 1: the dictator, Caesar was stabbed twenty three times, but an 54 00:03:58,240 --> 00:04:01,200 Speaker 1: autopsy report later said that only one of the knife 55 00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:05,920 Speaker 1: wounds have been a fatal blow. It was later reported 56 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:10,760 Speaker 1: that Caesar's last words were YouTube my child, and the 57 00:04:10,800 --> 00:04:16,240 Speaker 1: play Julius Caesar. Shakespeare suggested that Caesar instead said it 58 00:04:16,440 --> 00:04:22,120 Speaker 1: to Brute, surprised at his friend Marcus Brutus's betrayal. A 59 00:04:22,160 --> 00:04:25,599 Speaker 1: couple of days after the murder, mark Antony called a 60 00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:28,919 Speaker 1: meeting of the Senate and proposed a compromise where the 61 00:04:28,960 --> 00:04:32,320 Speaker 1: assassins would be let off the hook, but Caesar's laws 62 00:04:32,320 --> 00:04:36,279 Speaker 1: and appointments would remain in place, but that deal didn't 63 00:04:36,320 --> 00:04:39,840 Speaker 1: go through. Caesar was largely popular with the lower and 64 00:04:39,960 --> 00:04:44,520 Speaker 1: middle classes, and many mourned his death. A series of 65 00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:49,160 Speaker 1: civil wars ensued. Mark Antony linked up with Octavian to 66 00:04:49,279 --> 00:04:53,840 Speaker 1: defeat Marcus Brutus and Cassius at the Battle of Philippi. Later, 67 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:58,520 Speaker 1: Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium, 68 00:04:58,560 --> 00:05:04,919 Speaker 1: and eventually Tavian took the name Augustus, meaning revered, one, lofty, 69 00:05:05,040 --> 00:05:10,200 Speaker 1: or supreme, and became the first Roman emperor. Caesar's death 70 00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:15,280 Speaker 1: have precipitated a totally new era for Rome. I'm Eve 71 00:05:15,360 --> 00:05:17,840 Speaker 1: Jeff Cote and hopefully you know a little more about 72 00:05:17,960 --> 00:05:22,760 Speaker 1: history today than you did yesterday. If you have any 73 00:05:22,839 --> 00:05:26,160 Speaker 1: burning questions or comments to tell us, you can find 74 00:05:26,240 --> 00:05:30,560 Speaker 1: us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at T D I 75 00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:40,000 Speaker 1: h C podcast Tune in tomorrow for another Day in History. 76 00:05:41,960 --> 00:05:45,120 Speaker 1: Hi everyone, I'm Eves and welcome to this Day in 77 00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:48,640 Speaker 1: History class, a podcast where we one day ship nugs 78 00:05:48,640 --> 00:05:59,479 Speaker 1: of history straight to your brain through your earhole. The 79 00:05:59,560 --> 00:06:03,400 Speaker 1: day was my arg fifteenth, nineteen seventy eight. The Ogoden 80 00:06:03,440 --> 00:06:06,880 Speaker 1: War ended when the Western Somali Liberation Front was defeated 81 00:06:07,040 --> 00:06:11,680 Speaker 1: and Somali troops were withdrawn from the Ogaden region. Ogadden 82 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:14,880 Speaker 1: is a region in eastern Ethiopia that lies between the 83 00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:19,719 Speaker 1: Ethiopian Highlands and the border between Somalia and Ethiopia. The 84 00:06:19,760 --> 00:06:22,880 Speaker 1: Ogaden was along a disputed region. As part of an 85 00:06:22,880 --> 00:06:27,120 Speaker 1: agreement made in nineteen forty eight, Ethiopia regained control over 86 00:06:27,160 --> 00:06:31,719 Speaker 1: the Ogoden region from Britain. In nineteen sixty, the Trust 87 00:06:31,920 --> 00:06:35,359 Speaker 1: Territory of Somali Land and the State of Somali Land 88 00:06:35,800 --> 00:06:39,440 Speaker 1: united to form the Somali Republic, also known as Somalia. 89 00:06:40,200 --> 00:06:44,280 Speaker 1: A government was formed and Somalia ratified a new constitution 90 00:06:44,320 --> 00:06:48,520 Speaker 1: in nineteen sixty one, but in nineteen sixty nine, Somali 91 00:06:48,600 --> 00:06:53,960 Speaker 1: President Abdirashid Ali Serra Marki was assassinated. The assassination was 92 00:06:54,040 --> 00:06:57,640 Speaker 1: followed by a military coup orchestrated by the Somali Army. 93 00:06:58,760 --> 00:07:02,839 Speaker 1: The Supreme Revolutionary Council or s r C, became the 94 00:07:02,880 --> 00:07:06,720 Speaker 1: new governing body of Somalia. The SRC renamed the country 95 00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:11,720 Speaker 1: the Somali Democratic Republic and banned political parties. It also 96 00:07:11,800 --> 00:07:16,920 Speaker 1: suspended the constitution, abolished the National Assembly, and supported national 97 00:07:16,920 --> 00:07:22,040 Speaker 1: liberation movements. At the same time, in Ethiopia, Hila Selassie 98 00:07:22,240 --> 00:07:26,040 Speaker 1: was still ruling as the Emperor of Ethiopia after taking 99 00:07:26,080 --> 00:07:30,120 Speaker 1: the throne decades earlier. In nineteen thirty, the Ogaden Liberation 100 00:07:30,200 --> 00:07:33,880 Speaker 1: Front launched a rebellion against the government in eastern Ethiopia. 101 00:07:33,920 --> 00:07:38,280 Speaker 1: In nineteen sixty three, Somali government troops supported them. A 102 00:07:38,360 --> 00:07:41,920 Speaker 1: border war soon broke out between Ethiopia and Somalia, but 103 00:07:42,040 --> 00:07:44,640 Speaker 1: after a couple of months the two countries agreed to 104 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:49,280 Speaker 1: a cease fire. But in nineteen seventy four, Emperor Hila 105 00:07:49,320 --> 00:07:52,640 Speaker 1: Celastie was overthrown by the dare, also known as the 106 00:07:52,720 --> 00:07:56,920 Speaker 1: Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia. One of the groups 107 00:07:56,920 --> 00:08:00,440 Speaker 1: that emerged out of the ensuing political instability was the 108 00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:05,360 Speaker 1: Western Somali Liberation Front or w s l F. The 109 00:08:05,560 --> 00:08:08,640 Speaker 1: w s LF was made up of Somali's living in 110 00:08:08,680 --> 00:08:12,560 Speaker 1: the Ogoden region. In February of nineteen seventy seven, the 111 00:08:12,760 --> 00:08:16,800 Speaker 1: w s l F launched an insurgency against the Ethiopian 112 00:08:16,840 --> 00:08:20,560 Speaker 1: government in the Ogoden region. The Somali government gave the 113 00:08:20,560 --> 00:08:25,880 Speaker 1: group military assistance. Months later, thousands of Somali government troops 114 00:08:25,960 --> 00:08:29,520 Speaker 1: and w s LF rebels invaded the Ogodden and went 115 00:08:29,600 --> 00:08:35,080 Speaker 1: up against Ethiopian forces. The Soviet Union, Cuba, and South Yemen, 116 00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:39,840 Speaker 1: as well as other communist countries, supplied military assistance to Ethiopia. 117 00:08:40,480 --> 00:08:44,160 Speaker 1: With all its aid, Ethiopia managed to drive back Somali 118 00:08:44,200 --> 00:08:48,400 Speaker 1: troops and the w s LF. On March nine, nine 119 00:08:48,679 --> 00:08:52,000 Speaker 1: seventy eight, the Somali National Army was ordered to withdraw 120 00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:55,880 Speaker 1: from the Ogoden region and retreat back to Somalia. On 121 00:08:55,920 --> 00:08:59,960 Speaker 1: March fifteenth, the last significant unit of Somali troops when 122 00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:04,040 Speaker 1: back to Somalia, as Ethiopia had captured most of Ogaden, 123 00:09:04,440 --> 00:09:07,800 Speaker 1: Somalia gave up his claim to the region. More than 124 00:09:07,840 --> 00:09:11,480 Speaker 1: ten thousand people were killed during the conflict. By the 125 00:09:11,520 --> 00:09:14,479 Speaker 1: early nineteen eighties, there were more than a million refugees 126 00:09:14,520 --> 00:09:18,400 Speaker 1: in Somalia from the Ogaden region. The w s LF 127 00:09:18,520 --> 00:09:21,400 Speaker 1: remained active in the Ogaden, but by the late nineteen 128 00:09:21,440 --> 00:09:25,480 Speaker 1: eighties the group had become defunct. I'm eachte code and 129 00:09:25,520 --> 00:09:28,160 Speaker 1: hopefully you know a little more about history today than 130 00:09:28,240 --> 00:09:31,800 Speaker 1: you did yesterday. Looking out for a content a little 131 00:09:31,880 --> 00:09:35,360 Speaker 1: more sophisticated than cat memes in your feed. Connect with 132 00:09:35,480 --> 00:09:40,120 Speaker 1: us on social media at t D I h C podcast, 133 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:43,280 Speaker 1: or if you are so inclined, you can send us 134 00:09:43,280 --> 00:09:48,880 Speaker 1: a message at this day at I heart media dot com. 135 00:09:48,880 --> 00:10:02,280 Speaker 1: Thanks again for listening. We'll see you same place tomorrow. Yeah. 136 00:10:02,800 --> 00:10:05,079 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from I heeart Radio, visit the iHeart 137 00:10:05,160 --> 00:10:07,640 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 138 00:10:07,640 --> 00:10:08,280 Speaker 1: favorite shows.