1 00:00:00,320 --> 00:00:03,520 Speaker 1: O La La Loka Motes. Welcome to season nine of 2 00:00:03,600 --> 00:00:07,400 Speaker 1: lok at Dora Radio. I'm Theosa and I'm Mala. Look 3 00:00:07,440 --> 00:00:10,559 Speaker 1: at Dora Radio is a podcast dedicating to archiving our 4 00:00:10,640 --> 00:00:14,159 Speaker 1: present and shifting the culture forward. You're tuning in to 5 00:00:14,240 --> 00:00:17,160 Speaker 1: Capitolo two O nine. 6 00:00:17,440 --> 00:00:19,680 Speaker 2: Last time on loc at Our Radio, we spoke with 7 00:00:19,960 --> 00:00:21,000 Speaker 2: Esoteric Essa. 8 00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:23,680 Speaker 3: We all have some sort of medicine and some sort 9 00:00:23,680 --> 00:00:27,320 Speaker 3: of capacity through our own unique gifts, and I really 10 00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:30,080 Speaker 3: just for me that came down to the point where 11 00:00:30,080 --> 00:00:32,040 Speaker 3: I was like, listen, I grew up with all this 12 00:00:32,080 --> 00:00:36,360 Speaker 3: stuff and I've always had a natural curiosity. Let me 13 00:00:36,400 --> 00:00:38,800 Speaker 3: go back to learning the tiro and let me talk 14 00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:39,320 Speaker 3: to my mom. 15 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:42,360 Speaker 2: Tune in, leave a comment, subscribe and share with a friend. 16 00:00:43,360 --> 00:00:45,639 Speaker 2: On today's episode of look at Our Radio, we are 17 00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:50,120 Speaker 2: joined by two very special guests, Samantha Johnson Yang and 18 00:00:50,280 --> 00:00:54,520 Speaker 2: Mona Morales Recalde. Samantha is a cultural officer and Mona 19 00:00:54,600 --> 00:00:57,840 Speaker 2: is the community outreach lead for the San Gabriel Band 20 00:00:57,880 --> 00:01:01,880 Speaker 2: of Mission Indians Tongva gab We'll be talking about the 21 00:01:01,920 --> 00:01:04,600 Speaker 2: history of the Tongva, their efforts to stop the poaching 22 00:01:04,640 --> 00:01:08,400 Speaker 2: of white stage from southern California, wildlife reserves and an 23 00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:12,000 Speaker 2: ongoing battle to protect and preserve their tribal identity. I 24 00:01:12,080 --> 00:01:15,520 Speaker 2: recently worked with Mona while m seeing a music EPOCA 25 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:19,200 Speaker 2: event organized and hosted by the office of City council 26 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:23,200 Speaker 2: Member Aissas Ernandez, as well as at the grand opening 27 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:27,280 Speaker 2: of the very first CD one field office. Mona was 28 00:01:27,319 --> 00:01:30,200 Speaker 2: delivering the land acknowledgment at both the events, and we 29 00:01:30,240 --> 00:01:32,959 Speaker 2: thought it would be a natural fit to have Mona 30 00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:35,320 Speaker 2: on Locata to bring us up to speed with the 31 00:01:35,360 --> 00:01:39,240 Speaker 2: issues that the Tongva Gabrielino people are currently facing. If 32 00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:41,560 Speaker 2: you live in La you've probably attended a ton of 33 00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:44,600 Speaker 2: events that include a land acknowledgment of the San Gabriel 34 00:01:44,640 --> 00:01:48,920 Speaker 2: Band of Mission Indians Tongva Gabrielino, which is incidentally the 35 00:01:48,920 --> 00:01:51,960 Speaker 2: first and only state recognized tribe in the LA area. 36 00:01:52,520 --> 00:01:56,440 Speaker 2: But how much do we actually know about the first Angelinos? 37 00:01:56,960 --> 00:02:00,520 Speaker 2: Mona and Samantha are on to tell us more. Mona 38 00:02:00,520 --> 00:02:03,400 Speaker 2: and Samantha, thank you so much both for being here 39 00:02:03,400 --> 00:02:06,000 Speaker 2: with us today and chatting on look at the radio. 40 00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:08,760 Speaker 2: Can you both introduce yourselves for our listeners? 41 00:02:09,240 --> 00:02:12,840 Speaker 4: Sure? Hi, everyone, My name is Mona Morales Ricalde. I 42 00:02:12,880 --> 00:02:15,560 Speaker 4: am from the Sant Gabriel Band of Mission Indians, and 43 00:02:15,919 --> 00:02:17,800 Speaker 4: definitely want to say thanks to both of you for 44 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:19,320 Speaker 4: having us here today. 45 00:02:19,720 --> 00:02:22,840 Speaker 5: And I am Samantha Johnson Yang. I'm the tribal Cultural 46 00:02:22,840 --> 00:02:26,359 Speaker 5: officer for the Gabrilino Tongva Band of Mission Indians. Oh 47 00:02:26,400 --> 00:02:27,000 Speaker 5: San Gabriel. 48 00:02:27,120 --> 00:02:30,320 Speaker 2: Fabulous. Thank you both for introducing yourselves and I'm really 49 00:02:30,320 --> 00:02:33,320 Speaker 2: excited to talk about your tribe, but what you guys 50 00:02:33,320 --> 00:02:36,280 Speaker 2: are working on the issues that you're facing. Mona, I 51 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:39,960 Speaker 2: met you at two different events. We've done some work together, 52 00:02:40,639 --> 00:02:43,320 Speaker 2: Aisa said, Nan this and her office for the city 53 00:02:43,320 --> 00:02:45,760 Speaker 2: Council have like put on events. They had a field 54 00:02:45,800 --> 00:02:49,560 Speaker 2: office grand opening and you were there providing a land acknowledgment. 55 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:52,280 Speaker 2: And I wanted to start there because I feel like 56 00:02:52,320 --> 00:02:56,760 Speaker 2: a lot of Californians, a lot of Angelino's. Anybody who's 57 00:02:56,800 --> 00:02:59,720 Speaker 2: going to events in LA has probably attended an event 58 00:02:59,720 --> 00:03:02,800 Speaker 2: where a land acknowledgement has been delivered, or maybe a 59 00:03:02,840 --> 00:03:05,960 Speaker 2: graduation what have you. And I think that we are 60 00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:10,480 Speaker 2: aware that the Tongva, the Gabrielino Tongva, your tribe or 61 00:03:10,480 --> 00:03:14,760 Speaker 2: the original peoples of this territory, but we don't necessarily 62 00:03:14,800 --> 00:03:19,480 Speaker 2: know much more about your tribe and your history and 63 00:03:19,520 --> 00:03:22,360 Speaker 2: the current issues you all are dealing with. So I 64 00:03:22,400 --> 00:03:25,360 Speaker 2: was hoping we could start there, and what are some 65 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:30,200 Speaker 2: things that most Californians, most Angelinos don't know about your tribe. 66 00:03:30,200 --> 00:03:32,679 Speaker 4: Oh, that's such a good question to start with. It's 67 00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:35,600 Speaker 4: that we are still here. We often face issues of 68 00:03:35,720 --> 00:03:40,480 Speaker 4: erasure and visibility of our people on our own ancestral land, 69 00:03:40,640 --> 00:03:45,000 Speaker 4: and so doing land acknowledgments, hopefully with partnership behind it, 70 00:03:45,040 --> 00:03:47,680 Speaker 4: is a great way of showing our continued presence and 71 00:03:47,720 --> 00:03:50,800 Speaker 4: then with partnership showing that there is the interest of 72 00:03:50,840 --> 00:03:53,720 Speaker 4: helping to increase our visibility on our land. That for 73 00:03:53,800 --> 00:03:55,600 Speaker 4: me is what I would say is our number one issue. 74 00:03:55,680 --> 00:03:59,119 Speaker 4: It's hard for people to visualize what Los Angeles look 75 00:03:59,240 --> 00:04:03,080 Speaker 4: like before colonization, to know that this was Indian country 76 00:04:03,560 --> 00:04:06,400 Speaker 4: before there were was concretes and lights in Hollywood, to 77 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:09,680 Speaker 4: imagine what this land looked like and how are people lived. 78 00:04:09,920 --> 00:04:12,040 Speaker 4: So that's an area that I think is for me 79 00:04:12,120 --> 00:04:13,320 Speaker 4: the number one issue. 80 00:04:13,440 --> 00:04:13,640 Speaker 1: Yeah. 81 00:04:13,640 --> 00:04:16,480 Speaker 5: Absolutely. I joke that we're the skeleton in Hollywood's closet, 82 00:04:16,520 --> 00:04:21,760 Speaker 5: were like the original skeleton in Hollywood's closet, because Hollywood 83 00:04:21,839 --> 00:04:24,360 Speaker 5: history is in Los Angeles history is just seen as 84 00:04:24,400 --> 00:04:26,520 Speaker 5: so new, like calling the plumber. For my work, I 85 00:04:26,560 --> 00:04:30,440 Speaker 5: work at the Tongva Tadahapahava Conservancy, the People's Land Conservancy, 86 00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:34,040 Speaker 5: and when I say Tongva, they're like Tonga, and I'm like, 87 00:04:34,480 --> 00:04:37,600 Speaker 5: I love my Polynesian people, but I don't identify as Polynesian. 88 00:04:37,640 --> 00:04:41,600 Speaker 5: I'm not Tonga. I'm Tongva. And so that is definitely 89 00:04:41,680 --> 00:04:44,640 Speaker 5: the biggest issue for me personally. I'm biased because I'm 90 00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:48,720 Speaker 5: an environmental biologist, but for me, our biggest issue is 91 00:04:48,760 --> 00:04:53,279 Speaker 5: the poaching of our sacred plant, white sage. So its spread. 92 00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:56,520 Speaker 5: It started here in Los Angeles and like Powell culture, 93 00:04:56,600 --> 00:04:59,039 Speaker 5: and it was spread across as like this great way 94 00:04:59,080 --> 00:05:01,440 Speaker 5: to clear the vibe vibes and to bring blessing. But 95 00:05:01,839 --> 00:05:04,640 Speaker 5: people started poaching it from the wild. And so when 96 00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:07,159 Speaker 5: that started happening, you know, how can a plant that's 97 00:05:07,160 --> 00:05:09,840 Speaker 5: been so distressed bring blessing? And so we try to 98 00:05:09,839 --> 00:05:11,320 Speaker 5: bring awareness about that as well. 99 00:05:11,640 --> 00:05:13,320 Speaker 4: The other thought that came to my mind is also 100 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:16,600 Speaker 4: to talk about education. Like you said, people from La 101 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:19,840 Speaker 4: know our name and that's it, but knowing beyond that. 102 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:22,760 Speaker 2: The education of the history of our people. 103 00:05:22,960 --> 00:05:27,719 Speaker 4: And knowing what that means for the hardships and the 104 00:05:27,760 --> 00:05:31,000 Speaker 4: atrocities and genocides that our people have survived and that 105 00:05:31,040 --> 00:05:32,440 Speaker 4: we are still here. Yeah. 106 00:05:32,480 --> 00:05:35,120 Speaker 1: I love that education component that you just brought in 107 00:05:35,200 --> 00:05:40,200 Speaker 1: because I think most children raised in LA and maybe 108 00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:43,320 Speaker 1: in la Us School District, or in my case, I 109 00:05:43,400 --> 00:05:47,560 Speaker 1: went to a Catholic school in Los Angeles, and our 110 00:05:47,640 --> 00:05:51,720 Speaker 1: introduction to maybe a quote native history maybe would have 111 00:05:51,760 --> 00:05:55,039 Speaker 1: been through like the Mission projects, which is definitely not 112 00:05:55,240 --> 00:05:57,840 Speaker 1: like a people's history, but that may be the first 113 00:05:58,240 --> 00:06:02,440 Speaker 1: quote educational component that we learned as children in this area. 114 00:06:03,120 --> 00:06:07,000 Speaker 1: So I'm wondering for you, what would a model be 115 00:06:07,480 --> 00:06:14,680 Speaker 1: to educate the public, educate Angelinos and especially children from 116 00:06:14,760 --> 00:06:17,160 Speaker 1: a very young age about the history and awareness of 117 00:06:17,200 --> 00:06:18,040 Speaker 1: the tongue of people. 118 00:06:19,560 --> 00:06:22,040 Speaker 4: I believe that Native education can be a part of 119 00:06:22,120 --> 00:06:27,039 Speaker 4: every single discipline in education. So whether it's math and learning, 120 00:06:27,080 --> 00:06:32,560 Speaker 4: basket weaving and multiplication, to science, to botany, to every 121 00:06:32,680 --> 00:06:36,040 Speaker 4: dimension of education can include and be based in Native 122 00:06:36,040 --> 00:06:40,520 Speaker 4: American studies. Our tribe is currently working with LAUSD el 123 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:43,400 Speaker 4: Hamber School District a handful of other school districts in 124 00:06:43,520 --> 00:06:46,640 Speaker 4: LA to help ensure that we're teaching teachers how to 125 00:06:46,760 --> 00:06:52,200 Speaker 4: teach about us. The challenge is our topics and talking 126 00:06:52,279 --> 00:06:55,159 Speaker 4: about our history is difficult. We have a hard history, 127 00:06:55,240 --> 00:06:58,960 Speaker 4: and so being able to say that we had state 128 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:02,880 Speaker 4: sponsored genocide in California and you're teaching that to third graders, 129 00:07:03,320 --> 00:07:05,680 Speaker 4: that's a hard topic to have. And so learning to 130 00:07:05,720 --> 00:07:09,080 Speaker 4: have those conversations in a way that teaches perspective but 131 00:07:09,240 --> 00:07:13,360 Speaker 4: also teaches the truth is really important. Many California Indians 132 00:07:13,360 --> 00:07:15,960 Speaker 4: will say that the equivalent of doing the Mission project 133 00:07:16,080 --> 00:07:19,000 Speaker 4: is the same as having a Jewish person build Auschwitz, 134 00:07:19,440 --> 00:07:23,040 Speaker 4: because that's how detrimental and harmful the Mission system was 135 00:07:23,040 --> 00:07:26,400 Speaker 4: to our people. That being said, our tribe still holds 136 00:07:26,440 --> 00:07:29,360 Speaker 4: a relationship with the Mission, and that often gets complicated 137 00:07:29,400 --> 00:07:31,200 Speaker 4: because people are like, how in the world can you 138 00:07:31,200 --> 00:07:33,520 Speaker 4: hold a relationship with a mission that was responsible for 139 00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:36,120 Speaker 4: so much atrocity. The best way that we described at 140 00:07:36,240 --> 00:07:39,320 Speaker 4: is we have about six thousand ancestors that are interred 141 00:07:39,400 --> 00:07:43,400 Speaker 4: around the mission grounds. With our relationship with the Mission, 142 00:07:43,520 --> 00:07:45,440 Speaker 4: we are able to do song and dance and have 143 00:07:45,560 --> 00:07:48,760 Speaker 4: ceremony at the Mission. If we break that relationship with 144 00:07:48,800 --> 00:07:51,800 Speaker 4: the Mission, we lose that contact with our ancestors on 145 00:07:51,880 --> 00:07:54,000 Speaker 4: the ancestral land and that's important to us. 146 00:07:54,440 --> 00:07:56,840 Speaker 5: Yeah, absolutely, and I think that there needs to be 147 00:07:56,880 --> 00:07:59,640 Speaker 5: a broader conversation about maybe the audience that the Mission 148 00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:04,400 Speaker 5: Project has because maybe that isn't appropriate for elementary school. 149 00:08:04,440 --> 00:08:06,560 Speaker 5: I mean, when I learned about the Holocaust, it was 150 00:08:06,600 --> 00:08:09,720 Speaker 5: as early as ninth grade, which is definitely not the 151 00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:13,360 Speaker 5: same as being in third grade. And so the educational 152 00:08:13,400 --> 00:08:16,840 Speaker 5: models that I appreciate seeing are more based on culture 153 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:19,880 Speaker 5: when they're younger, and then go into the atrocities of 154 00:08:19,960 --> 00:08:24,040 Speaker 5: history as they get older, and that automatically builds empathy 155 00:08:24,040 --> 00:08:26,880 Speaker 5: for our tribe as well, which is a really important component, 156 00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:31,360 Speaker 5: especially when you're also combating this racism that has quite 157 00:08:31,360 --> 00:08:34,760 Speaker 5: literally erased us from the Los Angeles narrative. And so 158 00:08:34,960 --> 00:08:38,199 Speaker 5: teaching kids about native plants, how we interact with native 159 00:08:38,240 --> 00:08:41,760 Speaker 5: plants as a culture, how to grow native plants in 160 00:08:41,800 --> 00:08:44,120 Speaker 5: their own area and have empathy for those plants and 161 00:08:44,120 --> 00:08:46,880 Speaker 5: in turn empathy for the people that once cared for them. 162 00:08:47,080 --> 00:08:50,160 Speaker 5: That's something that any age, any person can be introduced 163 00:08:50,200 --> 00:08:55,480 Speaker 5: to as a way to really understand what we're about 164 00:08:56,040 --> 00:08:58,600 Speaker 5: and what was eradicated as well. 165 00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:02,559 Speaker 1: Anywhere Locomotives, We'll be right back. 166 00:09:12,280 --> 00:09:15,240 Speaker 2: And we're back with more of our episode. Thank you 167 00:09:15,280 --> 00:09:18,079 Speaker 2: all for all of that context and for our listeners 168 00:09:18,080 --> 00:09:20,680 Speaker 2: who are not from California who don't know what a 169 00:09:20,760 --> 00:09:24,240 Speaker 2: mission is. In the state of California, we have twenty 170 00:09:24,280 --> 00:09:29,160 Speaker 2: one missions that were constructed by the Spanish and the 171 00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:34,840 Speaker 2: Catholic Church to colonize the California territory and to convert 172 00:09:35,040 --> 00:09:40,760 Speaker 2: the indigenous communities all up and down California to Catholicism Christianity. 173 00:09:40,880 --> 00:09:44,320 Speaker 2: So most missions include a Catholic church, a lot of 174 00:09:44,320 --> 00:09:47,880 Speaker 2: them have a school cemetery. And then I think back 175 00:09:47,920 --> 00:09:51,520 Speaker 2: in the day, right almost like plantations where they were 176 00:09:51,520 --> 00:09:55,640 Speaker 2: growing crops and Native peoples were enslaved like to work 177 00:09:55,840 --> 00:09:58,640 Speaker 2: the mission grounds. So that's what a mission is. And 178 00:09:58,720 --> 00:10:01,600 Speaker 2: in California, if you go to a California school, usually 179 00:10:01,640 --> 00:10:06,079 Speaker 2: what in the third grade we are as students, we 180 00:10:06,120 --> 00:10:09,840 Speaker 2: are assigned or we like build a model of one 181 00:10:09,880 --> 00:10:12,560 Speaker 2: of the twenty one California missions and then do a 182 00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:15,320 Speaker 2: project where we report back on like the history and 183 00:10:15,360 --> 00:10:18,800 Speaker 2: the architecture and the different indigenous communities. 184 00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:22,720 Speaker 5: Yeah, and what's really fascinating about the twenty one California 185 00:10:22,760 --> 00:10:26,160 Speaker 5: missions is that only one of those missions, even though 186 00:10:26,160 --> 00:10:29,199 Speaker 5: they all have very detailed records of the tribes that 187 00:10:29,240 --> 00:10:33,760 Speaker 5: we're enslaved. There only one mission Indian tribe is federally recognized, 188 00:10:34,160 --> 00:10:38,960 Speaker 5: even though we have centuries of documentation from you know, 189 00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:41,640 Speaker 5: a quote unquote official organization, the Catholic Church. 190 00:10:41,840 --> 00:10:45,000 Speaker 1: Can you clarify that for me? So, of in the 191 00:10:45,040 --> 00:10:49,760 Speaker 1: mission system, the missions, one group, only one tribe is 192 00:10:49,920 --> 00:10:51,880 Speaker 1: recognized by the missions. 193 00:10:51,480 --> 00:10:52,480 Speaker 5: By the federal government. 194 00:10:52,679 --> 00:10:53,520 Speaker 2: Can you say more? 195 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:54,680 Speaker 1: Can you talk more about that? 196 00:10:54,840 --> 00:10:55,120 Speaker 4: Yeah? 197 00:10:55,120 --> 00:10:58,720 Speaker 5: So, the reason why only one mission is federally recognized 198 00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:02,160 Speaker 5: down the coast of California, I'm sure if you asked 199 00:11:02,559 --> 00:11:05,320 Speaker 5: a government official, they would have a lot of really 200 00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:09,079 Speaker 5: wonderful political reasons. But if you look at the property 201 00:11:09,160 --> 00:11:12,360 Speaker 5: value of where each of those missions is at, it's 202 00:11:12,440 --> 00:11:15,840 Speaker 5: in some of the most expensive property in the country, 203 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:19,520 Speaker 5: including Los Angeles. We have three different reality TV shows, 204 00:11:19,840 --> 00:11:22,560 Speaker 5: if not more about just trying to find a house, 205 00:11:22,800 --> 00:11:27,840 Speaker 5: and multimillion dollar houses in this county. And so to 206 00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:31,000 Speaker 5: be a federally recognized tribe, you have to get a 207 00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:34,400 Speaker 5: certain amount of land back for a reservation. And so 208 00:11:34,720 --> 00:11:36,880 Speaker 5: the federal government does not want to hand over such 209 00:11:36,920 --> 00:11:41,160 Speaker 5: expensive land. And so there are hundreds of federally unrecognized 210 00:11:41,160 --> 00:11:44,280 Speaker 5: tribes in the country who have the same story as us. 211 00:11:44,760 --> 00:11:47,320 Speaker 2: This is really interesting and so it brings us to 212 00:11:47,760 --> 00:11:50,000 Speaker 2: our next piece of the conversation. And so if we 213 00:11:50,040 --> 00:11:51,719 Speaker 2: think about the name of your tribe, you're the San 214 00:11:51,800 --> 00:11:56,360 Speaker 2: Gabriel Band of Mission Indians Gabrielino Tangva, which directly relates 215 00:11:56,400 --> 00:12:00,480 Speaker 2: back to the San Gabriel Mission where your community very 216 00:12:00,480 --> 00:12:04,559 Speaker 2: deep roots. And there are some issues right now as 217 00:12:04,600 --> 00:12:09,480 Speaker 2: far as like your tribal identity and there are there 218 00:12:09,559 --> 00:12:13,560 Speaker 2: is a tribe that is seeking federal recognition. Can you 219 00:12:13,640 --> 00:12:16,280 Speaker 2: talk to us about like the status of your tribe 220 00:12:16,360 --> 00:12:19,679 Speaker 2: and like where you guys are recognition wise, and then 221 00:12:20,120 --> 00:12:21,959 Speaker 2: this other tribe and some of the issues that you're 222 00:12:21,960 --> 00:12:23,320 Speaker 2: facing with identity. 223 00:12:23,520 --> 00:12:26,400 Speaker 4: So in nineteen ninety four, the Chief, Anthony Morales, the 224 00:12:26,480 --> 00:12:30,080 Speaker 4: chief of our tribe, received a state resolution that identifies 225 00:12:30,120 --> 00:12:32,200 Speaker 4: in the resolution that it was for the San Gabriel 226 00:12:32,200 --> 00:12:35,160 Speaker 4: Band of Mission Indians. In two thousand and one, Hildas 227 00:12:35,160 --> 00:12:40,120 Speaker 4: Elease proposed a bill for our tribe to receive federal recognition. Unfortunately, 228 00:12:40,200 --> 00:12:44,640 Speaker 4: nine to eleven happened that bill got shelved. At that time, 229 00:12:44,760 --> 00:12:48,120 Speaker 4: our tribe was known as Gavulino Tongue venation San Gabriel 230 00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:50,559 Speaker 4: Band of Mission Indians. So if we fast forward to 231 00:12:50,640 --> 00:12:53,520 Speaker 4: current day, there is a we call them, a group, 232 00:12:53,640 --> 00:12:57,400 Speaker 4: not a tribe that was recently formed that calls themselves 233 00:12:57,400 --> 00:13:03,080 Speaker 4: the Gavulino Tongue Venation, and they are seeking federal recognition 234 00:13:03,200 --> 00:13:05,679 Speaker 4: for purposes of a casino, as stated in an LA 235 00:13:05,760 --> 00:13:11,040 Speaker 4: Times article, and that is it causes confusion because of 236 00:13:11,080 --> 00:13:12,959 Speaker 4: the name, because they're using the name that we were 237 00:13:13,000 --> 00:13:17,880 Speaker 4: formerly known as, which is problematic. In addition to that, 238 00:13:18,080 --> 00:13:20,840 Speaker 4: we support and understand the need for gaming with tribes 239 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:22,719 Speaker 4: and the importance and benefit it can provide to the 240 00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:26,160 Speaker 4: Native community. That being said, at this time, our tribal 241 00:13:26,160 --> 00:13:30,400 Speaker 4: focus is definitely around cultural preservation and education. And so 242 00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:33,360 Speaker 4: seeing someone that is taking a name that we used 243 00:13:33,360 --> 00:13:37,480 Speaker 4: to be known by and stating that the state recognition 244 00:13:37,559 --> 00:13:41,360 Speaker 4: that we received is their recognition, it's problematic and causing 245 00:13:41,400 --> 00:13:44,760 Speaker 4: a lot of confusion within the LA Native community. 246 00:13:45,240 --> 00:13:47,120 Speaker 5: Great answer, I mean, I guess the only thing that 247 00:13:47,120 --> 00:13:50,400 Speaker 5: I would add is that there are other additional groups 248 00:13:50,440 --> 00:13:54,920 Speaker 5: that are not hunting for federal recognition right now, and 249 00:13:55,080 --> 00:14:00,160 Speaker 5: they branched off from our original nation in the nineties 250 00:14:00,480 --> 00:14:03,680 Speaker 5: and now they specialize on different things. So some do monitoring, 251 00:14:03,720 --> 00:14:06,400 Speaker 5: which is like if you're building a building and you 252 00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:11,920 Speaker 5: find a and ancestral remains, they focus on figuring out 253 00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:16,000 Speaker 5: how to handle those remains. That's monitoring. There is groups 254 00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:19,400 Speaker 5: that focus on just doing tongva art and representing us 255 00:14:19,400 --> 00:14:23,440 Speaker 5: within the art community. They all kind of found their niches. 256 00:14:23,880 --> 00:14:26,280 Speaker 5: In my opinion, it's it's a little bit like funny 257 00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:30,800 Speaker 5: because it happens also in federally recognized tribes. But that's 258 00:14:30,880 --> 00:14:33,560 Speaker 5: just kind of what happened with our little with our little. 259 00:14:33,320 --> 00:14:36,000 Speaker 4: Group, and our current status is one day we would 260 00:14:36,040 --> 00:14:39,800 Speaker 4: love to be federally recognized for sure. The major benefit 261 00:14:39,840 --> 00:14:42,480 Speaker 4: that I see a federal recognition is that if an 262 00:14:42,480 --> 00:14:47,440 Speaker 4: ancestor is found on our ancestral land, the ancestor has 263 00:14:47,480 --> 00:14:50,520 Speaker 4: to be handed over to a federally recognized tribe. So 264 00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:54,200 Speaker 4: it requires us to have relations with federally recognized tribes 265 00:14:54,200 --> 00:14:58,120 Speaker 4: in the area for our own ancestor, which boggles my brain. 266 00:14:59,040 --> 00:15:01,320 Speaker 4: And so that to is the main reason why we 267 00:15:01,360 --> 00:15:05,000 Speaker 4: want federal recognitions is to ensure that we're properly entering 268 00:15:05,120 --> 00:15:08,600 Speaker 4: our ancestors on our own ancestral land, which right now, 269 00:15:08,720 --> 00:15:10,640 Speaker 4: due to the laws, is prohibitive. 270 00:15:10,960 --> 00:15:12,920 Speaker 5: Yeah, we don't have a lot of rights. We can't 271 00:15:12,960 --> 00:15:16,480 Speaker 5: even gather native plants without a special permit if we're 272 00:15:16,480 --> 00:15:17,680 Speaker 5: not in a federalized tribe. 273 00:15:18,240 --> 00:15:22,920 Speaker 1: And what's that stake for your community and your peoples 274 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:27,840 Speaker 1: if this other group is federally recognized. 275 00:15:27,920 --> 00:15:31,240 Speaker 4: Locally, what is at stake is more rasure. So in 276 00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:34,280 Speaker 4: the Native community, we often speak of lateral oppression where 277 00:15:34,320 --> 00:15:38,680 Speaker 4: one tribe definitely tries to seek or overpower another, or 278 00:15:38,680 --> 00:15:41,360 Speaker 4: a group one group tries to seek or overpower our tribe. 279 00:15:41,360 --> 00:15:44,040 Speaker 4: And so that's what we call lateral oppression, where it's 280 00:15:44,080 --> 00:15:47,720 Speaker 4: trying to keep native against Native harm, which happens more 281 00:15:47,720 --> 00:15:51,520 Speaker 4: often than I wish to say. It happens, so that 282 00:15:51,800 --> 00:15:53,840 Speaker 4: I would say the continue to rasure of our people 283 00:15:53,880 --> 00:15:56,200 Speaker 4: and our tribe, where the tribe that's been here since 284 00:15:56,240 --> 00:15:59,520 Speaker 4: time immemorial because of our relationship with the mission. You know, 285 00:15:59,560 --> 00:16:02,120 Speaker 4: as we start out talking about the history, right, and 286 00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:05,120 Speaker 4: so we have that longitude and that history and the 287 00:16:05,160 --> 00:16:08,120 Speaker 4: government to government relationships, and so to have a new 288 00:16:08,120 --> 00:16:11,120 Speaker 4: group pop up and then take our history and say 289 00:16:11,160 --> 00:16:13,120 Speaker 4: that it's you know, take everything that's ours and say 290 00:16:13,120 --> 00:16:16,840 Speaker 4: that it's theirs, it causes more confusion and more harm. 291 00:16:17,240 --> 00:16:20,760 Speaker 4: And we all know, you know, our people have gone 292 00:16:20,760 --> 00:16:24,800 Speaker 4: through a ton of generational harm that's continued. So we 293 00:16:24,840 --> 00:16:26,600 Speaker 4: really try to focus on what can we do from 294 00:16:26,600 --> 00:16:28,920 Speaker 4: a healing perspective, and how can we move forward in 295 00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:31,320 Speaker 4: a healing in a good way. And we found for 296 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:34,000 Speaker 4: us that focusing on cultural preservation and education is a 297 00:16:34,000 --> 00:16:36,320 Speaker 4: good way to promote healing. It's also a good way 298 00:16:36,320 --> 00:16:39,480 Speaker 4: of promoting visibility to say that we're still here and 299 00:16:39,560 --> 00:16:42,520 Speaker 4: then to also show that we're here in a good way, 300 00:16:42,760 --> 00:16:45,160 Speaker 4: because none of us can go backwards and change what's 301 00:16:45,200 --> 00:16:47,800 Speaker 4: happened to our people, right, but what we can do 302 00:16:47,880 --> 00:16:49,800 Speaker 4: is help to make sure that we're working together in 303 00:16:49,840 --> 00:16:53,200 Speaker 4: a positive way to help promote the right messages of 304 00:16:53,320 --> 00:16:56,560 Speaker 4: healing and then also finding ways to find the visibility. 305 00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:58,640 Speaker 4: You know, think about it. I always like to share 306 00:16:58,680 --> 00:17:03,000 Speaker 4: this in our pre contact what the staple to food 307 00:17:03,080 --> 00:17:07,080 Speaker 4: to us as food was acorns. When we would gather acorns, 308 00:17:07,119 --> 00:17:10,840 Speaker 4: we would gather acorns for the entire village. Today, if 309 00:17:10,880 --> 00:17:13,919 Speaker 4: we had to rely on acorns and gathering for sustenance, 310 00:17:14,560 --> 00:17:17,160 Speaker 4: we would gather only for our own homes. And why 311 00:17:17,160 --> 00:17:18,840 Speaker 4: do I say that, Like, look at what happened with 312 00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:21,840 Speaker 4: COVID and toilet paper, right, people are so focused about 313 00:17:21,880 --> 00:17:24,800 Speaker 4: just their own world, not the community. So I think 314 00:17:24,840 --> 00:17:28,320 Speaker 4: that moving from the idea of a more community centric 315 00:17:28,359 --> 00:17:31,480 Speaker 4: way of living is the right way to go and 316 00:17:31,640 --> 00:17:35,119 Speaker 4: helping to move people into that thought process of thinking 317 00:17:35,119 --> 00:17:38,280 Speaker 4: about others and how do we service one another, because 318 00:17:38,320 --> 00:17:40,360 Speaker 4: that's how we lived pre contact, and I think there's 319 00:17:40,400 --> 00:17:43,119 Speaker 4: a lot of wisdom in that in this time and history. 320 00:17:42,880 --> 00:17:43,560 Speaker 5: Of where we're at. 321 00:17:44,359 --> 00:17:46,200 Speaker 1: We hope you're enjoying this interview. 322 00:17:46,560 --> 00:17:54,639 Speaker 2: Stay tuned, we're back, and we hope you enjoy the 323 00:17:54,680 --> 00:17:57,240 Speaker 2: rest of the interview. Yeah, thank you for that. I 324 00:17:57,280 --> 00:18:01,119 Speaker 2: do think that's a really interesting sort of way of 325 00:18:01,600 --> 00:18:06,560 Speaker 2: painting like there was a very community focused way of 326 00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:12,399 Speaker 2: operating and existing and now in a post colonization, capitalist society, 327 00:18:12,680 --> 00:18:17,600 Speaker 2: we operate very differently. We're very individualistic, single family home 328 00:18:18,240 --> 00:18:21,439 Speaker 2: and like you illustrated with the pandemic, I think we 329 00:18:21,520 --> 00:18:25,639 Speaker 2: learned a lot about resource hoarding and how that works 330 00:18:25,640 --> 00:18:30,399 Speaker 2: in our society. For our listeners who are following the 331 00:18:30,560 --> 00:18:33,800 Speaker 2: history and the conversation as it's being laid out in 332 00:18:33,800 --> 00:18:36,720 Speaker 2: this interview, I want to help tease out a little 333 00:18:36,760 --> 00:18:40,280 Speaker 2: bit for our listeners some of the like we talked 334 00:18:40,280 --> 00:18:43,440 Speaker 2: about before we started recording, like the name and the semantics, 335 00:18:43,640 --> 00:18:47,320 Speaker 2: and how the details are very important here because our 336 00:18:47,359 --> 00:18:50,439 Speaker 2: listeners might be tuning in and thinking. But the names 337 00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:52,880 Speaker 2: of these two of one group and one tribe sound 338 00:18:52,960 --> 00:18:56,760 Speaker 2: very similar. Gabrielino Tongva nation versus San Gabriel Band of 339 00:18:56,840 --> 00:19:00,800 Speaker 2: Mission Indians Gabrielino Tongva. How do we know, Oh, who's 340 00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:03,320 Speaker 2: who and what's what? And this other group? Were they 341 00:19:03,359 --> 00:19:07,440 Speaker 2: originally part of the tribe and they splintered off? Did 342 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:10,320 Speaker 2: they kind of just pop up out of like? Where 343 00:19:10,440 --> 00:19:12,800 Speaker 2: is there like a common root with these two? And 344 00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:15,160 Speaker 2: why are the names so similar between the two. 345 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:17,679 Speaker 4: So the names are so similar because they chose to 346 00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:23,400 Speaker 4: make it similar to cause confusion, is my guess. Our 347 00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:26,520 Speaker 4: history is rooted in the Mission system for all California Indians. 348 00:19:26,560 --> 00:19:28,720 Speaker 4: You can't talk about California Indians and not talk about 349 00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:32,520 Speaker 4: the Mission system. So our tribe definitely is the tribe 350 00:19:32,560 --> 00:19:35,320 Speaker 4: that has been here since time immemorial. What happened in 351 00:19:35,400 --> 00:19:39,160 Speaker 4: nineteen ninety nine was the Indian Gaming Compact, So Pachanga 352 00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:41,040 Speaker 4: went from being a bank bill hall to now this 353 00:19:41,080 --> 00:19:43,440 Speaker 4: fabulous casino and hotel and all of this great many 354 00:19:43,480 --> 00:19:46,720 Speaker 4: great things. You know. That's just an example. And when 355 00:19:46,760 --> 00:19:49,160 Speaker 4: that happened, there were a lot of factions that happened 356 00:19:49,200 --> 00:19:53,040 Speaker 4: within our tribe. And based on those factions that happened, 357 00:19:53,359 --> 00:19:56,159 Speaker 4: as Samantha said, everyone's kind of found their lane. But 358 00:19:56,240 --> 00:19:59,520 Speaker 4: in addition to that, there is a lot of confusion 359 00:19:59,520 --> 00:20:02,000 Speaker 4: about the na and like to add to that just 360 00:20:02,119 --> 00:20:05,919 Speaker 4: for fun conversation, the way that Govulino is spelled is 361 00:20:05,960 --> 00:20:09,280 Speaker 4: often very It can be different, so it can be 362 00:20:09,320 --> 00:20:10,879 Speaker 4: spelled with an E and O at the end or 363 00:20:10,880 --> 00:20:14,879 Speaker 4: an I and O at the end, But we prefer 364 00:20:14,960 --> 00:20:17,240 Speaker 4: the E and O for two reasons. One, that's the 365 00:20:17,240 --> 00:20:20,960 Speaker 4: way it's documented in the church records as well as 366 00:20:21,119 --> 00:20:24,719 Speaker 4: are we have what's called a certified degree of Indian 367 00:20:24,760 --> 00:20:26,920 Speaker 4: Blood where the government gives us a number and a 368 00:20:27,040 --> 00:20:30,440 Speaker 4: name and identifies us as Govilino. It's spelled E and 369 00:20:30,520 --> 00:20:33,120 Speaker 4: O in that documentation, so we stick with the traditional 370 00:20:33,160 --> 00:20:35,520 Speaker 4: way of E and O. That being said, there are 371 00:20:35,520 --> 00:20:37,560 Speaker 4: other groups that have taken I and o as well. 372 00:20:39,200 --> 00:20:41,960 Speaker 4: We know that we're Govulino, you know, and the name 373 00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:45,800 Speaker 4: Goviulino comes from the San Gabriel Church. The word Tongva 374 00:20:46,280 --> 00:20:48,959 Speaker 4: was documented, I want to say back as far as 375 00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:51,960 Speaker 4: like eighteen thirty nine, and that means people of the earth, 376 00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:55,080 Speaker 4: and that's the Native American ward or name for our 377 00:20:55,320 --> 00:20:59,120 Speaker 4: for our tribe. And so you can't get away from 378 00:20:59,119 --> 00:21:00,679 Speaker 4: those two words if you're going to say that you 379 00:21:00,760 --> 00:21:03,399 Speaker 4: are tied to us, right, but then where some of 380 00:21:03,400 --> 00:21:05,960 Speaker 4: the intricacies come are beyond that and what does that 381 00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:08,640 Speaker 4: look like? And you know, for us specifically because we're 382 00:21:08,640 --> 00:21:10,600 Speaker 4: tied to the mission, where the same Gabriel Band. 383 00:21:11,280 --> 00:21:13,520 Speaker 5: I think it's really similar to just kind of spotting 384 00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:18,320 Speaker 5: any scam. I don't want to deny the Native heritage 385 00:21:18,400 --> 00:21:21,000 Speaker 5: or the Tongva heritage from other people from other groups, 386 00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:24,040 Speaker 5: because they did some of them really did originate with 387 00:21:24,200 --> 00:21:27,359 Speaker 5: our original tribal group and so they still do like 388 00:21:27,400 --> 00:21:31,359 Speaker 5: some really good work. So I would say that, you know, 389 00:21:31,440 --> 00:21:34,720 Speaker 5: if if you're unless you're like a big government official 390 00:21:35,080 --> 00:21:39,000 Speaker 5: or you're you're making some really major decisions, you could 391 00:21:39,040 --> 00:21:42,720 Speaker 5: probably respect someone's heritage if that's how they identify. But 392 00:21:43,119 --> 00:21:45,520 Speaker 5: if you need to do stuff that digs a little 393 00:21:45,520 --> 00:21:48,920 Speaker 5: bit deeper, and the person that you're working with starts 394 00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:52,400 Speaker 5: getting really defensive, like just doing the standard like scam 395 00:21:52,480 --> 00:21:56,560 Speaker 5: defense thing, then maybe it's time to find someone else 396 00:21:56,600 --> 00:21:57,359 Speaker 5: in the community. 397 00:21:57,800 --> 00:21:58,080 Speaker 1: Yeah. 398 00:21:58,160 --> 00:22:00,320 Speaker 2: I also I think that a lot lot of our 399 00:22:00,359 --> 00:22:04,920 Speaker 2: listeners are LATINX like and we definitely identify as Latina's right. 400 00:22:05,040 --> 00:22:08,359 Speaker 2: And I think in the Latini God conversation, there's a 401 00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:10,800 Speaker 2: lot of like, well what is it? Is it culture? 402 00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:13,760 Speaker 2: Is it language? Like what does it mean to be 403 00:22:13,960 --> 00:22:18,959 Speaker 2: Latino LATINX. If you have one parent who's from Latin America, 404 00:22:19,080 --> 00:22:21,879 Speaker 2: then you can identify as Latino. If you have like 405 00:22:22,040 --> 00:22:25,080 Speaker 2: a grandparent who's from Mexico, you know, then you have 406 00:22:25,119 --> 00:22:29,360 Speaker 2: a Mexican grandparent. And I think that there's a very 407 00:22:29,400 --> 00:22:36,200 Speaker 2: different way of constructing an understanding indigenous identity versus Latino identity, 408 00:22:36,359 --> 00:22:39,960 Speaker 2: right because somebody might be listening and thinking, well, if 409 00:22:40,160 --> 00:22:43,240 Speaker 2: this other group has some Native blood, then what's the problem. 410 00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:49,280 Speaker 2: But the way that Native identity and formal recognition is 411 00:22:49,320 --> 00:22:53,000 Speaker 2: figured out is not the same as it like other 412 00:22:53,080 --> 00:22:53,840 Speaker 2: people groups. 413 00:22:53,880 --> 00:22:57,720 Speaker 5: You hit it right on the head because with that, 414 00:22:58,240 --> 00:23:01,479 Speaker 5: that's what's so messed up about how federal recognition and 415 00:23:01,560 --> 00:23:05,439 Speaker 5: tribal identity works in this country is that there's not 416 00:23:05,600 --> 00:23:09,920 Speaker 5: really any other race. Well, I identify as Afro Indigenous, 417 00:23:10,800 --> 00:23:15,560 Speaker 5: and so I. In my opinion, there's not really any 418 00:23:15,560 --> 00:23:17,800 Speaker 5: other race except for when they were doing things like 419 00:23:17,880 --> 00:23:20,200 Speaker 5: towards black people, and like the Chinese Exclusion Act. They're 420 00:23:20,240 --> 00:23:22,479 Speaker 5: still kind of doing that to Native people, where like 421 00:23:22,600 --> 00:23:24,719 Speaker 5: we have to have a certain amount of blood, we 422 00:23:24,800 --> 00:23:27,040 Speaker 5: have to have a certain heritage, and then we get 423 00:23:27,040 --> 00:23:29,400 Speaker 5: these benefits. We get these special benefits that no one 424 00:23:29,400 --> 00:23:33,080 Speaker 5: else gets because of our specialness as native people. And 425 00:23:33,359 --> 00:23:36,760 Speaker 5: what we want as like a special specialness as native people. 426 00:23:36,800 --> 00:23:39,919 Speaker 5: In my personal opinion and my personal passion is we 427 00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:42,040 Speaker 5: just want land back. We want land back so that 428 00:23:42,080 --> 00:23:44,679 Speaker 5: way we can practice our food sovereignty, practice our culture, 429 00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:47,560 Speaker 5: practice our language, and mostly be left alone. That's the 430 00:23:47,600 --> 00:23:51,080 Speaker 5: benefits that I feel like a lot of tribal people want. 431 00:23:51,840 --> 00:23:56,359 Speaker 5: And the casinos became an issue because we became like 432 00:23:56,400 --> 00:23:58,200 Speaker 5: there's this analogy of we became these crabs in a 433 00:23:58,240 --> 00:24:00,840 Speaker 5: bucket where you know, if we all together, we could 434 00:24:00,880 --> 00:24:03,280 Speaker 5: all leave the bucket. But because every crab is trying 435 00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:05,600 Speaker 5: to pull the other crab down, we're just constantly fighting 436 00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:08,520 Speaker 5: each other. And so it created this extra form of 437 00:24:08,560 --> 00:24:11,919 Speaker 5: conflict that I don't think is seen in other cultural identities. 438 00:24:11,960 --> 00:24:13,959 Speaker 5: And that's part of the reason why it's so touchy. 439 00:24:14,800 --> 00:24:17,639 Speaker 2: Yeah, I want to read from your website, you know, 440 00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:20,520 Speaker 2: like the way I my understanding and correct me if 441 00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:23,480 Speaker 2: I'm wrong, but the way that someone is basically counted 442 00:24:24,200 --> 00:24:27,520 Speaker 2: as like a formally recognized Indigenous person, like there's like 443 00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:30,879 Speaker 2: records and documentation, and the same is not true really 444 00:24:30,920 --> 00:24:34,080 Speaker 2: for other people groups. So from your website, all enrolled 445 00:24:34,119 --> 00:24:37,520 Speaker 2: Tribal citizens SLASH members have direct lineages from historics and 446 00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:42,120 Speaker 2: gabral Band of Mission Indians Gabrilino, verified by certified genealogists 447 00:24:42,119 --> 00:24:46,919 Speaker 2: and church records as directed SGBMI Indian lineal descendants on 448 00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:50,119 Speaker 2: the California Judgment Fund rolls of nineteen fifty three and 449 00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:53,320 Speaker 2: nineteen seventy two, and or have certificates of degree of 450 00:24:53,359 --> 00:24:57,720 Speaker 2: Indian Blood issued by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Right, 451 00:24:57,760 --> 00:25:00,160 Speaker 2: So native identity is very complicated because it's all also 452 00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:03,240 Speaker 2: wrapped up in government recognition exactly. 453 00:25:03,640 --> 00:25:04,760 Speaker 5: It's a cluster, isn't it. 454 00:25:05,880 --> 00:25:07,320 Speaker 4: And it's colonization it worked. 455 00:25:08,280 --> 00:25:11,320 Speaker 5: Can I swear on this podcast it's a cluster? 456 00:25:11,359 --> 00:25:11,560 Speaker 4: Fun? 457 00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:15,000 Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, And so I you know, I bring this 458 00:25:15,080 --> 00:25:17,280 Speaker 2: up because I think this maybe helps our listeners to 459 00:25:17,320 --> 00:25:21,000 Speaker 2: sort of like contextualize the issue that you guys are 460 00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:21,920 Speaker 2: waiting through here. 461 00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:25,920 Speaker 4: Yeah, and with certified degrees of Indian blood, it then 462 00:25:26,160 --> 00:25:29,199 Speaker 4: that in itself could be a whole podcast because you 463 00:25:29,240 --> 00:25:32,200 Speaker 4: have two different parts there. You have certain people that say, 464 00:25:32,280 --> 00:25:34,879 Speaker 4: I'm numbered and so that makes me the equivalent of 465 00:25:34,960 --> 00:25:38,040 Speaker 4: like a purebred dog or a racehorse, and I don't 466 00:25:38,040 --> 00:25:40,000 Speaker 4: want to be numbered, but that's what the government does. 467 00:25:40,960 --> 00:25:43,040 Speaker 4: You have certain people that say, because you have a 468 00:25:43,040 --> 00:25:46,440 Speaker 4: CDI B, it makes you a legit Indian. And then 469 00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:49,320 Speaker 4: you have other people, which this is more newer as 470 00:25:49,359 --> 00:25:52,119 Speaker 4: of this year. I've heard it that just because you 471 00:25:52,160 --> 00:25:54,120 Speaker 4: have a CD I B it doesn't mean anything. 472 00:25:54,359 --> 00:25:56,359 Speaker 5: It's just I don't know, it's it's a it's growth 473 00:25:56,440 --> 00:25:59,679 Speaker 5: on top of more racism and systemization, because if you 474 00:25:59,680 --> 00:26:03,520 Speaker 5: look at the history of degrees of Indian blood, there 475 00:26:03,600 --> 00:26:07,480 Speaker 5: are plenty of examples where it benefited you because you 476 00:26:07,520 --> 00:26:10,200 Speaker 5: were Indian enough, and there were issues where things were 477 00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:13,520 Speaker 5: taken away because you were too Indian, and so it's 478 00:26:13,680 --> 00:26:17,480 Speaker 5: just this I think it's racism still at work personally, 479 00:26:17,920 --> 00:26:20,960 Speaker 5: but I also think that because of the way that 480 00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:24,320 Speaker 5: we've experienced genocide as a tribe. We've experienced three waves 481 00:26:24,359 --> 00:26:27,680 Speaker 5: of genocide personally, and a lot of tribes in America 482 00:26:27,720 --> 00:26:31,320 Speaker 5: have experienced some form of genocide, and so that documentation 483 00:26:32,040 --> 00:26:36,360 Speaker 5: has been warped just like everything else, to promote a genocide. 484 00:26:36,520 --> 00:26:38,920 Speaker 1: Thank you for giving all of that context. I think 485 00:26:38,920 --> 00:26:43,480 Speaker 1: it's so helpful for listeners, especially outside of LA and 486 00:26:43,480 --> 00:26:46,639 Speaker 1: outside of California. And one of the things we also 487 00:26:46,680 --> 00:26:48,360 Speaker 1: wanted to talk to you all about is the use 488 00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:51,159 Speaker 1: of white sage, because I don't know if you know this, 489 00:26:51,359 --> 00:26:55,920 Speaker 1: but Latinas and Chicanas love to use white sage, yes, 490 00:26:56,600 --> 00:26:59,160 Speaker 1: and there are ethical ways to consume it, and there's 491 00:26:59,240 --> 00:27:03,440 Speaker 1: also harmful ways to consume it, and it's being poached, 492 00:27:03,480 --> 00:27:06,359 Speaker 1: like you mentioned, So we want to hear more about 493 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:09,560 Speaker 1: that and how can people, if possible, even to ethically 494 00:27:09,600 --> 00:27:13,080 Speaker 1: consume it, and let's just have that conversation here. 495 00:27:13,680 --> 00:27:16,879 Speaker 5: Yeah. So I would say that the cultural appropriation that 496 00:27:16,920 --> 00:27:20,480 Speaker 5: we experience as tongue of people is not necessarily like 497 00:27:20,520 --> 00:27:23,120 Speaker 5: in Halloween costumes. I mean, like fuck the Halloween costumes also, 498 00:27:23,320 --> 00:27:27,280 Speaker 5: but they're usually more directed towards like plain Indian culture. 499 00:27:27,720 --> 00:27:31,480 Speaker 5: For us, our cultural appropriation, the main harm is in 500 00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:34,879 Speaker 5: the inappropriate use of white sage and also abalone shells 501 00:27:34,880 --> 00:27:37,879 Speaker 5: and hawk feathers along with that. So all three of 502 00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:40,560 Speaker 5: these items are currently being poached from the wild from 503 00:27:40,600 --> 00:27:46,159 Speaker 5: coyotes or people who are being exploited by coyotes, and 504 00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:49,959 Speaker 5: so right now it's really problematic because the migrant workers 505 00:27:50,000 --> 00:27:52,119 Speaker 5: who don't really know any better are the ones that 506 00:27:52,160 --> 00:27:55,320 Speaker 5: are getting in trouble for poaching white sage, when really 507 00:27:55,400 --> 00:27:59,880 Speaker 5: it's like these big wholesalers who are exploiting these micro 508 00:28:00,119 --> 00:28:03,199 Speaker 5: workers and basically screwing them over so they could make 509 00:28:03,240 --> 00:28:05,600 Speaker 5: a lot of money off of a poached plant. And 510 00:28:05,680 --> 00:28:08,520 Speaker 5: a couple of years ago, we received three hundred pounds 511 00:28:08,600 --> 00:28:11,600 Speaker 5: poached from Edewanda Preserve and I thought it was going 512 00:28:11,640 --> 00:28:13,960 Speaker 5: to be this big, beautiful gift. I was really excited, 513 00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:16,439 Speaker 5: but then when we got it, it was it was 514 00:28:16,520 --> 00:28:19,560 Speaker 5: like sad. It was really sad. It was like it 515 00:28:19,640 --> 00:28:21,679 Speaker 5: was like expecting to adopt a dog and just like 516 00:28:21,800 --> 00:28:24,000 Speaker 5: the saddest, most abused dog like showed up on your 517 00:28:24,040 --> 00:28:25,640 Speaker 5: doorstep and you were like, oh my gosh, who did 518 00:28:25,640 --> 00:28:27,800 Speaker 5: this to you? Baby? Like, Because for us, our plants 519 00:28:27,840 --> 00:28:29,880 Speaker 5: are our relatives, like we love them the same way 520 00:28:29,880 --> 00:28:32,880 Speaker 5: we love our family. Members and so to see that 521 00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:37,359 Speaker 5: was really devastating, and so now we tried to spread 522 00:28:37,400 --> 00:28:39,600 Speaker 5: the words. So I actually brought some little Regarlitos for 523 00:28:39,640 --> 00:28:42,240 Speaker 5: you guys, thank you. I brought a little packet of 524 00:28:42,280 --> 00:28:46,680 Speaker 5: stickers that say protect white Sage, and so we like 525 00:28:46,720 --> 00:28:48,120 Speaker 5: to have people, you know, put those on their water 526 00:28:48,160 --> 00:28:50,080 Speaker 5: bottle and spread the word. And then we also I 527 00:28:50,120 --> 00:28:52,480 Speaker 5: have some like little stickers of native plants that I. 528 00:28:52,560 --> 00:28:53,280 Speaker 2: Hear so much. 529 00:28:53,360 --> 00:28:55,400 Speaker 5: Oh those are beautiful, which just fun. And then my 530 00:28:55,520 --> 00:28:57,680 Speaker 5: last thing was just these little bundles of white sage. 531 00:28:57,720 --> 00:29:01,240 Speaker 5: So these are like probably a third of the size 532 00:29:01,240 --> 00:29:03,479 Speaker 5: that you would see in stores. Right, They're really tiny, 533 00:29:03,960 --> 00:29:06,280 Speaker 5: and that's because we grew them at home and we 534 00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:08,640 Speaker 5: wrap them ourselves with our care, and that's that's where 535 00:29:08,680 --> 00:29:10,560 Speaker 5: the blessing comes from. And so I wanted to bring 536 00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:12,360 Speaker 5: those as a gift to you know, thank you for 537 00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:14,760 Speaker 5: having us on the podcast where gift givers as a culture, 538 00:29:15,600 --> 00:29:17,840 Speaker 5: but also to just so it shows an example what 539 00:29:17,880 --> 00:29:21,360 Speaker 5: like the real homemade stuff like grows like because here 540 00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:24,400 Speaker 5: in southern California and if you're in like the desert area, 541 00:29:24,560 --> 00:29:27,800 Speaker 5: like you could probably grow white sage really successfully if 542 00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:29,960 Speaker 5: you're in like a hot climate like we are here. 543 00:29:30,560 --> 00:29:33,960 Speaker 5: In fact, white sage grows natively almost in the entire 544 00:29:34,120 --> 00:29:36,600 Speaker 5: La County basin, and I would love for more people 545 00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:38,680 Speaker 5: to grow white sage. We always joke that we want 546 00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:41,040 Speaker 5: like white sage to be like like where lemon trees are. 547 00:29:41,080 --> 00:29:43,320 Speaker 5: Like everyone's got a lemon tree. Everyone needs to have 548 00:29:43,360 --> 00:29:46,120 Speaker 5: a white sage plant. Yeah, Mona has two in her 549 00:29:46,240 --> 00:29:48,720 Speaker 5: in her yard and we do. 550 00:29:48,840 --> 00:29:51,080 Speaker 4: And this is what I would say. We hope that 551 00:29:51,120 --> 00:29:53,480 Speaker 4: everyone grows their own. When you asked about how to 552 00:29:53,480 --> 00:29:55,840 Speaker 4: get white sage, we also hope that when you grow 553 00:29:55,840 --> 00:29:58,680 Speaker 4: your own, you gift it to other people because of 554 00:29:58,800 --> 00:30:01,480 Speaker 4: the thought that it's gift from Mother nature. And at 555 00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:03,920 Speaker 4: the point that currency is exchanged for it, it loses 556 00:30:03,960 --> 00:30:06,560 Speaker 4: its ability to give you a blessing. So it's something 557 00:30:06,600 --> 00:30:08,400 Speaker 4: that imagine like going back to the thought of a 558 00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:11,160 Speaker 4: community and we have everybody that's gifting each other white sage. 559 00:30:11,160 --> 00:30:12,160 Speaker 4: How beautiful that would be. 560 00:30:12,280 --> 00:30:12,440 Speaker 1: Right. 561 00:30:12,640 --> 00:30:15,280 Speaker 5: Actually, you can get the seeds right now, just like 562 00:30:15,600 --> 00:30:17,600 Speaker 5: wherever you see white seede, right, I mean, please don't 563 00:30:17,600 --> 00:30:19,080 Speaker 5: gather from the wild. I would prefer if you didn't 564 00:30:19,080 --> 00:30:21,120 Speaker 5: gather from the wild, but a lot of places I 565 00:30:21,120 --> 00:30:23,640 Speaker 5: see it in people's yards all the time. This is 566 00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:25,800 Speaker 5: actually the time to gather the seed right now is 567 00:30:25,840 --> 00:30:30,440 Speaker 5: like late July through August. So I'll tell you a 568 00:30:30,480 --> 00:30:33,040 Speaker 5: secret about the seed pods, because there's there's way more 569 00:30:33,080 --> 00:30:35,040 Speaker 5: medicine and white stage than just burning it. But I 570 00:30:35,080 --> 00:30:37,440 Speaker 5: don't really tell people that medicine unless they're growing it. 571 00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:39,920 Speaker 5: But I will tell everyone how to collect the seed 572 00:30:39,960 --> 00:30:43,520 Speaker 5: because right now it's ready. So the flower stocks are 573 00:30:43,520 --> 00:30:45,040 Speaker 5: going to dry up and they're going to look dead, 574 00:30:45,480 --> 00:30:46,959 Speaker 5: and then when you shake them, you're going to hear 575 00:30:46,960 --> 00:30:49,000 Speaker 5: a rattle and that's all the seeds inside. So you 576 00:30:49,000 --> 00:30:50,720 Speaker 5: can take one of those stocks, you can snap it 577 00:30:50,800 --> 00:30:53,440 Speaker 5: right off. It's ready for it to leave the plant, 578 00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:55,200 Speaker 5: and you just shake it. You can shake it like 579 00:30:55,240 --> 00:30:58,200 Speaker 5: into a little plastic container or whatever, and you'll have 580 00:30:58,240 --> 00:31:01,400 Speaker 5: little brown seeds that come up and you can plant 581 00:31:01,440 --> 00:31:04,880 Speaker 5: those directly into the soil. I've heard of people having 582 00:31:04,960 --> 00:31:08,560 Speaker 5: success with putting a little liquid smoke or burning a 583 00:31:08,560 --> 00:31:10,880 Speaker 5: little bit on top of it and then like extinguishing 584 00:31:10,920 --> 00:31:13,040 Speaker 5: the fire, so just like a really really tiny fire 585 00:31:13,360 --> 00:31:15,640 Speaker 5: for like maybe ten seconds and extinguishing it. I did 586 00:31:15,640 --> 00:31:19,560 Speaker 5: that once and it was it worked pretty well, and 587 00:31:19,800 --> 00:31:22,160 Speaker 5: so there's different ways of planting it. It's not always 588 00:31:22,200 --> 00:31:24,160 Speaker 5: going to come up, but it's something that can be 589 00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:26,280 Speaker 5: worked on. And then if you have it, if you 590 00:31:26,280 --> 00:31:28,360 Speaker 5: get it too wet, it will get moldy, so you 591 00:31:28,400 --> 00:31:30,880 Speaker 5: can't really have it like right next to your lawn sprinkler. 592 00:31:31,240 --> 00:31:33,400 Speaker 5: But maybe that's just an opportunity to kill your lawn 593 00:31:33,400 --> 00:31:35,640 Speaker 5: and plant more natives. That's what I usually tell people. 594 00:31:36,760 --> 00:31:39,000 Speaker 5: But it's time, This is the seeding time, and so 595 00:31:39,080 --> 00:31:40,840 Speaker 5: you can gather the seeds right now and you can 596 00:31:40,960 --> 00:31:43,680 Speaker 5: get a free sage plant from like that way. 597 00:31:43,960 --> 00:31:46,560 Speaker 2: So what I'm hearing is we really shouldn't be buying 598 00:31:46,600 --> 00:31:50,960 Speaker 2: white sage at all, not really. And that's really interesting 599 00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:53,120 Speaker 2: because I think everybody wants to know, like, oh, what's 600 00:31:53,400 --> 00:31:56,080 Speaker 2: a less harmful way to buy something? But there's not 601 00:31:56,200 --> 00:31:59,160 Speaker 2: a less harmful buying option here, really. 602 00:31:59,080 --> 00:32:01,360 Speaker 5: Buying the plant and putting it in the ground. You 603 00:32:01,360 --> 00:32:02,960 Speaker 5: can get it from a lot of a lot of 604 00:32:03,040 --> 00:32:06,920 Speaker 5: native plant gardens, theater pain Foundation, a lot of places 605 00:32:07,320 --> 00:32:09,520 Speaker 5: where you can grow it, will have it, and if 606 00:32:09,520 --> 00:32:11,480 Speaker 5: you don't, like if you live in a colder state, 607 00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:15,720 Speaker 5: then I recommend alternatives. There's like hundreds of different stage varieties. 608 00:32:15,760 --> 00:32:19,800 Speaker 5: There's rosemary, there's pine, there's ceedar burn, something else that 609 00:32:19,840 --> 00:32:20,360 Speaker 5: you grow. 610 00:32:22,840 --> 00:32:28,480 Speaker 1: Pos to that's its own conversation in like the Peruvian Amazon, 611 00:32:28,720 --> 00:32:30,280 Speaker 1: it's it's a thing as well. 612 00:32:30,520 --> 00:32:32,760 Speaker 2: And so we're using this word poached, which I feel 613 00:32:32,800 --> 00:32:35,760 Speaker 2: like most listeners probably hear poaching with regards to like 614 00:32:35,840 --> 00:32:39,959 Speaker 2: the animals. Yeah, it's a poaching an egg like style 615 00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:43,840 Speaker 2: of technique. Yes, no, but like poaching like going on 616 00:32:43,920 --> 00:32:48,640 Speaker 2: safari and like poaching rhinos and you know, exotic animals. 617 00:32:48,880 --> 00:32:52,000 Speaker 2: But when we say poaching with regards to white sage, 618 00:32:52,040 --> 00:32:54,400 Speaker 2: what does that mean specifically? 619 00:32:54,960 --> 00:33:00,479 Speaker 5: It's incredibly similar. It's where people are, like people who 620 00:33:00,520 --> 00:33:03,800 Speaker 5: are desperate are exploited to go out and grab as 621 00:33:03,880 --> 00:33:06,920 Speaker 5: much as they can. And so for white sage specifically, 622 00:33:06,960 --> 00:33:09,440 Speaker 5: like if you grow it in your ear ar like 623 00:33:09,480 --> 00:33:11,680 Speaker 5: mona does, like if every spring you can trim it 624 00:33:11,720 --> 00:33:14,760 Speaker 5: back and you will have like two dozen bundles plus 625 00:33:14,800 --> 00:33:17,520 Speaker 5: to give to your friends and family. But what these 626 00:33:17,560 --> 00:33:20,480 Speaker 5: poachers do is they just find whatever is available and 627 00:33:20,520 --> 00:33:22,280 Speaker 5: they cut it all the way down before it has 628 00:33:22,280 --> 00:33:25,880 Speaker 5: a chance to flower or seed. And so sometimes the 629 00:33:25,920 --> 00:33:29,880 Speaker 5: sage grows back. Sometimes it gets crowded out by invasive species. 630 00:33:30,240 --> 00:33:34,920 Speaker 5: Sometimes it's too traumatized to keep growing. And so it's 631 00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:37,560 Speaker 5: abuse of a plant the same way that it's an 632 00:33:37,560 --> 00:33:38,440 Speaker 5: abuse of an animal. 633 00:33:38,560 --> 00:33:41,080 Speaker 4: And it's taking it from a federally usually from a 634 00:33:41,080 --> 00:33:43,560 Speaker 4: federally protected space, or from a space that they did 635 00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:47,680 Speaker 4: not grow it themselves, and then taking harming the plant 636 00:33:47,720 --> 00:33:49,200 Speaker 4: by removing. 637 00:33:48,760 --> 00:33:49,760 Speaker 5: It, and the same thing. 638 00:33:49,880 --> 00:33:53,600 Speaker 1: Oh, and so we're talking about like a corporation or 639 00:33:53,640 --> 00:33:57,320 Speaker 1: like a business. It's hiring workers to then go out 640 00:33:57,360 --> 00:34:00,200 Speaker 1: and do that. That's like the distinction it words, not 641 00:34:00,280 --> 00:34:02,640 Speaker 1: just like individual people. And maybe that does happen right 642 00:34:02,720 --> 00:34:05,280 Speaker 1: going in and like taking some white stage in the wild, 643 00:34:05,600 --> 00:34:09,720 Speaker 1: but it's like companies with the or businesses with the 644 00:34:09,840 --> 00:34:13,640 Speaker 1: intent of exploiting it and selling it for like twenty dollars. 645 00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:16,480 Speaker 5: Yes, exactly, and they will not like claim it, you know, 646 00:34:16,520 --> 00:34:18,840 Speaker 5: they have their networks, of course, but they sell it 647 00:34:18,880 --> 00:34:21,439 Speaker 5: at five below, they sell it at Spencer's, they sell 648 00:34:21,480 --> 00:34:25,920 Speaker 5: it at whole Foods, and they sell it just like 649 00:34:26,040 --> 00:34:28,840 Speaker 5: wholesalers will sell it to small businesses as well. And 650 00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:31,040 Speaker 5: so usually you can ask someone where they get their 651 00:34:31,040 --> 00:34:32,759 Speaker 5: white sage and they'll be like, oh, I don't know. 652 00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:35,360 Speaker 5: Some guy and that's how you know that it was 653 00:34:35,400 --> 00:34:37,960 Speaker 5: probably poached. And the same thing happens with a baloney 654 00:34:38,040 --> 00:34:40,880 Speaker 5: shells and hawk feathers, and so that's why I recommend 655 00:34:40,880 --> 00:34:44,120 Speaker 5: like incense bowls or my friend maybe this really pretty 656 00:34:44,120 --> 00:34:45,960 Speaker 5: little bowl that I actually burned my sage. And I 657 00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:48,480 Speaker 5: don't even use an abaloney shell because I'm aware of 658 00:34:48,520 --> 00:34:50,600 Speaker 5: the poaching as well, even as a tongue of a person. 659 00:34:51,600 --> 00:34:55,160 Speaker 5: And so I think with any natural resource that you grab, 660 00:34:55,239 --> 00:34:57,600 Speaker 5: like shells, that kind of thing, Like it's always good 661 00:34:57,600 --> 00:35:00,000 Speaker 5: to question, like how did this get on this show? 662 00:35:00,719 --> 00:35:01,040 Speaker 1: Yeah? 663 00:35:01,080 --> 00:35:03,560 Speaker 2: And from so folks can actually go to your website 664 00:35:03,600 --> 00:35:06,880 Speaker 2: and I'll have you guys give the website address again. 665 00:35:06,960 --> 00:35:08,800 Speaker 2: But I thought it was in doing research on the 666 00:35:08,840 --> 00:35:11,520 Speaker 2: white stage topic. I thought it was interesting, like, so 667 00:35:11,560 --> 00:35:15,839 Speaker 2: there's not really farms that produce white sage necessary. 668 00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:18,080 Speaker 5: I think there's like two in Mexico and one in 669 00:35:18,239 --> 00:35:19,000 Speaker 5: Washington or something. 670 00:35:19,200 --> 00:35:19,719 Speaker 3: Yeah. 671 00:35:19,800 --> 00:35:22,480 Speaker 2: Yeah, but if it's coming from somewhere in California, it's 672 00:35:22,520 --> 00:35:27,000 Speaker 2: being taken from a southern California wildlife reserve. 673 00:35:27,320 --> 00:35:29,800 Speaker 5: Yeah, and they'll call it wild gathered or like ethically 674 00:35:29,800 --> 00:35:32,160 Speaker 5: wild forge just because they put an ethically in front 675 00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:34,080 Speaker 5: of it. Does not mean that it's ethical. 676 00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:36,360 Speaker 2: Right, and so can you guys give for our listeners 677 00:35:36,800 --> 00:35:38,800 Speaker 2: your tribal website once again so they can come and 678 00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:43,440 Speaker 2: visit learn more about your tribe and the issues around 679 00:35:43,640 --> 00:35:44,720 Speaker 2: the poaching of white sage. 680 00:35:45,239 --> 00:35:49,800 Speaker 4: Yes, it is www dot Gaviolino dash nsn dot us 681 00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:54,160 Speaker 4: and you spell Gavolino ga b r I E l 682 00:35:54,440 --> 00:35:57,080 Speaker 4: e n O amazing. 683 00:35:57,200 --> 00:35:59,560 Speaker 1: Thank you both so much for joining us today. This 684 00:35:59,800 --> 00:36:03,000 Speaker 1: was so informative. It's just so great. Thank you both. 685 00:36:03,160 --> 00:36:03,560 Speaker 4: Thank you. 686 00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:07,479 Speaker 1: Loka to a Radio is executive produced by Viosa Fem 687 00:36:07,680 --> 00:36:08,839 Speaker 1: and Mala Munios. 688 00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:10,960 Speaker 2: Stephanie Franco is our producer. 689 00:36:11,320 --> 00:36:12,799 Speaker 1: Story editing by Me. 690 00:36:13,080 --> 00:36:16,279 Speaker 2: Diosa creative direction by me Mala. Look at a. 691 00:36:16,320 --> 00:36:19,600 Speaker 1: Radio is a part of iHeartRadio's Michael Dura podcast network. 692 00:36:19,840 --> 00:36:21,680 Speaker 2: You can listen to Loka to a Radio on the 693 00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:24,440 Speaker 2: iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. 694 00:36:24,680 --> 00:36:26,880 Speaker 1: Leave us a review and share with your prima or 695 00:36:26,920 --> 00:36:27,880 Speaker 1: share with your homegirl. 696 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:30,520 Speaker 2: And thank you to our local motives, to our listeners 697 00:36:30,520 --> 00:36:32,080 Speaker 2: for tuning in each and every week. 698 00:36:32,200 --> 00:36:36,920 Speaker 1: Desitos Loka l