1 00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:04,080 Speaker 1: Hello, delicious friends, and welcome to Who Did What Now? 2 00:00:04,440 --> 00:00:08,200 Speaker 1: The history podcast That's not your history class with me 3 00:00:08,280 --> 00:00:13,360 Speaker 1: your host Katie Charlewood, history harlot and reader of books 4 00:00:14,280 --> 00:00:18,119 Speaker 1: who is also a complete wimp by the way. So 5 00:00:18,239 --> 00:00:21,439 Speaker 1: it is, you know, October. It is this spooky season, 6 00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:23,160 Speaker 1: which is why, of course we are now doing what 7 00:00:23,239 --> 00:00:25,400 Speaker 1: everyone has been asking me for to do for a 8 00:00:25,480 --> 00:00:26,520 Speaker 1: long time, which. 9 00:00:26,320 --> 00:00:28,800 Speaker 2: Is witches, witches, spooky bitches. 10 00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:31,800 Speaker 1: But it's spooky month, and I thought, you know what, 11 00:00:31,960 --> 00:00:34,839 Speaker 1: I'm going to finally watch all of the horror stuff 12 00:00:35,440 --> 00:00:37,559 Speaker 1: that I haven't I haven't watched yet, you know that 13 00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:40,239 Speaker 1: I haven't caught up on because I'm so behind on 14 00:00:40,680 --> 00:00:44,400 Speaker 1: bloody everything, right, So I was like, I love RHO Coley, 15 00:00:44,440 --> 00:00:46,920 Speaker 1: so I'll start with Midnight Mass. So the plan is, 16 00:00:46,960 --> 00:00:50,520 Speaker 1: I'm going to watch Midnight Mass, follow the House of Usher, 17 00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:52,640 Speaker 1: I'm going to finish follow the House of Ushers. I 18 00:00:52,640 --> 00:00:56,760 Speaker 1: started it, but I didn't finish it. I'm going to 19 00:00:56,880 --> 00:01:00,920 Speaker 1: watch a Haunting of Hill House, Black Manner, so on 20 00:01:01,200 --> 00:01:04,640 Speaker 1: and so forth. So I think I'm on like the 21 00:01:04,680 --> 00:01:10,080 Speaker 1: penultimate episode of Midnight Mass because again big whole Holifan 22 00:01:11,040 --> 00:01:15,640 Speaker 1: accents wobbling places. But pretty solid acting otherwise, you know. 23 00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:17,560 Speaker 2: And so. 24 00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:23,319 Speaker 1: Watching that, and it's nighttime and it's time for me 25 00:01:23,360 --> 00:01:26,520 Speaker 1: to go to bed, and then I have to turn 26 00:01:26,560 --> 00:01:30,200 Speaker 1: off the lights and walk through the house. And as 27 00:01:30,240 --> 00:01:33,640 Speaker 1: I walk up the stairs in that sort of dusky darkness, 28 00:01:34,800 --> 00:01:39,400 Speaker 1: I'm like, do I run up the stairs in order 29 00:01:39,520 --> 00:01:44,440 Speaker 1: to escape the beastis or do I walk in a 30 00:01:44,520 --> 00:01:48,240 Speaker 1: normal pace? So the beast stays don't know that I 31 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:50,800 Speaker 1: know they're there, because you know, at that time of 32 00:01:50,920 --> 00:01:54,160 Speaker 1: night where no matter how rational and reasonable you are, 33 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:54,960 Speaker 1: you're still like. 34 00:01:56,680 --> 00:01:59,279 Speaker 2: Ghosties. They ghostis. 35 00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:03,120 Speaker 1: Because I'm like, yeah, no, a vampire is totally gonna 36 00:02:03,120 --> 00:02:05,360 Speaker 1: come of get me, even though I don't invite anybody 37 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:07,520 Speaker 1: into my house, So how are they going to get in? 38 00:02:07,560 --> 00:02:10,919 Speaker 2: Bitches? But yeah, then be's the. 39 00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:17,280 Speaker 1: Breaks, So it is. It is that, and yes, I 40 00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:19,560 Speaker 1: think I need someone to protect me while I'm watching 41 00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:22,959 Speaker 1: like this spooky stuff. So Nearly up North they are 42 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:25,680 Speaker 1: a podcast and a Facebook group and a bunch of 43 00:02:25,720 --> 00:02:26,480 Speaker 1: other cool stuff. 44 00:02:26,960 --> 00:02:28,440 Speaker 2: They asked me to do like top. 45 00:02:28,240 --> 00:02:31,639 Speaker 1: Five movies that scared you like, and I was like, okay, 46 00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:35,080 Speaker 1: so number one was the others okay, And you might 47 00:02:35,120 --> 00:02:38,920 Speaker 1: be thinking the others that's what scared you. I watched 48 00:02:38,919 --> 00:02:42,480 Speaker 1: it alone in a Victorian house. Do you know what 49 00:02:42,520 --> 00:02:46,560 Speaker 1: it's like walking through a Victorian hallway which is the 50 00:02:46,639 --> 00:02:51,560 Speaker 1: size of a typical bedroom with floors that creak in 51 00:02:51,720 --> 00:02:55,560 Speaker 1: lighting that hasn't been fixed since the nineteen seventies. Let 52 00:02:55,600 --> 00:03:01,160 Speaker 1: me tell you that is not a fun experience. So yeah, 53 00:03:01,280 --> 00:03:02,760 Speaker 1: so that was one of them, so I'm a bit 54 00:03:02,800 --> 00:03:04,920 Speaker 1: of a scared cat. Like the rest of them were typical. 55 00:03:04,960 --> 00:03:08,720 Speaker 1: So like the original Evil Dead, Nightmare on Elm Street, 56 00:03:09,400 --> 00:03:14,840 Speaker 1: Dark Water, the Japanese version, specifically, I wasn't scared of 57 00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:18,440 Speaker 1: the Jennifer Conley version. You No, the Japanese version was 58 00:03:18,639 --> 00:03:24,239 Speaker 1: just no, it's so creepy. And finally, the movie Daylight. 59 00:03:25,080 --> 00:03:28,040 Speaker 1: You may notice none of these movies are new, so 60 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:32,440 Speaker 1: either I haven't watched anything scary or I was just 61 00:03:32,520 --> 00:03:35,520 Speaker 1: easier to scare when I was younger. So the movie 62 00:03:35,600 --> 00:03:38,800 Speaker 1: Daylight isn't actually a horror movie. It's a disaster movie, 63 00:03:39,200 --> 00:03:41,840 Speaker 1: which is like, I don't like disaster movies because I 64 00:03:41,880 --> 00:03:44,680 Speaker 1: don't like the option of not being able to win. 65 00:03:46,000 --> 00:03:49,240 Speaker 1: So Daylight is a movie. As far as I can remember, 66 00:03:49,360 --> 00:03:52,280 Speaker 1: they're like in a tunnel that goes under like water 67 00:03:53,120 --> 00:03:57,360 Speaker 1: and something happens and they have to like escape it, 68 00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:02,880 Speaker 1: so they have to like crawl up through concrete and yeah, 69 00:04:03,080 --> 00:04:05,760 Speaker 1: like one guy breaks his spine and his left to drown. 70 00:04:06,400 --> 00:04:07,160 Speaker 1: It is. 71 00:04:07,480 --> 00:04:08,360 Speaker 2: It is scary. 72 00:04:08,720 --> 00:04:10,840 Speaker 1: I don't like it and it has scared me since 73 00:04:10,840 --> 00:04:14,080 Speaker 1: I was a child. So sorry, Sylvester Stallone, I will 74 00:04:14,080 --> 00:04:16,719 Speaker 1: not be rewatching that movie ever again. 75 00:04:17,120 --> 00:04:17,520 Speaker 2: Okay. 76 00:04:18,760 --> 00:04:21,760 Speaker 1: Oh and before I forget I I was messaged about 77 00:04:21,839 --> 00:04:25,279 Speaker 1: the London show. So this is a completely seated show. 78 00:04:25,839 --> 00:04:27,919 Speaker 1: This is you will have a seat. Okay, there's no 79 00:04:28,200 --> 00:04:31,919 Speaker 1: standing because apparently that's a thing in some places, but no, 80 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:35,520 Speaker 1: it is a seated show. And yeah, over a quarter 81 00:04:35,520 --> 00:04:38,760 Speaker 1: of the tickets are gone now, so you know things 82 00:04:38,960 --> 00:04:40,920 Speaker 1: are picking up speed, like more tickets are being sold 83 00:04:40,920 --> 00:04:43,080 Speaker 1: every day. So if you want to get your ticket, 84 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:46,680 Speaker 1: I suggest you just snap it up quickly. But I 85 00:04:46,760 --> 00:04:49,799 Speaker 1: know what you're thinking. You're thinking, Kerry, quit your jibbil 86 00:04:49,880 --> 00:04:53,479 Speaker 1: jabba in fact me, in fact you I will. But 87 00:04:53,680 --> 00:04:59,360 Speaker 1: first we've got to get our source on. Our sources 88 00:04:59,400 --> 00:05:03,880 Speaker 1: are The Wonderful Discovery of Witches in the Country of 89 00:05:03,960 --> 00:05:09,760 Speaker 1: Lancaster by Thomas Potts, The Story of Witches by Willow 90 00:05:09,760 --> 00:05:15,760 Speaker 1: Wincham Witches, Midwives and Nurses by Barbara Ehin Reich and 91 00:05:15,880 --> 00:05:22,200 Speaker 1: Deirdre English, The Lancashire Witch Conspiracy by John A. Clayton, 92 00:05:24,920 --> 00:05:31,240 Speaker 1: The Pendell Witch Trial by Rachel Hasted, The History of 93 00:05:31,320 --> 00:05:37,960 Speaker 1: Witchcraft by Lewis Martin, The Lancashire Witch Craze Janet Preston 94 00:05:38,040 --> 00:05:44,320 Speaker 1: and the Lancashire Witches by Jonathan Lumbey. Witchcraft in England 95 00:05:44,680 --> 00:05:49,440 Speaker 1: by Barbara Rosen, A Witch Trial That Made History by 96 00:05:49,480 --> 00:05:55,640 Speaker 1: Francis Cronin, The Pendle Witches by Ellen Costello. And of 97 00:05:55,720 --> 00:05:59,839 Speaker 1: course we have Pendle Witches dot Co dot UK and 98 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:06,680 Speaker 1: ye old Favorite History dot com aosiding comfortably good. 99 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:08,640 Speaker 2: Then let's begin. 100 00:06:10,040 --> 00:06:13,599 Speaker 1: In a Lancaster castle. Over four hundred years ago, the 101 00:06:13,720 --> 00:06:16,640 Speaker 1: darkest and deadliest witch trials in the history of England 102 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:22,680 Speaker 1: took place the sixteen twelve trial of the Pendle Witches. Now, 103 00:06:22,720 --> 00:06:25,000 Speaker 1: whch trials were not a new trend in England. There 104 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:27,679 Speaker 1: had been many before and there would be more after. 105 00:06:28,320 --> 00:06:34,560 Speaker 1: But this case had somewhat of an unusual addition, the 106 00:06:34,680 --> 00:06:39,800 Speaker 1: testimony of a child against her family. But before we 107 00:06:39,839 --> 00:06:43,280 Speaker 1: get into that, we need to slip into some context. 108 00:06:44,760 --> 00:06:47,360 Speaker 1: Women being accused of witchcraft and put on trial had 109 00:06:47,360 --> 00:06:51,760 Speaker 1: been accuring for centuries, accused of dancing with the devil 110 00:06:51,839 --> 00:06:58,000 Speaker 1: for everything from perceived slights to accidents to even natural disasters. 111 00:06:58,880 --> 00:07:02,880 Speaker 1: Witch trials predominant took place during the fifteenth and eighteenth 112 00:07:02,920 --> 00:07:07,599 Speaker 1: centuries in Europe and in North America. These societies were 113 00:07:07,800 --> 00:07:11,960 Speaker 1: well patriarchal in nature, with men holding the positions of 114 00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:17,480 Speaker 1: power and you know, in all of the institutions political, legal, 115 00:07:17,840 --> 00:07:23,240 Speaker 1: and of course religious. In these regions where Christianity was 116 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:27,640 Speaker 1: the main religion, the religion of well the people in power. 117 00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:34,800 Speaker 1: Women were seen as subordinate to men. Any display of power, 118 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:39,320 Speaker 1: knowledge or gasp independence was viewed as a threat to 119 00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:43,760 Speaker 1: the established power structures. In addition to religion's role in 120 00:07:43,800 --> 00:07:46,560 Speaker 1: the witch grace that swept through the Western world, and 121 00:07:47,120 --> 00:07:51,600 Speaker 1: it was a big one because as Christianity grew, the 122 00:07:51,680 --> 00:07:55,080 Speaker 1: older religions, the various forms of paganism and the like, 123 00:07:55,880 --> 00:08:02,480 Speaker 1: these become associated with evil and witchcraft. But yes, in 124 00:08:02,520 --> 00:08:07,320 Speaker 1: addition to the role religion played economic and societal changes 125 00:08:07,400 --> 00:08:12,400 Speaker 1: well well, they led to witches being the scapegoats for 126 00:08:12,480 --> 00:08:13,640 Speaker 1: our region's ills. 127 00:08:14,920 --> 00:08:16,560 Speaker 2: Like tim for a little bit of. 128 00:08:16,480 --> 00:08:20,960 Speaker 1: Statia, over eighty percent of the people accused of witchcraft 129 00:08:21,400 --> 00:08:25,320 Speaker 1: were women. Some men and even some children were accused, 130 00:08:25,640 --> 00:08:31,400 Speaker 1: but make no mistake, the majority of those accused were women, 131 00:08:32,720 --> 00:08:38,080 Speaker 1: Women who were accused of challenging societal norms, expressing autonomy, 132 00:08:38,640 --> 00:08:44,319 Speaker 1: or exhibiting traits outside of traditional gender roles. How many 133 00:08:44,360 --> 00:08:46,800 Speaker 1: times do we have to go through this? They're not 134 00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:54,520 Speaker 1: witches the lesbian's harald, See, it was about power and control, 135 00:08:55,200 --> 00:09:00,120 Speaker 1: and like, there's also this connection between female sexuality and witch. 136 00:09:01,200 --> 00:09:07,040 Speaker 1: Women who were sexually liberated or challenged modesty and sexual. 137 00:09:06,600 --> 00:09:09,480 Speaker 2: Behavior like they were. 138 00:09:09,400 --> 00:09:16,000 Speaker 1: Targeted as witches, unlabeled as morally corrupt. Then, of course, 139 00:09:16,200 --> 00:09:22,199 Speaker 1: during times of plague, pestilence, famine, or economic hardship, it 140 00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:28,520 Speaker 1: was often the others of society, marginalized people, in particular 141 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:33,600 Speaker 1: elderly women, those living alone, right, these were often blamed 142 00:09:33,800 --> 00:09:39,760 Speaker 1: for such tragedies. What attacking the vulnerable who have no 143 00:09:39,800 --> 00:09:45,120 Speaker 1: one to help or support them. How strange AnyWho throughout 144 00:09:45,200 --> 00:09:48,520 Speaker 1: history there is like this pattern that occurs. So whenever 145 00:09:48,520 --> 00:09:53,640 Speaker 1: there's a rise in moral conservatism, whenever there's a rise 146 00:09:53,679 --> 00:09:57,719 Speaker 1: in this, there is an application of other ring and 147 00:09:57,880 --> 00:10:02,479 Speaker 1: in this freedom of choice is moved and the marginalized, 148 00:10:02,600 --> 00:10:09,640 Speaker 1: are dehumanized and branded as morally corrupt. This pattern can 149 00:10:09,679 --> 00:10:13,880 Speaker 1: be seen, you know, even up to the modern day 150 00:10:14,080 --> 00:10:19,360 Speaker 1: and the times we are currently living in. AnyWho, in 151 00:10:19,400 --> 00:10:23,400 Speaker 1: another sense, it is a form of victim blaming. By 152 00:10:23,440 --> 00:10:28,240 Speaker 1: placing a blame on witches, it shifts the actual blame, accountability, 153 00:10:28,320 --> 00:10:33,640 Speaker 1: and responsibility from the people in power and unsurprisingly, is 154 00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:39,920 Speaker 1: yet another tool to perpetuate violence against women, to keep 155 00:10:40,160 --> 00:10:45,800 Speaker 1: women down, suppress their voices and fall in line. So 156 00:10:46,160 --> 00:10:49,600 Speaker 1: from the late medieval period to like the early modern period, 157 00:10:49,960 --> 00:10:52,720 Speaker 1: there was a marked increase in witch hunts and of 158 00:10:52,760 --> 00:10:56,520 Speaker 1: course witch trials. This was helped in no small part 159 00:10:56,679 --> 00:11:02,079 Speaker 1: by Pope Innocent the eighth is one of the worst popes, 160 00:11:02,120 --> 00:11:07,080 Speaker 1: and you're thinking, wow, that's an impressive achievement in one way, 161 00:11:07,440 --> 00:11:12,000 Speaker 1: and how well, apart from the fact he was incredibly 162 00:11:12,240 --> 00:11:16,640 Speaker 1: vile and repugnant, he was the very pope who instigated 163 00:11:16,640 --> 00:11:19,400 Speaker 1: the witch hunts which resulted in the slaughter of thousands 164 00:11:19,480 --> 00:11:23,320 Speaker 1: of women, innocent women. But he wasn't the only pope 165 00:11:23,360 --> 00:11:26,960 Speaker 1: involved in this. We also had Pope Gregory the ninth, 166 00:11:27,320 --> 00:11:31,640 Speaker 1: who declared a holy war on cats. Like he issued 167 00:11:31,679 --> 00:11:35,440 Speaker 1: a papal bull that claimed that cats were agents of 168 00:11:35,559 --> 00:11:39,160 Speaker 1: the devil, which fed into the whole. 169 00:11:39,760 --> 00:11:41,560 Speaker 2: You know, black death. 170 00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:45,120 Speaker 1: Which is familiar situation. And another thing that fueled this 171 00:11:45,280 --> 00:11:50,320 Speaker 1: fire was a book published in fourteen eighty six, the 172 00:11:50,360 --> 00:11:56,760 Speaker 1: Mallias Malvacaram. The name translates to the Hammer of the Witches, 173 00:11:57,360 --> 00:12:01,319 Speaker 1: which sounds much less dramatic in English. 174 00:12:01,440 --> 00:12:02,120 Speaker 2: It was a. 175 00:12:02,120 --> 00:12:08,160 Speaker 1: Misogynistic, vitriolic text written by Heinrich Kramer, a Dominican inquisitor 176 00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:13,000 Speaker 1: who decided that he was an authority on witches and witchcraft. 177 00:12:13,960 --> 00:12:14,959 Speaker 2: Now there is. 178 00:12:17,080 --> 00:12:19,880 Speaker 1: The name springer often gets attached to it, but it's 179 00:12:19,920 --> 00:12:24,960 Speaker 1: like years later and there's you know, debate on like 180 00:12:25,240 --> 00:12:29,920 Speaker 1: how much input he actually had in this. So this 181 00:12:30,520 --> 00:12:36,000 Speaker 1: book is split into multiple sections and chapters. And this 182 00:12:36,440 --> 00:12:42,440 Speaker 1: somewhat lengthy text was essentially a witch hunting manual that 183 00:12:42,559 --> 00:12:47,520 Speaker 1: addressed different aspects of witchcraft, including, but not limited to, 184 00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:55,560 Speaker 1: the identifying, prosecuting, and punishing of witches. Right, the manual 185 00:12:55,800 --> 00:13:00,400 Speaker 1: was so thorough that there were so many ways find 186 00:13:00,400 --> 00:13:06,800 Speaker 1: a witch. So many innocent people, mainly women, were killed 187 00:13:06,800 --> 00:13:14,079 Speaker 1: for inconsequential reasons based on a mix of pseudosigns, superstition, misogyny, 188 00:13:14,400 --> 00:13:18,800 Speaker 1: and good old fashioned moral panic. Like one way of 189 00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:24,400 Speaker 1: targeting sort of discovering if someone was a witch was 190 00:13:24,440 --> 00:13:29,040 Speaker 1: because of a physical mark, a birthmark, a scar, or 191 00:13:29,080 --> 00:13:33,920 Speaker 1: a mole. Devil's marks, as they were known, were believed 192 00:13:33,920 --> 00:13:36,920 Speaker 1: to be a sign of a deal with the devil, 193 00:13:37,280 --> 00:13:40,480 Speaker 1: and if pricked with a needle, say, not only would 194 00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:43,880 Speaker 1: the person not feel any pain, but it wouldn't bleed. 195 00:13:44,960 --> 00:13:48,640 Speaker 1: On top of that, there was a belief that witches 196 00:13:49,120 --> 00:13:53,640 Speaker 1: had an extra nipple, a witch's teat that was used 197 00:13:53,640 --> 00:13:59,480 Speaker 1: to feed their familiar so moles, warts, skin tags, all 198 00:13:59,520 --> 00:14:04,480 Speaker 1: of these were labeled as a witch's teat and they 199 00:14:04,480 --> 00:14:09,200 Speaker 1: could be anywhere on a person's body, and typically there 200 00:14:09,240 --> 00:14:17,480 Speaker 1: would be somewhere hidden, right, which meant that an accused witch. Again, 201 00:14:17,800 --> 00:14:22,640 Speaker 1: typically a woman would be subjected to a very intimate 202 00:14:22,680 --> 00:14:26,800 Speaker 1: examination of their body, something that would have been seen 203 00:14:26,960 --> 00:14:33,800 Speaker 1: as incredibly shameful during these eras, right, that's not something 204 00:14:34,400 --> 00:14:39,480 Speaker 1: you did, Like, you didn't show your body to anyone 205 00:14:39,720 --> 00:14:40,920 Speaker 1: like that wasn't a thing. 206 00:14:42,800 --> 00:14:44,680 Speaker 2: And so women are. 207 00:14:44,560 --> 00:14:50,480 Speaker 1: Being subjected to these these inspections, and a lot of 208 00:14:50,520 --> 00:14:55,000 Speaker 1: the time in front of many other people, Like it 209 00:14:55,240 --> 00:15:00,920 Speaker 1: wasn't even like a private affair. This was public or 210 00:15:00,920 --> 00:15:03,680 Speaker 1: not fully public because it wasn't like out in the open, 211 00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:06,600 Speaker 1: but typically it would be done in front of a 212 00:15:06,760 --> 00:15:14,360 Speaker 1: group of men. Powerful powerful men. Midwives women with knowledge 213 00:15:14,400 --> 00:15:19,880 Speaker 1: of childbirth and gasp, female health made them prime suspects 214 00:15:20,600 --> 00:15:25,280 Speaker 1: in England, renowned misogynists and all around dickhead. King Henry 215 00:15:25,320 --> 00:15:27,880 Speaker 1: the Eighth added fuel to the fire when he decreed 216 00:15:27,960 --> 00:15:32,440 Speaker 1: witchcraft to be a felony in fifteen forty two, laws 217 00:15:32,480 --> 00:15:36,280 Speaker 1: that were then hardened with harsher punishment by Queen Elizabeth 218 00:15:36,360 --> 00:15:40,040 Speaker 1: the First in fifteen sixty three and King James the 219 00:15:40,080 --> 00:15:44,560 Speaker 1: First in sixteen oh four. So this was a time 220 00:15:44,600 --> 00:15:50,040 Speaker 1: when England had suffered a political unreligious upheaval thanks to Yes, 221 00:15:50,600 --> 00:15:53,880 Speaker 1: Henry the eight So he splits from the Catholic Church 222 00:15:53,960 --> 00:15:58,000 Speaker 1: because he wanted to bone and ball in. Right, that's 223 00:15:58,560 --> 00:16:01,160 Speaker 1: that's it. He wanted a shagger, so he needed to 224 00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:05,000 Speaker 1: marry her because she was an evangelical Christian, so she 225 00:16:05,160 --> 00:16:09,440 Speaker 1: refused to sleep with someone unless they were married. Okay, 226 00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:16,320 Speaker 1: that's it. So the entire country's religion changed. Those who 227 00:16:16,400 --> 00:16:21,400 Speaker 1: didn't fall in line were often banished or more likely 228 00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:26,560 Speaker 1: executed for heresy if they did not convert the Protestant 229 00:16:26,600 --> 00:16:32,400 Speaker 1: Reformation put a huge focus on purity pety, and something 230 00:16:32,440 --> 00:16:36,480 Speaker 1: that was oft used to attack rivals and discredit individuals 231 00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:44,640 Speaker 1: were accusations of witchcraft. This was solidified by King James 232 00:16:44,720 --> 00:16:48,640 Speaker 1: the sixth of Scotland, first of England's three part book 233 00:16:48,960 --> 00:16:55,640 Speaker 1: three part Book on Witches Demonology in fifteen ninety seven. 234 00:16:56,600 --> 00:17:00,680 Speaker 1: I don't know, sidebar how well someone can be running 235 00:17:00,720 --> 00:17:03,800 Speaker 1: a country if they have the time to write a 236 00:17:03,920 --> 00:17:08,119 Speaker 1: three part manual about witches and produce their own Holy 237 00:17:08,160 --> 00:17:14,199 Speaker 1: Bible fan fiction. So James is sixteen oh four witchcraft 238 00:17:14,280 --> 00:17:20,280 Speaker 1: actors passed and it remained a felony crime until seventeen 239 00:17:20,359 --> 00:17:27,200 Speaker 1: thirty six. Seventeen thirty six, witchcraft is a felony crime. 240 00:17:27,480 --> 00:17:30,280 Speaker 1: Now it doesn't disappear as a crime. 241 00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:30,920 Speaker 2: It's still there. 242 00:17:31,280 --> 00:17:36,120 Speaker 1: It's just not a felony anymore. Shockenly enough, this led 243 00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:41,320 Speaker 1: to intense witch hunting across England and Scotland. And another 244 00:17:41,359 --> 00:17:47,000 Speaker 1: thing about this political upheaval. So the last Catholic monarch 245 00:17:47,600 --> 00:17:50,200 Speaker 1: was Mary the First, and she's often referred to as 246 00:17:50,320 --> 00:17:53,919 Speaker 1: Bloody Mary, even though like see when it came to 247 00:17:54,080 --> 00:17:57,520 Speaker 1: like executions and whatnot, Even if you take it by 248 00:17:57,680 --> 00:18:01,159 Speaker 1: like time and you you know, compare to Henry the 249 00:18:01,200 --> 00:18:09,000 Speaker 1: eighth Edward Elizabeth the first James, she killed even percentage 250 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:15,000 Speaker 1: wise based on like era timeframe, she killed much less 251 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:18,239 Speaker 1: people and she actually established a lot of things that 252 00:18:18,280 --> 00:18:22,000 Speaker 1: Elizabeth takes credit for. And she was demonized for being 253 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:27,480 Speaker 1: a Catholic and the active succession was changed to ensure 254 00:18:27,520 --> 00:18:32,040 Speaker 1: that no Catholics took the throne. So being Protestant is 255 00:18:32,480 --> 00:18:38,240 Speaker 1: super super important in this era, which brings me to Lancashire. 256 00:18:39,320 --> 00:18:42,760 Speaker 1: So Lancashire and England had managed to remain a Catholic 257 00:18:42,840 --> 00:18:47,280 Speaker 1: stronghold after the Protestant Reformation, and so this made a 258 00:18:47,320 --> 00:18:52,399 Speaker 1: target for accusations of heresy and witchcraft. And at the 259 00:18:52,400 --> 00:18:56,320 Speaker 1: start of the seventeenth century, like the area around Pendle 260 00:18:56,440 --> 00:19:00,240 Speaker 1: Hill was, I mean, it's rural, okay, there is a hell, 261 00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:05,440 Speaker 1: and it's got a hill, a prominent hill, and it's 262 00:19:05,920 --> 00:19:09,840 Speaker 1: agricultural in nature. So you've got woods, you've got hills, 263 00:19:10,480 --> 00:19:15,640 Speaker 1: you have moorors, so you've got fields which have crops 264 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:20,760 Speaker 1: or livestock those who could grow out with that. Again, 265 00:19:20,800 --> 00:19:25,600 Speaker 1: you have wooded valleys, you've got morors, and it is 266 00:19:25,880 --> 00:19:34,199 Speaker 1: very much reliant on you know, agriculture, on the weather, 267 00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:37,520 Speaker 1: on ensuring that your landlord isn't going to kick you 268 00:19:37,600 --> 00:19:40,600 Speaker 1: from the area that you're farming on because you might 269 00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:45,240 Speaker 1: not own that because typically most of the area was 270 00:19:45,280 --> 00:19:50,920 Speaker 1: owned by a wealthy landowner. So small communities will smatter 271 00:19:51,040 --> 00:19:55,320 Speaker 1: around right, mainly tenant farmers letting from the wealthy landlords 272 00:19:55,800 --> 00:19:58,439 Speaker 1: who had both wealth and influence. 273 00:19:59,359 --> 00:20:02,320 Speaker 2: And in these rural areas you'd. 274 00:20:02,080 --> 00:20:04,840 Speaker 1: Find that people would hold on to their folklore more 275 00:20:05,440 --> 00:20:09,520 Speaker 1: now we say that is if that's ridiculous now, but 276 00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:14,920 Speaker 1: we still do that. We still hold on to superstitions. 277 00:20:15,800 --> 00:20:18,960 Speaker 1: Black cats are good or bad luck, depending on which 278 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:22,639 Speaker 1: side of the Atlantic you're on. Sometimes you'll throw salt 279 00:20:22,680 --> 00:20:25,359 Speaker 1: over your left shoulder if you spill it, if you 280 00:20:25,440 --> 00:20:27,720 Speaker 1: break a mirror, you're worried you're gonna get seven years 281 00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:32,520 Speaker 1: bad luck. Mad pies one for sorrow, two for joy, right, 282 00:20:32,720 --> 00:20:34,920 Speaker 1: three for girl, four for wi, five for silver, six 283 00:20:34,960 --> 00:20:38,000 Speaker 1: for gold, seven for a secret level to be told. 284 00:20:38,920 --> 00:20:40,800 Speaker 1: I think that's another version where there's like it goes 285 00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:44,680 Speaker 1: up to nine. I don't remember that one. Like people 286 00:20:44,760 --> 00:20:48,960 Speaker 1: are afraid to tempt fate and they knock on wood. 287 00:20:49,760 --> 00:20:53,440 Speaker 1: Hold our breath as we go over bridges like we 288 00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:57,280 Speaker 1: hold on to these these old traditions and civil stitions. 289 00:20:57,680 --> 00:20:59,520 Speaker 1: I'm not gonna walk on a line or a crack 290 00:20:59,640 --> 00:21:05,520 Speaker 1: and all that jazz. Old habits die hard, and in 291 00:21:05,560 --> 00:21:10,320 Speaker 1: regions like this you'll find a greater connection to folklore 292 00:21:10,720 --> 00:21:14,840 Speaker 1: and the supernatural, and of course the idea of the 293 00:21:14,960 --> 00:21:20,800 Speaker 1: cunning folk healers and the like. Then, of course we 294 00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:27,800 Speaker 1: have politics, judges and magistrates, males and local authorities. They 295 00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:34,000 Speaker 1: have great influence over the growth and spread of witch trials. 296 00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:39,840 Speaker 1: An aspiring politician may use their own personal interpretation of 297 00:21:40,359 --> 00:21:44,600 Speaker 1: law and religion to determine who an enemy was and 298 00:21:44,680 --> 00:21:50,080 Speaker 1: what crime they had committed. This would create us versus 299 00:21:50,119 --> 00:21:55,560 Speaker 1: them scenario, a common enemy, someone to be protected from, 300 00:21:55,920 --> 00:21:59,640 Speaker 1: and of course such a politician would be labeled a 301 00:21:59,680 --> 00:22:05,600 Speaker 1: pret a hero even speaking out against an invented enemy 302 00:22:06,240 --> 00:22:13,600 Speaker 1: h This fuels their political aspirations and perpetuates the villainizing 303 00:22:13,800 --> 00:22:19,680 Speaker 1: of those deemed illegals I'm sorry, I mean witches. It's 304 00:22:19,760 --> 00:22:25,879 Speaker 1: fire for their political fuel. Politicians like well, magistrates like 305 00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:32,280 Speaker 1: Roger Knowle, who spearheaded the Pendul witch trial investigations and 306 00:22:32,400 --> 00:22:37,560 Speaker 1: weirdly enough, was the prosecutor at the pendul witch trials. 307 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:45,359 Speaker 1: So we have a group of people to talk about today. 308 00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:50,200 Speaker 1: The primary agent of the devil, according to Thomas Potts, 309 00:22:50,320 --> 00:22:54,240 Speaker 1: the primary source of this. Oh that man was so 310 00:22:54,280 --> 00:22:57,560 Speaker 1: excited to talk about this witch trial. But yes, so 311 00:22:57,680 --> 00:23:02,000 Speaker 1: according to him, the edies something year old Elizabeth's southerns 312 00:23:02,520 --> 00:23:07,159 Speaker 1: also known as Demdike, the primary agent of the devil. 313 00:23:08,920 --> 00:23:13,480 Speaker 1: So Dendyke had lived in the Pendle Forest and practiced 314 00:23:13,520 --> 00:23:18,159 Speaker 1: witchcraft for over fifty years, and worse still, allegedly is 315 00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:23,400 Speaker 1: raised her children and crown children in the ways of witchcraft. 316 00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:28,600 Speaker 1: Being a major witch. Anyone who wronged her, crossed her 317 00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:33,160 Speaker 1: in any way, even a minor infraction, they. 318 00:23:33,040 --> 00:23:34,960 Speaker 2: Would suffer her wrath. 319 00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:42,679 Speaker 1: So you have Elizabeth southerns Demdike, her daughter Elizabeth Device, 320 00:23:43,720 --> 00:23:50,320 Speaker 1: and then Demdyke's grandchildren, James and Alison Device. Then we've 321 00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:55,240 Speaker 1: got Alice Nutter. Any fan of Good Omens will have 322 00:23:56,080 --> 00:24:01,159 Speaker 1: heard that name might sound familiar, So in Good Omens 323 00:24:01,200 --> 00:24:05,120 Speaker 1: she's called Agnes Nuttle. She's the inspiration for the character, 324 00:24:06,880 --> 00:24:09,320 Speaker 1: probably because they heard the name once and went, hum, 325 00:24:09,800 --> 00:24:14,680 Speaker 1: that sounds like a good Then we have Anne Whittle, 326 00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:20,399 Speaker 1: also known as Chattis. There's going to be nicknames in 327 00:24:20,480 --> 00:24:24,959 Speaker 1: this I should warn you. So Anne Whittle, her daughter 328 00:24:25,440 --> 00:24:31,200 Speaker 1: Anne Redvelm, and you've got Catherine Hewitt, Janet Preston, Alice Gray, 329 00:24:32,280 --> 00:24:38,560 Speaker 1: Janet Bullcock and Jane's son John. So you've got this 330 00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:43,760 Speaker 1: group of people, And how how did all of them 331 00:24:44,119 --> 00:24:48,720 Speaker 1: become accused of witchcraft? Well, I'm glad you asked, because 332 00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:52,160 Speaker 1: I'll tell you it. All starts in March of sixteen 333 00:24:52,240 --> 00:24:56,120 Speaker 1: twelve and Alison Device is traveling along the road near 334 00:24:56,200 --> 00:25:00,520 Speaker 1: Kolne in Lancashire, where she comes across a peddlar called 335 00:25:00,600 --> 00:25:05,959 Speaker 1: John Law. John Law's a pedler, he pedals goods, and 336 00:25:06,080 --> 00:25:10,239 Speaker 1: so she asks him for some pins. Now, pins are 337 00:25:10,320 --> 00:25:15,479 Speaker 1: used for a bunch of reasons, for haberd artery, you know, 338 00:25:15,560 --> 00:25:20,560 Speaker 1: sewing reasons, but also they're used in folklore and magic 339 00:25:21,280 --> 00:25:23,000 Speaker 1: and herbology and whatnot. 340 00:25:24,800 --> 00:25:27,600 Speaker 2: So I said ask she begged. 341 00:25:27,960 --> 00:25:31,879 Speaker 1: She was begging for pins because Alison was poor. She 342 00:25:32,040 --> 00:25:36,680 Speaker 1: was like part of a beggar family. Like even in 343 00:25:36,720 --> 00:25:43,399 Speaker 1: this community of poverty, Alison is considered poor poor, so 344 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:50,160 Speaker 1: charity is refused and it is claimed that Alison curses him. 345 00:25:50,680 --> 00:25:54,760 Speaker 1: Not long after, as in like days after, John Law 346 00:25:54,920 --> 00:25:58,840 Speaker 1: suffers a stroke, and his son reported to the local 347 00:25:58,920 --> 00:26:04,040 Speaker 1: magistrate Know that his father had been inflicted by a 348 00:26:04,119 --> 00:26:09,239 Speaker 1: witch's cuss. The stroke didn't kill John Law, but it 349 00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:15,960 Speaker 1: did leave him partially paralyzed. Roger Know the aforementioned magistrate 350 00:26:16,720 --> 00:26:21,880 Speaker 1: questions Alison device, her mother, Elizabeth's device, and her brother 351 00:26:22,000 --> 00:26:27,920 Speaker 1: James on the thirtieth of March sixteen twelve. So yet 352 00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:31,880 Speaker 1: the devices are I begar family, they are the poorest 353 00:26:32,080 --> 00:26:35,719 Speaker 1: of the poor. Like that is bear in mind, this 354 00:26:35,760 --> 00:26:43,080 Speaker 1: is our context. And Alison, she confesses totally not under 355 00:26:43,119 --> 00:26:47,359 Speaker 1: torture of duress, that she enlisted the Devil's help in 356 00:26:47,440 --> 00:26:52,080 Speaker 1: cursing John Law after he accused her of stealing. So 357 00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:57,440 Speaker 1: like technically during this time period, like torture wasn't permitted, 358 00:26:57,520 --> 00:27:02,520 Speaker 1: Like you're not supposed to torture people, like legally not 359 00:27:02,760 --> 00:27:03,640 Speaker 1: meant to be a thing. 360 00:27:03,880 --> 00:27:05,960 Speaker 2: Just it's not meant it okay. 361 00:27:07,280 --> 00:27:12,840 Speaker 1: James, who was also questioned totally not under torture of dress, 362 00:27:12,880 --> 00:27:19,560 Speaker 1: confirmed the story. Elizabeth's device also in a completely safe 363 00:27:19,600 --> 00:27:23,800 Speaker 1: and not go Wher's confession hinted that her mother, Dandyke, 364 00:27:24,320 --> 00:27:30,680 Speaker 1: was in league with the devil, and when questioned, Alison 365 00:27:30,720 --> 00:27:32,440 Speaker 1: accused Anne. 366 00:27:32,240 --> 00:27:33,800 Speaker 2: Whittle of witchcraft. 367 00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:38,159 Speaker 1: Chattics, as she was known. Her family had a long 368 00:27:38,240 --> 00:27:41,880 Speaker 1: standing feud with the device's clan. So you've got these 369 00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:47,800 Speaker 1: two beggar families and the rivals. They do not like 370 00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:51,199 Speaker 1: each other, and now one of them has accused the 371 00:27:51,240 --> 00:27:56,360 Speaker 1: other of witchcraft. Alison claimed that her dad had enlisted 372 00:27:56,480 --> 00:28:01,679 Speaker 1: Chatti's witchcraft for some oatmeal for a part, but be 373 00:28:01,760 --> 00:28:06,280 Speaker 1: an actual dark poor he couldn't pay, and Chattix cursed 374 00:28:06,359 --> 00:28:10,800 Speaker 1: him to death. I feel like I should point out 375 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:14,679 Speaker 1: that there is no official legal document that show the 376 00:28:14,840 --> 00:28:21,200 Speaker 1: circumstances or methods used to acquire Allison's confessions. Like that 377 00:28:21,200 --> 00:28:22,480 Speaker 1: that doesn't exist. 378 00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:23,359 Speaker 2: Weird. 379 00:28:25,280 --> 00:28:29,080 Speaker 1: Alison would go on to confess that her grandmother Demdike 380 00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:34,120 Speaker 1: would make her bring a devil when she was out 381 00:28:34,160 --> 00:28:38,360 Speaker 1: begging to make the begging like easier or something. 382 00:28:39,040 --> 00:28:39,840 Speaker 2: I guess. 383 00:28:40,760 --> 00:28:43,440 Speaker 1: Dendyke told her to be allowed the familiar to feed 384 00:28:43,560 --> 00:28:47,680 Speaker 1: off of her blood and it would grant her gifts. 385 00:28:48,760 --> 00:28:52,360 Speaker 1: She also mentioned that John Nutter had asked dem Dick 386 00:28:52,440 --> 00:28:56,920 Speaker 1: to cure his sick cowt but instead she bewitched the 387 00:28:56,960 --> 00:29:02,320 Speaker 1: cow to death. Something I forgot to mention earlier. Actually 388 00:29:02,480 --> 00:29:08,040 Speaker 1: about Demdyke, Elizabeth Southern's the eighty something year old matriarchal 389 00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:08,840 Speaker 1: forest witch. 390 00:29:09,680 --> 00:29:10,560 Speaker 2: She was blind. 391 00:29:11,320 --> 00:29:13,920 Speaker 1: Now, it's probably cadiaracts, because like a lot of the time, 392 00:29:14,080 --> 00:29:17,520 Speaker 1: when they describe, you know, older people losing their vision, 393 00:29:18,120 --> 00:29:22,360 Speaker 1: especially old timey, they're like they've got cloudy eyes. Yeah, 394 00:29:22,560 --> 00:29:30,080 Speaker 1: that sounds like cadacts. So Alison just cannot stop, She 395 00:29:30,160 --> 00:29:34,560 Speaker 1: really cannot stop talking about witchy stuff. She talks about 396 00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:38,480 Speaker 1: an incident with Richard Baldwin and the Pendle Woods. Baldwin 397 00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:42,680 Speaker 1: had a disagreement with Demdyke two years before and had 398 00:29:42,720 --> 00:29:48,040 Speaker 1: forbidden Alison to enter his land, and so Dendyke she 399 00:29:48,200 --> 00:29:51,000 Speaker 1: leaves the house for an hour or so, like late 400 00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:55,920 Speaker 1: at night, and the very next day Robert Baldwin's daughter 401 00:29:56,040 --> 00:29:59,160 Speaker 1: had fallen ill and was sick for a whole year 402 00:30:00,120 --> 00:30:04,360 Speaker 1: and then died, which is totally the result of a 403 00:30:04,440 --> 00:30:11,920 Speaker 1: witchy curts. Then we have the butter incident. Dendyke was 404 00:30:11,960 --> 00:30:16,280 Speaker 1: in bed resting because she's an eighty something year old 405 00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:20,200 Speaker 1: blind woman living in a forest. There's no butter in 406 00:30:20,240 --> 00:30:24,800 Speaker 1: the house. Like, Alison goes begging for milk and she 407 00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:27,600 Speaker 1: brings it back and she leaves it at her granny's house. 408 00:30:28,520 --> 00:30:31,280 Speaker 1: And she goes away for half an hour and when 409 00:30:31,320 --> 00:30:35,440 Speaker 1: she comes back she finds butter in the milk. Now 410 00:30:35,760 --> 00:30:39,080 Speaker 1: there's the same volume of milk, but suddenly there's butter 411 00:30:39,200 --> 00:30:39,520 Speaker 1: in it. 412 00:30:41,480 --> 00:30:42,640 Speaker 2: Mag Jack. 413 00:30:45,320 --> 00:30:51,120 Speaker 1: Alison accused so many people in her family, like and others, 414 00:30:51,480 --> 00:30:56,880 Speaker 1: of witchcraft. She accuses Dendyke, her mom, Elizabeth Device, her 415 00:30:56,880 --> 00:31:01,760 Speaker 1: brother James, and Whittle Chattis her daughter, and Red Film 416 00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:06,400 Speaker 1: and so on. Now Alison as well, like at the 417 00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:11,000 Speaker 1: time of this, she's eighteen nineteen, so she's young, right, 418 00:31:11,360 --> 00:31:15,560 Speaker 1: this is a teenager. And these again, these bigger families, 419 00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:19,360 Speaker 1: like the Whittles and the Demdykes, they've been feuding for 420 00:31:19,440 --> 00:31:26,160 Speaker 1: yales like it's poverty versus poverty. And on the second 421 00:31:26,160 --> 00:31:31,880 Speaker 1: of April, Demdike, Chattix and Ann Red Film they are 422 00:31:31,920 --> 00:31:38,920 Speaker 1: all interrogated by Roger Knowle. Both Chatticks and Demdyke confess 423 00:31:39,400 --> 00:31:43,040 Speaker 1: to a pact with the devil, but Anne Redfilm didn't. 424 00:31:45,160 --> 00:31:48,920 Speaker 1: That didn't stop Demdike, whom accusing her of doing witchy stuff. 425 00:31:50,160 --> 00:31:54,120 Speaker 1: Then some other witness made a connection between and and 426 00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:58,520 Speaker 1: a man's mysterious death, and the four women were sent 427 00:31:58,600 --> 00:32:04,040 Speaker 1: to Lancaster j to await trial. Basically, most trials were 428 00:32:04,080 --> 00:32:08,120 Speaker 1: held during assizes, so which is like traveling judges going 429 00:32:08,160 --> 00:32:10,800 Speaker 1: around the country. So there was often a wee bit 430 00:32:10,840 --> 00:32:16,280 Speaker 1: of time between arrest and trial, and these things were 431 00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:20,880 Speaker 1: colin practice. They arrest the trial and it's usually over 432 00:32:20,920 --> 00:32:24,800 Speaker 1: pretty swiftly once the assize is a car But then 433 00:32:25,440 --> 00:32:30,920 Speaker 1: Good Friday happened on the tenth of April sixteen twelve. 434 00:32:31,120 --> 00:32:35,600 Speaker 1: Good Friday, there is a gathering at Milkin Tower, which 435 00:32:35,760 --> 00:32:41,440 Speaker 1: is like, actually, that's the name of Darmdyke's house and 436 00:32:41,560 --> 00:32:45,600 Speaker 1: Milkin actually is an old word for like dirty. So 437 00:32:46,640 --> 00:32:50,040 Speaker 1: was it even a tower whomn's to say, Like, it's 438 00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:55,360 Speaker 1: just like a ramshackle building. And so friends, they come 439 00:32:55,360 --> 00:32:58,040 Speaker 1: over from the border of Yorkshire and they ate a 440 00:32:58,080 --> 00:33:03,760 Speaker 1: meal of stolen mutton. Now good Friday, for like any 441 00:33:03,800 --> 00:33:07,560 Speaker 1: Catholics listening, we'll know this, so and people probably know 442 00:33:07,640 --> 00:33:10,680 Speaker 1: this anyway, Like it's just a typical Catholic thing. It's 443 00:33:10,680 --> 00:33:13,720 Speaker 1: a day of fasting and you're not supposed to eat, 444 00:33:13,800 --> 00:33:16,520 Speaker 1: let alone eat meat. Like now it's more like don't 445 00:33:16,520 --> 00:33:19,000 Speaker 1: eat meat, but back then it was like don't eat anything. 446 00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:26,200 Speaker 1: So James device he has allegedly stolen an old cheap 447 00:33:26,280 --> 00:33:31,640 Speaker 1: to eat, and they allegedly plan which gets like Weldorn Wilder. 448 00:33:32,360 --> 00:33:40,040 Speaker 1: According to testimony of Genet Device, that there's this talk 449 00:33:40,240 --> 00:33:42,880 Speaker 1: of getting the woman out of the jail, for breaking 450 00:33:42,880 --> 00:33:45,120 Speaker 1: them out of the jail, and it's like they're going 451 00:33:45,160 --> 00:33:46,680 Speaker 1: to do it with magic and it's going to be 452 00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:47,240 Speaker 1: like a whole thing. 453 00:33:49,680 --> 00:33:51,960 Speaker 2: So this meeting on Good Friday. 454 00:33:52,520 --> 00:33:59,560 Speaker 1: In a Protestant like rolling class, right, it is viewed 455 00:33:59,600 --> 00:34:04,520 Speaker 1: with suspision. Clearly it is a meeting of a coven 456 00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:11,560 Speaker 1: right on Good Friday. So on the twenty seventh of April, 457 00:34:12,080 --> 00:34:16,120 Speaker 1: rog Or Knowle and Nicholas Banister conduct an investigation to 458 00:34:16,200 --> 00:34:20,440 Speaker 1: uncover the secrets of the Milkon meeting, which leads to 459 00:34:20,520 --> 00:34:27,160 Speaker 1: eight more accusations of witchcraft. So you've got Elizabeth Device, 460 00:34:27,480 --> 00:34:32,880 Speaker 1: James Device, John Bullcock, Jane Bullcock, Alice Nutter, Catherine Hewett, 461 00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:40,400 Speaker 1: Alice Gray, and Janet Preston. Janet Preston like she's from Gisburne. 462 00:34:40,440 --> 00:34:43,279 Speaker 1: So she's from Yorkshire or Gisburne was in Yorkshire at 463 00:34:43,320 --> 00:34:48,800 Speaker 1: the time, And so yes to my American listeners, shiles 464 00:34:49,040 --> 00:34:52,560 Speaker 1: are a real thing. It's all over England and Scotland. 465 00:34:52,600 --> 00:34:56,040 Speaker 1: I'm not sure what Welsh has, Welsh has what Wales 466 00:34:56,080 --> 00:34:56,440 Speaker 1: has and. 467 00:34:56,520 --> 00:34:57,080 Speaker 2: Have to check. 468 00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:03,960 Speaker 1: So she's from Yorkshire and so she is to be tried. 469 00:35:04,120 --> 00:35:05,880 Speaker 2: The Yorkshire were sizes. 470 00:35:06,280 --> 00:35:09,399 Speaker 1: So she sent to Yorkshire and the rest was sent 471 00:35:09,480 --> 00:35:15,080 Speaker 1: to Lancaster Jail. And to adding something to injury. All 472 00:35:15,120 --> 00:35:20,719 Speaker 1: of them are in the same cell devices, whittles, nuttles, 473 00:35:21,760 --> 00:35:28,080 Speaker 1: and all like all of them. Elizabeth Southern, the blind 474 00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:32,680 Speaker 1: old lady, confesses that twenty years prior she encountered a 475 00:35:32,719 --> 00:35:37,919 Speaker 1: boy and a half black, half brown coat, except there 476 00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:43,040 Speaker 1: was no boy but a spirit named Tib. There were 477 00:35:43,080 --> 00:35:47,839 Speaker 1: some who call me Tib who offered her anything she 478 00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:52,000 Speaker 1: wanted in exchange for her soul, and she agrees to 479 00:35:52,040 --> 00:35:56,360 Speaker 1: this deal, but somehow kept living in abject poverty, and 480 00:35:56,400 --> 00:35:59,520 Speaker 1: the spirit would appear at twilight every like five or 481 00:35:59,520 --> 00:36:05,960 Speaker 1: six year and go, I'm a killer, Bella. I got nothing. 482 00:36:06,280 --> 00:36:06,560 Speaker 2: Sorry. 483 00:36:06,680 --> 00:36:09,719 Speaker 1: No, He would try to make another deal and she 484 00:36:09,760 --> 00:36:13,520 Speaker 1: would decline, so she never actually asked for anything like 485 00:36:13,600 --> 00:36:18,040 Speaker 1: throughout this period. Then one year he shows up as 486 00:36:18,040 --> 00:36:20,799 Speaker 1: a dog and tries to draw blood from her as 487 00:36:20,840 --> 00:36:25,240 Speaker 1: she slept with her grandchild on her lap, And she's 488 00:36:25,280 --> 00:36:28,200 Speaker 1: like half asleep and was praying to protect the child, 489 00:36:28,600 --> 00:36:32,920 Speaker 1: but she couldn't pray for herself, Like she was like 490 00:36:33,080 --> 00:36:36,799 Speaker 1: fighting it, but she just couldn't do it. Then the 491 00:36:36,960 --> 00:36:41,920 Speaker 1: dog disappeared and she felt mad for about eight weeks, 492 00:36:43,400 --> 00:36:46,920 Speaker 1: like I'm sorry, did you maybe eat a mushroom that 493 00:36:46,960 --> 00:36:51,399 Speaker 1: you shouldn't have? You know, maybe you had an illness 494 00:36:51,520 --> 00:36:55,080 Speaker 1: or other things happened, Like she would have been in 495 00:36:55,120 --> 00:37:01,560 Speaker 1: her sixties at this point, right so, like sidebar, Actually, 496 00:37:03,239 --> 00:37:09,319 Speaker 1: what if many of like the insanity slash witchcraft accusations 497 00:37:09,360 --> 00:37:16,200 Speaker 1: like from history were just menopause related, like, oh, she's 498 00:37:16,600 --> 00:37:19,520 Speaker 1: burning hot and yet she's not dying of this fever 499 00:37:20,239 --> 00:37:23,960 Speaker 1: and she's acting irrational, yeah, because her hormones are all 500 00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:32,680 Speaker 1: in flux like mmmm. Anyway, dem Dyke also admittled under 501 00:37:32,760 --> 00:37:38,200 Speaker 1: torture that she had cussed Baldwin. Right so, the previous Christmas, 502 00:37:38,520 --> 00:37:42,120 Speaker 1: Demdike's daughter Elizabeth had helped out the Baldwin's family at 503 00:37:42,160 --> 00:37:46,719 Speaker 1: the mill. Naturally she wanted to be compensated for it, 504 00:37:47,040 --> 00:37:52,880 Speaker 1: being dirt poor and all. And she's being led Demdike 505 00:37:53,040 --> 00:37:57,320 Speaker 1: is by her granddaughter now because remember Demndyke is blind 506 00:37:57,880 --> 00:38:01,360 Speaker 1: and she meets Richard Baldwin like on the road, like 507 00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:07,160 Speaker 1: on the way to his family farm, and he tells 508 00:38:07,200 --> 00:38:10,560 Speaker 1: her to get off his land and calls her family 509 00:38:11,160 --> 00:38:16,920 Speaker 1: whores and witches, which is bad enough, but he threatens 510 00:38:16,960 --> 00:38:23,359 Speaker 1: to bun one and hang the other, so elderly blind lady. 511 00:38:23,719 --> 00:38:25,360 Speaker 2: And teenage girl. 512 00:38:27,760 --> 00:38:31,840 Speaker 1: So he threatens an old lady and her granddaughter, and 513 00:38:31,960 --> 00:38:37,000 Speaker 1: so she cursed him. The boy dog spirit Tib appeared 514 00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:41,799 Speaker 1: and she in anger called Tib to take revenge on 515 00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:46,680 Speaker 1: Richard Baldwin and his family. Tib agreed and she never 516 00:38:46,760 --> 00:38:55,120 Speaker 1: saw the spirit again. The first effaced trial was Janet 517 00:38:55,120 --> 00:38:58,080 Speaker 1: Preston at the Yorkshire Sizes on the twenty seventh of 518 00:38:58,160 --> 00:39:02,719 Speaker 1: June sixteen twelve. The judges overseeing the trial were Sir 519 00:39:02,840 --> 00:39:08,520 Speaker 1: James Altham and Sir Edward Bromley. Janet Preston pleaded not 520 00:39:08,719 --> 00:39:13,760 Speaker 1: guilty to charges of using witchcraft to murder Thomas Lister 521 00:39:14,040 --> 00:39:19,879 Speaker 1: of Westby Hall, a wealthy local landowner. So Janet had 522 00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:24,759 Speaker 1: previously been acquitted of infanticide through witchcraft the previous year 523 00:39:25,800 --> 00:39:30,040 Speaker 1: like so in sixteen eleven she's accused of like witching 524 00:39:30,080 --> 00:39:34,200 Speaker 1: a child to death, and then in sixteen twelve she's 525 00:39:34,200 --> 00:39:36,759 Speaker 1: accused of witching Thomas Lister to death. 526 00:39:36,840 --> 00:39:38,320 Speaker 2: Now it really. 527 00:39:38,080 --> 00:39:43,560 Speaker 1: Feels like someone had it out for Janet. The damning 528 00:39:43,600 --> 00:39:48,360 Speaker 1: piece of evidence against Janet was that Thomas Lister's corpse 529 00:39:48,880 --> 00:39:55,879 Speaker 1: bled when she touched it. So she's convicted by cointation, 530 00:39:57,120 --> 00:40:01,560 Speaker 1: so countation. For about seven hundred year, US people thought 531 00:40:01,640 --> 00:40:05,040 Speaker 1: corpses could solve their own murders. I've said it before 532 00:40:05,120 --> 00:40:06,120 Speaker 1: and I've said it again. 533 00:40:06,719 --> 00:40:08,640 Speaker 2: That is far too long. 534 00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:12,360 Speaker 1: It's far too long, okay, from the twelfth to the 535 00:40:12,440 --> 00:40:17,200 Speaker 1: nineteenth century, like people believed in cruentation, like the belief 536 00:40:17,200 --> 00:40:19,440 Speaker 1: that a dead body would bleed in the presence of 537 00:40:19,520 --> 00:40:24,719 Speaker 1: their killer. And yes, this was an official method used in. 538 00:40:24,680 --> 00:40:25,680 Speaker 2: A court of law. 539 00:40:26,680 --> 00:40:32,040 Speaker 1: Janet Preston was found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging, 540 00:40:33,200 --> 00:40:37,239 Speaker 1: and Janet Preston, the Gisbon Witch, was executed on the 541 00:40:37,280 --> 00:40:41,240 Speaker 1: twenty ninth of July at Knavesmia, which for the record 542 00:40:41,760 --> 00:40:44,640 Speaker 1: is now the current location for the York Race Course. 543 00:40:46,760 --> 00:40:49,719 Speaker 1: The next trials were held on the eighteenth and nineteenth 544 00:40:49,719 --> 00:40:54,560 Speaker 1: of August in sixteen twelve at Lancaster Castle. Roger Know 545 00:40:54,760 --> 00:40:58,840 Speaker 1: the magistrate, He was the prosecutor, and the trial was 546 00:40:58,880 --> 00:41:04,120 Speaker 1: presided over by the judges Album and Bromley again, Roger 547 00:41:04,200 --> 00:41:07,640 Speaker 1: Knowle had collected the relevant testimonies and confessions of the 548 00:41:07,680 --> 00:41:13,920 Speaker 1: Pendle Witches. And what's unusual about this trial is that 549 00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:17,920 Speaker 1: the material witness, if you will, the testimony that damned 550 00:41:17,960 --> 00:41:23,359 Speaker 1: so many people, was that of a nine year old child. Now, 551 00:41:23,400 --> 00:41:28,560 Speaker 1: typically in criminal courts of any kind, like even back then, 552 00:41:29,520 --> 00:41:31,600 Speaker 1: like this was not a done thing. You did not 553 00:41:31,640 --> 00:41:34,480 Speaker 1: bring a child into court, You did not question them. 554 00:41:34,600 --> 00:41:35,160 Speaker 2: It was not. 555 00:41:35,239 --> 00:41:42,120 Speaker 1: Something you did. But as in King James's book Demonology, 556 00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:45,520 Speaker 1: he said, you know, sometimes you have to like color 557 00:41:45,560 --> 00:41:48,480 Speaker 1: outside the lines, like there are exceptions to the rule, 558 00:41:48,640 --> 00:41:54,080 Speaker 1: and this was the exception. Elizabeth Device's nine year old daughter, 559 00:41:54,480 --> 00:41:59,080 Speaker 1: Jenet Device, testified against her widowed mother, members of her 560 00:41:59,080 --> 00:42:03,200 Speaker 1: own family, and the attendees of the Milkin Tower meeting. 561 00:42:05,040 --> 00:42:07,279 Speaker 1: When the nine year old girl was called, her mother 562 00:42:08,120 --> 00:42:13,640 Speaker 1: like to start shouting at her, like she's just trying 563 00:42:14,080 --> 00:42:18,840 Speaker 1: to make sure the child doesn't speak like. Unsurprisingly, the 564 00:42:18,880 --> 00:42:21,600 Speaker 1: young girl is scared and she starts crying and tells 565 00:42:21,640 --> 00:42:24,520 Speaker 1: the judge that she couldn't speak with her mother there. 566 00:42:25,840 --> 00:42:27,799 Speaker 1: And the more Genet tries to talk, the more her 567 00:42:27,880 --> 00:42:30,560 Speaker 1: mother like shrieks and screams in her I mean and 568 00:42:30,600 --> 00:42:33,680 Speaker 1: she's like freaking out and she is removed from the court. 569 00:42:33,719 --> 00:42:38,080 Speaker 1: The judge is like, no, out you go. The nine 570 00:42:38,120 --> 00:42:41,799 Speaker 1: year old child was then placed on top of a 571 00:42:41,880 --> 00:42:45,359 Speaker 1: table in front of the entire court. They put her 572 00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:48,719 Speaker 1: on a table because she's so small, Right, this is 573 00:42:48,719 --> 00:42:53,840 Speaker 1: a small, probably malnurished child who is afraid and is 574 00:42:54,719 --> 00:43:00,279 Speaker 1: like kids say things, right, They're not always true. They 575 00:43:00,280 --> 00:43:05,880 Speaker 1: are you know, fueled by you know, folklore and history 576 00:43:06,040 --> 00:43:10,160 Speaker 1: and the adults around them, and so they absorb things 577 00:43:10,160 --> 00:43:13,200 Speaker 1: in a way which makes sense to them, like kid logic, 578 00:43:13,840 --> 00:43:19,400 Speaker 1: but not to others. They're also manipulated and coached in 579 00:43:20,320 --> 00:43:25,759 Speaker 1: all that jazz. And the worry could be like her 580 00:43:25,800 --> 00:43:29,919 Speaker 1: mother is screaming. Is it because she's worried her daughter 581 00:43:29,960 --> 00:43:32,440 Speaker 1: is going to say something damning, like had she made 582 00:43:32,480 --> 00:43:34,160 Speaker 1: a joke about something at one point? 583 00:43:34,520 --> 00:43:36,600 Speaker 2: Is she genuinely angry. 584 00:43:36,239 --> 00:43:40,040 Speaker 1: At her child or is she fearing for her daughter's life? 585 00:43:40,320 --> 00:43:44,040 Speaker 1: We don't know, We don't know why. But here we are, 586 00:43:46,400 --> 00:43:52,759 Speaker 1: so again, this nine year old child, she's up on 587 00:43:52,840 --> 00:43:55,920 Speaker 1: a table in front of an entire court of people, 588 00:43:56,960 --> 00:44:00,360 Speaker 1: and she testifies that her mother is a witch with 589 00:44:00,440 --> 00:44:05,120 Speaker 1: a spirit called ball that looks like a dog. Jennet 590 00:44:05,200 --> 00:44:07,439 Speaker 1: went on to say that her mother asked the dog 591 00:44:07,520 --> 00:44:10,719 Speaker 1: slash spirit to kill a man, a rich man known 592 00:44:10,719 --> 00:44:16,400 Speaker 1: as Swire John Robinson of Barlow. The next year, her 593 00:44:16,440 --> 00:44:21,120 Speaker 1: mother called upon ball to kill James Robinson of Barlow, 594 00:44:21,480 --> 00:44:24,680 Speaker 1: who was also known as Swire, like and. 595 00:44:24,760 --> 00:44:26,759 Speaker 2: Three weeks later he's dead. 596 00:44:28,520 --> 00:44:32,200 Speaker 1: Jennett then starts naming people, like twenty or so that 597 00:44:32,239 --> 00:44:35,520 Speaker 1: were at Milkin Tower. Her mother had told her that 598 00:44:35,600 --> 00:44:39,719 Speaker 1: they were a meeting of witches, and only two that 599 00:44:39,760 --> 00:44:43,920 Speaker 1: were there, like she noticed, were men. Her mother told 600 00:44:43,920 --> 00:44:47,440 Speaker 1: her that they had come to name Janet's sisters Alison's 601 00:44:47,760 --> 00:44:51,799 Speaker 1: familiar and they had a feast of bacon, beef and 602 00:44:52,000 --> 00:44:57,799 Speaker 1: roasted mutton. They had a facet. These incredibly put up 603 00:44:57,840 --> 00:45:06,640 Speaker 1: people had been and bacon and mutton. Okay, James, her 604 00:45:06,680 --> 00:45:10,000 Speaker 1: older brother, had stolen an old cheap from Christopher Swiles 605 00:45:10,040 --> 00:45:14,480 Speaker 1: of Barlow. So many Swiles, so many Barlows. He had 606 00:45:14,520 --> 00:45:18,120 Speaker 1: stolen it the night before, and this does not explain 607 00:45:18,160 --> 00:45:22,640 Speaker 1: how the impoverished group also had bacon and beef. Jenett 608 00:45:22,800 --> 00:45:25,080 Speaker 1: was able to point out and name six of the 609 00:45:25,080 --> 00:45:28,920 Speaker 1: witches present at the Milkon meeting on Good Friday. Her 610 00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:33,840 Speaker 1: uncle Christopher Howgate of Pendell, his wife Elizabeth, Christopher Jackson, 611 00:45:33,880 --> 00:45:37,719 Speaker 1: his wife from thorny Holme, Hugh Hargreaves from Pendell, and 612 00:45:37,800 --> 00:45:40,200 Speaker 1: I kid you not Dick Miles. 613 00:45:39,840 --> 00:45:40,880 Speaker 2: From roughly. 614 00:45:42,600 --> 00:45:44,400 Speaker 1: If I write a book that's fiction, I'm having a 615 00:45:44,480 --> 00:45:50,120 Speaker 1: character called Dick Miles because I can't. Finally, Jennet informs 616 00:45:50,160 --> 00:45:52,920 Speaker 1: the court that her mother, Elizabeth, taught her two prayers, 617 00:45:53,360 --> 00:45:56,600 Speaker 1: one to obtain drinks and the other to heal those 618 00:45:57,000 --> 00:46:02,880 Speaker 1: who are bewitched. She taught me, I would to get drinks, 619 00:46:03,120 --> 00:46:11,080 Speaker 1: which is flatter eyelashes a man as is problematic, like 620 00:46:12,040 --> 00:46:17,800 Speaker 1: a child who's probably been coached and manipulated like m 621 00:46:18,200 --> 00:46:22,480 Speaker 1: I have issues and feelings about this. Little Jennet accused 622 00:46:22,480 --> 00:46:26,960 Speaker 1: her brother James of practicing witchcraft for three years, and 623 00:46:27,000 --> 00:46:30,920 Speaker 1: he had a black dog named Dandy, who would on 624 00:46:31,080 --> 00:46:36,160 Speaker 1: James's behalf kill an elderly woman, Mistress Townley of car 625 00:46:36,960 --> 00:46:40,279 Speaker 1: For why Who's to say so? 626 00:46:40,400 --> 00:46:40,720 Speaker 2: Janet? 627 00:46:40,920 --> 00:46:44,880 Speaker 1: She visited Mistress Townley at car Hall and saw that 628 00:46:44,960 --> 00:46:49,720 Speaker 1: the very old lady looked sick, and naturally she assumed 629 00:46:49,719 --> 00:46:54,440 Speaker 1: it was the work of James and dandee, here's the 630 00:46:54,520 --> 00:46:58,600 Speaker 1: thing like During the trial, James device. He's described as 631 00:46:58,640 --> 00:47:04,279 Speaker 1: a poor ducre boy, apparently of weak intellect and so 632 00:47:04,400 --> 00:47:07,520 Speaker 1: informed that he had to be physically held up during 633 00:47:07,560 --> 00:47:13,120 Speaker 1: the trial. And James never denied any of Jenet's accusations. 634 00:47:13,800 --> 00:47:14,719 Speaker 2: From what little we know. 635 00:47:14,680 --> 00:47:18,759 Speaker 1: Of him, maybe he had a learning difficulty, Maybe he 636 00:47:18,920 --> 00:47:23,360 Speaker 1: was young, like there's no given age. There's talk of 637 00:47:23,440 --> 00:47:28,640 Speaker 1: him being not much older than Janet, and then there 638 00:47:28,680 --> 00:47:31,080 Speaker 1: was talk of him being closer an age to Alison, 639 00:47:31,120 --> 00:47:34,560 Speaker 1: but Allison is like eighteen nineteen, so this is at 640 00:47:34,680 --> 00:47:42,359 Speaker 1: least a teenager, like maybe even younger. Right, Maybe it's 641 00:47:42,440 --> 00:47:45,120 Speaker 1: any of these factors, or maybe he just didn't want 642 00:47:45,160 --> 00:47:46,800 Speaker 1: to scale his little sister. 643 00:47:48,640 --> 00:47:50,080 Speaker 2: Either way, he was. 644 00:47:50,000 --> 00:47:55,799 Speaker 1: Found guilty of murdering Ann Townly and John Duckworth with witchcraft, 645 00:47:56,880 --> 00:48:03,200 Speaker 1: and so he was sentenced to death. Also on the eighteenth, 646 00:48:03,719 --> 00:48:08,200 Speaker 1: and Whittle Chatticks, she is accused of murdering Robert Nutter. 647 00:48:09,600 --> 00:48:14,000 Speaker 1: She pled not guilty, but the confession, the confession she 648 00:48:14,080 --> 00:48:17,680 Speaker 1: had provided to Roger or No previously, and her duress 649 00:48:18,560 --> 00:48:23,080 Speaker 1: was shared with the court. Then James Robinson testified that 650 00:48:23,239 --> 00:48:28,359 Speaker 1: Robert Nutter had blamed Chatticks of spoiling his beer and 651 00:48:28,400 --> 00:48:31,799 Speaker 1: that many knew that she was a witch. So Robinson 652 00:48:31,920 --> 00:48:36,440 Speaker 1: he lived with the like Chattox Wittle family, like many 653 00:48:36,520 --> 00:48:41,200 Speaker 1: many yells, like decades previous, right, and now he's like, yeah, 654 00:48:41,520 --> 00:48:46,000 Speaker 1: this one dude said she ruined his billup in a 655 00:48:46,320 --> 00:48:49,960 Speaker 1: desperate attempt to save her daughter and knowing that she 656 00:48:50,120 --> 00:48:55,720 Speaker 1: herself was damned. Chattis takes all the blame and begs 657 00:48:55,800 --> 00:49:03,400 Speaker 1: the court to spare and read film. But yes, she 658 00:49:03,560 --> 00:49:08,759 Speaker 1: is convicted and sentenced to hang. The next day, the 659 00:49:08,800 --> 00:49:12,920 Speaker 1: Samisbury witches were tried, and these were followed by Anne. 660 00:49:12,920 --> 00:49:14,040 Speaker 2: Readfilm. 661 00:49:14,719 --> 00:49:20,719 Speaker 1: Anne was accused and acquitted of the murder of Robert Nutter. However, 662 00:49:21,840 --> 00:49:24,960 Speaker 1: she was then tried for the magic mutter of Robert 663 00:49:25,040 --> 00:49:30,160 Speaker 1: Nuttell's father Christopher. A statement that Demdyck had provided to 664 00:49:30,239 --> 00:49:33,360 Speaker 1: Roger Knowle was read to the court on how Anne 665 00:49:33,400 --> 00:49:37,160 Speaker 1: had crafted a clay figure, well, clay figures of the 666 00:49:37,239 --> 00:49:41,200 Speaker 1: Nuttle family like an old English version of voodoo dolls. 667 00:49:42,040 --> 00:49:44,840 Speaker 1: And so if you wanted to hurt a person, you 668 00:49:44,880 --> 00:49:49,160 Speaker 1: would like crack the clay in certain places, or if 669 00:49:49,160 --> 00:49:51,560 Speaker 1: you wanted to just like end their life, you would 670 00:49:51,560 --> 00:49:53,360 Speaker 1: throw the clay figure into a fire. 671 00:49:55,760 --> 00:49:57,960 Speaker 2: Witness after witness. 672 00:49:57,600 --> 00:50:00,480 Speaker 1: Accused Anne of not only being a witch, but an 673 00:50:00,520 --> 00:50:05,920 Speaker 1: incredibly dangerous one. She was convicted partially on that and 674 00:50:06,080 --> 00:50:10,319 Speaker 1: partially because she didn't testify against the others that were 675 00:50:10,360 --> 00:50:15,640 Speaker 1: accused of witchcraft, so she didn't try and blame anybody else, 676 00:50:16,680 --> 00:50:22,360 Speaker 1: which somehow made her more guilty. And she's also convicted. 677 00:50:24,000 --> 00:50:26,680 Speaker 1: Jane Billcock and her son John from New Church and 678 00:50:26,760 --> 00:50:32,200 Speaker 1: Pendle were convicted of murdering Jenet Dean through witchcraft. Now, 679 00:50:32,719 --> 00:50:35,200 Speaker 1: Janet is a name that keeps appearing, and I think 680 00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:36,160 Speaker 1: we should bring it back. 681 00:50:36,520 --> 00:50:37,120 Speaker 2: I'm just saying. 682 00:50:38,400 --> 00:50:40,400 Speaker 1: Alice Nuttle, she is like a bit of an odd 683 00:50:40,440 --> 00:50:44,600 Speaker 1: fish in this group because most of the accused they're poor, 684 00:50:45,440 --> 00:50:50,360 Speaker 1: and Alice she's a widow, a wealthy widow right her 685 00:50:51,200 --> 00:50:54,239 Speaker 1: late husband he was like a yeoman farmer, and she 686 00:50:54,880 --> 00:50:59,560 Speaker 1: was doing quite well. So she doesn't quite fit. And 687 00:50:59,600 --> 00:51:03,719 Speaker 1: she was quiet, silent even throughout her trial except to 688 00:51:03,920 --> 00:51:10,760 Speaker 1: plead not guilty of murdering Henry Mitten with witchcraft. Jenet 689 00:51:10,760 --> 00:51:13,759 Speaker 1: Device had named Alice Nutter as one of the attendees 690 00:51:13,800 --> 00:51:19,040 Speaker 1: at Melkin Tower, and James, in his confession, claimed that 691 00:51:19,120 --> 00:51:22,400 Speaker 1: his grandmother had told him about the murder. When Mitton 692 00:51:23,360 --> 00:51:26,400 Speaker 1: denied her a penny, so she begged for a penny. 693 00:51:26,440 --> 00:51:32,160 Speaker 1: He denied her, and Alice helped curse him somehow, And 694 00:51:32,239 --> 00:51:36,200 Speaker 1: Alice Nutter was convicted of the murder through witchcraft. But 695 00:51:36,440 --> 00:51:38,680 Speaker 1: I'm going to get back to Nutter later because I 696 00:51:38,719 --> 00:51:44,120 Speaker 1: have a wey theory. So Catherine Hewitt also known as 697 00:51:44,280 --> 00:51:51,600 Speaker 1: mold Heels, the names the nicknames guys I. She was 698 00:51:51,600 --> 00:51:54,719 Speaker 1: a clothier's wife from corn and she had attended the 699 00:51:54,719 --> 00:51:57,920 Speaker 1: Melkon meeting and she was convicted of murdering a. 700 00:51:57,920 --> 00:51:59,680 Speaker 2: Child and folds. 701 00:52:01,160 --> 00:52:04,160 Speaker 1: Alice Gray, another one of the so called Pendal witches, 702 00:52:05,080 --> 00:52:11,239 Speaker 1: for whatever reason, was acquitted. Now sometimes like she'll be 703 00:52:11,280 --> 00:52:13,880 Speaker 1: linked in with the Selmsbury Witches. But she's one of 704 00:52:13,880 --> 00:52:19,400 Speaker 1: the Pendle witches. So then we have the trigger for 705 00:52:19,560 --> 00:52:24,760 Speaker 1: this series of events. Alison Devise. So she takes the stand. 706 00:52:25,600 --> 00:52:31,960 Speaker 1: John Law, her alleged victim, confronted her in court. Now, Alison, 707 00:52:32,640 --> 00:52:36,239 Speaker 1: she is convinced of her own guilt. She's a teenager 708 00:52:36,320 --> 00:52:42,840 Speaker 1: who lived a very particular life, and she, like many 709 00:52:43,000 --> 00:52:45,480 Speaker 1: members of her family, like she falls to her knees 710 00:52:45,640 --> 00:52:49,000 Speaker 1: and cries and confesses like she's convinced that she did this, 711 00:52:49,840 --> 00:52:54,040 Speaker 1: Like she thinks that her words, like her anger, caused 712 00:52:54,080 --> 00:52:58,280 Speaker 1: this man to suffer a stroke and be partially paralyzed. 713 00:53:00,440 --> 00:53:05,120 Speaker 1: So she, like many members of her impoverished family, were 714 00:53:05,160 --> 00:53:15,320 Speaker 1: convicted of witchcraft, and so Anne Whittle, Anne Readven, Elizabeth Device, 715 00:53:15,840 --> 00:53:22,120 Speaker 1: James Device, Alison Device, Alice Nutter, Jane Billcock, John Bullcock, 716 00:53:22,239 --> 00:53:26,960 Speaker 1: and Catherine Ewett was sent to the gallows. They were 717 00:53:27,000 --> 00:53:31,600 Speaker 1: executed the next day, the twentieth of August sixteen twelve, 718 00:53:33,360 --> 00:53:39,239 Speaker 1: with like on the moors, like overlooking the tip, like 719 00:53:39,440 --> 00:53:47,200 Speaker 1: the a huge proportion really of a village, are executed 720 00:53:48,160 --> 00:53:54,160 Speaker 1: for all to see. You may have noticed that Elizabeth 721 00:53:54,200 --> 00:53:58,760 Speaker 1: Severn dam Dyke, like she is not on that list, 722 00:53:59,520 --> 00:54:02,960 Speaker 1: will be seeing the sixteen hundreds, and Elizabeth being an 723 00:54:03,080 --> 00:54:06,759 Speaker 1: elderly woman being held in a seventeenth century jail cell. 724 00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:09,560 Speaker 2: She died before the trial began. 725 00:54:10,360 --> 00:54:13,759 Speaker 1: She wasn't treated very well because prisoners will not, like 726 00:54:13,880 --> 00:54:18,480 Speaker 1: there's so many tales of prisoners being forgotten and everything else, 727 00:54:18,600 --> 00:54:25,120 Speaker 1: and like the stress also of being there, and it's 728 00:54:25,520 --> 00:54:28,480 Speaker 1: like less than a month they're held, and she's already dead. 729 00:54:30,880 --> 00:54:36,879 Speaker 1: So the people, the alleged victims, some died suddenly, other 730 00:54:37,400 --> 00:54:41,040 Speaker 1: had clearly long term illness you know or you know, 731 00:54:41,520 --> 00:54:47,080 Speaker 1: or old and there are plenty of explanations for what 732 00:54:47,560 --> 00:54:51,440 Speaker 1: could have ended these people's lives. No, not lopes, well, 733 00:54:51,480 --> 00:54:56,560 Speaker 1: you know what, maybe lippus, but probably not lippus, right Like, 734 00:54:56,680 --> 00:55:01,359 Speaker 1: there were so many things that lately to death, Like 735 00:55:01,880 --> 00:55:04,320 Speaker 1: we still don't have an answer for things like sudden 736 00:55:04,360 --> 00:55:08,359 Speaker 1: adult death syndrome, you know, like people die sometimes and 737 00:55:08,400 --> 00:55:10,320 Speaker 1: we don't always have an answer. 738 00:55:10,880 --> 00:55:12,640 Speaker 2: Or we miss something. 739 00:55:13,120 --> 00:55:16,000 Speaker 1: Right, there are so many things happening inside our body 740 00:55:16,680 --> 00:55:19,600 Speaker 1: that we just don't We just don't know yet because 741 00:55:19,600 --> 00:55:27,160 Speaker 1: we're not all medical professionals. So anyway, let me give 742 00:55:27,200 --> 00:55:31,319 Speaker 1: you my Nutter theory. So, first of all, most of 743 00:55:31,360 --> 00:55:35,520 Speaker 1: the accused were women, single women, widwed women, women of 744 00:55:35,560 --> 00:55:39,239 Speaker 1: a certain age, A group of people look down upon 745 00:55:39,400 --> 00:55:44,080 Speaker 1: by society, A group of people who met on Good 746 00:55:44,200 --> 00:55:53,440 Speaker 1: Friday in a country ruled by Protestantism. Protestantism, I can 747 00:55:53,520 --> 00:55:58,800 Speaker 1: pronounce words, I can enunciate hat. So the Nuttile family, 748 00:55:59,480 --> 00:56:03,640 Speaker 1: many of them had Catholic ties, right like, there had 749 00:56:03,680 --> 00:56:07,160 Speaker 1: even been some Jesuit priests who had been executed. Like, 750 00:56:07,480 --> 00:56:10,480 Speaker 1: this is a traditionally Catholic family. And what is a 751 00:56:10,560 --> 00:56:21,400 Speaker 1: traditionally Catholic stronghold even after a Protestant Reformation. And what 752 00:56:21,520 --> 00:56:26,720 Speaker 1: if it wasn't a mutton eating plotting feast. What if 753 00:56:27,400 --> 00:56:31,840 Speaker 1: it was a secret Catholic service, the very thing that 754 00:56:31,880 --> 00:56:36,000 Speaker 1: could get you accused of heresy Because like Alice Nutter, 755 00:56:36,160 --> 00:56:40,400 Speaker 1: she's silent through her whole trial when she could have argued, 756 00:56:40,400 --> 00:56:43,239 Speaker 1: she could have blamed other people. But there is a 757 00:56:43,280 --> 00:56:49,799 Speaker 1: theory that she didn't want to like link any Catholics 758 00:56:50,280 --> 00:56:53,560 Speaker 1: to this event, right, And what if the whole eating 759 00:56:53,640 --> 00:56:57,319 Speaker 1: mutton because you're not supposed to eat meat on Good 760 00:56:57,400 --> 00:57:02,879 Speaker 1: Friday was a distraction into a secret Catholic service, all right, 761 00:57:03,840 --> 00:57:06,479 Speaker 1: Because being Catholic and being a witch, they can both 762 00:57:06,480 --> 00:57:10,000 Speaker 1: get you, you know, convicted of heresy. Like you're done, 763 00:57:10,120 --> 00:57:15,040 Speaker 1: you know. So this is just a thought, but so 764 00:57:15,880 --> 00:57:20,640 Speaker 1: ends the story of the Pendule Witches. So of course, 765 00:57:20,760 --> 00:57:24,200 Speaker 1: if you liked My Tale of the Suffering of Women, 766 00:57:24,320 --> 00:57:24,919 Speaker 1: I feel for you. 767 00:57:24,840 --> 00:57:26,400 Speaker 2: To rate and review of five stars. 768 00:57:26,480 --> 00:57:28,360 Speaker 1: If you don't have anything nice to say, you don't 769 00:57:28,400 --> 00:57:31,920 Speaker 1: have to say anything at all. It's fine, I forgive you. 770 00:57:33,400 --> 00:57:36,440 Speaker 1: Oh my goodness, I just realized this is the first episode. 771 00:57:36,440 --> 00:57:40,440 Speaker 1: But I didn't say fuck this for a game of Soldiers. Well, 772 00:57:40,440 --> 00:57:44,080 Speaker 1: I've said it now you're welcome. So yeah, you can 773 00:57:44,080 --> 00:57:46,240 Speaker 1: follow me on the socials, you can follow me on 774 00:57:46,360 --> 00:57:50,120 Speaker 1: Patreon and all of the other things, and come to 775 00:57:50,200 --> 00:57:53,240 Speaker 1: London and see me. I'm doing a live podcast. It 776 00:57:53,360 --> 00:57:57,440 Speaker 1: is very fun. There is back and forth, there's good times. 777 00:57:57,600 --> 00:57:59,800 Speaker 1: I wear a dressed that definitely shows a little bit 778 00:57:59,840 --> 00:58:03,680 Speaker 1: too much cleavage and everyone has a good time. Sometimes 779 00:58:03,760 --> 00:58:07,520 Speaker 1: I even talk about them up at Treasure Island. With that, 780 00:58:08,240 --> 00:58:10,480 Speaker 1: I think I will have to say good day to you. 781 00:58:12,440 --> 00:58:19,080 Speaker 1: But before I do, it's recommendation time for listening Sabrina Carpenter. 782 00:58:19,160 --> 00:58:22,680 Speaker 1: You know what, listen to Sabrina Carpenter. I don't care 783 00:58:22,800 --> 00:58:25,880 Speaker 1: anything in the last like two years. 784 00:58:26,280 --> 00:58:26,760 Speaker 2: Give it a go. 785 00:58:27,200 --> 00:58:31,440 Speaker 1: It's fun, it's it's fluffy. It's a fuck you to 786 00:58:31,840 --> 00:58:39,960 Speaker 1: patriarchal society. So do that. For reading, I'm gonna recommend Bold, 787 00:58:40,320 --> 00:58:45,200 Speaker 1: Brilliant and Bad Irish Women from History by Marion Broderick. 788 00:58:46,640 --> 00:58:49,720 Speaker 1: And for watching Practical Magic. 789 00:58:49,840 --> 00:58:51,480 Speaker 2: We deserve this, okay. 790 00:58:51,920 --> 00:58:55,200 Speaker 1: But the lime and the coca, not ding drink, but 791 00:58:55,320 --> 00:58:57,960 Speaker 1: the lime and the coca. 792 00:58:58,120 --> 00:58:58,840 Speaker 2: I was actually in. 793 00:58:58,840 --> 00:59:03,480 Speaker 1: Salem the day the day that they announced Practical Magic two. 794 00:59:05,400 --> 00:59:11,080 Speaker 1: I've never had a perfect information moment as walking through 795 00:59:11,080 --> 00:59:15,440 Speaker 1: a graveyard in Salem to finding out Practical Magic two 796 00:59:16,120 --> 00:59:19,720 Speaker 1: is coming to us. And please, for the love of 797 00:59:19,880 --> 00:59:23,080 Speaker 1: all that is unholy, we're going with our witchy theme. 798 00:59:24,200 --> 00:59:28,440 Speaker 1: Someone give Nicole Kidman a high quality wig, because that 799 00:59:28,480 --> 00:59:31,040 Speaker 1: woman is wearing a wig, right. I want a high 800 00:59:31,120 --> 00:59:36,080 Speaker 1: quality wig. I want Game of Thrones at level wiggery. Okay, 801 00:59:36,600 --> 00:59:42,080 Speaker 1: Downtown Abbey level wigs. Okay, that's what we deserve. And 802 00:59:42,560 --> 00:59:46,480 Speaker 1: with that, my delicious friends, I will bid you ad 803 00:59:46,560 --> 00:59:51,080 Speaker 1: you adios au revoir of where is? 804 00:59:51,120 --> 00:59:53,400 Speaker 2: Then, my friends, bye bye,