1 00:00:09,320 --> 00:00:12,480 Speaker 1: When I was a reserve deputy in the Special Obst Division, 2 00:00:13,240 --> 00:00:16,440 Speaker 1: I worked often as part of the Jail Search Team 3 00:00:16,680 --> 00:00:21,040 Speaker 1: cell Extraction Response Team, and we would perform these cell 4 00:00:21,120 --> 00:00:24,680 Speaker 1: extractions so that we could search for contraband. So we 5 00:00:24,680 --> 00:00:28,040 Speaker 1: would pull the inmate out, make sure we were safe, 6 00:00:28,280 --> 00:00:30,920 Speaker 1: and then go on in and look for weapons and drugs, 7 00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:35,000 Speaker 1: cell phones, anything they were not supposed to have. The 8 00:00:35,080 --> 00:00:41,040 Speaker 1: inmates at the time were issued standard blue inmate uniforms. 9 00:00:41,479 --> 00:00:45,920 Speaker 1: If the inmate was issued an orange jumpsuit, it meant 10 00:00:45,960 --> 00:00:49,040 Speaker 1: they might have a medical condition and you needed to 11 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:53,760 Speaker 1: use extreme caution. If they were issued a red jumpsuit, 12 00:00:54,480 --> 00:00:59,320 Speaker 1: that meant they were dangerous and most often had extreme 13 00:00:59,360 --> 00:01:04,520 Speaker 1: mental illness of some type. So my very first cell 14 00:01:04,640 --> 00:01:10,600 Speaker 1: extraction ever was a very large man who was smiling 15 00:01:11,720 --> 00:01:16,120 Speaker 1: kind of that evil, kind of crazy look on his face, 16 00:01:16,240 --> 00:01:19,160 Speaker 1: like you shouldn't be smiling, but he was looking at 17 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:22,600 Speaker 1: me like you go ahead and unlock this cage if 18 00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:25,479 Speaker 1: you want to kind of thing. And the first thing 19 00:01:25,520 --> 00:01:29,800 Speaker 1: that I noticed he was wearing a red top and 20 00:01:29,920 --> 00:01:33,000 Speaker 1: orange pants, and all I can think of is he 21 00:01:33,080 --> 00:01:36,040 Speaker 1: as crazy as a rat in a coffee can. From 22 00:01:36,200 --> 00:01:39,000 Speaker 1: the hips up and from the hips down, he's eat 23 00:01:39,120 --> 00:01:42,440 Speaker 1: up with something I don't want. So all I knew 24 00:01:42,480 --> 00:01:45,640 Speaker 1: in that moment is I've got to use my wits 25 00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:49,360 Speaker 1: about me to understand how I can get this man 26 00:01:49,760 --> 00:01:53,400 Speaker 1: out of this cell safely for him and for me. 27 00:01:54,120 --> 00:01:58,760 Speaker 1: And I rely on our experts because again, I may 28 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:02,400 Speaker 1: know somebody is in some way, but I don't know 29 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:06,360 Speaker 1: what they're suffering from. So why do you bring in 30 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:09,800 Speaker 1: a psychiatrist when you're working a cold case or any 31 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:14,519 Speaker 1: criminal investigation for that matter. It's more than means motive 32 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:18,600 Speaker 1: an opportunity. Those three things are critical. Those things are 33 00:02:18,680 --> 00:02:22,320 Speaker 1: investigation one O one. Those are the three things you 34 00:02:22,360 --> 00:02:27,600 Speaker 1: need to understand and prove and apply. But there's always 35 00:02:27,760 --> 00:02:30,880 Speaker 1: the why, and the why is the thing that keeps 36 00:02:30,880 --> 00:02:35,240 Speaker 1: you up at night, Doctor Angie. This is where she 37 00:02:35,320 --> 00:02:38,720 Speaker 1: comes into play. So when you have a case like this, 38 00:02:39,840 --> 00:02:43,200 Speaker 1: a young mother of two that is murdered the way 39 00:02:43,240 --> 00:02:48,120 Speaker 1: that Melissa Wolfenberger is murdered, you need a doctor Angie 40 00:02:48,160 --> 00:02:53,160 Speaker 1: to explain to you this killer, Why did this person 41 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:57,960 Speaker 1: kill Why did they kill her? Why did they kill 42 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:02,760 Speaker 1: her in that manner? Those things you can use to 43 00:03:02,840 --> 00:03:06,280 Speaker 1: go toward the motive. Obviously that's going to help in 44 00:03:06,360 --> 00:03:10,519 Speaker 1: court to sway a jury. Motive is not needed in court, 45 00:03:10,960 --> 00:03:14,239 Speaker 1: but it helps. It helps for a jury to understand 46 00:03:14,360 --> 00:03:18,600 Speaker 1: what happened, why it happened. It also helps law enforcement 47 00:03:19,520 --> 00:03:22,800 Speaker 1: to know who to interview, who to reinterview, how to 48 00:03:22,840 --> 00:03:25,840 Speaker 1: go at somebody differently if they didn't get a confession 49 00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:32,240 Speaker 1: the first time. It'll also help, perhaps with prevention. So 50 00:03:32,320 --> 00:03:36,920 Speaker 1: when you work enough domestic violent homicides, you start to 51 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:40,520 Speaker 1: see patterns. You start to say, wait a minute, this 52 00:03:40,560 --> 00:03:44,000 Speaker 1: guy is saying the same thing to this victim that 53 00:03:44,040 --> 00:03:47,680 Speaker 1: the past five perpetrators have said. It's almost like they 54 00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:51,280 Speaker 1: have a playbook. You've heard more than one expert say 55 00:03:51,320 --> 00:03:54,480 Speaker 1: that it's straight out of the DV playbook. And the 56 00:03:54,520 --> 00:03:57,440 Speaker 1: reason we say that is because we keep hearing it 57 00:03:58,040 --> 00:04:03,320 Speaker 1: over and over and over. So doctor Angie is an 58 00:04:03,440 --> 00:04:08,760 Speaker 1: invaluable tool to us to understand the mind of this killer. 59 00:04:09,640 --> 00:04:13,280 Speaker 1: She also has the other side of that coin. She 60 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:18,080 Speaker 1: can help understand the victim and the victim's family, and 61 00:04:18,120 --> 00:04:22,040 Speaker 1: then she can help them get past it in some way, 62 00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:25,080 Speaker 1: help them accept it a little bit, help them use 63 00:04:25,160 --> 00:04:29,760 Speaker 1: it for good perhaps even But doctor Angie, I've seen her, 64 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:32,920 Speaker 1: I've seen her with Melissa's mama. I've seen her with 65 00:04:32,960 --> 00:04:38,200 Speaker 1: Melissa's sister. The moment she met them, she went to 66 00:04:38,320 --> 00:04:42,880 Speaker 1: work on how to make them better, give them comfort, 67 00:04:43,600 --> 00:04:48,960 Speaker 1: give them some type of certainly not closure, but understanding 68 00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:52,200 Speaker 1: and acceptance so they could get to the next place 69 00:04:52,240 --> 00:04:55,760 Speaker 1: that they need to get to live their life better. 70 00:04:56,440 --> 00:05:00,800 Speaker 1: Doctor Angie Arnold is a psychiatrist. It went to medical 71 00:05:00,839 --> 00:05:04,279 Speaker 1: school at the University of Tennessee, where she met her husband, 72 00:05:04,520 --> 00:05:08,680 Speaker 1: who's also a doctor. She then completed her residency at 73 00:05:08,720 --> 00:05:11,880 Speaker 1: Emory University here in Atlanta, and she's got a lot 74 00:05:11,920 --> 00:05:15,400 Speaker 1: of expertise in a lot of different areas. For example, 75 00:05:15,600 --> 00:05:17,400 Speaker 1: and just to name a few, because there's a lot 76 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:23,280 Speaker 1: of them, anxiety and depression, attention deficit disorder, work life balance, 77 00:05:23,680 --> 00:05:29,600 Speaker 1: cold cases, criminal behavior issues leading to crime, suspect and 78 00:05:29,800 --> 00:05:35,239 Speaker 1: victim centered criminological review. Doctor Arnold, Welcome to Zone seven. 79 00:05:35,680 --> 00:05:37,800 Speaker 2: Hi Cheryl, thank you so much for having me. 80 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:41,039 Speaker 1: You and I've had some good times we have have 81 00:05:41,120 --> 00:05:45,080 Speaker 1: it with Cheryl. I know on Melissa's case specifically, you 82 00:05:45,279 --> 00:05:49,839 Speaker 1: have been available day and night, and not just for me, 83 00:05:50,320 --> 00:05:52,839 Speaker 1: but you have reached out and tried to assist Tina 84 00:05:53,400 --> 00:05:56,440 Speaker 1: and Norma and make sure they kind of understand the 85 00:05:56,520 --> 00:05:59,480 Speaker 1: dynamics of everything that's happening. But I just wanted to 86 00:05:59,520 --> 00:06:01,400 Speaker 1: say public how much I appreciate you. 87 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:03,039 Speaker 2: Thank you, Cheryl, thank you so much. 88 00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:05,920 Speaker 1: If I were to look at this case like a will, 89 00:06:06,440 --> 00:06:10,040 Speaker 1: each spoke of this will leads to some type of violence. 90 00:06:10,680 --> 00:06:15,159 Speaker 1: Every person owned this will has had tragedy. There's not 91 00:06:15,360 --> 00:06:20,360 Speaker 1: one person that's escaped it. Not one. Not the parents, 92 00:06:21,320 --> 00:06:26,080 Speaker 1: not the grandparents, not the children, not the grandchildren. 93 00:06:25,720 --> 00:06:28,760 Speaker 2: Right, you know, Cheryl, What that says to me is 94 00:06:29,800 --> 00:06:33,560 Speaker 2: this family is very accustomed to this. You know, families 95 00:06:34,080 --> 00:06:38,719 Speaker 2: develop their own identities as a whole family, Okay, and 96 00:06:38,839 --> 00:06:44,240 Speaker 2: apparently this is the identity that this family has developed 97 00:06:44,760 --> 00:06:47,440 Speaker 2: for themselves. And that's going to be a very interesting 98 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:51,400 Speaker 2: fact as we move forward in the telling of their story. 99 00:06:51,920 --> 00:06:58,920 Speaker 1: Carl basically framed this identity for himself, which by proxy 100 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:00,640 Speaker 1: now belong to his. 101 00:07:00,720 --> 00:07:04,120 Speaker 2: Children and his wife. I mean, Cheryl, think about it. 102 00:07:04,279 --> 00:07:08,919 Speaker 2: Everybody somehow got drawn into this, didn't they. Norma his 103 00:07:09,120 --> 00:07:12,040 Speaker 2: wife got drawn into it, whether she wanted to or not. 104 00:07:12,880 --> 00:07:16,360 Speaker 2: We know that she was because of her love that 105 00:07:16,440 --> 00:07:21,880 Speaker 2: she felt for Carl. She was drawn into us. Then 106 00:07:21,960 --> 00:07:25,840 Speaker 2: there's Tina and Melissa, and I know that we're going 107 00:07:25,880 --> 00:07:31,119 Speaker 2: to talk specifically about Melissa today and how she felt 108 00:07:31,160 --> 00:07:34,600 Speaker 2: the need to perhaps get away from this family dynamic. 109 00:07:35,120 --> 00:07:37,960 Speaker 2: But then look at what she was drawn to. Look 110 00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:40,360 Speaker 2: at what she was drawn to because it was all 111 00:07:40,480 --> 00:07:41,120 Speaker 2: she knew. 112 00:07:41,680 --> 00:07:44,960 Speaker 1: Here's what's fascinating to me. As I listen to you talk. 113 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:49,920 Speaker 1: It sounds so clear when you're describing it, but when 114 00:07:49,960 --> 00:07:53,800 Speaker 1: you're living it. I would imagine, just like any of us, 115 00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:57,440 Speaker 1: when you find your person and you say, Okay, let's 116 00:07:57,480 --> 00:08:00,600 Speaker 1: get married or let's stay together, and you know you're 117 00:08:00,640 --> 00:08:06,400 Speaker 1: it for me, that you do find yourself with some 118 00:08:06,440 --> 00:08:10,960 Speaker 1: type of loyalty, whether it's misguided, whether it's misunderstood by 119 00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:14,600 Speaker 1: other people. Because you and I both have friends, because 120 00:08:14,600 --> 00:08:17,320 Speaker 1: you and I have laughed about this before, and we 121 00:08:17,400 --> 00:08:20,720 Speaker 1: may see their marriage from an outsider and go, how 122 00:08:20,760 --> 00:08:22,920 Speaker 1: in the world could she put up with that? But 123 00:08:23,000 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: it works for them. 124 00:08:24,800 --> 00:08:27,520 Speaker 2: And they know how to make it work. 125 00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:29,440 Speaker 1: And they know how to make it work right. So 126 00:08:29,520 --> 00:08:31,600 Speaker 1: every marriage is going to be a little different, whether 127 00:08:31,640 --> 00:08:34,439 Speaker 1: it comes to money, or how they raise their children, 128 00:08:34,559 --> 00:08:37,400 Speaker 1: or how they even live. I mean, they may live 129 00:08:37,440 --> 00:08:40,680 Speaker 1: in two separate houses, they may never share money, or bills, 130 00:08:40,800 --> 00:08:43,680 Speaker 1: or they may you know, have to rely on two 131 00:08:43,760 --> 00:08:47,640 Speaker 1: signatures fevery check. But again that marriage is yours and 132 00:08:47,679 --> 00:08:48,520 Speaker 1: it works for you. 133 00:08:48,920 --> 00:08:52,120 Speaker 2: When you say, Cheryl, that people don't even people aren't 134 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:57,560 Speaker 2: even aware of that. Maybe outsiders looking in see it 135 00:08:57,679 --> 00:09:00,480 Speaker 2: more clearly than they do. But when you've from a 136 00:09:00,520 --> 00:09:04,200 Speaker 2: certain upbringing, as Melissa did, and then you reach out 137 00:09:04,240 --> 00:09:07,120 Speaker 2: to find someone to live the rest of your life with, 138 00:09:07,840 --> 00:09:10,920 Speaker 2: just because you're reaching out to try to find something 139 00:09:11,559 --> 00:09:14,040 Speaker 2: and you think you have found it, it does not 140 00:09:14,320 --> 00:09:17,360 Speaker 2: mean that that person is going to provide for you 141 00:09:17,600 --> 00:09:20,760 Speaker 2: exactly what you were looking for. And so I think 142 00:09:20,800 --> 00:09:24,240 Speaker 2: that that's oftentimes why people are blinded in their search 143 00:09:24,320 --> 00:09:27,480 Speaker 2: for a partner in life. Because so Melissa goes out, 144 00:09:27,559 --> 00:09:32,720 Speaker 2: she's looking for someone. She considered Chris, her high school sweetheart, 145 00:09:33,040 --> 00:09:37,400 Speaker 2: but they were very very young when they first started 146 00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:41,280 Speaker 2: getting together. She was sixteen and Chris was seventeen. They 147 00:09:41,320 --> 00:09:46,080 Speaker 2: were so young, brains completely undeveloped. But Melissa was looking 148 00:09:46,320 --> 00:09:50,000 Speaker 2: for something, And when you're looking for something, you can 149 00:09:50,040 --> 00:09:54,319 Speaker 2: be so blinded about the person's misgivings, so you don't 150 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:56,720 Speaker 2: see them for who they really are, because you're seeing 151 00:09:56,760 --> 00:10:00,319 Speaker 2: them for who you want them to be, and Chris 152 00:10:00,880 --> 00:10:05,240 Speaker 2: was her way out of her current family dynamic. 153 00:10:06,200 --> 00:10:09,200 Speaker 1: We know that Melissa was a victim of crime when 154 00:10:09,200 --> 00:10:14,880 Speaker 1: she was younger, and so in your way of talking 155 00:10:14,920 --> 00:10:17,640 Speaker 1: about her, you think she's trying to escape that because 156 00:10:17,640 --> 00:10:18,920 Speaker 1: she doesn't want to be hurt again. 157 00:10:19,640 --> 00:10:22,520 Speaker 2: Yes, and I also believe she was looking for somebody 158 00:10:22,559 --> 00:10:26,520 Speaker 2: to love her. When kids this young get into relationships 159 00:10:27,240 --> 00:10:30,079 Speaker 2: where they just feel so much love for this person, 160 00:10:30,480 --> 00:10:32,600 Speaker 2: you know, not everybody feels that way when they get 161 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:36,559 Speaker 2: into an initial relationship because they have love from their 162 00:10:36,600 --> 00:10:40,439 Speaker 2: family of origin. But if you don't really have that 163 00:10:40,559 --> 00:10:43,679 Speaker 2: love at your core, if that didn't develop at your 164 00:10:43,720 --> 00:10:46,320 Speaker 2: core for whatever reason, then you're going to try to 165 00:10:46,360 --> 00:10:50,600 Speaker 2: find it outside of your family. Okay, But like I said, 166 00:10:50,920 --> 00:10:53,280 Speaker 2: you're looking for something. You don't really know what you're 167 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:56,720 Speaker 2: looking for, but you're looking for love. So that gives 168 00:10:57,559 --> 00:10:59,840 Speaker 2: another person. That gives the person that you're finding it 169 00:10:59,880 --> 00:11:04,560 Speaker 2: for the opportunity to do something that we call love bombing. 170 00:11:05,240 --> 00:11:08,000 Speaker 1: I've heard you use that term because I remember the 171 00:11:08,040 --> 00:11:11,599 Speaker 1: first time you tweeted something about it, and I responded 172 00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:15,240 Speaker 1: and said, oh, that sounds fantastic, because to me, a 173 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:20,000 Speaker 1: love bomb sounds like, oh my gosh, you know, kissing 174 00:11:20,080 --> 00:11:22,800 Speaker 1: and hugging and carrying on and gifts and happiness and 175 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:29,199 Speaker 1: like just this blast of wonderful happening. And you were like, girl, no. 176 00:11:30,080 --> 00:11:32,720 Speaker 2: And it doesn't have to be all of that, because 177 00:11:32,760 --> 00:11:35,680 Speaker 2: the person that is getting love bombed, first of all, 178 00:11:35,720 --> 00:11:39,920 Speaker 2: has typically been a target for us. Okay, they're vulnerable 179 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:43,560 Speaker 2: to this love bombing, okay, And the person can come in, 180 00:11:43,640 --> 00:11:48,040 Speaker 2: the love bomber can come in and just tell them 181 00:11:48,040 --> 00:11:51,200 Speaker 2: how pretty they are and how wonderful they are. They 182 00:11:51,200 --> 00:11:54,640 Speaker 2: don't maybe give them a flower, one little flower, right, 183 00:11:55,600 --> 00:11:58,680 Speaker 2: and then they've got them caught ryl Then they've got 184 00:11:58,720 --> 00:12:01,320 Speaker 2: them where they want them to be, in the palm 185 00:12:01,400 --> 00:12:03,560 Speaker 2: of their hand. Just a little bit of love bombing 186 00:12:03,600 --> 00:12:06,440 Speaker 2: does it because the person is so devoid of that 187 00:12:06,600 --> 00:12:11,040 Speaker 2: love and they're so vulnerable. Okay, so they get pulled in. 188 00:12:11,880 --> 00:12:16,440 Speaker 2: It's exciting. They've never felt this feeling before. Okay, they've 189 00:12:16,520 --> 00:12:20,520 Speaker 2: never felt this kind of love before, and so they're 190 00:12:20,640 --> 00:12:24,320 Speaker 2: they're trapped, they're brought into it. And typically the next 191 00:12:24,320 --> 00:12:28,080 Speaker 2: thing that happens is the partner that they think is 192 00:12:28,120 --> 00:12:32,640 Speaker 2: so wonderful starts to devalue them, and it can start 193 00:12:32,640 --> 00:12:36,040 Speaker 2: in very small ways at first. For example, you know 194 00:12:36,080 --> 00:12:38,360 Speaker 2: what I don't I don't like the color of your hair. 195 00:12:38,440 --> 00:12:40,520 Speaker 2: I think I think we need to I think you 196 00:12:40,559 --> 00:12:43,520 Speaker 2: need to cut your hair a little bit. Is that 197 00:12:43,559 --> 00:12:46,120 Speaker 2: shirt really the shirt that you want to wear? You 198 00:12:46,160 --> 00:12:49,800 Speaker 2: look a little frumpy in that shirt. Okay. They just 199 00:12:49,880 --> 00:12:55,760 Speaker 2: start very gently because they know what gets to this person. Okay, 200 00:12:56,760 --> 00:13:01,160 Speaker 2: they can also, so they start devaluing them, start devaluing 201 00:13:01,320 --> 00:13:06,400 Speaker 2: everything that that person appears to feel good about, and 202 00:13:06,440 --> 00:13:11,559 Speaker 2: then they jump in with another love bomb. Okay, so 203 00:13:12,240 --> 00:13:15,599 Speaker 2: let's call her the victim. The victim is so confused 204 00:13:15,640 --> 00:13:19,160 Speaker 2: by all of this because it's like playing Russian roulette 205 00:13:19,160 --> 00:13:21,800 Speaker 2: with your emotions. So what is the victim going to do. 206 00:13:22,400 --> 00:13:28,000 Speaker 2: She'll take the devaluation because she's hoping for that love 207 00:13:28,120 --> 00:13:33,600 Speaker 2: bomb again. Okay, she craves that love bomb. And this 208 00:13:33,679 --> 00:13:38,599 Speaker 2: is how someone can take a young person that's vulnerable, 209 00:13:38,960 --> 00:13:43,800 Speaker 2: away from her family of origin and entrap her in 210 00:13:43,960 --> 00:13:46,760 Speaker 2: the life that he wants her to live with him. 211 00:13:47,360 --> 00:13:50,680 Speaker 1: So let's start with Carl. First. You've read the letters. 212 00:13:50,960 --> 00:13:53,480 Speaker 1: You understand Carl as much as he's going to allow 213 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:56,760 Speaker 1: us to understand him. Right now, Carl will tell you 214 00:13:57,480 --> 00:14:01,000 Speaker 1: that he's loyal, that his family comes first and he 215 00:14:01,040 --> 00:14:04,160 Speaker 1: would do anything to protect them and provide for them. 216 00:14:04,520 --> 00:14:06,680 Speaker 1: All he wants is to be with them. 217 00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:10,760 Speaker 2: And Carl believes that, Cheryl. Let's know, Carl is saying 218 00:14:10,800 --> 00:14:14,480 Speaker 2: that because he believes that with all of his heart. 219 00:14:14,760 --> 00:14:18,120 Speaker 2: That is Carl's truth. Okay, I believe. 220 00:14:17,800 --> 00:14:20,280 Speaker 1: He does too, There's no doubt in my mind. And 221 00:14:20,360 --> 00:14:24,000 Speaker 1: I think he has convinced himself all of his past 222 00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:26,880 Speaker 1: crimes were ultimately for his family. 223 00:14:27,160 --> 00:14:29,760 Speaker 2: Yes, I believe he has convinced himself of that. Also. 224 00:14:30,240 --> 00:14:32,240 Speaker 2: I think that's the only way he can live with himself, 225 00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:34,480 Speaker 2: don't you Quite possibly. 226 00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:38,920 Speaker 1: But again, like you have said to me, somebody's perception 227 00:14:39,280 --> 00:14:42,080 Speaker 1: is their reality, that is their truth. So if I 228 00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:46,360 Speaker 1: perceived myself, yeah, I might be a gangster. But I've 229 00:14:46,480 --> 00:14:49,640 Speaker 1: never hurt my children. I've never hurt my wife, I've 230 00:14:49,680 --> 00:14:53,880 Speaker 1: never hurt my mother. I have only protected them by 231 00:14:53,920 --> 00:14:57,880 Speaker 1: harming other people. Is what he believes, and it makes 232 00:14:57,880 --> 00:15:00,480 Speaker 1: it all okay, And it makes it all okay. Yes, 233 00:15:01,120 --> 00:15:04,280 Speaker 1: and on some level all of us were that way. 234 00:15:05,280 --> 00:15:07,640 Speaker 1: I mean, I've heard you and doctor John talk even 235 00:15:07,680 --> 00:15:11,120 Speaker 1: about your medical school years. You were there for him, 236 00:15:11,560 --> 00:15:15,080 Speaker 1: You uplifted him, you supported him, you cooked for him, 237 00:15:15,560 --> 00:15:18,600 Speaker 1: you gave him comic relief. I've heard of some of 238 00:15:18,600 --> 00:15:20,920 Speaker 1: your stories where he said he was so stressed out 239 00:15:20,960 --> 00:15:22,920 Speaker 1: and then you would come on and you would say 240 00:15:22,920 --> 00:15:25,560 Speaker 1: something so funny, or you would say, oh, I just 241 00:15:25,600 --> 00:15:28,760 Speaker 1: can't do that surgery again. You know that was that 242 00:15:28,880 --> 00:15:32,280 Speaker 1: was kind of nasty, and he'd be like, but maybe 243 00:15:32,280 --> 00:15:35,040 Speaker 1: you're in medical school. I know, but I don't want 244 00:15:35,040 --> 00:15:37,720 Speaker 1: to touch that again, you know. And y'all were so cute, 245 00:15:37,760 --> 00:15:39,960 Speaker 1: but I mean, that's what it is. I've seen y'all 246 00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:43,840 Speaker 1: with your children. I know right now, if you and 247 00:15:43,880 --> 00:15:46,920 Speaker 1: I were out somewhere and somebody was fixing to talk 248 00:15:46,920 --> 00:15:49,320 Speaker 1: about little John crazy, I might have to pull you 249 00:15:49,360 --> 00:15:53,400 Speaker 1: off of them. Medical degree or not, you are a mama, 250 00:15:53,880 --> 00:15:57,160 Speaker 1: so on some level, and I want to be real 251 00:15:57,200 --> 00:16:01,920 Speaker 1: clear what I'm saying. On some level, we all understand 252 00:16:02,280 --> 00:16:07,400 Speaker 1: Carl Patten. Yes, all of us have said if anybody 253 00:16:07,960 --> 00:16:10,320 Speaker 1: were to hurt a child of mine, I would just 254 00:16:10,320 --> 00:16:11,440 Speaker 1: start burning stuff down. 255 00:16:16,520 --> 00:16:21,160 Speaker 2: What about Carl and Norma and their relationship. Let's think 256 00:16:21,160 --> 00:16:25,520 Speaker 2: about something real quickly, Cheryl, Carl and Norma again, it's 257 00:16:25,560 --> 00:16:28,600 Speaker 2: like this cycle that goes over and over again. They 258 00:16:28,720 --> 00:16:32,200 Speaker 2: met when they were fifteen years old. They had very 259 00:16:32,240 --> 00:16:36,240 Speaker 2: strong feelings with each other, and he was the love 260 00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:39,360 Speaker 2: of her life. So I want people to pay attention 261 00:16:39,400 --> 00:16:43,680 Speaker 2: to these very strong feelings that people have for their 262 00:16:43,720 --> 00:16:47,960 Speaker 2: significant other in this family. Okay, it's not a little 263 00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:50,920 Speaker 2: bit of a strong feeling. No. First of all, they're 264 00:16:51,040 --> 00:16:54,320 Speaker 2: very young, fifteen year old, so I kind of feel 265 00:16:54,360 --> 00:16:57,760 Speaker 2: like they're both kind of trying to escape something from 266 00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:02,040 Speaker 2: their families of origin. And then they're drawn together. They're 267 00:17:02,120 --> 00:17:05,520 Speaker 2: drawn together so intimately and tightly, and they feel so 268 00:17:05,680 --> 00:17:06,840 Speaker 2: strongly for each other. 269 00:17:07,200 --> 00:17:07,880 Speaker 1: Why is that. 270 00:17:09,040 --> 00:17:12,800 Speaker 2: I believe it's because there was something missing and their upbringing, 271 00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:15,920 Speaker 2: so it draws them very close. So what does that mean? 272 00:17:16,080 --> 00:17:20,719 Speaker 2: Carl and Norma shared this closeness, didn't they? They shared 273 00:17:20,760 --> 00:17:23,520 Speaker 2: this bond and not only were they not going to 274 00:17:23,560 --> 00:17:26,280 Speaker 2: let anything happen to their kids, they weren't going to 275 00:17:26,320 --> 00:17:29,280 Speaker 2: let anything happen to each other. Yes, and we have 276 00:17:29,359 --> 00:17:33,120 Speaker 2: to understand that, I believe, Cheryl, we have to understand 277 00:17:33,160 --> 00:17:37,399 Speaker 2: that background when we talk about Norma and what she 278 00:17:37,600 --> 00:17:39,240 Speaker 2: eventually did for Carl. 279 00:17:39,760 --> 00:17:43,520 Speaker 1: Agreed. And here's one thing that I want everybody to know. 280 00:17:43,600 --> 00:17:46,600 Speaker 1: That's listening. You and I were at an event with 281 00:17:46,720 --> 00:17:50,320 Speaker 1: Norma not too long ago and talking about this out 282 00:17:50,359 --> 00:17:54,280 Speaker 1: loud and her hearing everything, and we don't pull any punches. 283 00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 1: We'd tell the truth, and you know, Norma tells the truth. 284 00:17:59,400 --> 00:18:01,399 Speaker 1: And there was a one woman in the audience and 285 00:18:01,440 --> 00:18:06,520 Speaker 1: she said, well, when you divorced him, was that hard 286 00:18:06,560 --> 00:18:10,160 Speaker 1: on you? And Norma turned and looked at this woman 287 00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:14,760 Speaker 1: like are you crazy? Yeah, and Norma said, I'm married 288 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:19,920 Speaker 1: to him today. Like it blew Norma's mind that anybody 289 00:18:20,240 --> 00:18:23,200 Speaker 1: would they divorced. She was like, where did you get 290 00:18:23,240 --> 00:18:24,360 Speaker 1: that in the story. 291 00:18:24,720 --> 00:18:28,119 Speaker 2: I think about what Norma, what she has to go through, 292 00:18:28,560 --> 00:18:31,040 Speaker 2: and like you said, and people not understanding her, and 293 00:18:31,080 --> 00:18:34,320 Speaker 2: they can't even understand that she didn't divorce this man. Cheryl, 294 00:18:34,680 --> 00:18:37,879 Speaker 2: let us share with your audience that she goes to 295 00:18:37,920 --> 00:18:43,320 Speaker 2: see him. She visits him often in jail. That is 296 00:18:43,400 --> 00:18:46,960 Speaker 2: her husband. She is committed to this man, isn't she. 297 00:18:46,960 --> 00:18:50,480 Speaker 1: She drives two hours there, spends two hours with him, 298 00:18:50,560 --> 00:18:51,960 Speaker 1: and drives two hours home. 299 00:18:52,359 --> 00:18:54,960 Speaker 2: I mean that's like having a job and he's never 300 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:56,560 Speaker 2: getting out of jail, right. 301 00:18:56,600 --> 00:18:59,239 Speaker 1: I mean, if I had to put money somewhere, if 302 00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:02,360 Speaker 1: we're you know in Vegas he's never getting out. 303 00:19:02,760 --> 00:19:06,600 Speaker 2: The level of commitment she has to him is enormous. 304 00:19:07,200 --> 00:19:10,000 Speaker 2: They definitely have a bond with each other. 305 00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:16,240 Speaker 1: I think they were married twenty five years, twenty seven years, 306 00:19:16,720 --> 00:19:20,920 Speaker 1: and he's been in prison twenty She has almost been 307 00:19:20,960 --> 00:19:25,400 Speaker 1: married to him as long with him in prison as 308 00:19:25,400 --> 00:19:27,600 Speaker 1: she was married to him out of prison. 309 00:19:28,080 --> 00:19:30,920 Speaker 2: And you know, Cheryl, when we talk about this bond 310 00:19:31,240 --> 00:19:35,639 Speaker 2: that she that Norma and Carl have, I can only 311 00:19:35,680 --> 00:19:39,480 Speaker 2: imagine that that means that they also have a very 312 00:19:39,520 --> 00:19:42,200 Speaker 2: strong bond with the children that they brought on to 313 00:19:42,280 --> 00:19:45,360 Speaker 2: this earth. Well, you met Tina, I know, and I've 314 00:19:45,400 --> 00:19:49,840 Speaker 2: never seen Norma without Tina never. They're a very connected family. 315 00:19:50,080 --> 00:19:52,840 Speaker 2: Tina is always with her mother, and she feels very 316 00:19:52,880 --> 00:19:56,959 Speaker 2: strongly towards Melissa, who was her little sister. The family 317 00:19:57,040 --> 00:20:01,680 Speaker 2: had quite a bond, which again explos to us why 318 00:20:01,720 --> 00:20:05,800 Speaker 2: they've remained so connected even after what their father did, 319 00:20:05,960 --> 00:20:09,080 Speaker 2: because I think that they all believe, as he did, 320 00:20:09,240 --> 00:20:11,720 Speaker 2: that he was doing what he did to protect the family. 321 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:16,840 Speaker 1: In Carl's letters, he'll even write and say Tina May 322 00:20:17,760 --> 00:20:21,159 Speaker 1: is a lot like me, and he says that she 323 00:20:21,240 --> 00:20:25,080 Speaker 1: can be impatient waiting for answers. She is not going 324 00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:28,639 Speaker 1: to let anybody talk bad about her people. She is 325 00:20:28,680 --> 00:20:33,159 Speaker 1: not going to accept anything negative about her mama, or 326 00:20:33,160 --> 00:20:38,600 Speaker 1: her daddy or her sister. To this day, she'll be 327 00:20:38,600 --> 00:20:41,840 Speaker 1: the first one jumping, let's get in it. If somebody's 328 00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:49,240 Speaker 1: you know, saying something rude or disrespectful or even slightly accurate, 329 00:20:49,359 --> 00:20:52,879 Speaker 1: but they put it in a very negative slant, she's 330 00:20:53,840 --> 00:20:58,200 Speaker 1: you know, but again, it's that loyalty. And even if 331 00:20:58,240 --> 00:21:02,040 Speaker 1: it's a little, not a little, even if it's misguided 332 00:21:02,359 --> 00:21:06,320 Speaker 1: or flat out wrong in this particular situation, it's not 333 00:21:06,680 --> 00:21:07,200 Speaker 1: to them. 334 00:21:07,640 --> 00:21:09,919 Speaker 2: Well, I don't think it's wrong, Cheryl. I don't think 335 00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:11,879 Speaker 2: any of us should look at it as wrong because 336 00:21:11,880 --> 00:21:15,200 Speaker 2: that's their family, right, It's not even you know, it's 337 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:16,080 Speaker 2: their family. 338 00:21:16,440 --> 00:21:20,080 Speaker 1: You're right, But I want to specifically say, loyalty to 339 00:21:20,119 --> 00:21:22,720 Speaker 1: the point you're going to help somebody throw a dead 340 00:21:22,720 --> 00:21:26,960 Speaker 1: body in the river might be a little misguided, that's true, 341 00:21:28,080 --> 00:21:31,120 Speaker 1: you know, But again, normal will tell you. I mean, 342 00:21:31,359 --> 00:21:33,560 Speaker 1: I don't think she she didn't try to talk him 343 00:21:33,560 --> 00:21:35,920 Speaker 1: out of it. She's never told me that she didn't 344 00:21:35,920 --> 00:21:38,880 Speaker 1: try to stop him when the victims showed up. She's 345 00:21:38,920 --> 00:21:41,760 Speaker 1: never told me that She's never in any way said 346 00:21:42,160 --> 00:21:46,200 Speaker 1: we have got to go to the police. Ever, So 347 00:21:46,480 --> 00:21:51,119 Speaker 1: her loyalty for him went so far that when he 348 00:21:51,240 --> 00:21:53,880 Speaker 1: told her, I'm going to lure these two people here, 349 00:21:54,400 --> 00:21:56,720 Speaker 1: I'm gonna shoot them and then we're gonna get rid 350 00:21:56,760 --> 00:21:57,400 Speaker 1: of their bodies. 351 00:21:57,600 --> 00:22:01,399 Speaker 2: Do you also feel, Cheryl, that she believed as he did, 352 00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:04,320 Speaker 2: that those people needed to be done away with, that 353 00:22:04,400 --> 00:22:05,480 Speaker 2: he was doing the right thing. 354 00:22:05,800 --> 00:22:08,640 Speaker 1: From what they have articulated, there's no doubt about it. 355 00:22:09,880 --> 00:22:14,600 Speaker 1: There is at least one of them for sure. He 356 00:22:14,720 --> 00:22:18,520 Speaker 1: was violent. He was abusive, and I mean across the board. 357 00:22:19,280 --> 00:22:23,160 Speaker 1: He was abusive to Carl, he was abusive to children, 358 00:22:23,440 --> 00:22:26,880 Speaker 1: he was abusive to nieces and nephews. He was abusive 359 00:22:26,920 --> 00:22:31,920 Speaker 1: to wives, and we have that documented from court records, 360 00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:35,440 Speaker 1: so we know that's true. That's not something they're making up. 361 00:22:35,800 --> 00:22:39,520 Speaker 2: And Cheryl, what that means is they really felt like 362 00:22:39,560 --> 00:22:42,400 Speaker 2: they were doing the right thing. So why wouldn't Norman 363 00:22:42,520 --> 00:22:44,720 Speaker 2: have gone along with him? 364 00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:48,160 Speaker 1: All right, let's talk about Christopher. Give me your best simation. 365 00:22:48,960 --> 00:22:50,960 Speaker 2: I think I want to start by saying that this 366 00:22:51,240 --> 00:22:58,800 Speaker 2: very loyal family unit never liked him and they didn't 367 00:22:58,800 --> 00:23:03,000 Speaker 2: want Melissa with him, so they were very protective of Melissa. 368 00:23:03,400 --> 00:23:07,040 Speaker 2: And then it seems as if when he and Melissa 369 00:23:07,040 --> 00:23:12,040 Speaker 2: got together, he enticed Melissa to do a lot of trouble. 370 00:23:12,480 --> 00:23:15,080 Speaker 2: He got her into a lot of trouble, and maybe 371 00:23:15,080 --> 00:23:17,920 Speaker 2: that was exciting to her. I'm trying to I try 372 00:23:17,960 --> 00:23:19,720 Speaker 2: to figure that out when I think about it, that 373 00:23:20,160 --> 00:23:24,159 Speaker 2: maybe that trouble was with something that exciting that she 374 00:23:24,200 --> 00:23:27,240 Speaker 2: had never experienced before. Maybe that's why she was drawn 375 00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:30,800 Speaker 2: to it. I just don't know. Because there was police involvement. 376 00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:33,520 Speaker 2: I mean, it was bad the stuff that they were doing, 377 00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:33,879 Speaker 2: wasn't it. 378 00:23:33,960 --> 00:23:37,080 Speaker 1: Sheryl Well, Doc, this is one thing that blows my mind. 379 00:23:38,080 --> 00:23:45,560 Speaker 1: I can't imagine a teenager not being petrified of Carl Patten. True, 380 00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:50,680 Speaker 1: and you're talking about a teenager that convinces Carl Patten's 381 00:23:50,720 --> 00:23:54,640 Speaker 1: daughter to sneak out and steal his car. 382 00:23:56,480 --> 00:23:56,880 Speaker 2: Wow. 383 00:23:57,200 --> 00:24:01,040 Speaker 1: And then they drove to Oklahoma. Now, let me tell you, 384 00:24:01,200 --> 00:24:04,320 Speaker 1: I might go down the road and steal somebody's car. 385 00:24:04,640 --> 00:24:08,800 Speaker 1: I'll take the preacher's car, I'll take a police officer's car, 386 00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:12,360 Speaker 1: but I ain't gonna steal Car Pat's car. And Christopher 387 00:24:12,400 --> 00:24:14,480 Speaker 1: Wolfenberger did that twice. 388 00:24:14,960 --> 00:24:17,840 Speaker 2: It's amazing. And I'll tell you something, Cheryl, as much 389 00:24:17,880 --> 00:24:21,080 Speaker 2: as you. I mean, I just wonder what was in 390 00:24:21,160 --> 00:24:24,960 Speaker 2: Melissa's mind that she went along with us, because I 391 00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:27,200 Speaker 2: would think that she would be every bit of scared 392 00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:29,640 Speaker 2: of Carl as Chris should be. 393 00:24:29,920 --> 00:24:32,840 Speaker 1: Well. I think it also proves what Carl says he 394 00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:35,520 Speaker 1: never abused his children, he never laid a hand on them. 395 00:24:35,760 --> 00:24:40,520 Speaker 1: But it seems like to me Christopher must be one arrogant. 396 00:24:40,560 --> 00:24:43,679 Speaker 2: So arrogant or just flat out stupid, I don't know, 397 00:24:43,800 --> 00:24:45,600 Speaker 2: but definitely arrogant. 398 00:24:45,920 --> 00:24:49,520 Speaker 1: Maybe Melissa thought, oh, my man has proven to my 399 00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:52,960 Speaker 1: dad how manly he is. I don't know. That's why 400 00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:54,840 Speaker 1: I'm asking you, because I can't. 401 00:24:54,720 --> 00:24:57,520 Speaker 2: I don't know, Cheryl. I've always just kind of thought 402 00:24:57,560 --> 00:25:00,000 Speaker 2: that maybe this was fun and exciting for her. I mean, 403 00:25:00,119 --> 00:25:04,760 Speaker 2: she was only fifteen. Maybe she felt constrained by her family, 404 00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:07,239 Speaker 2: you know, maybe she felt like they kind of had 405 00:25:07,280 --> 00:25:08,440 Speaker 2: a thumb on her. 406 00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:12,240 Speaker 1: You mean, like every teenager, exactly sure, And this was 407 00:25:12,960 --> 00:25:17,560 Speaker 1: her exciting way out with this guy who was interested 408 00:25:17,600 --> 00:25:21,960 Speaker 1: in her, And so maybe the excitement overshadowed everything. 409 00:25:22,359 --> 00:25:24,240 Speaker 2: I don't know why, but I just can't shake that 410 00:25:24,280 --> 00:25:27,680 Speaker 2: feeling he loved bombed her. She thought, Wow, this is 411 00:25:27,720 --> 00:25:30,800 Speaker 2: the greatest thing ever. And you know what else? Was 412 00:25:30,840 --> 00:25:34,640 Speaker 2: she that different than her mother because her mother went 413 00:25:34,640 --> 00:25:36,800 Speaker 2: along with what Carl did? Right. 414 00:25:37,400 --> 00:25:40,760 Speaker 1: I've heard Norma say that. Norma told me, she said, 415 00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:46,399 Speaker 1: Tina may absolutely is Carl's daughter. She said, but Melissa, 416 00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:53,520 Speaker 1: my baby, was like me. And Norma's quiet, she's you know, reserved. 417 00:25:53,600 --> 00:25:55,879 Speaker 1: She is not going to walk in a room and 418 00:25:55,920 --> 00:25:57,880 Speaker 1: be the life of the party. You may not even 419 00:25:57,960 --> 00:26:01,600 Speaker 1: know she's there. And she of course loves her children, 420 00:26:01,680 --> 00:26:06,119 Speaker 1: loves her grandchildren, loves her mama, you know. And I 421 00:26:06,280 --> 00:26:09,440 Speaker 1: just again, this whole thing to me when you think 422 00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:14,080 Speaker 1: about it, You've got Carl who obviously committed five murders. 423 00:26:14,480 --> 00:26:16,960 Speaker 1: You've got Norma who helped him with at least two 424 00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:21,400 Speaker 1: of them. You've got Melissa who was murdered herself. You've 425 00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:27,080 Speaker 1: got Christopher that is really the only suspect on paper 426 00:26:27,480 --> 00:26:30,560 Speaker 1: for the murder of Melissa. And then you've got Tina, 427 00:26:31,240 --> 00:26:35,600 Speaker 1: whose father is a murderer, her mama Felony Ruhle murder, 428 00:26:36,080 --> 00:26:40,840 Speaker 1: her sister who was murdered, her brother in law who's. 429 00:26:40,720 --> 00:26:43,920 Speaker 2: A murderer, I mean, in all likelihood. 430 00:26:44,040 --> 00:26:47,680 Speaker 1: So if you think of Tina, it's like, my god, 431 00:26:48,280 --> 00:26:53,640 Speaker 1: every single person in your intimate family group and you're 432 00:26:54,200 --> 00:27:00,679 Speaker 1: just tight, patent family, it's touched by murder personally. 433 00:27:01,400 --> 00:27:03,159 Speaker 2: And you know, you've got to kind of hand it 434 00:27:03,160 --> 00:27:05,920 Speaker 2: to Tina that she hadn't cracked. 435 00:27:07,400 --> 00:27:08,359 Speaker 1: Tina is tough. 436 00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:12,200 Speaker 2: She has to be. Where's her support. It's like she's 437 00:27:12,240 --> 00:27:15,399 Speaker 2: the support now, she's the support system now. Isn't she 438 00:27:15,800 --> 00:27:18,960 Speaker 2: even the way she carries herself, Cheryl, don't you agree 439 00:27:19,200 --> 00:27:22,359 Speaker 2: when she walks into a room the way she carries herself, 440 00:27:22,760 --> 00:27:26,240 Speaker 2: it kind of makes her a little unapproachable. I love 441 00:27:26,280 --> 00:27:28,720 Speaker 2: to go up and hug people when I see them. 442 00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:32,840 Speaker 2: There aren't a lot of hugs going on there. She's 443 00:27:32,880 --> 00:27:34,640 Speaker 2: a little guarded with that. 444 00:27:35,280 --> 00:27:37,479 Speaker 1: Well, I'll tell you a funny story. I called her 445 00:27:37,480 --> 00:27:40,800 Speaker 1: one day and I was like, hey, remind me of 446 00:27:40,840 --> 00:27:45,560 Speaker 1: such and such, And she went for what like immediately 447 00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:49,159 Speaker 1: and it was nothing. It wasn't an intrusive question. I 448 00:27:49,160 --> 00:27:51,600 Speaker 1: didn't ask our social security number, you know. It was 449 00:27:51,640 --> 00:27:55,560 Speaker 1: something that was related to Carl And I started laughing 450 00:27:55,960 --> 00:27:58,000 Speaker 1: and she went, why are you laughing? And I said, 451 00:27:58,320 --> 00:28:00,679 Speaker 1: because I can't believe you, of all people, would have 452 00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:06,320 Speaker 1: trust issues. Well, she of course fell out laughing. Of 453 00:28:06,400 --> 00:28:10,080 Speaker 1: course she has trust issues. She doesn't completely trust the police, 454 00:28:10,760 --> 00:28:14,040 Speaker 1: but she needs them on her sister's case. She doesn't 455 00:28:14,359 --> 00:28:17,080 Speaker 1: trust her brother in law, ex brother in law, whatever 456 00:28:17,119 --> 00:28:21,120 Speaker 1: it is. She doesn't completely trust, you know, his family. 457 00:28:21,520 --> 00:28:25,080 Speaker 1: She doesn't completely trust where her niece and nephew fall. 458 00:28:25,640 --> 00:28:30,119 Speaker 1: She doesn't completely trust me. I'm nobody to her. She 459 00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:33,560 Speaker 1: doesn't completely trust the other experts. Who are they? They 460 00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:35,400 Speaker 1: say they're not going to do this, that and the other, 461 00:28:35,480 --> 00:28:38,600 Speaker 1: but what do I know? So that's her world. 462 00:28:38,800 --> 00:28:42,000 Speaker 2: Literally, I agree with you, Cheryl, because I've always, I've 463 00:28:42,040 --> 00:28:45,880 Speaker 2: often gotten that vibe from her, and so I just 464 00:28:46,080 --> 00:28:49,960 Speaker 2: I very respectfully step back a little bit because I 465 00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,520 Speaker 2: don't ever want her to think that I'm coming on 466 00:28:53,680 --> 00:28:57,520 Speaker 2: too strong. I feel like it's a little bit easier 467 00:28:57,720 --> 00:29:02,120 Speaker 2: to speak to Norma, her mother, But they're both a 468 00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:06,200 Speaker 2: little guarded as they should be. Like you said, for 469 00:29:06,240 --> 00:29:09,440 Speaker 2: how long did it did? Nobody even wanted to touch 470 00:29:09,560 --> 00:29:11,840 Speaker 2: this case because they didn't feel like it was anything 471 00:29:11,880 --> 00:29:15,560 Speaker 2: to touch, And it's so complicated and it's got so many, 472 00:29:15,880 --> 00:29:19,960 Speaker 2: so many parts to it. I imagine they feel like they've 473 00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:22,520 Speaker 2: just been hanging out there by themselves. This whole time. 474 00:29:23,480 --> 00:29:26,440 Speaker 1: And then here's the other piece. You have the family 475 00:29:26,480 --> 00:29:30,880 Speaker 1: members that are victims of Karl Patten. Oh yeah, And 476 00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:34,600 Speaker 1: that's a whole nother level because all of these folks 477 00:29:34,760 --> 00:29:38,479 Speaker 1: were intertwined at one point. They were all friends, they 478 00:29:38,480 --> 00:29:43,040 Speaker 1: were all family members. So Carl was related to Fred 479 00:29:43,880 --> 00:29:48,720 Speaker 1: and Marie, and then kind of by proxy Betty Joe, 480 00:29:49,320 --> 00:29:52,640 Speaker 1: and then you've got Joe Cleveland was his best friend. 481 00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:54,960 Speaker 1: So Joe Cleveland is in and out of the house. 482 00:29:55,240 --> 00:29:58,120 Speaker 1: Fred is in and out of the house. They all barbecue, 483 00:29:58,160 --> 00:30:01,360 Speaker 1: they all go camping, they all know each other. Tina 484 00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:08,760 Speaker 1: knew all of these people. Nobody's here to argue the 485 00:30:08,760 --> 00:30:12,240 Speaker 1: crimes of Carl Patten. But when we look at what 486 00:30:12,440 --> 00:30:16,200 Speaker 1: happened to Melissa, one thing I want you to address 487 00:30:16,640 --> 00:30:19,240 Speaker 1: that wakes me up at night sometimes and I just 488 00:30:19,280 --> 00:30:21,720 Speaker 1: have to think about it for hours and hours and 489 00:30:21,760 --> 00:30:25,880 Speaker 1: hours is her missing torso. So what does that say 490 00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:26,520 Speaker 1: to you? 491 00:30:26,960 --> 00:30:30,040 Speaker 2: I'm telling you, I lay awake at night thinking about that. Also, 492 00:30:30,800 --> 00:30:36,680 Speaker 2: there's several things I wonder, why would someone take a torso? 493 00:30:37,200 --> 00:30:42,400 Speaker 2: What could her torso have been hiding? She's a female, 494 00:30:42,760 --> 00:30:46,360 Speaker 2: her torso could have had a baby in it, and 495 00:30:46,640 --> 00:30:51,200 Speaker 2: to me, that would be the ultimate sign of hatred 496 00:30:51,920 --> 00:30:56,000 Speaker 2: and disrespect by whoever murdered her. If there was a 497 00:30:56,120 --> 00:30:59,840 Speaker 2: baby in her torso, So that's always my primary thing 498 00:30:59,840 --> 00:31:03,000 Speaker 2: that I go to. I just wonder if she was pregnant. 499 00:31:03,440 --> 00:31:06,440 Speaker 1: My theory has been that she was pregnant, and my 500 00:31:06,680 --> 00:31:11,000 Speaker 1: hope is that the torso was buried so there was 501 00:31:11,120 --> 00:31:14,680 Speaker 1: some respect, there was some love, there was some we're 502 00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:18,680 Speaker 1: going to honor film. But if that's not the case 503 00:31:19,160 --> 00:31:22,240 Speaker 1: and it was taken to another location for another reason, 504 00:31:22,920 --> 00:31:24,560 Speaker 1: that changes this whole thing. 505 00:31:25,520 --> 00:31:28,320 Speaker 2: And do you think there's even an ounce of a 506 00:31:28,440 --> 00:31:30,720 Speaker 2: chance that the torso will ever be located? 507 00:31:31,120 --> 00:31:33,120 Speaker 1: Oh? I always think there's a chance. And here's the 508 00:31:33,160 --> 00:31:38,040 Speaker 1: reason I do. Whoever this was obviously new Action Glass, 509 00:31:39,120 --> 00:31:43,440 Speaker 1: they knew Brookline, they knew Avon Avenue. I don't think 510 00:31:43,520 --> 00:31:47,640 Speaker 1: the torso was far and I have searched for it myself. 511 00:31:48,480 --> 00:31:52,400 Speaker 1: We had trace come out there with canines. Both canines 512 00:31:52,480 --> 00:31:55,920 Speaker 1: hit on an area and they only hit on body. 513 00:31:56,000 --> 00:32:00,880 Speaker 1: Decomp We had a geographical profile done would suggest the 514 00:32:00,920 --> 00:32:06,520 Speaker 1: same thing that it's close. So I don't believe that 515 00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:13,120 Speaker 1: the killer would risk transporting the largest piece of that body, 516 00:32:13,240 --> 00:32:16,040 Speaker 1: even in a trash bag, bodily flu is going to 517 00:32:16,120 --> 00:32:19,800 Speaker 1: leak out, and so I don't think he's going to 518 00:32:19,920 --> 00:32:24,280 Speaker 1: risk getting pulled over, you know, something falling off, something 519 00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:27,280 Speaker 1: spraying on another vehicle behind him. I just don't think 520 00:32:27,480 --> 00:32:30,920 Speaker 1: he would risk that. So I think whatever was done 521 00:32:31,080 --> 00:32:35,040 Speaker 1: was done right there in a close area. It is 522 00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:39,920 Speaker 1: important to note that Christopher Wolfenberger has denied any involvement 523 00:32:40,400 --> 00:32:41,479 Speaker 1: in Melissa's murder. 524 00:32:42,640 --> 00:32:44,880 Speaker 2: You know something that's just been on my mind this 525 00:32:44,960 --> 00:32:48,800 Speaker 2: whole time. So she's already got two children, right, So 526 00:32:48,920 --> 00:32:52,640 Speaker 2: apparently they it didn't bother them to have children, right 527 00:32:53,800 --> 00:32:57,560 Speaker 2: if she was pregnant, why would her husband have been 528 00:32:57,600 --> 00:33:00,080 Speaker 2: the one that killed her? And the only thing I 529 00:33:00,120 --> 00:33:02,080 Speaker 2: can come up with as if she was pregnant with 530 00:33:02,160 --> 00:33:03,360 Speaker 2: someone else's baby. 531 00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:08,560 Speaker 1: Correct, So we do know that there was an affair 532 00:33:09,440 --> 00:33:12,200 Speaker 1: that was spoken about as though it were fact. 533 00:33:12,600 --> 00:33:16,520 Speaker 2: I mean, to me, that makes sense because a man 534 00:33:16,680 --> 00:33:22,200 Speaker 2: like this Chris could never get over psychologically the fact 535 00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:25,560 Speaker 2: that his wife was pregnant with another man's child. And 536 00:33:25,640 --> 00:33:28,040 Speaker 2: I think that would be his motive for killing her. 537 00:33:28,320 --> 00:33:30,440 Speaker 1: And again, when you have a family like this and 538 00:33:30,520 --> 00:33:34,600 Speaker 1: dynamics like they were living with, it's not unusual that 539 00:33:34,680 --> 00:33:36,960 Speaker 1: you have more than one motive. That would be one. 540 00:33:37,640 --> 00:33:40,880 Speaker 1: Having a third baby when you're already struggling financially could 541 00:33:40,880 --> 00:33:44,280 Speaker 1: be another. And then the other thing that could very 542 00:33:44,320 --> 00:33:47,080 Speaker 1: well be a motive is she was due to go 543 00:33:47,160 --> 00:33:51,000 Speaker 1: to court to testify against him in a family violence 544 00:33:51,120 --> 00:33:55,720 Speaker 1: charge days before she went missing. Well, we all know 545 00:33:56,760 --> 00:33:59,160 Speaker 1: that when you've got a family violence charge and somebody's 546 00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:02,280 Speaker 1: talking about restrained in orders and knocking you out of 547 00:34:02,320 --> 00:34:05,719 Speaker 1: the house and taking your children, that could be a 548 00:34:05,920 --> 00:34:12,120 Speaker 1: very dangerous time. And literally, I'm not at all exaggerating 549 00:34:12,440 --> 00:34:15,960 Speaker 1: it was days when they served the notice for her 550 00:34:16,000 --> 00:34:19,080 Speaker 1: to come to court. I believe she was already dead. 551 00:34:19,320 --> 00:34:22,640 Speaker 1: Oh my gosh, because she never answered it. And of 552 00:34:22,640 --> 00:34:25,880 Speaker 1: course she never showed up for court either. Wow. 553 00:34:27,120 --> 00:34:30,040 Speaker 2: And so there had been there had been some history, 554 00:34:30,440 --> 00:34:34,440 Speaker 2: of course, of violence between Melissa and Chris. Right. Also, 555 00:34:35,120 --> 00:34:40,760 Speaker 2: Norma and Tina didn't really weren't they weren't really allowed 556 00:34:40,800 --> 00:34:43,120 Speaker 2: to see Melissa that much and her children that much, 557 00:34:43,160 --> 00:34:47,040 Speaker 2: were they? So that means there was some isolation going on. 558 00:34:47,680 --> 00:34:52,080 Speaker 2: Someone was isolating Melissa from her family of origin. 559 00:34:52,120 --> 00:34:55,959 Speaker 1: Straight out of the playbook, and that. 560 00:34:55,960 --> 00:34:59,319 Speaker 2: Is domestic violence. One oh one and I want your 561 00:34:59,320 --> 00:35:02,960 Speaker 2: listeners to hear that it's not something that you ignore. 562 00:35:03,080 --> 00:35:07,279 Speaker 2: If you're being isolated, that is a red flag all 563 00:35:07,360 --> 00:35:07,920 Speaker 2: day long. 564 00:35:08,160 --> 00:35:10,640 Speaker 1: Oh honey, keep going, tell them the truth, tell them 565 00:35:10,680 --> 00:35:11,279 Speaker 1: all of it. 566 00:35:11,280 --> 00:35:13,239 Speaker 2: It's a red flag. And you know, so many people 567 00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:16,200 Speaker 2: are like, oh, well, it's no big deal. You know, 568 00:35:16,239 --> 00:35:18,640 Speaker 2: I don't really get to see my friends anymore, and 569 00:35:19,120 --> 00:35:21,880 Speaker 2: that he doesn't really let me call my mom every day. 570 00:35:22,640 --> 00:35:25,560 Speaker 2: That is called isolation. And he is chipping away at 571 00:35:25,600 --> 00:35:28,480 Speaker 2: you so that you can be his prisoner, and that's 572 00:35:28,480 --> 00:35:31,360 Speaker 2: what you ultimately are. You know, another big point that 573 00:35:31,400 --> 00:35:34,560 Speaker 2: I want to make today on this podcast, Cheryl, I 574 00:35:34,680 --> 00:35:39,360 Speaker 2: want women out there to know that if you choose 575 00:35:40,080 --> 00:35:44,840 Speaker 2: to be in a relationship with a narcissist, okay, and 576 00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:47,399 Speaker 2: even if you figure out that they're a narcissist, if 577 00:35:47,440 --> 00:35:50,759 Speaker 2: whatever way you have chosen that you're going to be 578 00:35:50,800 --> 00:35:55,680 Speaker 2: in a relationship with a narcissist, you must then decide 579 00:35:56,160 --> 00:36:00,080 Speaker 2: that you are an object. You are an object that 580 00:36:00,360 --> 00:36:04,480 Speaker 2: person does not feel love for. So all the times 581 00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:06,319 Speaker 2: that you that you say to yourself, I don't know 582 00:36:06,960 --> 00:36:08,719 Speaker 2: why did he love me? Why does he talk to 583 00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:10,360 Speaker 2: me like this? Why does he treat me? Like this, 584 00:36:11,640 --> 00:36:16,080 Speaker 2: and certainly this story that we're telling today is the 585 00:36:16,719 --> 00:36:24,840 Speaker 2: ultimate example of a narcissist doing something to his object wife, 586 00:36:25,520 --> 00:36:28,399 Speaker 2: and that is to ultimately get rid of her. That's 587 00:36:28,440 --> 00:36:31,960 Speaker 2: what a narcissist does, Cheryl. Their ultimate goal is to 588 00:36:32,080 --> 00:36:35,080 Speaker 2: get rid of their object. 589 00:36:35,600 --> 00:36:38,520 Speaker 1: And here's the thing that blows my mind because this again, 590 00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:44,560 Speaker 1: if you're looking at the abuser's playbook, victims usually respond 591 00:36:44,680 --> 00:36:48,520 Speaker 1: the same way too. And this is something that drives 592 00:36:48,560 --> 00:36:53,720 Speaker 1: me absolutely crazy. If your mama, your best friend, your neighbor, 593 00:36:54,320 --> 00:36:59,200 Speaker 1: your doctor, your third grade teacher, if every single person 594 00:36:59,280 --> 00:37:03,160 Speaker 1: is telling you the same thing, you won't listen to them. 595 00:37:03,400 --> 00:37:07,440 Speaker 1: They're all wrong, they're all against your love. They just 596 00:37:07,520 --> 00:37:09,439 Speaker 1: want you not to be with the person you're meant 597 00:37:09,440 --> 00:37:12,000 Speaker 1: to be with. The only person they're going to listen 598 00:37:12,040 --> 00:37:13,200 Speaker 1: to is that abuser. 599 00:37:13,719 --> 00:37:16,560 Speaker 2: Well, because he's done such a good job of laying 600 00:37:16,600 --> 00:37:20,880 Speaker 2: down a new foundation for you. Okay, And I'm Cheryl, 601 00:37:20,960 --> 00:37:24,240 Speaker 2: I'm telling you, I cannot tell you how many patients 602 00:37:24,320 --> 00:37:27,000 Speaker 2: I take care of in all different walks of life 603 00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:32,640 Speaker 2: that are in relationships like this where they have been gaslighted. 604 00:37:33,440 --> 00:37:38,239 Speaker 2: So what happens is you say one thing and the 605 00:37:38,719 --> 00:37:40,879 Speaker 2: person goes, I don't know what you're talking about. That's 606 00:37:40,880 --> 00:37:45,920 Speaker 2: not true gaslighting, okay. And then you start to doubt 607 00:37:46,239 --> 00:37:51,120 Speaker 2: everything you think. You start to what, I wasn't out 608 00:37:51,160 --> 00:37:54,040 Speaker 2: with another woman, but I saw her name and your phone. 609 00:37:54,520 --> 00:37:58,120 Speaker 2: No you didn't, and you start to question the very 610 00:37:58,160 --> 00:38:03,400 Speaker 2: foundation of ever ever. Okay. But they started out with 611 00:38:03,480 --> 00:38:05,960 Speaker 2: that love bombing, which you might not have gotten from 612 00:38:05,960 --> 00:38:09,040 Speaker 2: anybody else. Then they devalue you a little bit, and 613 00:38:09,080 --> 00:38:13,400 Speaker 2: the devaluation. They do the devaluation, Cheryl, so that you 614 00:38:13,480 --> 00:38:17,719 Speaker 2: won't leave them, okay, because they make you feel like, well, 615 00:38:17,760 --> 00:38:19,719 Speaker 2: nobody else is going to love you. You can't go 616 00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:24,600 Speaker 2: anywhere else. And then they start to make you doubt 617 00:38:25,040 --> 00:38:26,880 Speaker 2: all of the thoughts that go through your head. And 618 00:38:26,920 --> 00:38:31,799 Speaker 2: I'm telling you, Cheryl, this stuff works. It works. Everyone 619 00:38:31,880 --> 00:38:35,160 Speaker 2: out there that is listening to this podcast should go 620 00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:39,839 Speaker 2: out and read some sort of book about narcissism and 621 00:38:40,000 --> 00:38:43,600 Speaker 2: trauma bonds. Those are the two biggest things you should 622 00:38:43,640 --> 00:38:47,359 Speaker 2: read about before you get into any relationship. And you've 623 00:38:47,360 --> 00:38:50,680 Speaker 2: got to steer yourself away from those kinds of relationships. 624 00:38:50,840 --> 00:38:53,759 Speaker 2: And I'll tell you it's hard, because Cheryl, I've got 625 00:38:54,320 --> 00:38:57,120 Speaker 2: I think half of my practice has this problem going 626 00:38:57,160 --> 00:39:01,799 Speaker 2: on is that crazy hard to pull women away from it. 627 00:39:01,800 --> 00:39:05,919 Speaker 2: It's very hard, and it's you know, they'll typically stay 628 00:39:05,920 --> 00:39:09,279 Speaker 2: in a relationship for a good twenty years before they 629 00:39:09,320 --> 00:39:12,319 Speaker 2: finally just can't take it anymore. And they're old enough 630 00:39:12,360 --> 00:39:15,640 Speaker 2: typically to see how it's affecting their own children that 631 00:39:15,680 --> 00:39:19,640 Speaker 2: they have now, and then they finally get the strength 632 00:39:19,960 --> 00:39:23,200 Speaker 2: to get out of that relationship. But it can last 633 00:39:23,239 --> 00:39:27,120 Speaker 2: for years. But poor Melissa didn't have a chance, did she. 634 00:39:27,120 --> 00:39:31,600 Speaker 2: She didn't have a chance because I think her narcissist 635 00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:35,120 Speaker 2: was probably also a sociopath, which just takes it to 636 00:39:35,160 --> 00:39:39,000 Speaker 2: another level. I mean, that's why we think that he's 637 00:39:39,000 --> 00:39:39,600 Speaker 2: guilty of this. 638 00:39:40,400 --> 00:39:44,239 Speaker 1: And you know, that's the thing. Melissa had a known 639 00:39:44,560 --> 00:39:48,680 Speaker 1: killer tell her this guy's no good for you. Melissa 640 00:39:48,719 --> 00:39:52,920 Speaker 1: had a known killer whoop his behind in public once, 641 00:39:53,480 --> 00:39:55,359 Speaker 1: and still she went back to him. 642 00:39:55,960 --> 00:39:59,960 Speaker 2: Yeah, because he made her feel some sort of law, 643 00:40:01,040 --> 00:40:04,799 Speaker 2: some sort of romanticized love, and she was scared of him. 644 00:40:06,000 --> 00:40:09,000 Speaker 2: I'm telling you there was probably domestic violence going on 645 00:40:09,120 --> 00:40:13,040 Speaker 2: in there, intimate partner violence, call it whatever you want, 646 00:40:13,440 --> 00:40:15,920 Speaker 2: but she was I think she was probably scared of 647 00:40:15,960 --> 00:40:18,560 Speaker 2: him too, So she had this funny back and forth 648 00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:21,239 Speaker 2: where she loved him and she was scared of him, 649 00:40:21,680 --> 00:40:24,640 Speaker 2: and he would he would make her fearful, but then 650 00:40:24,680 --> 00:40:27,000 Speaker 2: the next day he would do something that made her 651 00:40:27,360 --> 00:40:31,239 Speaker 2: feel that love again. And it's a bond. It's that's 652 00:40:31,280 --> 00:40:34,720 Speaker 2: why it's called a trauma bond, and it's so hard 653 00:40:34,760 --> 00:40:38,520 Speaker 2: for people to unweave themselves from it. And then he's 654 00:40:38,560 --> 00:40:41,880 Speaker 2: isolating her, so the only person people she has to 655 00:40:41,920 --> 00:40:44,680 Speaker 2: talk to, she's taking care of these two babies. God 656 00:40:44,719 --> 00:40:47,520 Speaker 2: only knows if she was suffering from postpartum depression after 657 00:40:47,560 --> 00:40:51,120 Speaker 2: that also, which puts a whole nother kink in the chain. Okay, 658 00:40:51,680 --> 00:40:55,560 Speaker 2: and she can't even talk to her own mother because 659 00:40:55,600 --> 00:40:57,759 Speaker 2: she's been isolated from her own mother. 660 00:40:58,760 --> 00:41:01,799 Speaker 1: Doctor Arnold, do you have any advice that you want 661 00:41:01,840 --> 00:41:03,920 Speaker 1: to give right now to everybody listening? 662 00:41:04,640 --> 00:41:06,400 Speaker 2: You know what, Cheryl I got to tell you. I 663 00:41:06,480 --> 00:41:08,680 Speaker 2: believe that every young girl, and I take care of 664 00:41:08,719 --> 00:41:11,040 Speaker 2: a lot of young girls that are in college and whatnot. 665 00:41:12,160 --> 00:41:16,400 Speaker 2: You can have fun all day long, but educate yourself 666 00:41:16,480 --> 00:41:20,480 Speaker 2: about narcissist And if you're having a hard time with 667 00:41:21,120 --> 00:41:25,680 Speaker 2: your family of origin, go talk to a professional about it. 668 00:41:26,120 --> 00:41:28,680 Speaker 2: Don't allow somebody else to come in your life and 669 00:41:28,760 --> 00:41:32,200 Speaker 2: try to fix that for you because there's a reason 670 00:41:32,600 --> 00:41:35,319 Speaker 2: that you're having that trouble and get to the root 671 00:41:35,360 --> 00:41:38,000 Speaker 2: of what that trouble is, okay, and the best way 672 00:41:38,040 --> 00:41:40,560 Speaker 2: to do that is to talk to a good therapist 673 00:41:40,600 --> 00:41:44,160 Speaker 2: about that. Do that for yourself. You deserve that, and 674 00:41:44,239 --> 00:41:50,200 Speaker 2: while you're doing it, educate yourself on narcissistic abuse and 675 00:41:50,360 --> 00:41:54,719 Speaker 2: narcissistic trauma. It's the best thing I believe that young 676 00:41:54,760 --> 00:41:59,719 Speaker 2: women can do for themselves to prevent a horrific outcome 677 00:41:59,800 --> 00:42:00,960 Speaker 2: like Melissa suffered. 678 00:42:02,040 --> 00:42:05,160 Speaker 1: Doctor Arnold, thank you so much for being with us, 679 00:42:05,600 --> 00:42:07,520 Speaker 1: and thank you for your advice, and thank you for 680 00:42:07,560 --> 00:42:09,320 Speaker 1: the way you take care of so many people. 681 00:42:09,760 --> 00:42:10,640 Speaker 2: Thank you, Cheryl. 682 00:42:11,160 --> 00:42:13,160 Speaker 1: I'm going to end Zone Heaven the way I always 683 00:42:13,200 --> 00:42:16,760 Speaker 1: do with a quote, and this comes from Doctor Oz 684 00:42:17,360 --> 00:42:20,080 Speaker 1: who had me on his show twice for two different 685 00:42:20,080 --> 00:42:24,920 Speaker 1: cold cases, and after airing on his show, both were solved. 686 00:42:25,840 --> 00:42:31,240 Speaker 1: And Doctor Oz says, and I quote, people change based 687 00:42:31,280 --> 00:42:36,279 Speaker 1: on what they feel more than what they know, and 688 00:42:36,360 --> 00:42:39,160 Speaker 1: I don't think that could be any more accurate than 689 00:42:39,200 --> 00:42:44,480 Speaker 1: talking about Melissa Wolfenberger. I'm Cheryl McCollum and this is 690 00:42:44,600 --> 00:42:45,120 Speaker 1: one seven