1 00:00:05,559 --> 00:00:09,000 Speaker 1: Hi, I'm Daniel and I'm Jrrie, and we're here to 2 00:00:09,440 --> 00:00:13,920 Speaker 1: explain the universe. Dude came in so late there. Oh, 3 00:00:14,200 --> 00:00:16,960 Speaker 1: I'm sorry. I travel back in time and get that right. 4 00:00:17,040 --> 00:00:22,960 Speaker 1: I guess I was out of time. Hi. I'm Daniel 5 00:00:23,120 --> 00:00:27,200 Speaker 1: and I'm Jrrie, and we're here to explain the universe. 6 00:00:42,400 --> 00:00:45,879 Speaker 1: I'm Horri. I'm a cartoonist the creator of PhD Comics. 7 00:00:45,920 --> 00:00:49,080 Speaker 1: And I'm Daniel. I'm a particle physicist, and together were 8 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:51,840 Speaker 1: the authors of the book We Have No Idea, which 9 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:54,000 Speaker 1: tries to tackle some of the biggest questions of the 10 00:00:54,080 --> 00:00:57,160 Speaker 1: universe and doesn't answer any of them. That's right. Like, 11 00:00:57,360 --> 00:01:06,200 Speaker 1: for example, today's topic, which is which movies get time travel? Right? 12 00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:10,280 Speaker 1: Are there any science fiction movies that actually get time 13 00:01:10,319 --> 00:01:15,440 Speaker 1: travel scientifically correct? Any that could really plausibly happen given 14 00:01:15,560 --> 00:01:18,160 Speaker 1: some technology in the future that we could invent. That's 15 00:01:18,200 --> 00:01:20,520 Speaker 1: the question we're going to tackle today. We went out 16 00:01:20,560 --> 00:01:22,240 Speaker 1: in the street and we asked people what they thought. 17 00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:24,760 Speaker 1: What do you think? Here's what people in the street 18 00:01:24,800 --> 00:01:33,360 Speaker 1: had to say. Do you think time travel is possible? Um? 19 00:01:33,400 --> 00:01:38,920 Speaker 1: I think theoretically yes, like based on math and everything, 20 00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:41,839 Speaker 1: but I don't think we as humans will be able 21 00:01:41,880 --> 00:01:45,080 Speaker 1: to I hope so, but I don't know if it is, 22 00:01:45,120 --> 00:01:49,040 Speaker 1: because everyone in movies always says you need infinite energy, 23 00:01:49,080 --> 00:01:54,000 Speaker 1: and I don't think that's possible. Probably. I mean, there's 24 00:01:54,040 --> 00:01:56,280 Speaker 1: so much out there that we don't know about that 25 00:01:56,480 --> 00:01:58,960 Speaker 1: I don't think I could really rule it out. What's 26 00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:02,280 Speaker 1: your favorite time of a movie, Daniel Man, I gotta 27 00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:04,440 Speaker 1: tell you, I don't think I like any time travel movies. 28 00:02:05,760 --> 00:02:08,760 Speaker 1: What do you mean you can't enjoy any of them? Right? 29 00:02:08,880 --> 00:02:10,959 Speaker 1: The problem for me is that when I watched science fiction, 30 00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:13,160 Speaker 1: I really wanted to make sense. I mean, you can 31 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:15,480 Speaker 1: invent whatever rules you want, you come up with your 32 00:02:15,480 --> 00:02:18,560 Speaker 1: own universe, with your own physics, whatever, but then it 33 00:02:18,639 --> 00:02:21,120 Speaker 1: has to follow those rules, because if you don't follow 34 00:02:21,160 --> 00:02:23,640 Speaker 1: the rules, then anything can happen, and then you're not 35 00:02:23,720 --> 00:02:26,400 Speaker 1: really invested because at any point the plot could just 36 00:02:26,440 --> 00:02:29,239 Speaker 1: shift and twist and spike, and you know, you could 37 00:02:29,480 --> 00:02:32,920 Speaker 1: save the universe with crazy glowing bananas or something. So 38 00:02:32,960 --> 00:02:34,880 Speaker 1: you have to have some rules. What do you think 39 00:02:34,919 --> 00:02:37,880 Speaker 1: it's it's so appealing about time travel, right, there's so 40 00:02:37,880 --> 00:02:42,399 Speaker 1: many movies about it books. Why do you think humans 41 00:02:43,320 --> 00:02:45,600 Speaker 1: love to think about time travel? Or wish they could 42 00:02:45,600 --> 00:02:47,800 Speaker 1: do it. I think there's a lot of reasons. I 43 00:02:47,840 --> 00:02:50,600 Speaker 1: think one is just fascination, Like I'd like to go 44 00:02:50,600 --> 00:02:53,160 Speaker 1: back and see what dinosaurs really look like, or I'd 45 00:02:53,200 --> 00:02:56,120 Speaker 1: like to know who really killed JFK. Or I'd like 46 00:02:56,200 --> 00:02:58,640 Speaker 1: to travel to the future and like learn the secrets 47 00:02:58,680 --> 00:03:01,400 Speaker 1: of the universe that humans will one day reveal. Right, 48 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:05,440 Speaker 1: this feeling that we're like trapped in the present. We 49 00:03:05,440 --> 00:03:08,280 Speaker 1: could travel somewhere else, We could we could see and 50 00:03:08,360 --> 00:03:10,880 Speaker 1: learn something new. And some of these things are facts, 51 00:03:10,919 --> 00:03:13,880 Speaker 1: like there is a real story about how the dinosaurs died, 52 00:03:14,120 --> 00:03:16,600 Speaker 1: or how the moon was made or all this kind 53 00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:19,240 Speaker 1: of stuff. It really happened, and in some cases the 54 00:03:19,240 --> 00:03:20,919 Speaker 1: clues for it are just gone. And if you could 55 00:03:20,919 --> 00:03:23,200 Speaker 1: travel back in time, you could you could learn those 56 00:03:23,240 --> 00:03:25,919 Speaker 1: things for real. The other big thing is that people 57 00:03:26,200 --> 00:03:29,520 Speaker 1: wish they could change things they've done in the past. Right, 58 00:03:29,840 --> 00:03:32,200 Speaker 1: of course, who doesn't try. Yeah, like regret, you have 59 00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:34,480 Speaker 1: regret about things you did. You wish you could go 60 00:03:34,520 --> 00:03:38,040 Speaker 1: back and like, um, I don't know, we'd been more 61 00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:41,960 Speaker 1: bold with a certain person or been more said something 62 00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:44,600 Speaker 1: differently than before. So that feeling of regret, like oh, 63 00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:47,120 Speaker 1: I can't go back, that's right, and we're trained like 64 00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:49,400 Speaker 1: in video games, you know you have another life, or 65 00:03:49,440 --> 00:03:51,520 Speaker 1: you can save the game and go back and try 66 00:03:51,520 --> 00:03:54,680 Speaker 1: it again. Right, it's a really tempting idea. Or you 67 00:03:54,760 --> 00:03:56,680 Speaker 1: remember an argument you had and then you wish you 68 00:03:56,720 --> 00:03:58,960 Speaker 1: had gone back and said something different, like when you've 69 00:03:58,960 --> 00:04:01,760 Speaker 1: had time later to come up with a really juicy 70 00:04:01,880 --> 00:04:03,680 Speaker 1: zinger and you could go back and deliver it and 71 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:07,120 Speaker 1: embarrass somebody. We've all fantasized about that. And then in 72 00:04:07,520 --> 00:04:10,720 Speaker 1: the future, we worry about the future. Right, it's like 73 00:04:10,760 --> 00:04:13,480 Speaker 1: an unknown that makes us concern, so we somebody's wish 74 00:04:13,480 --> 00:04:16,840 Speaker 1: we could see what would happen, what's going to happen? Yeah, yeah, 75 00:04:16,960 --> 00:04:19,080 Speaker 1: Or even steal secrets from the future. Right. Imagine you 76 00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:21,600 Speaker 1: could go forward in a hundred years, scoop up a 77 00:04:21,640 --> 00:04:23,680 Speaker 1: bunch of inventions, bring them back, and then you know, 78 00:04:23,800 --> 00:04:27,280 Speaker 1: get rich and famous. Rights steal steal ideas from from 79 00:04:27,440 --> 00:04:29,680 Speaker 1: people who haven't even been born yet. Right, it's like 80 00:04:29,880 --> 00:04:32,880 Speaker 1: almost a victimless crime because the victims are not even yet. 81 00:04:32,880 --> 00:04:35,920 Speaker 1: Fetus is right, so you could again, but again it's 82 00:04:35,960 --> 00:04:38,920 Speaker 1: I guess it's also again this idea of um the 83 00:04:38,960 --> 00:04:41,760 Speaker 1: past and the future being inaccessible to us. Like you said, 84 00:04:41,760 --> 00:04:44,520 Speaker 1: we're trapped in the present, and the president itself is 85 00:04:44,520 --> 00:04:46,760 Speaker 1: a weird idea, like what is the present? You know, 86 00:04:46,760 --> 00:04:49,479 Speaker 1: if you imagine like time is like a line, the 87 00:04:49,520 --> 00:04:53,120 Speaker 1: president is like a moment an instant along that line. 88 00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:56,279 Speaker 1: But weirdly, it's not static, right, It's not a place 89 00:04:56,320 --> 00:04:59,440 Speaker 1: like in space. It like moves forward at one second 90 00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:02,599 Speaker 1: per secon And we could spend a whole podcast diving 91 00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:05,720 Speaker 1: into the mysteries and the science of time, and probably 92 00:05:05,760 --> 00:05:08,359 Speaker 1: we should. We don't have time time today, but I 93 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:11,000 Speaker 1: think it's it's worth thinking about what time is so 94 00:05:11,080 --> 00:05:15,640 Speaker 1: we can understand what aspects of time travel are scientifically problematic, um, 95 00:05:15,760 --> 00:05:17,840 Speaker 1: so that we're prepared when we dig into all these 96 00:05:18,080 --> 00:05:21,960 Speaker 1: deeply flawed time travel movies. Yeah, well then that makes 97 00:05:21,960 --> 00:05:25,320 Speaker 1: sense why there's so many movies and and and stories 98 00:05:25,360 --> 00:05:29,159 Speaker 1: about it. It's like it's a great fantasy to be 99 00:05:29,200 --> 00:05:31,440 Speaker 1: able to travel through time. Absolutely, I'd love to be 100 00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:33,080 Speaker 1: able to do it. I mean, if somebody built a 101 00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:35,520 Speaker 1: real working time machine, I would be first in line 102 00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:38,720 Speaker 1: to use it to answer deep questions about the universe 103 00:05:38,760 --> 00:05:41,039 Speaker 1: and go forwards and backwards and you know, buy different 104 00:05:41,040 --> 00:05:43,120 Speaker 1: pair of socks and all sorts of stuff. We just 105 00:05:43,120 --> 00:05:46,160 Speaker 1: wrote down a little sentence here that I think I 106 00:05:46,279 --> 00:05:49,680 Speaker 1: will help us, uh drive home the point of what 107 00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:54,560 Speaker 1: time is, which is by saying what time is not? Right? Absolutely, 108 00:05:54,920 --> 00:05:57,719 Speaker 1: that's a great way to find a long list of 109 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:02,960 Speaker 1: what time isn't time, it's not rather berries, I'm clouds. Yeah. Well, 110 00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:05,760 Speaker 1: but an interesting one we wrote down was time is 111 00:06:05,839 --> 00:06:10,320 Speaker 1: not like space? Right? What does that mean? Well, we're 112 00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:12,560 Speaker 1: all fascinated with space, right, And the idea of space 113 00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:15,560 Speaker 1: travel is fun, and even just in terms of space, 114 00:06:15,600 --> 00:06:18,359 Speaker 1: like is in your environment, like where you are on Earth. 115 00:06:18,960 --> 00:06:20,680 Speaker 1: We get in our car, we drive somewhere. We have 116 00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:23,159 Speaker 1: this agency, right, we can go where we want. We 117 00:06:23,160 --> 00:06:25,200 Speaker 1: can move forward and backwards, we can move up and 118 00:06:25,240 --> 00:06:27,200 Speaker 1: down a little bit, we can move side to side. 119 00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:30,040 Speaker 1: We have this freedom to move in space. And I 120 00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:32,279 Speaker 1: think that's where this notion of travel comes from. And 121 00:06:32,320 --> 00:06:36,040 Speaker 1: we'd love to apply that same notion to time. And 122 00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:40,480 Speaker 1: in fact, it's very scientifically titilating to think of time 123 00:06:40,640 --> 00:06:43,920 Speaker 1: as a fourth dimension of space. And it's true that 124 00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:47,440 Speaker 1: in Einstein's relativity he binds time and space together into 125 00:06:47,480 --> 00:06:50,880 Speaker 1: this one concept called space time. The two things get 126 00:06:50,960 --> 00:06:54,640 Speaker 1: part of the same kind of space, right, All kinds 127 00:06:54,640 --> 00:06:58,960 Speaker 1: of all part of the same mathematical construct. It's a 128 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:02,719 Speaker 1: four dimensional mathematical construct that has three dimensions of space 129 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:05,839 Speaker 1: and one dimension of time. And we kind of wish 130 00:07:05,880 --> 00:07:08,720 Speaker 1: we could travel through time the way we travel around 131 00:07:08,720 --> 00:07:11,640 Speaker 1: in space, like skipping around or doing loops or going 132 00:07:11,640 --> 00:07:14,240 Speaker 1: back to the same spot, but we can't do that 133 00:07:14,280 --> 00:07:16,800 Speaker 1: with time. It's like it's a one directional and it's 134 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:21,040 Speaker 1: always moving forward. That's right. And in any science fiction universe, 135 00:07:21,160 --> 00:07:22,960 Speaker 1: you're gonna have a theory of physics. You're gonna have 136 00:07:23,040 --> 00:07:25,640 Speaker 1: some science in that universe, and that theory is going 137 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:27,680 Speaker 1: to have time in it. Right. If it's a story 138 00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:30,880 Speaker 1: where something happens, right, and if it has time and 139 00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:33,280 Speaker 1: it then it has to have cause and effect, and 140 00:07:33,360 --> 00:07:36,440 Speaker 1: that's causality. Right, A happens then be if a cause 141 00:07:36,520 --> 00:07:39,400 Speaker 1: to B, then A have to happen before B. In 142 00:07:39,400 --> 00:07:41,760 Speaker 1: science fiction, we typically give people free reign to come 143 00:07:41,840 --> 00:07:43,680 Speaker 1: up with their own new laws of physics and then 144 00:07:44,120 --> 00:07:47,600 Speaker 1: create a story in that universe. Right, that's the creative 145 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:49,640 Speaker 1: element of it. But they have to come up with 146 00:07:49,680 --> 00:07:52,560 Speaker 1: a consistent set and for it to be consistent, it 147 00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:56,920 Speaker 1: has to follow causality and causality rules out of time travel, right, 148 00:07:56,960 --> 00:08:00,360 Speaker 1: So that's basically screwed. That's the big bummer. That's the 149 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:04,000 Speaker 1: big bummer then, because everything has to be linked from 150 00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:06,280 Speaker 1: A to B, B two s by the laws of physics. 151 00:08:06,280 --> 00:08:09,400 Speaker 1: You can't just kind of jump around, that's right. And 152 00:08:09,440 --> 00:08:13,520 Speaker 1: you also can't even really avoid it by trying to 153 00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:17,440 Speaker 1: make little changes. You know. There's this famous story, uh 154 00:08:17,760 --> 00:08:20,880 Speaker 1: one of the earlier time travel stories. Ray Bradberry think 155 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:23,320 Speaker 1: that the story is called the Butterfly Effect. Guy goes 156 00:08:23,360 --> 00:08:26,760 Speaker 1: back in time and he goes he's like hunting t 157 00:08:26,920 --> 00:08:29,680 Speaker 1: rex is or something pretty awesome. There's some company and 158 00:08:29,720 --> 00:08:32,040 Speaker 1: they tell them you can't touch anything but the t 159 00:08:32,200 --> 00:08:34,560 Speaker 1: rex They find t rexes which were already gonna die, 160 00:08:34,640 --> 00:08:37,320 Speaker 1: so it doesn't affect anything else in the future. But 161 00:08:37,360 --> 00:08:40,800 Speaker 1: he accidentally steps on a butterfly and he kills that butterfly, 162 00:08:41,160 --> 00:08:43,960 Speaker 1: and killing that butterfly has some effect. You know, some 163 00:08:44,120 --> 00:08:46,480 Speaker 1: lizard which was going to eat that butterfly now doesn't 164 00:08:46,520 --> 00:08:48,400 Speaker 1: and then dies, and then the thing that was going 165 00:08:48,480 --> 00:08:50,560 Speaker 1: to eat that lizard dies, and then the thing that 166 00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:52,080 Speaker 1: was going to eat that right, and then dot dot 167 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:55,000 Speaker 1: dot fifty million years later. Who knows how big the 168 00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:58,880 Speaker 1: effects are. The world is a chaotic system. Any tiny 169 00:08:58,920 --> 00:09:02,480 Speaker 1: little change that crushing a butterfly could lead to enormous changes, 170 00:09:02,520 --> 00:09:06,520 Speaker 1: like humans don't evolve, you know, or the world is 171 00:09:06,559 --> 00:09:10,520 Speaker 1: completely different. So any change to the past can have 172 00:09:10,720 --> 00:09:15,040 Speaker 1: enormous cataclysmic effects in the future, which might affect the 173 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:18,160 Speaker 1: human going back in time in the first place, right exactly. 174 00:09:18,360 --> 00:09:20,800 Speaker 1: Think about it, like everything that happened in the past 175 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:24,480 Speaker 1: is a partial cause of you, because the system is 176 00:09:24,520 --> 00:09:28,199 Speaker 1: so complicated and interconnected that anything in the past can 177 00:09:28,200 --> 00:09:31,880 Speaker 1: conceivably play a role in your creation. So if you're 178 00:09:31,920 --> 00:09:34,600 Speaker 1: the time traveler and you go back and do anything, 179 00:09:34,720 --> 00:09:37,360 Speaker 1: even just breathe air molecules and warm them up a 180 00:09:37,360 --> 00:09:40,640 Speaker 1: little bit, you're changing some of the things that caused you. 181 00:09:41,040 --> 00:09:44,000 Speaker 1: And so then you as a physical object and the 182 00:09:44,120 --> 00:09:47,600 Speaker 1: science based universe no longer really exist. Right, So it's 183 00:09:47,600 --> 00:09:49,640 Speaker 1: an immediate paradox. Even if you just go back in 184 00:09:49,679 --> 00:09:53,640 Speaker 1: time and take a breath, right, and it's like going 185 00:09:53,679 --> 00:09:59,559 Speaker 1: around molecules that might have somehow is in influence to 186 00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:03,520 Speaker 1: you being there, that's right. Yeah, Okay, so causing effect 187 00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:06,040 Speaker 1: is a big bummer. It means that you can't mess 188 00:10:06,080 --> 00:10:08,160 Speaker 1: around with the ordering of things. You can't miss with 189 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:13,360 Speaker 1: logic and that and even small changes will snowball into 190 00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:15,720 Speaker 1: large effects. I remember now the name of that story 191 00:10:15,800 --> 00:10:18,080 Speaker 1: is the Sound of Thunder. It's a Ray Bradberry story. 192 00:10:18,080 --> 00:10:21,720 Speaker 1: It's a really awesome story. Cool alright. So, um, so 193 00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:24,520 Speaker 1: you're saying time travel is impossible. Now we should clarify 194 00:10:24,520 --> 00:10:29,640 Speaker 1: time travel backwards backwards, right, That would reorder causing effect. Right, 195 00:10:29,640 --> 00:10:33,200 Speaker 1: because we're always travling forward, we're always traveling forward to time. 196 00:10:33,280 --> 00:10:36,760 Speaker 1: That's not a problem. We're all time travelers. We're all 197 00:10:36,880 --> 00:10:39,840 Speaker 1: time travelers. It's not a very exciting ride, but you're 198 00:10:39,880 --> 00:10:42,080 Speaker 1: on it. And some, I mean technicate, some could even 199 00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:44,720 Speaker 1: travel forwards faster than others, right, like if I cop 200 00:10:44,720 --> 00:10:47,080 Speaker 1: in a spaceship, because with speed of light come back, 201 00:10:48,040 --> 00:10:52,800 Speaker 1: I traveled uh through time differently than you. That's right. 202 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:54,440 Speaker 1: Now that we're done with the bummer part that time 203 00:10:54,440 --> 00:10:57,040 Speaker 1: travel backwards is not possible, let's talk about the exciting part, 204 00:10:57,040 --> 00:10:59,800 Speaker 1: which is you're absolutely right time travel forward. There's no 205 00:11:00,040 --> 00:11:03,400 Speaker 1: thing preventing that. And and you could build a machine, 206 00:11:03,760 --> 00:11:06,439 Speaker 1: which you know just I mean, it's very simple actually technologically, 207 00:11:06,440 --> 00:11:10,000 Speaker 1: you just like cryogenics. If I freeze you, the h 208 00:11:10,120 --> 00:11:13,079 Speaker 1: popsicle stays in place for a million years, as long 209 00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:16,680 Speaker 1: as we have technology, as long as we have technology 210 00:11:16,720 --> 00:11:19,439 Speaker 1: to dethaw you and revive you in five million years, 211 00:11:19,880 --> 00:11:22,599 Speaker 1: then you have traveled forward five million years and the 212 00:11:22,679 --> 00:11:26,440 Speaker 1: reason will have taken a break popped out in a 213 00:11:26,559 --> 00:11:30,480 Speaker 1: future time. That's right, Yeah, And I mean there's lots 214 00:11:30,480 --> 00:11:33,120 Speaker 1: of moral and biological problems with that, but from a 215 00:11:33,120 --> 00:11:36,080 Speaker 1: physics point of view, you're just stretching cause and effect. 216 00:11:36,120 --> 00:11:40,319 Speaker 1: You're not breaking it. May if that's later it okay. Yeah. 217 00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:43,679 Speaker 1: Backwards potentorial backwards is I'm possible, And that's kind of 218 00:11:43,679 --> 00:11:45,840 Speaker 1: the basis of most fun movies. Right, It's like going 219 00:11:45,880 --> 00:11:48,400 Speaker 1: back and changing something. And I want to talk about 220 00:11:48,400 --> 00:12:01,560 Speaker 1: that some more, but first let's take a quick break. So, 221 00:12:01,640 --> 00:12:04,120 Speaker 1: time travel backwards and possible, that's the basis of most 222 00:12:04,160 --> 00:12:07,240 Speaker 1: fun movies. And so, um, how do most movies get 223 00:12:07,280 --> 00:12:14,199 Speaker 1: around is like impossibility of breaking calosality and logic? Yeah, 224 00:12:14,200 --> 00:12:16,400 Speaker 1: so I think that most movies are just banking on 225 00:12:16,440 --> 00:12:19,800 Speaker 1: the fact that nobody's really paying super close attention and 226 00:12:19,800 --> 00:12:22,000 Speaker 1: it's just there for the ride and doesn't care as 227 00:12:22,080 --> 00:12:25,840 Speaker 1: much as I do about movies being logically they assume 228 00:12:25,960 --> 00:12:30,520 Speaker 1: most people are not trained physicists. That's right, And I 229 00:12:30,559 --> 00:12:34,240 Speaker 1: think a lot of science fiction fans probably more relaxed 230 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:36,880 Speaker 1: about whether the universe follows its rules. And so if 231 00:12:36,920 --> 00:12:38,679 Speaker 1: you're willing to break the rules, then you know you 232 00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:41,480 Speaker 1: can do anything you like. Um, but they at least 233 00:12:41,480 --> 00:12:44,360 Speaker 1: put up the appearance usually of trying to follow some rules. 234 00:12:44,400 --> 00:12:47,240 Speaker 1: And so how do they do it? Well? One classic 235 00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:50,520 Speaker 1: way is the split universe. They say, okay, you go 236 00:12:50,559 --> 00:12:54,839 Speaker 1: back in time to see your grandfather, for example, and 237 00:12:54,880 --> 00:12:57,400 Speaker 1: then when you arrive back in time, you split the 238 00:12:57,480 --> 00:13:00,079 Speaker 1: universe is the original universe in which you didn't go 239 00:13:00,160 --> 00:13:02,840 Speaker 1: back in time, and this is new universe where you've 240 00:13:02,880 --> 00:13:07,840 Speaker 1: gone back in time. To talk about timelines, right, yeah, 241 00:13:08,040 --> 00:13:10,720 Speaker 1: and so you're a product of the original timeline called 242 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:14,320 Speaker 1: timeline zero, and that you have inserted yourself into another 243 00:13:14,440 --> 00:13:17,440 Speaker 1: universe called timeline one. And if you make changes in 244 00:13:17,480 --> 00:13:20,600 Speaker 1: timeline one, it doesn't affect timeline zero, which is what 245 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:23,560 Speaker 1: caused you, what created you, where you came from. That 246 00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:26,680 Speaker 1: you're freedom uck up timeline one. You can kill your grandfather, 247 00:13:26,760 --> 00:13:29,400 Speaker 1: for example, and he can be dead, and in timeline 248 00:13:29,400 --> 00:13:32,840 Speaker 1: one you're never even born. Right. Well, there's a famous scene, 249 00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:35,960 Speaker 1: that famous scene and Back to the Future where Doc 250 00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:40,520 Speaker 1: Brown played by Christopher Lloyd explains basically like he whips 251 00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:43,800 Speaker 1: out of chalkboard and explains time travel to Marty and 252 00:13:43,840 --> 00:13:45,720 Speaker 1: so he like draws online. It says like, this is 253 00:13:46,200 --> 00:13:48,439 Speaker 1: the time that you're in and then you travel back 254 00:13:48,480 --> 00:13:53,040 Speaker 1: in time and you split off a different timeline. Man, 255 00:13:53,040 --> 00:13:57,280 Speaker 1: that movie has so many problems because, yeah, they try 256 00:13:57,320 --> 00:13:59,520 Speaker 1: to go in that movie, they try to go for 257 00:13:59,559 --> 00:14:02,360 Speaker 1: the altar a timeline right right theory, right, But it 258 00:14:02,400 --> 00:14:05,719 Speaker 1: doesn't even really make sense because in that movie, he 259 00:14:05,800 --> 00:14:08,560 Speaker 1: has what broken up his parents, so his parents won't 260 00:14:08,600 --> 00:14:10,559 Speaker 1: get together, so they won't make him right, so he 261 00:14:10,600 --> 00:14:13,679 Speaker 1: won't exist anymore. So problem number one is if they're 262 00:14:13,679 --> 00:14:17,480 Speaker 1: in this split timeline theory, then it shouldn't matter. Right, 263 00:14:17,679 --> 00:14:20,960 Speaker 1: he's in a new timeline, but he's disappearing, you know, 264 00:14:21,120 --> 00:14:24,000 Speaker 1: just like fading from the photographs and his hand is 265 00:14:24,040 --> 00:14:27,160 Speaker 1: becoming transparent. Why is that happening If he's from the 266 00:14:27,160 --> 00:14:31,680 Speaker 1: original and changed timeline, the new timeline can affect the 267 00:14:31,680 --> 00:14:34,480 Speaker 1: old timeline, Yeah, which in which case you're not really 268 00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:37,920 Speaker 1: in a split timeline at all. The other. The other thing, 269 00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:39,600 Speaker 1: this is the thing that really irks me about that 270 00:14:39,600 --> 00:14:44,160 Speaker 1: whole approach, is that why does he fade slowly? Right? 271 00:14:44,360 --> 00:14:47,040 Speaker 1: It takes him, like, you know, two hours of movie 272 00:14:47,040 --> 00:14:51,960 Speaker 1: time for his hand to gradually disappear and then bloated 273 00:14:52,080 --> 00:14:55,320 Speaker 1: right away. No, if he doesn't exist anymore, then boom, 274 00:14:55,360 --> 00:14:58,480 Speaker 1: he just doesn't exist. It makes no sense. You're you're 275 00:14:58,560 --> 00:15:02,920 Speaker 1: killing it. A childhood favorite movie here, it's a great movie. Everybody, 276 00:15:02,960 --> 00:15:04,920 Speaker 1: I love the movie, Go and watch it. I showed 277 00:15:04,920 --> 00:15:07,400 Speaker 1: it to my kids. They loved it. But from a 278 00:15:07,480 --> 00:15:09,600 Speaker 1: time perspective, it just makes no sense. And that's the 279 00:15:09,640 --> 00:15:13,600 Speaker 1: part that that drives me bonkers. And then like I 280 00:15:13,640 --> 00:15:16,280 Speaker 1: can imagine you jointed your kids. Okay the movie ended, 281 00:15:16,400 --> 00:15:18,640 Speaker 1: then you whip out a chalkburn and then launch it 282 00:15:18,640 --> 00:15:20,440 Speaker 1: to it when I would like your how this movie 283 00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:23,720 Speaker 1: was bunking? Right? All right? Kids, I hope you enjoyed 284 00:15:23,760 --> 00:15:27,520 Speaker 1: that it's all wrong. Well, in comparison, let's compare this 285 00:15:27,600 --> 00:15:29,760 Speaker 1: out to other ways in which other movies have sort 286 00:15:29,760 --> 00:15:32,280 Speaker 1: of trying to get around this impossibility of time trouble. 287 00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:34,920 Speaker 1: So what are other ways movies try it? So? Other 288 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:38,040 Speaker 1: ways people do it? Is to imagine one consistent universe 289 00:15:38,560 --> 00:15:41,680 Speaker 1: where you go back in time and then do you 290 00:15:41,760 --> 00:15:45,280 Speaker 1: change the future, but the future has already been affected 291 00:15:45,440 --> 00:15:48,400 Speaker 1: by your going back in time, which just like you 292 00:15:48,440 --> 00:15:52,840 Speaker 1: can't change the future future, well you can't. The past 293 00:15:52,960 --> 00:15:55,680 Speaker 1: always can change the future. Right, that's the way it works, right, 294 00:15:55,760 --> 00:15:58,880 Speaker 1: causality A causes B. You change A, it changes B. 295 00:15:59,520 --> 00:16:02,200 Speaker 1: But in the these stories, they try to make us 296 00:16:02,240 --> 00:16:04,600 Speaker 1: so that the future comes back to affect the past, 297 00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:08,120 Speaker 1: and that that past has already even taken new account 298 00:16:08,200 --> 00:16:10,320 Speaker 1: into the future. So an example of that is the 299 00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:14,440 Speaker 1: movie like Looper or Primer is sort of similar where 300 00:16:14,120 --> 00:16:17,120 Speaker 1: the Harry Potter is one of my favorite time termin movies, 301 00:16:17,320 --> 00:16:20,360 Speaker 1: the third Harry Potters. Have you seen Harry Potter movies. Yeah, 302 00:16:20,560 --> 00:16:24,160 Speaker 1: he goes back in time and tries to change thing, 303 00:16:24,240 --> 00:16:27,080 Speaker 1: but it turns out he was there all along. That's right. 304 00:16:27,120 --> 00:16:31,600 Speaker 1: He was there all along, and that's right. And so 305 00:16:31,640 --> 00:16:35,080 Speaker 1: they avoid the split universe thing right where it happens 306 00:16:35,080 --> 00:16:37,720 Speaker 1: one way once then happens another way later, Like that 307 00:16:37,760 --> 00:16:39,880 Speaker 1: makes any sense for it happen later. We're talking about 308 00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:43,440 Speaker 1: time travel, right, um, And so in the Harry Potter example, 309 00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:45,840 Speaker 1: he loops back and he's there there's sort of two 310 00:16:45,840 --> 00:16:48,280 Speaker 1: of him for a while, right, is the one that's 311 00:16:48,320 --> 00:16:50,760 Speaker 1: come back to to change this, and the one the 312 00:16:50,760 --> 00:16:53,440 Speaker 1: original one um, so the A version in the B 313 00:16:53,680 --> 00:16:56,680 Speaker 1: version UM. And so the way they try to avoid 314 00:16:56,720 --> 00:17:00,920 Speaker 1: that any inconsistencies there is that the second time through, 315 00:17:01,120 --> 00:17:04,160 Speaker 1: when he's looped back and he's observing the same events 316 00:17:04,400 --> 00:17:08,280 Speaker 1: from now, having already seen it once, he somehow feels 317 00:17:08,320 --> 00:17:13,000 Speaker 1: obligated to follow the rules, right because he could break them. 318 00:17:13,040 --> 00:17:16,800 Speaker 1: If Harry goes back in time and doesn't save his life, 319 00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:21,119 Speaker 1: what would happen, Well, we don't know, right, because then 320 00:17:21,200 --> 00:17:22,879 Speaker 1: he would die, and then he wouldn't be there in 321 00:17:22,920 --> 00:17:26,440 Speaker 1: the future to come back, and and and he wouldn't 322 00:17:26,440 --> 00:17:28,399 Speaker 1: be there anymore, right, he would he would blow up 323 00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:31,439 Speaker 1: the universe. It suddenly wouldn't make sense logically. So if 324 00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:34,880 Speaker 1: he saves him, if future Harry saves him and then 325 00:17:34,920 --> 00:17:37,600 Speaker 1: he becomes future Harry and doesn't save himself, is a 326 00:17:37,640 --> 00:17:41,560 Speaker 1: logically inconsistency. But I mean that's the separate question of like, 327 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:43,800 Speaker 1: is there free will in the universe and all that? 328 00:17:44,040 --> 00:17:47,560 Speaker 1: But you know that I feel like there's a separate conversation. No, 329 00:17:47,720 --> 00:17:51,359 Speaker 1: that's totally connected because it doesn't cause and effect. Right, 330 00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:53,080 Speaker 1: we have the freedom. We have the free will to 331 00:17:53,200 --> 00:17:55,439 Speaker 1: change causes. That's how we have an effect on the 332 00:17:55,440 --> 00:17:59,480 Speaker 1: future goods. We could launch the whole thing about free will, 333 00:17:59,560 --> 00:18:02,800 Speaker 1: but like as an idea of like a single timeline 334 00:18:02,960 --> 00:18:07,080 Speaker 1: in which the future in which the present already took 335 00:18:07,119 --> 00:18:10,439 Speaker 1: into account, you going back in time. What's wrong with 336 00:18:10,520 --> 00:18:12,880 Speaker 1: that idea? From a physics point of view, everybody has 337 00:18:12,920 --> 00:18:15,640 Speaker 1: to play nice, right, so everybody has to agree we're 338 00:18:15,640 --> 00:18:18,320 Speaker 1: going to follow this dance card and do exactly what 339 00:18:18,359 --> 00:18:20,399 Speaker 1: we know we have to do to to create the 340 00:18:20,400 --> 00:18:23,160 Speaker 1: future that we came from. It only works if there's 341 00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:26,119 Speaker 1: a very tightly constructed loop there where the things you 342 00:18:26,160 --> 00:18:29,000 Speaker 1: did in the past cause your future self exactly the 343 00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:31,400 Speaker 1: person who then came back to the past, right, right, 344 00:18:31,880 --> 00:18:34,520 Speaker 1: If that's happen, well do you said that it's the 345 00:18:34,560 --> 00:18:37,159 Speaker 1: way you said it has we finally constructed? Right, So 346 00:18:37,640 --> 00:18:41,560 Speaker 1: writer is really good and finally constructed. Then it's logically consistent, 347 00:18:41,640 --> 00:18:43,800 Speaker 1: isn't it all? Right? So there's two possibilities. Right, if 348 00:18:43,800 --> 00:18:46,640 Speaker 1: you believe in free will, this is all bunk because 349 00:18:46,680 --> 00:18:49,320 Speaker 1: there's no way to control what people do, and people 350 00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:51,600 Speaker 1: have the options to do whatever they like, including screwing 351 00:18:51,640 --> 00:18:53,960 Speaker 1: up the future. If you don't believe in free will, 352 00:18:54,000 --> 00:18:56,320 Speaker 1: if you think that people are just a product of 353 00:18:56,359 --> 00:19:00,119 Speaker 1: their experiences and their situations, and then there's still a problem. 354 00:19:00,160 --> 00:19:02,760 Speaker 1: Even if you're a brilliant writer, you're having to solve 355 00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:07,199 Speaker 1: an enormously chaotic problem, right, which is somehow cause a past, 356 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:11,000 Speaker 1: a create a past which exquisitely causes the future, which 357 00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:13,439 Speaker 1: will then come back and cause that same past. Like 358 00:19:13,560 --> 00:19:16,679 Speaker 1: even in the Harry Potter example, he can't just decide 359 00:19:16,680 --> 00:19:18,520 Speaker 1: what he's gonna do. He's got to follow a dance 360 00:19:18,560 --> 00:19:22,080 Speaker 1: card and to be told exactly what to do, and 361 00:19:22,080 --> 00:19:24,920 Speaker 1: and other food. Other movies have the same idea. For example, 362 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:27,960 Speaker 1: one of my favorites that I mentioned earlier, primer Um. 363 00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:31,320 Speaker 1: In primer they climb into a box and the box 364 00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:34,360 Speaker 1: moves them back in time um and then they get 365 00:19:34,359 --> 00:19:37,520 Speaker 1: out of the box right and they then there's two 366 00:19:37,600 --> 00:19:40,280 Speaker 1: of them, So there's two of them that that overlap 367 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:43,360 Speaker 1: in the same time period. So but before they get 368 00:19:43,359 --> 00:19:45,720 Speaker 1: in the box, they have to isolate themselves. Because there's 369 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:47,680 Speaker 1: two of them at the same time, one of them 370 00:19:47,680 --> 00:19:50,040 Speaker 1: has to isolate itself so that doesn't interact and doesn't 371 00:19:50,040 --> 00:19:52,800 Speaker 1: do anything to mess up the future. So the way 372 00:19:52,800 --> 00:19:54,840 Speaker 1: they've handled it there, as they've said, well, one of 373 00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:56,600 Speaker 1: them is going to be a good citizen. It's gonna 374 00:19:56,640 --> 00:19:59,200 Speaker 1: go sit in a basement and not interact, not create 375 00:19:59,240 --> 00:20:01,879 Speaker 1: any time and problems. Right. And you see this a 376 00:20:01,920 --> 00:20:04,520 Speaker 1: lot in time travel movies where they say they travel 377 00:20:04,560 --> 00:20:06,439 Speaker 1: back in time. They say, oh, don't touch that or 378 00:20:06,800 --> 00:20:09,960 Speaker 1: you can't kiss that girl because you'll cause a problem. Right, 379 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:13,159 Speaker 1: But it's impossible because the world is so complicated and 380 00:20:13,160 --> 00:20:15,959 Speaker 1: so interconnected. As we were saying earlier, anything you do, 381 00:20:16,040 --> 00:20:19,000 Speaker 1: even just being there, is going to cause these problems. 382 00:20:18,760 --> 00:20:22,560 Speaker 1: Right over millions of years, though that's more likely, right, Yeah, 383 00:20:22,800 --> 00:20:25,720 Speaker 1: small changes over millions of years, that's a problem. But 384 00:20:25,960 --> 00:20:28,640 Speaker 1: you know, maybe like small changes over a couple of hours. Yeah, 385 00:20:28,640 --> 00:20:30,680 Speaker 1: you're right. If we destroy the universe in a million years, 386 00:20:30,720 --> 00:20:32,600 Speaker 1: who cares, right, as long as we get to make 387 00:20:32,600 --> 00:20:34,480 Speaker 1: money in the stock market. Okay, Yeah, I see where 388 00:20:34,480 --> 00:20:37,400 Speaker 1: you're going. Well, this is a perfect point to take 389 00:20:37,400 --> 00:20:52,399 Speaker 1: a break. Okay. So that those are two great devices, 390 00:20:52,560 --> 00:20:57,680 Speaker 1: multiple timelines, one exclusitely constructed, logically consistent timeline in which 391 00:20:57,760 --> 00:21:00,840 Speaker 1: there's no free will. Are there any other ways that 392 00:21:00,880 --> 00:21:04,360 Speaker 1: people do time travel. Well, there's a whole other approach 393 00:21:04,359 --> 00:21:07,840 Speaker 1: which is trying to think of time as a dimension 394 00:21:07,840 --> 00:21:09,920 Speaker 1: of space, right, And that's sort of the original idea 395 00:21:09,960 --> 00:21:12,920 Speaker 1: we had earlier, like why can't we move through time 396 00:21:12,960 --> 00:21:14,800 Speaker 1: the way we moved through space? Can you see this 397 00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:18,320 Speaker 1: in some movies, for example, very famously an Interstellar I 398 00:21:18,359 --> 00:21:21,560 Speaker 1: saw this movie. It involves a guy going into a 399 00:21:21,600 --> 00:21:24,800 Speaker 1: black hole, which has its own problems. We can talk 400 00:21:24,840 --> 00:21:27,640 Speaker 1: about in another episode, but I have a whole episode 401 00:21:27,680 --> 00:21:33,000 Speaker 1: just on how Interstellar um has has problems. And Interstellar 402 00:21:33,040 --> 00:21:35,359 Speaker 1: a great movie. Lots of the physics is correct, but 403 00:21:35,440 --> 00:21:37,760 Speaker 1: this part of it is is total is total gibberish. 404 00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:40,320 Speaker 1: He goes inside of a black hole, and inside the 405 00:21:40,320 --> 00:21:43,439 Speaker 1: black hole he can move through time as if it 406 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:46,080 Speaker 1: was space, Like he could say, oh, I'm at this time. 407 00:21:46,280 --> 00:21:48,800 Speaker 1: I'm gonna walk over to the left by ten feet. 408 00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:51,400 Speaker 1: That's going to take me back twenty years. He needs 409 00:21:51,520 --> 00:21:55,920 Speaker 1: like right like this kind of like claytoscope type of 410 00:21:56,080 --> 00:22:00,560 Speaker 1: reality where like moving sideways moves you sideway backwards and 411 00:22:00,600 --> 00:22:03,400 Speaker 1: time or something exactly. And he uses that to talk 412 00:22:03,440 --> 00:22:04,920 Speaker 1: to his daughter and to send her a message and 413 00:22:04,960 --> 00:22:07,440 Speaker 1: give her the secret physics that a knowledge that means 414 00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:10,560 Speaker 1: that they can get off the planet, etcetera, ETCETERA. Problem 415 00:22:10,600 --> 00:22:14,080 Speaker 1: with that is he's moving through time as if it 416 00:22:14,160 --> 00:22:17,439 Speaker 1: was space, right, So like he's here and then he 417 00:22:17,560 --> 00:22:21,080 Speaker 1: was there, So they've they've created another dimension of time 418 00:22:21,119 --> 00:22:24,080 Speaker 1: on top of it. Right, what is moving through time mean? 419 00:22:24,480 --> 00:22:28,600 Speaker 1: Moving his motion over time? It just doesn't make any sense. 420 00:22:28,640 --> 00:22:31,800 Speaker 1: And and the reason is that stories have time, right. 421 00:22:31,880 --> 00:22:34,320 Speaker 1: Stories are a narrative. I'm sitting down, I'm telling you 422 00:22:34,359 --> 00:22:37,240 Speaker 1: a story by the fire where caveman. There's a narrative. 423 00:22:37,280 --> 00:22:39,720 Speaker 1: It starts and it finishes. It has to have time 424 00:22:39,760 --> 00:22:42,080 Speaker 1: through it. So if you're going to create this new 425 00:22:42,119 --> 00:22:44,439 Speaker 1: idea of time being able to move through time like 426 00:22:44,480 --> 00:22:47,679 Speaker 1: it was space, you can't tell that story without adding 427 00:22:47,720 --> 00:22:50,879 Speaker 1: another new dimension of time to it. So an interstellar 428 00:22:51,320 --> 00:22:53,800 Speaker 1: they create time as if it was a dimension of space. 429 00:22:53,800 --> 00:22:56,520 Speaker 1: But then they bolt on this new dimension of time 430 00:22:56,520 --> 00:23:00,040 Speaker 1: without telling extra which doesn't make extra time moving a 431 00:23:00,160 --> 00:23:05,720 Speaker 1: time time. Well, it's interesting that we can't like, uh, 432 00:23:05,760 --> 00:23:07,720 Speaker 1: And that's kind of the magic of movies, right, is 433 00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:10,760 Speaker 1: that you can make fantasies and story and books and 434 00:23:10,840 --> 00:23:13,560 Speaker 1: stories can like violate the laws of physics. And still 435 00:23:13,600 --> 00:23:18,639 Speaker 1: senhow come up with a fun story? Yeah? Absolutely absolutely, 436 00:23:18,680 --> 00:23:21,200 Speaker 1: and and you know that that's part of that movie 437 00:23:21,280 --> 00:23:23,640 Speaker 1: is forgiven. I personally liked Interstill a lot. I thought 438 00:23:23,640 --> 00:23:25,400 Speaker 1: it was a lot of fun. I rolled my eyes 439 00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:28,280 Speaker 1: and grin and did that one scene, you know, but 440 00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:32,200 Speaker 1: I like get the theater and he was like, you're 441 00:23:32,240 --> 00:23:39,480 Speaker 1: like grown. I try to grow quietly and I save 442 00:23:39,560 --> 00:23:40,879 Speaker 1: it for this, I save it for talking to you 443 00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:45,560 Speaker 1: or he that resentment. Remember, I remember I went to 444 00:23:45,640 --> 00:23:49,439 Speaker 1: see Contact. Remember the movie Contact, of course, one of 445 00:23:49,560 --> 00:23:52,679 Speaker 1: my favorite movies of all time. It's about this woman 446 00:23:52,800 --> 00:23:56,400 Speaker 1: who receives a signal from space and she it's her 447 00:23:56,440 --> 00:23:59,520 Speaker 1: search for like what the meaning of life? And it's 448 00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:03,840 Speaker 1: a main using movie, really great where the scientist is 449 00:24:03,880 --> 00:24:06,560 Speaker 1: the hero, right right people scientists not a bad sign, 450 00:24:06,640 --> 00:24:08,640 Speaker 1: just not a mad sign, just not a selfie crazy 451 00:24:08,760 --> 00:24:12,840 Speaker 1: selfish crazy scientists, but the hero. Yeah, awesome movie. Go 452 00:24:12,920 --> 00:24:16,119 Speaker 1: see if Robert Semeg has directed it. But I happened 453 00:24:16,160 --> 00:24:18,080 Speaker 1: to go to see that movie when it first came out. 454 00:24:18,240 --> 00:24:23,080 Speaker 1: With a bunch of signal processing PhD s, like four 455 00:24:23,160 --> 00:24:26,800 Speaker 1: of them. These are like Stanford PhDs and like signal, 456 00:24:26,960 --> 00:24:29,439 Speaker 1: and they came out and I was like, that was amazing, 457 00:24:29,480 --> 00:24:32,720 Speaker 1: and they were just laughing at like all the ways 458 00:24:32,760 --> 00:24:34,959 Speaker 1: they try to boost the signal or like let's invert 459 00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:38,639 Speaker 1: the phase whatever, and they thought that was all bonkers. 460 00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:41,720 Speaker 1: It's probably like going to see It's like probably probably 461 00:24:41,960 --> 00:24:43,960 Speaker 1: like watching you know cs I with a bunch of 462 00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:48,480 Speaker 1: actual friends and scientists like enhanced that image, you know. So, 463 00:24:48,480 --> 00:24:50,439 Speaker 1: But I try to be a good citizen in the 464 00:24:50,440 --> 00:24:52,920 Speaker 1: movie theater, I grown internally and I'm trying to to 465 00:24:52,920 --> 00:24:56,960 Speaker 1: spoil everybody else's experience. You keep it in, bottle it 466 00:24:57,040 --> 00:25:02,399 Speaker 1: up U. Another one in that same category is the 467 00:25:02,400 --> 00:25:05,280 Speaker 1: movie Arrival, which is based on a short story called 468 00:25:05,520 --> 00:25:09,560 Speaker 1: The Story of Your Life. And it's a nice story. Yeah, 469 00:25:09,680 --> 00:25:12,760 Speaker 1: it's it's very well written. It's beautifully written. Um, and 470 00:25:12,800 --> 00:25:16,120 Speaker 1: it has the same idea. Aliens come, and these aliens 471 00:25:16,160 --> 00:25:18,560 Speaker 1: have a different perception of time. They can move through 472 00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:21,680 Speaker 1: time as if it was a dimension of space. And 473 00:25:21,760 --> 00:25:23,639 Speaker 1: the cool thing is that the author has thought about 474 00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:26,439 Speaker 1: what would that mean for their language. So in the 475 00:25:26,720 --> 00:25:28,920 Speaker 1: short story at least and a little bit in a movie, 476 00:25:29,840 --> 00:25:32,679 Speaker 1: it changes the linguistics of the aliens, which makes it 477 00:25:32,760 --> 00:25:35,440 Speaker 1: hard initially for humans to figure out what they're doing 478 00:25:35,480 --> 00:25:38,280 Speaker 1: because they write their sentences all at once, not like 479 00:25:38,600 --> 00:25:40,439 Speaker 1: we're starting now and I'm ending there. They have this 480 00:25:40,760 --> 00:25:43,720 Speaker 1: different kind of language where they I think it is 481 00:25:43,760 --> 00:25:47,200 Speaker 1: that the consciousness of the aliens are spread through time 482 00:25:48,240 --> 00:25:50,560 Speaker 1: like it like like their brains are spread through space, 483 00:25:51,200 --> 00:25:53,439 Speaker 1: their consciousness is spread through time, and so they can 484 00:25:53,800 --> 00:25:56,639 Speaker 1: reference facts from the future and from the present and 485 00:25:56,680 --> 00:26:00,280 Speaker 1: from the past. Um. And that's cool. But that the 486 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:03,639 Speaker 1: canstality thing, right, like their consciousness in the future can't 487 00:26:03,640 --> 00:26:07,960 Speaker 1: possibly affect the consciousness in the past. Right, there's that problem. 488 00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:09,560 Speaker 1: But I don't even have to get into that to 489 00:26:09,920 --> 00:26:13,119 Speaker 1: take a part that movie, which is they have this 490 00:26:13,280 --> 00:26:15,680 Speaker 1: nice idea, but they don't even really follow through because, 491 00:26:15,720 --> 00:26:18,760 Speaker 1: for example, the aliens have a conversation with us back 492 00:26:18,800 --> 00:26:21,199 Speaker 1: and forth. I say this, you say that, I say this, 493 00:26:21,359 --> 00:26:24,320 Speaker 1: You say that. A conversation has time in it, right, 494 00:26:24,359 --> 00:26:26,800 Speaker 1: So if they were going to be consistent about it, 495 00:26:26,840 --> 00:26:28,840 Speaker 1: then there should just be one blob of a conversation. 496 00:26:28,920 --> 00:26:31,280 Speaker 1: Here's everything I'm going to ever say to you all 497 00:26:31,320 --> 00:26:33,800 Speaker 1: at once, right, there shouldn't be any back and forth 498 00:26:33,840 --> 00:26:36,840 Speaker 1: in their linguistic structure at all. The talk you down 499 00:26:36,920 --> 00:26:38,480 Speaker 1: to us. So that was the problem, right, They needed 500 00:26:38,520 --> 00:26:41,920 Speaker 1: to find out how to talk down to us humans 501 00:26:41,920 --> 00:26:46,159 Speaker 1: who only got it literally forwards. Yeah, we're too stupid 502 00:26:46,200 --> 00:26:49,119 Speaker 1: to understand their language, right, or were too stupid to 503 00:26:49,119 --> 00:26:52,000 Speaker 1: find the potholes in the story. It's the same idea 504 00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:54,640 Speaker 1: that they want to liberate us from time, because that's 505 00:26:54,640 --> 00:26:57,320 Speaker 1: a really appealing idea. But they need to tell a story, 506 00:26:57,480 --> 00:26:59,679 Speaker 1: and in the story, time has to move forward. There 507 00:26:59,680 --> 00:27:02,800 Speaker 1: has to be dramatic elements and something that we can't 508 00:27:02,840 --> 00:27:06,440 Speaker 1: really affect something in the past, like you can't reverse right. 509 00:27:07,680 --> 00:27:10,240 Speaker 1: All right, well, I think we're out of time. Daniel. 510 00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:15,080 Speaker 1: Let's time travel back to the beginning this podcast. You 511 00:27:15,119 --> 00:27:17,840 Speaker 1: do it all over again and start over. How do 512 00:27:17,920 --> 00:27:23,200 Speaker 1: you know he didn't? Maybe we did this time? Yeah, yeah, 513 00:27:23,880 --> 00:27:25,679 Speaker 1: the second thing. We went back and we made this 514 00:27:25,720 --> 00:27:29,240 Speaker 1: podcast so funny. You should have seen the first time 515 00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:31,800 Speaker 1: we have recorded with and the first time we listened 516 00:27:31,840 --> 00:27:34,879 Speaker 1: to this podcast. Oh my god, you're groaning out loud 517 00:27:35,480 --> 00:27:41,879 Speaker 1: like Daniel in the theater. Do you have a question 518 00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:44,240 Speaker 1: you wish we would cover. Send it to us. We'd 519 00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:47,240 Speaker 1: love to hear from you. You can find us on Facebook, Twitter, 520 00:27:47,400 --> 00:27:51,479 Speaker 1: and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge One word or email 521 00:27:51,560 --> 00:28:00,000 Speaker 1: us to feedback at Daniel and Jorge dot com.