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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Missed in History Class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Holly fro and I'm Tracy we Wilson. Today we

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Speaker 1: are talking about a member of one of the royal

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Speaker 1: houses of Europe. We had lots of requests to talk

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Speaker 1: about royalty all the time. We do, and there's lots

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Speaker 1: of fascinating stories there. Uh. Today's subject was an art patron.

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Speaker 1: He was a lover of science, he spoke many languages,

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Speaker 1: who was also known for having a dark temper and

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Speaker 1: being a little bit unstable uh. And his poor decisions

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Speaker 1: are as a ruler are credited with leading to the

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Speaker 1: Thirty Years War. UH. So we're talking about Rudolph two,

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Speaker 1: who was from Austria and he ruled the Holy Roman

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Speaker 1: Empire from fifteen seventy six to sixteen twelve, although that

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Speaker 1: last year UH largely figurehead, not really ruling status. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And while he came to be known for his reclusive

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Speaker 1: and gloomy and really a melancholic behavior, this Habsburg ruler

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Speaker 1: was also really instrumental in starting an era of scientific

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Speaker 1: exploration and discovery, and his reign is considered by many

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Speaker 1: to be the Golden Age of Prague. Uh, and today

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Speaker 1: we're mostly focusing on will include historical events that were

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Speaker 1: happening around him, of course, but most of the focus

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Speaker 1: kind of has to do with just his personal goings

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Speaker 1: on throughout his life, because it's a very fascinating tail

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Speaker 1: as a character. He's a fascinating person. You can't help

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Speaker 1: but feel a little sad for him at times. I

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Speaker 1: feel like that we feel sad about lots of the royals. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that has been something we haven't You and I haven't

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Speaker 1: talked a whole lot about royalty, but that has been

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Speaker 1: a favorite theme amongst some of the past hosts, and

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Speaker 1: a lot of times they are sad, sad royal stories. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: you almost can't help but feel sad for them. It's

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Speaker 1: one of those things where it's in many ways a

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Speaker 1: place of great privilege, but there is so much weird

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Speaker 1: baggage that often comes with it that the actual stories

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Speaker 1: behind the portraits are not particularly delightful. No, they are

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Speaker 1: unhappy very often. We can start, of course, at the beginning.

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Speaker 1: Rudolf was born on July eighteenth, fifty two in Vienna, Austria,

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Speaker 1: and he was the oldest male child of his family.

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Speaker 1: His father was Emperor Maximilian the Second, and his mother

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Speaker 1: was Maria of Spain. Maria really ended up kind of

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Speaker 1: having a big impression on his life through her beliefs

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Speaker 1: and actions. Uh, not because she was so involved, but

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Speaker 1: because of kind of the things that she catalyzed. She

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Speaker 1: had a total of sixteen children, but she was not

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Speaker 1: known to be an especially warm mother. Uh. And despite

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Speaker 1: her marriage to the Austrian ruler Maximilian the second, she

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Speaker 1: always really maintained her Spanish identity, and she pressured her

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Speaker 1: husband to send their children to Spain uh to study

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Speaker 1: under her brother Philip the second, And she felt strongly

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Speaker 1: that the children really needed a Catholic influence rather than

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Speaker 1: the Protestant ideology that they were largely exposed to in Vienna.

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Speaker 1: Religion is a big part of this whole story and

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Speaker 1: what was going on in the Holy Roman Empire at

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Speaker 1: the time. Rudolph and his brother Ernest traveled to Spain

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Speaker 1: in early fifteen sixty four, and there their uncle Philip

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Speaker 1: the Second, who was a really somber man compared to

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Speaker 1: their father, something on this really rigorous course of study.

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Speaker 1: First they went to the monastery at Montserrat and then

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Speaker 1: to the Summer Palace, and they studied fencing, language, dance,

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Speaker 1: and rhetoric, among all kinds of other scholarly subjects. And

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Speaker 1: during this time, Philip the Second, who uh is also

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Speaker 1: a fascinating story, was having problems with his own son,

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Speaker 1: Don Carlos, who was about seven years older than Rudolph,

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Speaker 1: and Rudolph had met him while they were there. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Don Carlos had a hunchback and several other physical deformities,

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Speaker 1: and historians suspect that he likely suffered brain damage during

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Speaker 1: his birth because it was an extremely difficult birth and

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Speaker 1: his mother only survived a few days after Don Carlos

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Speaker 1: was born, and Don Carlos would experience these fits of

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Speaker 1: rage and madness, and he exhibited extremely impulsive and violent behavior,

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Speaker 1: and that those sort of personality issues only grew worse

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Speaker 1: and worse after he experienced a head injury in the

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Speaker 1: early fifteen sixties. In January of fifteen sixty eight, which

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Speaker 1: was almost four years after Rudolph and his brother had

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Speaker 1: gotten into Spain, Don Carlos was locked away at his

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Speaker 1: father's coming in and it became forbidden to ever speak

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Speaker 1: of him. Don Carlos wound up dying six months into

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Speaker 1: his imprisonment UH. In just a few months after Don

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Speaker 1: Carlos died, Philip's third wife, who was Elizabeth of Valvois,

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Speaker 1: died after having a miscarriage. And as you can imagine,

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Speaker 1: these two events happening close together UH caused the Spanish Court,

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Speaker 1: where Rudolph and Ernest were still living and studying, to

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Speaker 1: become even more somber than ever. It had always been

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Speaker 1: sort of a serious place, but it really hit. There

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Speaker 1: was a gloom over the the whole thing, and it

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Speaker 1: would still be two more years that they would be

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Speaker 1: there before they could return home. In fifteen seventy Rudolph

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Speaker 1: and Earnest were joined in Spain by two of their

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Speaker 1: other brothers and their sister Anna, and she was to

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Speaker 1: become Philip the second's fourth and final wife, and by

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Speaker 1: all accounts, that was pretty happy marriage, just f y I.

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Speaker 1: So when Rudolph returned with his brother to Vienma in

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Speaker 1: early fifteen seventy one, their father, Maximilian the second, immediately

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Speaker 1: noticed a significant change in their demeanors. Rudolph had only

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Speaker 1: been UH twelve when he left for the Spanish Court,

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Speaker 1: and Maximilian was troubled by the darkness of now nineteen

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Speaker 1: year old Rudolph's mood and the depth of influence that

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Speaker 1: the boy's time was Philip the second had had on them.

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Speaker 1: He sort of felt like he sent, you know, young men,

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Speaker 1: bright boys away, and he got back really just dour,

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Speaker 1: overly serious adults. I'm reluctant to pass judgment on historical

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Speaker 1: figures when I really have no idea of of all

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Speaker 1: of their internal motivations. But part of me wants to say, Maximilian, honey,

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Speaker 1: if you wanted to have a hand in their upbringing,

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Speaker 1: maybe should have kept them at home. Yeah, but their

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Speaker 1: mom really wanted him to go. His disdain at his

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Speaker 1: son's demeanors then caused all kinds of strife with his wife.

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Speaker 1: So he really wanted a liberal ideology that was designed

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Speaker 1: to avoid religious conflict, and Maria felt strongly that an

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Speaker 1: entirely Catholic state was really the ideal, and the more

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Speaker 1: serious bearing that the young man had taken was in

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Speaker 1: line with this. Yeah, she sort of felt like she

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Speaker 1: got back exactly what she wanted, which was serious, very

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Speaker 1: um um, you know, catholically educated young men, whereas her

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Speaker 1: husband was like, but they're not very fun anymore. Uh,

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Speaker 1: And Maximilian was a humanist Christian, but really above all

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Speaker 1: he favored open minded compromise among different religious ideologies, and

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Speaker 1: his stance on religion, which was really quite liberal, had

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Speaker 1: allowed this sort of pocket of peace in the ongoing

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Speaker 1: struggle between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.

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Speaker 1: He was not so much about forcing dogma on anybody

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Speaker 1: in any way. Yeah, really unusual. Well, and while he

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Speaker 1: did try to help his sons move into a less

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Speaker 1: somber state of mind, the time in Spain really seemed

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Speaker 1: to have just left a permanent gloom on them. And

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Speaker 1: to make matters worse, Uh. You know, Maximilian was advancing

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Speaker 1: in age, and he was at this time suffering from

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Speaker 1: a number of different health issues. He had heart attacks,

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Speaker 1: he had gout, he had kidney issues, and there are

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Speaker 1: also rumors that he had syphilis at this time. And

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Speaker 1: as his health got worse and worse, Uh, he was

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Speaker 1: trying to position Rudolph, who was the heir, into a

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Speaker 1: position of authority before he died so he would know

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Speaker 1: everything was cool. Uh. And he had Rudolph crowned as

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Speaker 1: King of Hungary in fifteen seventy two and then King

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Speaker 1: of Bohemia in fifteen seventy five, so even there was

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Speaker 1: the Holy Roman Empire, there were all these smaller states

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Speaker 1: that you could have dominion over. While traveling to Regensburg

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Speaker 1: in the summer of fifteen seventy six, Maximilian got sick,

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Speaker 1: and once he arrived at his destination, he rallied briefly,

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Speaker 1: but then he got even sicker. It became apparent that

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Speaker 1: he wasn't going to survive this illness, and he died

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Speaker 1: on October twelfth of that year. Maria, his wife, his

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Speaker 1: sister Anna, and Rudolph were all at his bedside, and

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Speaker 1: just a few weeks later, Rudolph was crowned as the

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Speaker 1: Holy Roman Emperor. There was really no debate over whether

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Speaker 1: or not he was gonna take the throne. He was

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Speaker 1: in his mid twenties at this point. He was smart,

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Speaker 1: he was fluent in multiple languages, and you might think

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Speaker 1: that he would be kind of on top of the

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Speaker 1: world after being crowned emperor. But this gloom that he

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Speaker 1: had acquired in Spain just seemed to get worse once

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Speaker 1: he ascended to the throne, and the kingdom at this

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Speaker 1: time was marked by religious fighting between the Roman Catholics,

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Speaker 1: and Protestants. Uh, you know, with the death of Maximilian

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Speaker 1: and this very liberal approach to religion and trying to

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Speaker 1: everybody to cooperate. Uh, it kind of reignited some some

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Speaker 1: issues amongst the different factions, and all of this fighting

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Speaker 1: had a really disastrous effect on the empire. Rudolph up

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Speaker 1: ended his father's time of religious tolerance initially, and he

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Speaker 1: actually downgraded the role that the Protestant Estates could have

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Speaker 1: in politics. So a lot of this, while let's quote

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Speaker 1: religious ideology, it was really had to do with power

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Speaker 1: balance and uh, you know, political ownership of different aspects

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Speaker 1: of the government. Rudolph did eventually come around to his

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Speaker 1: father's way of thinking and favoring a more tolerant and

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Speaker 1: conciliatory approach to religion, but those early decisions really caused

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Speaker 1: some problems. In fifteen seventy seven, so just the next

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Speaker 1: year after he had ascended to the throne, he had

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Speaker 1: his first nervous breakdown. The stress of governing just had

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Speaker 1: this intense negative effect on him, both mentally and physically,

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Speaker 1: and in fifteen eighty he became extremely ill and lost

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Speaker 1: a lot of weight. He eventually he got better, but

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Speaker 1: his mood while ruling in Vienna was just always dour.

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Speaker 1: So in fifty three Rudolph, who had become obviously weary

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Speaker 1: of the pressures of the Court of Vienna both physically

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Speaker 1: and mentally, as we had said, decided that he was

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Speaker 1: going to move his residence and bust the seat of

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Speaker 1: power for the Holy Roman Empire to Prague, which is

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Speaker 1: part of Bohemia at this time. Uh and he also

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Speaker 1: became deeply interested at this point in astrology and magic

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Speaker 1: and alchemy. Rudolphine Prague became this epicenter of art and science. Architects, scientists,

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Speaker 1: and philosophers were all welcomed into the city famous Danish

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Speaker 1: astronomer ticobra Hay, who we have some stuff on in

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Speaker 1: our archive. He had made the most accurate pre telescope

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Speaker 1: observations of the heavens, and he advanced our knowledge of

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Speaker 1: the solar system significantly. He established an observatory in Prague,

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Speaker 1: so did Johannes Kepler, who was recognized as the first

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Speaker 1: person to correctly describe planetary motion. Ra Hay was named

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Speaker 1: as the Imperial Magnetisiue in a post that was eventually

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Speaker 1: assumed by Kepler, who had at one point ben brahe's assistant,

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Speaker 1: and Rudolph also wanted to redesign and expand the Palace

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Speaker 1: in Prague, as well as several other structures that were

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Speaker 1: owned UH by the government, all as part of his

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Speaker 1: desire to patronize and reinvigorate the architectural arts in the area. Really,

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Speaker 1: though his greatest patronage of artists within painting and sculpture.

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Speaker 1: The Imperial Court welcomed artists from all over, and Rudolph

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Speaker 1: was especially fond of foreign artists. He amassed this collection

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Speaker 1: of thousands of paintings, including works by Da Vinci, Correggio

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Speaker 1: and Broiled the Elder. There is also a beautiful painting

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Speaker 1: by Giuseppe arcam Bodeaux that listeners will probably recognize when

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Speaker 1: they see it if they don't recognize the name of

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Speaker 1: the painter of Rudolph as Ratumnus, who was the god

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Speaker 1: of seasons and plant growth in Roman mythology. And in

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Speaker 1: this painting, which I just love, Rudolph and his features

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Speaker 1: are rendered as sort of a mosaic of fruits and

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Speaker 1: vegetables where they all together to make his head and face. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And we'll hopefully linked to that in the show notes.

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Speaker 1: At some point because it's a gorgeous painting. During this time,

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Speaker 1: Rudolph also developed what would become quite an impressive coon's

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Speaker 1: commer cabinet of curiosities. He collected all these bronze statues

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Speaker 1: and stonework, books, drawings, paintings, scientific items. It's also rumored

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Speaker 1: that he purchased the Voyage Manuscript at one point as

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Speaker 1: part of this collection, although that's a little unclear. With

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Speaker 1: many things regarding the Voyage Manuscript, there's a lot of

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Speaker 1: question marks and uh, circumstantial evidence without actual solid data

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Speaker 1: on it. We have an episode on that in our archives,

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Speaker 1: have not heard it. And Rudolph is also rumored to

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Speaker 1: have become somewhat obsessed with the occults and as we

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Speaker 1: mentioned before, alchemy during this time, which, uh, you have

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Speaker 1: to remember that this is a period when the concepts

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Speaker 1: of science and magic had a certain fluidity between them.

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Speaker 1: So to that he was a man of science and

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Speaker 1: also was into the occult was not a particularly disparate concept.

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Speaker 1: They were all sort of flowing together because they were

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Speaker 1: learning about all of these things. Uh. And this is

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Speaker 1: also the period during which Rudolf is associated sort of

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Speaker 1: with Rabbi Lev and his goal on which is covered

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Speaker 1: in a previous episode with Candice and Katie. So there

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Speaker 1: was a lot of sort of uh, you know, scientific

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Speaker 1: exploration as we said, and magical investigation going on. Prague

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Speaker 1: was just really a hotbed of new ideas and you know,

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Speaker 1: freedom to explore and encourage new ways of looking at

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Speaker 1: the world. So all of this enthusiasm for art and science,

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Speaker 1: it seems to be sort of an attempted antidote that

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Speaker 1: Rudolph made to try to counteract the world outside, which

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Speaker 1: to him was this ceaseless stream of stressors. The first

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Speaker 1: two decades of his rule as emperor were troubled, to

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Speaker 1: say the least. There was plague, Turks invaded Vienna, suffered

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Speaker 1: a huge earthquake, and he really struggled to meet the

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Speaker 1: challenges of his leadership. The long war which Rudolf got

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Speaker 1: into with the Turks in would drag on for years

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Speaker 1: into the sid hence the name, and it exhausted the

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Speaker 1: people as well as Rudolph. When he was bothered to

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Speaker 1: be engaged in public affairs and not hiding in solitude

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Speaker 1: or having a depressive episode where he didn't want to

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Speaker 1: talk about things or to anyone, I ampathize who I

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Speaker 1: mean we've all had that, but as a ruler of

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Speaker 1: a nation and an empire, you can't really just go

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Speaker 1: I don't want to talk to anybody behind. Unfortunately, by

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Speaker 1: the late fifteen nineties, his mental state had gotten even

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Speaker 1: more unsteady. His melancholic episodes got longer and more intense,

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Speaker 1: and his moments of anxiety would lead him to this

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Speaker 1: extreme agitation and paranoia. He became really convinced that somebody

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Speaker 1: in his family was plotting to murder him. He also

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Speaker 1: became fearful that people were attempting to exploit his general

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Speaker 1: city and steal from him, so much so that he

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Speaker 1: insisted on keeping his gold underlocking key. And this guy

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Speaker 1: really crazy. It sounds not crazy, of course, you want

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Speaker 1: to protect your wealth, but he did this to the

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Speaker 1: point that he would sometimes not even release any money

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Speaker 1: for the purchase of needed goods and food stuff for

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Speaker 1: the castle, so there would literally be no food in

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Speaker 1: the palace for anyone to eat. Uh. Driven by this

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Speaker 1: fear and anxiety, he even started to completely decline audiences

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Speaker 1: with foreign ambassadors. He was really starting to withdraw from

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Speaker 1: his duties at a level that, even though he had

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Speaker 1: been sporadic before, it really got bad. Despite his immersion

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Speaker 1: and Catholicism while he was studying in Spain, it looks

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Speaker 1: like he was ultimately distrustful of the Catholic Church's power structure.

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Speaker 1: He also started to refuse to see papal ambassadors, and

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Speaker 1: he continued to see Protestant guests, though he really seemed

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Speaker 1: not to have any particular affinity for their religion. In

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Speaker 1: Rudolph's brother Ernest, who he had been close you and

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Speaker 1: studied with in Spain, died and that left their brother

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Speaker 1: Matthias as the heir to the throne. Rudolph had never married.

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Speaker 1: Despite several attempts to betrothe him to various houses of Europe,

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Speaker 1: he had always resisted, and there have been rumors and um,

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Speaker 1: you know, some evidences built up by historians throughout the

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Speaker 1: years that he was bisexual and had affairs with both

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Speaker 1: men and women that we will probably never know with certainty.

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Speaker 1: And he also was not particularly fond of his brother Matthias, which, uh,

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Speaker 1: it's a seed of some problems that develop. He's said

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Speaker 1: to have had six children with a woman named Katina Strata.

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Speaker 1: One of them, Julius Caesar was quite a terrifying character,

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Speaker 1: and it will probably be the subject of a future episode,

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Speaker 1: but generally he seemed pretty disinterested in his children. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: his illegitimate brood really had no appeal for him. He

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Speaker 1: wasn't very involved in their lives at all. Uh. But

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Speaker 1: as his ment continued to swing and he withdrew further

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Speaker 1: and further away from court life, his tea minister Wolfgang

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Speaker 1: von Lump began to take over more and more of

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Speaker 1: the Emperor's duties, and Wolfgang is one of the men

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Speaker 1: that Rudolph has been suspected of being romantically involved with

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Speaker 1: because the pair were so close, but Rudolph's paranoia eventually

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Speaker 1: soured the relationship. Whether it had been romantic or not,

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Speaker 1: they had been very good friends, and that fell away

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Speaker 1: in Rudolph actually forced von Rumph to resign and they

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Speaker 1: made up briefly, but it was a very short lived reunion.

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Speaker 1: And there were actually a few of those where they

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Speaker 1: would kind of, uh make peace with whatever was between them,

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Speaker 1: but then it would fall apart again, and at that

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Speaker 1: point Rudolph was just so suspicious I think there was

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Speaker 1: no repairing it. Also, in fift Rudolph fired many of

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Speaker 1: the palace servants and he retreated even further into isolation.

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Speaker 1: An outbreak of plague hit Prague and he fled to

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Speaker 1: pills And where he lived for a year. He had

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Speaker 1: shortness of breath during the self imposed exile. He was

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Speaker 1: likely suffering from undiagnosed panic attacks. Before we get to

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Speaker 1: his return to Prague, let's take a moment to talk

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Speaker 1: about our sponsor. That sounds grand, and now let's get

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Speaker 1: back to talk about what happened after he got back

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Speaker 1: to Prague. Yeah, so Rodolf returned to Prague in the

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Speaker 1: summer of sixteen d and briefly he seemed okay. People

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Speaker 1: really kind of were pleasantly surprised that his demeanor seemed

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Speaker 1: a little stable, normal. He was willing to engage with

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Speaker 1: people a little bit. But that was extremely short lived,

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Speaker 1: because soon his mental state really veered south and he

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Speaker 1: was having these frightening fits of hallucinations. His paranoia deepened

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Speaker 1: to a point even beyond what it had been at before.

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Speaker 1: He believed that he had been bewitched, and he would

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Speaker 1: tell people that he thought he had been poisoned, sometimes

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Speaker 1: that someone had put a curse on him. He really

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Speaker 1: just was not in a stable place mentally. In the

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Speaker 1: midst of a series of suicide attempts the government of

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Speaker 1: the empire just came to a complete standstill. The emperor

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Speaker 1: wouldn't speak with his counsel or delegate any of his duties,

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Speaker 1: so nothing could happen. Grid Luck completely one person, grid Luck, Yes,

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Speaker 1: unfortunately uh. And he had all of the passages of

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Speaker 1: the palace covered so that he could move around without

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Speaker 1: anyone seeing him, and he spent basically all of his

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Speaker 1: time alone. He would eat alone. He basically did not

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Speaker 1: not only did he not want to talk to anybody,

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Speaker 1: he didn't want anybody to look at him. He was

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Speaker 1: so fearful of all of these poisoning and bewitching suspicions

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Speaker 1: that um he even became terrified of the sacraments, so

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Speaker 1: he wouldn't have contact with any religious figures at all.

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Speaker 1: After years of progressively more unstable and reclusive behavior and

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Speaker 1: just terrible political decisions that were depleting the kingdom and

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00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:50,280
Speaker 1: causing revolts, in sixteen o five, the Habsburg archdukes pressured

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Speaker 1: the emperor to just consider handing over power to a

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00:19:53,080 --> 00:19:57,080
Speaker 1: leader more suited to the position. That, of course, was

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Speaker 1: his brother Matthias. In sixteen o six, the arch Duke's

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Speaker 1: officially backed Matthias as successor to Rudolph, although it took

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Speaker 1: several more years to get him to just acquiesced fully

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Speaker 1: and give into this plan. Yeah, once they had officially

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Speaker 1: backed Matthias, he kind of started taking over uh these

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Speaker 1: leadership roles, even though technically he was not in a

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Speaker 1: position to do so. But in June sixteen o eight,

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Speaker 1: and much like his ascension into various positions as you know,

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Speaker 1: king of Bohemia before he became Holy Roman Emperor, he

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00:20:32,600 --> 00:20:35,360
Speaker 1: seeded a little at a time. So he seeded Austria

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Speaker 1: and Hungary in June eight to his brother, and then

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Speaker 1: in May of sixteen eleven, Matthias was finally crowned King

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Speaker 1: of Bohemia, although Rudolph did not officially seed until August

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Speaker 1: of that year, and Rudolph the Second maintained his emperor's

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Speaker 1: crown as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, but it

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00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:55,360
Speaker 1: was really in a powerless figurehead thing. It was kind

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00:20:55,359 --> 00:20:57,000
Speaker 1: of like they were like, let the crazy man have

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Speaker 1: the crown, and I think he's still the emperor, but

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Speaker 1: really his brother was doing all the work. At that point.

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Speaker 1: Matthias moved his brother to Rogston Castle in Prague and

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00:21:06,560 --> 00:21:09,960
Speaker 1: the basically deposed monarch lived on there with his menagerie

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Speaker 1: of exotic animals. When several of his favorite creatures died,

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Speaker 1: he developed a drinking problem which really rapidly deteriorated his health,

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Speaker 1: and Rudolph died very shortly, really after he had been

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Speaker 1: sent away to this castle. It was January twentieth, sixteen twelve,

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Speaker 1: and he was buried in the royal vault of St.

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00:21:29,440 --> 00:21:34,800
Speaker 1: Vitus's Cathedral in Prague Castle. His incredible art collection was

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00:21:34,880 --> 00:21:37,520
Speaker 1: just broken up and dispersed. There wasn't really much of

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00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:41,159
Speaker 1: it left in Prague, and during a relatively short eleven

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Speaker 1: year reign, Matthias worked towards compromised between the Catholic and

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Speaker 1: Protestant states, although it was during that time that the

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00:21:47,119 --> 00:21:49,760
Speaker 1: Thirty Years War began and so it was still going

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Speaker 1: on when he died. But really most people point to

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Speaker 1: Rudolph as the cause of it, because he was so

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00:21:54,800 --> 00:21:58,800
Speaker 1: ineffectual towards the end of his reign that he really

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00:21:58,840 --> 00:22:01,200
Speaker 1: wasn't addressing any of the problems that could have kept

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00:22:01,200 --> 00:22:04,520
Speaker 1: things from getting really agitated and out of control. So

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00:22:04,560 --> 00:22:08,040
Speaker 1: it started after his reign, correct, but he is usually

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00:22:08,359 --> 00:22:11,359
Speaker 1: um people are happy to point the finger and say

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00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:15,600
Speaker 1: like you contributed significantly to this thing happening f y.

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00:22:15,680 --> 00:22:18,600
Speaker 1: I so that is the story of Rodolph the Second,

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00:22:19,440 --> 00:22:24,800
Speaker 1: who once again has yet another tragic royal character. Yes, uh,

386
00:22:24,920 --> 00:22:29,120
Speaker 1: do you also have some preferably less tragic listener mais

387
00:22:29,119 --> 00:22:33,080
Speaker 1: I have such untragic listener mail? It's adorable to different pieces,

388
00:22:33,080 --> 00:22:35,959
Speaker 1: and they're both super cute. The first one is from

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00:22:36,080 --> 00:22:38,760
Speaker 1: Kim and says, I've been trying to think of a

390
00:22:38,880 --> 00:22:41,800
Speaker 1: name for my new bird, who is an Indian ringnet parakeet,

391
00:22:42,080 --> 00:22:44,320
Speaker 1: and during the Haunted Mansion podcast you mentioned a guy

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Speaker 1: with the coolest name ever, ex Atensio. So I decided

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna call my parent Xavier extra short and XC

394
00:22:50,359 --> 00:22:52,960
Speaker 1: I think that's what she means inter pronunciation for not

395
00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:56,040
Speaker 1: quite so short. It's appropriate to since the other Xavier

396
00:22:56,080 --> 00:22:58,240
Speaker 1: I know of, Professor X is a mutant and my

397
00:22:58,280 --> 00:23:01,000
Speaker 1: part is blue, which is caused by mutation. And she

398
00:23:01,040 --> 00:23:05,719
Speaker 1: included photos of her parents as well as as they

399
00:23:05,720 --> 00:23:09,119
Speaker 1: are able. And I mostly wanted to read this because

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00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:12,320
Speaker 1: I will out myself on my level of dorkatude. I

401
00:23:12,359 --> 00:23:15,360
Speaker 1: have a cat named after Exittencio, and I have another

402
00:23:15,400 --> 00:23:19,920
Speaker 1: cat named after roly gro Uh. They are litter mates. Yeah,

403
00:23:20,160 --> 00:23:25,080
Speaker 1: I have a cat named after a form of poetry. Yeah.

404
00:23:25,119 --> 00:23:27,720
Speaker 1: I used to have tea, but now I only have one.

405
00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:33,600
Speaker 1: She's very cute. She's a very speaking of cats. And

406
00:23:33,640 --> 00:23:37,600
Speaker 1: then we got this absolutely delightful and charming letter from

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00:23:37,640 --> 00:23:40,800
Speaker 1: another listener. Uh. It's written by Sharon, but it is

408
00:23:40,800 --> 00:23:43,520
Speaker 1: on behalf of her daughter Rose. And Sharon says, I

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00:23:43,600 --> 00:23:46,359
Speaker 1: listen to your podcast while cooking and doing housework, and

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00:23:46,440 --> 00:23:48,640
Speaker 1: my four year old daughter Rose has become quite a fan.

411
00:23:49,240 --> 00:23:51,000
Speaker 1: She was amazed to hear that you are real, live

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00:23:51,119 --> 00:23:53,840
Speaker 1: people and wanted to send you a letter. She writes this,

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00:23:54,440 --> 00:23:57,520
Speaker 1: So this is Rose's letter. Dear history ladies, you must

414
00:23:57,560 --> 00:24:00,280
Speaker 1: be very kind ladies to tell us good history story.

415
00:24:00,480 --> 00:24:02,919
Speaker 1: My favorite one is the pirate one. My least favorite

416
00:24:02,920 --> 00:24:05,439
Speaker 1: one is the Hope Diamond. Do you like cats? I

417
00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:08,439
Speaker 1: like cats? Can you do some history stories about the ocean?

418
00:24:08,760 --> 00:24:11,440
Speaker 1: Your friend Rose? And then she said, it's a really

419
00:24:11,480 --> 00:24:16,600
Speaker 1: cool piece of art that is an askey wing dinghy

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00:24:16,640 --> 00:24:19,440
Speaker 1: and crayon composition. That is beautiful and we will take

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00:24:19,440 --> 00:24:21,199
Speaker 1: a picture of it and put it on Facebook. It

422
00:24:21,280 --> 00:24:25,400
Speaker 1: is beautiful. Had we not already gotten this fantastic letter

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00:24:25,440 --> 00:24:28,120
Speaker 1: from a four year old. Uh. The the other male

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00:24:28,240 --> 00:24:30,639
Speaker 1: that we got in the same week was a sack

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00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:33,760
Speaker 1: full of anime and that would have won the prize

426
00:24:34,119 --> 00:24:36,120
Speaker 1: for the most awesome thing that came in the mail.

427
00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:38,480
Speaker 1: But it was pretty good. Male. We it's yeah, it's

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00:24:38,480 --> 00:24:41,280
Speaker 1: it's edged out, I think. Even though the sack full

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Speaker 1: of anime is extremely cool. I'm very excited about it,

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Speaker 1: but we haven't we haven't watched it yet, and I'm

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Speaker 1: sorry I did not know the name of the person

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Speaker 1: who sent us the anime before I came in here,

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Speaker 1: but I'll do it. We will acknowledge that later after

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Speaker 1: we get the chance to actually watch it. So Rose,

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00:24:54,280 --> 00:24:56,479
Speaker 1: I don't think it's any secret that we do like cats.

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00:24:56,720 --> 00:24:59,320
Speaker 1: We do. I like all the animals and crazy Animal lady,

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Speaker 1: and I'm and we can find some history stories about

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00:25:01,600 --> 00:25:03,800
Speaker 1: the ocean at some point that not to distent future.

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00:25:03,800 --> 00:25:07,240
Speaker 1: Shipwreck stories are popular with everybody, so we always want

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00:25:07,280 --> 00:25:10,560
Speaker 1: to find some new and cool ones of involving that.

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00:25:11,119 --> 00:25:13,840
Speaker 1: So thank you so much for writing us. And I

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00:25:13,960 --> 00:25:16,440
Speaker 1: love when we can inspire pet names. That always makes

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00:25:16,440 --> 00:25:19,280
Speaker 1: it super fun. Uh. If you would like to write us,

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00:25:19,359 --> 00:25:22,600
Speaker 1: you can do so at history Podcasts at Discovery dot com.

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00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:25,160
Speaker 1: You can also connect with us on Facebook dot com

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00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:28,280
Speaker 1: slash history class stuff, on Twitter at missed in History,

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00:25:28,600 --> 00:25:31,400
Speaker 1: and on Tumbler at missed in History dot tumbler dot com.

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00:25:31,440 --> 00:25:34,600
Speaker 1: We're also on Pinterests very busily pinning things away of

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00:25:34,760 --> 00:25:38,520
Speaker 1: historical significance or delight. And if you would like to

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00:25:38,560 --> 00:25:40,560
Speaker 1: learn a little bit more about what we talked about today,

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00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:42,439
Speaker 1: we can go to our website and type in the

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00:25:42,480 --> 00:25:45,560
Speaker 1: words Holy Roman Empire in the search bar, and one

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00:25:45,560 --> 00:25:47,840
Speaker 1: of the articles you'll get is the ten most long

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00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:50,520
Speaker 1: lived Empires in History, of which the h R E

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00:25:50,600 --> 00:25:52,920
Speaker 1: is one. It is so if you would like to

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00:25:53,000 --> 00:25:55,879
Speaker 1: learn about that, or anything else your mind can think about,

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00:25:56,200 --> 00:25:57,840
Speaker 1: you can come and do that at our website, which

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00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:03,680
Speaker 1: is how stock works dot com for more on this

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00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:06,359
Speaker 1: and thousands of other topics, because it has to works

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00:26:06,400 --> 00:26:19,359
Speaker 1: dot com. Audible dot com is the leading provider of

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00:26:19,400 --> 00:26:23,600
Speaker 1: downloadable digital audio books and spoken word entertainment. Audible has

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Speaker 1: more than one thousand titles to choose from to be

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00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:29,439
Speaker 1: download into your iPod or MP three player. Go to

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Speaker 1: audible podcast dot com slash history to get a free

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Speaker 1: audio book download of your choice. When you sign up today,