WEBVTT - Could the Mpox Crisis Have Been Avoided?

0:00:02.440 --> 0:00:07.720
<v Speaker 1>Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, radio news.

0:00:09.440 --> 0:00:12.920
<v Speaker 2>As the world continues to respond to new contagious forms

0:00:12.920 --> 0:00:16.600
<v Speaker 2>of empocs, many people are asking could we have done

0:00:16.680 --> 0:00:19.160
<v Speaker 2>more to prevent this global health emergency?

0:00:19.440 --> 0:00:21.640
<v Speaker 3>The world should sit back and say have we learned

0:00:21.680 --> 0:00:26.480
<v Speaker 3>anything from COVID? The African region acquired COVID vaccines very

0:00:26.560 --> 0:00:30.560
<v Speaker 3>late months later, and that meant that in many cases

0:00:30.720 --> 0:00:34.080
<v Speaker 3>the people had already had the infection and people then

0:00:34.200 --> 0:00:36.199
<v Speaker 3>weren't very interested in having the vaccine.

0:00:36.200 --> 0:00:38.880
<v Speaker 4>Now we look at empocs and we have the same.

0:00:38.640 --> 0:00:43.159
<v Speaker 2>Problem and a much needed vaccination program could be delayed

0:00:43.159 --> 0:00:46.560
<v Speaker 2>for children under fifteen years old, who account for more

0:00:46.600 --> 0:00:49.360
<v Speaker 2>than eighty percent of the deaths in the Congo, the

0:00:49.400 --> 0:00:51.560
<v Speaker 2>country worst affected by the outbreak.

0:00:51.960 --> 0:00:56.440
<v Speaker 3>So ramp up really takes a shift in resources and capabilities.

0:00:56.840 --> 0:00:59.160
<v Speaker 4>We're looking at doing that. We can do that.

0:00:59.160 --> 0:01:01.120
<v Speaker 3>That's how we will be over to deliver the two

0:01:01.160 --> 0:01:04.960
<v Speaker 3>million doses, but really we really need orders before we

0:01:05.000 --> 0:01:05.480
<v Speaker 3>can move.

0:01:06.080 --> 0:01:09.240
<v Speaker 2>On this episode of the Next Africa Podcast, we'll look

0:01:09.240 --> 0:01:12.640
<v Speaker 2>at the response to empox and if it's really possible

0:01:12.680 --> 0:01:18.520
<v Speaker 2>to vaccinate a country the size of the DRC. I'm

0:01:18.600 --> 0:01:22.360
<v Speaker 2>Jennifer Zabasaja and this is the Next Africa Podcast, bringing

0:01:22.400 --> 0:01:25.440
<v Speaker 2>you one story each week from the continent driving the

0:01:25.440 --> 0:01:30.800
<v Speaker 2>future of global growth with the context only Bloomberg can provide.

0:01:31.720 --> 0:01:35.200
<v Speaker 2>Jennis Q, Bloomberg's health reporter, has been following the outbreak

0:01:35.200 --> 0:01:38.600
<v Speaker 2>closely and is back on the podcast with us to

0:01:38.720 --> 0:01:41.240
<v Speaker 2>walk us through the latest. Jennis, great to have you

0:01:41.280 --> 0:01:43.559
<v Speaker 2>back on. I know it's been a busy past few weeks.

0:01:43.600 --> 0:01:44.839
<v Speaker 2>How are you doing good?

0:01:44.880 --> 0:01:45.280
<v Speaker 4>Thank you?

0:01:45.400 --> 0:01:48.480
<v Speaker 1>Yes, it has been just a lot of developments on

0:01:48.600 --> 0:01:49.480
<v Speaker 1>the inpox friends.

0:01:50.040 --> 0:01:52.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, which is part of the reason why we wanted

0:01:52.040 --> 0:01:55.400
<v Speaker 2>to get you back on. So Jennis, the last time

0:01:55.920 --> 0:01:58.200
<v Speaker 2>we had you on the podcast, we were talking about

0:01:58.280 --> 0:02:03.000
<v Speaker 2>empox being declared global health emergency, and since then we've

0:02:03.040 --> 0:02:05.840
<v Speaker 2>seen cases now popping up in Europe in the Middle East,

0:02:06.080 --> 0:02:08.839
<v Speaker 2>and you and your team put together a really fascinating

0:02:08.880 --> 0:02:12.720
<v Speaker 2>story about how this could have potentially been prevented the

0:02:12.880 --> 0:02:16.440
<v Speaker 2>spread to this extent. How could this have been prevented

0:02:16.520 --> 0:02:18.480
<v Speaker 2>considering how fast this is moving.

0:02:19.200 --> 0:02:23.440
<v Speaker 1>Jan For decades, impox was just another neglected tropical disease

0:02:23.480 --> 0:02:26.800
<v Speaker 1>in Africa, and now it's become a global health emergency

0:02:26.840 --> 0:02:29.519
<v Speaker 1>and arguably it's a public health crisis as you say

0:02:29.520 --> 0:02:31.120
<v Speaker 1>that should never have been.

0:02:31.440 --> 0:02:32.760
<v Speaker 4>The illness has claimed.

0:02:32.520 --> 0:02:35.120
<v Speaker 1>More than six one hundred and twenty two lives and

0:02:35.200 --> 0:02:38.200
<v Speaker 1>councing those are mostly in the Congo, which is the

0:02:38.240 --> 0:02:41.880
<v Speaker 1>epicent of the current crisis, and many thousands of others

0:02:41.880 --> 0:02:45.360
<v Speaker 1>have been infected. Scientists and public cultificials that you say,

0:02:45.840 --> 0:02:48.960
<v Speaker 1>have looked at at how it could have been avoided,

0:02:49.200 --> 0:02:53.760
<v Speaker 1>and instead we've seen its snowball with missteps, red tape

0:02:53.880 --> 0:02:57.119
<v Speaker 1>and action and all of these creating the perfect environment

0:02:57.200 --> 0:02:59.840
<v Speaker 1>for the virus to need tait into fast breading variant.

0:03:00.440 --> 0:03:03.280
<v Speaker 1>It's now been detected in at least ten countries, two

0:03:03.280 --> 0:03:07.240
<v Speaker 1>of those outside of Africa. Some scientists have said, really

0:03:07.360 --> 0:03:10.760
<v Speaker 1>it's not a case of finger pointing per se. It's

0:03:11.080 --> 0:03:15.640
<v Speaker 1>probably more an example of a neglected tropical disease in Africa.

0:03:16.240 --> 0:03:19.680
<v Speaker 1>These are not diseases that typically gets a lot of

0:03:19.720 --> 0:03:22.680
<v Speaker 1>funding and a lot of research, but they're also not

0:03:23.440 --> 0:03:26.280
<v Speaker 1>diseases that are likely to make a lot of money

0:03:26.400 --> 0:03:31.640
<v Speaker 1>for vaccine makers or other therapeutic companies. We saw with

0:03:31.760 --> 0:03:37.080
<v Speaker 1>COVID how no part of the globe is isolated, and

0:03:37.560 --> 0:03:41.000
<v Speaker 1>I think that Africa.

0:03:40.520 --> 0:03:42.920
<v Speaker 4>And certainly through the Africa CDC.

0:03:42.960 --> 0:03:48.440
<v Speaker 1>They are highlighting that fact, and trying to possibly finally

0:03:48.520 --> 0:03:51.960
<v Speaker 1>getting the attention that they probably should have had long

0:03:51.960 --> 0:03:57.680
<v Speaker 1>ago for how these types of pathogens can spread and

0:03:57.960 --> 0:04:00.800
<v Speaker 1>cause a global problem.

0:04:00.840 --> 0:04:03.120
<v Speaker 2>Considering a lot of the missteps and the inaction that

0:04:03.160 --> 0:04:06.320
<v Speaker 2>you were just highlighting there, how are public health officials

0:04:06.560 --> 0:04:10.240
<v Speaker 2>tackling this is the vaccine, the way to move forward,

0:04:10.320 --> 0:04:12.640
<v Speaker 2>in the way to eradicate this from spreading any further.

0:04:13.280 --> 0:04:15.360
<v Speaker 4>There are a lot of plans at the moments.

0:04:15.480 --> 0:04:17.200
<v Speaker 1>In fact, I would go so for as to say

0:04:17.240 --> 0:04:19.880
<v Speaker 1>people are scrambling to make sure that they're dealing with

0:04:19.960 --> 0:04:23.800
<v Speaker 1>it as quickly as possible. That's not to say it's

0:04:23.880 --> 0:04:28.479
<v Speaker 1>happening as fast as the Africa CDC initially signaled or wanted.

0:04:29.080 --> 0:04:31.960
<v Speaker 1>Certainly on the vaccine front, they are now saying that

0:04:32.279 --> 0:04:35.479
<v Speaker 1>they have set a deadline for September the first for

0:04:35.600 --> 0:04:40.120
<v Speaker 1>vaccines to arrive in the Congo. It's certainly not the

0:04:40.160 --> 0:04:43.360
<v Speaker 1>only measure that can be taken and is being taken.

0:04:44.000 --> 0:04:48.240
<v Speaker 1>There's been a lot of conversation around getting funds to

0:04:48.800 --> 0:04:53.760
<v Speaker 1>ensure that there is good public health messaging on the ground.

0:04:53.960 --> 0:04:57.599
<v Speaker 1>They need to make sure that parents know to bring

0:04:57.640 --> 0:05:01.000
<v Speaker 1>their children in if they sing any symptoms with children.

0:05:01.400 --> 0:05:06.560
<v Speaker 1>Quite often it's mistaken by parents or caregivers as chicken

0:05:06.600 --> 0:05:12.120
<v Speaker 1>pox and that is causing delays in getting treatments Africa.

0:05:12.200 --> 0:05:18.080
<v Speaker 1>CDC yesterday was also highlighting how teachers are being targeted

0:05:18.120 --> 0:05:20.920
<v Speaker 1>in terms of public health messaging to ensure that they

0:05:21.080 --> 0:05:22.280
<v Speaker 1>know what to look out for.

0:05:22.480 --> 0:05:24.800
<v Speaker 4>The same is true in health facilities.

0:05:25.160 --> 0:05:28.600
<v Speaker 1>There's a risk that you've got someone coming in presenting

0:05:28.680 --> 0:05:32.720
<v Speaker 1>with EMPOC symptoms, but before they run any tests they

0:05:32.760 --> 0:05:36.599
<v Speaker 1>put into an open ward where there may be somebody

0:05:36.600 --> 0:05:42.280
<v Speaker 1>else battling a different disease. The vaccines are something that

0:05:42.360 --> 0:05:46.680
<v Speaker 1>will help certainly in terms of containing spread. And arguably

0:05:46.800 --> 0:05:51.839
<v Speaker 1>had vaccines been in Africa when the last global emergency

0:05:51.839 --> 0:05:56.120
<v Speaker 1>for EMPOS ended in May of twenty twenty three, we

0:05:56.160 --> 0:05:57.880
<v Speaker 1>wouldn't be in this situation now.

0:05:58.520 --> 0:06:02.840
<v Speaker 2>So where the vaccines then coming from Janice, And of

0:06:02.880 --> 0:06:06.520
<v Speaker 2>course the million dollar question is are there going to

0:06:06.560 --> 0:06:10.920
<v Speaker 2>be enough to actually stop this from continuing to spread

0:06:11.440 --> 0:06:13.520
<v Speaker 2>in some of these places that are just so highly

0:06:13.560 --> 0:06:15.680
<v Speaker 2>populated across the continent.

0:06:16.680 --> 0:06:19.159
<v Speaker 4>The vaccines are.

0:06:20.480 --> 0:06:24.560
<v Speaker 1>Produced at the moment by two companies that are from

0:06:24.600 --> 0:06:26.720
<v Speaker 1>two different parts of the world, so but very Nordic

0:06:26.800 --> 0:06:31.720
<v Speaker 1>is a Danish company in Europe and they are the

0:06:31.760 --> 0:06:33.719
<v Speaker 1>main commercial vaccine.

0:06:34.240 --> 0:06:37.560
<v Speaker 4>There is a Japanese company called Kane Biologics.

0:06:37.240 --> 0:06:42.880
<v Speaker 1>That also produces vaccine, and there are talks underway between

0:06:43.080 --> 0:06:47.760
<v Speaker 1>the agencies like Africa CEC and who together with Gabby

0:06:47.839 --> 0:06:52.360
<v Speaker 1>the Vaccine Alliance with the government of Japan that vaccine

0:06:52.600 --> 0:06:56.039
<v Speaker 1>is going to be important because it has been used

0:06:56.040 --> 0:07:00.840
<v Speaker 1>in children before. But Very Nordic, the Danish company, they

0:07:00.960 --> 0:07:05.160
<v Speaker 1>have vaccine already in stock, but.

0:07:05.160 --> 0:07:07.400
<v Speaker 4>Very Nordic has said that the ten.

0:07:07.240 --> 0:07:11.000
<v Speaker 1>Million doses that Africa CDC has said they need that

0:07:11.120 --> 0:07:13.200
<v Speaker 1>they can actually supply all of it by the end

0:07:13.200 --> 0:07:16.800
<v Speaker 1>of next year. So they are certainly probably the first

0:07:16.800 --> 0:07:20.080
<v Speaker 1>and foremost piece of the puzzle in terms of vaccines.

0:07:20.520 --> 0:07:24.680
<v Speaker 2>And Jennie, stick with us because we want to talk

0:07:24.720 --> 0:07:28.840
<v Speaker 2>more about the impact on children, especially who based on

0:07:28.880 --> 0:07:31.960
<v Speaker 2>our reporting, accounts for most of the deaths, and how

0:07:32.000 --> 0:07:35.119
<v Speaker 2>potentially children may miss out on the vaccines. So stick

0:07:35.160 --> 0:07:37.280
<v Speaker 2>with us and we'll talk with you after the break.

0:07:42.000 --> 0:07:45.640
<v Speaker 2>Welcome back. Today we're looking at how African nations are

0:07:45.680 --> 0:07:50.000
<v Speaker 2>responding to the empox outbreak causing concern across the world.

0:07:50.600 --> 0:07:52.120
<v Speaker 4>Jennis q is here. Janis.

0:07:52.160 --> 0:07:56.119
<v Speaker 2>We talked about vaccines, but the draft vaccine plans haven't

0:07:56.160 --> 0:08:00.400
<v Speaker 2>specifically mentioned how shots will be ruled out for children.

0:08:00.880 --> 0:08:03.720
<v Speaker 4>You touched on this briefly, but why not?

0:08:03.880 --> 0:08:07.560
<v Speaker 2>Why haven't we seen this, especially considering the statistics at

0:08:07.560 --> 0:08:08.400
<v Speaker 2>this point in time.

0:08:10.760 --> 0:08:15.400
<v Speaker 1>I think the fact that very Nordic hasn't been specifically

0:08:15.400 --> 0:08:19.080
<v Speaker 1>listed for use in children may have contributed to that.

0:08:19.480 --> 0:08:23.520
<v Speaker 1>I don't think the fact that children haven't been specifically

0:08:23.960 --> 0:08:25.240
<v Speaker 1>mentioned means.

0:08:24.960 --> 0:08:26.960
<v Speaker 4>That they will not get vaccine.

0:08:27.560 --> 0:08:30.960
<v Speaker 1>I do think, though, that there is a likelihood that

0:08:31.000 --> 0:08:33.560
<v Speaker 1>there will be a delay, hopefully not a long one,

0:08:34.200 --> 0:08:37.160
<v Speaker 1>but a delay in getting vaccine into children.

0:08:37.800 --> 0:08:40.320
<v Speaker 4>This is largely.

0:08:39.960 --> 0:08:45.160
<v Speaker 1>Because the discussions with the Japanese company came by logics

0:08:46.640 --> 0:08:51.720
<v Speaker 1>are still underway, and my understanding at this point is

0:08:51.880 --> 0:08:54.600
<v Speaker 1>that is the vaccine that they would likely.

0:08:54.480 --> 0:08:58.160
<v Speaker 4>Use in children. It has been used in children in

0:08:58.200 --> 0:08:58.960
<v Speaker 4>Asia before.

0:08:59.440 --> 0:09:04.199
<v Speaker 2>Is there con concern that that isn't the approach at

0:09:04.200 --> 0:09:06.160
<v Speaker 2>this point in time, Janeus, I mean that adults are

0:09:06.160 --> 0:09:07.720
<v Speaker 2>going to be the first one's vaccinated.

0:09:07.960 --> 0:09:09.319
<v Speaker 4>Children can't for.

0:09:10.800 --> 0:09:13.600
<v Speaker 1>More than eighty percent of the EMPUC states in the Congo,

0:09:14.640 --> 0:09:19.360
<v Speaker 1>and so them not being first in line is a concern.

0:09:20.000 --> 0:09:24.440
<v Speaker 1>The pediatric vaccine plan is not clear at the stage,

0:09:24.679 --> 0:09:28.920
<v Speaker 1>and I would imagine that age organization and doctors and

0:09:28.960 --> 0:09:32.600
<v Speaker 1>people on the ground are not at all happy with

0:09:32.640 --> 0:09:36.319
<v Speaker 1>the facts that there isn't a clear and specific plan

0:09:36.679 --> 0:09:40.400
<v Speaker 1>for children to be getting this vaccine quickly. It is

0:09:40.440 --> 0:09:44.640
<v Speaker 1>a complicated and tricky situation. Getting vaccines rolled arts is

0:09:44.720 --> 0:09:47.000
<v Speaker 1>as important as getting vaccines on the ground.

0:09:47.559 --> 0:09:51.760
<v Speaker 4>We saw with COVID that Africa was last.

0:09:51.520 --> 0:09:54.960
<v Speaker 1>In line to get vaccines and when they eventually arrived,

0:09:55.240 --> 0:09:58.400
<v Speaker 1>there was logistical problems with the road arts and there

0:09:58.440 --> 0:10:01.600
<v Speaker 1>was also a lot of hesitat and see with people

0:10:02.040 --> 0:10:05.600
<v Speaker 1>questioning whether they actually needed the vaccine. The Africa CDC

0:10:06.280 --> 0:10:09.720
<v Speaker 1>and Helen Rees who's advising she's part of an advisory

0:10:09.720 --> 0:10:14.520
<v Speaker 1>committee for the Wealth Health Organization. She spoke to Bloomberg

0:10:14.600 --> 0:10:18.559
<v Speaker 1>TV recently and was saying that she does not think

0:10:19.040 --> 0:10:23.160
<v Speaker 1>that there will be a problem with hesitancy this time around,

0:10:23.720 --> 0:10:28.240
<v Speaker 1>that this is a disease that has caused a lot

0:10:28.240 --> 0:10:33.920
<v Speaker 1>of problems in various communities and specifically in the Congo region,

0:10:34.640 --> 0:10:38.720
<v Speaker 1>and so people will probably accept the vaccine quite readily,

0:10:39.280 --> 0:10:40.280
<v Speaker 1>which is good news.

0:10:40.360 --> 0:10:41.440
<v Speaker 4>I do hope that is the.

0:10:41.360 --> 0:10:44.160
<v Speaker 1>Case, but that doesn't take away from the fact that

0:10:44.160 --> 0:10:48.839
<v Speaker 1>there are these other logistical issues in getting the vaccines

0:10:49.160 --> 0:10:53.320
<v Speaker 1>rolled out, in ensuring that they are safe to be

0:10:53.400 --> 0:10:54.320
<v Speaker 1>given to children.

0:10:55.000 --> 0:10:59.520
<v Speaker 2>So, in a sense, is the overall feeling that authorities

0:10:59.760 --> 0:11:01.839
<v Speaker 2>are still sort of on the back foot and getting

0:11:01.880 --> 0:11:05.560
<v Speaker 2>a hold of what's happening right now, or people confident

0:11:05.640 --> 0:11:08.040
<v Speaker 2>that we're not doing a repeat of what we saw

0:11:08.120 --> 0:11:09.720
<v Speaker 2>during COVID and other outbreaks.

0:11:10.120 --> 0:11:12.559
<v Speaker 1>I think there is growing confidence that it is not

0:11:12.640 --> 0:11:14.120
<v Speaker 1>going to be a repeat of COVID.

0:11:14.240 --> 0:11:18.520
<v Speaker 4>The World Health Organization set art a prevention.

0:11:18.160 --> 0:11:23.000
<v Speaker 1>And preparedness plan this week, and that is an effort

0:11:23.080 --> 0:11:26.520
<v Speaker 1>to ready coordinate all these efforts. I think when there

0:11:26.760 --> 0:11:30.480
<v Speaker 1>is an artbreak and there is an emergency, and it's

0:11:30.520 --> 0:11:34.600
<v Speaker 1>easy to panic, and it's easy for governments individually to

0:11:34.640 --> 0:11:38.080
<v Speaker 1>reach out to the vaccine makers and for everyone to

0:11:38.200 --> 0:11:40.839
<v Speaker 1>want to make sure that they are being taken care

0:11:40.920 --> 0:11:43.400
<v Speaker 1>of or at least are taking care of their people.

0:11:44.080 --> 0:11:49.880
<v Speaker 1>The WHO has always provided a sort of coordination effort

0:11:50.080 --> 0:11:55.440
<v Speaker 1>and the EFFRICACYDC has moved in very strongly this time around,

0:11:55.960 --> 0:11:57.800
<v Speaker 1>made sure that they're in the driving seat, that they're

0:11:57.800 --> 0:12:01.280
<v Speaker 1>marshaling resources, and there is a lot of evidence that

0:12:01.400 --> 0:12:06.079
<v Speaker 1>is happening globally We've seen responses from the United States

0:12:06.120 --> 0:12:10.559
<v Speaker 1>and many others saying that they are prepared to donate

0:12:10.640 --> 0:12:15.120
<v Speaker 1>friends and in some cases vaccines themselves, because some of

0:12:15.160 --> 0:12:19.400
<v Speaker 1>these countries had stop poles of empox vaccine from the

0:12:19.400 --> 0:12:22.640
<v Speaker 1>twenty twenty two to twenty twenty three outbreak. So I

0:12:22.679 --> 0:12:25.000
<v Speaker 1>don't think we're going to see a repeat of COVID.

0:12:25.600 --> 0:12:29.800
<v Speaker 1>That being said, there are still bottlenecks and there is

0:12:30.360 --> 0:12:34.640
<v Speaker 1>a lot that scientists do not yet know about the

0:12:34.720 --> 0:12:38.000
<v Speaker 1>specific glade one B which appears to be a fueling

0:12:38.120 --> 0:12:40.120
<v Speaker 1>this outbreak, and.

0:12:40.520 --> 0:12:43.520
<v Speaker 4>They are still scrambling to get enough information.

0:12:44.240 --> 0:12:48.440
<v Speaker 1>Unfortunately, we may not have been in a situation of

0:12:48.600 --> 0:12:53.960
<v Speaker 1>a mutated strain if Africa had these vaccines some years ago.

0:12:54.600 --> 0:12:57.679
<v Speaker 4>It is a difficult situation, but one.

0:12:57.520 --> 0:13:01.880
<v Speaker 1>That I do think all all the agencies are responding

0:13:01.920 --> 0:13:05.280
<v Speaker 1>to as best they can. It does feel to me

0:13:05.320 --> 0:13:09.120
<v Speaker 1>a little bit like it was a situation of weights, wait, weights,

0:13:09.160 --> 0:13:11.520
<v Speaker 1>and then hurry up and are a little bit more

0:13:11.520 --> 0:13:12.880
<v Speaker 1>weights because they're trying to.

0:13:12.880 --> 0:13:15.040
<v Speaker 4>Get all the pieces of the puzzle together.

0:13:15.520 --> 0:13:19.000
<v Speaker 1>But do you think that there is a motivation and

0:13:19.160 --> 0:13:21.400
<v Speaker 1>focus to get that job done now?

0:13:22.280 --> 0:13:25.040
<v Speaker 2>Well, we know as those pieces continue to come together,

0:13:25.160 --> 0:13:28.079
<v Speaker 2>you will be all over the story, but we appreciate

0:13:28.120 --> 0:13:31.079
<v Speaker 2>you coming back onto the podcast and giving us an update.

0:13:31.160 --> 0:13:34.600
<v Speaker 2>Jennis Q, thanks so much for your reporting, and you

0:13:34.640 --> 0:13:37.200
<v Speaker 2>can read all the latest coverage on the outbreak on

0:13:37.440 --> 0:13:42.560
<v Speaker 2>Bloomberg News platforms. As Jenna said, this is still an

0:13:42.600 --> 0:13:46.960
<v Speaker 2>evolving situation and even as vaccinations commence in the DRC,

0:13:47.480 --> 0:13:54.000
<v Speaker 2>there are still more questions than answers about the mutated strain. Fortunately,

0:13:54.040 --> 0:13:57.520
<v Speaker 2>though officials do seem committed to avoiding some of the

0:13:57.559 --> 0:14:01.199
<v Speaker 2>mistakes made for the continent during the COVID nineteen pandemic.

0:14:04.120 --> 0:14:07.960
<v Speaker 2>This program was produced by Adrian Bradley. Don't forget to

0:14:08.000 --> 0:14:11.560
<v Speaker 2>follow and review the show wherever you usually get your podcasts.

0:14:12.000 --> 0:14:14.559
<v Speaker 2>I'm Jennifer's Abasaga. Thanks as always for listening.