WEBVTT - How YouTube CEO Neal Mohan Turned the Platform Into Must-See TV

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<v Speaker 1>I'm Emily Chang, and this is the circuit, all right.

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<v Speaker 2>So here we are one of the elephants.

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<v Speaker 3>And cool thing about these guys spent it's that they

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<v Speaker 3>have really, really, really long from and that's that's.

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<v Speaker 2>Cool list.

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<v Speaker 3>And that's pretty much all this to say.

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<v Speaker 1>That was the very first video uploaded to YouTube when

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<v Speaker 1>the website launched nearly two decades ago. It's now got

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<v Speaker 1>over three hundred million views and the platform has become

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<v Speaker 1>one of the world's most influential media companies. Today YouTube

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<v Speaker 1>is even bigger than Netflix.

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<v Speaker 2>I've been working with YouTube even before either I or

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<v Speaker 2>YouTube were part of Google, when it was above you know,

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<v Speaker 2>pieces of Parlor right down the street here in San Mateo,

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<v Speaker 2>and so I have really seen that journey really kind

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<v Speaker 2>of from me at the zoo to what it's become today.

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<v Speaker 1>YouTube CEO Neil Mohan took the rains from Susan Lejitski

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<v Speaker 1>in February twenty twenty three years he served as YouTube's

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<v Speaker 1>Chief product officer and is largely credited with expanding the

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<v Speaker 1>platform services. Amidst the rise of cord cutting, our.

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<v Speaker 2>Top creators have grown their watch time on living room

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<v Speaker 2>screens by something on the order of four hundred percent

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<v Speaker 2>in the last year, a couple of years or so,

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<v Speaker 2>and so we're seeing enormous growth. And it really comes

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<v Speaker 2>down to the fact that people come home, they sit

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<v Speaker 2>down on their couch, and they turn on YouTube and

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<v Speaker 2>they want to consume all the content that they know

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<v Speaker 2>and love on it.

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<v Speaker 1>Just over a year into the top job, Mohan is

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<v Speaker 1>now tasked with taking YouTube to new heights, all while

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<v Speaker 1>dealing with the unprecedented challenges of AI and keeping the

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<v Speaker 1>world's largest creator economy afloat. Joining me on this episode

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<v Speaker 1>of The Circuit, YouTube CEO Neil Mohan.

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<v Speaker 4>You're now a year into the top job.

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<v Speaker 5>What is it more than a third of the planet

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<v Speaker 5>is already watching YouTube?

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<v Speaker 4>How do you plan to make it even bigger?

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<v Speaker 2>We've got a couple billion people that come to the platform,

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<v Speaker 2>come to YouTube every single day. Really, the way I

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<v Speaker 2>think about it is, you know, YouTube's really kind of

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<v Speaker 2>its own sort of unique thing. We're not a social

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<v Speaker 2>media platform, we're not traditional media in the sense, we're

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<v Speaker 2>not linear television. We're really sort of our own thing.

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<v Speaker 2>And so what that means for me is staying focused

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<v Speaker 2>on what we do best, which is a place to create, share,

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<v Speaker 2>and watch video no matter where you are in the world,

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<v Speaker 2>no matter what screen you're on, and that can be

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<v Speaker 2>everything from a fifteen second short to a fifteen minute

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<v Speaker 2>traditional vod on YouTube, to a fifteen hour live stream

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<v Speaker 2>and everything in between. And so if we live up

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<v Speaker 2>to that vision, we think we're really still in the

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<v Speaker 2>early days of our growth story and fulfilling what our

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<v Speaker 2>mission is, which is to give everyone a voice and

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<v Speaker 2>show them the world.

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<v Speaker 5>Based on Nielsen's latest data, YouTube is now by far

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<v Speaker 5>the biggest streamer in the world, Netflix close behind, and

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<v Speaker 5>then everybody else drops way down, Hulu, Disney, Max, Apple.

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<v Speaker 5>You don't get the awards or the critical acclaim. What

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<v Speaker 5>more does YouTube have to prove?

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<v Speaker 2>Well, I would say that certainly from a viewer standpoint,

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<v Speaker 2>what they care about is everything that I just mentioned,

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<v Speaker 2>which is all of their favorite content in one place.

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<v Speaker 2>When you sit down on the couch and you turn

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<v Speaker 2>on YouTube, you expect your favorite creator, to your favorite

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<v Speaker 2>sports highlight, all of that in one place, and so

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<v Speaker 2>it's less about sort of the accolades around that. And

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<v Speaker 2>I do think that YouTube is getting recognized as that

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<v Speaker 2>platform on television screens. We just surpassed a billion hours

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<v Speaker 2>of watch time on living room screens, and you mentioned

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<v Speaker 2>the Nielsen ratings. That is certainly something that when I

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<v Speaker 2>speak to our advertising partners, the brands that look to

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<v Speaker 2>build connections with consumers on our platform, they recognize that

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<v Speaker 2>and they see it as a place not just of

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<v Speaker 2>this broad reach you know, the number one streaming platform

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<v Speaker 2>here in the US, but also reach that is engaged

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<v Speaker 2>and from a brand's perspective, that is something that they

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<v Speaker 2>are really recognizing. Like I said, it's still the early

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<v Speaker 2>days of our journey, but I do start to hear

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<v Speaker 2>that more and more from our partners.

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<v Speaker 5>YouTube is printing money for Google, as I understand it,

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<v Speaker 5>upwards of fifteen billion dollars a year. Where will the

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<v Speaker 5>future revenue growth come from. Talk to us about that

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<v Speaker 5>strategy and how it will play in.

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<v Speaker 2>If you think about YouTube today compared to what YouTube

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<v Speaker 2>was five years ago or certainly ten years ago, there

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<v Speaker 2>are an order of magnitude more creators on our platform.

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<v Speaker 2>We have a breadth of monetization offerings to support this

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<v Speaker 2>creator economy, not just ads, but subscription business. You know

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<v Speaker 2>that was the fifteen billion dollars subscription business across all

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<v Speaker 2>of Google, but also direct to fan funding like channel

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<v Speaker 2>memberships and things like that. So there's an enormous amount

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<v Speaker 2>of scale and complexity in the ecosystem that requires us

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<v Speaker 2>to rethink how we're going to support that creator ecosystem.

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<v Speaker 2>But the goal is the same, which is to make

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<v Speaker 2>our creators successful on our platform in terms of building

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<v Speaker 2>an audience, but also being able to earn a sustainable

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<v Speaker 2>living from our platform. One of the things that I'm

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<v Speaker 2>most proud of is that we are the world's original

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<v Speaker 2>and largest creator economy. We've paid out seventy billion dollars

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<v Speaker 2>to creators, media companies, musicians, and artists over the last

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<v Speaker 2>three years, and that's something that we are very proud

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<v Speaker 2>of here at YouTube.

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<v Speaker 5>Google's ad business is a monster thanks in part to you.

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<v Speaker 5>I mean, you obviously came in and double click in

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<v Speaker 5>the early days and your roots are in the ad business.

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<v Speaker 5>But also it's started controversy about privacy and tracking. What

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<v Speaker 5>are some of the lessons that you've taken from that

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<v Speaker 5>that you're applying.

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<v Speaker 2>To YouTube what we are building for all of us

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<v Speaker 2>as users of the platform, because ultimately, it is that

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<v Speaker 2>connection between fans and viewers and creators that is what's

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<v Speaker 2>ultimately attractive to advertisers. So if you're not focused on

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<v Speaker 2>that connection between creators and fans, everything that you're doing

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<v Speaker 2>from an advertiser standpoint is sort of mood. So that's

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<v Speaker 2>the first thing. The second is that monetization, building advertising

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<v Speaker 2>products and therefore being able to monetize all this amazing

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<v Speaker 2>on YouTube is a long term game. We're going through

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<v Speaker 2>that journey, for example, right now in terms of shorts,

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<v Speaker 2>monetization and actually making shorts a platform that is not

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<v Speaker 2>just a great place to build an audience, but to

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<v Speaker 2>also build a business. And so that's probably the second

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<v Speaker 2>thing that I've learned, and the third spending lots of

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<v Speaker 2>time with brands and advertisers and agencies is really focusing

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<v Speaker 2>on innovation that we could bring to the products that

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<v Speaker 2>they use to engage with their consumers on our platform.

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<v Speaker 2>That is a big area of investment that we work

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<v Speaker 2>on in very close partnerships with our ads colleagues across Google.

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<v Speaker 4>So you've been at Google for fifteen years.

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<v Speaker 5>You joined when YouTube was best known for cat videos,

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<v Speaker 5>and now you're carrying the Super Bowl. Did you ever

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<v Speaker 5>imagine YouTube would be carrying the Super Bowl.

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<v Speaker 2>I've always felt that YouTube is a great place for fans.

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<v Speaker 2>I happen to be a huge sports fan myself, and

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<v Speaker 2>so really since almost the very early days of YouTube,

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<v Speaker 2>it's been a place where I personally was consuming highlights

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<v Speaker 2>and more in depth interviews and things like that. We

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<v Speaker 2>just concluded season one of NFL Sunday Ticket on YouTube

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<v Speaker 2>and it really brought together, I think, kind of two

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<v Speaker 2>or three really key things that are unique to YouTube

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<v Speaker 2>about that live sports experience, like ease of use, great features,

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<v Speaker 2>so product innovation, and most importantly, I would say, actually

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<v Speaker 2>bringing together creators and that live sports content all in

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<v Speaker 2>one place, especially for young people.

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<v Speaker 5>So ESPN, Fox, Warner Brothers are all teaming up to

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<v Speaker 5>do a sports streaming app.

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<v Speaker 4>How fiercely will YouTube compete for sports rights?

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<v Speaker 2>We just concluded season one of NFL Sunday Ticket. We're

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<v Speaker 2>already deep in the planning for season two. New features,

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<v Speaker 2>new capabilities, new creator collaborations that we're going to bring

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<v Speaker 2>for our fans that I'm super super excited about. So

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<v Speaker 2>I have my hands full with making that incredible experience

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<v Speaker 2>for our fans. But what I will say is we've

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<v Speaker 2>been working with the sports leagues for a very long time.

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<v Speaker 2>The NFL, the NBA Baseball leagues really all over the

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<v Speaker 2>world to have their highlights live games in many cases

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<v Speaker 2>like Polystyle and Brazil. And so we've been working on

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<v Speaker 2>live content sports, highlight content creator collaborations with sports for

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<v Speaker 2>well over a decade, and all of that is going

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<v Speaker 2>to continue.

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<v Speaker 5>YouTube has paid out seventy billion dollars to creators over

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<v Speaker 5>the last three years. That's even more than Netflix is

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<v Speaker 5>spending on content. Break that number down for.

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<v Speaker 2>Us, just to give you a little bit more sort

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<v Speaker 2>of sense of the scale of it. We have three

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<v Speaker 2>million creators in our YPP program, so that is millions

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<v Speaker 2>of creators literally earning a living on our platform. Most

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<v Speaker 2>of that is generated through advertising. Advertising is our primary business,

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<v Speaker 2>but increasingly our spot business, our subscriptions business, of which

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<v Speaker 2>there's two flavors, has grown to be a very meaningful

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<v Speaker 2>part of our business as well, and so that's YouTube

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<v Speaker 2>music and premium is in that number as well, but

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<v Speaker 2>we also obviously have a YouTube TV subscription business. And

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<v Speaker 2>then the bucket that also gives creators choice in terms

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<v Speaker 2>of how they earn a living on our platform is

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<v Speaker 2>something that we call fan funding, and that is the

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<v Speaker 2>ability to earn revenue directly from your fans, and so

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<v Speaker 2>it's really all three of those buckets AVA, S, FOD

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<v Speaker 2>and fan funding, direct to consumer that generate revenue for

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<v Speaker 2>our creators, and.

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<v Speaker 4>It's paying off or time will tell.

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<v Speaker 2>Our business is successful when our creator's business is successful.

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<v Speaker 2>And so we are really pleased with the size of

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<v Speaker 2>the creator economy. But I also remind our teams every

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<v Speaker 2>day that we're still in the very early journey of

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<v Speaker 2>what this could grow and become.

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<v Speaker 5>Now YouTube's algorithm can make or break a creator's future.

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<v Speaker 4>Take us inside the black.

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<v Speaker 5>Box just a little. How does it work and why

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<v Speaker 5>does it change all the time.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, the simplest way to think about the recommendations that

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<v Speaker 2>you see in your feed, whether it's the home feed

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<v Speaker 2>or on the watch page, is it is really a

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<v Speaker 2>reflection of your interests as a viewer. So when I

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<v Speaker 2>open up my feed, it is going to have sports

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<v Speaker 2>in there, it's going to have music in there, it's

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<v Speaker 2>going to have some creators that I'm watching in there.

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<v Speaker 2>And so the quote unquote algorithm really is just a

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<v Speaker 2>reflection back of your personalized interest as a viewer. And

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<v Speaker 2>so when it's changing, it's changing in the sense of

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<v Speaker 2>reflecting back your interests or your personalized history of what

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<v Speaker 2>you were watching on our platform. And that is the

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<v Speaker 2>simplest way that I can really describe, you know, it's

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<v Speaker 2>you know.

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<v Speaker 4>So it's our fault. The algorithm keeps changing.

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<v Speaker 2>Well because you know, our interests as viewers continues to change. Now, obviously,

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<v Speaker 2>we are also trying to continue to improve that experience

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<v Speaker 2>for our viewers and help creators get discovered, and so

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<v Speaker 2>we're not sitting still there. There's an enormous amount of innovation.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, AI is such a buzzword in our industry today.

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<v Speaker 2>But one of the areas where we've been investing very

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<v Speaker 2>heavily in AI for around a decade is actually in

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<v Speaker 2>those recommendations that you see when you open up the

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<v Speaker 2>YouTube app, the.

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<v Speaker 5>Mister Beast effect. It seems like everyone's trying to copy him. Now,

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<v Speaker 5>do you worry at all about the homogenization of YouTube?

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<v Speaker 2>I personally don't worry about that, and the reason is because,

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<v Speaker 2>you know, obviously, Jimmy is an incredibly successful creator on

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<v Speaker 2>our platform. He is true innovator in terms of content,

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<v Speaker 2>in terms of building that engagement with an audience. He's

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<v Speaker 2>got an enormous audience on our platform. There are lots

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<v Speaker 2>of creators obviously that try to learn from his success.

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<v Speaker 2>But there are five hundred hours of content uploaded to

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<v Speaker 2>our platform every single day, every niche interest, every learning

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<v Speaker 2>pursuit that you want to have, every musical genre. So

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<v Speaker 2>in terms of being able to find, you know, the

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<v Speaker 2>particular niche that you're interested in in that moment that

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<v Speaker 2>you're interested in, I'm never worried about it being you know,

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<v Speaker 2>homogeneous across all of YouTube.

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<v Speaker 5>A bunch of powerful YouTubers announced recently they were quitting

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<v Speaker 5>the platform.

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<v Speaker 4>You know, some of them say they're burned out.

0:11:57.559 --> 0:11:59.040
<v Speaker 5>Some of them say, you know, they can't deal with

0:11:59.080 --> 0:12:00.640
<v Speaker 5>the algorithm and all the time changes.

0:12:01.480 --> 0:12:02.920
<v Speaker 4>What do you have to say to some of those people?

0:12:02.920 --> 0:12:05.920
<v Speaker 5>And I think there's this feeling that you're pushing out

0:12:06.160 --> 0:12:09.280
<v Speaker 5>some of the more homespun creators for more flashy content.

0:12:09.600 --> 0:12:11.280
<v Speaker 2>I would say the way I look at it is

0:12:11.320 --> 0:12:15.280
<v Speaker 2>it's almost sort of a natural evolution given how long

0:12:15.440 --> 0:12:18.720
<v Speaker 2>YouTube has been around, and I've had my own history

0:12:18.760 --> 0:12:21.760
<v Speaker 2>with YouTube. I've been working with YouTube even before either

0:12:21.880 --> 0:12:24.600
<v Speaker 2>I or YouTube were part of Google, when it was

0:12:24.640 --> 0:12:26.439
<v Speaker 2>above you know, a piece of parlor right down the

0:12:26.480 --> 0:12:28.600
<v Speaker 2>street here in San mateo, and so I have really

0:12:28.640 --> 0:12:31.160
<v Speaker 2>seen that journey really kind of from me at the

0:12:31.240 --> 0:12:34.679
<v Speaker 2>zoo to what it's become today. And I would say

0:12:34.679 --> 0:12:37.760
<v Speaker 2>a couple things. First of all, everybody's decision in terms

0:12:37.800 --> 0:12:40.080
<v Speaker 2>of what they choose to do really is a personal one.

0:12:40.440 --> 0:12:43.960
<v Speaker 2>I know lots of creators who've chosen to either take

0:12:43.960 --> 0:12:46.880
<v Speaker 2>a break or perhaps move to different sorts of pursuits.

0:12:47.120 --> 0:12:49.040
<v Speaker 2>Some of them have moved from in front of the

0:12:49.080 --> 0:12:51.959
<v Speaker 2>camera to behind the camera. Some of them have moved

0:12:51.960 --> 0:12:54.680
<v Speaker 2>to grow different types of businesses out of their YouTube experience.

0:12:54.679 --> 0:12:57.800
<v Speaker 2>And I think all of that is actually a natural evolution,

0:12:57.920 --> 0:13:00.560
<v Speaker 2>but actually also really great because it's a decision that

0:13:00.600 --> 0:13:03.640
<v Speaker 2>they were able to make based on their success on

0:13:03.800 --> 0:13:07.440
<v Speaker 2>our platform. And so that's how I've seen that. You know,

0:13:07.480 --> 0:13:12.319
<v Speaker 2>it's natural for someone who's been doing something for coming

0:13:12.400 --> 0:13:15.960
<v Speaker 2>up on two decades to think about perhaps something else

0:13:15.960 --> 0:13:17.560
<v Speaker 2>that they might want to do, and so it really

0:13:17.640 --> 0:13:18.839
<v Speaker 2>is a personal choice.

0:13:19.160 --> 0:13:23.079
<v Speaker 5>Broadly, shorts does seem to be YouTube's answer to TikTok?

0:13:23.800 --> 0:13:26.839
<v Speaker 5>Is it working or are you cannibalizing the og?

0:13:27.559 --> 0:13:29.960
<v Speaker 2>YouTube has to be a place for creators where they

0:13:30.040 --> 0:13:32.280
<v Speaker 2>can do, again a fifteen second short or a fifteen

0:13:32.320 --> 0:13:34.679
<v Speaker 2>hour live stream, and we have all of those creators

0:13:34.679 --> 0:13:37.200
<v Speaker 2>on our platform, and so our investment in shorts is

0:13:37.240 --> 0:13:40.360
<v Speaker 2>something that I'm very excited about. We have seventy billion

0:13:40.440 --> 0:13:43.040
<v Speaker 2>views a day on the platform. You know, the number

0:13:43.040 --> 0:13:46.080
<v Speaker 2>of creators uploading shorts has grown fifty percent year on year.

0:13:46.600 --> 0:13:49.720
<v Speaker 2>We are in a monetization journey where every single month

0:13:50.040 --> 0:13:53.280
<v Speaker 2>for the last year since launching our monetization program on shorts,

0:13:53.280 --> 0:13:56.760
<v Speaker 2>creator's earnings have grown every single month. So lots and

0:13:56.800 --> 0:14:00.480
<v Speaker 2>lots of success around shorts, but it's still very, very

0:14:00.520 --> 0:14:01.160
<v Speaker 2>early days.

0:14:01.559 --> 0:14:04.320
<v Speaker 5>Screen Time is the number one thing parents seem to

0:14:04.320 --> 0:14:07.719
<v Speaker 5>be dealing with right now, and studies are showing that

0:14:07.760 --> 0:14:10.120
<v Speaker 5>screen time is linked to mental health issues and kids

0:14:10.120 --> 0:14:11.040
<v Speaker 5>as young as three.

0:14:11.040 --> 0:14:15.319
<v Speaker 4>Like we're talking about anxiety depression. As a dad, how

0:14:15.320 --> 0:14:17.400
<v Speaker 4>do you grapple with these issues.

0:14:17.559 --> 0:14:19.960
<v Speaker 2>It's a great question. In our home. My wife and

0:14:20.000 --> 0:14:23.120
<v Speaker 2>I talk about this on a regular basis. We have,

0:14:23.200 --> 0:14:26.360
<v Speaker 2>you know, kids across a broad range, and I think,

0:14:26.440 --> 0:14:28.440
<v Speaker 2>first of all, obviously every household has to make their

0:14:28.480 --> 0:14:31.640
<v Speaker 2>own decisions about these things. The second, I do think

0:14:31.680 --> 0:14:35.040
<v Speaker 2>that they're at least in our household, we make different

0:14:35.120 --> 0:14:38.640
<v Speaker 2>decisions depending on the age and development of all three

0:14:38.680 --> 0:14:41.080
<v Speaker 2>of our kids. Back to your point on screen time,

0:14:41.640 --> 0:14:44.920
<v Speaker 2>personalized ads is not something that we allow for under eighteens.

0:14:45.400 --> 0:14:48.880
<v Speaker 2>Uploading videos is default private, right, So those types of things,

0:14:49.040 --> 0:14:52.120
<v Speaker 2>the screen time settings are set on by default actually

0:14:52.160 --> 0:14:54.560
<v Speaker 2>for even in that case, and so that's sort of

0:14:54.560 --> 0:14:55.280
<v Speaker 2>how we deal with it.

0:14:55.280 --> 0:14:57.280
<v Speaker 5>It's almost like kids, I mean, kids are spending billions

0:14:57.320 --> 0:14:59.760
<v Speaker 5>of hours on YouTube. It's almost like the default babysitter.

0:15:00.080 --> 0:15:01.600
<v Speaker 5>Do you think about that responsibility?

0:15:02.200 --> 0:15:04.280
<v Speaker 2>I think about it on a daily basis, And it

0:15:04.320 --> 0:15:07.960
<v Speaker 2>starts with those principles which get baked into our products, YouTube,

0:15:08.040 --> 0:15:12.280
<v Speaker 2>Kids Supervisors Experiences, even the main app for under eighteens.

0:15:12.680 --> 0:15:16.040
<v Speaker 2>But it doesn't stop there. It's about also the policies

0:15:16.080 --> 0:15:19.360
<v Speaker 2>that govern the content that should be allowed for young people.

0:15:19.400 --> 0:15:23.080
<v Speaker 2>So we've always had very strong policies around wellbeing of

0:15:23.160 --> 0:15:27.320
<v Speaker 2>young people, obviously very strong policies around eating disorders and

0:15:27.360 --> 0:15:30.200
<v Speaker 2>self harm and that type of content. But it's not

0:15:30.280 --> 0:15:33.080
<v Speaker 2>just about what content comes down from the platform. It

0:15:33.200 --> 0:15:37.360
<v Speaker 2>is also how our recommendation algorithms think about that. And

0:15:37.520 --> 0:15:40.440
<v Speaker 2>the third thing which sometimes gets overlooked but I think

0:15:40.600 --> 0:15:44.320
<v Speaker 2>is really important, is also having a set of guidelines

0:15:44.360 --> 0:15:48.680
<v Speaker 2>that we provide to the creative community about content that

0:15:48.800 --> 0:15:52.680
<v Speaker 2>is appropriate for kids of all ages. Importantly, for all

0:15:52.720 --> 0:15:56.040
<v Speaker 2>of these buckets, we really do work with a large

0:15:56.040 --> 0:16:00.760
<v Speaker 2>stable of experts, so child wellbeing experts, child develop and experts,

0:16:00.960 --> 0:16:06.400
<v Speaker 2>children's media experts, and this group of outside advisors really

0:16:06.440 --> 0:16:08.720
<v Speaker 2>gives us advice on all of these things, our products,

0:16:08.720 --> 0:16:12.480
<v Speaker 2>our content policies, our creator guidelines, and so it's an

0:16:12.520 --> 0:16:16.080
<v Speaker 2>ongoing process. We're not perfect by any means, but it's

0:16:16.160 --> 0:16:19.280
<v Speaker 2>a lot of this that goes into the products that

0:16:19.920 --> 0:16:22.200
<v Speaker 2>the young people in your household experience every day.

0:16:22.640 --> 0:16:25.560
<v Speaker 5>Artificial intelligence is clearly going to have a powerful impact

0:16:25.560 --> 0:16:26.720
<v Speaker 5>on all platforms.

0:16:26.880 --> 0:16:29.120
<v Speaker 4>How will AI change YouTube?

0:16:29.600 --> 0:16:32.880
<v Speaker 2>I feel that YouTube is uniquely positioned in one very

0:16:32.880 --> 0:16:35.440
<v Speaker 2>specific way when it comes to artificial intelligence. Of course,

0:16:35.480 --> 0:16:38.680
<v Speaker 2>we are a technology company. We have lots of engineers

0:16:38.680 --> 0:16:40.800
<v Speaker 2>that work here building all the products that we have

0:16:40.840 --> 0:16:43.760
<v Speaker 2>been talking about, and so we have a deep investment

0:16:43.840 --> 0:16:48.000
<v Speaker 2>in artificial intelligence going back years and years. Everything from

0:16:48.320 --> 0:16:51.320
<v Speaker 2>the way that we recommend content, all the work that

0:16:51.360 --> 0:16:54.240
<v Speaker 2>we do to protect users on our platform from bad actors,

0:16:54.320 --> 0:16:58.120
<v Speaker 2>bad content, etc. That has borne out through heavy investment

0:16:58.200 --> 0:17:01.960
<v Speaker 2>in AI. But we're also a creative company. We're a

0:17:02.000 --> 0:17:04.920
<v Speaker 2>platform where creators come every day to share their ideas,

0:17:04.960 --> 0:17:07.800
<v Speaker 2>share their amazing work with their fans all over the world.

0:17:08.200 --> 0:17:12.239
<v Speaker 2>So bringing together the best of AI and using it

0:17:12.280 --> 0:17:15.640
<v Speaker 2>to really empower human creativity is how I think you're

0:17:15.680 --> 0:17:17.240
<v Speaker 2>going to see it show up on YouTube.

0:17:17.480 --> 0:17:20.639
<v Speaker 5>You've got a new tool now that requires users to

0:17:20.760 --> 0:17:23.280
<v Speaker 5>disclose when they're using AI generated content.

0:17:23.800 --> 0:17:27.800
<v Speaker 4>But why put that responsibility on users? Shouldn't you two

0:17:27.840 --> 0:17:29.040
<v Speaker 4>be making that distinction.

0:17:29.480 --> 0:17:32.719
<v Speaker 2>Well, the person who's going to know best that they

0:17:32.760 --> 0:17:35.600
<v Speaker 2>have used either artificial intelligence, and by the way, it's

0:17:35.640 --> 0:17:38.720
<v Speaker 2>not just about purely artificial intelligence, and creators do have

0:17:38.760 --> 0:17:42.160
<v Speaker 2>a responsibility when they're uploading content and building an audience

0:17:42.320 --> 0:17:45.479
<v Speaker 2>on YouTube to disclose that, and so that's what we believe.

0:17:45.680 --> 0:17:49.280
<v Speaker 2>It is also our responsibility to put that in front

0:17:49.280 --> 0:17:51.960
<v Speaker 2>of users, and so that will be a requirement of

0:17:52.000 --> 0:17:54.960
<v Speaker 2>our creators, but we will build systems to also be

0:17:55.040 --> 0:17:58.200
<v Speaker 2>able to do our best at detecting that. That's an

0:17:58.320 --> 0:18:01.080
<v Speaker 2>area of investment for us. It's built on our existing

0:18:01.160 --> 0:18:03.840
<v Speaker 2>policies and principles around content and our platform.

0:18:04.160 --> 0:18:07.119
<v Speaker 5>So you're also going to flag videos that you notice

0:18:07.119 --> 0:18:10.960
<v Speaker 5>have AI involved that or maybe don't disclose.

0:18:10.600 --> 0:18:13.560
<v Speaker 2>It and users can flag those videos as well. And so,

0:18:13.760 --> 0:18:16.320
<v Speaker 2>just like for the rest of our content policies, if

0:18:16.359 --> 0:18:20.399
<v Speaker 2>a user notices something that this is actually deceptive in

0:18:20.440 --> 0:18:23.439
<v Speaker 2>this particular way, users can flag that and we use

0:18:23.480 --> 0:18:27.200
<v Speaker 2>those user flags to actually make policy decisions. In this case,

0:18:27.240 --> 0:18:29.760
<v Speaker 2>the decision would be applying a label to that content.

0:18:29.880 --> 0:18:32.720
<v Speaker 2>And so that's one approach, but that's really only one

0:18:32.800 --> 0:18:35.760
<v Speaker 2>approach by which we're thinking about living up to our

0:18:35.800 --> 0:18:39.600
<v Speaker 2>responsibility in this really rapidly changing world powered by AI.

0:18:39.840 --> 0:18:41.320
<v Speaker 4>Well, talk about rapidly changing.

0:18:41.440 --> 0:18:43.919
<v Speaker 5>What was your reaction when you saw open ais Ora

0:18:44.040 --> 0:18:45.640
<v Speaker 5>demo the technology.

0:18:46.119 --> 0:18:48.600
<v Speaker 2>What's really amazing about this and our teams talk about

0:18:48.600 --> 0:18:51.320
<v Speaker 2>this in our product reviews on a regular basis, is

0:18:51.359 --> 0:18:55.080
<v Speaker 2>that there are new developments that are happening almost on

0:18:55.119 --> 0:18:58.560
<v Speaker 2>a weekly, monthly sort of basis. And when I think

0:18:58.600 --> 0:19:01.119
<v Speaker 2>about again, just from a YouTube perspective, the way that

0:19:01.240 --> 0:19:05.400
<v Speaker 2>you should expect AI to manifest itself in the product

0:19:05.600 --> 0:19:10.639
<v Speaker 2>is through creator tools, and as a creator, honestly, whether

0:19:10.640 --> 0:19:13.240
<v Speaker 2>they're powered by AI or not is sort of besides

0:19:13.280 --> 0:19:16.160
<v Speaker 2>the point. They should allow you to do things that

0:19:16.400 --> 0:19:20.000
<v Speaker 2>otherwise you could only imagine in the past, or something

0:19:20.000 --> 0:19:22.880
<v Speaker 2>that might have taken you nine weeks to do, maybe

0:19:22.880 --> 0:19:25.240
<v Speaker 2>you can do in like nine minutes or nine seconds.

0:19:25.560 --> 0:19:29.399
<v Speaker 5>Open ai Cto Mira Marati was asked what data was

0:19:29.480 --> 0:19:32.440
<v Speaker 5>used to train Sora, and she didn't give a clear answer.

0:19:32.960 --> 0:19:36.440
<v Speaker 4>Do you believe that YouTube was used to train SOA.

0:19:37.040 --> 0:19:38.800
<v Speaker 2>Well, I don't know. I think first you would have

0:19:38.880 --> 0:19:42.119
<v Speaker 2>to you know, I guess they were asked, but you

0:19:42.119 --> 0:19:45.000
<v Speaker 2>know you'd have to ask them. I have seen reports

0:19:45.080 --> 0:19:47.480
<v Speaker 2>that it may or may not have been used. I

0:19:47.600 --> 0:19:52.639
<v Speaker 2>have no information myself, and so I'd encourage you to

0:19:52.680 --> 0:19:54.720
<v Speaker 2>ask them directly if it was.

0:19:54.720 --> 0:19:56.680
<v Speaker 4>Being used, Would that be against your policy?

0:19:57.080 --> 0:19:59.360
<v Speaker 2>It would be. We have a clear terms of service

0:20:00.119 --> 0:20:03.440
<v Speaker 2>that when a creator uploads their hard work to our platform,

0:20:03.600 --> 0:20:07.520
<v Speaker 2>they have certain expectations. One of those expectations is that

0:20:07.640 --> 0:20:10.640
<v Speaker 2>the terms of service is going to be abided by.

0:20:10.680 --> 0:20:14.080
<v Speaker 2>And our terms of service does allow for some YouTube

0:20:14.080 --> 0:20:16.639
<v Speaker 2>content like the title of a video or the channel

0:20:16.680 --> 0:20:20.120
<v Speaker 2>name or the creator's name to be scraped, because that's

0:20:20.160 --> 0:20:22.560
<v Speaker 2>how you enable the open Web for that content to

0:20:22.600 --> 0:20:25.520
<v Speaker 2>show up and maybe show up in other search engines

0:20:25.600 --> 0:20:27.879
<v Speaker 2>or what have you, and be available that way. But

0:20:27.960 --> 0:20:31.520
<v Speaker 2>it does not allow for things like transcripts or video

0:20:31.560 --> 0:20:34.400
<v Speaker 2>bits to be downloaded, and that is a clear violation

0:20:34.520 --> 0:20:38.000
<v Speaker 2>of our toss. And so those are the rules of

0:20:38.040 --> 0:20:40.720
<v Speaker 2>the road in terms of content on our platform, and how.

0:20:40.600 --> 0:20:44.240
<v Speaker 5>Does it work internally? Is Google using YouTube to train Gemini?

0:20:44.520 --> 0:20:48.960
<v Speaker 2>Google uses YouTube content really in accordance again back with

0:20:49.000 --> 0:20:52.800
<v Speaker 2>those terms of service or individual contracts that we might

0:20:52.840 --> 0:20:55.439
<v Speaker 2>have with creators or uploaders to our platform. As you know,

0:20:56.040 --> 0:20:59.240
<v Speaker 2>lots of creators have different sort of licensing contracts in

0:20:59.320 --> 0:21:02.000
<v Speaker 2>terms of their con our platform. Lots of rights holders do,

0:21:02.560 --> 0:21:05.880
<v Speaker 2>and so some portion of that YouTube Corpus maybe being

0:21:05.960 --> 0:21:07.600
<v Speaker 2>used for those models, but it's going to be in

0:21:07.640 --> 0:21:11.040
<v Speaker 2>concert with whatever the terms of service or the contract

0:21:11.040 --> 0:21:14.560
<v Speaker 2>that that creator is signed before uploading their content to YouTube.

0:21:14.600 --> 0:21:15.040
<v Speaker 4>And how is.

0:21:15.040 --> 0:21:17.639
<v Speaker 5>YouTube working with creators to make sure their IP is

0:21:17.680 --> 0:21:19.439
<v Speaker 5>protected and that they get paid for it.

0:21:19.480 --> 0:21:21.600
<v Speaker 2>A lot of it does start with our core terms

0:21:21.600 --> 0:21:23.880
<v Speaker 2>of service and what the rules there are in terms

0:21:23.960 --> 0:21:27.840
<v Speaker 2>of how their content can be used, how it shouldn't

0:21:27.840 --> 0:21:30.359
<v Speaker 2>be getting scraped, et cetera. So that's an important part

0:21:30.400 --> 0:21:33.879
<v Speaker 2>of our efforts there. But I would take a step

0:21:33.920 --> 0:21:37.000
<v Speaker 2>back and say that as we're thinking about how AI

0:21:37.000 --> 0:21:40.440
<v Speaker 2>technology is going to show up on the YouTube platform,

0:21:40.520 --> 0:21:42.920
<v Speaker 2>it's going to go back to the core mission, which

0:21:42.960 --> 0:21:46.960
<v Speaker 2>is it's ultimately about making creators successful on our platform,

0:21:47.040 --> 0:21:49.280
<v Speaker 2>building magical experiences for our viewers.

0:21:49.440 --> 0:21:52.640
<v Speaker 5>When I first saw SOA, I was definitely taken it back,

0:21:52.840 --> 0:21:56.919
<v Speaker 5>like misinformation is already rampant. Are we staring down the

0:21:56.960 --> 0:22:01.080
<v Speaker 5>barrel of a future where we won't know what's real.

0:22:00.920 --> 0:22:03.840
<v Speaker 4>And what's fake? Is this the end of truth as

0:22:03.920 --> 0:22:04.399
<v Speaker 4>we know it?

0:22:04.720 --> 0:22:07.440
<v Speaker 2>I would say that we have to have two key

0:22:07.480 --> 0:22:10.760
<v Speaker 2>aspects of our approach here versus. This technology is here.

0:22:10.880 --> 0:22:14.440
<v Speaker 2>We can't hide from this technology, and I am all

0:22:14.480 --> 0:22:17.040
<v Speaker 2>of my experience in terms of these types of big

0:22:17.080 --> 0:22:20.400
<v Speaker 2>paradigm shifts, whether it was the birth of the Internet

0:22:20.560 --> 0:22:23.960
<v Speaker 2>or that shift from desktop to mobile, is that it's

0:22:24.000 --> 0:22:28.120
<v Speaker 2>going to lead to many, many amazing opportunities. Having said that,

0:22:28.480 --> 0:22:30.800
<v Speaker 2>this is also technology that, if it's in the hands

0:22:30.840 --> 0:22:34.240
<v Speaker 2>of bad actors, will reduce the cost of producing, in

0:22:34.280 --> 0:22:38.360
<v Speaker 2>your example, deep fakes or misinformation to zero or very

0:22:38.359 --> 0:22:41.000
<v Speaker 2>close to zero. So we have to be cognizant of that.

0:22:41.200 --> 0:22:43.320
<v Speaker 2>AI is going to play a really big role in

0:22:43.359 --> 0:22:46.639
<v Speaker 2>actually detecting that type of content, but also all the

0:22:46.680 --> 0:22:49.840
<v Speaker 2>amazing trained professionals we have all over the world that

0:22:49.880 --> 0:22:52.159
<v Speaker 2>are reviewing this content. So all of those things have

0:22:52.200 --> 0:22:52.879
<v Speaker 2>to come in together.

0:22:53.200 --> 0:22:55.640
<v Speaker 5>It's a record election year, more than half the world

0:22:55.720 --> 0:22:59.200
<v Speaker 5>is voting. How is Google going to ensure fair information

0:22:59.320 --> 0:23:02.040
<v Speaker 5>and free election, especially in the age of AI.

0:23:02.600 --> 0:23:06.000
<v Speaker 2>We have a new policy in place that is requiring

0:23:06.320 --> 0:23:09.720
<v Speaker 2>labeling of this sort of content. We won't just stop there.

0:23:10.320 --> 0:23:14.760
<v Speaker 2>When people are looking for election related information on our platform.

0:23:15.160 --> 0:23:18.240
<v Speaker 2>We raise up content that comes from channels that have

0:23:18.640 --> 0:23:21.960
<v Speaker 2>a history of authority, and again authority not determined by me,

0:23:22.400 --> 0:23:25.480
<v Speaker 2>but by third party raiders all over the world that

0:23:25.720 --> 0:23:30.200
<v Speaker 2>evaluate content from these channels, So content from authoritative sources.

0:23:30.800 --> 0:23:34.680
<v Speaker 2>We have an intelligence desk, and we have a capability,

0:23:34.760 --> 0:23:38.080
<v Speaker 2>a Google wide capability, the Threat Analysis group that is

0:23:38.119 --> 0:23:43.480
<v Speaker 2>looking for coordinated deceptive practices, state actor deceptive practices that

0:23:43.560 --> 0:23:46.880
<v Speaker 2>might be using some of this technology. And finally, this

0:23:46.960 --> 0:23:50.280
<v Speaker 2>is all based on a foundation of actually having policies

0:23:50.320 --> 0:23:52.920
<v Speaker 2>in place that make sure that YouTube isn't a place

0:23:52.960 --> 0:23:56.920
<v Speaker 2>for content that violates our election integrity policy. Our hate

0:23:56.960 --> 0:24:01.000
<v Speaker 2>speech policies are harmful, criminal conspiracy policies, So all of

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<v Speaker 2>those things have to come in to affect to make

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<v Speaker 2>sure that we are a place where people can have

0:24:06.280 --> 0:24:09.600
<v Speaker 2>open discourse around politics and elections, because YouTube is an

0:24:09.640 --> 0:24:12.960
<v Speaker 2>open platform where a lot of that electoral process plays out,

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<v Speaker 2>but also one where we're doing our best to make

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<v Speaker 2>sure that this type of technology doesn't allow for misinformation

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<v Speaker 2>to get distributed.

0:24:19.800 --> 0:24:22.000
<v Speaker 5>I hear that you're the kind of leader that you

0:24:22.000 --> 0:24:23.640
<v Speaker 5>know you keep cool.

0:24:23.520 --> 0:24:24.320
<v Speaker 4>In a crisis.

0:24:24.640 --> 0:24:27.119
<v Speaker 5>What does it take to do that, especially at a

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<v Speaker 5>company like YouTube where you know there's a lot going

0:24:29.760 --> 0:24:31.320
<v Speaker 5>on on the platform every day.

0:24:31.480 --> 0:24:33.840
<v Speaker 2>You know, my wife jokes that my nickname is even

0:24:33.880 --> 0:24:36.440
<v Speaker 2>Keel Neil, and that's just kind of how I've I've

0:24:36.560 --> 0:24:40.080
<v Speaker 2>always been so u It's you know, I think from

0:24:40.119 --> 0:24:44.000
<v Speaker 2>my standpoint, it's about keeping perspective, the bigger picture in mind,

0:24:44.280 --> 0:24:47.119
<v Speaker 2>and I think that when it comes to those types

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<v Speaker 2>of difficult moments in terms of operating our business, what

0:24:50.960 --> 0:24:53.960
<v Speaker 2>I really try to fall back to are always first principles,

0:24:54.080 --> 0:24:58.280
<v Speaker 2>because those difficult moments always involve making trade offs between

0:24:58.560 --> 0:25:01.600
<v Speaker 2>really really tough choices, and so being grounded in a

0:25:01.600 --> 0:25:04.760
<v Speaker 2>set of core principles about what truly is important for

0:25:04.840 --> 0:25:08.000
<v Speaker 2>the business, what's right for our users, allows me to

0:25:08.080 --> 0:25:11.000
<v Speaker 2>stay calm and actually help the teams make those types

0:25:11.000 --> 0:25:11.719
<v Speaker 2>of decisions.

0:25:12.160 --> 0:25:15.119
<v Speaker 5>So where does even Keel Neil want YouTube to be

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<v Speaker 5>in five years.

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<v Speaker 2>I want to be a place where we are the

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<v Speaker 2>best place to create, to share, to watch a video,

0:25:25.000 --> 0:25:26.879
<v Speaker 2>regardless of where you are in the world or what

0:25:27.000 --> 0:25:30.240
<v Speaker 2>device you're on ours. That's my vision. That's the vision

0:25:30.280 --> 0:25:34.240
<v Speaker 2>for YouTube. A couple of just concrete examples are We've

0:25:34.240 --> 0:25:36.760
<v Speaker 2>talked about living room growth, so that is a big

0:25:36.800 --> 0:25:39.639
<v Speaker 2>area where I think we're in the very early days

0:25:39.680 --> 0:25:43.920
<v Speaker 2>of the growth journey around YouTube and living rooms all

0:25:43.960 --> 0:25:47.639
<v Speaker 2>over the world. We've talked about creation, AI powered creation,

0:25:47.800 --> 0:25:50.240
<v Speaker 2>the fact that we have these supercomputers in our pockets,

0:25:50.240 --> 0:25:54.600
<v Speaker 2>in our phones, so participatory creation, especially for younger audiences,

0:25:54.640 --> 0:25:57.240
<v Speaker 2>all of us being creators. We're in the really really

0:25:57.280 --> 0:25:59.679
<v Speaker 2>early days of that as well. And so those are

0:25:59.760 --> 0:26:02.840
<v Speaker 2>kind of two really big trends that I see growing

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<v Speaker 2>over the next five years.

0:26:04.400 --> 0:26:07.440
<v Speaker 4>Thank you. That was awesome. I really appreciate it. Don't

0:26:07.480 --> 0:26:09.639
<v Speaker 4>forget to like and subscribe.

0:26:09.880 --> 0:26:12.720
<v Speaker 5>I'm Emily Chang. Follow me on Twitter and Instagram at

0:26:12.720 --> 0:26:15.480
<v Speaker 5>Emily Chang TV. You can watch new episodes of the

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<v Speaker 5>Circuit on Bloomberg Television or on demand by downloading the

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<v Speaker 5>check out other Bloomberg podcasts on Apple Podcasts, the iHeartMedia app, Spotify,

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<v Speaker 5>or wherever you listen to your shows, and let us

0:26:29.320 --> 0:26:31.560
<v Speaker 5>know what you think by leaving a review. They really

0:26:31.600 --> 0:26:34.879
<v Speaker 5>make a difference. I'm your host and executive producer. Our

0:26:34.920 --> 0:26:38.240
<v Speaker 5>senior producers are Lauren Ellis and Alan Jeffries. Our editor

0:26:38.440 --> 0:26:40.560
<v Speaker 5>is Alison Casey. Catch you next time.