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Speaker 1: Today's episode of Stuff you Missed in History Class is

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Speaker 1: brought to you by Carnivore Club. You can escape the

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Speaker 1: place your order using promo code history, you will get off. Hey.

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Speaker 1: I'm Chuck and I'm Josh, and we're the host of

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Speaker 1: Stuff you should know the podcast that's right and if

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Speaker 1: you're into understanding cool and unusual and seemingly ordinary and

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Speaker 1: even boring things that are made interesting, you should check

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Speaker 1: us out. Please and thank you. We're on iTunes, Spotify,

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Speaker 1: Google Play Music, anywhere you get podcasts. Welcome to Stuff

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Speaker 1: you Missed in History Class from how Stuff Works dot com. Hello,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Holly Fry and I'm

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Speaker 1: trade P. P. Wilson. So in our last episode, we

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Speaker 1: talked about the fear and unrest that gripped the United

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Speaker 1: States at the conclusion of World War One. Armistice certainly

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Speaker 1: did not put an end to these stresses of financial

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Speaker 1: problems and racial divide and labor strikes that were happening

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Speaker 1: throughout the country. And there was a growing fear that

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Speaker 1: our revolution, incited by foreign anarchists or communists, was going

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Speaker 1: to change America forever. And after rising through the political

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Speaker 1: ranks to become Attorney General, and after a series of

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Speaker 1: coordinated bomb attacks on prominent U. S citizens, A Mitchell

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Speaker 1: Palmer made it his mission to root out what he

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Speaker 1: believed to be a revolutionary threat to national security. So

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Speaker 1: we highly recommend you listen to part one of this

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Speaker 1: two part episode before this one so that you have

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Speaker 1: a fuller context for the events that were about to

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Speaker 1: talk about. Because while there were some legitimate concerning events

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Speaker 1: that happened, this quickly spread and became about one man's

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Speaker 1: hunt to basically get rid of as many immigrants as

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Speaker 1: he could. Starting on November seven, nineteen nineteen, two years

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Speaker 1: after Russia's Bolshevik Revolution, locations in twelve different cities and

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Speaker 1: towns were raided by Palmer's assembled forces in a coordinated effort.

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Speaker 1: One of the rated locations was the Russian People's House

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Speaker 1: at one thirty three East fifteenth Street in New York,

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Speaker 1: and this building housed the office of the Federated Unions

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Speaker 1: of Russian Workers, as well as a cafeteria and classrooms.

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Speaker 1: When the agents from the Department of Justice arrived, they

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Speaker 1: had warrants for a few suspects, but they launched a

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Speaker 1: full scale attack on the entire building and everyone in it.

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Speaker 1: Furniture and property were destroyed, and students from classrooms were

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Speaker 1: violently herded into stairwells and in many cases shoves so

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Speaker 1: that they fell downstairs. Several hundred people in total were

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Speaker 1: beaten with quote black jacks and stair rails. Those same

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Speaker 1: several hundred people were taken to a nearby Department of

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Speaker 1: Justice office and questioned. Only an estimated one fifth of

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Speaker 1: those initially taken into custody were held and the rest

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Speaker 1: were released, but many of them were seriously injured. The

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Speaker 1: treatment of the group at the hands of the Department

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Speaker 1: of Justice led to a protest at Madison Square Garden

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Speaker 1: the following night, led by attorney and activist Dudley Field Malone,

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Speaker 1: and a letter was written to the Attorney General by

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Speaker 1: the New York Bar Association that demanded to know if

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Speaker 1: the raid had indeed been under the direction of the

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Speaker 1: Department of Justice, and also requested an investigation into the events.

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Speaker 1: That letter was never acknowledged by Palmer's office. The same

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Speaker 1: night of that protest, on November eight, a group of

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Speaker 1: men had gathered to discuss purchasing a vehicle so that

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Speaker 1: everyone in the community to learn how to drive. That

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Speaker 1: meeting in Bridgeport, Connecticut, was rated and ext three arrests

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Speaker 1: were made. Sixteen people were released over the following two days,

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Speaker 1: but after three days of being held in cramped quarters

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Speaker 1: at the local police station with little to no food,

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Speaker 1: the remaining forty seven were moved to the Hartford Jail

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Speaker 1: under the direction of the Department of Justice, and while

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Speaker 1: they were in the Hertford Jail, there were additional arrests

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Speaker 1: being made and those individuals were added to the numbers,

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Speaker 1: and people who applied for visitation to the arrested men

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Speaker 1: were also often jailed until the Hartford group number nine seven.

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Speaker 1: They were questioned, they were threatened with suffocation and hanging,

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Speaker 1: and they were beaten. The Department of Labor and the

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Speaker 1: Department of Justice worked in conjunction to file arrest warrants

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Speaker 1: after the fact. For all of the men that were

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Speaker 1: held there. They were all kept alone in their cells,

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Speaker 1: with agents of the Department of Justice as their only visitors.

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Speaker 1: They were allowed no reading materials. Many of the men

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Speaker 1: had no idea what they were even being held for,

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Speaker 1: and when they questioned that their jailers got no information.

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Speaker 1: Most had no idea if there was bail set for them,

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Speaker 1: and if there was, how much it was. They were

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Speaker 1: given two to five minutes per day at a sink

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Speaker 1: outside of their cells to wash their face and hands,

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Speaker 1: and they were allowed five minutes of tub time per

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Speaker 1: month to wash their bodies. Food was often insufficient and

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Speaker 1: also foul, and family and friends were not allowed any

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Speaker 1: contact with these men in the prison. Punishment in the

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Speaker 1: Heart for jail took place in four identical rooms. Each

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Speaker 1: of them were fifty one inches by one and six

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Speaker 1: inches that's about one point three meters by two point

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Speaker 1: seven ms h in their their floor size, and these

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Speaker 1: rooms were situated over a boiler room, and consequently they

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Speaker 1: would become unbearably hot. Men suspected of holding anarchist or

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Speaker 1: communist ideologies were put into such rooms for thirty six

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Speaker 1: to sixty hours at a time, with one glass of

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Speaker 1: water and one of bread given to them every twelve hours.

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Speaker 1: Most were unconscious when their time in a punishment room

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Speaker 1: had ended. According to a later investigation, only one person

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Speaker 1: in the five months that they were using these rooms

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Speaker 1: was actually able to walk back to his regular cell

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Speaker 1: without help. The situation in Hartford lasted, as we just mentioned,

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Speaker 1: for five months until April nineteen twenty. At that point,

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Speaker 1: a lawyer finally managed to get into the jail and

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Speaker 1: the conditions were immediately deemed unacceptable, which we will talk

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Speaker 1: about more in a moment. In December, a number of

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Speaker 1: the detainees were deported to Russia by ship which was

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Speaker 1: nicknamed the Red Arc and Soviet Arc in press reports.

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Speaker 1: Although this really was done rather quietly and quickly, it's

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Speaker 1: unclear if there was sufficient paperwork for all of the

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Speaker 1: people put on that boat. YEA, Often with an event

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Speaker 1: as old as this one is, like it is old

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Speaker 1: enough that typically I can find a lot of photos

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Speaker 1: that might be in the public domain, and it's it's

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Speaker 1: recent enough that there are a lot of photo photos.

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Speaker 1: It's not so old that there are no pictures, not

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Speaker 1: a lot of pictures of this. No. The response to

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Speaker 1: these initial raids had been largely positive. Emboldened by the

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Speaker 1: November successes, Amitial Palmer made even bigger plans. On January second,

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Speaker 1: nineteen twenty, a second mass raid effort was launched, and

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Speaker 1: approximately three thousand people were arrested over the course of

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Speaker 1: several days in thirty different cities and towns. On the second,

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Speaker 1: a chief agent to the Department of Justice in Detroit

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Speaker 1: named Arthur L. Barky received an order from Palmer to

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Speaker 1: raid the suspected headquarters of the Communist Party. Eight hundred

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Speaker 1: men were captured as they attended classes and dances in

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Speaker 1: the building, and then they were held for three to

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Speaker 1: six days in a corridor in the city's federal building

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Speaker 1: in the dark. The captive men had no beds, they

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Speaker 1: slept on the floor. All eight hundred of them had

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Speaker 1: to weight in lines for access to the one drinking

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Speaker 1: fountain and one toilet available. No food was given to

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Speaker 1: them until family members started showing up with provisions about

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Speaker 1: twenty hours into their captivity. They were not allowed to

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Speaker 1: speak to family or legal counsel, and law enforcement eventually

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Speaker 1: started moving them in groups to precinct police stations with

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Speaker 1: actual holding cells. Between one hundred thirty and one hundred

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Speaker 1: forty of these men were moved to the police bullpen,

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Speaker 1: which was intended for keeping people arrested for petty crimes

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Speaker 1: for a few hours at a time. It was a

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Speaker 1: seller room with one window twenty four by thirty feet

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Speaker 1: that's seven point three by nine point one meters in

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Speaker 1: length and width, and those men, again, a hundred and

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Speaker 1: thirty two hundred and forty men, were held in that

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Speaker 1: cramped space for a week with no beds, relying primarily

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Speaker 1: on food that was brought in by relatives to survive.

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Speaker 1: Tallies of the men est to made it that approximately

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Speaker 1: three hundred fifty of them were American citizens or aliens

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Speaker 1: who could prove that they were in no way connected

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Speaker 1: to any sort of radicalism. Of the eight hundred men

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Speaker 1: initially seized, there were eventually warrants issued for four hundred

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Speaker 1: forty of them. Ten days after they had actually been arrested.

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Speaker 1: One hundred forty of them got out on bond, and

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Speaker 1: the other three hundred were moved to an army fort

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Speaker 1: for longer term holding, and they remained there for several months.

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Speaker 1: We're actually going to discuss something you might not expect

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Speaker 1: in just a moment, which is paperwork. But before we do,

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Speaker 1: let's pause for just a moment, take a break from

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Speaker 1: the palm raids because it is a little bit heavy,

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Speaker 1: and talk about one of our sponsors that keeps the

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Speaker 1: these heavy topics. So the holidays are almost here. That

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Speaker 1: causes a great deal of stress every time I say it,

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Speaker 1: But I do want to say this and give a

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Speaker 1: shout out to the people that work at my post office.

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Speaker 1: I love them, But what I don't love is dealing

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Speaker 1: with all the angry people who are also there to

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Speaker 1: mail part. I don't want to be around all of

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Speaker 1: those crabby people when I'm already struggling with my own

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Speaker 1: like fight against crabbiness. So instead, stamps dot com to

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Speaker 1: all of that hassle of going to the post office.

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Speaker 1: You don't have to find parking, you don't have to walk,

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Speaker 1: you don't have to carry things. Just do everything you

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Speaker 1: would do with the post office, but do it right

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Speaker 1: there at your own desk. You can buy and print

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Speaker 1: official US postage. Using your own computer and printer, you

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Speaker 1: can print postage for any letter or package the instant

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Speaker 1: that you need it, and then you hand that off

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Speaker 1: to your mail carrier, making it easy and convenient and

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Speaker 1: not dealing with stressy, crabby people. Right now, you can

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Speaker 1: sign up for stamps dot com and use our promo

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Speaker 1: code which is stuff to get a special offer which

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Speaker 1: includes a four week trial plus a one dollar bonus

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Speaker 1: offer that's going to get you some postage as well

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Speaker 1: as a digital scale to calculate everything perfectly. So don't wait.

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Speaker 1: Go to stamps dot com and before you do anything else,

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Speaker 1: click on the microphone at the top of the homepage

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Speaker 1: and type in stuff that's stamps dot com and enter stuff.

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Speaker 1: So if you're wondering how in the world they got

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Speaker 1: the manpower to issue all these warrants for all these arrests,

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Speaker 1: the answer is they didn't. Most of the people were wounded,

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Speaker 1: were rounded up without warrants and with no formal paperwork

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Speaker 1: to document the arrests. About five thousand people were taking

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Speaker 1: into custody, most of these people being completely innocent. And

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Speaker 1: when you consider that these conditions that we talked about

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Speaker 1: in in these two instances. There were many more than

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Speaker 1: those two instances that we just talked about. They were

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Speaker 1: being kept in similar conditions, completely innocent, for weeks and

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Speaker 1: sometimes months at a time. But the other thing that

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Speaker 1: was interesting was that not all of the people who

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Speaker 1: were accused of anti American sentiment during this time were

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Speaker 1: captured in raids. Some had their lives ruined in more subtle,

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Speaker 1: but no less damning ways. And one of these was

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Speaker 1: an art teacher named Julia Pratt, and she had been

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Speaker 1: suspended from her teaching job abruptly, and when the school

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Speaker 1: board held a hearing to review her case, a man

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Speaker 1: showed up named Herman Bernard, and he testified that he

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Speaker 1: had been an undercover agent of the Department of Justice,

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Speaker 1: and then in his undercover role, he became a secretary

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Speaker 1: of the Buffalo Communist Party. And he then said that

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Speaker 1: he knew and had records of Miss Pratt as a

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Speaker 1: member of that party and the dates on which she

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Speaker 1: paid her dues. But that art teacher told a very

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Speaker 1: different story in her testimony, she said, on July eighth, Ms.

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Speaker 1: Harris invited me into her home to meet some quote

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Speaker 1: interesting intellectual friends of hers. As she put it, I

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Speaker 1: went out to Kenmore. Herman Bernard came in with two

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Speaker 1: women friends of his. He constantly injected overdrawn statements against

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Speaker 1: the government into the conversation, an outline in glowing terms

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Speaker 1: the work the Communist Party would perform in emancipating the

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Speaker 1: oppressed and exploited. Bernard later came to my house with

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Speaker 1: others of the same group, ate at my table and

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Speaker 1: I played the harp for him. It is only on

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Speaker 1: the testimony of this agent provocateur that the board has

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Speaker 1: dismissed me. And again that's one example, but there were

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Speaker 1: others where people had basically sort of like baited a

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Speaker 1: situation where they would go in and talk about communism

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Speaker 1: and people would sort of politely not and then they

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Speaker 1: would be like, that's a communist. Like there were some

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Speaker 1: very squirrely things going on. I'm pretty sure that's called entrapment.

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Speaker 1: It is indeed. Uh Still, other people from Hoover's list

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Speaker 1: were apprehended at Palmer's orders, often beaten and sometimes taken

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Speaker 1: from their homes. So where they weren't rating like big

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Speaker 1: group gatherings, but they were just going to individual people's

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Speaker 1: homes and taking them out, often without warrant and with

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Speaker 1: no cause that they stated. Uh. In at least some cases,

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Speaker 1: fake testimonies were typed up and signed with forged signatures.

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Speaker 1: There's a report we're going to talk about in a

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Speaker 1: moment that has one of these instances where it is

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Speaker 1: clearly a forged signature. There were many, many instances of

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Speaker 1: poor treatment at the hands of Palmer's agents. So, as

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Speaker 1: I've said a couple of times now, what we have

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Speaker 1: selected here to detail is just a sampling. While there

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Speaker 1: had been some unease about the November raids by the public,

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Speaker 1: the January raids caused real concern, not fear of communists

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Speaker 1: or anarchists, but fear that the Attorney General had far

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Speaker 1: overstepped his bounds. In part in response to this rash

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Speaker 1: of raids that were happening without cause, on January nineteenth,

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Speaker 1: nineteen twenty, the American Civil Liberties Union was formed, and

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Speaker 1: this was an effort on the part of a number

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Speaker 1: of concerned citizens, many of which had already been working

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Speaker 1: in the National Civil Civil Liberties Bureau, to shift the

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Speaker 1: focus away from that group's litigation only approach to one

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Speaker 1: that was more action oriented and focused on education as

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Speaker 1: well as fighting legal battles, and the spring of nineteen twenty,

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Speaker 1: the tide continued to turn against Palmer. Assistant Secretary of

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Speaker 1: Labor Lewis F. Post s all the Palmer raids as

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Speaker 1: one man's ambitions, spinning rapidly out of control, with nothing

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Speaker 1: limiting the actions that were being taken. When Post found

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Speaker 1: out about the men being held at Hartford Prison in

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Speaker 1: April of that year, he had them all transferred immediately

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Speaker 1: to the Immigration station at Deer Island, Boston, where their

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Speaker 1: conditions were better and their cases could be evaluated and

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Speaker 1: properly documented. Post went on to cancel more than fifteen

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Speaker 1: hundred deportations, which was a slap in the face to

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Speaker 1: Palmer and an act that some people that were really

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Speaker 1: behind Palmer's moves thought was treasonous. There was actually an

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Speaker 1: attempt to impeach Louis Post, but the Assistant Secretary gave

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Speaker 1: extremely persuasive and powerful testimony during his appearance before Congress,

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Speaker 1: which caused the various politicians that had been calling for

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Speaker 1: his impeachment to back off, and some of them actually

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Speaker 1: started to see that civil liberties had been outright abused

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Speaker 1: during these raids. One of the truly heartbreaking effects of

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Speaker 1: the Palmer aids for the very real, immediate and long

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Speaker 1: lasting effects that they had in the lives of innocent

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Speaker 1: people who were taking into custody. Often they struggled to

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Speaker 1: find work after their confinement because even if they were

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Speaker 1: released without charges, there were still there was still a

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Speaker 1: shadow of Bolshevism on them, and employers were unwilling to

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Speaker 1: hire them. And Palmer continued to warn the public that

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Speaker 1: terrorist attacks were coming. He was making predictions about like

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Speaker 1: on this day, this will happen. It's my intelligence tells

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Speaker 1: me this. But none of those predictions were materializing, and

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Speaker 1: his credibility really suffered for it. On May nineteen, twenty twelve,

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Speaker 1: lawyers issued issued a report on the Palmer raids. They

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Speaker 1: were R. G. Brown of Memphis, Tennessee. Zechariah Chaffee Jr.

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Speaker 1: Of Cambridge, Massachusetts, Felix Frankfurter of Cambridge, Massachusetts, Ernst Freund

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Speaker 1: of Chicago, Illinois, Swinburne Hale of New York City, Francis

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Speaker 1: Fisher Kane of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Alfred S. Niles of Baltimore, Maryland,

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Speaker 1: Roscoe Pound of Cambridge, Massachusetts, Jackson H. Rawlston of Washington,

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Speaker 1: d C. David Wallerstein of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Frank P. Walsh

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Speaker 1: of New York City, and Sarell Williams of St. Louis, Missouri.

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Speaker 1: And this report detailed all of these instances of the

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Speaker 1: Palmer raids, how literally thousands of alleged radicals had been

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Speaker 1: arrested with no warrants, held in substandard conditions, and had

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Speaker 1: been denied contact with family members and legal counsel. And

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Speaker 1: this document was jointly published by the a c l

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Speaker 1: U and the National Popular Government League. This report was,

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Speaker 1: I mean, perhaps surprisingly, based on the political climate that

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Speaker 1: we've been talking about in these two episodes, well received.

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Speaker 1: It appeared that in the face of the brutal and

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Speaker 1: illegal behavior of the Department of Justice under the guidance

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Speaker 1: of Attorney General A. Menchell Palmer, public attitudes were shifting

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Speaker 1: away from this fervent, blinding fear of the other. And

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Speaker 1: we're going to go into details about the contents of

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Speaker 1: that report, but before we do, uh, this is probably

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Speaker 1: a good place to pause and have a word from

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Speaker 1: one of our sponsors. Our sponsor today is Blue Apron,

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Speaker 1: a better way to cook. So this opening of the

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Speaker 1: report that we talked about before we went to break

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Speaker 1: is a letter to the people of the United States,

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Speaker 1: and it is lengthy, but I want to read a

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Speaker 1: significant portion of this introductory letter here. It reads to

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Speaker 1: the American people. For more than six months, we the

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Speaker 1: undersigned lawyers who sworn duty it is to uphold the

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Speaker 1: Constitution and laws of the United States, have seen with

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Speaker 1: growing apprehension the continued violation of that constitute, uition and

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Speaker 1: breaking of those laws by the Department of Justice of

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Speaker 1: the United States Government, under the guise of a campaign

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Speaker 1: for the suppression of radical activities. The Office of the

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Speaker 1: Attorney General, acting by its local agents throughout the country

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Speaker 1: and giving express instructions from Washington, has committed continued illegal

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Speaker 1: acts quote. Wholesale arrests of both aliens and citizens have

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Speaker 1: been made without warrant or any process of law. Men

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Speaker 1: and women have been jailed and held in communicado without

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Speaker 1: access of friends or counsel. Homes have been entered without

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Speaker 1: search warrant, and property seized and removed. Other property has

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Speaker 1: been wantonly destroyed, working men and working women suspected of

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Speaker 1: radical views have been shamefully abused and maltreated. Agents of

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Speaker 1: the Department of Justice have been introduced into radical organizations

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Speaker 1: for the purpose of informing upon their members or inciting

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Speaker 1: them to activities. These agents have even been instructed from

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Speaker 1: Washington to arrange meetings upon certain dates for the express

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Speaker 1: object of facilitating wholesale raids and arrests in support of

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Speaker 1: these illegal acts, and to create sentiment in its favor.

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Speaker 1: The Department of Justice has also constituted itself a propaganda bureau,

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Speaker 1: and has sent to newspapers and magazines of this country

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Speaker 1: quantities of material designed to excite public opinion against radicals,

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Speaker 1: all at the expense of the government and outside the

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Speaker 1: scope of the Attorney General's duties. We make no argument

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Speaker 1: in favor of any radical doctrine as such, whether socialist, communist,

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Speaker 1: or anarchist. No one of us belongs to any of

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Speaker 1: those schools of thought. Nor do we now raise any

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Speaker 1: question as the as to the constitutional protection of free

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Speaker 1: speech and a free press. We are concerned solely with

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Speaker 1: bringing to the attention of the American people the utterly

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Speaker 1: illegal acts which have been committed by those charged with

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Speaker 1: the highest duty of enforcing the laws. Acts which have

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Speaker 1: caused widespread suffering and unrest, have struck at the found

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Speaker 1: nation of American free institutions, and have brought the name

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Speaker 1: of our country into disres disrepute. The report grouped the

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Speaker 1: various acts of Palmer's efforts in six categories. Cruel and

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Speaker 1: unusual punishments, arrests without warrant, unreasonable searches and seizures, provocative

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Speaker 1: agents basically entrapment operatives compelling persons to witness against themselves,

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Speaker 1: and propaganda by the Department of Justice and by the Numbers.

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Speaker 1: The report offers a pretty damning assessment of the effectiveness

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Speaker 1: of Palmer's methods. As of November fourteenth, nineteen nineteen, the

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Speaker 1: Attorney General had assembled a list of sixty thousand people

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Speaker 1: by name that were suspected of radicalism of one kind

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Speaker 1: or another. As of January one, nineteen twenty, two hundred

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Speaker 1: sixty three of these sixty thousand people had been deported.

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Speaker 1: From January one to the report's release in late May,

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Speaker 1: there had been eighteen more people deported, with another five

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Speaker 1: d twenty nine ordered to deport by Palmer. Another one thousand,

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Speaker 1: five hundred forty seven warrants for deportation were canceled during

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Speaker 1: that time. By post. Of those sixty thousand suspects, the

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Speaker 1: Attorney General had only deported eight hundred and ten, and

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Speaker 1: as the report points out, that left more than fifty

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Speaker 1: one thousand people to be dealt with by Palmer's own records.

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Speaker 1: So in inflating the numbers of potential dangers, he basically

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00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:33,000
Speaker 1: stacked the deck against his own forces. Because I wound

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Speaker 1: up looking pretty ineffective. And in concluding that introduction to

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00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:40,000
Speaker 1: the report, the lawyers who worked on it wrote, quote,

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Speaker 1: it is a fallacy to suppose that any more than

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Speaker 1: in the past, any servant of the people can safely

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00:23:45,440 --> 00:23:49,399
Speaker 1: arrogate to himself unlimited authority. To proceed upon such a

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Speaker 1: supposition is to deny the fundamental American theory of the

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Speaker 1: consent of the governed. Here is no question of a vague,

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00:23:57,080 --> 00:24:01,119
Speaker 1: threatened menace, but a present assault upon them sacred principles

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Speaker 1: of our constitutional liberty. One of the testimonies included in

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Speaker 1: this report is from an an immigrant named Alexander Bukawetski,

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Speaker 1: who had come to the United States from Russia and

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Speaker 1: had been captured in the November raids. One section of

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Speaker 1: his statement reads quote, when I came to America, I

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Speaker 1: came with a thought that I was coming to a

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Speaker 1: free country, a place of freedom and happiness, and I

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Speaker 1: was anxious to come to get away from the Zaristic

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Speaker 1: form of government. As much as I was anxious to

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Speaker 1: come here to America, I am a hundred times more

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Speaker 1: anxious to run away from Americanism and return to Soviet Russia,

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Speaker 1: where I will at least be able to live. Bukawetski's

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00:24:36,520 --> 00:24:39,680
Speaker 1: testimony also mentions the fact that while he and men

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Speaker 1: like him were confined for months on end, their families

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00:24:43,400 --> 00:24:47,919
Speaker 1: really suffered. Their wives and children often went hungry, uh

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Speaker 1: they had to depend on the kindness of other people

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Speaker 1: in their communities just to survive. Another statement included in

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Speaker 1: the report is from Bukawetski's twelve year old daughter, Violet,

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Speaker 1: who witnessed her mother being beaten by prison officials when

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Speaker 1: the family attempted to visit her father. Her father jumped

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Speaker 1: in front of his wife to shield her and was

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00:25:08,160 --> 00:25:11,760
Speaker 1: also beaten badly for doing so. Shots were fired by

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Speaker 1: one of the guards, hitting another imprisoned man in the knee.

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Speaker 1: Mrs Bukowski was deeply shaken by this incident and confined

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Speaker 1: to her bed for an extended period of time, diagnosed

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Speaker 1: by her doctor as having a nervous breakdown. In August

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00:25:26,960 --> 00:25:30,120
Speaker 1: of ninety the a c. L U published an informational

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00:25:30,119 --> 00:25:33,720
Speaker 1: pamphlet about the Red Scare titled Seeing Red Civil Liberty

436
00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:36,600
Speaker 1: in the Law in the period following the war, and

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00:25:36,640 --> 00:25:39,720
Speaker 1: it really outlined for people the conditions of fear and

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00:25:39,760 --> 00:25:42,960
Speaker 1: governmental overstepping that led to the climax of the Red Scare,

439
00:25:43,080 --> 00:25:46,560
Speaker 1: the Palmer Raids, And in the pamphlet's conclusion, it reads,

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00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:49,720
Speaker 1: civil liberty is more important today than it was in

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Speaker 1: the stagnant period when we had it, because no one

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00:25:52,240 --> 00:25:55,400
Speaker 1: troubled to a bridget The world is rising upon one

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00:25:55,440 --> 00:25:58,560
Speaker 1: of the periodic waves which carry it onward towards civilized

444
00:25:58,560 --> 00:26:03,160
Speaker 1: adjustment for human well fair. Despite all of the bad

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00:26:03,200 --> 00:26:06,440
Speaker 1: press around the raids, Palmer still ran for the Democratic

446
00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:09,959
Speaker 1: Party's presidential nomination of nineteen twenty as he had planned,

447
00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:13,440
Speaker 1: and he lost. In March nineteen twenty one. He returned

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00:26:13,480 --> 00:26:17,840
Speaker 1: once again to private practice as a lawyer. Palmer, for

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00:26:17,920 --> 00:26:21,399
Speaker 1: his part, was never remorseful about what had taken place

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00:26:21,560 --> 00:26:24,600
Speaker 1: in any public statement at least that he made in

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00:26:26,080 --> 00:26:29,240
Speaker 1: He testified to the Investigative Senate Committee on the Raids,

452
00:26:29,320 --> 00:26:33,240
Speaker 1: and he defended the entire enterprise, saying, quote, I apologize

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Speaker 1: for nothing the Department of Justice has done. I glory

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00:26:36,359 --> 00:26:39,240
Speaker 1: in it. I point with pride and enthusiasm to the

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00:26:39,280 --> 00:26:42,040
Speaker 1: results of that work. And if agents of the Department

456
00:26:42,040 --> 00:26:44,280
Speaker 1: of Labor were a little rough and unkind with these

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00:26:44,320 --> 00:26:47,600
Speaker 1: alien agitators, I think it might well be overlooked in

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00:26:47,640 --> 00:26:53,280
Speaker 1: the general good to the country. In September, FBI Director

459
00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:56,880
Speaker 1: William J. Flynn abruptly resigned, claiming a need to attend

460
00:26:57,000 --> 00:27:02,240
Speaker 1: to a private business matters very troubling time in America's

461
00:27:02,280 --> 00:27:06,080
Speaker 1: history that we don't talk about very much. I had

462
00:27:06,119 --> 00:27:09,080
Speaker 1: not heard much about it at all before you brought

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00:27:09,160 --> 00:27:12,480
Speaker 1: up wanting to do it as an episode. Yet, I mean,

464
00:27:12,560 --> 00:27:16,800
Speaker 1: you see how fear can really like emboldened situations like that,

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00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:22,600
Speaker 1: and it is troubling. Uh. I want to say a

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00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:28,320
Speaker 1: lot more, but it will not be cool. So so

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00:27:28,440 --> 00:27:31,440
Speaker 1: once again, if you listen to the last episode, you

468
00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:34,320
Speaker 1: heard our listener mail was not really a listener mail.

469
00:27:34,359 --> 00:27:37,280
Speaker 1: We're doing the same thing again this time because the

470
00:27:37,320 --> 00:27:39,199
Speaker 1: thing that we're talking about happens next week, and I

471
00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:42,879
Speaker 1: want to make sure people have this information. Uh. So

472
00:27:43,160 --> 00:27:45,840
Speaker 1: we mentioned before when we talked about this that many

473
00:27:45,920 --> 00:27:49,200
Speaker 1: many people have asked us to cover the internment of

474
00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:52,479
Speaker 1: Japanese Americans during World War two as an episode and

475
00:27:52,520 --> 00:27:59,600
Speaker 1: also other people, but it's especially especially Japanese Americans. Yes, yes, yes, yes, um.

476
00:27:59,680 --> 00:28:03,880
Speaker 1: And in part, uh, the you know, continued rise of

477
00:28:04,480 --> 00:28:07,240
Speaker 1: awareness of that incident is because George t Kay has

478
00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:10,480
Speaker 1: been so outspoken about his experience as a child living

479
00:28:10,520 --> 00:28:13,399
Speaker 1: in in one of those internment camps. And he wrote,

480
00:28:14,080 --> 00:28:17,840
Speaker 1: along with some collaborators a play called Allegiance, which was

481
00:28:17,880 --> 00:28:22,840
Speaker 1: a musical that ran on Broadway in sixteen season too

482
00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:25,960
Speaker 1: great critical acclaim. Uh. And now for those of us

483
00:28:25,960 --> 00:28:29,479
Speaker 1: that missed it or uh you know, just didn't didn't

484
00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:33,199
Speaker 1: manage to know it happened until later, there's an opportunity

485
00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:36,040
Speaker 1: to see it in your local cinema. So it was

486
00:28:36,080 --> 00:28:38,760
Speaker 1: filmed while it was running on Broadway, and it's being

487
00:28:38,760 --> 00:28:41,440
Speaker 1: distributed as a Fathom event for one night and one

488
00:28:41,520 --> 00:28:44,840
Speaker 1: night only on December, which is a Tuesday at seven

489
00:28:44,920 --> 00:28:48,200
Speaker 1: thirty pm. This is really his passion project, and he

490
00:28:48,360 --> 00:28:52,800
Speaker 1: is inviting elected officials to go to local screenings and

491
00:28:53,880 --> 00:28:56,160
Speaker 1: really see what this piece of history was like. And

492
00:28:56,240 --> 00:28:59,000
Speaker 1: you can also go to to get tickets to it.

493
00:28:59,040 --> 00:29:01,680
Speaker 1: You just need to go to uh Fathom Events dot

494
00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:06,160
Speaker 1: com and also participating theaters. You can buy them directly

495
00:29:06,200 --> 00:29:08,040
Speaker 1: at their at your local box office, but you will

496
00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:11,240
Speaker 1: have to make sure that they are running this show. Again.

497
00:29:11,240 --> 00:29:13,840
Speaker 1: It is George t Kay's Allegiance, the Broadway musical on

498
00:29:13,920 --> 00:29:16,240
Speaker 1: the Big Screen is the official name of the event.

499
00:29:16,680 --> 00:29:18,960
Speaker 1: So I encourage you go learn about this piece of

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00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:21,600
Speaker 1: history from the perspective of someone that lived through it.

501
00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:23,840
Speaker 1: As I said before, we don't get a lot of

502
00:29:23,920 --> 00:29:28,040
Speaker 1: chances to see history kind of told in this way,

503
00:29:28,080 --> 00:29:31,920
Speaker 1: so it's a unique opportunity that everybody should should do

504
00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:35,040
Speaker 1: if they can. If you would like to write to

505
00:29:35,120 --> 00:29:38,920
Speaker 1: us about what you thought of seeing Allegiance or the

506
00:29:38,960 --> 00:29:40,920
Speaker 1: Palm Raids or anything else, you can do so at

507
00:29:40,960 --> 00:29:43,719
Speaker 1: History Podcast at how stuff Works dot com. You can

508
00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:46,160
Speaker 1: also find us across the spectrum of social media as

509
00:29:46,200 --> 00:29:49,520
Speaker 1: at missed in History. We are on Twitter, as at

510
00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:52,440
Speaker 1: mist in History, Facebook dot com, slash missed in History

511
00:29:52,480 --> 00:29:55,960
Speaker 1: on Instagram, as at missed in History, missed in History

512
00:29:55,960 --> 00:30:00,360
Speaker 1: dot Tumbler, dot com, Pinterest, dot com, slash mt history.

513
00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:03,280
Speaker 1: You get the idea. We're everywhere. If you would like

514
00:30:03,400 --> 00:30:06,960
Speaker 1: to go to our parents site, you can search in

515
00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:09,560
Speaker 1: the search bar for almost anything that you are interested in,

516
00:30:09,640 --> 00:30:11,880
Speaker 1: and probably we have some cool content around it. That

517
00:30:11,960 --> 00:30:14,320
Speaker 1: is how stuff works dot com. You can also visit

518
00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:17,040
Speaker 1: us at missed in history dot com for this episode

519
00:30:17,120 --> 00:30:20,360
Speaker 1: all of our previous episodes going all the way back

520
00:30:20,400 --> 00:30:23,360
Speaker 1: to the years when it was very very short and

521
00:30:23,440 --> 00:30:26,960
Speaker 1: we were not the hosts. You can also find uh

522
00:30:27,040 --> 00:30:29,200
Speaker 1: show notes for any of the episodes that Tracy and

523
00:30:29,200 --> 00:30:31,520
Speaker 1: I have worked out together, as well as occasional other

524
00:30:31,560 --> 00:30:34,480
Speaker 1: blog posts or announcements. And now we actually have a

525
00:30:34,480 --> 00:30:36,600
Speaker 1: little bit of video that is going on. That's a

526
00:30:36,640 --> 00:30:38,800
Speaker 1: new sort of venture for stuff you missed in history

527
00:30:38,800 --> 00:30:41,320
Speaker 1: class that we're hoping to do more of. Uh So,

528
00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:43,480
Speaker 1: come and visit us at misson history dot com and

529
00:30:43,520 --> 00:30:50,280
Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com for more on this and

530
00:30:50,320 --> 00:30:52,840
Speaker 1: thousands of other topics. Is it how stuff works dot

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Speaker 1: com