1 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:04,560 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from works 2 00:00:04,600 --> 00:00:14,720 Speaker 1: dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast from tracybe Wilson. 3 00:00:14,760 --> 00:00:17,520 Speaker 1: And if any of you, I know some of you do, 4 00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:22,439 Speaker 1: but maybe you hang out on our Facebook page, you've 5 00:00:22,440 --> 00:00:25,360 Speaker 1: probably seen the guy complaining that our episode on Calamity 6 00:00:25,440 --> 00:00:29,080 Speaker 1: Jane is inaccurate. That episode that doesn't exist. We don't 7 00:00:29,120 --> 00:00:34,080 Speaker 1: have a Calamity Jane episode, so we're fixing that today. Uh, 8 00:00:34,120 --> 00:00:36,280 Speaker 1: we're pretty sure that guy on Facebook is actually complaining 9 00:00:36,280 --> 00:00:38,599 Speaker 1: about a video that we shared that neither of us 10 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:40,880 Speaker 1: is in that doesn't say Stuffy missed in history class 11 00:00:40,880 --> 00:00:43,840 Speaker 1: on it. But you know, he's basically the reason why 12 00:00:43,840 --> 00:00:46,320 Speaker 1: we're doing a Calamity Jane episode today. I was because 13 00:00:46,320 --> 00:00:49,280 Speaker 1: she's fascinating, also because she is fascinating. And the other 14 00:00:49,320 --> 00:00:51,400 Speaker 1: thing is the guy who gave us a one star 15 00:00:51,440 --> 00:00:54,000 Speaker 1: it Tunes review for talking about too many women when 16 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:56,080 Speaker 1: at that point less than a quarter of the women 17 00:00:56,320 --> 00:00:58,600 Speaker 1: in or less than a quarter of the most recent 18 00:00:58,680 --> 00:01:01,560 Speaker 1: episodes were about women. That guy gets partial credit for 19 00:01:01,720 --> 00:01:07,080 Speaker 1: our recent uptick and women because less than of women 20 00:01:07,240 --> 00:01:10,199 Speaker 1: is the opposite of too many women. So we're fixing 21 00:01:10,240 --> 00:01:12,720 Speaker 1: that balance a little bit right now apparently it's too 22 00:01:12,760 --> 00:01:16,200 Speaker 1: many for him. Yeah, but it's not a good representation 23 00:01:16,400 --> 00:01:20,440 Speaker 1: of humankind or history. Now. My favorite response in that 24 00:01:20,480 --> 00:01:23,720 Speaker 1: whole discussion was was when I pointed out that only 25 00:01:23,800 --> 00:01:26,080 Speaker 1: five of the last twenty episodes had been about women, 26 00:01:26,440 --> 00:01:30,640 Speaker 1: and one of the women was a supontified corpse, and 27 00:01:30,760 --> 00:01:34,480 Speaker 1: somebody responded and said, I think suppontified corpses are overrepresented 28 00:01:34,480 --> 00:01:39,440 Speaker 1: in the podcast. It was fantastic anyway. Calamity Jane, Yeah, 29 00:01:39,680 --> 00:01:43,080 Speaker 1: so we're gonna talk about her. Uh. Calamity Jane's grandparents 30 00:01:43,120 --> 00:01:45,480 Speaker 1: were farmers who lived in Ohio, not far from the 31 00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:49,120 Speaker 1: border with West Virginia. In the eighteen fifties, her grandfather, 32 00:01:49,280 --> 00:01:53,120 Speaker 1: James Canary, started selling off the family's land in preparation 33 00:01:53,240 --> 00:01:56,560 Speaker 1: for a move west. First, he and several of his 34 00:01:56,680 --> 00:02:00,560 Speaker 1: children and their families moved to Polk County, Iowa. One 35 00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:03,560 Speaker 1: of these children was his son Robert, who married Charlotte 36 00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:07,200 Speaker 1: Burge in Iowa on June fourteenth, eighteen fifty five. He 37 00:02:07,360 --> 00:02:10,600 Speaker 1: was thirty at that time and she was fifteen. About 38 00:02:10,600 --> 00:02:13,000 Speaker 1: a year later, on May one, eighteen fifty six, they 39 00:02:13,040 --> 00:02:15,880 Speaker 1: had a daughter named Martha Jane Canary, who would later 40 00:02:15,919 --> 00:02:19,560 Speaker 1: grow up to be Calamity Jane. Calamity Jane would eventually 41 00:02:19,560 --> 00:02:24,320 Speaker 1: have at least three siblings, possibly others who didn't survive childhood, 42 00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:26,519 Speaker 1: but we only have a lot of information about really 43 00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:29,520 Speaker 1: two of them. People talk about in a bit. Just 44 00:02:29,680 --> 00:02:34,040 Speaker 1: before the future Calamity Jane was born, James Canary resettled 45 00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:37,520 Speaker 1: the family a second time, this time to Mercer County, Missouri. 46 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:39,920 Speaker 1: He bought a bunch of land for less than he 47 00:02:39,960 --> 00:02:42,560 Speaker 1: sold the Iowa land for, and then he turned around 48 00:02:42,600 --> 00:02:45,240 Speaker 1: and sold it to his children for a steep discount. 49 00:02:45,880 --> 00:02:48,959 Speaker 1: Once again, most of the extended Canary family lived near 50 00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:52,400 Speaker 1: to one another. Calamities parents really made and we are 51 00:02:52,440 --> 00:02:55,040 Speaker 1: going to call her Calamity this whole episode because that's 52 00:02:55,080 --> 00:02:58,000 Speaker 1: fun to say. Calamities parents really made an oppression, an 53 00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:01,840 Speaker 1: impression on the residence of Mercer County. Charlotte Canary in particular, 54 00:03:01,960 --> 00:03:04,680 Speaker 1: was remembered for being the cigar smoking, foul mouthed woman 55 00:03:04,720 --> 00:03:06,519 Speaker 1: who was known to get drunk in public and we're 56 00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:10,840 Speaker 1: really flamboyant clothing. Robert, on the other hand, was remembered 57 00:03:10,840 --> 00:03:13,080 Speaker 1: for being kind of lazy and people looked down on 58 00:03:13,160 --> 00:03:15,720 Speaker 1: him for not being able to quote control his wife, 59 00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:19,360 Speaker 1: plus he allowed her to brow beat him for not 60 00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:22,600 Speaker 1: being a very good husband or provider, so they made 61 00:03:22,639 --> 00:03:26,560 Speaker 1: an impression. In eighteen sixty two, James Canary, who had 62 00:03:26,560 --> 00:03:29,440 Speaker 1: apparently been living with Robert, Charlotte and their children since 63 00:03:29,480 --> 00:03:32,480 Speaker 1: the death of his wife some time before, also died 64 00:03:32,960 --> 00:03:36,360 Speaker 1: shortly thereafter, when Calamity was six or seven, Roberts sold 65 00:03:36,400 --> 00:03:38,920 Speaker 1: the farm and the family moved again, this time away 66 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:41,360 Speaker 1: from the rest of the Canaries, and it's a little 67 00:03:41,440 --> 00:03:44,720 Speaker 1: unclear as to why, although two prevailing theories are the 68 00:03:44,760 --> 00:03:47,760 Speaker 1: Civil War and the need to dodge some issues with 69 00:03:47,840 --> 00:03:51,640 Speaker 1: the late James Canaries estate. Yeah, it seems like Robert 70 00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:54,160 Speaker 1: pretty much withheld something from James Canary is the state 71 00:03:54,160 --> 00:03:56,320 Speaker 1: that he needed the handback over to then be divided 72 00:03:56,400 --> 00:04:01,240 Speaker 1: up among his heirs, and instead he moved away from Ohio. 73 00:04:01,320 --> 00:04:03,560 Speaker 1: The family went west, and they eventually wound up in 74 00:04:03,600 --> 00:04:07,400 Speaker 1: Blackfoot City, Montana, in December of eighteen sixty four. That 75 00:04:07,480 --> 00:04:09,680 Speaker 1: winter was a really hard one and a lot of 76 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:13,360 Speaker 1: settlements in Montana were straining under a huge influx of 77 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:16,600 Speaker 1: people who had moved west, basically all at once. A 78 00:04:16,760 --> 00:04:19,520 Speaker 1: story in the Montana Post, which came out on December 79 00:04:19,560 --> 00:04:22,440 Speaker 1: thirty one of that year talked about three children who 80 00:04:22,480 --> 00:04:24,919 Speaker 1: were begging for aid from one of the commissioners of 81 00:04:24,920 --> 00:04:28,800 Speaker 1: Madison County, Montana. The article described their mother as quote 82 00:04:28,839 --> 00:04:31,360 Speaker 1: a woman of the lowest grade, and their father as 83 00:04:31,360 --> 00:04:34,400 Speaker 1: a gambler. The children in this story gave their last 84 00:04:34,480 --> 00:04:38,799 Speaker 1: name as Canary, and most historians believe that this news 85 00:04:38,880 --> 00:04:43,680 Speaker 1: article was about Calamity Jane's family. It's not exactly clear 86 00:04:43,760 --> 00:04:46,440 Speaker 1: what led the family to fall in these hard times, 87 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:49,839 Speaker 1: but things only got worse from there. Charlotte died in 88 00:04:49,880 --> 00:04:53,880 Speaker 1: eighteen sixty six. Then Robert reportedly took the children's south, 89 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:56,640 Speaker 1: having heard that the Mormons would take in and care 90 00:04:56,720 --> 00:05:01,119 Speaker 1: for needy children. Unfortunately, he also died in eighteen sixty seven, 91 00:05:01,279 --> 00:05:04,560 Speaker 1: somewhere near Salt Lake City. Calamity at this point was 92 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:07,560 Speaker 1: about eleven, and as the oldest, she needed to take 93 00:05:07,600 --> 00:05:11,960 Speaker 1: care of her surviving younger siblings. According to her nephew, 94 00:05:12,080 --> 00:05:15,480 Speaker 1: she arranged holmes for her sister Lena and her brother Elijah, 95 00:05:15,520 --> 00:05:18,240 Speaker 1: who was known as Lodge. Lena later went on to 96 00:05:18,320 --> 00:05:21,640 Speaker 1: marya farmer, and she had seven seven children that then 97 00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:25,000 Speaker 1: died in a farming accident in eighteen eighty eight. Lije 98 00:05:25,120 --> 00:05:28,080 Speaker 1: became an itinerant farm hand, including at some points in 99 00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:31,039 Speaker 1: places where Calamity also lived, and he did spend some 100 00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:35,159 Speaker 1: time in prison. Sometime between the death of her father. 101 00:05:35,279 --> 00:05:38,600 Speaker 1: In the summer of eighteen sixty nine, Calamity Jane made 102 00:05:38,640 --> 00:05:42,000 Speaker 1: her way to Piedmont, Wyoming, which we know from census records, 103 00:05:42,440 --> 00:05:45,360 Speaker 1: on which she listed her age as fifteen, not thirteen. 104 00:05:46,279 --> 00:05:49,120 Speaker 1: From there, the age she told people is consistently different 105 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:51,600 Speaker 1: from her age the first time her parents reported her 106 00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:54,200 Speaker 1: on the census. She consistently told people she was older 107 00:05:54,279 --> 00:05:58,960 Speaker 1: than she actually was. According to census records, Piedmont was 108 00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:01,160 Speaker 1: one of the many towns that had sprung up along 109 00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:04,240 Speaker 1: the Transcontinental Railroad as it was being built. It had 110 00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:06,440 Speaker 1: about a hundred residents at this point, and most of 111 00:06:06,440 --> 00:06:09,520 Speaker 1: them were male laborers. By the time of the eighteen 112 00:06:09,560 --> 00:06:12,480 Speaker 1: sixty nine census, most of its buildings had recently been 113 00:06:12,560 --> 00:06:16,880 Speaker 1: upgraded from tents to shacks. In Piedmont, Calamity lived and 114 00:06:16,880 --> 00:06:19,479 Speaker 1: worked at a boarding house, and she sometimes earned money 115 00:06:19,520 --> 00:06:23,680 Speaker 1: as sort of an in house babysitter. However, Calamity Jane 116 00:06:23,720 --> 00:06:26,600 Speaker 1: bucked expectations for what a fifteen year old girl should 117 00:06:26,640 --> 00:06:29,800 Speaker 1: be like she flirted, and she danced with soldiers who 118 00:06:29,800 --> 00:06:33,000 Speaker 1: came through the area. She cross dressed in soldiers clothing. 119 00:06:33,520 --> 00:06:36,600 Speaker 1: Her behavior was considered to be wild, so much so 120 00:06:36,680 --> 00:06:39,680 Speaker 1: that she was fired from the boarding house, and Emma Alton, 121 00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:42,560 Speaker 1: its owner, insisted later that she had had nothing at 122 00:06:42,600 --> 00:06:45,160 Speaker 1: all to do with Calamity Jane, in spite of many 123 00:06:45,160 --> 00:06:48,480 Speaker 1: witness reports to the contrary. We're not sure exactly how 124 00:06:48,520 --> 00:06:51,599 Speaker 1: long Calamity Jane stayed in Piedmont, or exactly where she 125 00:06:51,640 --> 00:06:54,279 Speaker 1: went when she left. It's not really in the newspapers 126 00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:58,200 Speaker 1: or census reports in eighteen seventy, and various other accounts 127 00:06:58,560 --> 00:07:02,680 Speaker 1: like interviews people later contradict one another. It's really the 128 00:07:02,720 --> 00:07:06,479 Speaker 1: early eighteen seventies before there were reliable reports on her whereabouts. 129 00:07:06,920 --> 00:07:09,080 Speaker 1: We have kind of a general sense that she traveled 130 00:07:09,120 --> 00:07:12,640 Speaker 1: from one wyoming boomtown to another, finding worked where she could, 131 00:07:12,760 --> 00:07:16,720 Speaker 1: doing anything from odd, odd jobs to almost certainly prostitution. 132 00:07:17,560 --> 00:07:19,840 Speaker 1: There's a brief gap here in what we know about 133 00:07:19,840 --> 00:07:22,640 Speaker 1: Calamity Jane's story, So we're going to take a brief 134 00:07:22,680 --> 00:07:25,280 Speaker 1: pause and have a word from one of the sponsors 135 00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:29,080 Speaker 1: who helps keep our show going. Calamity Jane still known 136 00:07:29,120 --> 00:07:32,920 Speaker 1: as Martha Jane Canary, traveled around various Wyoming frontier settlements 137 00:07:32,920 --> 00:07:35,760 Speaker 1: in the late eighteen sixties and early eighteen seventies. She 138 00:07:35,840 --> 00:07:38,520 Speaker 1: made a number of short stays in Cheyenne, Wyoming, and 139 00:07:38,560 --> 00:07:41,320 Speaker 1: traveled back and forth between there and the nearby forts 140 00:07:41,360 --> 00:07:44,520 Speaker 1: of Laramie and Russell, working as both an entertainer and 141 00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:48,160 Speaker 1: a prostitute. The first written account that we have of 142 00:07:48,200 --> 00:07:52,760 Speaker 1: Calamity Jane that's actually substantiated by multiple sources and is 143 00:07:52,840 --> 00:07:56,080 Speaker 1: also when she became known as Calamity, is from her 144 00:07:56,080 --> 00:07:59,320 Speaker 1: time in the Black Hills in Dakota Territory, and to 145 00:07:59,360 --> 00:08:01,480 Speaker 1: talk about that part of her life, we're going to 146 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:04,040 Speaker 1: need to set the stage a little bit. The Black 147 00:08:04,120 --> 00:08:06,680 Speaker 1: Hills of South Dakota had been set aside as part 148 00:08:06,720 --> 00:08:09,840 Speaker 1: of a reservation for the Sioux Nation and the Fort 149 00:08:09,920 --> 00:08:13,240 Speaker 1: Laramie Treaty of eighteen sixty eight. According to the terms 150 00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:15,920 Speaker 1: of this treaty, fighting between the U. S. Army and 151 00:08:15,960 --> 00:08:19,239 Speaker 1: the Sioux Nation was going to end, and the Sioux 152 00:08:19,240 --> 00:08:22,000 Speaker 1: would have exclusive rights to the Black Hills, which were 153 00:08:22,080 --> 00:08:27,480 Speaker 1: and are sacred to the Sioux. However, in eighteen seventy four, 154 00:08:27,600 --> 00:08:31,240 Speaker 1: in defiance of the treaty's terms. General George Custer led 155 00:08:31,280 --> 00:08:34,239 Speaker 1: an expedition through the Black Hills to look for gold 156 00:08:34,440 --> 00:08:38,000 Speaker 1: and found it. Words spread, leading to a gold rush, 157 00:08:38,120 --> 00:08:41,720 Speaker 1: and the miners and prospectors who flooded the area demanded 158 00:08:41,760 --> 00:08:44,520 Speaker 1: that the U. S. Army protect them from the native population, 159 00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:48,640 Speaker 1: even though they were all there illegally. As the government 160 00:08:48,679 --> 00:08:51,600 Speaker 1: started to waffle on upholding the terms of the treaty 161 00:08:51,640 --> 00:08:55,600 Speaker 1: and instead protecting non native miners and prospectors from the 162 00:08:55,679 --> 00:08:59,120 Speaker 1: Native Americans, the Office of Indian Affairs and the Department 163 00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:02,320 Speaker 1: of War spawned through the Newton Jenny Expedition into the 164 00:09:02,320 --> 00:09:05,920 Speaker 1: Black Hills. This eighteen seventy five expedition was meant to 165 00:09:05,960 --> 00:09:09,160 Speaker 1: survey the area and to evaluate the reports of mineral 166 00:09:09,200 --> 00:09:13,720 Speaker 1: deposits that were there. This expedition departed on May seventy five, 167 00:09:14,160 --> 00:09:18,040 Speaker 1: and Calamity Jane tagged along. This is where real written 168 00:09:18,080 --> 00:09:21,560 Speaker 1: documentation of Calamity Jane's life, rather than just things gleaned 169 00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:25,920 Speaker 1: mostly from census records and interviews conducted much later, really 170 00:09:25,960 --> 00:09:30,400 Speaker 1: get started. Three different writers chronicling the expedition not only 171 00:09:30,440 --> 00:09:33,440 Speaker 1: talked about Calamity Jane but also called her by that name, 172 00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:37,080 Speaker 1: so it's clear that Martha became known as Calamity either 173 00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:40,319 Speaker 1: before or very early in the process of this expedition. 174 00:09:41,080 --> 00:09:44,040 Speaker 1: She became so consistently known as Calamity that it wasn't 175 00:09:44,120 --> 00:09:47,840 Speaker 1: until later historians pieced her story together that people actually 176 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:50,920 Speaker 1: figured out that she had once been called Martha. Calamity 177 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:54,240 Speaker 1: seems to have joined this expedition in disguise. After asking 178 00:09:54,280 --> 00:09:57,200 Speaker 1: both Colonel Dodge, who was commanding it, and the doctor 179 00:09:57,320 --> 00:09:59,840 Speaker 1: who was going to be in charge of medical services 180 00:09:59,840 --> 00:10:02,600 Speaker 1: for the expedition, if she could come along, both of 181 00:10:02,640 --> 00:10:07,000 Speaker 1: them told her no, so she disguised herself as a soldier. Unfortunately, 182 00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:10,640 Speaker 1: this disguise is reportedly what got her discovered. She saluted 183 00:10:10,640 --> 00:10:13,679 Speaker 1: an officer who returned her salute, and the soldiers who 184 00:10:13,679 --> 00:10:16,360 Speaker 1: were standing around and knew what was up started laughing 185 00:10:16,400 --> 00:10:19,520 Speaker 1: about it. When they were made to explain themselves, the 186 00:10:19,640 --> 00:10:23,200 Speaker 1: officer was quite angry and threw her out of the expedition, 187 00:10:24,200 --> 00:10:26,760 Speaker 1: but at this point they were more than sixty miles 188 00:10:26,800 --> 00:10:30,560 Speaker 1: away from the fort. Calamity Jane was certainly resourceful. She 189 00:10:30,640 --> 00:10:32,920 Speaker 1: was now nineteen years old, and she had been essentially 190 00:10:32,920 --> 00:10:35,640 Speaker 1: living on her own since she was eleven, but this 191 00:10:35,760 --> 00:10:38,360 Speaker 1: wasn't something she could easily survive on her own. She 192 00:10:38,480 --> 00:10:42,200 Speaker 1: was in understandably hostile territory. The written accounts of the 193 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:45,199 Speaker 1: expedition do very a little on exactly what Jane did 194 00:10:45,240 --> 00:10:48,200 Speaker 1: at this point, whether she kept sneaking back in dressed 195 00:10:48,240 --> 00:10:50,320 Speaker 1: as a soldier and falling in with men who were 196 00:10:50,360 --> 00:10:53,280 Speaker 1: sympathetic to her, or whether she rode along with the 197 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:56,400 Speaker 1: teamsters instead of instead of with the soldiers, or some 198 00:10:56,520 --> 00:11:00,320 Speaker 1: of both. Either way, the expedition doctor described her as 199 00:11:00,440 --> 00:11:04,960 Speaker 1: quote crazy for adventure. It's not entirely clear whether Calamity 200 00:11:05,080 --> 00:11:09,360 Speaker 1: stayed with the expedition throughout its entirety, but afterward the 201 00:11:09,440 --> 00:11:11,679 Speaker 1: U S ordered that all Native peoples in the area 202 00:11:11,840 --> 00:11:14,200 Speaker 1: in and around the Black Hills needed to move to 203 00:11:14,280 --> 00:11:19,040 Speaker 1: a reservation or be considered hostiles. Many refused, and the 204 00:11:19,120 --> 00:11:22,240 Speaker 1: army began sending troops to round people up and move 205 00:11:22,320 --> 00:11:25,880 Speaker 1: them by force. General George Crook commanded one of the 206 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:28,760 Speaker 1: units being assigned this task, and on March one of 207 00:11:28,840 --> 00:11:32,240 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy six, he departed Fort Fetterman, which was about 208 00:11:32,280 --> 00:11:36,160 Speaker 1: eighty miles northwest of Fort Laramie. His force included nearly 209 00:11:36,240 --> 00:11:41,600 Speaker 1: nine hundred men and Calamity Jane. Calamity Jane's own account 210 00:11:41,600 --> 00:11:45,439 Speaker 1: of this expedition is highly highly embellished, and in all 211 00:11:45,520 --> 00:11:49,520 Speaker 1: likelihoods she came along as either a teamster, or a prostitute, 212 00:11:49,880 --> 00:11:54,640 Speaker 1: or just a camp follower. However, this expedition went terribly. 213 00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:57,480 Speaker 1: The weather was awful the whole time, and they had 214 00:11:57,480 --> 00:12:00,400 Speaker 1: an encounter with the Cheyenne. Went so bad badly that 215 00:12:00,480 --> 00:12:03,839 Speaker 1: Krook wound up filing charges against one of his officers 216 00:12:03,880 --> 00:12:08,320 Speaker 1: once it was all over. Reports placed Calamity all over 217 00:12:08,400 --> 00:12:12,600 Speaker 1: the general area following the failed expedition, often driving teams 218 00:12:12,600 --> 00:12:15,560 Speaker 1: of animals and dressed in clothing more associated with men. 219 00:12:16,400 --> 00:12:19,680 Speaker 1: People described her as tough and brave, and she developed 220 00:12:19,720 --> 00:12:22,880 Speaker 1: a reputation for being an excellent shot. In May of 221 00:12:22,960 --> 00:12:26,079 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy six, Calamity, having given a false name in 222 00:12:26,120 --> 00:12:29,840 Speaker 1: the matter, was invited at Laramie County for stealing a 223 00:12:29,840 --> 00:12:33,160 Speaker 1: bundle of clothing and other personal items. She was temporarily 224 00:12:33,160 --> 00:12:37,000 Speaker 1: put in jail before being declared not guilty and freed. Reportedly, 225 00:12:37,160 --> 00:12:40,280 Speaker 1: she celebrated her freedom by riding a horse all the 226 00:12:40,280 --> 00:12:43,200 Speaker 1: way to Fort Laramie, which was ninety miles past her 227 00:12:43,240 --> 00:12:47,280 Speaker 1: and intended destination of Fort Russell. Drinking heavily. The entire 228 00:12:47,320 --> 00:12:51,360 Speaker 1: way you might explain the Whoopsie Daisy and where she 229 00:12:51,480 --> 00:12:55,280 Speaker 1: landed right The next month, she joined up with General 230 00:12:55,320 --> 00:12:57,720 Speaker 1: Crook again on another mission to try to round up 231 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:01,520 Speaker 1: sue resistance, this time falling in with them after their departure, 232 00:13:01,920 --> 00:13:04,559 Speaker 1: dressed as a man and working as a teamster. When 233 00:13:04,640 --> 00:13:07,480 Speaker 1: she was discovered, she was arrested. She was a given 234 00:13:07,520 --> 00:13:09,720 Speaker 1: woman's clothing to wear and kept the guard until they 235 00:13:09,760 --> 00:13:12,960 Speaker 1: were back in town. Her own version of this story 236 00:13:13,120 --> 00:13:15,160 Speaker 1: is that she was a scout for General Crook, but 237 00:13:15,240 --> 00:13:19,560 Speaker 1: that can't be substantiated, and after her death, Captain Jack Crawford, 238 00:13:19,559 --> 00:13:22,000 Speaker 1: who was also part of the mission, flatly dismissed it. 239 00:13:22,400 --> 00:13:25,240 Speaker 1: This next phase of Calamity Jane's life is by far 240 00:13:25,480 --> 00:13:29,440 Speaker 1: the most famous and notorious. In June of eighteen seventy six, 241 00:13:29,520 --> 00:13:32,320 Speaker 1: she met up with James Butler Hiccock, also known as 242 00:13:32,400 --> 00:13:36,319 Speaker 1: Wild Bill, and Charles Utter known as Colorado Charlie. They 243 00:13:36,320 --> 00:13:39,040 Speaker 1: were on their way from Cheyenne to Deadwood. They made 244 00:13:39,040 --> 00:13:41,760 Speaker 1: a number of stops, including outside of Fort Laramie. We 245 00:13:41,800 --> 00:13:44,720 Speaker 1: are about thirty wagons and roughly a hundred people were 246 00:13:44,720 --> 00:13:48,959 Speaker 1: waiting to join them. Calamity Jane joined as well after 247 00:13:49,000 --> 00:13:51,319 Speaker 1: the officer of the day at Fort Laramie asked him 248 00:13:51,360 --> 00:13:54,240 Speaker 1: to please take her off his hands. She was being 249 00:13:54,280 --> 00:13:58,120 Speaker 1: detained there and she was quite drunk. Fortunately, Steve Utter, 250 00:13:58,200 --> 00:14:01,400 Speaker 1: brother to Colorado Charlie new Calamity, and he said that 251 00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:03,680 Speaker 1: he would take care of her. She's been a lot 252 00:14:03,720 --> 00:14:06,520 Speaker 1: of this journey, drinking and entertaining the travelers with really 253 00:14:06,559 --> 00:14:09,839 Speaker 1: tall tales about her exploits around the campfire. These were 254 00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:13,920 Speaker 1: peppered with lots of profanity. They finally arrived in Deadwood 255 00:14:13,920 --> 00:14:17,880 Speaker 1: around July twelfth, and they paraded into town with wild 256 00:14:17,920 --> 00:14:21,720 Speaker 1: Bill Colorado, Charlie, Calamity, and the others closest to them 257 00:14:21,720 --> 00:14:25,320 Speaker 1: so their little click all wearing new buckskin clothes just 258 00:14:25,480 --> 00:14:28,760 Speaker 1: covered in fringe. Calamity had actually borrowed the money to 259 00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:31,080 Speaker 1: buy hers because she didn't have any money of her own. 260 00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:34,560 Speaker 1: A day later, the Black Hills Pioneer, which was one 261 00:14:34,600 --> 00:14:37,160 Speaker 1: of the two newspapers that had been launched in Deadwood, 262 00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:42,600 Speaker 1: proclaimed Calamity Jane has arrived. Like many of the other 263 00:14:42,680 --> 00:14:47,120 Speaker 1: places Calamity had lived previously, Deadwood was a boomtown whose 264 00:14:47,160 --> 00:14:50,520 Speaker 1: population was surging as the result of a gold rush. 265 00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:53,200 Speaker 1: When wild Bill's party arrived, it was still mostly a 266 00:14:53,240 --> 00:14:56,600 Speaker 1: collection of tents, with only a few solid buildings constructed. 267 00:14:56,600 --> 00:15:00,720 Speaker 1: At this point, it was also wild and virtue Lee lawless. 268 00:15:01,240 --> 00:15:04,680 Speaker 1: Saloons and theaters provided much of the town's entertainment, and 269 00:15:04,760 --> 00:15:07,880 Speaker 1: Calamity found work as a hostess and dancer. She soon 270 00:15:07,960 --> 00:15:11,240 Speaker 1: repaid the money that she had borrowed to purchase her buckskins. 271 00:15:11,240 --> 00:15:14,920 Speaker 1: She also, contrary to the pictures that are almost invariably 272 00:15:15,080 --> 00:15:19,280 Speaker 1: used to represent her, often dressed in more typical feminine clothing. 273 00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:22,440 Speaker 1: There are more than twenty photos of Calamity Jane that 274 00:15:22,520 --> 00:15:26,040 Speaker 1: still exists, and she's wearing clothing more typical for a man, 275 00:15:26,080 --> 00:15:28,520 Speaker 1: and only six of them. But those six are the 276 00:15:28,520 --> 00:15:31,640 Speaker 1: ones that are most widely used and most widely available, 277 00:15:31,840 --> 00:15:34,960 Speaker 1: so they are almost always the ones that wind up 278 00:15:34,960 --> 00:15:37,200 Speaker 1: in articles and on covers of books and things like that. 279 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:40,960 Speaker 1: But they will also be on our website because I 280 00:15:40,960 --> 00:15:45,200 Speaker 1: can only find one of her in address. While they 281 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:49,520 Speaker 1: are quite striking, Yeah, she she cuts a dashing figure. 282 00:15:49,640 --> 00:15:53,000 Speaker 1: She just you can feel attitude coming off her in 283 00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:56,960 Speaker 1: those pictures. I love it. Although wild Bill and Calamity 284 00:15:57,040 --> 00:16:00,280 Speaker 1: Jane are often presented in novels and movies as a couple. 285 00:16:00,640 --> 00:16:04,880 Speaker 1: There's really nothing to substantiate that. Calamity herself never claimed 286 00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:07,440 Speaker 1: that they were romantically involved, and most of the other 287 00:16:07,480 --> 00:16:10,840 Speaker 1: accounts of Deadwood agreed that they weren't seen together very often. 288 00:16:11,640 --> 00:16:14,320 Speaker 1: When wild Bill was murdered on August two of eighteen 289 00:16:14,360 --> 00:16:16,640 Speaker 1: seventy six, they had been in Deadwood for less than 290 00:16:16,680 --> 00:16:19,280 Speaker 1: a month, and they've known one another for only about 291 00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:23,160 Speaker 1: six weeks. Calamities stayed in Deadwood for two or three years, 292 00:16:23,200 --> 00:16:25,840 Speaker 1: finding steady work in Deadwood's dance halls, where she did 293 00:16:25,880 --> 00:16:28,920 Speaker 1: lots of dancing and lots of drinking and really stood 294 00:16:28,960 --> 00:16:31,560 Speaker 1: up for herself in an environment that could frankly be 295 00:16:31,680 --> 00:16:34,920 Speaker 1: very dangerous for the women who were working there. One 296 00:16:34,960 --> 00:16:38,240 Speaker 1: of these places was the notorious den of iniquity, the 297 00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:41,720 Speaker 1: Gem Variety Theater, managed by Al swear Engine, who we 298 00:16:41,840 --> 00:16:45,520 Speaker 1: discussed in a previous two parter. She worked as a dancer, 299 00:16:45,600 --> 00:16:48,800 Speaker 1: a hostess, and a recruiter, traveling to other towns to 300 00:16:48,840 --> 00:16:51,720 Speaker 1: bring prostitutes back to the gym. I tried to find 301 00:16:51,720 --> 00:16:54,640 Speaker 1: out more information about whether that recruitment was really on 302 00:16:54,680 --> 00:16:57,840 Speaker 1: the up and up, and I could not. Yeah, we 303 00:16:57,880 --> 00:17:00,280 Speaker 1: talked about some of al swear Engine's practic. This is 304 00:17:00,320 --> 00:17:02,680 Speaker 1: where he would go and like make promises of like no, 305 00:17:02,800 --> 00:17:04,680 Speaker 1: you're gonna be a dancer and a star, and then 306 00:17:04,680 --> 00:17:06,160 Speaker 1: they would get back and it was kind of like 307 00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:11,080 Speaker 1: prostitution enslavement. But we we didn't connect whether or not 308 00:17:11,160 --> 00:17:14,800 Speaker 1: Jane was on those particular recruitment missions or right. I 309 00:17:14,960 --> 00:17:17,679 Speaker 1: really wanted to. It's one of those things that I 310 00:17:17,680 --> 00:17:19,560 Speaker 1: really wanted to resolve for my own peace of mind, 311 00:17:19,560 --> 00:17:24,600 Speaker 1: and I could not. Although she's most famous for rowdy 312 00:17:24,640 --> 00:17:28,359 Speaker 1: body tough behavior, Calamity Jane also worked as a nurse 313 00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:30,960 Speaker 1: in Deadwood and some of the other places where she lived. 314 00:17:31,480 --> 00:17:33,800 Speaker 1: She gained a reputation for having a good heart and 315 00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:36,480 Speaker 1: for always being willing to help somebody who was sick 316 00:17:36,640 --> 00:17:40,199 Speaker 1: or hurt. This included during a smallpox outbreak in eighteen 317 00:17:40,240 --> 00:17:42,080 Speaker 1: seventy eight, when she worked at a pest house that 318 00:17:42,080 --> 00:17:44,520 Speaker 1: had been set up to quarantine the sick. She looked 319 00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:46,720 Speaker 1: after patients who were so sick that nobody else would 320 00:17:46,720 --> 00:17:50,880 Speaker 1: give near them. In the late eighteen seventies, Calamity Jane 321 00:17:50,920 --> 00:17:53,679 Speaker 1: became famous beyond just the area of the Black Hills. 322 00:17:54,520 --> 00:17:58,080 Speaker 1: Local newspapers had been covering her exploits for quite some time, 323 00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:01,280 Speaker 1: but people began writing by all Graphy's about her while 324 00:18:01,320 --> 00:18:03,760 Speaker 1: she was still living, and she became a character in 325 00:18:03,880 --> 00:18:07,960 Speaker 1: dozens of dime novels. One such series were the Deadwood 326 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:10,359 Speaker 1: Dick books, one of which is called Deadwood Dick on 327 00:18:10,480 --> 00:18:14,879 Speaker 1: Deck or Calamity Jane, the heroine of Whoop Up. I 328 00:18:14,960 --> 00:18:22,600 Speaker 1: love that title. Uh, there are there are dozens is 329 00:18:22,640 --> 00:18:24,960 Speaker 1: not an exaggeration. She has a character in dozens and 330 00:18:25,040 --> 00:18:27,440 Speaker 1: dozens of cheap novels that came around. He came out 331 00:18:27,480 --> 00:18:29,120 Speaker 1: around this point, and so a lot of people became 332 00:18:29,160 --> 00:18:33,840 Speaker 1: more familiar with her as this fictional sidekick wild West 333 00:18:34,680 --> 00:18:37,440 Speaker 1: like quote cowboys and Indians kind of character than the 334 00:18:37,560 --> 00:18:41,520 Speaker 1: actual person. Right, Her caricature kind of superseded the reality 335 00:18:41,560 --> 00:18:43,920 Speaker 1: of her life. Yeah. She left Deadwood in the early 336 00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:47,000 Speaker 1: eighteen eighties, and she continued to travel and explore, following 337 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:49,560 Speaker 1: the railroad to different parts of the front here and 338 00:18:49,680 --> 00:18:52,760 Speaker 1: moving from one gold strike or other mineral rush to another, 339 00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:55,720 Speaker 1: and in eighteen eighty four she started performing with wild 340 00:18:55,760 --> 00:18:59,359 Speaker 1: West shows. She had at least one child, a daughter 341 00:18:59,440 --> 00:19:03,080 Speaker 1: named Jess, and was later married to Jesse's likely father, 342 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:06,960 Speaker 1: Bill Steers, in eighty five. It is possible that she 343 00:19:07,040 --> 00:19:10,000 Speaker 1: had other children, and she also described other men as 344 00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:13,080 Speaker 1: her husband, but the marriage to Bill Steers is really 345 00:19:13,080 --> 00:19:16,119 Speaker 1: the only one that's documented. Her life seems to have 346 00:19:16,160 --> 00:19:19,239 Speaker 1: really gone downhill after the disappearance of her husband and 347 00:19:19,280 --> 00:19:21,280 Speaker 1: the death of her sister, both of which happened in 348 00:19:22,600 --> 00:19:25,240 Speaker 1: She continued on in the same pattern as before. She 349 00:19:25,400 --> 00:19:28,160 Speaker 1: was still traveling and drinking and finding work where she could, 350 00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:31,480 Speaker 1: but it all became just a whole lot darker and 351 00:19:31,640 --> 00:19:36,680 Speaker 1: less apparently fun. She it's not really clear where her 352 00:19:36,760 --> 00:19:39,120 Speaker 1: daughter was during a lot of this time, and her 353 00:19:39,160 --> 00:19:42,000 Speaker 1: excessive drinking was really starting to take a toll on 354 00:19:42,080 --> 00:19:44,400 Speaker 1: her health and just her ability to take care of herself. 355 00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:50,280 Speaker 1: Following the panic of eightee Calamity, Jane apparently helped Guarden 356 00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:53,000 Speaker 1: engine that miners were trying to commandeers so they could 357 00:19:53,080 --> 00:19:56,119 Speaker 1: join the Coxey's Army protest march to Washington, d C. 358 00:19:57,040 --> 00:19:59,520 Speaker 1: A picture of this is one of the surviving photos 359 00:19:59,520 --> 00:20:02,199 Speaker 1: of her. This was a protest march where out of 360 00:20:02,240 --> 00:20:05,879 Speaker 1: work laborers from all over the West and Midwest, like 361 00:20:05,960 --> 00:20:10,520 Speaker 1: thousands of them, marched on Washington to protest. In October 362 00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:13,800 Speaker 1: of eight, she briefly went back to Dedwood with her daughter, 363 00:20:13,840 --> 00:20:16,600 Speaker 1: Anne Clinton Burke, who she was describing as her husband. 364 00:20:17,200 --> 00:20:19,680 Speaker 1: The following year, she went on tour as a performer 365 00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:22,800 Speaker 1: with a traveling museum, and it was for this tour 366 00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:26,240 Speaker 1: to kind of promote her and promote the tour, that 367 00:20:26,320 --> 00:20:29,199 Speaker 1: her autobiography was ghost written, which is why it is 368 00:20:29,240 --> 00:20:34,760 Speaker 1: so heavily embellished and sometimes flatly fictional. Once this tour 369 00:20:34,960 --> 00:20:37,760 Speaker 1: was over, she kept traveling, trying to make a living 370 00:20:37,800 --> 00:20:41,520 Speaker 1: through appearances and autographs, but her health really started to 371 00:20:41,560 --> 00:20:44,439 Speaker 1: suffer as a result of a life of alcoholism. For 372 00:20:44,480 --> 00:20:46,800 Speaker 1: a little while, she traveled East and she appeared at 373 00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:49,720 Speaker 1: the Pan American Exposition in New York in July and 374 00:20:49,760 --> 00:20:53,840 Speaker 1: August of nineteen o one. Afterwards, she joined the Cummins 375 00:20:53,960 --> 00:20:57,320 Speaker 1: Indian Congress. This was another traveling show that was modeled 376 00:20:57,359 --> 00:21:01,360 Speaker 1: after Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, but it whereas Buffalo 377 00:21:01,400 --> 00:21:03,920 Speaker 1: Bill's show was focused kind of on the quote cowboy 378 00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:07,159 Speaker 1: end of things, uh the commons, any in Congress was 379 00:21:07,200 --> 00:21:10,760 Speaker 1: more focused on various Native American tribes calamities. Role was 380 00:21:10,800 --> 00:21:14,600 Speaker 1: kind of an Old West character. Before long, she wanted 381 00:21:14,640 --> 00:21:17,680 Speaker 1: to go west again, so she borrowed money from Buffalo 382 00:21:17,720 --> 00:21:20,440 Speaker 1: Bill Cody, who she knew from briefly performing in his show, 383 00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:23,280 Speaker 1: for her tickets, and she wound up in South Dakota, 384 00:21:23,320 --> 00:21:25,600 Speaker 1: where she stayed through the winter of nineteen o two, 385 00:21:26,119 --> 00:21:29,280 Speaker 1: and then she resumed traveling in failing health, making her 386 00:21:29,320 --> 00:21:32,119 Speaker 1: way back to the Black Hills and again to Deadwood. 387 00:21:32,560 --> 00:21:35,080 Speaker 1: In July of nineteen o three, she became ill and 388 00:21:35,160 --> 00:21:38,200 Speaker 1: she refused to see a doctor. When a friend finally 389 00:21:38,200 --> 00:21:41,639 Speaker 1: called a doctor for her, she refused his care. She 390 00:21:41,720 --> 00:21:44,199 Speaker 1: started to tell people that she was dying, and she 391 00:21:44,280 --> 00:21:47,399 Speaker 1: did die on August first, nineteen oh three. She was 392 00:21:47,480 --> 00:21:50,400 Speaker 1: buried next to wild Bill Hiccock. It's a little unclear 393 00:21:50,560 --> 00:21:53,720 Speaker 1: whether that was what she asked for or whether part 394 00:21:53,840 --> 00:21:57,000 Speaker 1: people thought that would make a good tourist attraction. The 395 00:21:57,119 --> 00:22:00,960 Speaker 1: name on the gravestone is Mrs M. E. Burke Calamity Jane. 396 00:22:01,720 --> 00:22:04,640 Speaker 1: And if you're wondering what happened with the Black Hills, 397 00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:08,439 Speaker 1: fighting between the Army and the Sioux and their allies continued, 398 00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:10,840 Speaker 1: including the Battle of Little Big Horn in June of 399 00:22:10,880 --> 00:22:14,040 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy six, which was the site of Custer's last 400 00:22:14,080 --> 00:22:17,720 Speaker 1: stand in eighteen seventy seven, the US government reclaimed the 401 00:22:17,720 --> 00:22:21,119 Speaker 1: Black Hills land previously set aside for the Sioux. This 402 00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:23,840 Speaker 1: eventually made it to the Supreme Court in the United 403 00:22:23,840 --> 00:22:27,119 Speaker 1: States versus Sioux Nation of Indians. In an eight to 404 00:22:27,240 --> 00:22:30,320 Speaker 1: one decision, the court upheld a previous Court of Claims 405 00:22:30,320 --> 00:22:33,600 Speaker 1: decision that the Sioux were entitled to seventeen point one 406 00:22:33,680 --> 00:22:37,639 Speaker 1: million dollars, which the Sioux actually refused, wanting instead to 407 00:22:37,680 --> 00:22:40,760 Speaker 1: have the Black Hills as they had been promised. Debate 408 00:22:40,840 --> 00:22:43,920 Speaker 1: over this whole thing continues, with the United Nations Human 409 00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:48,000 Speaker 1: Rights Investigator recommending the return of various Native American lands, 410 00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:53,040 Speaker 1: including the Black Hills. It's kind of a I wanted 411 00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:55,440 Speaker 1: to make sure to include that, since we only included 412 00:22:55,440 --> 00:22:57,720 Speaker 1: a portion of this Black Hills story, and it seemed 413 00:22:57,800 --> 00:23:00,200 Speaker 1: like at the end of the episode was probably where 414 00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:02,720 Speaker 1: it would fit the best. It makes sense to me. 415 00:23:03,240 --> 00:23:05,359 Speaker 1: Do you have a bit of listener mail from I do? 416 00:23:05,640 --> 00:23:07,840 Speaker 1: I'm going to start, though, with a very brief correction 417 00:23:09,040 --> 00:23:13,440 Speaker 1: after I find my listener mail. In our recent episode 418 00:23:13,440 --> 00:23:17,200 Speaker 1: about the child migrant program in Great Britain, we missidentified 419 00:23:17,280 --> 00:23:19,560 Speaker 1: Kevin Rudd as the Premier of Australia. When he was 420 00:23:19,600 --> 00:23:22,119 Speaker 1: really the Prime Minister. I would like to thank the 421 00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:24,879 Speaker 1: Guardian for having that wrong in the article that I 422 00:23:24,920 --> 00:23:27,639 Speaker 1: was using as a source, which is a source that 423 00:23:27,680 --> 00:23:29,560 Speaker 1: I thought would know what it was talking about in 424 00:23:29,640 --> 00:23:35,239 Speaker 1: terms of like leaders of of countries. I don't know. 425 00:23:36,200 --> 00:23:38,600 Speaker 1: You know, everybody has a day when I use the 426 00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:42,360 Speaker 1: wrong word well, and that's I started clicking on things 427 00:23:42,440 --> 00:23:44,879 Speaker 1: to be like, did they have it wrong everywhere? And no. 428 00:23:45,119 --> 00:23:48,439 Speaker 1: Literally the next sentence after the one that I was 429 00:23:48,480 --> 00:23:50,280 Speaker 1: in the article that I used as a source links 430 00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:52,480 Speaker 1: to another article on the Guardian where it's right, So 431 00:23:52,640 --> 00:23:57,720 Speaker 1: clearly some people there know what's true. I have an 432 00:23:57,760 --> 00:24:01,159 Speaker 1: email from Jess and it answers a question that you 433 00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:03,520 Speaker 1: and I had talked about in our episode on Dr 434 00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:07,760 Speaker 1: Virginia Apgar about why doctors were so focused on the 435 00:24:07,840 --> 00:24:11,520 Speaker 1: mother's and not on the babies before Virginia Apgar made 436 00:24:11,560 --> 00:24:13,199 Speaker 1: it clear to everybody that they needed to look at 437 00:24:13,200 --> 00:24:16,600 Speaker 1: the babies. I'm waiting for you to say it because 438 00:24:16,600 --> 00:24:20,440 Speaker 1: you love that phrase so much. Just look at the baby, 439 00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:24,080 Speaker 1: just says high ladies. In your recent podcast on Virginia Apgar, 440 00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:26,960 Speaker 1: you wonder about the focus on maternal health over infant 441 00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:30,840 Speaker 1: health in early twentieth century medicine. Edward Shorter talks about 442 00:24:30,880 --> 00:24:34,199 Speaker 1: this historically shifting focus in his book A History of 443 00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:37,840 Speaker 1: Women's Bodies. He points to the significant danger of child 444 00:24:37,840 --> 00:24:40,640 Speaker 1: bearing for mothers who were already past the treacherous years 445 00:24:40,640 --> 00:24:44,720 Speaker 1: of childhood mortality and therefore likelier to survive generally, as 446 00:24:44,760 --> 00:24:48,240 Speaker 1: the reason for the maternal bias in early medicine. He 447 00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:52,680 Speaker 1: also suggests, however, a shifting focus toward feel outcome has 448 00:24:52,720 --> 00:24:56,640 Speaker 1: been taking place recently, sometimes to the detriment of mothers. 449 00:24:57,040 --> 00:25:00,080 Speaker 1: As with all when women's medicine, the social attitudes of 450 00:25:00,119 --> 00:25:03,399 Speaker 1: time often combined with knowledge to form best practice that 451 00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:06,119 Speaker 1: it can be difficult to reckon the choices of others, 452 00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:09,480 Speaker 1: even in the not distant past. Thanks for all you do, 453 00:25:09,880 --> 00:25:12,800 Speaker 1: and thanks for all the medical topics, the lgbt Q history, 454 00:25:12,840 --> 00:25:15,920 Speaker 1: and the stuff relating to disabilities death. President Now is 455 00:25:15,960 --> 00:25:21,120 Speaker 1: my all time babe episode. Cheers, Jess, Thank you, Jess. Indeed, 456 00:25:21,320 --> 00:25:25,320 Speaker 1: I had we sort of thought probably things along those 457 00:25:25,320 --> 00:25:27,520 Speaker 1: lines where we're why there was such a focus on 458 00:25:27,560 --> 00:25:30,240 Speaker 1: the on the mother's I did not really think about 459 00:25:30,640 --> 00:25:34,840 Speaker 1: the progressive shift to the outcome for babies that I 460 00:25:34,840 --> 00:25:37,520 Speaker 1: think we have definitely seen it even in our lifetimes, 461 00:25:37,920 --> 00:25:41,080 Speaker 1: more and more focus on on baby's health and even 462 00:25:41,119 --> 00:25:46,719 Speaker 1: fetal health rather than mother's health. Yes, yes, so if 463 00:25:46,760 --> 00:25:48,600 Speaker 1: you would like to write to us about this or 464 00:25:48,600 --> 00:25:51,440 Speaker 1: any other podcast, we are at history podcast that how 465 00:25:51,480 --> 00:25:54,840 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. We're also on Facebook at facebook 466 00:25:54,880 --> 00:25:57,080 Speaker 1: dot com slash ms in History and on Twitter at 467 00:25:57,119 --> 00:26:00,280 Speaker 1: mr Industry. Are tumbler is Mr History dot tumblers com, 468 00:26:00,440 --> 00:26:03,280 Speaker 1: Ron interest at pittest dot com slash miss in History. 469 00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:06,400 Speaker 1: Got a spreadshirt store at miss and history dot spreadshirt 470 00:26:06,400 --> 00:26:08,840 Speaker 1: dot com where you can get these shirts and iphonecases 471 00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:11,280 Speaker 1: and stuff like that. If you would like to learn 472 00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:13,360 Speaker 1: more about what we have talked about the day, come 473 00:26:13,400 --> 00:26:16,360 Speaker 1: to our parent companies website That's how Stuff Works dot com. 474 00:26:16,480 --> 00:26:19,159 Speaker 1: Put the words Calamity Jane in the search bar. You 475 00:26:19,200 --> 00:26:21,960 Speaker 1: will find two different things that are very contrary to 476 00:26:21,960 --> 00:26:24,919 Speaker 1: one another. One is ten most Famous Nurses in History. 477 00:26:25,640 --> 00:26:28,440 Speaker 1: The other is twelve renowned Women of the wild West. 478 00:26:29,280 --> 00:26:31,800 Speaker 1: You can do that at help work dot com, or 479 00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:33,520 Speaker 1: you can come to miss in history dot com, which 480 00:26:33,560 --> 00:26:35,960 Speaker 1: is our website. You will find show notes, which is 481 00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:38,840 Speaker 1: where we correct things like our thing about Kevin Rudd. 482 00:26:39,119 --> 00:26:42,879 Speaker 1: Ideally usually like the data episode came out also in 483 00:26:42,960 --> 00:26:45,080 Speaker 1: our five of all the episodes You've ever done. Lots 484 00:26:45,080 --> 00:26:46,600 Speaker 1: of cool stuff so you can do all that and 485 00:26:46,680 --> 00:26:49,159 Speaker 1: a lot more at how stuff works dot com or 486 00:26:49,200 --> 00:26:56,960 Speaker 1: missed in hisstory dot com. For more on this and 487 00:26:57,040 --> 00:26:59,600 Speaker 1: thousands of other topics. Is that how stuff works dot 488 00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:03,679 Speaker 1: com po In ten nin