WEBVTT - Meet Your Bacterial Masters 0:00:03.800 --> 0:00:06.680 Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how stuff 0:00:06.680 --> 0:00:13.960 Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 0:00:14.000 --> 0:00:16.639 My name is Robert lamp and I'm Julie Douglas, and 0:00:16.640 --> 0:00:18.680 we're gonna kick right in on a topic we've talked 0:00:18.680 --> 0:00:23.240 about before, about the microbial legions that live inside us, 0:00:23.520 --> 0:00:30.240 about our growing revelation that it's not just us versus bacteria. 0:00:30.280 --> 0:00:32.879 It's us and bacteria it's not and and then you 0:00:32.920 --> 0:00:35.559 even get into this weird area where it's really hard 0:00:35.600 --> 0:00:39.600 to define what us really is. Yeah. Actually, there have 0:00:39.640 --> 0:00:42.960 been a bunch of articles that have come out to 0:00:43.000 --> 0:00:45.599 talk about this idea, and we've we've discussed this as well. 0:00:45.680 --> 0:00:49.839 We've talked about more specifics. Yeah, we discussed this in 0:00:49.880 --> 0:00:53.120 the the kids, Uh, Stuff to blow your kid's mind. Boy, 0:00:53.159 --> 0:00:57.480 it's early. I can't remembering the things that we did. 0:00:57.960 --> 0:01:00.200 We we talked about bacteria all the time, is what 0:01:00.240 --> 0:01:04.080 you're saying, but more specific to um, you know, perhaps 0:01:04.200 --> 0:01:08.279 diseases or the gut and how it affects our moods. Um. 0:01:08.319 --> 0:01:10.000 But yeah, there's been a bunch of data that has 0:01:10.040 --> 0:01:12.440 come out, UM. And this is out of something called 0:01:12.440 --> 0:01:15.680 the Human Microbiome Project, which is very similar to the 0:01:15.760 --> 0:01:18.080 Human Genome project, and we're gonna talk a little bit 0:01:18.160 --> 0:01:21.319 more about that. But there's this idea that bacteria just 0:01:21.480 --> 0:01:24.240 isn't getting the respect that it deserves, that that it 0:01:24.360 --> 0:01:31.320 is more like a micro um biome organ like we 0:01:31.360 --> 0:01:33.480 should look at this as an organ in our body, 0:01:33.520 --> 0:01:37.120 This this team um of bacteria that lives within us, 0:01:37.160 --> 0:01:39.839 as opposed to like, oh yeah, we've got some bacteria 0:01:39.840 --> 0:01:42.240 on us. It's it's witching a ride. And then and 0:01:42.680 --> 0:01:45.360 so far studies have have more or less fallen in 0:01:45.440 --> 0:01:49.240 line with that line of thinking because like previously, we 0:01:49.320 --> 0:01:51.240 just we didn't give it bacteria much thought, and then 0:01:51.280 --> 0:01:54.080 we thought, oh, bacterious the enemy. And then we started 0:01:54.080 --> 0:01:56.360 looking a little closer at saying, well, let's look at 0:01:56.640 --> 0:02:01.040 at fecal bacteria and uh, and in with the hope 0:02:01.080 --> 0:02:06.000 of understand better understanding various intestinal situations, let's look at 0:02:06.440 --> 0:02:09.639 um that the mouth bacteria of a normal person. But there, 0:02:09.720 --> 0:02:12.800 but there hasn't been until now this, uh, this real 0:02:12.880 --> 0:02:16.520 effort to understand our micro geom as as a whole. 0:02:16.880 --> 0:02:20.800 It's to really understand the the micro's inside us. Like 0:02:20.880 --> 0:02:24.680 you say, as this this entity right that that is 0:02:25.000 --> 0:02:27.480 doing so much more than we ever could have imagined. 0:02:28.120 --> 0:02:30.600 But let's talk about it first as as the enemy, 0:02:30.680 --> 0:02:33.720 because this has really been our history with bacteria, at 0:02:33.760 --> 0:02:37.760 least in the modern world. Yeah. This, Um, we we 0:02:37.880 --> 0:02:40.280 get into this this area where all right, we recognize 0:02:40.280 --> 0:02:44.280 that bacteria can and does do destructive things to the 0:02:44.360 --> 0:02:47.600 human body, So we need a weapon to fight it, right, 0:02:48.000 --> 0:02:51.280 So we end up using this thing called trickle sand, 0:02:51.480 --> 0:02:54.320 which is pretty crazy, created more than forty years ago 0:02:54.600 --> 0:02:58.200 surgical scrub for hospitals, so heavy duty stuff, right, But 0:02:58.320 --> 0:03:00.520 then it shows up in a range of consumer products, 0:03:00.560 --> 0:03:03.480 everything from liquid soap to bars up to toothpaste to 0:03:03.760 --> 0:03:06.600 acne ointments, deodorant, mouthwatch, you name it pretty much any 0:03:07.160 --> 0:03:11.960 socksy what's doing in fox? Uh, it's it's everywhere, to 0:03:12.000 --> 0:03:14.560 the point to the point that the Center for Disease 0:03:14.600 --> 0:03:16.920 Control and Prevention found that the chemical is present in 0:03:16.960 --> 0:03:20.680 the urine of seventy of Americans over the age of five. 0:03:21.160 --> 0:03:24.160 So we're such as our obsession with cleanliness. Yeah, it's 0:03:24.160 --> 0:03:29.000 like we're fighting the war so enthusiastically that we do. 0:03:29.040 --> 0:03:33.240 We've just saturated our bodies with this, uh, with this substance. Yeah, 0:03:33.639 --> 0:03:36.080 and there have been a couple of studies that show 0:03:36.200 --> 0:03:40.640 that trick lesson may alter hormone regulation in lab animals 0:03:40.640 --> 0:03:43.839 at least or cause antibiotic resistance. And that's the big 0:03:43.840 --> 0:03:47.200 problem we have right because we've got superbugs emerging like 0:03:47.440 --> 0:03:53.640 uh Clostium cliffs Clostridium deficially, which is a superbug that 0:03:53.920 --> 0:03:56.520 is in hospitals and unfortunately a lot of people who 0:03:56.520 --> 0:03:59.880 go in for procedures sometimes to be confused with Chuck 0:04:00.000 --> 0:04:06.800 Australian which is UM. But that that's actually something that's 0:04:06.880 --> 0:04:11.800 extremely debilitating and um, people really suffer for years and 0:04:11.880 --> 0:04:13.800 years afterward. I mean, if if you happen to be 0:04:14.040 --> 0:04:17.480 very elderly or very young, there's possibility that you could 0:04:17.480 --> 0:04:20.680 die from it. And but just to bring in bacteria 0:04:20.720 --> 0:04:24.200 back into the fold here, um, I think if everybody 0:04:24.240 --> 0:04:28.040 remembers we talked about something called fecal transplants which actually 0:04:28.080 --> 0:04:31.760 are helping people we see diff um that they contracted 0:04:31.760 --> 0:04:35.760 in the hospital and replenishing their their bad or their 0:04:35.760 --> 0:04:39.160 worn out gut floora with really good bacteria. UM. So 0:04:39.200 --> 0:04:42.040 we've had clues along the way that bacteria isn't you know, 0:04:42.160 --> 0:04:44.760 And just a rehash on that every everyone has probably 0:04:44.760 --> 0:04:47.240 wanted at one point another. What is poop? Right? What 0:04:47.360 --> 0:04:49.640 is it? What is poop? And as it turns out 0:04:50.520 --> 0:04:53.680 that a lot of poop is is actually bacteria. It's 0:04:53.720 --> 0:04:56.560 not food or food waste particularly as much as it 0:04:56.640 --> 0:05:00.880 is bacteria. Yeah. So the idea here as you you 0:05:00.920 --> 0:05:05.600 end up with an imbalance in the bacterial uh population 0:05:05.880 --> 0:05:10.760 inside your intestines, and to to set things right, you 0:05:10.839 --> 0:05:14.640 get some get a nice healthy stool sample. Inject that 0:05:15.040 --> 0:05:19.719 into your system, uh, specifically into your intestines, not just anywhere, 0:05:19.960 --> 0:05:21.880 but don't try to at home on your own by 0:05:21.880 --> 0:05:24.560 the way, I have it professionally done. Um and only 0:05:24.600 --> 0:05:27.480 if if needed. Uh. But the ideas you get some 0:05:27.520 --> 0:05:31.479 healthy fecal matter in there to restore equilibrium with that 0:05:31.520 --> 0:05:34.840 bacterial population, right, because it turns out the gut is 0:05:34.880 --> 0:05:38.640 really stuffed with a ton of bacteria and adults actually 0:05:38.680 --> 0:05:42.680 carry two to five pounds of bacteria. Did you know that, 0:05:42.720 --> 0:05:44.560 Like your weight is made up of two to five 0:05:44.560 --> 0:05:46.840 pounds of bacteria. Like you can think of it in 0:05:46.960 --> 0:05:49.160 terms of like I think of in terms of, say 0:05:49.200 --> 0:05:53.520 the population in a in a wooded area. All right, um, oh, well, 0:05:53.520 --> 0:05:56.679 we don't like, we don't like coyotes. Coyotes are bad, 0:05:56.800 --> 0:05:58.760 so we wipe out a whole bunch of coyotes. Now 0:05:58.800 --> 0:06:01.840 there's nothing to eat the animal that the kind of 0:06:01.839 --> 0:06:04.400 these are a good example. Let's say wolves. Wolves are bad, 0:06:04.440 --> 0:06:06.520 They're gonna eat our livestock. Let's to wipe out the wolves, 0:06:06.520 --> 0:06:08.159 all right. Now what's gonna eat? Say the deer. Now 0:06:08.200 --> 0:06:10.760 they're deer everywhere, deer showing up in our yards and 0:06:10.839 --> 0:06:12.560 running into our cars. What are gonna do about the deer? 0:06:12.960 --> 0:06:15.240 That things get out of balance with these Uh, these 0:06:15.279 --> 0:06:21.080 carefully maintained and evolved environments. Uh, that contain multiple players, 0:06:21.400 --> 0:06:25.320 that's right, And and things began to behave differently. And uh, 0:06:25.680 --> 0:06:28.080 you can look at that sort of analogy within your 0:06:28.120 --> 0:06:31.320 own microbiome, right, because each of us, it turns out, 0:06:31.320 --> 0:06:33.280 and we'll talk a little bit more about these revelations 0:06:33.320 --> 0:06:36.479 that have come from this biome microbiome project, but each 0:06:36.520 --> 0:06:40.520 of us has our very own particular sort of set 0:06:40.560 --> 0:06:44.039 of bacteria. Yes, this this really blew my mind a 0:06:44.040 --> 0:06:45.919 bit because we've discussed in the past, how if you 0:06:45.960 --> 0:06:50.640 look at the the the micro environment of say a 0:06:51.200 --> 0:06:55.880 Japanese individual versus like especially a typical American individual, like 0:06:55.960 --> 0:07:00.280 a typical Japanese um individuals is eating a lot of seafood. 0:07:00.520 --> 0:07:03.280 They're having a lot of a lot of seaweed, and 0:07:03.360 --> 0:07:06.359 so they have this this environment inside of them that 0:07:06.520 --> 0:07:09.240 is the result of that, that is that is patterned 0:07:09.360 --> 0:07:12.360 to to roll with that. And then the average American 0:07:12.440 --> 0:07:16.840 of course is eating um, cheeseburgers, and it's a cheeseburger 0:07:17.680 --> 0:07:20.920 gut bacteria, right, and and so meant to break that 0:07:20.960 --> 0:07:23.960 down specifically. Yes, So we knew already that that if 0:07:24.000 --> 0:07:26.320 you put these two environments side by side, you were 0:07:26.320 --> 0:07:28.840 going to see some significant differences. But it turns out 0:07:28.880 --> 0:07:33.400 it's even more widespread than that. Everyone's um bacterial environment 0:07:33.560 --> 0:07:36.040 is like a snowflake or like a fingerprint. Each one 0:07:36.120 --> 0:07:39.280 is different. So yours is different from mine, and mine 0:07:39.360 --> 0:07:42.720 from from you listening, Which makes sense because everyone's everyone's 0:07:42.800 --> 0:07:45.000 personal history is a little bit different. Everyone's diet is 0:07:45.000 --> 0:07:47.080 a little bit different, Like even within households where two 0:07:47.120 --> 0:07:50.720 individuals share the same diet, they're gonna be other factors 0:07:50.760 --> 0:07:53.840 that askew things. Yeah, and just to let's do a 0:07:53.920 --> 0:07:57.600 quick review two of what beneficial bacteria is and how 0:07:57.640 --> 0:08:00.960 we really are outnumbered U. We're talking about one hundred 0:08:01.040 --> 0:08:06.520 trillion good bacteria that is dwelling within dwelling inside of us. 0:08:06.920 --> 0:08:13.480 And we are really just the rappers for the contents. Yeah, rappers. Yeah, 0:08:13.800 --> 0:08:16.880 and sometimes we are rappers, but uh, but really mean 0:08:17.040 --> 0:08:20.560 we're just the rappers for this content, bacterial content. Uh, 0:08:20.640 --> 0:08:23.440 you know, we are outnumbered our own cells that you know, 0:08:23.480 --> 0:08:26.240 we're born with ten to one when it comes to 0:08:26.280 --> 0:08:28.920 bacterial cells. Yeah, this, it was, it was crazy. I 0:08:28.920 --> 0:08:30.960 think it was the New York Times article we were 0:08:30.960 --> 0:08:33.400 looking at where they quoted a scientists where they were 0:08:33.480 --> 0:08:35.440 they said, we'll go from the bacterious point of view, 0:08:35.440 --> 0:08:38.920 were just the rappers for their Yeah, and so we're 0:08:39.000 --> 0:08:42.000 kind of these from that that point of view, we're 0:08:42.040 --> 0:08:46.480 we're kind of the parasite in a sense. Well yeah, 0:08:46.559 --> 0:08:48.079 I mean the table has been turned when you look 0:08:48.120 --> 0:08:50.439 at it that way. And and there was another researcher 0:08:50.520 --> 0:08:51.880 that said, you know, when you look in the mirror, 0:08:51.880 --> 0:08:57.480 what you're seeing is a bacterial composition. Really because kind 0:08:57.480 --> 0:08:59.199 of pretty as what you said, Yeah, like it's a 0:08:59.200 --> 0:09:02.240 bacterial composition, should not just stay. But I guess in 0:09:02.320 --> 0:09:05.040 reality is a little a little more pollock, uh Jackson 0:09:05.040 --> 0:09:07.400 Pollock than anything I don't know, I've seen point till 0:09:07.480 --> 0:09:10.560 is um there yeah, um, but yeah, I mean that's 0:09:10.559 --> 0:09:12.400 this idea that what you're looking at in the mirror 0:09:12.520 --> 0:09:14.719 is largely bacterial and not what you think of as 0:09:14.720 --> 0:09:16.880 your own. So again this makes this sort of step 0:09:16.880 --> 0:09:19.679 back and say, well, what is let's let's redefine this 0:09:19.840 --> 0:09:23.520 relationship we have to bacteria. We know that it helps 0:09:23.559 --> 0:09:27.320 to keep us healthy. Um, yeah, we know that it 0:09:27.360 --> 0:09:31.360 helps to break down food, helps to inspire our immune system. 0:09:31.559 --> 0:09:33.520 But there's plenty of food we just would not be 0:09:33.559 --> 0:09:36.400 able to eat if we did not have this bacterial environment, right, 0:09:36.440 --> 0:09:40.360 But the finding and findings of this microbiome project seem 0:09:40.440 --> 0:09:44.840 to point to a much more important function for our body. 0:09:44.840 --> 0:09:48.400 In fact, the evidence is mounting that we've just truly 0:09:48.440 --> 0:09:50.560 could not exist without all of the s bacteria teaming 0:09:50.559 --> 0:09:53.880 within us. It is a symbiotic relationship then yeah. Yeah, 0:09:53.960 --> 0:09:56.400 And we we discussed some of this in our our 0:09:56.520 --> 0:09:59.600 Stuffable your Kid's Mind video about the microbes that live 0:09:59.640 --> 0:10:02.800 inside is um because you you get into looking at 0:10:02.840 --> 0:10:05.280 like the symbiotic relationships, all right, So they are all 0:10:05.280 --> 0:10:09.120 these tiny little players that, when working together in harmony, 0:10:09.320 --> 0:10:13.719 allow for this greater picture of of uh to to 0:10:13.920 --> 0:10:15.800 rise to the surface. And you compare that to the 0:10:15.880 --> 0:10:18.600 human body itself, in which you have all these tiny 0:10:18.640 --> 0:10:24.400 players working in in even greater unity two produce the 0:10:24.480 --> 0:10:28.720 life form that we experience every day. Yeah, and I 0:10:28.720 --> 0:10:30.920 mean we talked about it to use just other examples 0:10:30.920 --> 0:10:33.319 like that, You've got shrimp that have you know, this 0:10:33.400 --> 0:10:36.520 bacteria that basically helps to like a car wash for 0:10:36.559 --> 0:10:38.800 the shrimp, which is great because it keeps, you know, 0:10:38.840 --> 0:10:42.640 the shrimp from getting any sort of other diseases. Bacteria 0:10:42.760 --> 0:10:45.440 keeps the shrimp nice and clean, and you know, then 0:10:45.559 --> 0:10:48.560 the bacteria gets something scrumptious to eat off the shrimps back. 0:10:48.920 --> 0:10:55.679 Presumably they really are they they should have their own podcast. 0:10:56.480 --> 0:10:58.880 Radio added a recent episode on Colors that I recommend 0:10:58.920 --> 0:11:01.760 everyone listen to, and there's a section on the mantis 0:11:01.760 --> 0:11:05.160 shrimp and it's amazing eyes. Okay, I was I was 0:11:05.200 --> 0:11:08.760 thinking that it was more about how it affects coloration 0:11:08.800 --> 0:11:11.120 of birds when they eat shrimp, or even there there 0:11:11.280 --> 0:11:14.000 people matter, There's there's that they're they're all sorts of weird, 0:11:14.080 --> 0:11:15.840 like we think of shrimp is other. It's they're the 0:11:15.840 --> 0:11:18.240 thing that shows up on the barbecue. You know, you 0:11:18.280 --> 0:11:21.240 think this passive little creature the bottom dwellers, but they're 0:11:21.240 --> 0:11:24.200 a ferocious shrimp out there with like like built in 0:11:24.320 --> 0:11:27.960 sonic boxing gloves there anyway. That don't get me started 0:11:28.000 --> 0:11:30.880 on shrimp. Yeah, back back to the bacteria. Let's talk 0:11:30.920 --> 0:11:34.959 about this project as microbiome project. We're talking about a 0:11:35.040 --> 0:11:39.480 five year study basically UM with two hundred scientists at 0:11:39.520 --> 0:11:43.080 eighty different institutions. This is a tremendous effort um. They're 0:11:43.120 --> 0:11:47.000 all pulling together to try to map bacterial genes and 0:11:47.040 --> 0:11:50.080 individuals using some of the same technology that the Human 0:11:50.120 --> 0:11:53.360 Genome Project used. And what they're trying to do here, 0:11:53.880 --> 0:11:55.800 or what they've begun to do, is to find a 0:11:55.880 --> 0:11:59.680 baseline of healthy bacteria and individuals because in the past 0:11:59.800 --> 0:12:03.520 we have looked at veterian individuals a bit more related 0:12:03.559 --> 0:12:06.200 to as you had pointed out, like Chron's disease or 0:12:06.400 --> 0:12:10.520 other UM diseases, in which they were trying to figure 0:12:10.520 --> 0:12:14.280 out how this bacteria was working. Right. Yeah, we've we've 0:12:14.720 --> 0:12:18.840 initiated these studies with it with a certain particular UM 0:12:19.320 --> 0:12:21.760 topic in mind. But their idea was, well, what is 0:12:21.800 --> 0:12:24.000 it supposed to look like in a healthy individual. Yeah, 0:12:24.120 --> 0:12:26.920 let's not just instead of feeling one portion of the elephant, 0:12:26.960 --> 0:12:29.000 let's try and trying to guess what it is. Let's 0:12:29.080 --> 0:12:32.080 let's look at the elephant. Yeah. And so initially they 0:12:32.080 --> 0:12:35.320 had six hundred subjects that they were going to try 0:12:35.360 --> 0:12:39.000 to run through this process, ages eighteen to forty, and 0:12:39.040 --> 0:12:41.880 they had everyone from densist to gynecologists checking out six 0:12:42.320 --> 0:12:45.480 people probing you name it, yeah, because I mean, it 0:12:45.480 --> 0:12:46.959 turns out it's actually kind of hard to find someone 0:12:47.000 --> 0:12:51.760 who has quote unquote perfectly healthy. I mean not to 0:12:51.920 --> 0:12:53.559 you know, to get all Gothic on everybody. If you know, 0:12:53.679 --> 0:12:56.080 the second you're born, you start to fall apart. So 0:12:56.480 --> 0:12:58.520 how do you find somebody who has who is you 0:12:58.920 --> 0:13:04.400 still has it to some degree altogether? Robert bummer, lamb um. 0:13:04.440 --> 0:13:07.720 So yeah, it got the the sample um of of 0:13:07.720 --> 0:13:10.040 people actually got whittled down to two two And this 0:13:10.080 --> 0:13:12.520 is what I thought was amazing. Of these two forty 0:13:12.520 --> 0:13:15.959 two people of them still had to be treated for 0:13:16.080 --> 0:13:18.680 either gum disease or cavities. So as you say not, 0:13:18.920 --> 0:13:21.280 you know, you just kind of you know, start to 0:13:21.320 --> 0:13:24.559 follow up and to quote Tina fe the mouth dies first. 0:13:24.600 --> 0:13:28.920 So yes, yes, uh uh So in addition to stool 0:13:28.920 --> 0:13:31.800 samples and saliva, of these two forty two people, women 0:13:31.800 --> 0:13:34.680 were swapped in eighteen different places on their bodies, while 0:13:34.679 --> 0:13:38.240 men were swapped in fifteen. And we're talking the crook 0:13:38.280 --> 0:13:41.480 of the arm, folds in the ear, uh, for vagina, 0:13:41.800 --> 0:13:45.080 for vaginas for women, their vaginas like three different places. 0:13:45.080 --> 0:13:47.160 And this is really important because it turns out that 0:13:47.240 --> 0:13:52.280 the bacteria in um and the vagina is probably some 0:13:52.400 --> 0:13:54.920 of the most powerful in terms of the immune system 0:13:55.080 --> 0:13:58.400 and immune functions. And we'll talk about that later, but yeah, 0:13:58.480 --> 0:14:01.160 head to toe, these people were wobbed so that they 0:14:01.160 --> 0:14:04.240 could get this complete picture of what bacteria looks like 0:14:04.320 --> 0:14:06.720 in a person. And so they end up with about 0:14:06.760 --> 0:14:09.600 three point five terra bases of data to examine, lots 0:14:09.640 --> 0:14:12.320 and lots of data. Yeah, and a terror base is 0:14:12.360 --> 0:14:16.360 one trillion subunits of DNA, so we're talking about a 0:14:16.400 --> 0:14:19.440 mountain here. Uh. They had something like eleven thousand or 0:14:19.440 --> 0:14:23.440 more than eleven thousand samples and they ended up, i believe, 0:14:23.520 --> 0:14:26.840 running about five thousand samples through which took about two 0:14:26.920 --> 0:14:30.880 million computer hours to to run these data sets. Um. 0:14:30.960 --> 0:14:33.040 And just to give everybody a scope of what a 0:14:33.120 --> 0:14:35.360 huge project. This This is a hundred and seventy three 0:14:35.440 --> 0:14:37.920 million dollar project. And what they're trying to do is 0:14:37.920 --> 0:14:41.600 they they teased apart bacterial genes from human genes and 0:14:41.640 --> 0:14:44.280 then they could really get into the specifics of what 0:14:44.320 --> 0:14:47.640 they were seeing. So they really set out to justify 0:14:47.680 --> 0:14:51.640 the ways of bacteria Toman really to get all miltony 0:14:51.800 --> 0:14:54.800 on it. Yes, yes, I believe that was actually in 0:14:54.840 --> 0:14:57.840 their abstract. Yeah, um, all right, we're gonna take a 0:14:57.920 --> 0:14:59.480 quick break and when we get back, we're going to 0:14:59.560 --> 0:15:02.360 tell you some amazing things about the bacteria that is 0:15:02.440 --> 0:15:11.040 dwelling inside you. Right now, all right, we're back. So, yeah, 0:15:11.120 --> 0:15:13.600 there's a lot of bacteria living inside each of us, 0:15:13.960 --> 0:15:15.600 to the point where it's it even gets a little 0:15:15.600 --> 0:15:18.320 tricky to say it's living inside us. It is living 0:15:18.360 --> 0:15:20.040 with us, part of us, it's part of us, it's 0:15:20.080 --> 0:15:24.240 a it's in a a symbiotic state, it is enmeshed 0:15:24.440 --> 0:15:27.280 part to say where we end and it begins exactly exactly, 0:15:27.280 --> 0:15:30.400 it's ten thousand species of microbes and each of us. 0:15:31.240 --> 0:15:33.840 That is what they discovered. One of the discoveries from 0:15:33.840 --> 0:15:38.680 this project, which again is lending credence to this idea 0:15:38.760 --> 0:15:41.520 that it's a microbial organ within us, and we should 0:15:41.560 --> 0:15:43.880 start to look at it as that, as opposed to, oh, 0:15:43.920 --> 0:15:46.120 there's much there's bacteria jump on us and it's just 0:15:46.160 --> 0:15:50.560 hitching a ride. Um. It is. It is acting on 0:15:50.760 --> 0:15:53.880 us and within us. Um. And as you say, it 0:15:54.000 --> 0:15:57.520 is a very symbiotic process. Yeah, you have twenty two 0:15:57.560 --> 0:16:01.480 thousand human genes, eight million back real genes, and it's 0:16:01.520 --> 0:16:04.040 and its specialized in the area resides in. So you 0:16:04.080 --> 0:16:07.360 have like the Queen's bacteria is gonna gonna really roll 0:16:07.480 --> 0:16:10.520 with its the particular neighborhood, whereas the Bronx bacteria is 0:16:10.520 --> 0:16:12.640 a lightly different thing. You can't take one for the 0:16:12.960 --> 0:16:16.240 from the other switch places and expect h them to 0:16:16.280 --> 0:16:19.520 just fit right in well. And the other analogies have 0:16:19.600 --> 0:16:21.040 been like, you know, one part of you could be 0:16:21.040 --> 0:16:24.560 more like a Amazon rainforest, while the other is like, 0:16:24.640 --> 0:16:27.760 you know, an ocean or even another Yeah, you know 0:16:27.800 --> 0:16:31.880 the Sahara desert. Um and I had talked about the 0:16:31.880 --> 0:16:34.720 bacteria swamps that were taken from the vagina, and it 0:16:34.720 --> 0:16:38.480 turns out that that bacteria in there is is very 0:16:38.600 --> 0:16:42.560 very active. And in fact, it turns um the vagina 0:16:42.680 --> 0:16:45.240 is the jungle in this scenario then, yeah, or the 0:16:45.320 --> 0:16:49.720 rainforest perhaps UM it turns conditions a bit acidic um 0:16:49.720 --> 0:16:52.920 and its environment, and the idea is that that kind 0:16:52.920 --> 0:16:55.800 of keeps other foreign bacteria out. And that would make 0:16:55.840 --> 0:16:57.960 sense because this is you know, this is an area 0:16:57.960 --> 0:17:02.840 of the body that UM that could cultivate bad bacteria. 0:17:02.960 --> 0:17:08.680 I'm putting that uh really easily right. It's damp, moist, yeah, 0:17:09.280 --> 0:17:12.480 easy to fuester in. And it's also the first bacterial 0:17:12.520 --> 0:17:15.400 environment that a newborn, at least a newborn and experiences. 0:17:15.480 --> 0:17:18.119 Vaginal birth is exposed to. It's like a and it 0:17:18.240 --> 0:17:21.679 is we discuss this little in the video for kids, 0:17:22.240 --> 0:17:26.800 of course, but when the vagina talk. Yeah, but when 0:17:26.840 --> 0:17:29.640 a child is born, the vaginal birth, it is it's 0:17:29.680 --> 0:17:33.200 basically a baptism of bacteria. They are they they're going 0:17:33.240 --> 0:17:37.120 from this clean, pristine environment where they're this single creature, 0:17:37.200 --> 0:17:40.560 and then they are just bombarded with this bacterial invasion. Okay, 0:17:40.600 --> 0:17:43.359 and check this out. When a woman becomes pregnant, the 0:17:43.400 --> 0:17:48.960 bacteria in her vagina changes, presumably um in anticipation of 0:17:49.040 --> 0:17:51.719 this child that will be going through the canal and 0:17:51.800 --> 0:17:55.879 getting this beneficial bacteria to begin life with. So it 0:17:56.000 --> 0:17:57.840 is That's when I start to say, this is far 0:17:57.920 --> 0:17:59.960 more ingrained than our thoughts said. WHOA, it just helps 0:18:00.080 --> 0:18:02.960 is to break down food. It's like, no, that's actually 0:18:03.560 --> 0:18:05.800 it's playing a vital role. Yeah, this is a part 0:18:05.800 --> 0:18:07.919 of the blueprint. And so when a child is not 0:18:08.040 --> 0:18:11.080 a woman born, when when a child is born via 0:18:11.160 --> 0:18:15.479 since arian section, you have a slightly different scenario going on, Right, 0:18:15.840 --> 0:18:20.399 you end up with a rather different bacterial baptism. Right, 0:18:20.440 --> 0:18:22.280 And that's one of the things that scientists want to 0:18:22.280 --> 0:18:25.280 try to answer. If if you are born via caesarean 0:18:25.480 --> 0:18:28.320 and you have a different microbiome, how does that affect 0:18:28.359 --> 0:18:30.399 you or does it affect you in your adult years? 0:18:31.480 --> 0:18:36.240 Do you have a different way of fighting, um, disease 0:18:36.560 --> 0:18:39.000 or illness? Are you more likely to flaming bath that 0:18:39.080 --> 0:18:44.760 kind of thing? Yes, yeah, that is also in the abstract. Yeah. Um, 0:18:45.000 --> 0:18:49.359 so this is really I think, very amazing information to 0:18:49.520 --> 0:18:53.040 know that that that bacteria is acting on this level. Um. 0:18:53.160 --> 0:18:55.320 Here's another thing that that came out of this is 0:18:55.320 --> 0:19:00.479 that researchers found genetic signatures of disease causing bacterial straints 0:19:00.560 --> 0:19:03.520 in everyone's micro biome. So what I say, what I'm 0:19:03.560 --> 0:19:06.760 saying here is and we've all known, um to some 0:19:06.800 --> 0:19:10.560 degree that but that we all carry staff for instance, 0:19:10.640 --> 0:19:14.760 or as some of us carry staff. UM, but we're 0:19:14.800 --> 0:19:17.120 we're perfectly fine. We're hanging out with it. And then 0:19:17.160 --> 0:19:19.879 some other people can come into contact with us, and 0:19:19.880 --> 0:19:23.879 then they get a staff infection. So um that that 0:19:24.040 --> 0:19:27.560 is no secret. But the extent of some of these 0:19:27.680 --> 0:19:30.919 disease causing bacteria that dwells within us that was not 0:19:31.000 --> 0:19:34.240 really known. So you have this idea of all this good, 0:19:34.280 --> 0:19:38.560 beneficial bacteria within us hanging out with a bad bacteria, 0:19:38.680 --> 0:19:42.359 presumably camping it down. It's a difference between saying, oh, 0:19:42.440 --> 0:19:47.320 occasionally a a murderer appears in society, UH towards the 0:19:47.320 --> 0:19:49.480 difference between that and saying, oh, well they're in they're 0:19:49.520 --> 0:19:53.080 a numeral potential murders. They just don't pop up that 0:19:53.160 --> 0:19:55.720 are that are somehow kept in check by other UH 0:19:55.840 --> 0:20:00.400 forces in society and culture. And UH I draw comparison 0:20:00.440 --> 0:20:02.639 here because it's UH the idea that we have a 0:20:02.680 --> 0:20:05.359 lot of these harmful bacteria in us, but if things 0:20:05.440 --> 0:20:08.720 are in the right balance, then they're not going to 0:20:08.760 --> 0:20:10.720 be an issue. It's when things get out of balance 0:20:11.240 --> 0:20:15.560 or or systems are are disrupted, that things can get 0:20:15.560 --> 0:20:20.560 a little hairy. And that's why, UH, researcher, scientists, doctors 0:20:20.560 --> 0:20:22.600 from every discipline are really kind of backing up and 0:20:22.640 --> 0:20:27.600 looking at this data and reconstructing their ideas based on it. 0:20:27.680 --> 0:20:29.960 And of course, as we go more and more through 0:20:29.960 --> 0:20:33.800 the data and find more things to substantiate some of 0:20:34.000 --> 0:20:39.200 perhaps theories or hunches will probably find out how bacteria 0:20:39.240 --> 0:20:43.080 is actually affecting us. But as you say, um, me, 0:20:43.200 --> 0:20:47.280 on this one level, it's it begins to look like, uh, 0:20:47.359 --> 0:20:50.920 that it's not actually pathogens that are creating illness and disease, 0:20:51.200 --> 0:20:54.919 but with perhaps something like diabetes, it could be a 0:20:54.960 --> 0:20:59.360 miscommunication with the bacteria. So normally our bacteria, we begin 0:20:59.400 --> 0:21:03.119 to think of this is really um, you know, communicating 0:21:03.160 --> 0:21:05.439 with our cells and keeping us healthy. It could be 0:21:05.480 --> 0:21:08.639 that there is this miscommunication with bacteria that, instead of 0:21:08.680 --> 0:21:11.600 defending it against the pathogen, allows the cells that make 0:21:11.680 --> 0:21:14.960 insulin in the body to be killed. Um. And that 0:21:15.040 --> 0:21:17.639 really kind of makes you back up and go, Okay, well, 0:21:18.600 --> 0:21:22.240 let's think about antibiotics. We know that it can wipe 0:21:22.280 --> 0:21:25.399 out your gut flora at least presumably the rest of 0:21:25.400 --> 0:21:29.239 your body too. Um And there's some reports you can 0:21:29.280 --> 0:21:32.600 take a while for you to recover years four years 0:21:32.640 --> 0:21:35.439 to build up your good flora. So then you have 0:21:35.520 --> 0:21:37.720 this idea of like, what are these other agents that 0:21:37.800 --> 0:21:41.840 are acting honest that are disturbing this balance, as you say, 0:21:41.880 --> 0:21:44.960 of good bacteria, and this idea that that balance or 0:21:45.000 --> 0:21:49.040 the imbalance that could be creating disease within us. So 0:21:49.160 --> 0:21:52.240 we're going forward, we could reach the point where we 0:21:52.320 --> 0:21:56.320 look back on our use of of antibiotics and it'll 0:21:56.359 --> 0:21:59.080 it'll basically be the equivalent of say, carpet bombing a 0:21:59.160 --> 0:22:02.080 city that may have uh insurgents in it or or 0:22:02.119 --> 0:22:04.680 some sort of terrorist activity, and it versus the idea 0:22:04.680 --> 0:22:08.920 of using a much more targeted method of removing a 0:22:08.920 --> 0:22:13.879 a hostile bacteria. Yeah, carpet bomb versus drone right, Um, 0:22:14.080 --> 0:22:18.680 not the drone is completely horked out exactly, but still 0:22:18.720 --> 0:22:24.080 the the the the comparison holds true. Yeah. Uh So 0:22:24.200 --> 0:22:29.040 this this gets this idea that perhaps this sort of knowledge, 0:22:29.280 --> 0:22:30.960 this and again we're at the tip of iceberg here 0:22:31.040 --> 0:22:35.720 under this huge data mountain. Um this knowledge could help 0:22:35.800 --> 0:22:39.119