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Speaker 1: Guess what mango? What's that? Well? So I was reading

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Speaker 1: this article in Mother Jones is by Rowan Jacobson. Oh yeah,

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Speaker 1: I know that byline he writes all those great food

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Speaker 1: articles like there was that one on a cheese, and

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Speaker 1: while back I think, yeah, yeah, Well for this article

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Speaker 1: he was writing about apples. We're gonna go with a

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Speaker 1: different food topic, apples and apple tree specifically. And you know,

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Speaker 1: until I read this piece, I had no idea how

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Speaker 1: long an apple tree could live? Did you know I

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Speaker 1: have no idea? Is in your list of fact? Well,

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Speaker 1: actually I'm just gonna quote him here. It says, even

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Speaker 1: when abandoned, an apple tree can live more than two

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Speaker 1: hundred years, and like the giving tree in Shell Silverstein's book,

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Speaker 1: it will wait patiently for the boy to return. There

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Speaker 1: is a bent old black Oxford tree and Hollowell, Maine

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Speaker 1: that is approximately two centuries old and still gives a

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Speaker 1: crop of midnight purple apples each fall. So I've actually

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Speaker 1: never heard of midnight purple apples. We're learning so many

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Speaker 1: things today. Well, apparently the US used to have thousands

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Speaker 1: of different varieties of apples in the eighteen hundreds, and

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Speaker 1: the styles are really astonished, And since we're getting into

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Speaker 1: fall and apple picking season, we thought it'd be fun

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Speaker 1: to do a list of nine things all about apples.

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Speaker 1: So let's dig it. Hey, their podcast listeners, welcome to

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Speaker 1: part time Genius. I'm Will Pearson, and as always I'm

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Speaker 1: joined by my good friend man guest Ticketer and sitting

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Speaker 1: behind the soundproof glass trying to stack apples three on

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Speaker 1: top of each other. How long do you think he's

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Speaker 1: been doing this? It's been a little. I guess that's

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Speaker 1: how tall a smurf is supposed to be. Three apples

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Speaker 1: and three apples class our friends and producer Tristan McNeil

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Speaker 1: always up to something. What a weirdo, but we love him.

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Speaker 1: So I'm actually happy you picked apples as a topic

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Speaker 1: because our cute little neighbor Ben who is the best

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Speaker 1: dressed gentleman on our block. Thought about Ben Bull in

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Speaker 1: the podcaster here, I was like, he's not that little

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Speaker 1: or well dressed. But our neighbor brought these like little

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Speaker 1: bag of apples over this morning because he'd gotten apple

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Speaker 1: picking this weekend. And in Georgia, I mean, it's late

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Speaker 1: September here, but it is so warm. I don't really

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Speaker 1: think of it as apple picking season, and seeing that

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Speaker 1: was almost my first reminder that it was fall now.

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Speaker 1: But where do you want to start? Well, how don't

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Speaker 1: we start with just the varieties of apples? I know

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Speaker 1: we mentioned just how many there used to be here

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Speaker 1: in the States, And I found this list of eighteen

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Speaker 1: apples with these incredible names that our friend Rika Okrant

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Speaker 1: did for mental flaws, and the names are just so great.

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Speaker 1: So we've got Spartan dogs now, winter Stein, rusty Coat,

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Speaker 1: Cours de bouff, which is one of my favorites, which

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Speaker 1: means heart of beef, and my favorite American mother. So

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Speaker 1: those are some tough sounding names and they almost sound

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Speaker 1: like punk rock bands or something. Actually, it's funny you

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Speaker 1: say that, because there is one with an um lot

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Speaker 1: that looks like a hair band. It's called Ootwiler spot

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Speaker 1: Law Burke. I think I'm sure I said that right,

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Speaker 1: And it does not sound appealing the way you're saying that.

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Speaker 1: But you know, um docs now isn't like an apple

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Speaker 1: I'm super keen to bite into. But I am curious, like,

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Speaker 1: in reading all these descriptions, are there any of these

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Speaker 1: rare varietals that you're actually eager to try. I mean

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Speaker 1: there was actually something in that rowan Jacobson peace. So so,

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Speaker 1: like we mentioned, in the mid eighteen hundreds, there were

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Speaker 1: thousands of different types of apples, and as industrial agriculture

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Speaker 1: came to the forefront, apple growers picked a handful of

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Speaker 1: varieties to promote, often settling on the ones that were

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Speaker 1: the hardiest to transport for for obvious reasons, which is

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Speaker 1: why I red delicious are so popular, but you know,

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Speaker 1: not really the most tasty of apples. Yeah, that's right.

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Speaker 1: But one of the apples that Jacobson writes about is

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Speaker 1: called the Harrison apple, and as he puts it, quote,

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Speaker 1: it was the pride of Newark, New Jersey now and

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Speaker 1: in the early eighteen hundreds for making a golden champagne

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Speaker 1: like cider that might have been the finest in the world.

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Speaker 1: So did we just get rid of it because it

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Speaker 1: didn't transport? Well no, I mean it was lost for

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Speaker 1: a few decades actually because of prohibition and there was

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Speaker 1: no real reason to keep growing them. But then in

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Speaker 1: the late nineteen seventies, this apple detective would this be

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Speaker 1: a great job. He was an apple detective and he

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Speaker 1: found one old tree in New Jersey. He grafted it

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Speaker 1: and he started growing them again. And I haven't tried

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Speaker 1: the champagne cider, but it's definitely on my to do list.

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Speaker 1: So that's really interesting that they grafted a branch to

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Speaker 1: make that happen. And I guess that's common for growing fruit.

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Speaker 1: But one thing I didn't know until you know, we

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Speaker 1: talked about this topic was that, uh, you can't actually

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Speaker 1: grow a great apple tree from just planning a seed

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Speaker 1: of any apple. And this is actually how BuzzFeed puts it. Quote,

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Speaker 1: if you ate a macintosh apple and planted the seed,

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Speaker 1: the tree it grew would produce apples that looked and

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Speaker 1: tasted nothing like macintosh is. So instead of planning seeds,

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Speaker 1: growers attached a cutting from the genetically desirable tree onto

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Speaker 1: an existing branch or sap link called a root stock,

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Speaker 1: so that the grafted bit produces apples genetically identical did

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Speaker 1: those on the tree it was cut from. I mean,

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Speaker 1: obviously I knew a little bit about graphing, but I

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Speaker 1: I don't know why it was so surprising to me.

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Speaker 1: I think just because I had this like romantic old

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Speaker 1: idea of like Johnny apple seeds, scattering seeds, and these

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Speaker 1: beautiful tasty apples growing from him. But you know that's

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Speaker 1: almost never how you get great apples. You know, one

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Speaker 1: thing I realized as I was reading up on this

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Speaker 1: was how little I knew about apple production. Like farmers

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Speaker 1: at apple orchards actually rent thousands of bees and hives

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Speaker 1: from beekeepers each season just to pollinate their trees. Did

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Speaker 1: you know this? I did not realize there was a

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Speaker 1: rental market for being Yeah, I know in New York

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Speaker 1: some of our neighbors used to rent a cat to

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Speaker 1: come to their place just to run around and leave

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Speaker 1: the scent to keep away mice, which is equally weird

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Speaker 1: to be weird and now scary all of a sudden,

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Speaker 1: yet one more place to be scared of. Well, yeah,

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Speaker 1: so what happens is you rent bees for a couple

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Speaker 1: of weeks and then the beekeeper comes back and takes

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Speaker 1: the hive to another orchard. At least I think that's

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Speaker 1: how it works. But I was reading about this Georgia

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Speaker 1: farmer who was saying he doesn't need to rent bees

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Speaker 1: because there are just so many types around just naturally.

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Speaker 1: And this was from a story reported on by W A. B.

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Speaker 1: But the scientists from a local college came by, and

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Speaker 1: he referred to this one orchard as the bee eating

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Speaker 1: and so here's his quote about it. The first time

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Speaker 1: I came here during bloom was eye opening for me.

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Speaker 1: It looked like almost the entire orchard was kind of

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Speaker 1: on fire, was smoking, like this black mist. Get up

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Speaker 1: in there and you actually realize it's not smoke. It's

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Speaker 1: just thousands and thousands and thousands of bees and they're

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Speaker 1: all native. So what's crazy is that he found more

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Speaker 1: than a hundred and fifty species of bees at this

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Speaker 1: one apple orchard, including a type of bee that mines

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Speaker 1: under the trees and has an underground city in the dirt. Well,

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Speaker 1: I have one last apple growing fact and then we

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Speaker 1: can talk about other things. But apparently Japan creates some

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Speaker 1: of the largest and most beautiful apples in the world.

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Speaker 1: And if you've read about the giant single packaged strawberries

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Speaker 1: they give for Valentine's Day, or like the square watermelon

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Speaker 1: they produce, you know that the culture around cultivating this

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Speaker 1: beautiful produce is very real, and apples are no exception.

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Speaker 1: So I found this article on the University of Cincinnati

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Speaker 1: magazine from this professor who was writing about her experience

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Speaker 1: in Japan, and apparently farmers will climb ladders and pluck

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Speaker 1: the four outer blooms on an apple, leaving only the

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Speaker 1: center one because it creates an apple that's larger than

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Speaker 1: the standard American apple. And this is all done by hand.

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Speaker 1: And then early in the season, when the apples are

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Speaker 1: still just an inch big, they actually discard all the

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Speaker 1: imperfect ones, like they know at that young like that

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Speaker 1: that are not going to be beautiful, and and then

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Speaker 1: they take all the promising ones and they put these

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Speaker 1: special wax paper bags on them. And not only does

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Speaker 1: this paper bag system keep out the pest, but it

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Speaker 1: supposedly extends the like storage life and the flavor of

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Speaker 1: the fruits. And then they also put different wax colored

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Speaker 1: paper on because it triggers the color jeans of the apples,

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Speaker 1: and uh, it's kind of crazy. They leave they leave

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Speaker 1: them on for ten to fourteen days, and then they

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Speaker 1: remove the bags and then they give the apples pure

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Speaker 1: sunlight because that's what gives them sweetness. But to make

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Speaker 1: sure the apples get even sweetness everywhere, they actually rotate

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Speaker 1: the apples on the on the branches by hand. They

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Speaker 1: rotate them on the bread that they wouldn't be pulled

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Speaker 1: off by doing that. No, they carefully rotate them. They

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Speaker 1: take away any leaves that are causing shades. They even

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Speaker 1: put these like white reflective mats underneath so that the

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Speaker 1: bottom of the apples get a perfect tan. It's crazy.

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Speaker 1: And then for the biggest apples, which are obviously going

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Speaker 1: to be sold as gifts, they put on these stickers

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Speaker 1: to create tattoos on the apples. Let's say things like

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Speaker 1: best wishes for a long life for or this one

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Speaker 1: Japanese pop star put images of his face on it

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Speaker 1: to get out to fans. It's it's just kind of amazing.

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Speaker 1: But the professor ended the article by saying, quote, this

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Speaker 1: intensive work results in apples that are absolutely beautiful and flawless.

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Speaker 1: Our apples look scruffy in comparison. So much work. Alright,

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Speaker 1: So we've done about five facts. Now I think, what

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Speaker 1: do you say? We reel off some some quick ones

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Speaker 1: about apples. You don't want to hear more about Japanese

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Speaker 1: apple company. That was pretty interesting. So here's what I

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Speaker 1: found about the Olympic marathon race and a truly bad apple.

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Speaker 1: And of course reading about the old Olympics reminds you

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Speaker 1: of just how different the competition was back then, Like

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Speaker 1: into Felix Carba Hall ran the race and cut off

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Speaker 1: trousers and a beret for some reason. And according to Smithsonian,

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Speaker 1: he saw someone eating peaches along the way and snatched

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Speaker 1: one or two and ate them. But he was still

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Speaker 1: hungry for fruit, so he stopped an orchard along the

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Speaker 1: way and ate a bunch of apples, and then a

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Speaker 1: few miles later he realized they were bad apples, and

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Speaker 1: he got the stomach cramp, so he laid down, took

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Speaker 1: a nap, and when he woke up, he kept running.

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Speaker 1: It was a butterfly. I thought you were telling the

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Speaker 1: story of like, what's the caterpillar? That's kind of what

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Speaker 1: He was still hungry, and then he took a nap,

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Speaker 1: but he took a nap, started running again, and he

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Speaker 1: finished in fourth place, and in his fancy shorts. That's

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Speaker 1: pretty yeah, Oh, that's pretty incredible. All right. Well, here's

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Speaker 1: something I hadn't heard before day. It comes from the

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Speaker 1: New York Times, and they were actually talking to this

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Speaker 1: curator at the Philadelphia Museum of Art and discussing how

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Speaker 1: artists spend so many hours just trying to represent a

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Speaker 1: real fruit on canvas, you know, trying to get the

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Speaker 1: color and the shape just completely accurate now, partially because

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Speaker 1: they're inspired by Sason. But what's funny is that Cezon

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Speaker 1: was a very slow painter. And as he puts it,

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Speaker 1: he says that hasan used artificial fruit partially because he

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Speaker 1: didn't want it rotting in the time that he was

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Speaker 1: trying to capture. I doubt that that's really true, but

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Speaker 1: it gives you an idea of just how slowly was

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Speaker 1: That is interesting. Well, kind of like how Audubon used

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Speaker 1: to paint birds by killing them and fix them wires

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Speaker 1: on branches, just like that. It's so grim, But we've

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Speaker 1: got two more Apple facts to go, so let's get

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Speaker 1: to those right after a break. So have I told

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Speaker 1: you that Ruby is obsessed with making fruit salads and

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Speaker 1: just forcing them on people lately? You have not, although

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Speaker 1: given her weird obsessions, this doesn't Yeah. I walked in

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Speaker 1: the house the other day and she said, who thinks

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Speaker 1: I make a great fruit salad? Raise your hand? Dad?

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Speaker 1: Why isn't your hand raised? You gotta be honest with it.

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Speaker 1: That's pretty good, now, are they any good? I mean,

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Speaker 1: it's surprising how good it is for a five year

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Speaker 1: old to me at least. But but she's so cocky

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Speaker 1: about it. Like we went to this Korean restaurant last

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Speaker 1: week and she looked at the food that came out

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Speaker 1: and then she just kind of like turned to the

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Speaker 1: waiter and said, I make a great fruit salad. If

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Speaker 1: you want, I can come back and show you how.

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Speaker 1: Like it's a secret or something. It's so ridiculous. Pretty great,

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Speaker 1: all right, So we're talking apples and the pressure is on.

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Speaker 1: I'd love to talk about Ruby. In fact, I think

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Speaker 1: her obsessions deserve a not at some point. But what's

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Speaker 1: your last factor? The day? Mango? Um? Maybe why New

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Speaker 1: York is called the Big Apple a good one? So

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Speaker 1: New York say he does produce a lot of apples,

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Speaker 1: but according to history dot com, the nickname doesn't have

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Speaker 1: to do with the fruit production. Apparently the name comes

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Speaker 1: from this newspaper writer and the twenties who overheard these

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Speaker 1: New Orleans stable hens talking about traveling to these big

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Speaker 1: races in New York and they called it the Big

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Speaker 1: Apple because it was considered this like big time venue.

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Speaker 1: But he liked it so much he just kept using it,

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Speaker 1: and it caught on with jazz musicians in the thirties,

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Speaker 1: but apparently the city she forgot the name for about

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Speaker 1: forty years, and then it was revived in the seventies

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Speaker 1: for a tourism campaign and that's when it really stuck.

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Speaker 1: But you know, what's interesting to me is that New

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Speaker 1: York hasn't always been partial to apples. In the sixteen hundreds,

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Speaker 1: the Dutch actually called the city New Orange for a

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Speaker 1: brief period and in honor of William of Orange. All right, well,

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna end this one on Isaac Newton. It just

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Speaker 1: felt like the right thing to do in a story

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Speaker 1: I found on him from our friends that Nita Rama.

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Speaker 1: So everybody's heard the legend that Newton quote discovered gravity

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Speaker 1: when you know, an apple fell on his head, And well,

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Speaker 1: the story isn't exactly true. There was an apple involved

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Speaker 1: in the discovery. Apparently Newton wrote about it himself and

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Speaker 1: described witnessing this falling apple while staring out of a

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Speaker 1: window at his house and Wolvesthorpe manor. Now, what's interesting, though,

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Speaker 1: is that there are a number of places that claim

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Speaker 1: they have the tree, and one place called the King's

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Speaker 1: School says that they paid to uproot the tree and

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Speaker 1: put it in their head master's garden. Meanwhile, Trinity College

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Speaker 1: and Cambridge claims that they have the lone descendant of

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Speaker 1: the original old tree outside the room where Newton studied.

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Speaker 1: What's funny is that they all get pretty specific about

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Speaker 1: the tree too. So here's how anit Arama explains it.

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Speaker 1: That the apple is a green cooking apple called the

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Speaker 1: flower of Kent, and it's this pear shaped, mealy and

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Speaker 1: actually generally unappetizing apple that changed the course of signce.

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Speaker 1: I like that we're giving this pear shaped medio gra

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Speaker 1: apple some glories. I do think you have to get

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Speaker 1: the prize for this. Thanks so much. And if you look,

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Speaker 1: actually he has stacked four apple you just show it

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Speaker 1: off over there. Tristan surf and a third that's right,

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Speaker 1: what from Tristan mango and meat. Thanks so much for listening.

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Speaker 1: Thanks again for listening. Part Time Genius is a production

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Speaker 1: of how stuff works and wouldn't be possible without several

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Speaker 1: brilliant people who do the important things we couldn't even

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Speaker 1: begin to understand. Tristan McNeil does the editing thing. Nold

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Speaker 1: All made the theme song and does the mixy mixy

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Speaker 1: sound thing. Jerry Rowland does the exact producer thing. Gabe

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Speaker 1: Louesier is our lead researcher, with support from the Research

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Speaker 1: Army including Austin Thompson, Nolan Brown and Lucas Adams and Eve.

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Speaker 1: Jeff Cook gets the show to your ears. Good job, Eves.

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Speaker 1: If you like what you heard, we hope you'll subscribe,

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Speaker 1: And if you really really like what you've heard, maybe

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Speaker 1: you could leave a good review for us. We do.

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Speaker 1: We forget Jason, Jason who