Speaker 1: Alz Media.
Speaker 2: Welcome to krapp and Here I'm Andrew Sage, a futue
Speaker 2: channel andrewism.
Speaker 3: I'm joined by Garrison Davis.
Speaker 2: Hello there, once again Hello, and today I regret to
Speaker 2: inform you that you must come to Brazil.
Speaker 4: I've heard mixed things about Brazil currently, but I'm not
Speaker 4: against the idea. I have considered it before.
Speaker 2: Yes, well, we're not going to the Brazil of present times.
Speaker 2: Will actually be time traveling, continuing the somewhat informal series
Speaker 2: I've been doing on Latin American anarchism. Will be dipping
Speaker 2: our tours into the sand and the sea, the farmlands
Speaker 2: and jungles, the mountains and deserts, the cities and villages
Speaker 2: that make up the land and ground of the potential
Speaker 2: liberty of the people Brazil, particularly the struggles for anarchism
Speaker 2: that they would have had in the late nineteenth.
Speaker 5: And early twentieth century.
Speaker 2: All this is of course down to the scholarship of
Speaker 2: people like Edgar Rodriguez, Jesse Cone, Philippe Corea, Rafael Vienna,
Speaker 2: the Silver Quan, William Dosantos, Edeline Toledo, and Luigi Biondi.
Speaker 2: And without further Ado, let's get into it, so the
Speaker 2: Portuguese landed in the region, they will become known as
Speaker 2: Brazil in fifteen hundred. Prior to their colonization, the land
Speaker 2: was home to ethnic groups linked to four main language groups,
Speaker 2: the Irawak, the Tupi, Guarani, the Je and the Kalinago.
Speaker 2: Some of the specific ethnic groups included the Portiguara, Trema, Membe, Tabajara, Kayete,
Speaker 2: and so on. After Pedro Alvarez Cabra landed, the following
Speaker 2: centuries were marked by colonization and enslavement. His lands were
Speaker 2: dispossessed and cleared. Plantations were established, roads were laid, bridges
Speaker 2: were built, and so on, all by the auctioned and
Speaker 2: purchased efforts of whipped and exploited human muscle the president.
Speaker 2: Slaved Africans in the society would sometimes flee into the
Speaker 2: jungles and form quilombos or fugitive slave settlements, including the
Speaker 2: famous Palmeris, which survived for almost a century with a
Speaker 2: population of between eleven and twenty thousand. After Brazil gains
Speaker 2: independence from Portugal in eighteen twenty two, retaining its own monarchy,
Speaker 2: it experienced numerous maroonaghes, reforms and popular revolts, including the
Speaker 2: Setembrada and Novembrada revolts, the uru Preto Opriisin, the Sabinada
Speaker 2: and Bailadda revolts, the Carmanachem revolt, the Guera dos Ferapos revolts,
Speaker 2: Liberal Revolution, the Prior Revolution, the extremely late abolition of
Speaker 2: slavery in eighteen eighty eight, and the proclamation of the
Speaker 2: First Brazilian Republic in eighteen eighty nine. It was in
Speaker 2: this tumultuous sociopolitical landscape that anarchism would take root. As
Speaker 2: in much of Latin America, anarchism would be brought by
Speaker 2: immigrants through port cities like Rodighenio and Santos. Revolutionary ideas
Speaker 2: would also come to Brazil by way of Brazilians themselves.
Speaker 2: Some went to France and Portugal for their studies and
Speaker 2: discovered anarchism there. Others would find the words of Kropotkin
Speaker 2: and Malchesta in the bookstores of their native cities. Doctor
Speaker 2: Fabio Luis, a Bahian hygienist and doctor, wrote two novels
Speaker 2: which sort to grapple with the social question of exploitation
Speaker 2: of man by man in Brazil. Doctor Luis also spent
Speaker 2: his time working alongside unions and helping to fight the
Speaker 2: yellow fever and smallpox epidemics of playing his Natia. Another novelist,
Speaker 2: Manuel de men Doncha, also published in this time, contributing
Speaker 2: to a slow growing libertaria and literary universe. These anarchist intellectuals,
Speaker 2: alongside others, would go on to launch a popular university.
Speaker 2: Other contributors the propagation of anarchism in Brazilian soil included
Speaker 2: Alisio de Carvallo, j Martins, Fontes, Pedero, Docuto Rocha, Pombo Due,
Speaker 2: Gonzalves de Silver, Maximino Maciel, Benja min Moota.
Speaker 5: Francisco Viot, et cetera.
Speaker 2: Anarchism in Brazil was actually quite diverse as well, as
Speaker 2: it found immigrants from Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Ukraine, Russia, Germany,
Speaker 2: Canada and England. Alongside former black slaves and mestizos. It
Speaker 2: found children, and it found women. Limo Berreto Domingos Pasos,
Speaker 2: who was kind of known as the Brazilian Bcunan, Nino Vascos,
Speaker 2: Edgar Luinroth, Jose Oitica, Mariela le Serda de Mura and
Speaker 2: Maria and Helios Suarez all made key contributions to development
Speaker 2: of anarchism in Brazil. Dozens of newspapers like clichiaf Pianchi, Levine,
Speaker 2: Livitario and O Desperta would also be published. Hundreds of
Speaker 2: lectures would be hosted, alongside language classes and artistic activities
Speaker 2: at anarchist cultural centers or at ten ems and schools
Speaker 2: like the Iliziuricluse School and the Modern Schools in South Paolo,
Speaker 2: which also provided letters courses, a vocational trainer. Revolutionary plays
Speaker 2: we put on in theaters by groups such as Grupo
Speaker 2: at the Instructure How and Group of Dramatical Heremina, blending
Speaker 2: entertainment with the syndicalist propaganda and front raising efforts for
Speaker 2: the labor movement. Worker's festivals featuring poetry, song, dance and sport,
Speaker 2: raise money for anarchist syndicalist organizations and reinforced a sense
Speaker 2: of solidarity. The anarchist workers, being so numerously immigrant, attempted
Speaker 2: to create a cosmopolitan counterculture centered on working class values
Speaker 2: and priorities. So all these projects and institutions, with the
Speaker 2: results of their efforts, over one thousand foreign agitators would
Speaker 2: be deported from Brazil as a result of their radical efforts,
Speaker 2: and a few would even be killed. The first anarchists
Speaker 2: be murdered by the state in Brazil was the Italian
Speaker 2: Polonice Mattei, killed in South Paolo on the twentieth September
Speaker 2: eighteen ninety eight. Earlier that year, the first gathering of
Speaker 2: socialist leading workers in Brazil would take place in Rio
Speaker 2: Grande Rossou, attended by delegates from various associations, anarchist groups
Speaker 2: and a newspaper. As usual, the Italian immigrants were heavily represented.
Speaker 2: The anarchist immigrants you've managed to establish a settlement known
Speaker 2: as the Guera Rima anarchist colony organized by Italian anarchists
Speaker 2: ar Tour Campanili. Perhaps the most notable contribution to anarchism
Speaker 2: by the Italians in Brazil was the Cecilia Colony, which
Speaker 2: deserves special attentions, mentioning, of course, that this project, as
Speaker 2: with everything taking place in Brazil in this time, took
Speaker 2: place on colonial land, which seemingly went unacknowledged by the
Speaker 2: anarchists themselves, but it was regrettably common in the colonial
Speaker 2: conditions of Brazil. In the southern state of Perana, in
Speaker 2: the ural municipality of Palmira. A group of Italian anarchists
Speaker 2: led by Giovanni Rossi and Gigi Damiani founded the Cecilia
Speaker 2: Colony in eighteen ninety The land was originally granted to
Speaker 2: them by Emperor Pedero dis second, but after the proclamation
Speaker 2: of the First Brazilian Republic, the new government did not
Speaker 2: acknowledge that land grant, and so the anarchists had to
Speaker 2: purchase it instead. The anarchists sought to experiment and creating
Speaker 2: a society based on collective ownership and free love. They
Speaker 2: built of communal shared for shelter and began the process
Speaker 2: constructing individual homes. The population of the colony quickly grew
Speaker 2: to almost three hundred people, including the Rossi himself, but
Speaker 2: by the end of eighteen ninety one, the colony was
Speaker 2: facing its first big challenge. They'd outgrown the infrastructure. With
Speaker 2: only twenty wooden houses in one community shed, the settlements
Speaker 2: simply couldn't sustain the influx of people had to make
Speaker 2: matters worse. Many of the settlers were industrial workers with
Speaker 2: little or no agricultural experience, and this lack of farm
Speaker 2: and knowledge made it difficult for them to produce enough
Speaker 2: food to feed themselves. They tried to organize tasks based
Speaker 2: on people's existing skills. Artisans stuck to their trades, but
Speaker 2: the farmers struggled, especially with the differences between Italian and
Speaker 2: Brazilian soil. While they managed to plant crops like maize,
Speaker 2: the results weren't immediate. The money they brought they could
Speaker 2: buy groceries, tools, and seeds, but it wasn't enough to
Speaker 2: sustain them until their crops started yielding results, so many
Speaker 2: settlers had to seek work elsewhere, with some even taken
Speaker 2: government jobs. The colony wasn't just about farming, though. Over
Speaker 2: the years, they built roads, sheds, barns, a mill.
Speaker 5: And even a fish tank.
Speaker 2: They planted a huge cornfield, dug wells, and set up
Speaker 2: a nursery for seedlands. They even tried out free love
Speaker 2: with rossiumself participates in a polyamorous relationship. Many such cases,
Speaker 2: many such cases. But despite all these efforts, the cracks
Speaker 2: were starting to show. In eighteen ninety two, seven families
Speaker 2: packed up and returned to Italy. By the end of
Speaker 2: the year, the colony's population had dwindled to just twenty people.
Speaker 2: Oh dang, yeah, it's a very very rapid decline.
Speaker 3: Yeah.
Speaker 4: The sustainability was typed projects is always like the big thing,
Speaker 4: and especially when it comes to like food and farming
Speaker 4: like that is unfortunately the joke whenever people talk about
Speaker 4: these sorts of projects. Now all of these artists and
Speaker 4: craftsmens don't want to spend out time toiling away in
Speaker 4: the fields.
Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, it's a challenge that the pasisticity.
Speaker 4: So far, it seems like there's like a decent mix
Speaker 4: of like labor organizing, like social organizing, like with like newspapers,
Speaker 4: like theaters, plays like that kind of like more like
Speaker 4: cultural engagement stuff with like unions and this little like
Speaker 4: anarchist society that they try. They've kind of like like
Speaker 4: sped run through a whole bunch of like I don't
Speaker 4: want to say like social anarchism, because that is a
Speaker 4: term that means something else. But there is a lot
Speaker 4: of stuff that's kind of very similar to that, at
Speaker 4: least like so far, and I'm not hearing very much
Speaker 4: stuff that leads me to believe there's like you know,
Speaker 4: a large degree of conflictuality towards the actual Brazilian Republic.
Speaker 4: But was that also like an aspect during this time
Speaker 4: period they.
Speaker 2: Would end up engaging in a lot more heavy, like
Speaker 2: you're talking about like direct engagement with the state.
Speaker 3: Yeah.
Speaker 2: I think in this early period, when they were still
Speaker 2: building up and spread in the wood, it was sort
Speaker 2: of a honeymoon period for the movement in a sense.
Speaker 2: A lot of the dramatic confrontations are very soon pendent. Okay, okay,
Speaker 2: So the cracks were certain to show. Families had packed
Speaker 2: up and returned to Italy. The colony had gone down
Speaker 2: to just twenty people, and because a lot of the
Speaker 2: colonies made up of intellectuals, doctors, engineers, artisans, many of
Speaker 2: them left for nearby cities where they founded the juessepe
Speaker 2: Garibali Society, which I couldn't find much information on that
Speaker 2: particular society from that particular historical period in my research,
Speaker 2: but it seems to have been a mutual aid society.
Speaker 2: I'm not one hundred percent sure.
Speaker 4: I mean that would make sense as it it's like
Speaker 4: within like a bigger city.
Speaker 5: Yeah, yes, yes.
Speaker 2: And Garibaldi has a rather interesting history that I'm only
Speaker 2: recently learning about. And I didn't even know he went
Speaker 2: all the way to South America and sclevantin and stuff,
Speaker 2: But like I learned very recently that he had married,
Speaker 2: I believe, an indigenous or a Mestizo woman while he
Speaker 2: was in South America, and they had like this very romantic,
Speaker 2: dramatic life together, leading battlefield side by side and.
Speaker 5: All that stuff.
Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, yeah, So I'm.
Speaker 2: Not surprised that the Italian anarchists were perhaps inspired by Garibaldi,
Speaker 2: even if he himself was not an anarchist. Sure so, anyway,
Speaker 2: by eighteen ninety three new settlers had arrived, thankfully, and
Speaker 2: the colony was trying to manufacture shoes and wine barrels
Speaker 2: so they could make some sort of an income. They
Speaker 2: eventually grew to sixty four residents, and they established two
Speaker 2: wells and a new access road. But even with those
Speaker 2: new developments, the colony was still struggling. They were dealing
Speaker 2: with material poverty, the neighboring Catholic communities were extremely hostile
Speaker 2: toward them, and they also had to deal with very
Speaker 2: poor sanitation conditions. And then in their fourth year they
Speaker 2: also had a crop epidemic that pretty much decimated the colony.
Speaker 2: And of course, as high minded as the ideas may
Speaker 2: have been, they were the internal struggles.
Speaker 5: You know.
Speaker 2: Free love and communal living may have been central to
Speaker 2: the colony's philosophy, but not everyone adapted well to the ideals.
Speaker 2: In theory, they embraced the values, but in practice there
Speaker 2: were some insecurity and jealousy that other rose out of.
Speaker 3: That also, many such cases.
Speaker 2: Many such cases. By the end of eighteen ninety three,
Speaker 2: it was abundantly clear that the colony couldn't survive. Labor
Speaker 2: was in high demand the nearby cities, and despite efforts
Speaker 2: to attract new settlers through socialist propaganda in Europe, the
Speaker 2: colony just couldn't maintain its proper and eighteen ninety four
Speaker 2: Celie Colony officially came to an end. They have in
Speaker 2: many players and dramatizations of the story Cecilia Colony. Most
Speaker 2: of them, as you would imagine, are in Brazilian Portuguese,
Speaker 2: so good luck finding them.
Speaker 3: I'll try to find a dub somewhere.
Speaker 2: Maybe yeah, and Ittilian Portuguese, but anyway, so, the experiment
Speaker 2: had held on for four dramatic years, defined pressure from
Speaker 2: the newly established Brazilian Republican government, heavy taxes and even
Speaker 2: military inclusions, eventually material conditions disease and until the conflicts
Speaker 2: brought to tone. And how are we entering into the
Speaker 2: twentieth century nineteen oh three, so the founding of the
Speaker 2: first four wal structure, inspired by international syndicalism, the Federation
Speaker 2: of Class Associations. This organization would take part in the
Speaker 2: first Workers Congress in nineteen oh six, which brought together
Speaker 2: forty three delegates, predominantly anarchist from across Brazil, in over
Speaker 2: twelve sessions, discussing twenty three items of discussion. Giovanni Rossi,
Speaker 2: the guy behind the Cecilia Colony, was among the attendees.
Speaker 2: The Congress sought to advocate for economic resistance societies and
Speaker 2: laid the foundation for the Brazilian Workers Confederation or COBB
Speaker 2: for Sure, in nineteen oh eight, which united over fifty unions,
Speaker 2: primarily from Rio Deshaneiro, South Paolo and Rio Grande Rossul.
Speaker 2: Between nineteen oh five nineteen oh eight, the workers movement
Speaker 2: witnessed a surge in strikes, notably among shoemakers, raallymen and
Speaker 2: other industrial sectors. Portoalle des cre saw at the general
Speaker 2: strike in nineteen oh six. South Paulo was the scene
Speaker 2: of insurrectionary strikes in nineteen oh six and nineteen oh
Speaker 2: seven as part of the campaign for the eight hour workday,
Speaker 2: in Santos. The strike for the eight hour day only
Speaker 2: ended in nineteen twenty one, meaning they spent well over
Speaker 2: a decade close to two decades fighting for.
Speaker 5: The eight hour day.
Speaker 3: Yeah.
Speaker 2: The workers movement also held several congresses in this time,
Speaker 2: including the first and second Sal Paulo State Congresses, the
Speaker 2: first mass Cares, the first mass Heires State Labor Federation Congress,
Speaker 2: and the Parana Labor Congress, which affirmed the movement's commitments
Speaker 2: to anarchist cynicalism, and as with other anarchist groups around
Speaker 2: the world, they organized a demonstration to commemorate the death
Speaker 2: of Francisco Ferrer, the Modern School founder who inspired rational
Speaker 2: education efforts across Brazil. They also supported the Russian workers
Speaker 2: in both nineteen oh five and nineteen seventeen, sported Mexican
Speaker 2: workers and peasants in nineteen ten, and commemorated the Chicago
Speaker 2: Martyrs on subsequent mediates. Nineteen thirteen marked the second Brazilian
Speaker 2: Labor Congress, much larger than the first, were delegates from
Speaker 2: one hundred and seventeen bodies across eight states debated twenty
Speaker 2: four items. In nineteen fourteen, anarchists in Sal Paulo organized
Speaker 2: a conference and select two delegates to represent Brazil at
Speaker 2: the London Anarchist Congress, which is eventually and unfortunately canceled
Speaker 2: due to the outbreak of War one.
Speaker 4: This is such an interesting moment in like international anarchism
Speaker 4: that at least right now, just like we have like
Speaker 4: the Internet, but that sucks. Like this style of like
Speaker 4: actual like like international like anarchism. It's just something that
Speaker 4: is I've I've never really been able to like experience before.
Speaker 5: But Garrison, you forgets in something we have discourse.
Speaker 4: Oh I'm sure they also had discourse, but they got
Speaker 4: to go to London to do their discourse, which sounds
Speaker 4: which sounds much better than doing it from my toilet
Speaker 4: on Twitter dot com.
Speaker 3: Sorry x X dot com. My apologies.
Speaker 2: No, that's that's true, though, I would much rather the
Speaker 2: discourse take place in person over you know, the discord
Speaker 2: suvas and the Switzer and Breddit threads.
Speaker 4: I mean, like especially in that like international aspect. Like
Speaker 4: there's there's certainly like like anarchists gatherings and like conferences
Speaker 4: and convergences, you know, within within countries.
Speaker 3: I've been to many in the United States.
Speaker 4: But yeah, this sort of like like having anarchists in
Speaker 4: Brazil go to London to talk with anarchists from everywhere
Speaker 4: else in the world, like compare their experiences and compare notes. Yeah,
Speaker 4: then talk about like what their actual like political goals are.
Speaker 4: It's something that I think is just steally doesn't really
Speaker 4: exist anymore.
Speaker 2: And that's really a vital component of international solidarity, because
Speaker 2: that's kind of solidarity, that kind of portunity is very
Speaker 2: difficult to find just through virtual interaction. There's something meaningful
Speaker 2: in shaking a Pulson's hand and embrace in them and
Speaker 2: laughing and crying together in Pusa and sharing a meal.
Speaker 5: I think really makes a difference.
Speaker 4: I mean, yeah, especially when you have, like the spread
Speaker 4: of anarchism is so built on that internationalism, like you
Speaker 4: have anarchists from Portugal and Italy and Spain.
Speaker 2: The immigrant influence exactly is very very profound.
Speaker 3: Yeah.
Speaker 2: But although there was the break of war one closer
Speaker 2: to home, the anarchists were still involving themselves in that
Speaker 2: sort of regional discourse.
Speaker 5: They may have been.
Speaker 2: Flying to London, but they managed to meet with delegates
Speaker 2: from Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay at the International Peace Conference
Speaker 2: and the South American Anarchist Congress in October nineteen fifteen,
Speaker 2: all in an aim to foster both regional and international
Speaker 2: anarchist cooperation as the war raged on. In addition to
Speaker 2: the anti war propaganda, Brazil's anarchists continue to rally against
Speaker 2: unemployment rise and living costs scarcity of basic foodstuffs, while
Speaker 2: resisting the capitalists the clergy in the state, which sent
Speaker 2: young men to the slaughter on the battlefield. In response
Speaker 2: to the pressure levied by the libertarian proletaria, the government
Speaker 2: gave the go ahead for direct sale by the producer
Speaker 2: to the consumer without taxes levied, easing the hugging crisis
Speaker 2: in the country. So their struggles worked. This period and
Speaker 2: particularly from nineteen twelve to nineteen twenty, marked significant working walization.
Speaker 2: The period from nineteen seventeen to nineteen twenty in particular
Speaker 2: was marked by significant strikes, including the South Paulo General
Speaker 2: Strike of nineteen seventeen, which saw seventy thousand workers participate
Speaker 2: with sympathy strikes in Rio Grande, Rasul and Pirana, demanding
Speaker 2: better working conditions, wages, and dad hour workday. This period
Speaker 2: also witnessed an increase in unionization and the growth of
Speaker 2: the workers Press, which provided critical platforms revolutionary ideas. In
Speaker 2: nineteen nineteen, an uprising exploded in Rio de Janeiro, leading
Speaker 2: to the death of three workers and the imprisonment or
Speaker 2: deportation of nearly one hundred. The government deployed police, troops
Speaker 2: and even naval warships to crush the resistance of the workers,
Speaker 2: and they also attempted to exploit racial divisions. They would
Speaker 2: take Afro Brazilians and use them as scabs, and then
Speaker 2: once the strike was over. Once they broke up this strike,
Speaker 2: they would fire those same black workers to reaffirm the
Speaker 2: privilege of white labor. Eventually, the government would concede and
Speaker 2: was capitalists to make some concessions where wages were concerned,
Speaker 2: but this came at a cost. Alongside the mass imprisonment
Speaker 2: and deportations, the state's efforts included infiltration of the unions,
Speaker 2: which eventually stayed reformist unions into the leadership position of
Speaker 2: the working classes, supplanting the more revolutionary organizations. Thus, anarchism
Speaker 2: arguably entered a new era. In the nineteen twenties, there
Speaker 2: were still anarchist led labor congresses, including the Third Brazilian
Speaker 2: Labor Congress and the second and third Riuro granded as
Speaker 2: Seoul Labor Congresses, the latter of which endorsed a declaration
Speaker 2: of principles from the IWA and established an International Anarchists
Speaker 2: Uidiarity Pact. But by the four to three or Granded
Speaker 2: there are Seul Labor Congress attended by sixteen workers organizations,
Speaker 2: two newspapers, six anarchist groups, sub power militants and delegates
Speaker 2: from Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina. Anarchist efforts in Brazil had
Speaker 2: to become much more clandestine following the deportations, the state intervention,
Speaker 2: the general repression of the success of priscils in regimes.
Speaker 2: The anarchist movement had indeed weakened, and I took another
Speaker 2: blue with the establishment to the Brazilian Communist Party the PCB,
Speaker 2: partially inspired by Bolshevism in nineteen twenty two, which absorbed
Speaker 2: many former anarchists, including Edgar Lunov, who authored its charter,
Speaker 2: and Astriguilo Perera, who served as its secretary general for
Speaker 2: nearly a decade before he was expelled. The PCB competed
Speaker 2: for union leadership and worked with the governments of Artur
Speaker 2: Bernandez Washington. Louise and Catulio Vargas, the suppressed the libertarian
Speaker 2: movement and the free trade unions. The Brendees government, by
Speaker 2: the way, sent to thousands of political prisoners, including anarchists,
Speaker 2: into the remote penal colony of Clevelandia, thousands with the
Speaker 2: harsh conditions killed hundreds. Wow, And the Louis san Vargas governments.
Speaker 2: Of course we're not any better.
Speaker 4: I was also wondering, like where are these people like
Speaker 4: deported to Like it sounded like they've been in Brazil
Speaker 4: for quite a while. When you were like mentioning there
Speaker 4: was all those all those other people who were deported
Speaker 4: out of the country, Like where where did they go?
Speaker 2: Yeah, there was a story reading about that. I didn't
Speaker 2: maintaince in my notes. Some only half remember in it,
Speaker 2: but one of my sources would have had it of
Speaker 2: the names that listed at the beginning.
Speaker 5: But they were spoken.
Speaker 2: About how there were these I believe Portuguese people in Brazil,
Speaker 2: as in Portuguese from Portugal who have been there, in
Speaker 2: there and working there and whatever for years and years
Speaker 2: and years, and because they hadn't naturalized, they were like
Speaker 2: subject to like these heavy attacks. And I believe some
Speaker 2: of them were deported as well, And so I'm assuming
Speaker 2: whenever a country of origin they could be traced to,
Speaker 2: they would be deported there, or they're'd be deported to
Speaker 2: a neighbor in South American country.
Speaker 5: But I didn't really find.
Speaker 2: Specific details on where they were sent. I assume it's
Speaker 2: mostly their home countries or neighboring countries.
Speaker 4: Between that and like setting thousands of people to appeedal
Speaker 4: quality with hundreds dying like that, this is a massive
Speaker 4: way of of repression they're dealing with in like the
Speaker 4: early twenties here.
Speaker 2: Indeed, indeed, and unfortunately, their supposed allies weren't exactly a help.
Speaker 2: In nineteen twenty seven, the anarchists Antonio Dominguez and Damiao
Speaker 2: the Silver who murdered by the communists, who also wounded
Speaker 2: another ten members of the printers Union and attacked and
Speaker 2: stole the assets of the footwear workers Union start further
Speaker 2: weakened the anarchists struggle when they were already dealing with
Speaker 2: that government repression. And in a sense, anarchists are like roaches.
Speaker 2: We just keep on shruggling and surviving, and the persistence
Speaker 2: of anarchist resistance in spite of all this repression, what
Speaker 2: would trigger a further backlash by the bourgeoisie, which should
Speaker 2: also arise to challenge the survival of anarchism and the
Speaker 2: left in general in Brazil. From the very same Italy
Speaker 2: that brought Many an anarchist, also came Many a fascist,
Speaker 2: which brings us to the Brazilian integralist movement. But to
Speaker 2: find out what happened in the nineteen twenties and thirties
Speaker 2: and onward, you'll have to wait for the next episode.
Speaker 5: I have an Andrew sage.
Speaker 2: You can find me on YouTube dot com slash Androwism and
Speaker 2: feature in dot com slast Sage True and this has
Speaker 2: been It could happen here.
Speaker 5: All power to old people.
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