1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,080 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from how 2 00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:14,280 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:14,440 --> 00:00:19,119 Speaker 1: I'm Tracy Wilson. And so recently we had an episode 4 00:00:19,160 --> 00:00:23,520 Speaker 1: about the Treaty of White Tangy, which was the document 5 00:00:23,600 --> 00:00:26,239 Speaker 1: that founded New Zealand as a nation, and in a 6 00:00:26,320 --> 00:00:31,240 Speaker 1: lot of ways it represented a step forward in relationships 7 00:00:31,240 --> 00:00:36,479 Speaker 1: between particularly the British and indigenous people's right. It was 8 00:00:36,560 --> 00:00:39,120 Speaker 1: not perfect, but in a lot of ways it was 9 00:00:39,240 --> 00:00:44,040 Speaker 1: better than things that had gone on before. Um today's 10 00:00:44,240 --> 00:00:49,480 Speaker 1: subject actually happened after that and kind of represents the 11 00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:52,320 Speaker 1: idea that the still there were a lot of problems 12 00:00:52,360 --> 00:00:58,920 Speaker 1: going on between colonizing governments and indigenous people's like this 13 00:00:59,040 --> 00:01:02,080 Speaker 1: was not the magical silver bullet at which point everyone 14 00:01:02,160 --> 00:01:07,360 Speaker 1: started operating from a better perspective. All in many cases 15 00:01:07,440 --> 00:01:11,640 Speaker 1: that the New Zealand events were really quite singular for 16 00:01:11,680 --> 00:01:14,680 Speaker 1: their time. Yes, So what we're going to talk about 17 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:18,120 Speaker 1: today is about a conflict between the British and the 18 00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:22,080 Speaker 1: Assanti people from what is now Ghana. At the time 19 00:01:22,080 --> 00:01:25,280 Speaker 1: it was known as the Gold Coast Africa, and the 20 00:01:25,319 --> 00:01:28,560 Speaker 1: Assanti British War of nineteen hundred is known to the 21 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:34,520 Speaker 1: Assanti people as the yah Assantwa War of Independence. Um 22 00:01:34,680 --> 00:01:38,720 Speaker 1: yah Assantwa was a woman leader in this this whole 23 00:01:38,720 --> 00:01:42,880 Speaker 1: resistance that became really important to it and to the 24 00:01:42,880 --> 00:01:46,959 Speaker 1: whole history of the Assanti people. So the British called 25 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:50,280 Speaker 1: this the Last Assanti Uprising or the Assanti War, and 26 00:01:50,360 --> 00:01:52,680 Speaker 1: some people also call it the War of the Golden 27 00:01:52,800 --> 00:01:55,520 Speaker 1: Stool for reasons that we'll talk about in just a bit. 28 00:01:56,400 --> 00:01:59,960 Speaker 1: It capped about a hundred years of war and conflict 29 00:02:00,320 --> 00:02:04,280 Speaker 1: between the British and the Assanti and um the they 30 00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:07,080 Speaker 1: had clashed like really officially as wars, not just as 31 00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:10,800 Speaker 1: skirmishes in eighteen oh seven, eighteen twenty four, eighteen twenty six, 32 00:02:11,160 --> 00:02:14,160 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy three and seventy four. That was one conflict 33 00:02:14,200 --> 00:02:17,639 Speaker 1: that spanned two years and eighteen ninety six, bringing us 34 00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:20,280 Speaker 1: finally to this conflict we're going to talk about today, 35 00:02:20,320 --> 00:02:25,560 Speaker 1: which happened in nineteen hundred. So the Assanti Empire occupied 36 00:02:25,560 --> 00:02:28,639 Speaker 1: part of what is now Ghana, and the Assanti Union 37 00:02:28,720 --> 00:02:31,080 Speaker 1: was made up of component states, each of which had 38 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:35,400 Speaker 1: its own royalty. The leadership of each component state was matrilineal, 39 00:02:35,520 --> 00:02:38,440 Speaker 1: with kings and queens having their own unique roles within 40 00:02:38,480 --> 00:02:42,920 Speaker 1: the state, the Assanta Hini was and still is the 41 00:02:42,960 --> 00:02:47,200 Speaker 1: supreme monarch over all of them. Europe's interest in the 42 00:02:47,240 --> 00:02:50,040 Speaker 1: Gold Coast started out being mostly about the slave trade, 43 00:02:50,480 --> 00:02:55,400 Speaker 1: but as European and American nations abolished slavery, the colonial 44 00:02:55,440 --> 00:02:59,160 Speaker 1: focus shifted instead to the region's natural resources, including its 45 00:02:59,200 --> 00:03:03,160 Speaker 1: gold mines. Britain was just one of the European nations 46 00:03:03,160 --> 00:03:06,000 Speaker 1: that was colonizing parts of Africa at this point, and 47 00:03:06,080 --> 00:03:09,800 Speaker 1: so it was also looking to protect its interests from 48 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:14,400 Speaker 1: the encroachment of other European countries. The British offered the 49 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:17,920 Speaker 1: Assanti Union the opportunity to become a British protectorate a 50 00:03:17,960 --> 00:03:21,320 Speaker 1: couple of times in the late eighteen hundreds. Both of 51 00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:24,720 Speaker 1: these times, Assanta Hini Primpa, the first who had become 52 00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:27,720 Speaker 1: the supreme monarch after a lengthy civil war, turned the 53 00:03:27,760 --> 00:03:31,800 Speaker 1: offers down. He wasn't opposed to the entire idea of 54 00:03:31,800 --> 00:03:35,360 Speaker 1: working with the British, though, he arranged a diplomatic mission 55 00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:39,240 Speaker 1: to go to England and in the spirit of cooperation 56 00:03:39,320 --> 00:03:42,640 Speaker 1: and friendship, and the British didn't really negotiate with the 57 00:03:42,720 --> 00:03:47,000 Speaker 1: delegation though, instead, in January of eighteen ninety six, while 58 00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:50,400 Speaker 1: the Assanti delegation was still in England, the British invaded 59 00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:54,880 Speaker 1: their kingdom. After this invasion, Primp of the First, still 60 00:03:54,920 --> 00:03:57,920 Speaker 1: hoping for a peaceful and productive relationship with the British, 61 00:03:58,320 --> 00:04:01,480 Speaker 1: did go against his advisor's opinions and agree for the 62 00:04:01,520 --> 00:04:05,560 Speaker 1: Assanti to become a protectorate of Great Britain. And at 63 00:04:05,560 --> 00:04:09,160 Speaker 1: this point, rather than beginning to work together productively, the 64 00:04:09,160 --> 00:04:12,200 Speaker 1: British arrested Print of the First and his family and 65 00:04:12,240 --> 00:04:15,360 Speaker 1: other members of the monarchy, and they sent them into exile. 66 00:04:15,960 --> 00:04:20,159 Speaker 1: British troops also looted the Royal Palace and desecrated a mausoleum. 67 00:04:20,960 --> 00:04:24,279 Speaker 1: Reasons on exactly why the British returned their acceptance of 68 00:04:24,320 --> 00:04:29,400 Speaker 1: British rule with this sort of almost savage treatment is 69 00:04:29,560 --> 00:04:32,760 Speaker 1: still unclear. Yeah, I could not figure that out, and 70 00:04:32,839 --> 00:04:35,880 Speaker 1: all of my research for this like the only reason 71 00:04:35,920 --> 00:04:39,120 Speaker 1: I could possibly fathom would be like just to be jerks, 72 00:04:39,120 --> 00:04:45,400 Speaker 1: which success worked. In July of that year, the Assante 73 00:04:45,560 --> 00:04:48,599 Speaker 1: used money they had raised through attacks to hire lawyers 74 00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:52,240 Speaker 1: in attempt to negotiate a peaceful return of their leaders. 75 00:04:52,839 --> 00:04:56,400 Speaker 1: The Colonial Office refused, though, and the Assanti, who believed 76 00:04:56,440 --> 00:04:59,279 Speaker 1: that this exile was a temporary measure, decided to just 77 00:04:59,400 --> 00:05:03,000 Speaker 1: bide their time until the king could come back. So 78 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:06,919 Speaker 1: they were really pretty sure that the Assanta Hini was 79 00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:09,400 Speaker 1: gonna at some point be brought back to them, and 80 00:05:09,400 --> 00:05:11,720 Speaker 1: and that was inevitable, so they thought, well, we might 81 00:05:11,720 --> 00:05:15,640 Speaker 1: as well cooperate while we wait for for our people 82 00:05:15,640 --> 00:05:19,600 Speaker 1: to be brought back. However, over the next few years, 83 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:22,600 Speaker 1: the British did some things that were really just intolerable 84 00:05:22,680 --> 00:05:26,159 Speaker 1: to the Assanti. First, the British dissolved the Assanti Union 85 00:05:26,560 --> 00:05:29,440 Speaker 1: UH and established treaties individually with each of the component 86 00:05:29,560 --> 00:05:32,880 Speaker 1: states and had them report to British authorities rather than 87 00:05:32,920 --> 00:05:37,680 Speaker 1: to a supreme Assanti leader. The British also gave missionaries 88 00:05:37,760 --> 00:05:40,360 Speaker 1: free reign to practice in Assante, which means that they 89 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:43,120 Speaker 1: set up schools with the hope of converting their students 90 00:05:43,120 --> 00:05:46,599 Speaker 1: to Christianity, and that naturally meant trying to turn the 91 00:05:46,640 --> 00:05:50,080 Speaker 1: students away from their tribal beliefs and practices. And the 92 00:05:50,080 --> 00:05:53,040 Speaker 1: British also instituted a sort of free trade agreement with 93 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:56,320 Speaker 1: other kingdoms and tribes who flocked to the capital of 94 00:05:56,400 --> 00:05:59,520 Speaker 1: Kumasi to trade and look for work UH. And this 95 00:05:59,640 --> 00:06:02,520 Speaker 1: may say, like a fairly innocuous thing, but it really 96 00:06:02,520 --> 00:06:06,920 Speaker 1: threatened the Assante economic system. On the subject of work, 97 00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:10,280 Speaker 1: the British also started mandating that the Assante carry out 98 00:06:10,360 --> 00:06:14,039 Speaker 1: compulsory labor on public works projects like helping to build 99 00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:18,919 Speaker 1: roads and buildings, and the British also wanted to abolish slavery. 100 00:06:19,560 --> 00:06:22,479 Speaker 1: Although the transatlantic slave trade had been declining throughout the 101 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:26,279 Speaker 1: nineteenth century, slavery was still being practiced domestically in many 102 00:06:26,320 --> 00:06:28,960 Speaker 1: parts of the world, and that included the Assante Empire. 103 00:06:29,760 --> 00:06:32,640 Speaker 1: The Assante objection to ending the practice of slavery was 104 00:06:32,760 --> 00:06:34,640 Speaker 1: much like what other parts of the world had seen 105 00:06:35,160 --> 00:06:39,080 Speaker 1: Without slavery, There simply wasn't enough labor available in industries 106 00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:42,760 Speaker 1: like farming and gold mining, so abolition further threatened the 107 00:06:42,760 --> 00:06:46,040 Speaker 1: economic order. Yeah, we're we're not at all trying to 108 00:06:46,160 --> 00:06:49,960 Speaker 1: argue in favor of slavery here, but the the Assante 109 00:06:50,040 --> 00:06:51,920 Speaker 1: did not want to a botler slavery at this point, 110 00:06:51,960 --> 00:06:53,640 Speaker 1: so the fact that the British were forcing them to 111 00:06:54,600 --> 00:06:58,279 Speaker 1: did not sit well. So by the time the next 112 00:06:58,560 --> 00:07:01,760 Speaker 1: major part of this story takes place, the Assante were 113 00:07:01,839 --> 00:07:05,840 Speaker 1: really really unhappy with the British presence in the Gold Coast, 114 00:07:05,920 --> 00:07:09,160 Speaker 1: and before we get into why so to get back 115 00:07:09,200 --> 00:07:13,840 Speaker 1: to our story. On March Dred, Sir Frederick Hodgson, who 116 00:07:13,880 --> 00:07:16,560 Speaker 1: was the who was Britain's governor of the Gold Coast, 117 00:07:16,960 --> 00:07:19,720 Speaker 1: called for a meeting of all the Assanti leaders outside 118 00:07:19,720 --> 00:07:22,720 Speaker 1: of the British fort in the capital of Kumasi, and 119 00:07:22,840 --> 00:07:26,840 Speaker 1: at this meeting he made four pretty big important announcements. 120 00:07:27,520 --> 00:07:30,880 Speaker 1: The first announcement was that the exile of Santahini would 121 00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:35,400 Speaker 1: not be coming back to Kumasi not ever. The second 122 00:07:35,440 --> 00:07:37,920 Speaker 1: had to do with this whole compulsory labor thing. He 123 00:07:38,040 --> 00:07:40,280 Speaker 1: was pretty much saying it was not negotiable and the 124 00:07:40,280 --> 00:07:42,960 Speaker 1: Assante We're just going to have to do it. The 125 00:07:43,080 --> 00:07:46,760 Speaker 1: third was related to an indemnity that the Assante were 126 00:07:46,840 --> 00:07:49,920 Speaker 1: to pay according to the Treaty of Femina, which had 127 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:53,360 Speaker 1: ended a previous war with the British in eighteen seventy four, 128 00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:56,560 Speaker 1: and Hodgson announced that the Assante were to pay interest 129 00:07:56,680 --> 00:07:59,520 Speaker 1: on that indemnity along with paying for the expenses that 130 00:07:59,600 --> 00:08:02,720 Speaker 1: the Britain had occurred incurred in their eighteen ninety six 131 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:06,360 Speaker 1: invasion of the Kingdom. And then he produced an itemized 132 00:08:06,400 --> 00:08:08,720 Speaker 1: list of which tribes were to pay how much money. 133 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:12,920 Speaker 1: His last announcement was really the straw that broke the 134 00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:16,800 Speaker 1: camel's back. He demanded to be brought the golden stool 135 00:08:17,280 --> 00:08:19,600 Speaker 1: so that he could sit on it. Now, stools had 136 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:22,000 Speaker 1: been part of the Assanti culture and other cultures in 137 00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:25,320 Speaker 1: that part of Africa for centuries. They were symbols of 138 00:08:25,320 --> 00:08:27,920 Speaker 1: a tribe's leadership and at the tribal level, they were 139 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:30,880 Speaker 1: also where the monarch would sit when he was ruling. 140 00:08:31,760 --> 00:08:34,120 Speaker 1: When the monarch was not there, it would be placed 141 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:36,520 Speaker 1: on its side so that no other person or no 142 00:08:36,640 --> 00:08:40,080 Speaker 1: other soul could find a seat there. And the golden 143 00:08:40,120 --> 00:08:43,559 Speaker 1: stool was actually a little different. According to the Assanti belief, 144 00:08:43,880 --> 00:08:46,360 Speaker 1: a shaman conjured it from the sky and it had 145 00:08:46,400 --> 00:08:48,959 Speaker 1: come to rest on the lap of the first Assanta Hini. 146 00:08:49,559 --> 00:08:52,240 Speaker 1: But it wasn't a throne. It embodied the soul and 147 00:08:52,280 --> 00:08:55,880 Speaker 1: the spirit of the Assanti people. The safety and prosperity 148 00:08:55,880 --> 00:08:58,760 Speaker 1: of the Assanti were tied to the safety of the stool, 149 00:08:58,840 --> 00:09:01,480 Speaker 1: and it's a deeply sake an object and it is 150 00:09:01,520 --> 00:09:05,600 Speaker 1: not for random sitting on. So, in a move that 151 00:09:05,679 --> 00:09:08,680 Speaker 1: really could not possibly be more symbolic of most of 152 00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:13,200 Speaker 1: the worst aspects of Western colonialism. Hodgson basically said, please 153 00:09:13,240 --> 00:09:17,040 Speaker 1: bring me your most sacred, most important, most cherished object 154 00:09:17,280 --> 00:09:19,960 Speaker 1: and allow me to put my big white buttocks directly 155 00:09:20,040 --> 00:09:25,280 Speaker 1: onto it. Yet conscouse for me like that image of 156 00:09:25,280 --> 00:09:27,560 Speaker 1: the bully that kind of grabs the little kid and 157 00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:31,200 Speaker 1: just sits on him to be mean, except add to 158 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:36,680 Speaker 1: that the layer of like sacred belief and spirituality on it. 159 00:09:36,679 --> 00:09:40,800 Speaker 1: It was blasphemy. Yeah, it was definitely blasphemy. On its own, 160 00:09:41,600 --> 00:09:43,760 Speaker 1: this demand already would have been one of the most 161 00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:47,160 Speaker 1: offensive things that Hodgson could have possibly said, like this, 162 00:09:47,280 --> 00:09:49,800 Speaker 1: bring me your stool. But on top of the inherent 163 00:09:49,840 --> 00:09:53,160 Speaker 1: offense and that blasphemy, he also asked for the stool 164 00:09:53,200 --> 00:09:57,160 Speaker 1: in a really arrogant and entitled way, quote, where is 165 00:09:57,200 --> 00:09:59,360 Speaker 1: the golden stool? Why am I not sitting on the 166 00:09:59,360 --> 00:10:02,320 Speaker 1: golden stool at this moment? I am the representative of 167 00:10:02,360 --> 00:10:05,280 Speaker 1: the paramount power. Why have you relegated me to this chair? 168 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:08,200 Speaker 1: Why did you not take the opportunity of my coming 169 00:10:08,200 --> 00:10:10,800 Speaker 1: to Kumasi to bring the golden stool and give it 170 00:10:10,840 --> 00:10:14,600 Speaker 1: to me to sit upon. This was completely shocking to 171 00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:17,280 Speaker 1: the Assanti leaders and chiefs who were present They were 172 00:10:17,320 --> 00:10:21,240 Speaker 1: completely stunned by this entire business and the idea that 173 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:24,079 Speaker 1: British people would claim the stool and say that they 174 00:10:24,080 --> 00:10:26,920 Speaker 1: were to sit on. It was so appalling and shocking 175 00:10:27,120 --> 00:10:30,200 Speaker 1: that most of the people just left the meeting without 176 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:35,240 Speaker 1: a word. However, almost immediately they started planning to fight back, 177 00:10:35,480 --> 00:10:38,400 Speaker 1: and the war that began almost immediately would go on 178 00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:41,040 Speaker 1: for months. So one of the people who had been 179 00:10:41,080 --> 00:10:45,360 Speaker 1: present at this meeting was Yah Santoa, and she had 180 00:10:45,360 --> 00:10:48,480 Speaker 1: been present on behalf of her grandson, who was one 181 00:10:48,480 --> 00:10:51,280 Speaker 1: of the kings who had been exiled. She was about 182 00:10:51,320 --> 00:10:55,320 Speaker 1: sixty at this point and she and her family governed 183 00:10:55,360 --> 00:10:58,040 Speaker 1: a j Su which was about nineteen miles away from 184 00:10:58,080 --> 00:11:00,600 Speaker 1: the capital of Kumasi, so she was sort of like 185 00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:04,559 Speaker 1: a queen mother and she immediately, basically on the way out, 186 00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:07,559 Speaker 1: started to question and taunt the men about why they 187 00:11:07,559 --> 00:11:11,160 Speaker 1: were submitting so peacefully to the British when the British 188 00:11:11,240 --> 00:11:15,400 Speaker 1: were obviously being so horrible and offensive. Queen Assantoa and 189 00:11:15,520 --> 00:11:17,760 Speaker 1: other leaders arranged to have a meeting at the home 190 00:11:17,800 --> 00:11:21,000 Speaker 1: of a man named Opoku Mensa. In this meeting, they 191 00:11:21,080 --> 00:11:24,640 Speaker 1: had two orders of business, and first and foremost was 192 00:11:24,679 --> 00:11:27,800 Speaker 1: to ensure the safety of the Golden Stool. The British 193 00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:30,600 Speaker 1: had actually already started trying to find it prior to 194 00:11:30,679 --> 00:11:33,959 Speaker 1: this whole meeting in front of the fort, and hearing 195 00:11:34,040 --> 00:11:36,520 Speaker 1: that the British were looking for the stool, had already 196 00:11:36,520 --> 00:11:40,160 Speaker 1: gotten some of the chiefs talking about mounting a resistance. Uh. 197 00:11:40,160 --> 00:11:43,880 Speaker 1: The stool actually remained hidden away for more than twenty years, 198 00:11:44,640 --> 00:11:47,440 Speaker 1: and the next order of business in this meeting was 199 00:11:47,520 --> 00:11:51,200 Speaker 1: plotting a war against the British. The War Council selected 200 00:11:51,280 --> 00:11:54,520 Speaker 1: yah A Santoa to lead their resistance and she accepted. 201 00:11:55,600 --> 00:11:58,240 Speaker 1: So it's not completely clear why they chose a woman 202 00:11:58,280 --> 00:12:01,960 Speaker 1: for this role. This was really within the norms of 203 00:12:02,040 --> 00:12:05,040 Speaker 1: gender roles among the assanti at this time. There had 204 00:12:05,120 --> 00:12:09,600 Speaker 1: been some female diplomats before. Like we said earlier, queens 205 00:12:09,640 --> 00:12:13,480 Speaker 1: had specific roles that they were responsible for within the 206 00:12:13,559 --> 00:12:18,280 Speaker 1: governing of their community, but not usually as a straight 207 00:12:18,360 --> 00:12:22,120 Speaker 1: up war leader. It's possible that part of this was 208 00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:25,360 Speaker 1: just strategic. The British wouldn't expect a woman to be 209 00:12:25,440 --> 00:12:28,440 Speaker 1: taking charge in that way, and it's also possible that 210 00:12:28,480 --> 00:12:31,360 Speaker 1: she had a tactical advantage by living in a gesus 211 00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:33,640 Speaker 1: that she was close enough to the capital to be 212 00:12:33,720 --> 00:12:36,240 Speaker 1: able to do things, but they wouldn't be under as 213 00:12:36,320 --> 00:12:40,200 Speaker 1: much careful scrutiny as if they stayed in the capital 214 00:12:40,240 --> 00:12:44,000 Speaker 1: itself to try to mount their resistance. So, regardless of 215 00:12:44,040 --> 00:12:48,320 Speaker 1: what their logic was for choosing her uh yeah, Assantua 216 00:12:48,400 --> 00:12:53,400 Speaker 1: basically became a military commander. She was responsible for strategizing, planning, 217 00:12:53,400 --> 00:12:56,360 Speaker 1: and executing all of it. She was the one making 218 00:12:56,400 --> 00:12:59,600 Speaker 1: all the calls and finding all the resources behind the scenes. 219 00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:03,240 Speaker 1: The fighting started in Earnest a few days later on 220 00:13:03,280 --> 00:13:06,400 Speaker 1: April second, when British forces were in bare trying to 221 00:13:06,400 --> 00:13:10,199 Speaker 1: find the Golden Stool. Assante fighters, who had been tipped 222 00:13:10,240 --> 00:13:12,599 Speaker 1: off that the British were going to be there, surrounded 223 00:13:12,679 --> 00:13:16,520 Speaker 1: them and opened fire, and the Assante continued to harry 224 00:13:16,520 --> 00:13:18,720 Speaker 1: the British for the next several weeks, and the next 225 00:13:18,760 --> 00:13:22,240 Speaker 1: major battle took place on April Tyre, when the Assante 226 00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:26,320 Speaker 1: slowly encircled a column of British soldiers before opening fire. 227 00:13:27,200 --> 00:13:31,200 Speaker 1: This uh surround the enemy maneuver was an ongoing theme 228 00:13:31,240 --> 00:13:34,640 Speaker 1: in their resistance. The Assante were armed with an assortment 229 00:13:34,760 --> 00:13:38,400 Speaker 1: of firearms and knives. Some of these were Dane guns. 230 00:13:38,440 --> 00:13:42,360 Speaker 1: These were very long barreled muzzle loading firearms that had 231 00:13:42,440 --> 00:13:44,840 Speaker 1: originally been made in Europe and were introduced to in 232 00:13:44,920 --> 00:13:47,800 Speaker 1: Africa by the Dutch. At this point, though, they were 233 00:13:47,840 --> 00:13:51,120 Speaker 1: being made locally and the term Dane gun eventually came 234 00:13:51,160 --> 00:13:53,560 Speaker 1: to be applied, so pretty much any firearm that was 235 00:13:53,679 --> 00:13:58,040 Speaker 1: locally being made in Western Africa. The Assanti's weapons paled 236 00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:01,840 Speaker 1: in comparison to the British troops military firearms, so they 237 00:14:01,880 --> 00:14:04,880 Speaker 1: really had to rely on something other than direct confrontation. 238 00:14:05,559 --> 00:14:08,240 Speaker 1: So they would cut a path through the bush parallel 239 00:14:08,280 --> 00:14:10,800 Speaker 1: to the British troops movement and then come out of 240 00:14:10,800 --> 00:14:14,079 Speaker 1: the jungle to surround them. They also made really have 241 00:14:14,160 --> 00:14:18,720 Speaker 1: a use of scouting, laying ambushes, sniping from trees, and 242 00:14:18,800 --> 00:14:22,520 Speaker 1: using blockades and stock aides to black British movements and 243 00:14:22,520 --> 00:14:25,880 Speaker 1: and provide their own defense. These structures that they were 244 00:14:25,880 --> 00:14:28,520 Speaker 1: building could be huge. They would be made of really 245 00:14:28,680 --> 00:14:32,960 Speaker 1: enormous jungle logs. They were approximately ten to twelve feet high. 246 00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:36,920 Speaker 1: Sometimes the Assante would also make smaller blockades that were 247 00:14:37,000 --> 00:14:39,120 Speaker 1: hidden in the bush parallel to the roads that the 248 00:14:39,120 --> 00:14:41,840 Speaker 1: British traveled on, so that they could take cover from 249 00:14:41,880 --> 00:14:44,480 Speaker 1: behind them and then shoot the troops as they passed by. 250 00:14:45,640 --> 00:14:49,160 Speaker 1: On April, the resistance fighters had another meeting at the 251 00:14:49,200 --> 00:14:52,480 Speaker 1: home of Apoca Mensa. They decided to try to expand 252 00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:55,720 Speaker 1: the fight for Assante independence by calling in the leaders 253 00:14:55,720 --> 00:14:58,360 Speaker 1: of the Assante states who hadn't yet taken a side. 254 00:14:59,360 --> 00:15:02,400 Speaker 1: They did get some support, but it wasn't completely effective. 255 00:15:02,960 --> 00:15:05,920 Speaker 1: Some of the states had been on opposite sides during 256 00:15:05,920 --> 00:15:09,040 Speaker 1: the civil war that had started in eighteen eighty five, 257 00:15:09,160 --> 00:15:13,360 Speaker 1: after which Prempay the First had become the leader. Because 258 00:15:13,400 --> 00:15:16,640 Speaker 1: the British had established treaties with all of the different 259 00:15:16,800 --> 00:15:21,000 Speaker 1: component states independently, dissolving the union that had held them 260 00:15:21,040 --> 00:15:24,960 Speaker 1: together before, some tribes decided to side with the British 261 00:15:25,080 --> 00:15:27,760 Speaker 1: rather than with the troops that were fighting for independence. 262 00:15:28,560 --> 00:15:31,240 Speaker 1: The following day, the Assante lay siege to the fort 263 00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:35,760 Speaker 1: at Kumasi. Missionaries, traders and others took refuge inside the fort, 264 00:15:36,080 --> 00:15:40,360 Speaker 1: and they were besieged until July fifteenth. The Assante also 265 00:15:40,400 --> 00:15:43,160 Speaker 1: cut the telegraph wires and freed the prisoners from the 266 00:15:43,240 --> 00:15:47,560 Speaker 1: jail inside the capitol. So the siege was possibly the 267 00:15:47,600 --> 00:15:51,040 Speaker 1: most dramatic part of the war because, as is always 268 00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:54,080 Speaker 1: the case with sieges, conditions inside the fort got just 269 00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:58,480 Speaker 1: progressively worse and worse and more disgusting and horrifying the 270 00:15:58,600 --> 00:16:01,920 Speaker 1: longer the siege went on. But the blockades and the 271 00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:06,040 Speaker 1: stockades were really the most effective part of the Assanti strategy. 272 00:16:06,200 --> 00:16:09,240 Speaker 1: The Assanti fighters made very efficient use of them, and 273 00:16:09,280 --> 00:16:12,080 Speaker 1: they found ways to position them that would provide both 274 00:16:12,120 --> 00:16:16,200 Speaker 1: cover and advantage. Point British guns could not penetrate them, 275 00:16:16,280 --> 00:16:17,760 Speaker 1: and it was only at the very end of the 276 00:16:17,800 --> 00:16:21,000 Speaker 1: fighting that they figured out a combination of weapon AMMO 277 00:16:21,160 --> 00:16:23,960 Speaker 1: and firing distance that would actually allow their cannons to 278 00:16:24,040 --> 00:16:27,800 Speaker 1: break through. The siege of the capital city was lifted 279 00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:32,160 Speaker 1: in July after British reinforcements arrived from the coast, and 280 00:16:32,320 --> 00:16:35,760 Speaker 1: the breakthrough and how to get past the Assanti stockades 281 00:16:35,840 --> 00:16:38,840 Speaker 1: followed about a month later, so the tide of the 282 00:16:38,880 --> 00:16:42,360 Speaker 1: battle really turned against the Assante in the late summer 283 00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:46,080 Speaker 1: of nineteen hundred. They had been able to inflict heavy 284 00:16:46,160 --> 00:16:50,600 Speaker 1: damages while taking on few casualties of their own, but 285 00:16:50,680 --> 00:16:53,600 Speaker 1: once the siege was broken, freeing up the British from 286 00:16:53,640 --> 00:16:55,960 Speaker 1: having to worry about it, and they had the capability 287 00:16:56,000 --> 00:16:59,120 Speaker 1: to knock down all the stockades and barricades. The British 288 00:16:59,200 --> 00:17:03,680 Speaker 1: British fighting effort became both effective and punitive. The British 289 00:17:03,720 --> 00:17:07,000 Speaker 1: really shifted at that point from defending themselves to putting 290 00:17:07,200 --> 00:17:10,840 Speaker 1: down a rebellion, and as the war progressed in to September, 291 00:17:10,880 --> 00:17:13,680 Speaker 1: the British turned to just burning down crops and villages 292 00:17:13,720 --> 00:17:17,840 Speaker 1: to the ground. At various points the two sides attempted 293 00:17:17,880 --> 00:17:21,520 Speaker 1: to negotiate, but the negotiations never really panned out. They 294 00:17:21,560 --> 00:17:24,920 Speaker 1: always fell through, or someone would break the armistice and 295 00:17:24,960 --> 00:17:29,240 Speaker 1: the fighting would resume. The last battle in this war 296 00:17:29,320 --> 00:17:32,800 Speaker 1: took place on September, and in this fight, about a 297 00:17:32,920 --> 00:17:36,119 Speaker 1: hundred and fifty of the Assanti's fighting force of six 298 00:17:36,200 --> 00:17:39,840 Speaker 1: hundred remaining men were killed. From there, the British just 299 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:43,320 Speaker 1: rounded up and arrested the resistance leaders who were still alive, 300 00:17:43,840 --> 00:17:47,920 Speaker 1: and those who were not executed joined the previously exiled 301 00:17:47,920 --> 00:17:51,719 Speaker 1: Assanti leadership in the Indian Ocean archipelago of the Steychelles, 302 00:17:52,280 --> 00:17:56,000 Speaker 1: and this included yah A Santoa. Although the fighting had 303 00:17:56,040 --> 00:17:59,560 Speaker 1: mostly ended the previous fall, the war wasn't officially over 304 00:17:59,680 --> 00:18:03,399 Speaker 1: until March of nineteen o one. Assanti became a British 305 00:18:03,400 --> 00:18:06,240 Speaker 1: colony that September, and a Crown colony that fell under 306 00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:10,080 Speaker 1: the Gold Coast Colonies in nineteen o two. Yeah Assantoa 307 00:18:10,160 --> 00:18:13,000 Speaker 1: died in exile in nineteen twenty one, when she was 308 00:18:13,040 --> 00:18:17,240 Speaker 1: about ninety. In nineteen twenty four, Primpy, the first and 309 00:18:17,320 --> 00:18:20,960 Speaker 1: others of yah Assantoa's kin were repatriated, and they later 310 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:24,240 Speaker 1: negotiated the Exhamation in return of the bodies of people 311 00:18:24,240 --> 00:18:26,760 Speaker 1: who had died in exile so they could be returned 312 00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:30,440 Speaker 1: home and buried there. He also secured the Golden Stool. 313 00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:34,959 Speaker 1: With Premple the first repatriation, the Assante Confederation of States 314 00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:39,480 Speaker 1: was re established. The British officially recognized this confederacy in 315 00:18:39,600 --> 00:18:43,600 Speaker 1: nineteen thirty five, and the Assante continued to be one 316 00:18:43,640 --> 00:18:47,600 Speaker 1: of Ghana's ethnic groups, with the Assanta Hinis lineage continuing 317 00:18:48,080 --> 00:18:51,960 Speaker 1: until today. Although Ghana itself is a republic and not 318 00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:57,919 Speaker 1: a monarchy, and also um maybe coincidentally, maybe not, Ghana 319 00:18:58,119 --> 00:19:01,959 Speaker 1: was the first African nation to declare itself independent from 320 00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:07,400 Speaker 1: British colonialism. More recently, yah Assantoa has appeared on Ghana's 321 00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:12,280 Speaker 1: postage stamps and also as a watermark on currency. She 322 00:19:12,440 --> 00:19:16,440 Speaker 1: was really unique in Assante history. Sometimes, as we said, 323 00:19:16,440 --> 00:19:19,359 Speaker 1: there could be a woman who was occupying a stool 324 00:19:19,440 --> 00:19:22,720 Speaker 1: that was normally held by a man, and when this happened, 325 00:19:23,119 --> 00:19:25,959 Speaker 1: that woman might have a more military presence in the 326 00:19:26,040 --> 00:19:29,359 Speaker 1: duties that she was responsible for. But yeah, Assantoa was 327 00:19:29,400 --> 00:19:33,439 Speaker 1: really an outlier. A woman's role in war in this 328 00:19:33,560 --> 00:19:37,880 Speaker 1: culture was normally about being supportive and like supporting the men, 329 00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:42,440 Speaker 1: inspiring the mental fight, plus ceremonial war songs and dances. 330 00:19:42,480 --> 00:19:46,400 Speaker 1: On the other hand, yeah, Assantoa really led the entire war. 331 00:19:47,080 --> 00:19:49,760 Speaker 1: Um so, she became the first female war leader of 332 00:19:49,840 --> 00:19:52,840 Speaker 1: the Assante. And it's important to note that while the 333 00:19:52,920 --> 00:19:57,000 Speaker 1: Assante did not win this war, uh, it was an 334 00:19:57,160 --> 00:20:00,920 Speaker 1: entire movement of resistance that sparked a lot of pride 335 00:20:01,080 --> 00:20:04,199 Speaker 1: in in the culture. Um so, it was sort of 336 00:20:04,240 --> 00:20:07,840 Speaker 1: a moral victory, even though it was not a literal victory. 337 00:20:08,320 --> 00:20:11,160 Speaker 1: And Queen Assantoir, you know, as part of her leadership 338 00:20:11,240 --> 00:20:14,880 Speaker 1: really roused the men and inspired them with passionate speeches 339 00:20:14,960 --> 00:20:17,840 Speaker 1: both before and during the war. She was essentially the 340 00:20:17,880 --> 00:20:20,880 Speaker 1: commander in chief of the Assante army. She took an 341 00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:24,800 Speaker 1: active part in negotiations with the British throughout the whole event. 342 00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:29,120 Speaker 1: In two thousand, Ghana observed the centennial of the war, 343 00:20:29,440 --> 00:20:31,960 Speaker 1: and in part to try to bring in tourist trade 344 00:20:31,960 --> 00:20:34,800 Speaker 1: to help the economy. They opened a yah As Santoine 345 00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:38,800 Speaker 1: Museum that year um in Edwizo. Although I found one 346 00:20:38,880 --> 00:20:41,119 Speaker 1: article that said that it had later burned down. I 347 00:20:41,160 --> 00:20:45,400 Speaker 1: had trouble confirming that before we got into the studio. 348 00:20:45,960 --> 00:20:48,680 Speaker 1: Do you have some listener mail to cap off the story? 349 00:20:48,800 --> 00:20:52,120 Speaker 1: I do, and our listener mail is actually somewhat related 350 00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:57,520 Speaker 1: because it ties back into the Treaty of Whiteagy episode 351 00:20:57,520 --> 00:20:59,840 Speaker 1: that we started talking about at the beginning of this podcast. 352 00:21:00,640 --> 00:21:03,720 Speaker 1: I didn't realize until we were really sitting down in 353 00:21:03,800 --> 00:21:06,760 Speaker 1: the studio that that wait, this thing that we talked 354 00:21:06,760 --> 00:21:13,760 Speaker 1: about today happened after that, Yeah, which, like that raises 355 00:21:14,080 --> 00:21:18,720 Speaker 1: a number of implications. UM So, I actually have a 356 00:21:18,760 --> 00:21:22,960 Speaker 1: couple of pieces of mail. One uh is from Ryan 357 00:21:23,240 --> 00:21:27,439 Speaker 1: and Ryan forwarded on a note um actually from the 358 00:21:27,440 --> 00:21:30,480 Speaker 1: White Tangy Tribunal. I had posed the question at the 359 00:21:30,560 --> 00:21:34,400 Speaker 1: end of the episode of how many claims there are 360 00:21:35,480 --> 00:21:38,720 Speaker 1: before the White Tangy Tribunal because I hadn't been able 361 00:21:38,720 --> 00:21:42,520 Speaker 1: to find that out before coming into the studio. So 362 00:21:42,720 --> 00:21:47,960 Speaker 1: Ryan did what any awesome person should do, which is 363 00:21:47,960 --> 00:21:51,280 Speaker 1: that he asked a librarian, specifically asked to the librarian 364 00:21:51,440 --> 00:21:53,840 Speaker 1: at the White Tangy Tribunal, who said that as of 365 00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:58,320 Speaker 1: that day's date, which was due ninth, there are two thousand, 366 00:21:58,560 --> 00:22:02,960 Speaker 1: four hundred twenty for registered claims on records. So that's 367 00:22:03,359 --> 00:22:08,359 Speaker 1: two thousand, four d four claims of a law or 368 00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:12,639 Speaker 1: an act that has gone against the spirit of the tribunal. UM. 369 00:22:12,640 --> 00:22:15,240 Speaker 1: That does not include the ones that are unregistered or 370 00:22:15,359 --> 00:22:19,800 Speaker 1: the ones where the registration was declined. So that is 371 00:22:19,840 --> 00:22:24,040 Speaker 1: the number. Thank you Ryan for asking a librarian, and 372 00:22:24,119 --> 00:22:28,080 Speaker 1: thank you librarians for being awesome. Librarians have the power 373 00:22:28,760 --> 00:22:32,520 Speaker 1: they do. UM. The other note that I got is 374 00:22:32,600 --> 00:22:35,080 Speaker 1: from Sue, and Sue says, thank you very much for 375 00:22:35,119 --> 00:22:37,240 Speaker 1: another brilliant podcast. I thought I would give you a 376 00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:39,919 Speaker 1: little insight into how the Treaty continues to be a 377 00:22:39,960 --> 00:22:43,639 Speaker 1: living document and guide the lives of New Zealanders today. 378 00:22:44,200 --> 00:22:46,639 Speaker 1: As a preschool teacher, I am regarded as an agent 379 00:22:46,680 --> 00:22:50,200 Speaker 1: of the Crown and therefore obligated and proud to uphold 380 00:22:50,240 --> 00:22:54,959 Speaker 1: the principles of the Treaty, participation, protection and partnership of 381 00:22:55,119 --> 00:22:59,439 Speaker 1: the Maori and their education. The New Zealand education system 382 00:22:59,480 --> 00:23:02,639 Speaker 1: has not always been geared toward the best interests of 383 00:23:02,680 --> 00:23:07,879 Speaker 1: the Maori. Early colonial school separated Maori from European and 384 00:23:07,960 --> 00:23:11,560 Speaker 1: also restricted the curriculum for Maori so they were only 385 00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:15,640 Speaker 1: taught the skills needed for laboring jobs. In later years, 386 00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:19,280 Speaker 1: Tario Maori, which is the Marie language, was forbidden from 387 00:23:19,320 --> 00:23:23,400 Speaker 1: being spoken at schools, forcing Maory youngsters to assimilate into 388 00:23:23,400 --> 00:23:27,240 Speaker 1: the European culture. It was it was feared to Real 389 00:23:27,359 --> 00:23:31,679 Speaker 1: Maori would disappear. Uh, and I apologized. I tried so 390 00:23:31,760 --> 00:23:33,679 Speaker 1: hard to be able to say this, and there's like 391 00:23:33,720 --> 00:23:36,639 Speaker 1: a role in the r that I cannot write replicate 392 00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:41,160 Speaker 1: with my American English tongue, so UH to get back 393 00:23:41,200 --> 00:23:44,560 Speaker 1: to the letter. It was feared tar Reel Maori would disappear, 394 00:23:44,960 --> 00:23:47,760 Speaker 1: which led to the efforts to revive the language. The 395 00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:50,720 Speaker 1: Treaty Ta Tribunal heard a claim to make to Real 396 00:23:50,800 --> 00:23:53,879 Speaker 1: Mary a treasure, which they found in favor of and 397 00:23:53,920 --> 00:24:00,000 Speaker 1: Tario was made an official language in seven in the education, 398 00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:03,640 Speaker 1: Asian system took another significant step forward with the release 399 00:24:03,840 --> 00:24:08,800 Speaker 1: of Uh Tafari K, the first bicultural early childhood curriculum 400 00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:11,840 Speaker 1: in the world. The document is written in both Tarreo 401 00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:15,320 Speaker 1: and English, and incorporates the Maori world view into the 402 00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:18,800 Speaker 1: education of all our young This is the curriculum that 403 00:24:18,840 --> 00:24:23,320 Speaker 1: guides my teaching practices today. Although not yet fluent Intarrio, 404 00:24:23,640 --> 00:24:26,359 Speaker 1: I use it daily with the children at my preschool 405 00:24:26,680 --> 00:24:30,560 Speaker 1: and respect the values of the Maori world view. Furthermore, 406 00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:36,760 Speaker 1: the Ministry of Education funds many full Maori immersion education centers, 407 00:24:36,840 --> 00:24:39,920 Speaker 1: bilingual and immersion Maory units in primary schools and college. 408 00:24:40,200 --> 00:24:43,159 Speaker 1: You are now even able to take university exams and 409 00:24:43,280 --> 00:24:48,280 Speaker 1: submit assignments into real Maori. Hopefully our positive steps forward 410 00:24:48,359 --> 00:24:51,880 Speaker 1: can help ease some of the not so wise decisions 411 00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:55,320 Speaker 1: of the past. Um and then she says, just for 412 00:24:55,359 --> 00:24:57,439 Speaker 1: a little fun quirk to end with, Maori and New 413 00:24:57,480 --> 00:25:00,560 Speaker 1: Zealand Sign language are the only official languages of New Zealand. 414 00:25:00,840 --> 00:25:03,439 Speaker 1: English has never been given official status, but is the 415 00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:06,280 Speaker 1: de facto official language of the country by virtue of 416 00:25:06,320 --> 00:25:09,320 Speaker 1: the fact that it is used in government departments and sessions, 417 00:25:09,480 --> 00:25:12,200 Speaker 1: and that a very large majority of the population speaks 418 00:25:12,200 --> 00:25:16,080 Speaker 1: it and nothing else. This always appears in pub quizzes here. 419 00:25:16,400 --> 00:25:21,720 Speaker 1: Thanks again, yes, thank you very much, Sue. I was 420 00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:24,320 Speaker 1: very glad to get this letter because we mentioned in 421 00:25:24,359 --> 00:25:27,760 Speaker 1: that episode that like, while the spirit of the treaty 422 00:25:27,880 --> 00:25:30,720 Speaker 1: overall seems to be coming from a good place, definitely, 423 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:33,959 Speaker 1: a lot of things that happened after the treaty was signed, 424 00:25:33,960 --> 00:25:37,359 Speaker 1: we're not from a good place. Um. But I didn't 425 00:25:37,359 --> 00:25:40,120 Speaker 1: want to go into a litany of examples about why 426 00:25:40,240 --> 00:25:44,640 Speaker 1: because that would have, I think, distracted from the core 427 00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:46,520 Speaker 1: part of the podcast. So I was glad to get 428 00:25:47,080 --> 00:25:52,639 Speaker 1: uh this note. I also got a series of contradictory 429 00:25:52,960 --> 00:25:59,760 Speaker 1: corrections on how to pronounce why tangy. Uh. We're so 430 00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:04,760 Speaker 1: doing our hardest, hardest best with pronouncing words. Yeah, I 431 00:26:04,760 --> 00:26:07,080 Speaker 1: mean we've talked about it so many times. You know, 432 00:26:07,840 --> 00:26:11,760 Speaker 1: the horse should be deceased at this point. But again, 433 00:26:11,920 --> 00:26:15,480 Speaker 1: we grew up speaking English. Are tongues can't always cluck 434 00:26:15,560 --> 00:26:18,760 Speaker 1: the same ways as other languages? No, And I sort 435 00:26:18,800 --> 00:26:22,280 Speaker 1: of like, I want everyone who listens to the podcast 436 00:26:22,359 --> 00:26:26,560 Speaker 1: to remember how hard it was the first time they 437 00:26:26,560 --> 00:26:31,640 Speaker 1: tried to learn another language other than their native language 438 00:26:31,640 --> 00:26:34,359 Speaker 1: for the first time. Unless they were extremely small children, 439 00:26:34,400 --> 00:26:37,520 Speaker 1: it was probably pretty difficult. So now imagine trying to 440 00:26:37,560 --> 00:26:41,720 Speaker 1: do that for every language on Earth, once a week, 441 00:26:42,160 --> 00:26:46,280 Speaker 1: once a week. Uh, We're so, we're seriously, seriously trying 442 00:26:46,280 --> 00:26:50,680 Speaker 1: our best, so uh so thank you to to those 443 00:26:50,720 --> 00:26:54,360 Speaker 1: of you who um who send us helpful things and 444 00:26:54,359 --> 00:26:57,840 Speaker 1: and not mean things on that score. If you would 445 00:26:57,840 --> 00:27:00,320 Speaker 1: like to write to us about this or any other subject, 446 00:27:00,359 --> 00:27:03,400 Speaker 1: we're at history Podcasts at how stuffworks dot com. Our 447 00:27:03,480 --> 00:27:06,119 Speaker 1: Facebook is Facebook dot com slash missed in History, and 448 00:27:06,160 --> 00:27:09,040 Speaker 1: our Twitter is missed in History. Our tumbler is missed 449 00:27:09,040 --> 00:27:11,400 Speaker 1: in History dot tumbler dot com. And we're on Pinterest 450 00:27:11,600 --> 00:27:15,960 Speaker 1: at pinterest dot com slash missed in history. If you 451 00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:17,960 Speaker 1: would like to learn a little bit more about one 452 00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:21,720 Speaker 1: of the reasons why the British even cared about what 453 00:27:21,760 --> 00:27:24,240 Speaker 1: was going on in Ghana at this point in history, 454 00:27:24,320 --> 00:27:26,560 Speaker 1: come to our website and put the word gold in 455 00:27:26,600 --> 00:27:29,520 Speaker 1: the search bar. You will find how gold works, because 456 00:27:29,520 --> 00:27:33,440 Speaker 1: that was super important at this point. You could learn 457 00:27:33,640 --> 00:27:36,000 Speaker 1: about that and a whole lot more at our website, 458 00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:38,240 Speaker 1: which is how Stuffworks dot com. And you can find 459 00:27:38,320 --> 00:27:41,000 Speaker 1: show notes in an archive of every episode and lots 460 00:27:41,080 --> 00:27:43,600 Speaker 1: of other cool stuff at our other website, which is 461 00:27:43,640 --> 00:27:50,399 Speaker 1: missed in History dot com. Go more on this and 462 00:27:50,520 --> 00:28:03,960 Speaker 1: thousands of other topics because it how stuff Works dot com.