1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:02,480 Speaker 1: Hi, This is newt twenty twenty is going to be 2 00:00:02,520 --> 00:00:05,160 Speaker 1: one of the most extraordinary election years of our lifetime. 3 00:00:05,360 --> 00:00:07,560 Speaker 1: I want to invite you to join my Inner Circle 4 00:00:07,920 --> 00:00:10,280 Speaker 1: as we discuss each twist and turn in the race 5 00:00:10,320 --> 00:00:13,640 Speaker 1: and my members only Inner Circle Club. You will receive 6 00:00:13,760 --> 00:00:18,960 Speaker 1: special flash briefings, online events, and members only audio reports 7 00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:21,599 Speaker 1: from me and my team. Here's a special offer to 8 00:00:21,640 --> 00:00:24,880 Speaker 1: my podcast listeners. 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On this episode of Newtsworld, as we gather 17 00:01:02,480 --> 00:01:05,680 Speaker 1: with family and friends later this week for the Thanksgiving holiday, 18 00:01:06,200 --> 00:01:09,600 Speaker 1: I wanted to devote an episode to the uniquely American 19 00:01:09,640 --> 00:01:14,120 Speaker 1: tradition and history of Thanksgiving. When we imagine the first Thanksgiving, 20 00:01:14,400 --> 00:01:18,480 Speaker 1: we think of the Mayflower Pilgrims and Native Americans gathered 21 00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:21,760 Speaker 1: together at the Long Table outside celebrating with a feast. 22 00:01:22,280 --> 00:01:26,000 Speaker 1: In fact, what we consider the first Thanksgiving was celebrated 23 00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:29,920 Speaker 1: in October sixteen twenty one, after the Pilgrim's first harvest. 24 00:01:30,520 --> 00:01:33,920 Speaker 1: The feast lasted for three days and included games and 25 00:01:34,040 --> 00:01:37,880 Speaker 1: all around good cheer. Was attended by ninety Wapanoa warriors 26 00:01:38,080 --> 00:01:42,200 Speaker 1: and fifty three Pilgrims. According to Pilgrim Edward Winslow's account, 27 00:01:42,720 --> 00:01:45,640 Speaker 1: they gathered together to give thanks to the Lord for 28 00:01:45,640 --> 00:01:49,160 Speaker 1: the bounty of the harvest and the rich natural resources 29 00:01:49,160 --> 00:01:53,880 Speaker 1: of this American continent. Today's Thanksgiving still reflects the American 30 00:01:53,960 --> 00:01:57,160 Speaker 1: values of the holiday as the Pilgrims originally celebrated in 31 00:01:57,200 --> 00:02:02,919 Speaker 1: sixteen twenty one. Hospitality, time with friends and family, bountiful food, 32 00:02:03,200 --> 00:02:06,640 Speaker 1: and generosity to those in need. I'm pleased to welcome 33 00:02:06,760 --> 00:02:10,799 Speaker 1: my guest, Melanie Kirkpatrick, Senior Fellow at the Husband Institute, 34 00:02:11,080 --> 00:02:14,440 Speaker 1: an author of Thanksgiving The Holiday at the Heart of 35 00:02:14,480 --> 00:02:31,400 Speaker 1: the American Experience. First of all, what led you to 36 00:02:31,480 --> 00:02:34,320 Speaker 1: write Thanksgiving the Holiday at the Heart of American Experience. 37 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:38,600 Speaker 1: I was in Manhattan downtown at the near the Wall 38 00:02:38,600 --> 00:02:41,880 Speaker 1: Street Journal offices on the day that the Twin Towers 39 00:02:41,880 --> 00:02:46,200 Speaker 1: were attacked and like most New Yorkers, like most Americans. 40 00:02:46,200 --> 00:02:49,120 Speaker 1: That had a profound effect on me. One of the 41 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:52,080 Speaker 1: things I did was start thinking more deeply about what 42 00:02:52,120 --> 00:02:55,320 Speaker 1: it meant to be an American. And I decided to 43 00:02:55,360 --> 00:02:58,800 Speaker 1: read a book I'd never read before, which was William 44 00:02:58,800 --> 00:03:03,720 Speaker 1: Bradford's Nal of Plymouth Plantation, and I was really blown 45 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:07,120 Speaker 1: away by it. And some of the challenges that the 46 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:11,320 Speaker 1: Pilgrims faced when they came to this continent and had 47 00:03:11,360 --> 00:03:14,600 Speaker 1: to think about were similar to what we Americans were 48 00:03:14,639 --> 00:03:18,040 Speaker 1: thinking about in the wake of the September eleventh attack. 49 00:03:18,880 --> 00:03:23,400 Speaker 1: As Thanksgiving got closer, I read ahead to the passage 50 00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:28,360 Speaker 1: on the first Thanksgiving in Plymouth in sixteen twenty one, 51 00:03:28,639 --> 00:03:32,120 Speaker 1: and I was struck by how similar it was to 52 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:36,480 Speaker 1: the holiday we celebrate today, and that got me interested 53 00:03:36,520 --> 00:03:39,600 Speaker 1: in the holiday, and I began researching it. I wrote 54 00:03:39,560 --> 00:03:42,760 Speaker 1: a couple of obeds on different aspects of the holiday 55 00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:46,040 Speaker 1: for the Wall Street Journal, where I was working, and 56 00:03:46,080 --> 00:03:49,760 Speaker 1: then when I retired from the journal, I started writing books, 57 00:03:49,880 --> 00:03:53,800 Speaker 1: and the history of Thanksgiving, which nobody had really done before, 58 00:03:54,160 --> 00:03:56,880 Speaker 1: was at the top of my list. I'm fascinating for 59 00:03:56,920 --> 00:03:59,600 Speaker 1: a couple of reasons. One is It's always struck me 60 00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:03,760 Speaker 1: that one of the keys to Thanksgiving is that you 61 00:04:03,840 --> 00:04:06,280 Speaker 1: have to have something to give thanks for, and that 62 00:04:06,360 --> 00:04:10,000 Speaker 1: there's a real connectivity emotionally. And if you go back 63 00:04:10,000 --> 00:04:12,320 Speaker 1: to the very beginning, but if you look at Washington, 64 00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:15,119 Speaker 1: or you look at Lincoln or what have you, these 65 00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:18,000 Speaker 1: are folks who really are thankful. It's not just a 66 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:20,760 Speaker 1: good day to eat turkey and watch football, but in fact, 67 00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:23,440 Speaker 1: it was a day where they truly were giving thanks. 68 00:04:24,080 --> 00:04:25,720 Speaker 1: Why don't you start us, if you don't mind at 69 00:04:25,720 --> 00:04:30,520 Speaker 1: the very beginning, with what happened in Massachusetts and how 70 00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:35,159 Speaker 1: the original Thanksgiving started. There are two eyewitness accounts of 71 00:04:35,200 --> 00:04:38,800 Speaker 1: the first Thanksgiving, so you can extrapolate from them, and 72 00:04:38,880 --> 00:04:42,000 Speaker 1: the first thing I'll note is that the word thanksgiving 73 00:04:42,040 --> 00:04:45,839 Speaker 1: doesn't appear in either of those first person accounts. For 74 00:04:45,920 --> 00:04:48,800 Speaker 1: the Pilgrims, the feast that we think of as the 75 00:04:48,839 --> 00:04:52,720 Speaker 1: first Thanksgiving was not a Thanksgiving day. It was more 76 00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:56,680 Speaker 1: of a harvest festival. And of course though the Pilgrims 77 00:04:56,800 --> 00:05:01,000 Speaker 1: gave thanks because they were champions giving thanks, they were 78 00:05:01,040 --> 00:05:04,560 Speaker 1: giving thanks in every aspect of their lives. It was 79 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:07,400 Speaker 1: a three day festival, and we know that at some 80 00:05:07,520 --> 00:05:13,080 Speaker 1: point during the three days, the ninety Indian braves appeared, 81 00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:17,680 Speaker 1: and I've always thought that's interesting because that was twice 82 00:05:17,760 --> 00:05:21,120 Speaker 1: the number of pilgrims that were left, and of course 83 00:05:21,320 --> 00:05:24,040 Speaker 1: some of the pilgrims were women and children. One of 84 00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:26,960 Speaker 1: the things we read is that they shot off their 85 00:05:27,120 --> 00:05:31,960 Speaker 1: arms as a kind of sport or entertainment during the 86 00:05:32,040 --> 00:05:35,440 Speaker 1: three days, and I've often wondered if that perhaps was 87 00:05:35,880 --> 00:05:39,760 Speaker 1: intended as a signal to their Native American neighbors that 88 00:05:39,920 --> 00:05:43,080 Speaker 1: even though they were small in number, they were well 89 00:05:43,200 --> 00:05:47,800 Speaker 1: prepared to fight off any possible attack. But anyhow, the 90 00:05:47,920 --> 00:05:51,560 Speaker 1: Native Americans were led by a very brilliant and I 91 00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:55,320 Speaker 1: think generous king by the name of Massasoit. He had 92 00:05:55,360 --> 00:05:59,680 Speaker 1: struck a peace treaty with the English settlers, and as 93 00:05:59,720 --> 00:06:02,880 Speaker 1: they arrived for the harvest festival, we don't know whether 94 00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:05,800 Speaker 1: they were invited or whether they just arrived. Another thing 95 00:06:05,960 --> 00:06:10,880 Speaker 1: we learn from Winslow is that the wampano and Indians 96 00:06:10,920 --> 00:06:15,719 Speaker 1: brought five deer, five dead deer which they had shot. 97 00:06:16,240 --> 00:06:18,200 Speaker 1: And you think about it, what do you do if 98 00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:21,839 Speaker 1: you're invited to a thanksgiving fees today? You ask what 99 00:06:21,960 --> 00:06:26,920 Speaker 1: can I bring? So those five deer would have served 100 00:06:27,279 --> 00:06:30,960 Speaker 1: the group for several days. I actually, in writing this 101 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:34,479 Speaker 1: consulted a friend of mine who I live in New England, 102 00:06:34,520 --> 00:06:38,920 Speaker 1: who is a hunter, and he described to me how 103 00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:43,200 Speaker 1: much each deer, how many meals it would provide, and 104 00:06:43,440 --> 00:06:45,760 Speaker 1: back then they would have used and eaten part of 105 00:06:45,800 --> 00:06:48,280 Speaker 1: the parts of the deer that we don't eat today. 106 00:06:49,120 --> 00:06:51,440 Speaker 1: So if you want to eat what the Pilgrims ate, 107 00:06:51,520 --> 00:06:55,120 Speaker 1: you have to start with venison. Turkey is also mentioned. 108 00:06:55,360 --> 00:06:58,920 Speaker 1: There were big flocks of wild turkey and flocks of 109 00:06:59,279 --> 00:07:04,480 Speaker 1: other fowl that the two talk about, and corn and 110 00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:08,680 Speaker 1: beans would have been on the menu. The Wampanoan taught 111 00:07:08,920 --> 00:07:15,760 Speaker 1: the pilgrims how to plant those vegetables using fish as fertilizer. 112 00:07:16,120 --> 00:07:19,280 Speaker 1: Then there were native plants that they might well have 113 00:07:19,720 --> 00:07:23,280 Speaker 1: learned how to use, again thanks to the Native Americans, 114 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:30,480 Speaker 1: and those include jerusalem artichokes, garlic, concord, grapes, walnuts and chestnuts, 115 00:07:30,520 --> 00:07:34,520 Speaker 1: and even cranberries, though it's unlikely that cranberries were on 116 00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:38,760 Speaker 1: the menu because if you've ever tasted one cranberry, you 117 00:07:38,880 --> 00:07:41,280 Speaker 1: know that it's really sour. You don't want to eat 118 00:07:41,320 --> 00:07:44,800 Speaker 1: a second one. And the Pilgrims did not have sugar 119 00:07:44,920 --> 00:07:49,520 Speaker 1: with them. Cranberry sauce recipes came later in the century. 120 00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:52,760 Speaker 1: Pumpkins could have been on the menu too, though not 121 00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:57,880 Speaker 1: as pie. Pumpkins were native to the area, and of 122 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:00,480 Speaker 1: course the English knew how to make pie, but they 123 00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:04,960 Speaker 1: didn't have wheat, so pumpkin pie didn't appear until later. 124 00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:08,640 Speaker 1: That said, they could very well have hollowed out a 125 00:08:08,680 --> 00:08:12,600 Speaker 1: pumpkin and cooked it over a fire of some sort, 126 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:18,280 Speaker 1: so it's possible that something akin to a pumpkin pie 127 00:08:18,440 --> 00:08:21,560 Speaker 1: was on the menu. The pilgrims had many things to 128 00:08:21,560 --> 00:08:26,000 Speaker 1: be thankful for at that first Thanksgiving. Of course, they 129 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:30,280 Speaker 1: were thankful to have arrived in the New World after 130 00:08:30,480 --> 00:08:34,280 Speaker 1: a difficult journey. They were also thankful to have survived. 131 00:08:34,679 --> 00:08:39,080 Speaker 1: About half original pilgrims died in the first winter due 132 00:08:39,160 --> 00:08:44,080 Speaker 1: to cold and poor nutrition and disease. That's unclear what 133 00:08:44,200 --> 00:08:47,400 Speaker 1: it was that struck after they had been there about 134 00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:51,560 Speaker 1: only two weeks, so they were thankful for their survival. 135 00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:55,679 Speaker 1: They were also thankful for the bounty of the harvest, 136 00:08:56,240 --> 00:08:58,800 Speaker 1: and that was of course due in part to the 137 00:08:58,840 --> 00:09:03,520 Speaker 1: bounty of the forests and the sea right near them, 138 00:09:04,120 --> 00:09:08,160 Speaker 1: but also thanks to the help of the native Americans. 139 00:09:09,040 --> 00:09:12,400 Speaker 1: I don't think the Pilgrims would have survived that first 140 00:09:12,440 --> 00:09:15,000 Speaker 1: winter if it had not been for the help of 141 00:09:15,040 --> 00:09:19,520 Speaker 1: the Native Americans. And finally, I would say another great 142 00:09:19,520 --> 00:09:24,240 Speaker 1: accomplishment for which they were deeply grateful was peace with 143 00:09:24,320 --> 00:09:28,720 Speaker 1: the Native people. Now that wouldn't last, and as the 144 00:09:28,800 --> 00:09:33,479 Speaker 1: decades went by, there would be terrible wars and lots 145 00:09:33,520 --> 00:09:37,440 Speaker 1: of deaths on both sides. But at the time of 146 00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:41,160 Speaker 1: the first Thanksgiving, the two people were living in harmony. 147 00:09:41,760 --> 00:09:44,600 Speaker 1: And I like to think that that image points the 148 00:09:44,640 --> 00:09:48,600 Speaker 1: way to the multicultural people we've become. So I understand 149 00:09:48,679 --> 00:09:51,840 Speaker 1: it did not become an automatic every year holiday at 150 00:09:51,880 --> 00:09:55,719 Speaker 1: that point. That's exactly right. The first day of Thanksgiving 151 00:09:55,760 --> 00:10:00,280 Speaker 1: that the Pilgrims celebrated officially was two years later. It 152 00:10:00,400 --> 00:10:03,520 Speaker 1: was in July, hardly a season we think of as 153 00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:06,960 Speaker 1: Thanksgiving season. There had been a drought that had lasted 154 00:10:07,080 --> 00:10:11,959 Speaker 1: from May. Their crops were dying and it rained, so 155 00:10:12,040 --> 00:10:15,560 Speaker 1: they gave thanks for the rain and called a day 156 00:10:15,559 --> 00:10:20,320 Speaker 1: of Thanksgiving. And those early days of Thanksgiving were spent 157 00:10:20,559 --> 00:10:23,600 Speaker 1: in worship for the most part, and I'm talking now 158 00:10:23,640 --> 00:10:27,320 Speaker 1: about the early seventeenth century, but there would be sometimes 159 00:10:27,320 --> 00:10:32,840 Speaker 1: a meal after the Thanksgiving services, and there is the 160 00:10:32,960 --> 00:10:37,960 Speaker 1: earliest example I could discover of Thanksgiving generosity and Thanksgiving 161 00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:44,600 Speaker 1: hospitality was from the sixteen thirties in Situate, Massachusetts, where 162 00:10:44,920 --> 00:10:50,080 Speaker 1: there was a call for a Thanksgiving and after which 163 00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:54,600 Speaker 1: the richer sort were asked to take care of the 164 00:10:54,679 --> 00:11:00,880 Speaker 1: poorer sort. So that tradition of hospitality and ferosity does 165 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:05,920 Speaker 1: go back a long way. As the seventeenth century progressed, 166 00:11:06,240 --> 00:11:11,600 Speaker 1: Thanksgiving days varied from colony to colony. Connecticut was the 167 00:11:11,679 --> 00:11:17,000 Speaker 1: first to call for a colony wide day of general Thanksgiving, 168 00:11:17,280 --> 00:11:21,760 Speaker 1: and that was in sixteen thirty nine. Now, a general 169 00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:26,000 Speaker 1: Thanksgiving is different from the kinds of Thanksgivings that were 170 00:11:26,120 --> 00:11:32,000 Speaker 1: usually celebrated before that. Before that, communities or churches would 171 00:11:32,040 --> 00:11:36,120 Speaker 1: call a Thanksgiving for a specific event, such as a 172 00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:40,720 Speaker 1: victory over Native Americans in a military skirmish, or a 173 00:11:40,880 --> 00:11:45,320 Speaker 1: reign that ended a drought that kind of specific event. 174 00:11:45,400 --> 00:11:48,920 Speaker 1: But in sixteen thirty nine, Connecticut called for a day 175 00:11:48,920 --> 00:11:52,000 Speaker 1: of general Thanksgiving, which was the time for people to 176 00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:57,800 Speaker 1: come together in worship and give thanks for God's many blessings. 177 00:11:58,400 --> 00:12:01,720 Speaker 1: This was a controversial idea which is hard to believe 178 00:12:01,760 --> 00:12:04,880 Speaker 1: in the context of the twenty first century, but some 179 00:12:05,280 --> 00:12:09,680 Speaker 1: people argued that having a day of general Thanksgiving would 180 00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:14,080 Speaker 1: mean that people would take gratitude for granted. However, if 181 00:12:14,120 --> 00:12:17,800 Speaker 1: there were specific blessings for which to give thanks that 182 00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:22,360 Speaker 1: would make them more deeply grateful. They actually had an 183 00:12:22,440 --> 00:12:25,840 Speaker 1: argument about this and did the general Thanksgiving people finally win? 184 00:12:26,600 --> 00:12:30,640 Speaker 1: They did. By the end of the seventeenth century, general 185 00:12:30,679 --> 00:12:35,400 Speaker 1: Thanksgiving were the norm. They were usually followed by a 186 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:39,319 Speaker 1: large meal with family and friends. That of course continued 187 00:12:39,360 --> 00:12:43,199 Speaker 1: into the eighteenth century, where we begin to read more 188 00:12:43,440 --> 00:12:47,400 Speaker 1: about the Thanksgiving celebrations themselves and the kinds of food 189 00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:52,000 Speaker 1: that were eaten. At some point, every colony would name 190 00:12:52,080 --> 00:12:55,680 Speaker 1: a Thanksgiving Day and that would be proclaimed by the 191 00:12:55,720 --> 00:13:00,760 Speaker 1: governor of the colony coming up. The Thanksgiving holiday spreads 192 00:13:00,800 --> 00:13:04,360 Speaker 1: from the New England colonies to other colonies as America's 193 00:13:04,400 --> 00:13:16,000 Speaker 1: frontier expands. This is week ten and the final week 194 00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:18,839 Speaker 1: of my profile Plan Journey, and Debbie and I are 195 00:13:18,880 --> 00:13:24,199 Speaker 1: discussing managing eating during the holidays with our profile coach Abbey. 196 00:13:24,440 --> 00:13:29,600 Speaker 1: Hello Newton, Debby. With Thanksgiving and Christmas coming up, I'd 197 00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:32,400 Speaker 1: like to talk about how to manage our journey through 198 00:13:32,520 --> 00:13:35,240 Speaker 1: the holidays it can be a really challenging time to 199 00:13:35,280 --> 00:13:38,480 Speaker 1: stand plan when you're surrounded by all your friends and 200 00:13:38,600 --> 00:13:42,080 Speaker 1: family and all the delicious food and treats well. And 201 00:13:42,120 --> 00:13:45,360 Speaker 1: I really feel I need this advice because so much 202 00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:48,160 Speaker 1: of my official life is going to dinners that frankly 203 00:13:48,200 --> 00:13:51,920 Speaker 1: resemble Thanksgiving. So it's definitely attempting to overinduse because you 204 00:13:52,040 --> 00:13:54,320 Speaker 1: look around, there's so much good food around. Yeah, and 205 00:13:54,400 --> 00:13:57,480 Speaker 1: I'm going to need your help because this plan has 206 00:13:57,520 --> 00:14:00,280 Speaker 1: been amazing. I'm almost at twenty five pounds. I want 207 00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:03,040 Speaker 1: to stay on plans, but I want to also plan 208 00:14:03,160 --> 00:14:06,800 Speaker 1: for some wiggle room. These are great times to remind 209 00:14:06,840 --> 00:14:09,280 Speaker 1: yourself of all the goals you set for yourself, So 210 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:12,880 Speaker 1: we really have to take the time to practice everything 211 00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:15,680 Speaker 1: we've learned so far. We want to plan ahead, and 212 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:18,840 Speaker 1: we really want to prioritize and think about I want 213 00:14:18,880 --> 00:14:21,160 Speaker 1: to have that piece of pie, and that's great, but 214 00:14:21,240 --> 00:14:24,800 Speaker 1: we really just need to plan for that and prioritize 215 00:14:24,880 --> 00:14:28,400 Speaker 1: what items are important for you. You know, when you're hosting, 216 00:14:28,480 --> 00:14:30,360 Speaker 1: you can control the menu, so you can make sure 217 00:14:30,400 --> 00:14:33,320 Speaker 1: that you have things that are readily available for you, 218 00:14:33,640 --> 00:14:36,400 Speaker 1: or if you're going somewhere else, you can always bring 219 00:14:36,520 --> 00:14:40,200 Speaker 1: something that you can have and share with everybody else's. Well, 220 00:14:40,200 --> 00:14:42,440 Speaker 1: what if we just want to break over the holiday 221 00:14:42,560 --> 00:14:45,000 Speaker 1: and we just want to go off plan? How much 222 00:14:45,080 --> 00:14:48,320 Speaker 1: damage does that do? I would suggest that maybe you 223 00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:51,040 Speaker 1: pick one day over the holidays to go off plan 224 00:14:51,120 --> 00:14:54,600 Speaker 1: and enjoy those Thanksgiving treats or those Christmas treats. It's 225 00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:57,160 Speaker 1: a really slippery slope. You've worked really hard to be 226 00:14:57,320 --> 00:14:59,600 Speaker 1: changing your habits. If you're going to take a day 227 00:15:00,160 --> 00:15:03,000 Speaker 1: to plan that day out and then commit back to 228 00:15:03,080 --> 00:15:05,880 Speaker 1: yourself of when you're going to get back on plan, Abby, 229 00:15:05,960 --> 00:15:08,680 Speaker 1: you've been a game changer for me. I couldn't have 230 00:15:08,720 --> 00:15:11,280 Speaker 1: done this without you. And I also wanted to mention 231 00:15:11,360 --> 00:15:15,200 Speaker 1: your profile Holiday survival guide that you have is amazing. 232 00:15:15,440 --> 00:15:17,640 Speaker 1: There are some really good tips in there. Abby. I 233 00:15:17,680 --> 00:15:20,520 Speaker 1: can't thank you enough for all your coaching and advice 234 00:15:20,560 --> 00:15:23,120 Speaker 1: you provided over the last ten weeks, and I look 235 00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:26,360 Speaker 1: forward to continuing to work with you on my profile journey. 236 00:15:26,880 --> 00:15:29,720 Speaker 1: I really appreciate your kind words Newton Debby, and I 237 00:15:29,800 --> 00:15:33,080 Speaker 1: hope that sharing your profile journey has been inspiring for 238 00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:35,960 Speaker 1: your listeners. I look forward to continuing to coach you 239 00:15:36,080 --> 00:15:39,200 Speaker 1: during your profile plan journey. Abby is going to post 240 00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:42,640 Speaker 1: some of the holiday tips at profile plan dot com 241 00:15:42,640 --> 00:15:46,160 Speaker 1: slash newt. Sign up now to start losing weight today. 242 00:15:46,360 --> 00:15:48,560 Speaker 1: You can do it with a profile coach like Abby 243 00:15:48,720 --> 00:15:52,080 Speaker 1: guiding you every step of the way. Go to profile 244 00:15:52,120 --> 00:15:55,920 Speaker 1: plan dot com slash newt Right now, News World listeners 245 00:15:55,920 --> 00:15:58,880 Speaker 1: can get an exclusive offer one hundred dollars off a 246 00:15:58,960 --> 00:16:03,080 Speaker 1: one year profile membership by visiting profile plan dot com 247 00:16:03,120 --> 00:16:06,040 Speaker 1: slash newt. Get your health journey started today with a 248 00:16:06,160 --> 00:16:10,280 Speaker 1: free profile coach consultation at your nearest profile location or 249 00:16:10,320 --> 00:16:24,440 Speaker 1: by visiting profile plan dot com slash newt. And my understanding, 250 00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:27,320 Speaker 1: it starts in New England, but does it spread rapidly 251 00:16:27,360 --> 00:16:31,040 Speaker 1: to all of the colonies. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, 252 00:16:31,200 --> 00:16:34,440 Speaker 1: colonies would hold their own Thanksgivings, but it was more 253 00:16:34,680 --> 00:16:38,720 Speaker 1: from a religious tradition than from a New England tradition. 254 00:16:39,280 --> 00:16:43,360 Speaker 1: Though as the country expanded, especially in the nineteenth century, 255 00:16:43,680 --> 00:16:46,840 Speaker 1: New Englanders took the holiday with them to the frontier, 256 00:16:46,880 --> 00:16:49,800 Speaker 1: and that's how the holidays spread. By the time we 257 00:16:49,880 --> 00:16:53,680 Speaker 1: get to the American Revolution, I gather it's pretty widespread 258 00:16:53,960 --> 00:16:57,400 Speaker 1: to have Thanksgiving. Do we have any notion that it 259 00:16:57,840 --> 00:17:02,640 Speaker 1: existed anywhere else outside what would become the United States. Certainly, 260 00:17:02,680 --> 00:17:05,600 Speaker 1: no country has a tradition other than the United States 261 00:17:05,680 --> 00:17:10,159 Speaker 1: that's been associated with many events in our history. The 262 00:17:10,440 --> 00:17:15,320 Speaker 1: Thanksgiving tradition was followed by the Continental Congress, and it 263 00:17:15,400 --> 00:17:20,040 Speaker 1: issued several days of Thanksgiving during the Revolutionary War. But 264 00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:23,520 Speaker 1: it was Washington who was the first to call a 265 00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:27,439 Speaker 1: national Thanksgiving for America as a nation. So up until then, 266 00:17:27,480 --> 00:17:32,000 Speaker 1: I've been mostly provincial, and suddenly you have a nationwide, 267 00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:35,879 Speaker 1: all thirteen colonies and later all thirteen states. Right, it 268 00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:40,560 Speaker 1: went from Thanksgivings called and celebrated by individual churches and 269 00:17:40,720 --> 00:17:46,040 Speaker 1: individual communities, to then being celebrated in an individual colony, 270 00:17:46,720 --> 00:17:51,320 Speaker 1: and eventually during the Revolutionary War, and then when we 271 00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:55,440 Speaker 1: became a country, celebrated nationally. In Washington's case, doesn't he 272 00:17:55,520 --> 00:17:58,680 Speaker 1: tie it directly to the notion that our achievements really 273 00:17:58,680 --> 00:18:02,800 Speaker 1: were providential? Could not understand how we had defeated the 274 00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:06,560 Speaker 1: greatest empire in the world without awareness that God had 275 00:18:06,560 --> 00:18:10,280 Speaker 1: a hand in it. That's exactly right. I should say 276 00:18:10,320 --> 00:18:15,440 Speaker 1: that Washington mentions God very prominently in his Thanksgiving proclamations, 277 00:18:15,880 --> 00:18:20,800 Speaker 1: and every president since Lincoln has followed that example. God 278 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:25,040 Speaker 1: is very much present in those Thanksgiving proclamations. The idea 279 00:18:25,240 --> 00:18:30,160 Speaker 1: of a Thanksgiving proclamation was controversial. In seventeen eighty nine, 280 00:18:30,960 --> 00:18:35,280 Speaker 1: Congress had a very vigorous debate over whether the president 281 00:18:35,400 --> 00:18:38,360 Speaker 1: had the authority to do that. There were two objections. 282 00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:42,439 Speaker 1: One was that he didn't have the authority under the Constitution, 283 00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:45,320 Speaker 1: and the authority to call a Thanksgiving belonged to the 284 00:18:45,359 --> 00:18:49,359 Speaker 1: governor of the individual States, not to the president of 285 00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:52,400 Speaker 1: the United States. And the second objection was that it 286 00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:56,000 Speaker 1: was a religious holiday and the president shouldn't have anything 287 00:18:56,200 --> 00:18:58,639 Speaker 1: to do with it. But in the end there was 288 00:18:58,680 --> 00:19:02,080 Speaker 1: a vote, it passed, and a delegation went to Washington 289 00:19:02,119 --> 00:19:06,160 Speaker 1: and asked him to declare a Thanksgiving Day, and he 290 00:19:06,200 --> 00:19:11,000 Speaker 1: did a very smart and wonderful thing. At that point. 291 00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:16,520 Speaker 1: He issued the proclamation, but he didn't order anybody to 292 00:19:16,560 --> 00:19:19,879 Speaker 1: celebrate the day. Instead, he sent a copy to every 293 00:19:19,880 --> 00:19:25,840 Speaker 1: governor and requested them to ask their people to celebrate 294 00:19:26,080 --> 00:19:29,320 Speaker 1: on the day that he designated. And of course every 295 00:19:29,480 --> 00:19:34,359 Speaker 1: governor was only too happy to comply, and the governors 296 00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:39,880 Speaker 1: then issued their own proclamations and the country celebrated as 297 00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:42,720 Speaker 1: a whole. You then get the great trauma of the 298 00:19:42,760 --> 00:19:47,159 Speaker 1: Civil War, you again get Lincoln coming back with Thanksgiving 299 00:19:47,200 --> 00:19:50,119 Speaker 1: being a very important date to him. And there is 300 00:19:50,200 --> 00:19:53,720 Speaker 1: an interesting story there about a woman who deserves to 301 00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:56,840 Speaker 1: be better known than she is, and her name was 302 00:19:56,880 --> 00:20:01,080 Speaker 1: Sarah Joseph Hale. She was a New Englander and she 303 00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:05,080 Speaker 1: was editor of the most popular magazine of the pre 304 00:20:05,280 --> 00:20:10,560 Speaker 1: Civil War period, Godie's Ladies Book, And for twenty some 305 00:20:10,720 --> 00:20:15,119 Speaker 1: years she had been pressing a campaign to have a 306 00:20:15,240 --> 00:20:20,680 Speaker 1: national Thanksgiving, because even though Thanksgiving was now being celebrated 307 00:20:20,840 --> 00:20:25,120 Speaker 1: in most states and in most parts of the country, 308 00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:28,560 Speaker 1: it was all on different days. And she thought that 309 00:20:28,600 --> 00:20:31,800 Speaker 1: if we had a national Thanksgiving, if Americans were celebrating 310 00:20:31,960 --> 00:20:35,160 Speaker 1: on the same day, that it would help to preserve 311 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:39,040 Speaker 1: the union as well as be a unifying force in 312 00:20:39,359 --> 00:20:43,520 Speaker 1: American culture. She thought that Americans still were not unified 313 00:20:43,680 --> 00:20:46,800 Speaker 1: as a culture. That we had won the war, the 314 00:20:46,840 --> 00:20:50,600 Speaker 1: Revolutionary War, but we hadn't developed our own distinct culture, 315 00:20:50,960 --> 00:20:55,280 Speaker 1: and Thanksgivings she saw as part of doing that. Anyhow, 316 00:20:55,359 --> 00:20:59,000 Speaker 1: she wrote to four or five presidents during that period, 317 00:20:59,560 --> 00:21:02,720 Speaker 1: and she was probably the best known woman in America 318 00:21:02,960 --> 00:21:06,560 Speaker 1: in the pre Civil War period, and they all replied, no, 319 00:21:06,760 --> 00:21:10,200 Speaker 1: we're not going to do it. When the eighteen sixties 320 00:21:10,320 --> 00:21:13,680 Speaker 1: came around, she wrote to Lincoln, of course, and Lincoln, 321 00:21:14,119 --> 00:21:19,280 Speaker 1: inspired by her letter, issued a proclamation in eighteen sixty three. 322 00:21:19,359 --> 00:21:23,080 Speaker 1: The timing of that proclamation was interesting too, because it 323 00:21:23,160 --> 00:21:26,280 Speaker 1: came a couple of months after the Battle of Gettysburg, 324 00:21:26,800 --> 00:21:30,280 Speaker 1: and by that point I believe it was clearer that 325 00:21:30,520 --> 00:21:34,560 Speaker 1: the Union was going to win. And so Lincoln's proclamation 326 00:21:35,240 --> 00:21:38,679 Speaker 1: has beautiful language in it, and it points the way 327 00:21:38,920 --> 00:21:44,400 Speaker 1: to the post war period when Americans can come together again. 328 00:21:44,600 --> 00:21:49,040 Speaker 1: It has very lyrical, lovely language. Lincoln is using Thanksgiving 329 00:21:49,400 --> 00:21:52,760 Speaker 1: as a holiday to bring us together. Then you get 330 00:21:52,960 --> 00:21:56,280 Speaker 1: Franklin Roosevelt, who sort of plays around with the date. 331 00:21:56,480 --> 00:22:00,280 Speaker 1: What was he trying to achieve? Franklin Roosevelt in the 332 00:22:00,400 --> 00:22:03,960 Speaker 1: nineteen thirties had the idea that if he made the 333 00:22:04,080 --> 00:22:08,800 Speaker 1: date of Thanksgiving a week earlier, that Americans would have 334 00:22:09,400 --> 00:22:12,960 Speaker 1: more time to shop for the Christmas holidays, and that 335 00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:15,919 Speaker 1: would give the economy a boost. Now, this was a 336 00:22:16,040 --> 00:22:19,720 Speaker 1: pretty dumb economic idea. Americans weren't going to spend more 337 00:22:19,760 --> 00:22:22,240 Speaker 1: money if they had an extra week, for the simple 338 00:22:22,280 --> 00:22:25,280 Speaker 1: fact that they didn't have the money to spend. But 339 00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:28,119 Speaker 1: be that as a may he called a press conference 340 00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:31,680 Speaker 1: announcing that he was changing the date of Thanksgiving, and 341 00:22:31,920 --> 00:22:35,600 Speaker 1: the country erupted. FDR had a good sense of how 342 00:22:35,640 --> 00:22:38,959 Speaker 1: things would play among the public, but here he failed completely, 343 00:22:39,760 --> 00:22:43,760 Speaker 1: and so the country split. Because there was no law 344 00:22:44,200 --> 00:22:48,600 Speaker 1: designating the date of Thanksgiving, it was just a tradition. 345 00:22:49,240 --> 00:22:53,560 Speaker 1: The president really didn't have any authority here. So half 346 00:22:53,600 --> 00:22:58,880 Speaker 1: the states decided to stick with the traditional day of Thanksgiving, 347 00:22:58,920 --> 00:23:02,359 Speaker 1: which was the last thirds day of November, and the 348 00:23:02,359 --> 00:23:06,399 Speaker 1: other half decided to go with Roosevelt state. There was 349 00:23:06,440 --> 00:23:10,520 Speaker 1: the Democratic Thanksgiving and the Republican Thanksgiving as they would 350 00:23:10,680 --> 00:23:13,800 Speaker 1: call it, and sometimes they even referred to the Democrat 351 00:23:13,800 --> 00:23:18,919 Speaker 1: of Thanksgiving as Franksgiving, after Roosevelt himself. This caused an 352 00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:22,480 Speaker 1: uproars throughout the country and it made it difficult for 353 00:23:22,520 --> 00:23:25,280 Speaker 1: a lot of people. And my mother was an example 354 00:23:25,280 --> 00:23:28,959 Speaker 1: of that. She was in college in Boston, where they 355 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:33,159 Speaker 1: of course celebrated the traditional date of Thanksgiving, but she 356 00:23:33,240 --> 00:23:37,000 Speaker 1: lived in Buffalo, in New York State, Roosevelt state, where 357 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:41,119 Speaker 1: they celebrated the Democrat at Thanksgiving, and she couldn't go 358 00:23:41,160 --> 00:23:44,000 Speaker 1: home for Thanksgiving the four years she was in college. 359 00:23:44,880 --> 00:23:48,520 Speaker 1: In nineteen forty one, it was clear that the experiment 360 00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:52,280 Speaker 1: was a failure. The economy had not improved, people didn't 361 00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:56,240 Speaker 1: spend more money during the holiday shopping season, and so 362 00:23:56,600 --> 00:24:02,399 Speaker 1: Congress passed a resolution making Thanksgiving the fourth Thursday of 363 00:24:02,480 --> 00:24:08,000 Speaker 1: the month. Next. What Norman Rockwell's painting Freedom from One 364 00:24:08,200 --> 00:24:19,320 Speaker 1: tells us about the Thanksgiving tradition? Hi, this isnt Gingwich. 365 00:24:19,880 --> 00:24:22,560 Speaker 1: After I served as Speaker of the House, I opened 366 00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:26,240 Speaker 1: my own business, Gingwish three sixty. As a business owner, 367 00:24:26,480 --> 00:24:28,880 Speaker 1: if you don't know your numbers, you don't know your business. 368 00:24:29,320 --> 00:24:32,359 Speaker 1: That is what Nutswite by Oracle has set out to solve, 369 00:24:32,560 --> 00:24:35,560 Speaker 1: because most companies don't have a clear picture of their finances, 370 00:24:35,840 --> 00:24:38,600 Speaker 1: and that is why many businesses fail. Question for any 371 00:24:38,600 --> 00:24:41,520 Speaker 1: business owner out there is, are you confident that you 372 00:24:41,640 --> 00:24:45,399 Speaker 1: get the right numbers of your fingertips? 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Set up your free demo and get 383 00:25:22,520 --> 00:25:26,359 Speaker 1: your free guide today at NetSuite dot com slash newt. 384 00:25:26,880 --> 00:25:45,360 Speaker 1: That's NetSuite dot com slashnut. One of the most famous 385 00:25:45,400 --> 00:25:50,879 Speaker 1: paintings to celebrate Thanksgiving was Norman Rockwell's Freedom from Want, 386 00:25:51,200 --> 00:25:53,399 Speaker 1: which was the third of the four Freedom series of 387 00:25:53,440 --> 00:25:57,320 Speaker 1: oil paintings, which were inspired by Roosevelt's nineteen forty one 388 00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:01,560 Speaker 1: Steady Union address. Why do you think that particular painting 389 00:26:01,960 --> 00:26:04,960 Speaker 1: has had such longevity and what does it tell us 390 00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,640 Speaker 1: about American culture? Tells us a couple of things. One 391 00:26:09,440 --> 00:26:12,920 Speaker 1: it tells us about the prosperity of America. You look 392 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:16,520 Speaker 1: at that picture which shows people around the Thanksgiving table 393 00:26:16,800 --> 00:26:21,439 Speaker 1: and Grandma is presenting an enormous turkey to the family. 394 00:26:21,560 --> 00:26:23,840 Speaker 1: She's about to set it on the table, and Grandpa's 395 00:26:23,840 --> 00:26:27,320 Speaker 1: going to carve it. The American people were creative enough 396 00:26:27,400 --> 00:26:31,480 Speaker 1: to create this vibrant economy that would produced such a meal. 397 00:26:31,880 --> 00:26:35,320 Speaker 1: And by the way, when that picture was on display 398 00:26:35,680 --> 00:26:39,480 Speaker 1: in the Soviet Union in the fifties or sixties. People 399 00:26:39,520 --> 00:26:42,560 Speaker 1: there thought it was an exaggeration, that it was not 400 00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:47,240 Speaker 1: possible to have a meal like this, and that it 401 00:26:47,320 --> 00:26:51,120 Speaker 1: was just American propaganda. Another thing the painting tells us 402 00:26:51,520 --> 00:26:55,320 Speaker 1: is it talks about American togetherness, the importance of family, 403 00:26:55,560 --> 00:26:59,880 Speaker 1: the fact that we have this tradition that can trace 404 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:04,160 Speaker 1: its origins back almost four hundred years. It's a statement 405 00:27:04,320 --> 00:27:06,800 Speaker 1: about that. It's a link to the past as well. 406 00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:09,879 Speaker 1: There are two images from the second half of the 407 00:27:09,960 --> 00:27:13,200 Speaker 1: nineteenth century about Thanksgiving that I think are just marvelous. 408 00:27:13,359 --> 00:27:17,200 Speaker 1: One is a very famous lithograph by Courier and Ives 409 00:27:17,200 --> 00:27:21,479 Speaker 1: titled Home to Thanksgiving, and it's a farm scene and 410 00:27:21,640 --> 00:27:27,480 Speaker 1: it shows a family arriving at the farmhouse. It's a 411 00:27:27,680 --> 00:27:31,040 Speaker 1: young family and the grandmother and the grandfather have come 412 00:27:31,080 --> 00:27:36,359 Speaker 1: out to greet them at someplace in New England unspecified. 413 00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:40,480 Speaker 1: And there is so much snow there, which is a 414 00:27:40,600 --> 00:27:45,680 Speaker 1: hoot because in the middle of the nineteenth century it 415 00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:47,920 Speaker 1: was the end of the Little Ice Age and there 416 00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:52,440 Speaker 1: was so much more snow on Thanksgiving than there typically 417 00:27:52,640 --> 00:27:55,199 Speaker 1: is today. We still get snow here in New England 418 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:59,480 Speaker 1: on Thanksgiving, but certainly not every year. And this painting 419 00:27:59,520 --> 00:28:02,480 Speaker 1: looks more like a New England Christmas today that it 420 00:28:02,520 --> 00:28:05,879 Speaker 1: does like a New England Thanksgiving. The second piece of 421 00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:10,120 Speaker 1: art that I think speaks volumes about the meaning of 422 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:17,080 Speaker 1: Thanksgiving is a cartoon titled Uncle Sam's Thanksgiving Dinner, and 423 00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:20,920 Speaker 1: it was published in eighteen sixty nine, and it shows 424 00:28:21,040 --> 00:28:26,240 Speaker 1: Uncle Sam presiding over a large Thanksgiving table. He's carving 425 00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:28,960 Speaker 1: the turkey, and then you start looking at the people 426 00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:32,440 Speaker 1: around the table, and they're from all parts of the world. 427 00:28:33,080 --> 00:28:37,840 Speaker 1: There is a Native American wearing a feather, there is 428 00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:41,280 Speaker 1: a Spanish woman wearing a mantilla on her head, a 429 00:28:41,400 --> 00:28:46,560 Speaker 1: Muslim man with a fez on his head, an African 430 00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:51,880 Speaker 1: American grouping, and a Chinese man with a long queue 431 00:28:51,880 --> 00:28:57,400 Speaker 1: down his back. And the idea of the cartoon is 432 00:28:57,480 --> 00:29:01,320 Speaker 1: that here we are all American having made it to 433 00:29:01,360 --> 00:29:05,840 Speaker 1: this country, and this is how we celebrate together. This 434 00:29:05,960 --> 00:29:09,600 Speaker 1: is an image of what the spirit of America is, 435 00:29:10,040 --> 00:29:13,800 Speaker 1: what the essence of America is. And the cartoonist, by 436 00:29:13,840 --> 00:29:17,080 Speaker 1: the way, was an immigrant from Germany. The cartoon also 437 00:29:17,200 --> 00:29:21,960 Speaker 1: carries a political message. There's a banner on one wall 438 00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:26,160 Speaker 1: that reads fifteenth Amendment, and it hangs over the portrait 439 00:29:26,280 --> 00:29:32,280 Speaker 1: of President Grant and the cartoonist Thomas Nast was by 440 00:29:32,720 --> 00:29:36,880 Speaker 1: putting this in his cartoon, he was endorsing the ratification 441 00:29:37,080 --> 00:29:42,080 Speaker 1: of a proposed constitutional amendment that would guarantee the voting 442 00:29:42,200 --> 00:29:46,520 Speaker 1: rights of all Americans, regardless of race. Just as all 443 00:29:46,520 --> 00:29:49,800 Speaker 1: Americans have a right to sit at the Thanksgiving table, 444 00:29:49,920 --> 00:29:53,080 Speaker 1: Nast was trying to say, they also have a right 445 00:29:53,120 --> 00:29:56,840 Speaker 1: to share in the full benefits of being a citizen, 446 00:29:57,040 --> 00:30:01,880 Speaker 1: including voting. Coming up next, what new immigrant high school 447 00:30:01,920 --> 00:30:06,040 Speaker 1: students can teach us about how our Thanksgiving tradition unites 448 00:30:06,120 --> 00:30:18,440 Speaker 1: us as Americans. I was delighted when the first sponsor 449 00:30:18,480 --> 00:30:23,160 Speaker 1: of Newts World was Oxford Gold Group. I love entrepreneurial 450 00:30:23,160 --> 00:30:26,000 Speaker 1: startups of people who are eager, willing to go out 451 00:30:26,040 --> 00:30:28,920 Speaker 1: and do new and different things. 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I was intrigued because you described teaching 485 00:32:34,880 --> 00:32:37,760 Speaker 1: at a recent immigrant high school where they all kind 486 00:32:37,840 --> 00:32:41,680 Speaker 1: of got it. What was that experience like, Oh, this 487 00:32:41,840 --> 00:32:44,720 Speaker 1: was a wonderful experience for me. I went to Newcomber's 488 00:32:44,800 --> 00:32:47,080 Speaker 1: High School in Queens, New York. That is in New 489 00:32:47,160 --> 00:32:50,120 Speaker 1: York City, and it's a high school for recent immigrants. 490 00:32:50,400 --> 00:32:53,360 Speaker 1: The day I was there to talk about Thanksgivings, there 491 00:32:53,400 --> 00:32:57,280 Speaker 1: were students from I think sixty countries, and they spoke 492 00:32:57,400 --> 00:33:00,920 Speaker 1: dozens of languages. They all were about to celebrate their 493 00:33:00,920 --> 00:33:05,600 Speaker 1: first or second Thanksgiving, and those kids had a better 494 00:33:05,720 --> 00:33:10,280 Speaker 1: understanding of the meaning of the holiday than some American kids, 495 00:33:10,320 --> 00:33:14,160 Speaker 1: I think. For example, when we were discussing the holiday, 496 00:33:14,200 --> 00:33:18,760 Speaker 1: a boy from Tibet spoke up. Now, Tibet has not 497 00:33:18,880 --> 00:33:23,200 Speaker 1: existed as a country since nineteen fifty, when China took 498 00:33:23,200 --> 00:33:26,920 Speaker 1: it over. He nonetheless talked about being from Tibet, where 499 00:33:26,920 --> 00:33:30,160 Speaker 1: he was not allowed to practice his religion, which was 500 00:33:30,560 --> 00:33:33,680 Speaker 1: the Buddhism of the Dalai Lama. So he said he 501 00:33:33,800 --> 00:33:35,960 Speaker 1: was like one of the Pilgrims. He came to this 502 00:33:36,080 --> 00:33:39,479 Speaker 1: country seeking religious freedom. And then a girl spoke up, 503 00:33:39,720 --> 00:33:42,520 Speaker 1: and she was from Egypt. She was a copt which 504 00:33:42,600 --> 00:33:46,200 Speaker 1: is an ancient form of Christianity, and she said that 505 00:33:46,560 --> 00:33:50,080 Speaker 1: her family came to America too, for freedom of religion. 506 00:33:50,760 --> 00:33:54,480 Speaker 1: Then some other kids started talking about how their families 507 00:33:54,680 --> 00:33:58,800 Speaker 1: came to America, the reasons that they came here. One 508 00:33:58,920 --> 00:34:01,960 Speaker 1: spoke about the father of the family had a better 509 00:34:02,120 --> 00:34:05,320 Speaker 1: job here and the family could live better here and 510 00:34:05,360 --> 00:34:09,640 Speaker 1: get better education. And this girl, too felt a kinship 511 00:34:09,960 --> 00:34:13,920 Speaker 1: with the pilgrims for that reason. They were all looking 512 00:34:13,960 --> 00:34:16,600 Speaker 1: forward to their first Thanksgiving, and for them it was 513 00:34:16,719 --> 00:34:19,960 Speaker 1: a rite of passage in becoming an American and in 514 00:34:20,239 --> 00:34:24,480 Speaker 1: becoming embedded in their new culture. I think that's true, 515 00:34:24,520 --> 00:34:27,600 Speaker 1: though it has been true since the waves of immigrants 516 00:34:27,719 --> 00:34:31,680 Speaker 1: began coming here in the mid nineteenth century. Does you 517 00:34:31,760 --> 00:34:34,319 Speaker 1: point out in the very total of your book Thanksgivings 518 00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:36,920 Speaker 1: one of the things that makes us different, and that 519 00:34:37,040 --> 00:34:40,759 Speaker 1: there is kind of an American uniqueness that Thanksgiving as 520 00:34:40,800 --> 00:34:43,440 Speaker 1: a piece of that. From your perspective, would that be 521 00:34:43,480 --> 00:34:47,000 Speaker 1: an accurate statement that you see Thanksgiving as a distinct 522 00:34:47,080 --> 00:34:49,960 Speaker 1: part of a tradition. It's different from what a lot 523 00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:53,840 Speaker 1: of other people have. Oh. Absolutely. The statement that I 524 00:34:53,880 --> 00:34:57,440 Speaker 1: think describes Thanksgiving best of all is won by the 525 00:34:57,719 --> 00:35:02,280 Speaker 1: late historian Samuel Elliott Morris, who in nineteen thirties wrote 526 00:35:02,320 --> 00:35:06,719 Speaker 1: that the Pilgrims are the spiritual ancestors of all Americans, 527 00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:11,160 Speaker 1: whatever their stock, race, or creed. And that is a 528 00:35:11,200 --> 00:35:14,440 Speaker 1: statement that should hold true today, but is increasingly being 529 00:35:14,719 --> 00:35:18,960 Speaker 1: questioned today as we become a lot more divisive and 530 00:35:19,120 --> 00:35:22,680 Speaker 1: there's a greater focus on what divides us rather than 531 00:35:22,719 --> 00:35:27,239 Speaker 1: what unites us. Thanksgiving helps to bring us together. Think 532 00:35:27,280 --> 00:35:32,000 Speaker 1: about gratitude to God and or gratitude if you don't. 533 00:35:32,719 --> 00:35:37,040 Speaker 1: But it's also a patriotic holiday in my view. It 534 00:35:37,280 --> 00:35:41,919 Speaker 1: links us to our past in our history where Thanksgiving 535 00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:45,960 Speaker 1: played a role and every person has a seat at 536 00:35:46,000 --> 00:35:51,239 Speaker 1: the Thanksgiving table. It also suggests American generosity. That's another 537 00:35:51,360 --> 00:35:55,759 Speaker 1: aspect of our national character that helps define us. I 538 00:35:55,800 --> 00:35:59,760 Speaker 1: think American generosity is most evident around Thanksgiving. It's become 539 00:35:59,800 --> 00:36:03,400 Speaker 1: the beginning of the Giving season. And it's not just money, 540 00:36:03,520 --> 00:36:08,520 Speaker 1: it's volunteerism. You think about the people who volunteer on 541 00:36:08,680 --> 00:36:13,120 Speaker 1: Thanksgiving Day or around Thanksgiving at homeless shelters or elsewhere. 542 00:36:13,680 --> 00:36:17,160 Speaker 1: Just about every American is included in the holiday, whether 543 00:36:17,400 --> 00:36:22,880 Speaker 1: they are soldiers stationed overseas, whether that's the homeless, people 544 00:36:22,960 --> 00:36:26,880 Speaker 1: look out for their fellow Americans on Thanksgiving. I really 545 00:36:27,160 --> 00:36:30,239 Speaker 1: appreciate your doing this well. Thank you, and let me 546 00:36:30,320 --> 00:36:33,160 Speaker 1: be the first to wish you in klosta happy Thanksgiving. 547 00:36:33,400 --> 00:36:38,959 Speaker 1: Oh well, thank you very much. I want to wish 548 00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:42,600 Speaker 1: you and your family a very happy Thanksgiving. Thank you 549 00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:45,960 Speaker 1: to my guest Melanie Kirkpatrick. You can read more about 550 00:36:45,960 --> 00:36:50,360 Speaker 1: the history of Thanksgiving and Melanie's book, Thanksgiving, The Holiday 551 00:36:50,360 --> 00:36:52,840 Speaker 1: at the Heart of the American Experience on our show 552 00:36:52,880 --> 00:36:56,839 Speaker 1: page at newtsworld dot com. Newts World is produced by 553 00:36:56,880 --> 00:37:00,920 Speaker 1: Westwood One. Our executive producer is deb B Myers and 554 00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:05,200 Speaker 1: our producer is Garnsey Sloan. Our editor is Robert Borowski, 555 00:37:05,560 --> 00:37:09,360 Speaker 1: and our researcher is Rachel Peterson. Our guest booker is 556 00:37:09,400 --> 00:37:12,880 Speaker 1: Tamara Coleman. The artwork for The show was created by 557 00:37:12,880 --> 00:37:17,480 Speaker 1: Steve Penley. The music was composed by Joey Salvier. Special 558 00:37:17,520 --> 00:37:20,640 Speaker 1: thanks to the the team at Gama Sweet sixty and Westwood Ones, 559 00:37:20,719 --> 00:37:24,759 Speaker 1: John Wardock and Robert Mathers. Please email me with your 560 00:37:24,800 --> 00:37:28,799 Speaker 1: comments at Newt at newtsworld dot com. If you've been 561 00:37:28,880 --> 00:37:31,520 Speaker 1: enjoying Newts World, I hope you'll go to Apple podcast 562 00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:34,480 Speaker 1: and both rate us with five stars and give us 563 00:37:34,480 --> 00:37:37,160 Speaker 1: a review so others can learn what it's all about. 564 00:37:41,840 --> 00:37:45,120 Speaker 1: On the next episode of Newtsworld, Lee Smith has just 565 00:37:45,200 --> 00:37:48,880 Speaker 1: written a powerful book, The Plot Against the President, The 566 00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:52,560 Speaker 1: true story of how Congressman Devin Nuna's uncovered the biggest 567 00:37:52,560 --> 00:37:55,799 Speaker 1: political scandal in US history. This is what the Clintons did. 568 00:37:55,960 --> 00:37:58,800 Speaker 1: This is how they did it. They got the SBI 569 00:37:58,960 --> 00:38:02,319 Speaker 1: to spy on the Trump campaign. I'm Newt Kangwich. This 570 00:38:02,520 --> 00:38:13,880 Speaker 1: is Newt's World, the Westwood One podcast Network.