WEBVTT - CZM Rewind: Part One: How Cigarettes Invented Everything 0:00:01.720 --> 0:00:02.880 Also media. 0:00:05.200 --> 0:00:09.440 Hey everybody, Robert here, just introducing we've got another rerun. 0:00:09.880 --> 0:00:11.280 This is the first time we've done two weeks in 0:00:11.280 --> 0:00:14.000 a row. Normally we just do one week at the 0:00:14.080 --> 0:00:16.520 end of the year. But all of the other shows 0:00:16.560 --> 0:00:18.479 on our network and most of the other shows that 0:00:18.520 --> 0:00:22.680 I know in podcasting take off two weeks. And Sophie 0:00:22.840 --> 0:00:25.280 was like, hey, Robert, why don't you actually take off 0:00:25.280 --> 0:00:28.920 two weeks instead of cramming during your vacation to write 0:00:28.960 --> 0:00:31.920 another podcast so that we don't fall behind. And I 0:00:31.960 --> 0:00:34.680 was like, you know what, Sophie, that's a pretty good idea. 0:00:35.400 --> 0:00:39.320 So anyway, that's what we're doing. Enjoy this episode on 0:00:39.560 --> 0:00:49.760 how cigarettes invented Everything. Oh, welcome once again to Behind 0:00:49.800 --> 0:00:55.240 the Bastards, the only podcast where the host regularly says 0:00:55.480 --> 0:01:01.000 that his show is cash money. I'm I'm Robert Evans 0:01:01.120 --> 0:01:04.240 here to talk with you about bad people. Sophie Lichtman 0:01:04.360 --> 0:01:06.080 seems very unhappy, which is not. 0:01:06.959 --> 0:01:09.600 I just have extreme secondhand embarrassment. 0:01:10.120 --> 0:01:13.480 Well that's too bad, Sophie, because I'm bringing it back, bringing. 0:01:13.280 --> 0:01:17.240 Back the phrase, as you know, everything you do reflects 0:01:17.280 --> 0:01:20.600 on me for some god forsaken reason. I know, I know, 0:01:20.640 --> 0:01:24.200 and that is not very cash money of you, Robert. 0:01:24.640 --> 0:01:27.320 I think it's extremely cash money of me. But here 0:01:27.319 --> 0:01:31.200 to be the tie breaking vote is James Stout. Now, James, 0:01:32.040 --> 0:01:34.640 you're British, so so the phrase cash money may not 0:01:34.760 --> 0:01:38.000 mean much to you in your language. I would say 0:01:38.040 --> 0:01:43.000 it's drawings of an elderly man who's never worked today 0:01:43.040 --> 0:01:43.560 in his life. 0:01:44.800 --> 0:01:46.560 Yeah it is now is now. 0:01:46.840 --> 0:01:49.120 Cash money has very little value when it's tied to 0:01:49.160 --> 0:01:52.680 the life expectancy of an inbred old person with sausage fingers. 0:01:54.520 --> 0:01:58.240 I thought a bunch of different ways of describing the 0:01:58.280 --> 0:02:01.960 new bills with King Charles on them. Part of me 0:02:02.000 --> 0:02:04.960 wanted to make a reference to the weird sexts that 0:02:05.120 --> 0:02:07.640 got leaked of him and Camillah I made. I made 0:02:07.680 --> 0:02:10.919 an ethical decision that even the King of England deserves 0:02:10.960 --> 0:02:13.000 to have his set be private. 0:02:13.760 --> 0:02:16.400 I just like, don't need nobody. 0:02:16.080 --> 0:02:21.639 Needed, Okay, just you don't want to think about him 0:02:21.680 --> 0:02:24.560 sneaking outside and what was it like getting his pajamas 0:02:24.600 --> 0:02:26.760 dirty and having his valet clean them. 0:02:26.840 --> 0:02:27.120 Yeah? 0:02:27.280 --> 0:02:30.320 That and his he's got some he's got a very 0:02:30.320 --> 0:02:38.639 specific kink okay, yeah, yeah, as well as William Yeah, okay, little. 0:02:38.639 --> 0:02:41.000 Is this kink murdering his first wife. 0:02:41.400 --> 0:02:44.320 No, it's it's it's a tampon thing. 0:02:46.480 --> 0:02:49.720 Yeah, not expected. 0:02:49.880 --> 0:02:53.160 Yeah, we we know far too much about what Charles 0:02:53.240 --> 0:02:57.679 has been sending my heart breaking him out. I would say, 0:02:57.720 --> 0:03:00.480 don't don't google it. Look, I'm telling you the truth, 0:03:00.520 --> 0:03:06.000 but don't google this. Okay, hey, my heart anyway, So 0:03:06.040 --> 0:03:08.880 I just broke my promise right there not to not 0:03:09.000 --> 0:03:12.880 to laugh at the King of England's sexual escapades. James, 0:03:13.720 --> 0:03:17.000 how do you feel about cigarettes? Oh? 0:03:17.520 --> 0:03:22.239 I think I wasn't expecting that kind of ambiguous. I guess. 0:03:23.240 --> 0:03:26.639 Yeah, a lot of the bad things happened because people 0:03:26.919 --> 0:03:30.240 like to smoke cigarettes. A lot of people like to 0:03:30.760 --> 0:03:34.640 get really really up in other people's business about smoking cigarettes. 0:03:35.000 --> 0:03:35.920 It's a difficult one. 0:03:36.320 --> 0:03:39.520 I I have the same difficulty because on one hand, 0:03:39.600 --> 0:03:44.080 I'm kind of constitutionally anti prohibition, Like I don't think 0:03:44.240 --> 0:03:47.000 things should be illegal or illegal. I don't think the 0:03:47.000 --> 0:03:49.800 government should stop people from doing stuff just because it's 0:03:49.840 --> 0:03:53.640 bad for their health. And I also see cultural value 0:03:53.640 --> 0:03:56.280 to an extent in cigarettes. I've had some memorable there's 0:03:56.520 --> 0:03:59.760 I tend to believe that every single drug, even the 0:03:59.840 --> 0:04:03.320 one that we call bad drugs, has an ideal use 0:04:03.400 --> 0:04:05.920 case where it is is a societal good for the 0:04:06.000 --> 0:04:09.360 drug to be available, and for cigarettes, that good is 0:04:09.360 --> 0:04:11.680 when someone has just tried to kill you. There's a 0:04:11.800 --> 0:04:15.680 there's nothing like a cigarette someone tried to kill or hurt. 0:04:15.520 --> 0:04:18.520 You, which is why they're so valued about outside of 0:04:18.560 --> 0:04:20.680 British nightclub Yeah, exactly. 0:04:21.880 --> 0:04:24.000 You never know when a bottle's coming for your fucking 0:04:24.080 --> 0:04:27.640 temple there, you don't. Yeah, that's it, you know, I 0:04:27.640 --> 0:04:30.200 I but I get it, like it's one of those things. 0:04:30.760 --> 0:04:33.719 The there was a need for a period of time 0:04:33.920 --> 0:04:38.440 where we attacked and demonized, particularly the tobacco industry, because 0:04:38.720 --> 0:04:41.920 they lied to everybody about the health risks of cigarettes 0:04:41.960 --> 0:04:45.000 in a way that that caused that cost more lives 0:04:45.000 --> 0:04:47.960 maybe than all of the wars in the last century. 0:04:48.600 --> 0:04:53.599 It's kind of an unbelievable body count. That said, I 0:04:53.600 --> 0:04:57.400 think today people throw down too much against smokers, and 0:04:57.760 --> 0:04:59.880 maybe there's maybe maybe we shouldn't be quite so s 0:05:00.320 --> 0:05:02.760 to people who just happen to smoke cigarettes. But what 0:05:02.839 --> 0:05:06.440 I wanted to talk about this week is fucking the 0:05:06.640 --> 0:05:10.000 history of cigarettes, because as I dug into this, I 0:05:10.040 --> 0:05:12.279 was initially planning just to do an episode on Big 0:05:12.320 --> 0:05:17.040 tobacco and how they hid the health harms of cigarettes, 0:05:17.440 --> 0:05:19.640 and we will do those episodes. We're going to talk 0:05:19.680 --> 0:05:21.920 about that. Some of these we will do dedicated episodes 0:05:21.960 --> 0:05:24.600 on those. But as I got into the research, I 0:05:24.680 --> 0:05:27.880 was continually amazed by the extent to which cigarettes are 0:05:28.080 --> 0:05:31.400 responsible for most of like the things that we consider 0:05:31.440 --> 0:05:36.000 the modern world. It's like the cigarettes in order to 0:05:36.080 --> 0:05:39.000 get people to smoke, the tobacco industry had to invent 0:05:39.200 --> 0:05:43.560 modern civilizations. And that's that's a fascinating story and I 0:05:43.600 --> 0:05:44.880 just want to talk about it. It's one of those 0:05:44.880 --> 0:05:47.919 we're getting behind a bastard at this point, you know, 0:05:47.960 --> 0:05:50.919 when we're talking about the eighteen hundreds up through like 0:05:51.000 --> 0:05:53.480 the middle of the twentieth century. You're not a bad 0:05:53.520 --> 0:05:56.359 person for necessarily for trying to get people to smoke, 0:05:56.400 --> 0:05:59.760 because if it's nineteen oh five, number one, cigarettes not 0:05:59.839 --> 0:06:03.360 a massive risk above like walking outside your door, you know. 0:06:04.120 --> 0:06:05.559 But also you just don't have good data. 0:06:05.640 --> 0:06:09.640 So yeah, the ambient level of smoking is pretty high 0:06:09.680 --> 0:06:11.159 just from existing in any urban. 0:06:11.000 --> 0:06:14.760 Ama, just from being around. We'll talk about that a bit, 0:06:14.760 --> 0:06:18.039 but first we have to do some prehistory. Now, we 0:06:18.080 --> 0:06:21.280 don't know exactly when the first human beings started smoking 0:06:21.839 --> 0:06:24.240 or otherwise ingesting tobacco for the first time, because there's 0:06:24.240 --> 0:06:28.000 a good chance the earliest tobacco users were not smoking it. 0:06:29.080 --> 0:06:33.320 But we're broadly speaking, I mean, and there's debate about 0:06:33.320 --> 0:06:37.200 this too, but archaeologists can confirm that by at latest 0:06:37.360 --> 0:06:41.320 the first century BC, the Maya people of Central America 0:06:41.400 --> 0:06:44.120 were using tobacco as a part of their religious rituals, 0:06:44.480 --> 0:06:47.600 and they were both smoking it and like inhaling it 0:06:48.120 --> 0:06:50.080 in kind of a similar way to snuff. Right, you 0:06:50.120 --> 0:06:54.760 can snort tobacco if it's ground. Finally enough, they probably 0:06:54.839 --> 0:06:57.920 also chewed it. There were a couple of different devices 0:06:57.960 --> 0:07:01.560 they had for smoking it. Next, we will never know 0:07:01.640 --> 0:07:03.599 which was like the first, right, like we just know 0:07:03.720 --> 0:07:06.360 which ones. We kind of have written records of early yes, 0:07:06.440 --> 0:07:08.440 but a lot of those written records come from Europeans, 0:07:08.480 --> 0:07:11.120 so obviously that's a long time after they would have 0:07:11.120 --> 0:07:15.800 started using them. But and again there's even some debate 0:07:15.800 --> 0:07:17.400 as to like, well, we're the Maya the first people 0:07:17.440 --> 0:07:20.240 who are cultivating tobacco, and probably the answer to that 0:07:20.320 --> 0:07:23.520 is no, But we certainly know the Maya we're cultivating 0:07:23.520 --> 0:07:26.760 tobacco in the first century BC, and It spread from 0:07:26.840 --> 0:07:30.240 Central America to the Mississippi Valley and beyond and was 0:07:30.320 --> 0:07:33.320 quickly adopted by neighboring peoples from like four hundred to 0:07:33.360 --> 0:07:35.760 seven hundred a d is when you see most of 0:07:35.760 --> 0:07:37.640 this spread, and it makes it all the way out 0:07:37.640 --> 0:07:38.640 to the fucking Caribbean. 0:07:39.320 --> 0:07:42.560 Oh yeah, that's where Columbus runs into it at first, right. 0:07:42.880 --> 0:07:44.920 That is exactly the next thing that happens in this 0:07:44.960 --> 0:07:49.440 episode of James Christopher Goddamn. Columbus becomes the first European 0:07:49.520 --> 0:07:52.640 to encounter tobacco, which was being smoked by the natives 0:07:52.640 --> 0:07:55.960 of Hispaniola which is modern day Haiti and the Dominican Republic, 0:07:56.320 --> 0:08:00.520 via a weird two pronged nosepipe. So they would smoke it, 0:08:00.560 --> 0:08:03.120 but they would like inhale it through this pipe that like. 0:08:03.960 --> 0:08:05.360 No snokel kind of situation. 0:08:05.680 --> 0:08:07.200 Yeah, it looks a little bit. It looks a little 0:08:07.200 --> 0:08:10.880 bit like a canula. Okay, yeah, like a nasal canula. 0:08:11.080 --> 0:08:11.600 Interesting. 0:08:11.960 --> 0:08:14.239 I made for my book A Brief History of Vice. 0:08:14.280 --> 0:08:17.239 I recreated these pipes as best I could. I wound 0:08:17.320 --> 0:08:19.520 up actually using the stock of dry like the dried 0:08:19.600 --> 0:08:22.120 stock of marijuana plants, because it's hollow and so I 0:08:22.160 --> 0:08:23.880 just had to kind of find wybins that were the 0:08:23.960 --> 0:08:27.080 right shape. That's obviously. I don't think what they would 0:08:27.120 --> 0:08:29.280 have used. I don't know what they plant they would 0:08:29.320 --> 0:08:32.040 have used for it, But you do get pretty fucked 0:08:32.080 --> 0:08:38.680 up when you smoke raw nicotine rustica through directly into 0:08:38.720 --> 0:08:40.040 your mucous membrane. 0:08:40.280 --> 0:08:42.360 Yeah, I can see that one being pretty rough on 0:08:42.400 --> 0:08:44.120 the old excituses as well. 0:08:44.240 --> 0:08:47.520 I would not. It's one of those things you have 0:08:47.600 --> 0:08:50.360 to divorce kind of you're thinking about tobacco in this 0:08:50.440 --> 0:08:54.000 period from modern day because it's not number one, most 0:08:54.040 --> 0:08:56.800 people smoking it. This is not an habitual thing for them. 0:08:56.840 --> 0:08:58.120 It's a ritual thing for them. 0:08:58.160 --> 0:08:58.559 Right. 0:08:59.080 --> 0:09:02.200 There are people, certainly by the time Columbus as Hispaniola, 0:09:02.240 --> 0:09:04.680 who seem to just do it recreationally. But for the 0:09:04.720 --> 0:09:07.440 most part, most people's encounters with tobacco is probably in 0:09:07.520 --> 0:09:11.640 like a very kind of fairly strict ritual sense. 0:09:12.280 --> 0:09:12.400 Uh. 0:09:13.080 --> 0:09:16.720 And also it's pretty uncommon to have like a habit. 0:09:17.080 --> 0:09:19.160 Even the people who would be heavy smokers, I doubt 0:09:19.200 --> 0:09:20.920 are smoking more than the equivalent of a couple of 0:09:20.960 --> 0:09:23.920 cigarettes in a day, in part because it's kind of 0:09:23.960 --> 0:09:27.440 hard to when you're smoking at them but yes, right. 0:09:27.400 --> 0:09:29.439 Yeah, there's a lot of work that I imagine goes 0:09:29.480 --> 0:09:32.920 into producing a nose cigarette, from growing the tobacco. 0:09:33.120 --> 0:09:35.560 Dry and get out and yeah. 0:09:35.400 --> 0:09:38.520 Yeah, that's a lot of work. And you also, you 0:09:38.559 --> 0:09:41.520 can't smoke just when you when you want to fix 0:09:41.800 --> 0:09:45.040 because you don't have lighters, you don't have matches, right 0:09:45.120 --> 0:09:48.600 like fire. Obviously, the people who are living, you know, 0:09:48.760 --> 0:09:51.360 in these places are a lot better at starting fires 0:09:51.400 --> 0:09:53.640 than most people in the modern world are, but it's 0:09:53.640 --> 0:09:55.680 still not nearly as easy, right, Like you're not going 0:09:55.760 --> 0:09:57.360 to just make a fire because you want like a 0:09:57.400 --> 0:09:58.560 fucking smoke in the. 0:09:58.720 --> 0:10:02.280 Like yeah fire, drill out, get a piece of word out, 0:10:02.640 --> 0:10:03.120 rub it up. 0:10:03.040 --> 0:10:03.640 At the idea. 0:10:03.920 --> 0:10:06.320 So again, smoking, even when it's not like for a 0:10:06.360 --> 0:10:10.080 religious purpose, it's probably broadly like okay, it's meal time 0:10:10.120 --> 0:10:12.240 and we'll smoke after the meal, right, or like we'll 0:10:12.240 --> 0:10:14.320 smoke before them because we've we've got the fire going, 0:10:14.400 --> 0:10:16.480 or it's nighttime, we're cooling down, we've got the fire going, 0:10:16.520 --> 0:10:20.440 you know, now we can smoke tonight, Like generally, that's 0:10:20.480 --> 0:10:24.679 probably how it would have gone when Columbus winds up, 0:10:24.760 --> 0:10:27.040 you know, meeting these people in fourteen ninety two and 0:10:27.120 --> 0:10:29.320 watching them smoke. They actually hand him tobacco and he 0:10:29.360 --> 0:10:31.640 doesn't know what to do with it until he watches 0:10:31.679 --> 0:10:34.640 them smoke it, and he sees he encounters a couple 0:10:34.679 --> 0:10:37.000 of different methods. He sees the nose pipes. He also 0:10:37.080 --> 0:10:41.040 sees people wrapping tobacco leaves with corn husks, which is 0:10:41.240 --> 0:10:43.120 probably the first cigarettes and hills. 0:10:43.640 --> 0:10:43.840 Yeah. 0:10:43.960 --> 0:10:47.800 Yeah, It's also worth noting that over in Cuba people 0:10:47.840 --> 0:10:50.960 would wrap their tobacco in tobacco leafs, so they were 0:10:51.280 --> 0:10:55.400 again like hundreds and hundreds of years ago, smoking cigars 0:10:55.400 --> 0:10:59.520 and cubea. That actually goes back really fucking far. It 0:10:59.720 --> 0:11:02.120 probably more than a thousand years people have been smoking 0:11:02.240 --> 0:11:04.760 something broadly similar to a cigar in that. 0:11:04.920 --> 0:11:05.640 That's pretty cool. 0:11:06.120 --> 0:11:08.160 It is kind of neat, right, I enjoy it. 0:11:08.240 --> 0:11:09.280 Yeah. Yeah. 0:11:09.280 --> 0:11:11.520 There are many things that we consume, I guess, you know, 0:11:11.600 --> 0:11:13.480 sometimes we eat freese, vegetables and stuff, but it's not 0:11:13.559 --> 0:11:17.320 much that we consume that people consumed a thousand years ago, 0:11:18.040 --> 0:11:20.360 and it made in a pretty similar fashion. Right, Like 0:11:20.880 --> 0:11:23.200 I've been to a Cuban cigar factory. Lisi is still 0:11:23.200 --> 0:11:24.120 like rolled by hand. 0:11:24.440 --> 0:11:26.280 We're going to talk about that a lot in these episodes, 0:11:26.320 --> 0:11:31.200 but yeah, they they obviously different techniques have become popular 0:11:31.200 --> 0:11:33.240 over time, and you get better at it the way 0:11:33.280 --> 0:11:35.800 you get it anything. I'm sure modern cigars are much 0:11:35.880 --> 0:11:39.400 tighter and you know, together better than cigars in fourteen 0:11:39.520 --> 0:11:42.800 ninety two did. But broadly speaking, like part I mean, 0:11:43.200 --> 0:11:46.080 like I'm a cigar smoker, I tend to think Cuban 0:11:46.160 --> 0:11:48.160 cigars are the best. 0:11:49.360 --> 0:11:52.439 I like to yeah, throughout the tragic that the cultural 0:11:52.440 --> 0:11:55.600 inheritance of that today it's like guys who think that 0:11:55.600 --> 0:11:57.040 they should enjoy a cigar. 0:11:56.800 --> 0:11:58.240 The entire Republican party. 0:11:58.640 --> 0:12:02.520 Yeah, yeah, like Ben Shapiro and friends pretending to perform 0:12:02.640 --> 0:12:05.240 masculinity and then like going off to coffin be sick. 0:12:05.679 --> 0:12:08.320 Yeah, I mean it's it's a bummer they are. You know, 0:12:08.400 --> 0:12:12.240 I'm not a I tend to like I've tried to 0:12:12.280 --> 0:12:14.680 read a cigar afishing out on magazine once and it 0:12:14.720 --> 0:12:17.400 had too many It had too many made up words. 0:12:17.679 --> 0:12:21.120 They use words, and it's not like like liquor, you 0:12:21.120 --> 0:12:24.040 know Number one liquor actually does like oh, sometimes you 0:12:24.080 --> 0:12:25.960 get a bourbon, I'm like, oh this this almost tastes 0:12:26.000 --> 0:12:27.880 more like a coffee, or there's like this this one's 0:12:27.880 --> 0:12:30.839 sweeter and it's got this like rich body fucking like 0:12:31.520 --> 0:12:34.400 cigars are smooth or not, but like I don't know, 0:12:34.440 --> 0:12:36.000 I'll read them. They'll be like, oh and when you 0:12:36.280 --> 0:12:38.360 on the on the retro hail, you get this like 0:12:38.480 --> 0:12:41.000 taste of orange and juniper, And I'm like, no, you 0:12:41.120 --> 0:12:45.320 fucking don't. There's no juniper in this fucking cigar. What 0:12:45.480 --> 0:12:54.040 is wrong with you? People? Go to hell consumption, It's unreal. 0:12:54.120 --> 0:12:56.959 The most pretentious thing that you can that you can 0:12:57.000 --> 0:13:01.400 do is be a cigar efficient on cigar. Yeah, unreal. 0:13:01.520 --> 0:13:06.600 Just smoke, Just kill yourself slowly. It's fine anyway. That's 0:13:06.640 --> 0:13:08.959 kind of cute. Cool that Cubans have been making cigars 0:13:08.960 --> 0:13:13.000 for hundreds and hundreds of years now. There were like, 0:13:13.080 --> 0:13:16.080 as I said, the way that people most often use 0:13:16.160 --> 0:13:18.600 tobacco in the Americas was in religious rights. And when 0:13:18.600 --> 0:13:21.280 I'm taught, they're not just like smoking to get that 0:13:21.400 --> 0:13:24.520 kind of little buzz you get from tobacco. The way 0:13:24.559 --> 0:13:26.880 in which most of these indigenous groups would have used 0:13:26.880 --> 0:13:30.320 tobacco was as a psychotropic right, like they are like 0:13:30.480 --> 0:13:34.559 basically tripping on this stuff. Oh wow, Okay, Tobacco can 0:13:34.880 --> 0:13:38.760 can cause hallucinations. And high enough doses. It's a it's 0:13:38.800 --> 0:13:41.560 a powerful mind altering drug when you are taking like 0:13:41.920 --> 0:13:45.800 massive quantities. Yeah, and they were number one. The tobacco 0:13:45.840 --> 0:13:48.520 they're smoking is different than the tobacco that we cultivate. 0:13:48.559 --> 0:13:50.920 It's a lot stronger, and the way they're doing it 0:13:51.000 --> 0:13:52.719 is different. So one of the most common ways that 0:13:52.760 --> 0:13:55.720 people would take tobacco in a ritual setting is the 0:13:55.840 --> 0:13:58.360 chief or kind of religious there's a bunch of different 0:13:58.440 --> 0:14:01.600 terms for local sort of religious and political leaders and whatnot. 0:14:01.880 --> 0:14:05.120 But that dude would inhale a bunch of smoke straight 0:14:05.200 --> 0:14:08.439 up raw from like a burning like hunk of tobacco, 0:14:08.840 --> 0:14:11.400 and then he would basically shotgun it into the mouths 0:14:11.559 --> 0:14:16.480 of the people participating in it. And obviously you're getting 0:14:16.520 --> 0:14:18.280 a lot of smoke that way, like you're gonna get 0:14:18.280 --> 0:14:22.760 pretty messy up. But and it's again, you know, it's 0:14:22.800 --> 0:14:25.000 as silly as this is probably not all that bad 0:14:25.040 --> 0:14:27.400 for you when you consider everything people are doing in 0:14:27.440 --> 0:14:29.680 a thousand a d or whatever. Right, Like, if you 0:14:29.720 --> 0:14:32.200 if a couple of times a year you're shot gunning 0:14:32.240 --> 0:14:34.160 some tobacco, that's not going to be what kills you. 0:14:34.720 --> 0:14:37.040 Yeah, your life expectancy isn't long enough. 0:14:36.880 --> 0:14:38.520 For that to be the thing that kills you in 0:14:38.520 --> 0:14:42.040 most cases, right, Yeah, yeah, one of the other thousand 0:14:42.080 --> 0:14:44.520 things that's going to kill you that we've eliminated now 0:14:44.600 --> 0:14:45.280 is going to kill you. 0:14:45.640 --> 0:14:47.480 Yeah. And it's also worth noting that there were a 0:14:47.560 --> 0:14:50.880 number of health uses of tobacco. It was probably the 0:14:51.000 --> 0:14:55.720 first effective insect repellent. One of those combinations of it 0:14:55.800 --> 0:14:57.640 was to just rub it all over your skin because 0:14:57.680 --> 0:15:01.320 tobacco's coated in an oil like that is. Bugs don't 0:15:01.440 --> 0:15:04.760 it kills bugs like? They don't, They don't like I mean, 0:15:04.800 --> 0:15:07.400 obviously there are specific bugs that do feed on tobacco, 0:15:07.480 --> 0:15:09.280 but for the most part, it keeps insects away. So 0:15:09.280 --> 0:15:11.920 people would ub it on themselves that or they would 0:15:11.920 --> 0:15:14.120 also bathe in the smoke before like going in and 0:15:14.200 --> 0:15:16.000 hunting in the bush and stuff, in order to keep 0:15:16.080 --> 0:15:18.880 bugs off of them. It could work as a tranquilizer. 0:15:19.000 --> 0:15:21.840 It was used to help put people to sleep. One 0:15:21.840 --> 0:15:23.640 of the things that I tried for my book was 0:15:23.720 --> 0:15:27.560 mixing it with urine and garlic in order to create 0:15:28.480 --> 0:15:31.000 an emetic and like a constipation remedy, and it does 0:15:31.040 --> 0:15:35.040 work for that. I don't recommend following that up, but 0:15:35.280 --> 0:15:39.000 it does do what it says it was also so 0:15:39.040 --> 0:15:41.440 there were a number of uses for Native Americans of 0:15:41.480 --> 0:15:44.400 tobacco that absolutely work in a medical context. There were 0:15:44.400 --> 0:15:47.080 also some that did not. For example, it was often 0:15:47.080 --> 0:15:49.880 given to people as a treatment for asthma. Tobacco does 0:15:49.960 --> 0:15:51.840 not help with asthma. 0:15:52.040 --> 0:15:59.560 Yeah you don't, but yeah, that's not a thing that 0:15:59.600 --> 0:16:02.960 when like it's just you know, that's where not like 0:16:03.000 --> 0:16:07.520 that historically separated from people smoking to clear the lungs. 0:16:07.200 --> 0:16:09.840 Right exactly. And it's also some of the time, a 0:16:09.880 --> 0:16:11.840 lot of the times when these indigenous people would have 0:16:11.920 --> 0:16:15.280 been taking tobacco to clear up their asthma, it might 0:16:15.320 --> 0:16:17.040 not have been smoked as often as it was like 0:16:17.080 --> 0:16:19.880 taken as a tea. And this can also be toxic. 0:16:20.000 --> 0:16:23.600 People die. One of the things like ayahuasca ceremonies are 0:16:23.720 --> 0:16:26.080 very famous in the West. Now, one of the things 0:16:26.080 --> 0:16:29.200 that some groups do in their ceremonies is they precede 0:16:29.240 --> 0:16:31.960 the ayahuasca with the tobacco tea. And there's a couple 0:16:31.960 --> 0:16:34.840 of cases of people dying in ayahuasca ceremonies. Now, I 0:16:34.880 --> 0:16:37.360 don't know if that's because the tea is just always 0:16:37.440 --> 0:16:40.600 dangerous or because these specific folks that were doing it 0:16:40.640 --> 0:16:42.400 were kind of like grifters and didn't know what they 0:16:42.440 --> 0:16:45.360 were doing, weren't actually doing it the traditional way. I'm 0:16:45.400 --> 0:16:49.080 not sure if that information exists properly, but this is 0:16:49.080 --> 0:16:51.160 another way people would take it as a tea, which 0:16:51.200 --> 0:16:53.880 don't don't take tobacco. It's actually pretty easy to kill 0:16:53.920 --> 0:16:56.920 yourself by ingesting tobacco. Please don't do that. 0:16:57.280 --> 0:17:00.360 Yeah, I know every now and again, like a pet 0:17:00.400 --> 0:17:01.800 will eat a bunch of cigarettes. 0:17:01.880 --> 0:17:03.200 Yeah, and and kill. 0:17:03.080 --> 0:17:07.119 The shit out of you. It's extremely deadly tobacco. But 0:17:07.280 --> 0:17:10.080 you know, interesting plant. So the Portuguese were the first 0:17:10.119 --> 0:17:13.639 Europeans to begin cultivating tobacco for export to Europe. In 0:17:13.720 --> 0:17:16.600 fifteen sixty four, a Royal Navy captain brought the leaf 0:17:16.640 --> 0:17:19.920 to Ingoland, and despite early opposition from people who considered 0:17:19.920 --> 0:17:23.000 it a filthy, foul drug for foreigners, it took off 0:17:23.040 --> 0:17:24.359 their like wildfire. 0:17:25.920 --> 0:17:28.480 Yeah, I just love that. Like the immediate British or 0:17:28.520 --> 0:17:29.880 English response. 0:17:29.600 --> 0:17:33.080 Was just like to start was then a phobia and 0:17:33.119 --> 0:17:35.080 then move along from there and work out of this 0:17:35.440 --> 0:17:37.160 what drug is going to have become a pitcher part 0:17:37.200 --> 0:17:38.160 of all of our lives? 0:17:38.440 --> 0:17:42.480 And in Europe. In the UK, the story with tobacco 0:17:42.560 --> 0:17:44.480 was similar to the story with coffee, and that a 0:17:44.480 --> 0:17:46.919 bunch of like weirdo Christians are like, this is a 0:17:46.960 --> 0:17:50.000 heathen drug, we shouldn't do it. And then some king 0:17:50.200 --> 0:17:52.439 will like pick up a cigarette or drink some coffee 0:17:52.440 --> 0:17:54.880 and be like, oh, yeah, this shit's actually pretty dope. 0:17:55.080 --> 0:17:56.880 You know what, I think. We're fine with tobacco. 0:17:57.880 --> 0:17:58.600 Yeah. 0:17:58.680 --> 0:18:01.119 In coffee's case was literally Pope being like, oh, this 0:18:01.160 --> 0:18:03.240 stuff rules, you know what. I'm just gonna baptize it. 0:18:03.520 --> 0:18:05.840 Just gonna baptize coffee now Christians can have it. 0:18:06.480 --> 0:18:09.000 And then God changed his mind just like that. Yeah, 0:18:09.359 --> 0:18:12.000 omnip being amazing stuff. 0:18:12.359 --> 0:18:14.520 It would be I would give a lot of kudos 0:18:14.520 --> 0:18:17.119 to the Pope if he just baptized marijuana so that 0:18:17.200 --> 0:18:19.720 Catholics could sue the federal government for restricting it. 0:18:20.800 --> 0:18:22.880 Just imagining him doing fentanyl, like. 0:18:24.480 --> 0:18:27.000 The Pope bless ues fitnyl to protect the kids. 0:18:27.160 --> 0:18:28.840 Yuck, he's dropped it in the. 0:18:28.760 --> 0:18:33.639 Fund to God says, this ship's red. You baby is 0:18:33.720 --> 0:18:37.600 going to have a rough one. Now put some fitanyl 0:18:37.600 --> 0:18:40.480 in the baptismal fought. Yeah, no, you're gonna want to 0:18:40.520 --> 0:18:43.200 give them some narcan, they're not gonna have a good time. 0:18:43.760 --> 0:18:47.520 Yeah, that's what we call it the narth acts because 0:18:49.000 --> 0:18:51.960 that was a that was a church joke for you 0:18:51.960 --> 0:18:56.040 you kids anyway, Uh yeah, yeah. 0:18:56.080 --> 0:18:59.960 So the English start smoking tobacco. Uh it gets cold 0:19:00.000 --> 0:19:03.119 ctivated in the Jamestown settlement in the seventeenth century, and 0:19:03.119 --> 0:19:05.880 by the seventeen thirties, the English colonies in the Virginia 0:19:06.200 --> 0:19:10.040 had tobacco factories that were manufacturing significant quantities of the stuff, 0:19:10.320 --> 0:19:13.199 mostly as snuff, which was either inhaled or shoot. That 0:19:13.320 --> 0:19:17.280 is the predominant way to consume tobacco in the kind 0:19:17.320 --> 0:19:20.240 of the early period of colonization of the Americas. 0:19:21.720 --> 0:19:23.840 Was it like because you see pictures of them sometimes 0:19:23.840 --> 0:19:26.400 and they got the old timey pipe, right, the long 0:19:26.440 --> 0:19:28.040 pipe with a little bowlp yep. 0:19:28.600 --> 0:19:30.040 Yeah. Is that like a class thing? 0:19:30.200 --> 0:19:32.639 Is that like I can afford to have a pipe 0:19:32.640 --> 0:19:33.879 in your conus? 0:19:34.119 --> 0:19:38.320 Some of its class cigars are generally like more expensive. 0:19:39.200 --> 0:19:41.920 Snuff is very cheap. The other thing though, is that 0:19:42.359 --> 0:19:45.560 again not easy to get access to stuff to light 0:19:45.560 --> 0:19:48.000 a pipe or to light a cigar. So if you're 0:19:48.000 --> 0:19:50.040 smoking a pipe or a cigar, you're probably in your 0:19:50.040 --> 0:19:52.240 home right, so you know, the beginning of the day 0:19:52.359 --> 0:19:54.040 or the end of the day, or maybe in like 0:19:54.080 --> 0:19:56.520 the midday or for a meal, you could have a smoke, 0:19:56.800 --> 0:19:59.080 but it's not convenient. You can't just light a pipe 0:19:59.080 --> 0:20:00.600 when you're out in the field because like you don't 0:20:00.600 --> 0:20:02.280 just have a thing that's on fire with you at 0:20:02.280 --> 0:20:07.480 all times. But you can take snuff anytime of day. 0:20:07.920 --> 0:20:13.360 Man, it's addictive, yeah, yeah, extremely, and it's incredibly addictive. 0:20:14.480 --> 0:20:17.440 So all of the colonizing powers competed for a share 0:20:17.520 --> 0:20:21.800 of the emerging global tobacco market. And again it's incredibly addictive, 0:20:21.840 --> 0:20:25.080 so there's enough interest very quickly to spur rapid innovation 0:20:25.160 --> 0:20:28.000