1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,640 Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, Eve's here. Today's episode contains not just one, 2 00:00:03,840 --> 00:00:07,080 Speaker 1: but two nuggets of history. Consider it a double feature. 3 00:00:07,400 --> 00:00:11,280 Speaker 1: Enjoy the show. Hi again, Welcome to this day in 4 00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:25,720 Speaker 1: History class, where history waits for no one. The day 5 00:00:25,800 --> 00:00:31,640 Speaker 1: was made twentieth ninety two, famed aviator Amelia Earhart departed 6 00:00:31,680 --> 00:00:35,640 Speaker 1: Harbor Grace, Newfoundland on her NonStop solo flight across the 7 00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:40,400 Speaker 1: Atlantic Ocean. The next day, she became the first woman 8 00:00:40,479 --> 00:00:44,600 Speaker 1: and second person ever to complete such a flight. Just 9 00:00:44,720 --> 00:00:48,319 Speaker 1: five years later, Amelia and her navigator Fred Noonan were 10 00:00:48,360 --> 00:00:52,919 Speaker 1: declared lost at sea. While Amelia lived in Toronto, Canada, 11 00:00:53,200 --> 00:00:57,920 Speaker 1: working as a nurse's aid, she would visit the local airfield. There, 12 00:00:58,080 --> 00:01:01,480 Speaker 1: she watched pilots in the Royal n Corps train, and 13 00:01:01,520 --> 00:01:05,840 Speaker 1: her interest in flying grew. In nineteen twenty, while Amelia 14 00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:08,480 Speaker 1: was in California with her family, she rode in an 15 00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:11,720 Speaker 1: airplane for the first time with pilot Frank Hawks. It 16 00:01:11,840 --> 00:01:14,119 Speaker 1: was then she decided that she wanted to learn how 17 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:18,679 Speaker 1: to fly. Amelia began taking flying lessons, and soon she 18 00:01:18,800 --> 00:01:23,480 Speaker 1: decided to buy her own plane. In nineteen one, she 19 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:27,720 Speaker 1: passed her flight tests and earned her National Aeronautics Association license. 20 00:01:28,319 --> 00:01:31,839 Speaker 1: In nineteen twenty two, Amelion made her first solo flight 21 00:01:31,959 --> 00:01:35,720 Speaker 1: and became the first woman to fly solo above fourteen 22 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:40,760 Speaker 1: thousand feet. In April of nineteen eight, after stints studying 23 00:01:40,840 --> 00:01:44,880 Speaker 1: medicine and social work, Amelia received an invitation to go 24 00:01:44,959 --> 00:01:49,560 Speaker 1: to New York to be interviewed by publisher George Palmer Putnam. 25 00:01:49,640 --> 00:01:52,080 Speaker 1: Putnam was looking for someone to be the first woman 26 00:01:52,120 --> 00:01:55,080 Speaker 1: to fly in a plane across the Atlantic as a passenger. 27 00:01:55,640 --> 00:01:59,160 Speaker 1: She was selected, and she left on June third, ninety eight, 28 00:01:59,440 --> 00:02:02,720 Speaker 1: with a male pilot and navigator. Her job on the 29 00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:05,960 Speaker 1: trip was to keep the planes log, but the feat 30 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:09,320 Speaker 1: still got her national attention. She went on lecture tours, 31 00:02:09,480 --> 00:02:14,440 Speaker 1: wrote a column on aviation for Cosmopolitan, and did product endorsements. 32 00:02:15,160 --> 00:02:17,560 Speaker 1: That same year, she became the first woman to fly 33 00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:22,359 Speaker 1: solo east and west across the United States. In nineteen thirty, 34 00:02:22,639 --> 00:02:25,160 Speaker 1: ear Hearts set a new speed record for women, and 35 00:02:25,240 --> 00:02:28,400 Speaker 1: in nineteen thirty one she set an altitude record in 36 00:02:28,440 --> 00:02:32,160 Speaker 1: an auto gyro, an aircraft that was eventually superseded by 37 00:02:32,160 --> 00:02:35,799 Speaker 1: the helicopter. But Amelia decided she wanted to fly solo 38 00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:39,519 Speaker 1: across the Atlantic again, this time as the pilot rather 39 00:02:39,600 --> 00:02:45,960 Speaker 1: than a passenger. On two, Amelia left Harbor Grace in 40 00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:50,320 Speaker 1: a red Lockheed Vega five B. Though the first few 41 00:02:50,360 --> 00:02:53,560 Speaker 1: hours of her flight went pretty smoothly, later she did 42 00:02:53,600 --> 00:02:57,080 Speaker 1: have some trouble. She ran into an electrical storm, the 43 00:02:57,120 --> 00:03:00,679 Speaker 1: altimeter failed, the wings iced, and the plane went into 44 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:03,760 Speaker 1: a tailspan for three thousand feet, so she had to 45 00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:06,400 Speaker 1: land in Northern Ireland rather than Paris as she had 46 00:03:06,440 --> 00:03:10,160 Speaker 1: originally planned. Fifteen hours and fifty six minutes after she 47 00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:13,720 Speaker 1: took off from Newfoundland, she landed in a pasture near Londonderry, 48 00:03:13,840 --> 00:03:17,720 Speaker 1: Northern Ireland. When she got back to the United States, 49 00:03:18,040 --> 00:03:21,280 Speaker 1: she got a lot of recognition. Congress gave her the 50 00:03:21,320 --> 00:03:25,840 Speaker 1: Distinguished Flying Cross, a military decoration given to someone for 51 00:03:25,919 --> 00:03:30,400 Speaker 1: their heroism or extraordinary achievement while in a fight. In 52 00:03:30,440 --> 00:03:33,680 Speaker 1: August of nineteen thirty two, she set a speed record 53 00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:36,960 Speaker 1: on a NonStop flight across the United States from Los 54 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:41,000 Speaker 1: Angeles to Newark, New Jersey. Over the next few years, 55 00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:44,680 Speaker 1: Amelia would continue setting records. She went on to do 56 00:03:44,840 --> 00:03:49,160 Speaker 1: daredevil stunts, became a visiting faculty member at Purdue University, 57 00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:53,000 Speaker 1: and helped form the ninety nine, an organization for the 58 00:03:53,040 --> 00:03:57,760 Speaker 1: advancement of female pilots, but Amelia wanted to fly around 59 00:03:57,800 --> 00:04:00,480 Speaker 1: the world at or near the equator, as it had 60 00:04:00,520 --> 00:04:04,360 Speaker 1: not been done before. After one called off attempt to 61 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:08,600 Speaker 1: circumnavigate the globe in March of ninety seven, Amelia flew 62 00:04:08,720 --> 00:04:12,560 Speaker 1: from Oakland, California, to Miami in May, and on June one, 63 00:04:13,080 --> 00:04:17,240 Speaker 1: she left Miami with navigator Fred Noonan. After stops in 64 00:04:17,279 --> 00:04:20,760 Speaker 1: South America, Africa, and Asia, they reached Lay in New 65 00:04:20,760 --> 00:04:23,920 Speaker 1: Guinea at the end of June. They had already flown 66 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:27,200 Speaker 1: tens of thousands of miles, but they had thousands of 67 00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:29,839 Speaker 1: miles left to go before they would get back to Oakland. 68 00:04:30,480 --> 00:04:34,600 Speaker 1: They departed Lay on July two, headed for Howland Island. 69 00:04:35,839 --> 00:04:39,280 Speaker 1: In air Heart's last radio transmission, she said, we are 70 00:04:39,360 --> 00:04:43,000 Speaker 1: running north and south, indicating they were searching for the island, 71 00:04:43,560 --> 00:04:46,280 Speaker 1: but they did not make it to the island. A 72 00:04:46,400 --> 00:04:50,800 Speaker 1: rescue search turned up nothing. Though there has been much 73 00:04:50,839 --> 00:04:54,240 Speaker 1: speculation as to what happened to Amelia on that last 74 00:04:54,360 --> 00:04:58,440 Speaker 1: faded flight, air Heart and Noonan's disappearance remains a mystery. 75 00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:02,480 Speaker 1: I'm Eves Deco, and hopefully you know a little more 76 00:05:02,520 --> 00:05:06,760 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. We love it 77 00:05:06,800 --> 00:05:10,000 Speaker 1: if you left us a comment on Twitter, Instagram or 78 00:05:10,040 --> 00:05:15,800 Speaker 1: Facebook at t d i h C Podcast, Thanks for 79 00:05:15,880 --> 00:05:19,040 Speaker 1: joining me on this trip through history. See you here 80 00:05:19,320 --> 00:05:34,279 Speaker 1: same place tomorrow. Hey, y'all, I'm Eves and welcome to 81 00:05:34,320 --> 00:05:37,039 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class, a podcast for people who 82 00:05:37,040 --> 00:05:48,839 Speaker 1: can never know enough about history. The day was made twentieth. 83 00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:53,359 Speaker 1: Nineteen o two, Cuba gained independence from the United States 84 00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:57,360 Speaker 1: and a republican administration began in the country under Tomas 85 00:05:57,520 --> 00:06:01,960 Speaker 1: Estrada Palmer. From eighteen sixty eight to eighteen seventy eight, 86 00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:05,039 Speaker 1: Cuba was involved in the Ten Years War, a war 87 00:06:05,160 --> 00:06:09,919 Speaker 1: for Cuba's independence from Spain. Cubans had grown dissatisfied with 88 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:14,480 Speaker 1: Spanish administration and a revolution led by Carlos Manuel de 89 00:06:14,600 --> 00:06:19,120 Speaker 1: Cespedes began. The war ended with the Pact of zen Hone, 90 00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:23,240 Speaker 1: which promised Cuba more reforms in autonomy, but all those 91 00:06:23,279 --> 00:06:26,679 Speaker 1: promises were not met and the conflict did not end there. 92 00:06:27,800 --> 00:06:30,960 Speaker 1: In eighteen seventy nine, the so called Little War began. 93 00:06:31,600 --> 00:06:35,320 Speaker 1: One of its leaders was Kaliksto Garcia, a revolutionary who 94 00:06:35,360 --> 00:06:38,400 Speaker 1: did not sign the Pact of zen Hone, but by 95 00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:42,400 Speaker 1: September of eighteen eighty, the uprising had been suppressed, but 96 00:06:42,600 --> 00:06:46,400 Speaker 1: there still had been no true reform. The Cuban War 97 00:06:46,440 --> 00:06:50,760 Speaker 1: for Independence began in eighteen ninety, led by Kaliksto Garcia, 98 00:06:51,120 --> 00:06:56,120 Speaker 1: Maximo Gomez, and Jose Markti. This conflict continued previous struggles 99 00:06:56,160 --> 00:07:01,840 Speaker 1: for Cuban independence from Spanish rules. Kose presented the Manifesto 100 00:07:01,880 --> 00:07:06,320 Speaker 1: of Monte Cristi, which detailed the insurgents war policy. It 101 00:07:06,440 --> 00:07:09,680 Speaker 1: said that black people and white people alike would participate 102 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:12,600 Speaker 1: in the war, that the participation of all black people 103 00:07:12,720 --> 00:07:16,080 Speaker 1: was crucial for victory, and that Spaniards who did not 104 00:07:16,160 --> 00:07:19,240 Speaker 1: object to the war would be spared. It also said 105 00:07:19,280 --> 00:07:22,680 Speaker 1: that private rural properties should not be destroyed and that 106 00:07:22,760 --> 00:07:26,880 Speaker 1: the revolution would bring new economic life to Cuba. The 107 00:07:26,920 --> 00:07:31,160 Speaker 1: revolutionaries opposed Spanish political rule, but they also supported an 108 00:07:31,200 --> 00:07:35,800 Speaker 1: overhaul of the Cubans social system. By early eighteen ninety six, 109 00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:39,480 Speaker 1: rebel forces controlled most of Cuba. They soon earned the 110 00:07:39,520 --> 00:07:43,880 Speaker 1: support of the majority of the population. Spanish authorities responded 111 00:07:43,960 --> 00:07:47,280 Speaker 1: to the revolutionaries efforts by increasing the number of troops 112 00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:50,320 Speaker 1: on the island and sending people in the countryside to 113 00:07:50,440 --> 00:07:55,200 Speaker 1: concentration camps and fortified towns, but the devastating effects of 114 00:07:55,240 --> 00:07:59,600 Speaker 1: the concentration camps led to more Cubans supporting the revolutionaries. 115 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:04,400 Speaker 1: While Cubans targeted planters and control of the countryside, the 116 00:08:04,440 --> 00:08:09,559 Speaker 1: Spanish controlled the city's and targeted peasants. In seven, Spain 117 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:12,280 Speaker 1: offered home rule to Cuba, but as the War of 118 00:08:12,320 --> 00:08:16,720 Speaker 1: Independence drew to a close in eight, the conflicts transformed 119 00:08:16,760 --> 00:08:20,840 Speaker 1: into the Spanish American War. By this point, the conflict 120 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:23,120 Speaker 1: in Cuba had captured the attention of people in the 121 00:08:23,160 --> 00:08:26,480 Speaker 1: United States. The US had an interest in driving out 122 00:08:26,480 --> 00:08:31,480 Speaker 1: European colonial powers, and yellow journalism exaggerated news of Spanish 123 00:08:31,480 --> 00:08:36,720 Speaker 1: atrocities against Cubans and stories of rebel bravery. When the 124 00:08:36,800 --> 00:08:39,600 Speaker 1: U s s main exploded in sank In Havana's harbor, 125 00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:43,160 Speaker 1: the U s had pretext for military intervention in Cuba. 126 00:08:43,840 --> 00:08:47,200 Speaker 1: The Spanish American War took place over the next four months. 127 00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:52,360 Speaker 1: The US emerged victorious, and in December of eight the 128 00:08:52,480 --> 00:08:57,040 Speaker 1: US and Spanish governments signed the Treaty of Parents. Spain 129 00:08:57,080 --> 00:09:01,080 Speaker 1: withdrew from Cuba, but Cuba remained under US military occupation 130 00:09:01,280 --> 00:09:05,920 Speaker 1: for more than three years. On n O two, Cuba 131 00:09:05,960 --> 00:09:10,040 Speaker 1: gained independence from the US but with certain conditions. Cuba 132 00:09:10,120 --> 00:09:13,360 Speaker 1: was prohibited from transferring land to any foreign power besides 133 00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:16,720 Speaker 1: the US. The US reserved the right to intervene in Cuba, 134 00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:20,760 Speaker 1: and the US established a lease for guantanam Obey Naval Base. 135 00:09:21,840 --> 00:09:25,240 Speaker 1: Tomas Estrada. Palma became the first president of the Republic 136 00:09:25,280 --> 00:09:29,320 Speaker 1: of Cuba, and the following years the US maintained a 137 00:09:29,360 --> 00:09:32,760 Speaker 1: heavy influence in Cuba and the country faced more political 138 00:09:32,920 --> 00:09:37,480 Speaker 1: and social unrest. I'm Eve Jeffcote and hopefully you know 139 00:09:37,559 --> 00:09:40,439 Speaker 1: a little more about history today than you did yesterday. 140 00:09:41,120 --> 00:09:43,760 Speaker 1: And if you have any comments or suggestions, you can 141 00:09:43,800 --> 00:09:46,600 Speaker 1: send them to us at this day at iHeart media 142 00:09:46,760 --> 00:09:49,520 Speaker 1: dot com. You can also follow us on social media 143 00:09:49,800 --> 00:09:54,080 Speaker 1: at t d i h C podcast. Thanks again for 144 00:09:54,160 --> 00:10:00,400 Speaker 1: listening to the show and we'll see you tomorrow MMM. 145 00:10:06,280 --> 00:10:08,559 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from I heeart Radio, visit the iHeart 146 00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:11,080 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 147 00:10:11,120 --> 00:10:11,760 Speaker 1: favorite shows.