1 00:00:01,320 --> 00:00:04,240 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production 2 00:00:04,400 --> 00:00:14,200 Speaker 1: of iHeartRadio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:14,280 --> 00:00:14,960 Speaker 2: I'm Tracy V. 4 00:00:15,080 --> 00:00:17,000 Speaker 1: Wilson, and I'm Holly Frye. 5 00:00:17,440 --> 00:00:20,959 Speaker 2: While I was working on our episode on Buck versus 6 00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:23,520 Speaker 2: Bell that came out recently and I was feeling kind 7 00:00:23,560 --> 00:00:28,040 Speaker 2: of just progressively angrier with every sentence of that, I 8 00:00:28,120 --> 00:00:30,760 Speaker 2: caught up with Rosemary Moscow, who asked me if I 9 00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:35,120 Speaker 2: had ever heard about a pigeon named Winky. If you 10 00:00:35,159 --> 00:00:37,640 Speaker 2: don't know who Rosemary is, she's a science writer and 11 00:00:37,680 --> 00:00:40,920 Speaker 2: a naturalist, and she wrote a Pocket Guide to Pigeon 12 00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:45,040 Speaker 2: Watching and the Birding Dictionary, and a number of other books. 13 00:00:45,080 --> 00:00:49,879 Speaker 2: Several of our bird centric episodes ultimately trace back to 14 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:56,120 Speaker 2: Rosemary in one way or another. Anyway, Winky was awarded 15 00:00:56,240 --> 00:00:59,800 Speaker 2: the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals dick In Metal for 16 00:00:59,840 --> 00:01:02,640 Speaker 2: Hell to save the crew of a ditched aircraft during 17 00:01:02,640 --> 00:01:06,880 Speaker 2: World War Two, and so her question about Winki led 18 00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:11,040 Speaker 2: to a whole conversation about the Dicken Metal and its founder, 19 00:01:11,080 --> 00:01:13,560 Speaker 2: Maria Dicken, and I thought, Man, this sounds like what 20 00:01:13,640 --> 00:01:18,200 Speaker 2: I really should be working on after this infuriating upsetness 21 00:01:18,240 --> 00:01:21,919 Speaker 2: that is Buck versus Bell. It's also been a while 22 00:01:22,000 --> 00:01:25,080 Speaker 2: since we have had an installment of Six Impossible Episodes, 23 00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:28,400 Speaker 2: so something that would lend itself to that felt kind 24 00:01:28,400 --> 00:01:32,959 Speaker 2: of like perfect timing. There is some controversy around the 25 00:01:32,959 --> 00:01:36,480 Speaker 2: Dicken Metal and other honors that are awarded to military 26 00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:40,480 Speaker 2: working animals. Maria Dicken wanted to raise the status of 27 00:01:40,520 --> 00:01:43,399 Speaker 2: animals in society and to bring more awareness of the 28 00:01:43,440 --> 00:01:46,000 Speaker 2: work that they were doing during World War Two, but 29 00:01:46,920 --> 00:01:51,520 Speaker 2: there are also discussions of whether awards like these anthropomorphized 30 00:01:51,560 --> 00:01:55,800 Speaker 2: animals or glorify war, and whether it's ethical to have 31 00:01:55,880 --> 00:02:00,960 Speaker 2: military working animals at all. That is really not what 32 00:02:01,040 --> 00:02:03,360 Speaker 2: this episode is about, but I did want to just 33 00:02:03,520 --> 00:02:08,240 Speaker 2: acknowledge it. All of these animals were in some kind 34 00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:11,680 Speaker 2: of peril, but I tried to keep the animal harm 35 00:02:11,800 --> 00:02:15,440 Speaker 2: to a minimum in this episode. None of these animals 36 00:02:15,480 --> 00:02:20,000 Speaker 2: were killed while they were earning these metals. There will 37 00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:23,760 Speaker 2: be some mentions of animal deaths in this episode, though, 38 00:02:23,800 --> 00:02:27,160 Speaker 2: but I tried to keep it pretty basic, not a 39 00:02:27,200 --> 00:02:29,639 Speaker 2: ton of detail on deaths or injuries. 40 00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:34,120 Speaker 1: Six Impossible Episodes is where Tracy rounds up six topics that, 41 00:02:34,200 --> 00:02:38,080 Speaker 1: for one reason or another, aren't workable as individual episodes. 42 00:02:38,160 --> 00:02:39,720 Speaker 1: And the first one we're going to do today is 43 00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:43,359 Speaker 1: actually Maria Dick and herself, because while her life sounds 44 00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:46,520 Speaker 1: fascinating and she did a lot, we just don't have 45 00:02:46,600 --> 00:02:48,880 Speaker 1: the kind of detail about her that would make a 46 00:02:48,919 --> 00:02:52,560 Speaker 1: full length episode. She did publish a memoir called The 47 00:02:52,600 --> 00:02:55,560 Speaker 1: Cry of the Animal in nineteen fifty, but according to 48 00:02:55,600 --> 00:02:59,559 Speaker 1: WorldCat there are only three copies of it in libraries 49 00:03:00,360 --> 00:03:02,760 Speaker 1: in the world today, and it was only about ninety 50 00:03:02,800 --> 00:03:06,880 Speaker 1: pages long, so not comprehensive, impossible to get a hold of. 51 00:03:07,760 --> 00:03:09,520 Speaker 2: Yeah. I did not even try to put in an 52 00:03:09,560 --> 00:03:14,239 Speaker 2: inner library alone request because number one, something that rare 53 00:03:14,960 --> 00:03:17,720 Speaker 2: might not be circulating at all, and number two, at 54 00:03:17,720 --> 00:03:19,960 Speaker 2: only ninety pages long, I did not think it was 55 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:25,080 Speaker 2: going to yield information that would make that time delay 56 00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:28,919 Speaker 2: worth it. There is also the other thing that sometimes 57 00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:33,800 Speaker 2: happens in libraries with older, rare but not noteworthy books, 58 00:03:34,560 --> 00:03:36,760 Speaker 2: where if you and I don't want to slag any 59 00:03:36,800 --> 00:03:40,200 Speaker 2: libraries because all libraries or many libraries have this problem, 60 00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:42,040 Speaker 2: you put in the ill. 61 00:03:41,720 --> 00:03:43,800 Speaker 1: And they go, uh, oh, we don't know where that 62 00:03:43,800 --> 00:03:48,320 Speaker 1: book is. Oh sure, it happens all the time. 63 00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:51,320 Speaker 2: Yeah, I was kind of surprised not to find a 64 00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:54,760 Speaker 2: scan of it anywhere, but I did not, so I 65 00:03:54,880 --> 00:03:59,080 Speaker 2: just moved on. Maria Elizabeth Dicken, known as Mia, was 66 00:03:59,160 --> 00:04:03,320 Speaker 2: born on September twenty second, eighteen seventy, in South Hackney, London. 67 00:04:04,040 --> 00:04:06,960 Speaker 2: Her father was William George Dicken and her mother was 68 00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:12,000 Speaker 2: Ellen Maria Excel Dickon. This family really did not have 69 00:04:12,040 --> 00:04:15,120 Speaker 2: a lot of money. MIA's father was a minister and 70 00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:19,160 Speaker 2: Mia was the oldest of eight children. As she entered 71 00:04:19,160 --> 00:04:22,320 Speaker 2: her adult life, Mia contributed to the family's income by 72 00:04:22,360 --> 00:04:27,080 Speaker 2: starting her own voice production studio and teaching singing. On 73 00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:30,360 Speaker 2: September first, eighteen ninety nine, when she was twenty eight, 74 00:04:30,560 --> 00:04:36,000 Speaker 2: Mia married her first cousin, Arnold Francis Dickon. Marriages between 75 00:04:36,040 --> 00:04:38,560 Speaker 2: cousins were not unheard of in England in the late 76 00:04:38,640 --> 00:04:42,120 Speaker 2: nineteenth century, but they were definitely becoming less common than 77 00:04:42,120 --> 00:04:45,280 Speaker 2: they had been, and this marriage would have made mea 78 00:04:45,360 --> 00:04:49,840 Speaker 2: financially more comfortable, since Arnold was a successful chartered accountant 79 00:04:50,160 --> 00:04:51,719 Speaker 2: and it was just the two of them with no 80 00:04:51,839 --> 00:04:56,280 Speaker 2: children to support, unless there were two chartered accountants named 81 00:04:56,360 --> 00:05:00,120 Speaker 2: Arnold Francis Dickon in London. According to a death notice in. 82 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:03,440 Speaker 1: The Daily Telegraph, he died in nineteen twenty eight, and 83 00:05:03,480 --> 00:05:06,560 Speaker 1: we really don't know much at all about their relationship. 84 00:05:07,560 --> 00:05:11,320 Speaker 2: Yeah, there's a page for him on I think find 85 00:05:11,320 --> 00:05:16,840 Speaker 2: agrave dot com that says that he died in uh 86 00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:20,760 Speaker 2: if I'm remembering correctly, nineteen seventy eight, at the age 87 00:05:20,800 --> 00:05:23,880 Speaker 2: of more than one hundred, and I'm like, I think 88 00:05:23,920 --> 00:05:27,880 Speaker 2: somebody might be misreading that too. As a seven on 89 00:05:27,960 --> 00:05:34,240 Speaker 2: a weathered tosta entirely possible. Uh Mia liked music and literature. 90 00:05:34,680 --> 00:05:38,000 Speaker 2: In nineteen oh five, she published Suggestive Thoughts from the 91 00:05:38,040 --> 00:05:41,520 Speaker 2: Temple being striking passages from the teaching of R. J. 92 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:46,200 Speaker 2: Campbell something else I couldn't find a scan of. Reginald 93 00:05:46,320 --> 00:05:49,960 Speaker 2: John Campbell was the Congregational minister of the City Temple, 94 00:05:50,080 --> 00:05:53,799 Speaker 2: and he had a reputation for kind of eccentric nonconformity. 95 00:05:54,760 --> 00:05:59,719 Speaker 2: He was simultaneously very popular and very controversial, and it's 96 00:05:59,720 --> 00:06:03,320 Speaker 2: not fully clear what Dicken's relationship with him and the 97 00:06:03,440 --> 00:06:07,000 Speaker 2: church was. This book, though, was basically a collection of 98 00:06:07,120 --> 00:06:10,960 Speaker 2: quotes from him. According to her entry in the Oxford 99 00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:14,800 Speaker 2: Dictionary of National Biography, Dickon also became part of the 100 00:06:14,800 --> 00:06:18,320 Speaker 2: spiritualist movement, and it also says she was connected to 101 00:06:18,480 --> 00:06:22,880 Speaker 2: James Moore Hixon, founder of the Society of Emmanuel, later 102 00:06:22,920 --> 00:06:26,880 Speaker 2: called the Divine Healing Mission. This was a healing ministry 103 00:06:26,960 --> 00:06:30,719 Speaker 2: focused on intercessory prayer and the laying on of hands. 104 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:35,080 Speaker 2: Dickon gave up her voice studio after she got married, 105 00:06:35,279 --> 00:06:38,600 Speaker 2: and she started volunteering in some of the poorest neighborhoods 106 00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:42,760 Speaker 2: of London. At first, her focus was on people, but 107 00:06:43,279 --> 00:06:47,280 Speaker 2: over time she noticed how many pets and working animals 108 00:06:47,279 --> 00:06:51,559 Speaker 2: needed care in these neighborhoods, and nobody was providing that care. 109 00:06:52,760 --> 00:06:56,160 Speaker 2: Then one night, her own dog became very ill and 110 00:06:56,240 --> 00:06:59,120 Speaker 2: ultimately had to be euthanized, and as she was trying 111 00:06:59,120 --> 00:07:02,640 Speaker 2: to comfort her her dog in her last hours, Dickon 112 00:07:02,760 --> 00:07:06,239 Speaker 2: realized that she was witnessing the same kind of pain 113 00:07:06,400 --> 00:07:09,040 Speaker 2: and weariness that she would be seeing if she were 114 00:07:09,080 --> 00:07:10,720 Speaker 2: sitting up with a dying human. 115 00:07:11,560 --> 00:07:15,400 Speaker 1: So she decided she would try to help. A clergyman 116 00:07:15,560 --> 00:07:18,920 Speaker 1: loaned dick in some basement space in Whitechapel and she 117 00:07:19,040 --> 00:07:23,080 Speaker 1: opened the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals on November seventeenth, 118 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:27,080 Speaker 1: nineteen seventeen. She was forty seven at this point. The 119 00:07:27,160 --> 00:07:30,280 Speaker 1: sign out front read quote bring your sick animals, do 120 00:07:30,400 --> 00:07:35,680 Speaker 1: not let them suffer. All animals treated, all treatment free. 121 00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:39,920 Speaker 1: The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals grew very quickly and 122 00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:43,600 Speaker 1: it became both popular and beloved in the neighborhoods that 123 00:07:43,640 --> 00:07:49,080 Speaker 1: it served, but it also faced some controversy. Veterinary medicine 124 00:07:49,160 --> 00:07:53,800 Speaker 1: was relatively new as a discipline. The first veterinary schools 125 00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:56,240 Speaker 1: in the UK had been established at the end of 126 00:07:56,280 --> 00:08:01,040 Speaker 1: the eighteenth century. The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons was 127 00:08:01,160 --> 00:08:04,720 Speaker 1: established in eighteen forty four, and the eighteen eighty one 128 00:08:04,880 --> 00:08:10,720 Speaker 1: Veterinary Surgeons Act had been passed to regulate the field. Overall, 129 00:08:11,040 --> 00:08:14,520 Speaker 1: veterinary surgeons, which include what we in the US would 130 00:08:14,560 --> 00:08:19,680 Speaker 1: just call veterinarians, were focused on large animals, especially horses. 131 00:08:20,160 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: There was not much focus on small companion animals, and 132 00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:27,800 Speaker 1: a lot of vets in the UK had pretty disparaging 133 00:08:27,840 --> 00:08:32,080 Speaker 1: attitudes about their colleagues who did treat dogs and other 134 00:08:32,160 --> 00:08:34,880 Speaker 1: small animals. We talked about some of that in our 135 00:08:34,920 --> 00:08:38,000 Speaker 1: episode about the history of veterinary medicine. We sure did 136 00:08:38,640 --> 00:08:42,240 Speaker 1: the PDSA treated all animals, not just pets, but they 137 00:08:42,280 --> 00:08:46,120 Speaker 1: treated a lot of pets, and while the PDSA had 138 00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:50,360 Speaker 1: some connections to veterinary surgeons. The people providing this care 139 00:08:50,480 --> 00:08:55,840 Speaker 1: overwhelmingly were not veterinary surgeons themselves. They were volunteers, and 140 00:08:55,880 --> 00:08:59,000 Speaker 1: a lot of them were women. There was a stereotype 141 00:08:59,040 --> 00:09:02,680 Speaker 1: of philanthropically minded middle and upper class women focusing on 142 00:09:02,760 --> 00:09:07,200 Speaker 1: the plight of dogs. British law didn't ban anyone from 143 00:09:07,240 --> 00:09:11,520 Speaker 1: providing care for animals, just from calling themselves veterinary surgeons 144 00:09:11,960 --> 00:09:15,559 Speaker 1: or RCVS members if they were not, and the PDSA 145 00:09:15,760 --> 00:09:17,679 Speaker 1: was not doing any of that, so they weren't doing 146 00:09:17,760 --> 00:09:21,800 Speaker 1: anything illegal, but they did face criticism from the RCVS 147 00:09:21,840 --> 00:09:25,440 Speaker 1: and other organizations for staffing their clinics with lay people 148 00:09:25,880 --> 00:09:31,560 Speaker 1: without the supervision of a veterinary surgeon. Simultaneously, the RCVS 149 00:09:31,559 --> 00:09:37,559 Speaker 1: bylaws banned quote quack covering or veterinary surgeons providing legitimacy 150 00:09:37,600 --> 00:09:41,800 Speaker 1: to phony practitioners, so there weren't many veterinary surgeons who 151 00:09:41,840 --> 00:09:45,440 Speaker 1: even wanted to work with. The PDSA were not saying 152 00:09:45,520 --> 00:09:48,440 Speaker 1: that these volunteers were quacks, but the word quacks was 153 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:52,720 Speaker 1: interpreted broadly enough to include anyone who was not a 154 00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:57,400 Speaker 1: trained veterinary surgeon but was providing animal care. Basically, no 155 00:09:57,400 --> 00:10:00,280 Speaker 1: one wanted to risk their reputation endorsing people that didn't 156 00:10:00,320 --> 00:10:03,680 Speaker 1: have training. These two sides did not start to move 157 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:06,720 Speaker 1: toward working together until the late nineteen thirties. 158 00:10:07,760 --> 00:10:12,600 Speaker 2: The PDSA incorporated in nineteen twenty three, and it received 159 00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:15,600 Speaker 2: a bequest of fifty thousand pounds from the estate of 160 00:10:15,760 --> 00:10:19,680 Speaker 2: Sarah Martha Grove Hardy in nineteen twenty six. This allowed 161 00:10:19,720 --> 00:10:23,120 Speaker 2: Dicken to open a large treatment and training facility. So 162 00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:26,320 Speaker 2: while these volunteers who worked with the PDSA were not 163 00:10:26,559 --> 00:10:31,160 Speaker 2: veterinary surgeons, many of them were going through an in depth, 164 00:10:31,320 --> 00:10:34,240 Speaker 2: hands on training program, and it was a program that 165 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:37,960 Speaker 2: was way more focused on companion animals than what people 166 00:10:37,960 --> 00:10:42,280 Speaker 2: would typically get at a college of veterinary surgery. Within 167 00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:46,360 Speaker 2: a decade of its nineteen seventeen establishment, the PDSA had 168 00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:49,760 Speaker 2: almost sixty clinics around the UK, as well as three 169 00:10:49,840 --> 00:10:52,120 Speaker 2: horse drawn caravans that worked. 170 00:10:51,880 --> 00:10:56,800 Speaker 1: As mobile clinics. It had also started establishing clinics internationally. 171 00:10:57,840 --> 00:11:00,959 Speaker 1: Dicken had also started a magazine for or the dispensary 172 00:11:00,960 --> 00:11:04,360 Speaker 1: called The Animal's Advocate, as well as the Busy Bees 173 00:11:04,400 --> 00:11:07,080 Speaker 1: Club to teach children how to care for their pets. 174 00:11:07,760 --> 00:11:10,680 Speaker 1: In nineteen twenty nine, Dicken was awarded the Order of 175 00:11:10,679 --> 00:11:14,480 Speaker 1: the British Empire. When World War II started and the 176 00:11:14,600 --> 00:11:18,319 Speaker 1: UK was hit with bombing raids, the PDSA established an 177 00:11:18,360 --> 00:11:23,439 Speaker 1: animal rescue squad to look for and care for affected animals, 178 00:11:23,840 --> 00:11:26,959 Speaker 1: and in nineteen forty eight Maria Dicken was named Commander 179 00:11:27,080 --> 00:11:30,760 Speaker 1: of the Order of the British Empire. Maria Dicken died 180 00:11:30,760 --> 00:11:34,400 Speaker 1: of broncho pneumonia caused by influenza at her home on 181 00:11:34,440 --> 00:11:37,120 Speaker 1: March first, nineteen fifty one, at the age of eighty. 182 00:11:37,920 --> 00:11:41,120 Speaker 1: A blue historical plaque was placed at her birthplace in 183 00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:42,080 Speaker 1: twenty fifteen. 184 00:11:43,280 --> 00:11:47,160 Speaker 2: The PDSA still exists today as a charity for pets 185 00:11:47,240 --> 00:11:50,839 Speaker 2: in need. There are forty eight pet hospitals run by 186 00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:53,800 Speaker 2: them across the UK and they treat thousands of animals 187 00:11:53,800 --> 00:11:59,199 Speaker 2: every year. Thousands of people also volunteer for the organization today, 188 00:11:59,240 --> 00:12:02,960 Speaker 2: though it is fully interconnected with the greater world of 189 00:12:03,040 --> 00:12:06,400 Speaker 2: veterinary medicine in the UK. That's a process that, like 190 00:12:06,440 --> 00:12:09,200 Speaker 2: we said, started in the late nineteen thirties before World 191 00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:10,040 Speaker 2: War Two started. 192 00:12:10,720 --> 00:12:11,680 Speaker 1: There was kind of a. 193 00:12:11,600 --> 00:12:15,120 Speaker 2: Break in moving together during World War Two, and then 194 00:12:15,280 --> 00:12:18,840 Speaker 2: after the war was over, they started kind of building 195 00:12:18,880 --> 00:12:19,839 Speaker 2: some bridges there. 196 00:12:20,520 --> 00:12:24,040 Speaker 1: Maria Dicken established the Dicken Medal for animal gallantry or 197 00:12:24,080 --> 00:12:27,640 Speaker 1: devotion to duty in war or conflict during World War II, 198 00:12:28,240 --> 00:12:30,000 Speaker 1: and after we take a break, we're going to talk 199 00:12:30,040 --> 00:12:36,160 Speaker 1: about some of the animals who earned that award. 200 00:12:42,040 --> 00:12:44,600 Speaker 2: The first dick and Medal we're going to talk about 201 00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:48,920 Speaker 2: is really three medals. They were the first three Dicken 202 00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:51,920 Speaker 2: Medals ever to be awarded, and they were all awarded 203 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:55,120 Speaker 2: to pigeons on the same day, which was December second, 204 00:12:55,280 --> 00:13:01,040 Speaker 2: nineteen forty three. The pigeons were named Winkie, White and Tyke. 205 00:13:01,400 --> 00:13:05,840 Speaker 2: Tyke was also called George. These were not at all. 206 00:13:05,960 --> 00:13:09,120 Speaker 1: The only pigeons to be awarded the Dicken Medal, and 207 00:13:09,240 --> 00:13:12,160 Speaker 1: the first stretch of this award's existence, which was from 208 00:13:12,240 --> 00:13:15,840 Speaker 1: nineteen forty three to nineteen forty nine, it was awarded 209 00:13:15,840 --> 00:13:20,199 Speaker 1: to more pigeons than any other animal. The pigeons who 210 00:13:20,200 --> 00:13:22,880 Speaker 1: were awarded the Dick And Medal were a tiny, tiny 211 00:13:22,920 --> 00:13:26,040 Speaker 1: fraction of all of the pigeons that the British used 212 00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:29,440 Speaker 1: in the war. The National Pigeon Service was formed in 213 00:13:29,480 --> 00:13:33,000 Speaker 1: February of nineteen thirty nine, and membership was open to 214 00:13:33,120 --> 00:13:38,000 Speaker 1: anyone who had at least twenty trained homing pigeons. Thousands 215 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:41,360 Speaker 1: of pigeon fanciers participated in this service, and more than 216 00:13:41,400 --> 00:13:44,719 Speaker 1: two hundred thousand pigeons were used across all branches of 217 00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:47,520 Speaker 1: the British military, as well as some parts of the 218 00:13:47,559 --> 00:13:51,720 Speaker 1: civil service. Many of these pigeons rode aboard aircraft in 219 00:13:51,840 --> 00:13:54,760 Speaker 1: watertight baskets, so that if the pilot had to ditch 220 00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:57,240 Speaker 1: the plane or was forced to land and didn't have 221 00:13:57,360 --> 00:14:00,640 Speaker 1: radio contact, they could still send a message about where 222 00:14:00,640 --> 00:14:01,040 Speaker 1: they were. 223 00:14:02,120 --> 00:14:04,760 Speaker 2: Winky was the board of Beaufort bomber from the number 224 00:14:04,840 --> 00:14:08,600 Speaker 2: forty two Squadron on February twenty third, nineteen forty two. 225 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:13,120 Speaker 2: This bomber was damaged by anti aircraft fire while flying 226 00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:16,000 Speaker 2: over Norway, and while they were trying to get back 227 00:14:16,040 --> 00:14:18,680 Speaker 2: to Scotland, they had to ditch into the North Sea. 228 00:14:19,720 --> 00:14:22,520 Speaker 2: The four man crew did not have time to radio 229 00:14:22,600 --> 00:14:25,720 Speaker 2: their position before ditching, and once they were in the water, 230 00:14:25,960 --> 00:14:28,600 Speaker 2: they did not have a way to write a message 231 00:14:28,640 --> 00:14:32,280 Speaker 2: about where they were, so they opened Winkie's basket and 232 00:14:32,320 --> 00:14:35,320 Speaker 2: Winki flew home one hundred and twenty miles away through 233 00:14:35,400 --> 00:14:40,080 Speaker 2: some very terrible winter weather. When she got there, her owner, 234 00:14:40,200 --> 00:14:45,440 Speaker 2: George Ross, contacted the Royal Air Force. The RAF calculated 235 00:14:45,480 --> 00:14:48,200 Speaker 2: where the plane must have gone down based on how 236 00:14:48,280 --> 00:14:51,960 Speaker 2: fast a pigeon could fly, adjusted for the windspeed and direction, 237 00:14:52,200 --> 00:14:54,720 Speaker 2: and the fact that Winky was covered in oil from 238 00:14:54,760 --> 00:14:58,840 Speaker 2: the crash. About fifteen minutes after her arrival at home, 239 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:02,640 Speaker 2: the RAF dis patched a search team and they successfully 240 00:15:02,760 --> 00:15:06,960 Speaker 2: found and rescued all four of the plane's crew. Winky's 241 00:15:07,080 --> 00:15:10,360 Speaker 2: Dick and Metal citation read quote for delivering a message 242 00:15:10,440 --> 00:15:14,720 Speaker 2: under exceptionally difficult conditions and so contributing to the rescue 243 00:15:14,760 --> 00:15:17,920 Speaker 2: of an aircrew while serving with the RAF in February 244 00:15:18,120 --> 00:15:21,920 Speaker 2: nineteen forty two. The two other pigeons who were awarded 245 00:15:21,960 --> 00:15:23,760 Speaker 2: the Dick and Medal on the same day had the 246 00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:28,960 Speaker 2: same basic citation, but with different dates. One was White Vision, 247 00:15:29,040 --> 00:15:31,960 Speaker 2: who was one of two pigeons aboard a Catalina flying 248 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:35,240 Speaker 2: boat with a human crew of eleven. They had to 249 00:15:35,280 --> 00:15:37,840 Speaker 2: ditch into the ocean near the Hebrides in Scotland in 250 00:15:37,880 --> 00:15:41,920 Speaker 2: October of nineteen forty two. The amphibious aircraft was able 251 00:15:41,960 --> 00:15:44,680 Speaker 2: to remain afloat for a while, so the crew was 252 00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:47,920 Speaker 2: able to take refuge on it and attached notes before 253 00:15:47,960 --> 00:15:52,600 Speaker 2: releasing the birds. One of the pigeons didn't arrive back home, 254 00:15:52,880 --> 00:15:57,320 Speaker 2: but White Vision did, flying for nine hours against heavy 255 00:15:57,320 --> 00:15:58,960 Speaker 2: headwinds and arriving safely. 256 00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:01,160 Speaker 1: Based on the note she carried. 257 00:16:01,320 --> 00:16:05,080 Speaker 2: A rescue operation was mounted and the aircraft's entire crew 258 00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:09,640 Speaker 2: was rescued just before that aircraft sank. Tyke's home was 259 00:16:09,680 --> 00:16:11,920 Speaker 2: in Libya, and he was raised to be part of 260 00:16:11,960 --> 00:16:14,960 Speaker 2: the Middle East Pigeon Service, which had been established in 261 00:16:15,040 --> 00:16:19,080 Speaker 2: nineteen forty two to serve the British military in Northern Africa. 262 00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:22,880 Speaker 2: Tyke had been assigned to a US aircrew which had 263 00:16:22,880 --> 00:16:26,480 Speaker 2: to ditch into the Mediterranean in June of nineteen forty three. 264 00:16:27,360 --> 00:16:30,120 Speaker 2: He made a similar long distance flight of about one 265 00:16:30,200 --> 00:16:34,800 Speaker 2: hundred miles through poor visibility, leading to a successful rescue 266 00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:37,680 Speaker 2: of all four of the crew. A lot of the 267 00:16:37,720 --> 00:16:41,440 Speaker 2: other pigeon dick and medals are very similar to those three, 268 00:16:41,800 --> 00:16:45,200 Speaker 2: and as we said earlier, pigeons received more Dicken medals 269 00:16:45,240 --> 00:16:48,800 Speaker 2: than any other animal in the nineteen forties. The next 270 00:16:48,920 --> 00:16:52,680 Speaker 2: most honored animals were dogs, and one of them was Rip, 271 00:16:52,840 --> 00:16:56,080 Speaker 2: the twenty seventh animal to be awarded the Dicken metal. 272 00:16:56,920 --> 00:16:59,720 Speaker 1: Rip was not bred to be a military dog. He 273 00:16:59,800 --> 00:17:03,440 Speaker 1: was mixed breed terrier who had presumably been someone's pet 274 00:17:03,880 --> 00:17:07,920 Speaker 1: or possibly even astray. A lot of British write ups 275 00:17:08,000 --> 00:17:10,879 Speaker 1: describe Rip as a mongrel, and in pictures he is 276 00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:14,040 Speaker 1: both adorable and a little bit scruffy looking if he 277 00:17:14,160 --> 00:17:16,359 Speaker 1: was someone's pet, though we do not know who that 278 00:17:16,400 --> 00:17:20,600 Speaker 1: person was. In nineteen forty, an air raid warden named 279 00:17:20,640 --> 00:17:24,040 Speaker 1: Mister E. King found him among the rubble after a 280 00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:28,520 Speaker 1: strike on the Poplar district of London. King started feeding 281 00:17:28,560 --> 00:17:32,000 Speaker 1: the dog, who was obviously hungry, and while King wasn't 282 00:17:32,040 --> 00:17:36,359 Speaker 1: really intending to keep him, Rip just stayed around. Soon 283 00:17:36,640 --> 00:17:39,200 Speaker 1: Rip had become something of a mascot to the Suvile 284 00:17:39,280 --> 00:17:43,120 Speaker 1: Street Air Raid Patrol, which was King's civil defense squad. 285 00:17:44,040 --> 00:17:47,760 Speaker 2: Rip had no formal training in search and rescue, but 286 00:17:47,840 --> 00:17:50,200 Speaker 2: he turned out to really have a knack for finding 287 00:17:50,320 --> 00:17:54,879 Speaker 2: survivors after German air raids on London. King described this 288 00:17:55,080 --> 00:17:58,280 Speaker 2: dog as quote never in the way, but always eager 289 00:17:58,359 --> 00:18:02,240 Speaker 2: to do his bit. Rip is credited with finding and 290 00:18:02,320 --> 00:18:05,960 Speaker 2: helping to rescue more than one hundred people during the Blitz, 291 00:18:06,040 --> 00:18:09,199 Speaker 2: which lasted from September of nineteen forty to May of 292 00:18:09,280 --> 00:18:12,480 Speaker 2: nineteen forty one. He was awarded the Dick And Medal 293 00:18:12,520 --> 00:18:16,240 Speaker 2: in nineteen forty five quote for locating many air raid 294 00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:18,520 Speaker 2: victims during the Blitz of nineteen forty. 295 00:18:19,440 --> 00:18:22,639 Speaker 1: Rip continued to accompany King until the end of the war, 296 00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:25,679 Speaker 1: and his success at finding people has been credited with 297 00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:30,040 Speaker 1: encouraging British authorities to formally train search and rescue dogs 298 00:18:30,119 --> 00:18:33,280 Speaker 1: later on in the war. He lived until after the 299 00:18:33,280 --> 00:18:36,240 Speaker 1: war was over, and after his death, which seems to 300 00:18:36,280 --> 00:18:39,400 Speaker 1: have been natural and age related, he was buried at 301 00:18:39,400 --> 00:18:42,160 Speaker 1: the PDSA Animal Cemetery in Ilford. 302 00:18:42,920 --> 00:18:45,640 Speaker 2: Rip was a very good boy, and our next dick 303 00:18:45,680 --> 00:18:48,560 Speaker 2: And Medal recipient was a very good girl named Judy, 304 00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:52,480 Speaker 2: a purebred liver and white pointer born in Shanghai in 305 00:18:52,560 --> 00:18:56,000 Speaker 2: February of nineteen thirty six. If you're like me and 306 00:18:56,080 --> 00:18:59,800 Speaker 2: you're not really up on dog color terms, a liver 307 00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:02,679 Speaker 2: is a shade of deep brown. I had imagined it 308 00:19:02,680 --> 00:19:03,600 Speaker 2: as kind of reddish. 309 00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:06,760 Speaker 1: It's not. I guess it could maybe have a red tent, 310 00:19:06,880 --> 00:19:09,479 Speaker 1: but it's more of a deep shade of brown. Her 311 00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:13,639 Speaker 1: name was originally Shooty, but it was anglicized while she 312 00:19:13,760 --> 00:19:16,280 Speaker 1: was still a puppy. And I don't really know what 313 00:19:16,400 --> 00:19:18,960 Speaker 1: the story is around that, if there is one. She 314 00:19:19,160 --> 00:19:22,000 Speaker 1: was born in a kennel to a dog that belonged 315 00:19:22,040 --> 00:19:25,960 Speaker 1: to a British couple, and that kennel was primarily used 316 00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:29,639 Speaker 1: by Europeans who were living in Shanghai. At the end 317 00:19:29,680 --> 00:19:32,879 Speaker 1: of nineteen thirty six, the HMS NAT was looking for 318 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:36,679 Speaker 1: a ship's dog and they purchased Judy. They tried to 319 00:19:36,760 --> 00:19:39,600 Speaker 1: train her as a gun dog so to retrieve game 320 00:19:39,720 --> 00:19:43,119 Speaker 1: during hunting parties on land. This is a pretty natural 321 00:19:43,160 --> 00:19:45,520 Speaker 1: thing you would train a pointer of all dogs to do, 322 00:19:46,160 --> 00:19:49,040 Speaker 1: but she kept jumping overboard, so she kind of became 323 00:19:49,080 --> 00:19:52,560 Speaker 1: more of a mascot. She did, however, learn to alert 324 00:19:52,600 --> 00:19:55,760 Speaker 1: the crew when she heard incoming ships and aircraft, and 325 00:19:55,840 --> 00:19:58,840 Speaker 1: at one point that included giving them an advance warning 326 00:19:58,960 --> 00:20:03,760 Speaker 1: of pirates near by. Judy was transferred to the HMS 327 00:20:03,760 --> 00:20:07,399 Speaker 1: Grasshopper along with some of the NATS human crew in 328 00:20:07,480 --> 00:20:11,760 Speaker 1: nineteen thirty nine after Japan bombed the US naval base 329 00:20:11,800 --> 00:20:14,520 Speaker 1: at Pearl Harbor in December of nineteen forty one. The 330 00:20:14,680 --> 00:20:18,639 Speaker 1: HMS Grasshopper served in the War in the Pacific. The 331 00:20:18,720 --> 00:20:22,560 Speaker 1: Grasshopper helped support the Allied retreat from Malaysia in nineteen 332 00:20:22,640 --> 00:20:25,920 Speaker 1: forty two and then was hit by a Japanese bomber 333 00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:30,160 Speaker 1: on its way to Indonesia. The crew, including Judy, were 334 00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:33,119 Speaker 1: forced to abandon ship and wound up on the apparently 335 00:20:33,240 --> 00:20:37,639 Speaker 1: uninhabited island of sink Kep along with survivors of another ship, 336 00:20:37,880 --> 00:20:42,159 Speaker 1: the HMS Dragonfly. They had no food or water, and 337 00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:46,280 Speaker 1: most of the survivors were covered with oil. Judy led 338 00:20:46,320 --> 00:20:50,639 Speaker 1: them to a freshwater spring while they awaited rescue. They 339 00:20:50,680 --> 00:20:54,000 Speaker 1: were able to flag down a passing Chinese ship and 340 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:57,240 Speaker 1: get onto it and leave the island, but the survivors 341 00:20:57,280 --> 00:21:00,359 Speaker 1: did not make it all the way to safety in 342 00:21:00,400 --> 00:21:04,080 Speaker 1: Sumatra and made an overland trek to what they thought 343 00:21:04,200 --> 00:21:08,240 Speaker 1: would be an Allied outpost, but the Allies had already 344 00:21:08,280 --> 00:21:12,359 Speaker 1: evacuated from there, so the crew, including Judy, were taken 345 00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:16,200 Speaker 1: prisoner by the Japanese. When they arrived at the glogor 346 00:21:16,320 --> 00:21:20,840 Speaker 1: Pow camp in Sumatra, the sailors smuggled her in and 347 00:21:20,880 --> 00:21:24,720 Speaker 1: then tried to keep her hidden from the guards. Eventually, 348 00:21:24,920 --> 00:21:28,119 Speaker 1: leading aircraftsman Frank Williams of the Royal Air Force started 349 00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:31,600 Speaker 1: sharing his food rations with Judy, and he convinced the 350 00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:35,600 Speaker 1: guards to register her as a prisoner. Of war. According 351 00:21:35,600 --> 00:21:38,560 Speaker 1: to some accounts, at this point, Judy was pregnant, and 352 00:21:38,640 --> 00:21:42,240 Speaker 1: this agreement came about after the camp commandant was offered 353 00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:46,280 Speaker 1: one of her puppies. She was assigned prisoner number eighty one, 354 00:21:46,359 --> 00:21:49,280 Speaker 1: a gloger Medon, and was the only dog to be 355 00:21:49,320 --> 00:21:54,119 Speaker 1: officially registered as a pow during World War II. Judy 356 00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:57,760 Speaker 1: spent more than two years at this camp, bolstering the 357 00:21:57,800 --> 00:22:01,840 Speaker 1: morale of the POWs, helping managed the population of rodents, 358 00:22:01,960 --> 00:22:05,800 Speaker 1: and warning the prisoners of nearby scorpions and snakes. She 359 00:22:05,880 --> 00:22:09,080 Speaker 1: also developed a reputation for trying to intervene When the 360 00:22:09,080 --> 00:22:12,000 Speaker 1: guards were punishing the prisoners, she would bark and snap 361 00:22:12,040 --> 00:22:16,399 Speaker 1: at them. During this time, Williams and other prisoners also 362 00:22:16,520 --> 00:22:20,320 Speaker 1: trained her to do things like hide and follow signals 363 00:22:20,400 --> 00:22:23,000 Speaker 1: like low whistles, so that they could keep her hidden 364 00:22:23,119 --> 00:22:26,720 Speaker 1: and move her discreetly when they needed to. When the 365 00:22:26,760 --> 00:22:30,160 Speaker 1: camp's internees were moved to Singapore in nineteen forty four, 366 00:22:30,720 --> 00:22:34,080 Speaker 1: Williams smuggled Judy onto the ship the Hairo Giku Maru 367 00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:36,920 Speaker 1: in a rice sack. At the start of the voyage, 368 00:22:36,960 --> 00:22:40,000 Speaker 1: Williams kept her hidden, but while they were en route, 369 00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:43,000 Speaker 1: the Hari Giku Maru was struck by torpedoes that were 370 00:22:43,080 --> 00:22:47,760 Speaker 1: fired by the HMS Truculent and started to sink. Williams 371 00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:50,840 Speaker 1: pushed Duty out through a porthole, and once in the water, 372 00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:53,840 Speaker 1: she started trying to pull the men who couldn't swim 373 00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:56,800 Speaker 1: very well to safety, and she pulled pieces of floating 374 00:22:56,840 --> 00:23:00,600 Speaker 1: debris for survivors to hold on to. She and Frank 375 00:23:00,640 --> 00:23:04,440 Speaker 1: Williams both survived this, but at first william did not 376 00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:08,040 Speaker 1: know that Judy had made it. They were reunited sometime 377 00:23:08,160 --> 00:23:12,000 Speaker 1: later at another Pow camp. Judy stayed with Williams and 378 00:23:12,040 --> 00:23:14,199 Speaker 1: the rest of the POWs as they were forced to 379 00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:17,640 Speaker 1: clear land through the Sumatran jungle to build a new railway. 380 00:23:18,320 --> 00:23:22,240 Speaker 1: During this hard labor, William's credited Judy with giving him 381 00:23:22,320 --> 00:23:25,800 Speaker 1: and the other men the will to live. After the 382 00:23:25,840 --> 00:23:29,119 Speaker 1: war ended in nineteen forty five, William's, Judy, and the 383 00:23:29,160 --> 00:23:32,560 Speaker 1: other POWs were liberated from the camp and Judy once 384 00:23:32,600 --> 00:23:34,880 Speaker 1: again had to be smuggled on board a ship, this 385 00:23:34,920 --> 00:23:38,439 Speaker 1: one bound for the UK. Once in the UK, she 386 00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:41,440 Speaker 1: was kept in quarantine for six months that was part 387 00:23:41,440 --> 00:23:44,160 Speaker 1: of the effort to keep the United Kingdom free of rabies, 388 00:23:44,560 --> 00:23:47,840 Speaker 1: and then she was reunited with Frank Williams. She was 389 00:23:47,960 --> 00:23:50,639 Speaker 1: enrolled as a member of the Return to British Prisoners 390 00:23:50,680 --> 00:23:53,920 Speaker 1: of War Association, and in April of nineteen forty six 391 00:23:54,359 --> 00:23:57,480 Speaker 1: she was awarded the Dick And Medal quote for magnificent 392 00:23:57,520 --> 00:24:00,840 Speaker 1: courage and endurance in Japanese prison camps, which helped to 393 00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:04,719 Speaker 1: maintain morale among her fellow prisoners, and also for saving 394 00:24:04,800 --> 00:24:09,520 Speaker 1: many lives through her intelligence and watchfulness. The PDSA also 395 00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:12,840 Speaker 1: awarded Williams the White Cross of Saint Giles, its highest 396 00:24:12,920 --> 00:24:15,520 Speaker 1: human Owner, for the care that he gave Judy during 397 00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:16,040 Speaker 1: the war. 398 00:24:17,040 --> 00:24:20,359 Speaker 2: Judy died on February seventeenth, nineteen fifty at the age 399 00:24:20,359 --> 00:24:24,119 Speaker 2: of fourteen. She and Williams were living in Tanzania at 400 00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:26,679 Speaker 2: the time, and she was buried there along with an 401 00:24:26,800 --> 00:24:27,720 Speaker 2: RAF jacket. 402 00:24:28,359 --> 00:24:30,400 Speaker 1: We're going to take a little sponsor break and then 403 00:24:30,520 --> 00:24:32,840 Speaker 1: we will talk about some other types of animals to 404 00:24:32,840 --> 00:24:45,800 Speaker 1: be awarded the Dick and Medal. Three horses were awarded 405 00:24:45,840 --> 00:24:48,679 Speaker 1: the Dick and Medal in the nineteen forties. Those were Olga, 406 00:24:49,000 --> 00:24:52,399 Speaker 1: Upstart and Regal. They were all police horses and they 407 00:24:52,440 --> 00:24:55,879 Speaker 1: all received the award on April eleventh, nineteen forty seven. 408 00:24:56,640 --> 00:24:59,960 Speaker 1: Olga and Upstart were both on duty when flying bombs 409 00:25:00,160 --> 00:25:03,480 Speaker 1: struck the neighborhoods where they were working, and they helped 410 00:25:03,560 --> 00:25:07,679 Speaker 1: control traffic and assist rescuers in the aftermath. One of 411 00:25:07,680 --> 00:25:09,320 Speaker 1: them did kind of run off for a minute, but 412 00:25:09,400 --> 00:25:13,919 Speaker 1: came back. Regal remained calm when his stable was struck 413 00:25:13,920 --> 00:25:18,600 Speaker 1: by an incendiary bomb on two different occasions. Their stories 414 00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:21,399 Speaker 1: are all pretty straightforward, so we are really going to 415 00:25:21,440 --> 00:25:24,159 Speaker 1: focus on a horse who was awarded the dick And 416 00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:28,400 Speaker 1: Medal for her actions during the Korean War. Her name 417 00:25:28,960 --> 00:25:32,880 Speaker 1: was Sergeant Reckless and she was also an episode request 418 00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:39,760 Speaker 1: from listener Chantel many many years ago. Chantell, if you 419 00:25:39,760 --> 00:25:44,960 Speaker 1: still listen to this, So we finally got to this finally. 420 00:25:45,359 --> 00:25:48,040 Speaker 1: Unlike the other animals that we've talked about so far, 421 00:25:48,640 --> 00:25:52,760 Speaker 1: Sergeant Reckless was working with the United States military, specifically 422 00:25:52,800 --> 00:25:56,160 Speaker 1: the US Marine Corps. She was a small mayor born 423 00:25:56,240 --> 00:26:00,960 Speaker 1: in South Korea in nineteen forty eight. Most horses describe 424 00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:03,919 Speaker 1: her as a Mongolian, but according to the US Marine 425 00:26:03,920 --> 00:26:06,879 Speaker 1: Corps Museum, she was a Halla horse, which is a 426 00:26:06,960 --> 00:26:10,280 Speaker 1: Korean cross between a Thoroughbred and a Juju, which is 427 00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:11,560 Speaker 1: a South Korean breed. 428 00:26:12,600 --> 00:26:14,760 Speaker 2: She was bred to be a race horse, but on 429 00:26:14,880 --> 00:26:19,000 Speaker 2: June twenty fifth, nineteen fifty, the North Korean People's Army 430 00:26:19,119 --> 00:26:22,879 Speaker 2: invaded South Korea, which marked the beginning of the Korean War. 431 00:26:23,640 --> 00:26:24,080 Speaker 1: A couple of. 432 00:26:24,160 --> 00:26:27,960 Speaker 2: Years later, Lieutenant Eric Peterson of the fifth Marine Regiment 433 00:26:28,160 --> 00:26:31,199 Speaker 2: purchased her for use as a pack animal, using two 434 00:26:31,320 --> 00:26:34,800 Speaker 2: hundred and fifty dollars of his own money. He bought 435 00:26:34,840 --> 00:26:38,359 Speaker 2: her from a stable boy at the racetrack who reportedly 436 00:26:38,480 --> 00:26:41,679 Speaker 2: was trying to raise money to buy an artificial limb 437 00:26:41,720 --> 00:26:45,680 Speaker 2: for his sister. She had lost a leg after stepping 438 00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:49,320 Speaker 2: on a landmine. At first, the Marines just called this 439 00:26:49,359 --> 00:26:54,280 Speaker 2: horse reckless, possibly because she was trained to carry Recoilis rifles, 440 00:26:54,560 --> 00:26:58,000 Speaker 2: which sounds kind of similar to the word reckless. She 441 00:26:58,040 --> 00:27:01,600 Speaker 2: would carry these rifles, along with ammunition and other supplies, 442 00:27:02,040 --> 00:27:06,080 Speaker 2: from a supply point to the front lines. Over time, 443 00:27:06,280 --> 00:27:09,080 Speaker 2: she started doing at least part of this trip alone, 444 00:27:09,160 --> 00:27:13,160 Speaker 2: and eventually she would do the entire round trip by herself. 445 00:27:13,760 --> 00:27:15,640 Speaker 2: The Marines thought of her as one of their own, 446 00:27:15,680 --> 00:27:18,480 Speaker 2: and they started to refer to her as private Reckless. 447 00:27:19,040 --> 00:27:22,240 Speaker 2: They were also pretty entertained by her antics, because apparently 448 00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:24,600 Speaker 2: she liked to make herself at home in their tents, 449 00:27:24,960 --> 00:27:27,720 Speaker 2: and she was fond of eating things like pickles, eggs, 450 00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:32,000 Speaker 2: and poker chips, and drinking coca cola and beer. Obviously 451 00:27:32,080 --> 00:27:34,840 Speaker 2: not a good diet for a horse. Yeah, please don't 452 00:27:34,840 --> 00:27:38,760 Speaker 2: feed these two horses. In fact, don't feed them things. 453 00:27:38,840 --> 00:27:42,560 Speaker 2: If they're not your horse. You don't know what they 454 00:27:42,560 --> 00:27:43,880 Speaker 2: may or to me not want to eat. 455 00:27:44,000 --> 00:27:45,840 Speaker 1: And really, no one should eat a poker chip. 456 00:27:46,760 --> 00:27:50,399 Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, apparently it was a significant number of poker chips. 457 00:27:50,480 --> 00:27:53,720 Speaker 2: And I don't know if she had any ill effects afterward. 458 00:27:54,680 --> 00:27:58,760 Speaker 2: Reckless's most dramatic moments were in March of nineteen fifty 459 00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:03,440 Speaker 2: three during the Battle for Outpost Vegas. This took place 460 00:28:03,720 --> 00:28:07,560 Speaker 2: during the peace talks that ultimately led to an armistice 461 00:28:07,640 --> 00:28:11,240 Speaker 2: in the war, and Chinese forces were trying to secure 462 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:16,080 Speaker 2: more territory for North Korea by attacking multiple outposts in 463 00:28:16,240 --> 00:28:21,240 Speaker 2: this area. During this battle, Reckless made fifty one round 464 00:28:21,359 --> 00:28:24,840 Speaker 2: trips to the front lines over a single day, carrying 465 00:28:24,880 --> 00:28:28,919 Speaker 2: ammunition supplies there and returning with wounded men and the 466 00:28:28,960 --> 00:28:32,560 Speaker 2: bodies of men who had been killed. She received two 467 00:28:32,640 --> 00:28:35,959 Speaker 2: different shrapnel wounds, but she carried on. She delivered an 468 00:28:36,119 --> 00:28:41,400 Speaker 2: estimated nine thousand pounds of ammunition supplies. Her other duties 469 00:28:41,480 --> 00:28:45,200 Speaker 2: during the Korean War included helping to string telephone wire, 470 00:28:45,560 --> 00:28:49,280 Speaker 2: and she also became the first horse known to participate 471 00:28:49,320 --> 00:28:52,360 Speaker 2: in an amphibious landing with the Marine Corps. 472 00:28:52,840 --> 00:28:55,840 Speaker 1: An armistice ended the fighting in the Korean War in 473 00:28:55,960 --> 00:28:59,520 Speaker 1: July of nineteen fifty three, and Reckless was retired from 474 00:28:59,520 --> 00:29:03,080 Speaker 1: the marineae Corps in nineteen sixty. By that point, she 475 00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:06,800 Speaker 1: had been promoted to staff sergeant. She gave birth to 476 00:29:06,840 --> 00:29:10,760 Speaker 1: three surviving foals after arriving in the US after the war, 477 00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:15,920 Speaker 1: named Fearless, Dauntless, and Chesty. After her retirement, she continued 478 00:29:15,920 --> 00:29:18,120 Speaker 1: to live with the Marine Corps until her death after 479 00:29:18,160 --> 00:29:22,440 Speaker 1: a fall in May of nineteen sixty eight. According to 480 00:29:22,480 --> 00:29:26,320 Speaker 1: the US Marine Corps, during her lifetime, Reckless was awarded 481 00:29:26,360 --> 00:29:29,480 Speaker 1: two Purple Hearts, a Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal, a 482 00:29:29,560 --> 00:29:34,800 Speaker 1: Presidential Unit Citation with Bronze Star, the National Defense Service Medal, 483 00:29:34,880 --> 00:29:38,160 Speaker 1: a Korean Service Medal, the United Nations Korea Medal, a 484 00:29:38,320 --> 00:29:42,719 Speaker 1: Navy Unit Commendation, and a Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation. 485 00:29:43,760 --> 00:29:47,880 Speaker 1: There are multiple statues of her, including at Marine Corps 486 00:29:47,920 --> 00:29:51,720 Speaker 1: Base Camp Pendleton in California and the National Museum of 487 00:29:51,720 --> 00:29:56,440 Speaker 1: the Marine Corps in Virginia. The PDSAS stopped awarding the 488 00:29:56,480 --> 00:29:59,400 Speaker 1: dick And Medal in nineteen forty nine, but revived it 489 00:29:59,480 --> 00:30:03,760 Speaker 1: in two th Sergeant Reckless was posthumously awarded the dick 490 00:30:03,840 --> 00:30:07,240 Speaker 1: And Medal on July twenty seventh, twenty sixteen, quote for 491 00:30:07,320 --> 00:30:10,920 Speaker 1: attention to duty, devotion, and loyalty to the United States 492 00:30:10,960 --> 00:30:14,320 Speaker 1: Marine Corps. She was the sixty eighth animal to be 493 00:30:14,360 --> 00:30:17,720 Speaker 1: awarded the Dicken Medal, and in twenty nineteen, she also 494 00:30:17,760 --> 00:30:20,600 Speaker 1: became the first animal to be awarded the Animals in 495 00:30:20,680 --> 00:30:24,360 Speaker 1: War and Peace Medal of Bravery, which was established as 496 00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:28,080 Speaker 1: an American equivalent of the Dicken Medal, and our. 497 00:30:28,120 --> 00:30:32,160 Speaker 2: Last Impossible Episode and dick And Medal recipient is the 498 00:30:32,160 --> 00:30:35,200 Speaker 2: only cat ever to be awarded this medal, and I 499 00:30:35,280 --> 00:30:37,800 Speaker 2: have to admit when Rosemary and I were talking about 500 00:30:37,800 --> 00:30:42,120 Speaker 2: this and we read Simon the cat's award citation, it 501 00:30:42,200 --> 00:30:44,960 Speaker 2: felt to me a little bit like a participation trophy. 502 00:30:45,200 --> 00:30:49,120 Speaker 2: Simon quote served on the HMS Amethyst during the Yang 503 00:30:49,160 --> 00:30:52,520 Speaker 2: Sea incident, disposing of many rats, though wounded by a 504 00:30:52,560 --> 00:30:56,240 Speaker 2: shell blast throughout the incident, his behavior was of the 505 00:30:56,320 --> 00:30:59,280 Speaker 2: highest order, although the blast was capable of making a 506 00:30:59,320 --> 00:31:03,200 Speaker 2: whole over foot in diameter and steel plate. So with 507 00:31:03,480 --> 00:31:05,840 Speaker 2: just that pair of sentences to go on, this sounded 508 00:31:05,880 --> 00:31:08,400 Speaker 2: to me just kind of like a cat doing cat 509 00:31:08,440 --> 00:31:12,440 Speaker 2: stuff on a damaged ship. Of course, there is more 510 00:31:12,480 --> 00:31:15,520 Speaker 2: to it than that, and I rescind my original judgment. 511 00:31:16,120 --> 00:31:19,920 Speaker 1: The Yangtze Incident, also called the Amethyst Incident, took place 512 00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:23,760 Speaker 1: during the Chinese Civil War. This was between the Nationalists 513 00:31:23,880 --> 00:31:27,400 Speaker 1: or Kuomintang under Shang Kai Shek and the Communists or 514 00:31:27,440 --> 00:31:32,200 Speaker 1: People's Liberation Army under Mauzudong. The conflict stretched back into 515 00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:35,160 Speaker 1: the nineteen twenties, and the two sides had united to 516 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:38,760 Speaker 1: try to fight Japan during the Second Sino Japanese War, 517 00:31:39,120 --> 00:31:41,440 Speaker 1: which is marked as the beginning of World War II 518 00:31:41,680 --> 00:31:45,600 Speaker 1: in Asia. But as World War Two ended, this alliance 519 00:31:45,680 --> 00:31:49,080 Speaker 1: broke down and the resulting war became interconnected with the 520 00:31:49,080 --> 00:31:53,040 Speaker 1: Cold War between the United States and the USSR. The 521 00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:57,760 Speaker 1: US supported the Nationalists and the USSR supported the Communists. 522 00:31:58,320 --> 00:32:01,960 Speaker 1: The US also made repeat attempts to negotiate between the 523 00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:02,840 Speaker 1: two sides. 524 00:32:03,920 --> 00:32:08,320 Speaker 2: While the UK was not directly involved in this civil war, 525 00:32:08,440 --> 00:32:12,440 Speaker 2: it did have a very long history of involvement in China, 526 00:32:12,480 --> 00:32:16,040 Speaker 2: including the Opium Wars of the nineteenth century and a 527 00:32:16,160 --> 00:32:20,240 Speaker 2: series of unequal treaties that favored British and other Western 528 00:32:20,320 --> 00:32:24,920 Speaker 2: interests over those of China. At this point, British presence 529 00:32:25,000 --> 00:32:28,880 Speaker 2: in China included an embassy at Nanjing, and in April 530 00:32:28,920 --> 00:32:32,320 Speaker 2: of nineteen forty nine, the HMS Amethyst was ordered up 531 00:32:32,320 --> 00:32:35,880 Speaker 2: the Yangxe River to relieve the ship that was guarding 532 00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:36,800 Speaker 2: that embassy. 533 00:32:37,760 --> 00:32:41,600 Speaker 1: On April twentieth, about sixty miles or ninety six kilometers 534 00:32:41,600 --> 00:32:45,280 Speaker 1: from its destination, the Amethyst came under fire from the 535 00:32:45,320 --> 00:32:51,000 Speaker 1: People's Liberation Army, the crew having apparently misinterpreted warning shots 536 00:32:51,040 --> 00:32:55,240 Speaker 1: as the sounds of combat. The Amethyst was badly damaged, 537 00:32:55,320 --> 00:32:59,080 Speaker 1: including having an enormous hole blown into one side, and 538 00:32:59,160 --> 00:33:02,520 Speaker 1: it ran aground while trying to evade the attack. At 539 00:33:02,560 --> 00:33:06,560 Speaker 1: least nineteen men were killed, including the captain Lieutenant Commander 540 00:33:06,560 --> 00:33:10,600 Speaker 1: Bernard M. Skinner. More than twenty others were wounded, some 541 00:33:10,680 --> 00:33:11,880 Speaker 1: of whom later died. 542 00:33:13,120 --> 00:33:16,840 Speaker 2: The Amethysts officers tried to evacuate as many people as 543 00:33:16,920 --> 00:33:20,520 Speaker 2: possible to the Nationalist side of the river, but that 544 00:33:20,600 --> 00:33:23,800 Speaker 2: left about sixty people still on board, and some of 545 00:33:23,800 --> 00:33:26,120 Speaker 2: them were too badly injured. 546 00:33:25,680 --> 00:33:26,600 Speaker 1: To be moved. 547 00:33:27,320 --> 00:33:31,479 Speaker 2: Attempts to refloat the ship were unsuccessful, and while they 548 00:33:31,520 --> 00:33:34,280 Speaker 2: were able to move it a little bit, the Amethyst 549 00:33:34,520 --> 00:33:38,600 Speaker 2: wound up trapped in the crossfire. The People's Liberation Army 550 00:33:38,680 --> 00:33:42,840 Speaker 2: also fired on the ship anytime sailors were visible on deck, 551 00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:46,560 Speaker 2: and there were additional injuries and deaths among the crew. 552 00:33:47,440 --> 00:33:50,880 Speaker 1: Several other ships tried to come to Amethyst's aid, but 553 00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:54,479 Speaker 1: had to turn back after also coming under fire, with 554 00:33:54,600 --> 00:33:57,640 Speaker 1: injuries and deaths on some of those other ships as well, 555 00:33:58,400 --> 00:34:02,040 Speaker 1: so the Amethyst was essential trapped. It sat there in 556 00:34:02,080 --> 00:34:05,120 Speaker 1: the river for about three months, with the crew facing 557 00:34:05,200 --> 00:34:11,640 Speaker 1: hot weather, continual danger, and dwindling supplies. That brings us 558 00:34:11,680 --> 00:34:14,759 Speaker 1: to Simon, who was a tuxedo cat who had been 559 00:34:14,800 --> 00:34:17,719 Speaker 1: smuggled aboard the ship in nineteen forty eight by a 560 00:34:17,760 --> 00:34:22,839 Speaker 1: seventeen year old sailor ordinary seamen, George Hickinbottom, who had 561 00:34:22,880 --> 00:34:26,600 Speaker 1: found this cat hungry on the docks. While some of 562 00:34:26,600 --> 00:34:29,440 Speaker 1: the crew did not really like Simon's habits of leaving 563 00:34:29,480 --> 00:34:32,640 Speaker 1: them dead rodents or sleeping in their hats, he did 564 00:34:32,680 --> 00:34:35,360 Speaker 1: become a favorite of many of the men on board. 565 00:34:36,239 --> 00:34:39,759 Speaker 1: He was injured in the initial shelling of the ship, and, 566 00:34:39,960 --> 00:34:42,280 Speaker 1: like a lot of cats would do, when he got hurt, 567 00:34:42,400 --> 00:34:45,960 Speaker 1: he hid. Once he was found, one of the ship's 568 00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:50,320 Speaker 1: medics treated his injuries, and afterward, while he was still recovering, 569 00:34:50,360 --> 00:34:52,960 Speaker 1: he went back to something he was already known for doing, 570 00:34:53,600 --> 00:34:57,480 Speaker 1: which was hunting rats. Rat control was one of the 571 00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:00,840 Speaker 1: reasons that ships often had cats on board, and it 572 00:35:00,920 --> 00:35:04,040 Speaker 1: was particularly important while the Amethyst was stuck on the 573 00:35:04,120 --> 00:35:08,719 Speaker 1: Yankee River. While the Amethyst had occasional contact with other 574 00:35:08,760 --> 00:35:13,240 Speaker 1: British ships, their opportunities for resupply were almost non existent. 575 00:35:14,040 --> 00:35:17,640 Speaker 1: The weather was very hot, the generators had been damaged, 576 00:35:17,680 --> 00:35:19,960 Speaker 1: and the boilers often had to be shut down to 577 00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:23,400 Speaker 1: conserve fuel, which meant that the ship often had to 578 00:35:23,440 --> 00:35:29,160 Speaker 1: go without ventilation or refrigeration. Perishable food spoiled quickly, and 579 00:35:29,239 --> 00:35:33,000 Speaker 1: anything that was eaten or destroyed by rodents just compounded 580 00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:34,319 Speaker 1: this problem. 581 00:35:34,719 --> 00:35:39,520 Speaker 2: There was also a morale boost aspect to Simon's rat hunting, 582 00:35:40,200 --> 00:35:43,319 Speaker 2: especially when he killed an enormous rat that the crew 583 00:35:43,360 --> 00:35:46,880 Speaker 2: had come to really despise. They had named that huge 584 00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:51,719 Speaker 2: rat after Maozitdong. Afterward, after he killed this rat, they 585 00:35:51,719 --> 00:35:56,239 Speaker 2: promoted Simon to able seamen or in some accounts, able seacat. 586 00:35:56,880 --> 00:36:01,640 Speaker 2: Simon also started accompanying the ship's maintenance off on daily rounds, 587 00:36:01,680 --> 00:36:04,960 Speaker 2: and was credited with lifting the crew's spirits when they 588 00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:09,040 Speaker 2: saw him. The ship's dog, who was a terrier named Peggy, 589 00:36:09,120 --> 00:36:13,799 Speaker 2: helped with this too. With its rations nearly exhausted, the 590 00:36:13,840 --> 00:36:17,480 Speaker 2: Amethyst managed to make an escape on July thirtieth, nineteen 591 00:36:17,560 --> 00:36:21,840 Speaker 2: forty nine, slipping its anchor chain and heading downstream towards 592 00:36:21,840 --> 00:36:25,640 Speaker 2: Shanghai under cover of night. They successfully made it to 593 00:36:25,680 --> 00:36:28,600 Speaker 2: the open sea one hundred and one days after becoming 594 00:36:28,680 --> 00:36:29,799 Speaker 2: stranded on the river. 595 00:36:31,040 --> 00:36:34,200 Speaker 1: In addition to being awarded the Dickin Medal in nineteen 596 00:36:34,280 --> 00:36:37,920 Speaker 1: forty nine, in August of that year, Simon was awarded 597 00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:42,759 Speaker 1: an Amethyst Campaign Ribbon for distinguished and meritorious service. The 598 00:36:42,800 --> 00:36:46,400 Speaker 1: citation noted Simon's killing of the rat known as Mauzadong 599 00:36:46,560 --> 00:36:50,320 Speaker 1: on April twenty sixth, and that between April twenty second 600 00:36:50,440 --> 00:36:54,279 Speaker 1: and August fourth, he quote did rid the HMS Amethyst 601 00:36:54,360 --> 00:37:00,000 Speaker 1: of pestilence and vermin with unrelenting faithfulness. While Simon survived 602 00:37:00,080 --> 00:37:03,080 Speaker 1: his initial injuries and the time the Amethyst was trapped 603 00:37:03,080 --> 00:37:06,040 Speaker 1: on the river. He sadly died of an infection on 604 00:37:06,080 --> 00:37:10,040 Speaker 1: November twenty eighth, nineteen forty nine, while in quarantine to 605 00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:14,120 Speaker 1: enter the United Kingdom. About one thousand people, including the 606 00:37:14,200 --> 00:37:18,400 Speaker 1: crew of the Amethyst, attended his funeral. Like Rip the Dog, 607 00:37:18,520 --> 00:37:22,480 Speaker 1: he was buried at the pdsa's Animal Cemetery. In addition 608 00:37:22,600 --> 00:37:25,040 Speaker 1: to Rip and Simon, there are ten other Dick and 609 00:37:25,080 --> 00:37:29,839 Speaker 1: Medal winners buried there, and that has a number of 610 00:37:30,160 --> 00:37:34,560 Speaker 1: brave and resourceful animals. Do you listener mail? Brave and resourceful? 611 00:37:34,800 --> 00:37:37,399 Speaker 1: I do have listener mail. This listener mail is from 612 00:37:37,440 --> 00:37:42,400 Speaker 1: Shay and it is about ballpoint pens. Shay wrote, Howdy 613 00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:46,040 Speaker 1: Tracy and Holly. I've enjoyed listening to your podcast over 614 00:37:46,080 --> 00:37:48,200 Speaker 1: the years and have always wanted to add my two 615 00:37:48,239 --> 00:37:50,680 Speaker 1: cents to one of your episodes, and now I can 616 00:37:50,800 --> 00:37:53,880 Speaker 1: because of ballpoint pens. I've been in the military for 617 00:37:53,960 --> 00:37:56,680 Speaker 1: over twenty one years and will be retiring next year. 618 00:37:57,239 --> 00:38:00,680 Speaker 1: In the Navy, the most known ballpoint pen is the 619 00:38:00,760 --> 00:38:05,319 Speaker 1: standard Skillcraft ballpoint pen. Personally, I'm not a fan of 620 00:38:05,320 --> 00:38:08,360 Speaker 1: how they feel when writing, so I always wondered why 621 00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:12,280 Speaker 1: skill Craft so away i went. Skillcraft is a brand 622 00:38:12,400 --> 00:38:15,400 Speaker 1: under the National Industries for the Blind through a program 623 00:38:15,480 --> 00:38:19,520 Speaker 1: administered by the US Ability One Commission. The program came 624 00:38:19,560 --> 00:38:22,400 Speaker 1: about due to the nineteen thirty eight Wagner Oday Act, 625 00:38:22,480 --> 00:38:26,320 Speaker 1: requiring the federal government to buy products made by blind workers, 626 00:38:26,840 --> 00:38:29,920 Speaker 1: and later amended in nineteen seventy one to expand to 627 00:38:30,040 --> 00:38:35,239 Speaker 1: nonprofits employing persons with other disabilities. This bill was championed 628 00:38:35,360 --> 00:38:39,520 Speaker 1: by Senator Jacob Javitz, who was diagnosed with Lugarrig's disease, 629 00:38:39,600 --> 00:38:43,359 Speaker 1: also known as ALS. While the Armed Forces has used 630 00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:46,320 Speaker 1: a number of companies for ballpoint pens in the past, 631 00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:49,640 Speaker 1: just as the Australian pilots you spoke of did to 632 00:38:49,760 --> 00:38:53,880 Speaker 1: include the Ballerina Pen Company. During Vietnam, Skillcraft became a 633 00:38:53,920 --> 00:38:56,040 Speaker 1: staple in the Navy. I can't speak for the other 634 00:38:56,080 --> 00:39:00,640 Speaker 1: branches with certainty due to pen requirements and Navy policy. 635 00:39:00,840 --> 00:39:05,040 Speaker 1: The GSA policy requiring federal specifications was written and released 636 00:39:05,040 --> 00:39:08,520 Speaker 1: in nineteen sixty five after they GSA received a shipment 637 00:39:08,600 --> 00:39:13,640 Speaker 1: of thirteen million ballpoint pens that were defective. The standard 638 00:39:13,680 --> 00:39:16,560 Speaker 1: included being able to write over five thousand feet at 639 00:39:16,600 --> 00:39:18,879 Speaker 1: a pressure of one hundred and twenty five grams, must 640 00:39:18,960 --> 00:39:22,040 Speaker 1: be able to write in temperatures between minus forty degrees 641 00:39:22,080 --> 00:39:25,400 Speaker 1: and one hundred and sixty degrees dry within five seconds, 642 00:39:25,600 --> 00:39:28,960 Speaker 1: can smear, and ink must still remain even after two 643 00:39:29,040 --> 00:39:34,120 Speaker 1: chemical bleaching applications, to name a few. Additionally, the OPNAV 644 00:39:34,239 --> 00:39:38,279 Speaker 1: Instruction thirty one hundred and seven C states that we 645 00:39:38,360 --> 00:39:41,680 Speaker 1: must quote make all manual entries in ship's deck log 646 00:39:41,800 --> 00:39:44,880 Speaker 1: with a black ballpoint pen or type written printed on 647 00:39:45,160 --> 00:39:50,040 Speaker 1: letter quality printer processed by electronic means, which is why 648 00:39:50,120 --> 00:39:53,960 Speaker 1: they're commonly seen with someone standing what we call a 649 00:39:54,080 --> 00:39:57,440 Speaker 1: deck watch. I hope that was interesting or new information 650 00:39:57,680 --> 00:40:01,200 Speaker 1: for someone. It was new and interesting information for me. 651 00:40:02,040 --> 00:40:03,960 Speaker 1: I've attached an old photo of a dog I used 652 00:40:04,000 --> 00:40:06,640 Speaker 1: to own. Sadly, he had to be rehomed because I 653 00:40:06,680 --> 00:40:09,000 Speaker 1: was advised she wasn't allowed in the country of one 654 00:40:09,040 --> 00:40:11,879 Speaker 1: of my duty stations, and I later learned my son 655 00:40:11,960 --> 00:40:14,520 Speaker 1: has an allergy to dogs, although he always wanted another 656 00:40:14,600 --> 00:40:19,080 Speaker 1: dog regardless of the allergic reaction. Her name was Asia, 657 00:40:19,120 --> 00:40:21,880 Speaker 1: born in two thousand and five. She was a very loving, playful, 658 00:40:21,920 --> 00:40:24,880 Speaker 1: sweet American pitbull terrier, and I know her new family 659 00:40:24,920 --> 00:40:27,160 Speaker 1: loved and took care of her very well and our 660 00:40:27,200 --> 00:40:30,600 Speaker 1: family missed her very much. Thanks for listening, Shay. What 661 00:40:30,880 --> 00:40:33,680 Speaker 1: a cute dog. Oh I love a goofy pity They're 662 00:40:33,719 --> 00:40:34,280 Speaker 1: so sweet. 663 00:40:34,600 --> 00:40:38,560 Speaker 2: Yeah yeah, I did not know any of this pen 664 00:40:38,760 --> 00:40:42,000 Speaker 2: information about the Navy, and I did find it interesting. 665 00:40:43,520 --> 00:40:47,359 Speaker 2: There are honestly multiple various tidbits in there that I 666 00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:49,960 Speaker 2: all found interesting. So thank you so much Shae for 667 00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:53,880 Speaker 2: this email. That was a good companion to an episode 668 00:40:53,880 --> 00:40:57,800 Speaker 2: that was about both animals and the military. If you 669 00:40:57,840 --> 00:41:00,000 Speaker 2: would like to send us a note, where at History 670 00:41:00,080 --> 00:41:04,359 Speaker 2: Podcasts at iHeartRadio dot com, and you can subscribe to 671 00:41:04,480 --> 00:41:07,960 Speaker 2: the show on the iHeartRadio app or anywhere else you'd 672 00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:15,680 Speaker 2: like to get your podcasts. Stuff you missed in History 673 00:41:15,680 --> 00:41:20,040 Speaker 2: Class is a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, 674 00:41:20,239 --> 00:41:23,800 Speaker 2: visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen 675 00:41:23,840 --> 00:41:24,840 Speaker 2: to your favorite shows.