1 00:00:02,400 --> 00:00:06,760 Speaker 1: Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, radio news. 2 00:00:08,240 --> 00:00:12,119 Speaker 2: You're listening to the Bloomberg Intelligence Podcast. Catch us live 3 00:00:12,200 --> 00:00:14,920 Speaker 2: weekdays at ten am Eastern on Apple car Playing and 4 00:00:15,040 --> 00:00:17,919 Speaker 2: Broyd Auto with the Bloomberg Business App. Listen on demand 5 00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:22,320 Speaker 2: wherever you get your podcasts, or watch us live on YouTube. 6 00:00:23,200 --> 00:00:25,520 Speaker 3: Let's get back to the geopoliticis coming out of the 7 00:00:25,560 --> 00:00:28,080 Speaker 3: Middle East. The Syrian president Bashar Assad is now in 8 00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:32,960 Speaker 3: Moscow after rebel forces took control of Damascus over the weekend, 9 00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:37,159 Speaker 3: ending nearly a century of his family's rule. His toppling 10 00:00:37,320 --> 00:00:39,640 Speaker 3: is sending shockwaves throughout the Middle East and will be 11 00:00:39,680 --> 00:00:42,640 Speaker 3: a major blow to Russia in Iran, President Joe Biden 12 00:00:42,760 --> 00:00:46,400 Speaker 3: hailed Usad's fall in an address to the nation on Sunday, 13 00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:46,960 Speaker 3: and take a listen. 14 00:00:47,640 --> 00:00:51,440 Speaker 4: It's a moment of historic opportunity the long suffering people 15 00:00:51,440 --> 00:00:55,280 Speaker 4: of Syria to build a better future for the proud country. 16 00:00:55,480 --> 00:00:59,000 Speaker 4: It's also a moment of risk and uncertainty as we 17 00:00:59,120 --> 00:01:01,360 Speaker 4: all turn into question of what comes next. 18 00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:05,000 Speaker 3: All right, that was President Biden with some comments Sunday 19 00:01:05,480 --> 00:01:08,720 Speaker 3: regarding what's happening in Syria. Let's get some more analysis 20 00:01:08,760 --> 00:01:13,080 Speaker 3: on this unfolding situation. Aaron David Miller, Senior Fellow at 21 00:01:13,080 --> 00:01:16,160 Speaker 3: the Carnegie Dowmon for International Peace, joins us from Washington, 22 00:01:16,240 --> 00:01:18,960 Speaker 3: DC via zoom. Aaron, thanks so much for joining us here. 23 00:01:19,160 --> 00:01:22,080 Speaker 3: Do we have any idea who's in charge over. 24 00:01:21,959 --> 00:01:23,680 Speaker 1: There in Sirius in Syria? 25 00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:27,280 Speaker 5: Well, right now, it's thanks for having me. Right now, 26 00:01:27,319 --> 00:01:31,759 Speaker 5: it's Ahmadshara. Who's nam Da gary Ka, also known as 27 00:01:32,360 --> 00:01:40,400 Speaker 5: Abu Muhammadani al Jiulani, born in Saudi parents were originally 28 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:43,720 Speaker 5: from the Golan Heights, which is why he took the 29 00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:49,200 Speaker 5: name Algulani. Formerly associated with both the Islamic STATEA and 30 00:01:49,240 --> 00:01:52,520 Speaker 5: Ol Kaida, He's evolved over the last five or six years, 31 00:01:53,720 --> 00:02:00,280 Speaker 5: running the province of Ibleb relatively inclusively, reaching out to 32 00:02:00,360 --> 00:02:05,800 Speaker 5: Kurds and to the Druis. You know, it's hard to know. 33 00:02:07,280 --> 00:02:10,520 Speaker 5: Rebelling is hard, Governing is frankly a lot harder. And 34 00:02:10,600 --> 00:02:15,120 Speaker 5: the track record here for overthrowing Arab authoritarians is not 35 00:02:15,760 --> 00:02:20,920 Speaker 5: terribly uplifting. Egypt, the Bark's gone, a more repressive authoritarian 36 00:02:20,919 --> 00:02:27,440 Speaker 5: military government replaced him. Tunisia ben Ali aspiring democracy and 37 00:02:27,600 --> 00:02:34,560 Speaker 5: now an authoritarian government. Saddam Hussein Iraq's pretty dysfunctional. A 38 00:02:34,600 --> 00:02:40,480 Speaker 5: lot of disappointments there. Yemen Abdala salav overthrown. The Huthis 39 00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:43,880 Speaker 5: are in charge of much of the country. Siria may 40 00:02:43,960 --> 00:02:49,120 Speaker 5: have a better chance. Headlines appear to be pretty good, 41 00:02:50,120 --> 00:02:54,760 Speaker 5: not a lot of repression and retribution. Yet Glani's thinking 42 00:02:55,080 --> 00:02:58,519 Speaker 5: as singing a pretty moderate tune invited the international press 43 00:02:58,560 --> 00:03:02,880 Speaker 5: in sending signals to the Alowi community in Latakia that 44 00:03:03,680 --> 00:03:07,359 Speaker 5: not interested in retribution. I guess, guys, the question will 45 00:03:07,400 --> 00:03:11,760 Speaker 5: be power sharing. It'll be power sharing, and it'll be 46 00:03:11,840 --> 00:03:15,880 Speaker 5: whether or not the Islamic principles and strictures of these 47 00:03:16,440 --> 00:03:22,000 Speaker 5: Asunni political Islamics can be reconciled a with the largely 48 00:03:22,080 --> 00:03:30,120 Speaker 5: traditional secular Syrian elite, and whether or not, you know 49 00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:35,600 Speaker 5: you can govern. Syria is broke, heavily indebted to the iraniance. 50 00:03:36,640 --> 00:03:40,000 Speaker 5: Oil industry is muddled to two and a half billion 51 00:03:40,720 --> 00:03:45,600 Speaker 5: barrels a day. It pales before the larger producers, so 52 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:47,680 Speaker 5: it's going to be a real heavy lift. 53 00:03:48,440 --> 00:03:54,520 Speaker 6: Syria borders what Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and also Turkey. 54 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:59,200 Speaker 6: Does the response by one dictate the response overall by 55 00:03:59,200 --> 00:03:59,640 Speaker 6: the others? 56 00:04:00,360 --> 00:04:04,080 Speaker 5: Well, you know, it's been the playground for external intervention 57 00:04:04,280 --> 00:04:08,040 Speaker 5: since the beginning of the Civil War. The Turks have 58 00:04:08,160 --> 00:04:10,520 Speaker 5: had a huge role to play, as you pointed out, 59 00:04:10,600 --> 00:04:15,600 Speaker 5: Iran Isabella, and of course Russia doesn't share contiguous borders, 60 00:04:15,640 --> 00:04:20,760 Speaker 5: but was the key broker and savior redeemer of the 61 00:04:20,800 --> 00:04:24,080 Speaker 5: outside regime when it was challenged in twenty fifteen. I 62 00:04:24,120 --> 00:04:27,480 Speaker 5: think that the prospects for external intervention is still there, 63 00:04:27,520 --> 00:04:30,280 Speaker 5: and by the way, the Israelis need to be definitely 64 00:04:30,839 --> 00:04:34,279 Speaker 5: put into the mix. Prospects or external invention are there, 65 00:04:34,320 --> 00:04:39,920 Speaker 5: but the real troublemakers the Iranians, I would argue the 66 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:44,559 Speaker 5: Russians Isabella. They've been set back. There's more agency now 67 00:04:45,800 --> 00:04:50,400 Speaker 5: for Syrians to function and focus on Syria than at 68 00:04:50,440 --> 00:04:54,560 Speaker 5: any time in the last decade or so. The Turks 69 00:04:54,600 --> 00:04:58,039 Speaker 5: are now the big boys on the proverbial block, and 70 00:04:58,120 --> 00:05:01,520 Speaker 5: their motives are mixed here, but they will be the 71 00:05:02,400 --> 00:05:05,240 Speaker 5: great power, the regional power to watch. 72 00:05:05,240 --> 00:05:06,919 Speaker 3: All right, eron, Thank you so much for joining us, 73 00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:09,479 Speaker 3: Aaron David Miller, he's a senior fellow at the Carnegian 74 00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:12,880 Speaker 3: Dowmond for International piece joining us from Washington, DC. And 75 00:05:13,040 --> 00:05:15,800 Speaker 3: you know, one of the questions I have ongoing will 76 00:05:15,839 --> 00:05:18,360 Speaker 3: be what role with any will the US play and 77 00:05:18,400 --> 00:05:19,560 Speaker 3: how this thing develops, and we. 78 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:23,440 Speaker 6: Did mention we will for the flow of refugees, which 79 00:05:23,600 --> 00:05:26,840 Speaker 6: from Syria has kind of shaped the political landscape. 80 00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:29,480 Speaker 3: Of Europe yep. And I'm just kind of seeing some 81 00:05:29,520 --> 00:05:31,080 Speaker 3: of the reporting today. You know, two and a half 82 00:05:31,080 --> 00:05:34,839 Speaker 3: million of refugees have gone to Turkey and some three 83 00:05:34,839 --> 00:05:38,640 Speaker 3: million to your point, John, So again a fluid situation 84 00:05:38,720 --> 00:05:39,040 Speaker 3: over there. 85 00:05:39,080 --> 00:05:41,359 Speaker 1: Will keep up with the reporting. 86 00:05:42,960 --> 00:05:46,839 Speaker 2: You're listening to the Bloomberg Intelligence Podcast. Catch us live 87 00:05:46,920 --> 00:05:49,960 Speaker 2: weekdays at ten am Eastern on Apple, card Play and 88 00:05:49,960 --> 00:05:52,880 Speaker 2: Android Otto with the Bloomberg Business App. You can also 89 00:05:52,960 --> 00:05:56,440 Speaker 2: listen live on Amazon Alexa from our flagship New York station, 90 00:05:56,839 --> 00:05:59,599 Speaker 2: Just say Alexa play Bloomberg eleven thirty. 91 00:06:01,240 --> 00:06:04,599 Speaker 3: Let's refocus on what is happening on the geopolitical front, 92 00:06:04,600 --> 00:06:07,960 Speaker 3: because clearly front and center for many investors, particularly what's 93 00:06:07,960 --> 00:06:10,880 Speaker 3: happening in Syria over the last several days. Kirsten Fontin 94 00:06:10,960 --> 00:06:13,920 Speaker 3: Rose joins US. She's a president of Red six Internationals. 95 00:06:14,000 --> 00:06:16,560 Speaker 3: She's also a Senior Fellow at the Atlanta Council and 96 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:18,520 Speaker 3: was a senior director for the Middle East and the 97 00:06:18,560 --> 00:06:23,200 Speaker 3: last US administration. Kirsten, what's happening in the Middle East 98 00:06:23,279 --> 00:06:24,680 Speaker 3: and why is that happening now? 99 00:06:26,720 --> 00:06:32,280 Speaker 7: It's an interesting confluence of potentially unrelated events in the 100 00:06:32,360 --> 00:06:35,400 Speaker 7: Middle East that is all leading to things like Iranian 101 00:06:35,480 --> 00:06:40,280 Speaker 7: foreign policy imploding Russia's model of taking fringe groups from 102 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:46,440 Speaker 7: zero to hero, imploding Israel's ability to potentially uproot the 103 00:06:46,640 --> 00:06:52,520 Speaker 7: threats it faces from several fronts increasing So we're Turkey's 104 00:06:52,839 --> 00:06:56,839 Speaker 7: diplomatic efforts that looked a little precarious beginning to pay off. 105 00:06:57,160 --> 00:06:59,120 Speaker 7: So there are a whole lot of effects coming out 106 00:06:59,120 --> 00:07:03,760 Speaker 7: of these potential unrelated events. In terms of things like 107 00:07:03,839 --> 00:07:08,880 Speaker 7: Iran's implosion. They've spent years arming other militaries and militias 108 00:07:08,920 --> 00:07:12,040 Speaker 7: to antagonize their adversaries, and now each of these is 109 00:07:12,040 --> 00:07:15,120 Speaker 7: being decapitated except for the Houthis in Yemen, and so 110 00:07:15,200 --> 00:07:18,600 Speaker 7: Iran is going to be forced to update its foreign policy, 111 00:07:19,000 --> 00:07:21,600 Speaker 7: and we should be watching them for the choices they make. 112 00:07:21,720 --> 00:07:24,880 Speaker 7: For instance, will it double down on its militia model 113 00:07:24,920 --> 00:07:28,080 Speaker 7: and press its malicious in Iraq to stage work frequent attacks, 114 00:07:28,400 --> 00:07:30,040 Speaker 7: or is it going to build up the hooth these 115 00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:32,960 Speaker 7: capabilities in Yemen to interrupt shipping in the Red Sea, 116 00:07:33,000 --> 00:07:35,880 Speaker 7: perhaps even beyond the Red Sea to waters farther. 117 00:07:35,720 --> 00:07:38,040 Speaker 8: Northwest or south. Or is it going to. 118 00:07:38,560 --> 00:07:41,680 Speaker 7: Offer more support to groups like the Polisario in the 119 00:07:41,680 --> 00:07:44,880 Speaker 7: North Africa that it is supported before, or will it 120 00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:48,880 Speaker 7: completely flip flip the text on this and rush to 121 00:07:48,920 --> 00:07:52,160 Speaker 7: complete its fighter jet purses from Russia out of fear 122 00:07:52,240 --> 00:07:54,520 Speaker 7: that Israel may choose to hit them while they're down, 123 00:07:54,560 --> 00:07:56,160 Speaker 7: which is a realistic fear. 124 00:07:57,360 --> 00:07:58,480 Speaker 8: Again, we could see that it might. 125 00:07:58,480 --> 00:08:00,720 Speaker 7: Even be easier for Iran and the U to reach 126 00:08:00,760 --> 00:08:03,200 Speaker 7: a nuclear agreement now since one of the key sticking 127 00:08:03,200 --> 00:08:06,600 Speaker 7: points was the activity of Iran's militias that are now crippled. 128 00:08:06,920 --> 00:08:09,760 Speaker 7: So what'll we be watching to see how Iran plays this. 129 00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:12,600 Speaker 7: All we know so far is that it is confirmed 130 00:08:12,640 --> 00:08:17,680 Speaker 7: through foreign ministry statements that the supply route with which 131 00:08:17,720 --> 00:08:21,120 Speaker 7: it supplies weapons to Hibaala through Syria has been severed. 132 00:08:21,160 --> 00:08:22,480 Speaker 8: So this is to Israel's. 133 00:08:22,120 --> 00:08:25,840 Speaker 7: Advantage, and the Syrian foreign minister was part I'm sorry. 134 00:08:25,880 --> 00:08:27,800 Speaker 7: The Iranian foreign minister was part of a meeting in 135 00:08:27,840 --> 00:08:32,400 Speaker 7: Doha last Saturday in which several Arab foreign ministers joined him, 136 00:08:32,640 --> 00:08:35,959 Speaker 7: and they issued a joint statement calling for a ceasefire 137 00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:38,800 Speaker 7: and for a political solution in Iran. So it's interesting 138 00:08:38,840 --> 00:08:41,240 Speaker 7: to watch Iran now try to be part of a 139 00:08:41,280 --> 00:08:44,600 Speaker 7: solution instead of remaining part of the problem for all 140 00:08:44,600 --> 00:08:46,640 Speaker 7: the Syrians who are celebrating in the streets. 141 00:08:47,080 --> 00:08:51,840 Speaker 6: Was the murderous Assad regime ever a stabilizing factor in 142 00:08:51,920 --> 00:08:55,200 Speaker 6: that part of the world, And how do we gauge 143 00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:58,000 Speaker 6: whether or not the country has gone from the frying 144 00:08:58,040 --> 00:08:58,959 Speaker 6: pan into the fire. 145 00:09:00,280 --> 00:09:03,040 Speaker 7: To a certain extent, You're right, the Asad regime was 146 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:06,559 Speaker 7: stabilizing only in the sense that it was predictable, and 147 00:09:06,720 --> 00:09:09,880 Speaker 7: many of the countries, including Golf States and Israel, at 148 00:09:09,880 --> 00:09:12,320 Speaker 7: some points, thought it was better to deal with the 149 00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:15,839 Speaker 7: devil they knew than deal with an unknown devil who 150 00:09:15,880 --> 00:09:19,160 Speaker 7: would potentially be an Islamist Jihada state as we may 151 00:09:19,240 --> 00:09:22,480 Speaker 7: be looking at now. So that fear led many of 152 00:09:22,520 --> 00:09:25,600 Speaker 7: them to think, if we can keep him in place, 153 00:09:25,720 --> 00:09:28,040 Speaker 7: we at least know what his redlines are, what his 154 00:09:28,120 --> 00:09:32,880 Speaker 7: capabilities are, and we don't see him making active moves 155 00:09:32,920 --> 00:09:36,000 Speaker 7: against any of us. He is simply enabling things that 156 00:09:36,080 --> 00:09:40,200 Speaker 7: threaten us, like housing Husbalah if you're Israel, or like 157 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:43,520 Speaker 7: enabling the Captigone trade if you're the Golf or. 158 00:09:43,520 --> 00:09:47,480 Speaker 3: Jordan so Kirson, what role do you believe the US 159 00:09:47,800 --> 00:09:50,880 Speaker 3: should play, will play, if any, in Syria? 160 00:09:52,520 --> 00:09:55,920 Speaker 7: Well, right now we're watching the US administration really engage 161 00:09:55,920 --> 00:09:58,880 Speaker 7: in some diplomacy, trying to understand who the players are 162 00:09:59,160 --> 00:10:02,199 Speaker 7: and wanting to stay stay involved and up to date, 163 00:10:03,080 --> 00:10:06,480 Speaker 7: really urging for ceasefires, urging for things like humanitarian assistance 164 00:10:06,520 --> 00:10:07,560 Speaker 7: to continue to Syria. 165 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:10,719 Speaker 8: The Donald Trump team has made it clear that they 166 00:10:10,760 --> 00:10:12,240 Speaker 8: don't do not think there's a. 167 00:10:12,280 --> 00:10:16,960 Speaker 7: US interest involved in getting engaged in this conflict right now, 168 00:10:17,080 --> 00:10:20,000 Speaker 7: They want to watch it play out. They are making 169 00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:24,480 Speaker 7: statements about Israel's right to definitely defend itself during all 170 00:10:24,480 --> 00:10:27,640 Speaker 7: of this against whatever may come, and they are making 171 00:10:27,640 --> 00:10:33,000 Speaker 7: statements about how this disavows Russia's promises to the region 172 00:10:33,040 --> 00:10:35,280 Speaker 7: that it is a strong security partner. 173 00:10:35,760 --> 00:10:38,760 Speaker 8: So you are seeing them way in on how they're 174 00:10:38,800 --> 00:10:39,440 Speaker 8: reading the. 175 00:10:39,360 --> 00:10:42,600 Speaker 7: Tea leaves, but not making any promises on a role 176 00:10:42,679 --> 00:10:43,480 Speaker 7: the US would play. 177 00:10:44,520 --> 00:10:48,560 Speaker 6: Does Israel use this now as the opportunity to address 178 00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:52,600 Speaker 6: all their security concerns as it related to the north 179 00:10:52,640 --> 00:10:53,200 Speaker 6: of the border. 180 00:10:54,640 --> 00:10:56,720 Speaker 8: That is the big question, It sure could. 181 00:10:56,760 --> 00:10:59,160 Speaker 7: The question that everyone is holding their breath on is 182 00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:01,920 Speaker 7: what will Israel do. We are already watching them this 183 00:11:01,960 --> 00:11:05,160 Speaker 7: week strike chemical weapons sites and stores of long range 184 00:11:05,160 --> 00:11:09,439 Speaker 7: missiles inside Syria to prevent either Iran back militias, Russia 185 00:11:09,559 --> 00:11:13,040 Speaker 7: or frankly unknown factions of HTS from taking possession of those. 186 00:11:13,559 --> 00:11:17,160 Speaker 7: And it's striking air defense radars, anti aircraft batteries, and 187 00:11:17,240 --> 00:11:20,000 Speaker 7: military aircraft on the ground in Syria as well to 188 00:11:20,200 --> 00:11:23,960 Speaker 7: ensure that the Israel can continue its operations to erase 189 00:11:24,080 --> 00:11:26,960 Speaker 7: weapons stockpiles that could threaten Israel in the future if 190 00:11:26,960 --> 00:11:29,880 Speaker 7: it did fall into these hands. And note also that 191 00:11:29,960 --> 00:11:32,000 Speaker 7: this would give them a clear path to fly over 192 00:11:32,080 --> 00:11:36,320 Speaker 7: Syrian airspace en route to Iran if desired. But we 193 00:11:36,320 --> 00:11:39,199 Speaker 7: could also see Israel choose a path where they work 194 00:11:39,240 --> 00:11:42,480 Speaker 7: with a new government in Syria to potentially establish peace 195 00:11:42,520 --> 00:11:45,679 Speaker 7: along their shared border. In fact, they may have already 196 00:11:45,720 --> 00:11:49,000 Speaker 7: made an overture to President Asad in Syria just before 197 00:11:49,040 --> 00:11:52,760 Speaker 7: his ouster, offering to encourage the US to throttle back 198 00:11:52,800 --> 00:11:55,840 Speaker 7: sanctions against him in exchange for him helping to halt 199 00:11:55,880 --> 00:11:59,120 Speaker 7: the flow of weapons from Iran to Hsbala through Syria. 200 00:11:59,200 --> 00:12:02,080 Speaker 7: And there's a hinge ready of the possibility that Israel 201 00:12:02,080 --> 00:12:06,079 Speaker 7: could also now reach out to HTS or the developing 202 00:12:06,320 --> 00:12:10,040 Speaker 7: transitional government inside Syria and in that the indication is 203 00:12:10,040 --> 00:12:14,320 Speaker 7: that HTS has deconflicted its operations near the Israeli border 204 00:12:14,360 --> 00:12:18,280 Speaker 7: in areas like Kunetra with the Israelis. So could this 205 00:12:18,320 --> 00:12:22,320 Speaker 7: paveaway for that border to quiet down and for peace there. 206 00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:22,920 Speaker 8: To be cemented. 207 00:12:23,800 --> 00:12:26,800 Speaker 7: Israel is logically concerned about Syria falling into the hands 208 00:12:26,800 --> 00:12:30,480 Speaker 7: of Islamist extremists and would not feel any peace was 209 00:12:30,520 --> 00:12:33,080 Speaker 7: secure as long as that ideology ruled Syria. 210 00:12:33,120 --> 00:12:36,720 Speaker 8: But peace on that border in the near to midterm. 211 00:12:36,520 --> 00:12:39,719 Speaker 7: Would definitely allow them to focus on things they need 212 00:12:39,760 --> 00:12:41,520 Speaker 7: to finish with Hamas and Husball up. 213 00:12:41,600 --> 00:12:43,840 Speaker 3: Hey, Kirsten, just about thirty seconds left. How big of 214 00:12:43,840 --> 00:12:46,360 Speaker 3: a blow is the fall of this Assad regime to 215 00:12:46,480 --> 00:12:49,120 Speaker 3: President Putin and Russia? 216 00:12:49,240 --> 00:12:52,960 Speaker 7: So the blow is that the Russian model is to 217 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:56,600 Speaker 7: support unpopular dictators across the globe to gain access and 218 00:12:56,640 --> 00:13:00,840 Speaker 7: concessions to valuable resources in their countries. Syria was an example, 219 00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:06,000 Speaker 7: so or Niger, Mali, Burkina, Fosso, Central African Republic, and 220 00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:08,880 Speaker 7: Russia has relied on its air base in Syria to 221 00:13:08,920 --> 00:13:11,599 Speaker 7: fly people in and extracted gold. 222 00:13:11,320 --> 00:13:12,320 Speaker 8: And other minerals out. 223 00:13:12,360 --> 00:13:14,840 Speaker 7: So it's been more than even just the relationship with Syria, 224 00:13:15,040 --> 00:13:18,000 Speaker 7: and it's access to that naval base in Tartuose that 225 00:13:18,040 --> 00:13:19,880 Speaker 7: puts it so close to NATO and on the med 226 00:13:20,320 --> 00:13:23,040 Speaker 7: But now their operations in Africa and other places are 227 00:13:23,040 --> 00:13:25,840 Speaker 7: curtailed because of their reliance on that air base in Syria. 228 00:13:26,280 --> 00:13:29,040 Speaker 8: So to what extent in the long term this. 229 00:13:28,960 --> 00:13:32,080 Speaker 7: Will be curtailed depends on the relationship it develops and 230 00:13:32,120 --> 00:13:34,320 Speaker 7: the deal it strikes for use of the airbase by 231 00:13:34,320 --> 00:13:38,040 Speaker 7: whatever government is stood up in Syria. We also now 232 00:13:38,080 --> 00:13:40,959 Speaker 7: see Turkey saying it will not allow Russian vessels to 233 00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:42,439 Speaker 7: pass through the dark kneills until. 234 00:13:42,280 --> 00:13:43,720 Speaker 8: Russia makes peace with Ukraine. 235 00:13:44,080 --> 00:13:47,040 Speaker 7: So the fall in Syria is also impacting Russia's ability 236 00:13:47,080 --> 00:13:48,480 Speaker 7: to wage war in Ukraine. 237 00:13:48,679 --> 00:13:50,560 Speaker 3: All right, Kirsten, thank you so much for joining us. 238 00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:54,640 Speaker 3: Kirsten fontin Rose, President of Red six International, again the 239 00:13:54,720 --> 00:13:58,679 Speaker 3: latest on a continuing developing story in Syria and in 240 00:13:58,720 --> 00:14:03,400 Speaker 3: the Greater Middle East. I guess the one constant is turmoil. 241 00:14:03,520 --> 00:14:07,560 Speaker 3: It seems uncertainty change in that part of the world, 242 00:14:07,920 --> 00:14:08,959 Speaker 3: and we'll keep an eye on that. 243 00:14:10,320 --> 00:14:14,200 Speaker 2: You're listening to the Bloomberg Intelligence Podcast. Catch us Live 244 00:14:14,280 --> 00:14:17,640 Speaker 2: weekdays at ten am Eastern on Affo cardplaying Android otto 245 00:14:17,720 --> 00:14:20,600 Speaker 2: with the Bloomberg Business App. Listen on demand wherever you 246 00:14:20,720 --> 00:14:23,680 Speaker 2: get your podcasts, or watch us live on YouTube. 247 00:14:25,360 --> 00:14:27,320 Speaker 3: I'm Paul swinging your live here in our Bloomberg Interactive 248 00:14:27,360 --> 00:14:30,000 Speaker 3: Brokers studio. We're streaming live on YouTube as well as 249 00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:32,280 Speaker 3: ahead over YouTube dot Com search Bloomberg Podcast and that's 250 00:14:32,320 --> 00:14:33,840 Speaker 3: where you'll find this. Let's start off with a little 251 00:14:33,920 --> 00:14:37,040 Speaker 3: m and a nice busy Monday. I like that Mandalize 252 00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:41,280 Speaker 3: said Tamola takeover us chocolate maker Hershey, this is gonna 253 00:14:41,280 --> 00:14:41,720 Speaker 3: be a big deal. 254 00:14:41,800 --> 00:14:43,160 Speaker 1: I mean Hers, She's got a market cap. 255 00:14:43,040 --> 00:14:45,160 Speaker 3: Have like forty billion, another ten billion of debt, so 256 00:14:45,280 --> 00:14:48,560 Speaker 3: fifty billion of market for enterprise value. Jen Bartasha, she 257 00:14:48,640 --> 00:14:50,920 Speaker 3: covers as part of the world for Bloomberg Intelligence on 258 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:55,200 Speaker 3: the retail side. Hey Jen, why is Mandalize considering this 259 00:14:55,320 --> 00:14:56,000 Speaker 3: deal for Hershey? 260 00:14:57,560 --> 00:14:58,000 Speaker 1: Hi, Paul. 261 00:14:58,400 --> 00:15:00,560 Speaker 9: So really, when we look at the deal, it's about 262 00:15:00,800 --> 00:15:02,880 Speaker 9: how are they going to prop up sales? How are 263 00:15:02,880 --> 00:15:05,720 Speaker 9: they going to continue to grow share? And they've been 264 00:15:05,840 --> 00:15:08,760 Speaker 9: very open that tacking on to their portfolio is one 265 00:15:08,760 --> 00:15:11,960 Speaker 9: of the methods that they do in order to really 266 00:15:12,200 --> 00:15:15,160 Speaker 9: continue to grow as a company. But this is a 267 00:15:15,400 --> 00:15:19,560 Speaker 9: big deal and so it would have to be really 268 00:15:20,040 --> 00:15:22,400 Speaker 9: it's really considered a transformational deal at this size. 269 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:26,480 Speaker 6: Can you explain to everybody this mysterious entity known as 270 00:15:26,520 --> 00:15:30,040 Speaker 6: the Hershey Trust and how they can have to cooperate 271 00:15:30,080 --> 00:15:30,240 Speaker 6: in this? 272 00:15:31,800 --> 00:15:36,000 Speaker 9: Absolutely? So, Hershey is you know, has a long history, 273 00:15:36,920 --> 00:15:41,640 Speaker 9: and you know about eighty percent of their shares they 274 00:15:41,640 --> 00:15:45,040 Speaker 9: have a dual clust share structure, and about eighty percent 275 00:15:45,120 --> 00:15:48,080 Speaker 9: of voting shares are held by the Hershey Trust, which 276 00:15:48,120 --> 00:15:50,400 Speaker 9: means that they have to approve any kind of deal. 277 00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:53,800 Speaker 9: And this is really just because Hershey as a company 278 00:15:55,200 --> 00:15:59,400 Speaker 9: is that Hershey Trust uses money from Hershey in order 279 00:15:59,480 --> 00:16:03,160 Speaker 9: to support charities, right, and so the approval of the 280 00:16:03,200 --> 00:16:07,040 Speaker 9: trust is required. But in addition to that, Pennsylvania law 281 00:16:07,240 --> 00:16:10,520 Speaker 9: also requires that the Office of the Attorney General be 282 00:16:10,600 --> 00:16:13,520 Speaker 9: provided with notice of a deal, and that office has 283 00:16:13,560 --> 00:16:16,280 Speaker 9: the ability to stop a transaction if they think that 284 00:16:16,360 --> 00:16:19,160 Speaker 9: the fiduciary obligations of the trust will not be met. 285 00:16:19,640 --> 00:16:24,120 Speaker 9: So there are a lot of steps structurally in place 286 00:16:24,240 --> 00:16:28,040 Speaker 9: that could make such a takeover of Hershey really difficult. 287 00:16:28,120 --> 00:16:30,840 Speaker 3: All right, what does our anti trust analyst, Jennifer Ree, 288 00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:33,000 Speaker 3: what does she say about this deal with the DOJ, 289 00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:35,280 Speaker 3: the FTC and all the regulars DC, will they allow 290 00:16:35,320 --> 00:16:36,040 Speaker 3: this deal to go through? 291 00:16:36,920 --> 00:16:39,880 Speaker 9: Well, that's the other that's the next stumbling block. You know, 292 00:16:39,960 --> 00:16:44,560 Speaker 9: the FTC has been really reticent with regards to big deals, 293 00:16:45,080 --> 00:16:47,920 Speaker 9: especially in the last two years. When you look at 294 00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:50,480 Speaker 9: market share, which is really one of the things that 295 00:16:50,600 --> 00:16:54,760 Speaker 9: their decision would hinge off of. Hershey has has over 296 00:16:54,880 --> 00:16:57,440 Speaker 9: thirty seven percent of the US market share and Chocolate 297 00:16:58,240 --> 00:17:02,560 Speaker 9: Mandal's has just under two percent, So again you're not 298 00:17:02,680 --> 00:17:06,600 Speaker 9: combining two huge market shares, but together it would it 299 00:17:06,600 --> 00:17:09,159 Speaker 9: would continue to be the largest market share in the 300 00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:12,200 Speaker 9: United States, and that is higher than what Mars has 301 00:17:12,280 --> 00:17:12,600 Speaker 9: as well. 302 00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:15,640 Speaker 6: They trying to do this before Ray they did. 303 00:17:15,720 --> 00:17:18,960 Speaker 9: They tried this in twenty sixteen, and back in twenty sixteen, 304 00:17:19,160 --> 00:17:21,920 Speaker 9: the enterprise value of Her She was only twenty five billion. 305 00:17:22,600 --> 00:17:25,240 Speaker 9: Today it's, as Paul said at the opening, you know, 306 00:17:25,359 --> 00:17:29,840 Speaker 9: closer to fifty billion. So you know it's they walked 307 00:17:29,880 --> 00:17:32,720 Speaker 9: away last time because they weren't able to get all 308 00:17:32,760 --> 00:17:36,199 Speaker 9: of the approvals in place, and the cost wasn't they 309 00:17:36,240 --> 00:17:38,320 Speaker 9: weren't able to offer the premium that her She was 310 00:17:38,400 --> 00:17:40,960 Speaker 9: looking for. So there are a lot of questions of 311 00:17:41,040 --> 00:17:44,600 Speaker 9: whether this deal would actually go through and if an 312 00:17:44,640 --> 00:17:46,919 Speaker 9: offer could be made that would be tempting enough for Hershey. 313 00:17:47,320 --> 00:17:49,159 Speaker 3: All right, Jen, thanks so much for joining us at 314 00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:52,000 Speaker 3: Jen Bartasha. She covers all the retail stuff for Bloomberg Intelligence. 315 00:17:52,520 --> 00:17:55,080 Speaker 3: Give's some thoughts on this deal, Mondo Liz taking a 316 00:17:55,119 --> 00:17:56,520 Speaker 3: look at Hershe system. 317 00:17:56,520 --> 00:17:58,639 Speaker 6: I'm thinking chocolate covered maccheese. 318 00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:00,720 Speaker 1: Sure, why not? That could be a new thing. You 319 00:18:00,760 --> 00:18:03,080 Speaker 1: got a product extension, you know. 320 00:18:03,400 --> 00:18:05,640 Speaker 3: I pitched the Hershey Trust a billion times a sell 321 00:18:05,680 --> 00:18:06,920 Speaker 3: and it got nowhere. 322 00:18:07,400 --> 00:18:08,919 Speaker 1: So I'll be intering to see who and you had 323 00:18:08,960 --> 00:18:10,800 Speaker 1: it in finally get Yeah, who finally gets paid. 324 00:18:10,840 --> 00:18:16,159 Speaker 2: Here you're listening to the Bloomberg Intelligence Podcast. Catch us 325 00:18:16,240 --> 00:18:19,359 Speaker 2: live weekdays at ten am Eastern on Apple card Play 326 00:18:19,440 --> 00:18:22,239 Speaker 2: and Android Auto with a Bloomberg Business Act. You can 327 00:18:22,320 --> 00:18:25,520 Speaker 2: also listen live on Amazon Alexa from our flagship New 328 00:18:25,600 --> 00:18:29,520 Speaker 2: York station Just Say Alexa, playing Bloomberg eleven thirty. 329 00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:32,840 Speaker 1: More newsflow Here today, we're going to stay on top 330 00:18:32,880 --> 00:18:33,040 Speaker 1: of it. 331 00:18:33,240 --> 00:18:36,400 Speaker 3: A marine veteran who used a chokehold on an agitated 332 00:18:36,440 --> 00:18:39,960 Speaker 3: subway rider was acquitted Monday in a death that became 333 00:18:40,040 --> 00:18:43,919 Speaker 3: a prison for differing views about public safety, valor, and vigilanteism. 334 00:18:44,400 --> 00:18:45,280 Speaker 1: Let's break it down. 335 00:18:45,600 --> 00:18:47,879 Speaker 3: We have Miles Miller joining us here, a Bloomberg's managing 336 00:18:48,040 --> 00:18:50,240 Speaker 3: editor here in our studio. 337 00:18:50,400 --> 00:18:52,639 Speaker 1: Miles, what's going on here? Give us a background of 338 00:18:52,680 --> 00:18:52,960 Speaker 1: the story. 339 00:18:53,040 --> 00:18:56,440 Speaker 10: Yeah, so this goes back to May one, twenty twenty three. 340 00:18:57,160 --> 00:19:01,040 Speaker 10: Jordan Neely and Michael Jackson, impersonator is on a train 341 00:19:01,800 --> 00:19:04,159 Speaker 10: and he's begging for money. And it starts out with 342 00:19:04,320 --> 00:19:06,600 Speaker 10: just begging for money and then it turns into something 343 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:12,240 Speaker 10: which Daniel Penny, a former marine, found threatening. He decided 344 00:19:12,320 --> 00:19:15,760 Speaker 10: to a place nearly in a chokehold to restrain him 345 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:19,600 Speaker 10: and it wound up taking his life. Now, you know, 346 00:19:20,119 --> 00:19:22,639 Speaker 10: in covering, you know what happened after that. He you know, 347 00:19:22,720 --> 00:19:25,680 Speaker 10: obviously there was a video of it and all of that. 348 00:19:25,800 --> 00:19:29,600 Speaker 10: He didn't initially get charged. He then was charged days 349 00:19:29,680 --> 00:19:32,240 Speaker 10: later after protests. And when he was charged, he was 350 00:19:32,359 --> 00:19:37,480 Speaker 10: charged with initially manslaughter and criminally negligent homicide. Now manslaughter 351 00:19:37,520 --> 00:19:41,320 Speaker 10: and criminally negligent homicide. So what happened on Friday is 352 00:19:41,359 --> 00:19:43,800 Speaker 10: that the jury told the judge that they were hopelessly 353 00:19:43,840 --> 00:19:46,399 Speaker 10: deadlocked and could not come to an agreement on that 354 00:19:47,080 --> 00:19:49,000 Speaker 10: tougher charge being guilty of manslaughter. 355 00:19:49,240 --> 00:19:51,200 Speaker 6: And boy did this touch of nerve. I mean, just 356 00:19:51,320 --> 00:19:55,840 Speaker 6: walking in midtown yesterday, the number of free Penny stickers 357 00:19:55,920 --> 00:20:00,560 Speaker 6: on lampposts elsewhere. Being in the subway confronted by someone 358 00:20:00,640 --> 00:20:05,159 Speaker 6: who may be mentally unstable, the threat there as a 359 00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:10,480 Speaker 6: subway rider, as an individual, it just enhanced by that atmosphere. 360 00:20:10,880 --> 00:20:13,840 Speaker 10: Yeah, and the jurors ultimately decided today that his actions 361 00:20:13,880 --> 00:20:17,440 Speaker 10: weren't criminal when he held Jordan Neely in that choke 362 00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:20,399 Speaker 10: hold to prevent what he thought would be danger to 363 00:20:20,960 --> 00:20:24,280 Speaker 10: other people in that car. The jurors came to that 364 00:20:24,359 --> 00:20:27,840 Speaker 10: decision this morning. He was acquitted, and there were cheers 365 00:20:27,960 --> 00:20:30,240 Speaker 10: outside of the court. There are people there in support 366 00:20:30,359 --> 00:20:33,360 Speaker 10: and in protest to him. In fact, Jordan Neely's father 367 00:20:33,520 --> 00:20:36,119 Speaker 10: was inside the courtroom shouted, had to be removed by 368 00:20:36,280 --> 00:20:37,000 Speaker 10: court officers. 369 00:20:37,359 --> 00:20:40,760 Speaker 6: How much of this, in your opinion, sort of mirrors 370 00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:44,639 Speaker 6: We have to go pretty far back. But the subway 371 00:20:44,720 --> 00:20:47,280 Speaker 6: vigilantic case in the form of Bernie Getz. 372 00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:49,800 Speaker 10: Yeah, you know, I was in the courtroom the day 373 00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:53,280 Speaker 10: that Daniel Penny was brought in the day he was 374 00:20:53,359 --> 00:20:56,119 Speaker 10: let out of the Fifth Precinct, and that comparison had 375 00:20:56,160 --> 00:20:58,480 Speaker 10: been made by so many legal scholars, and it would 376 00:20:58,480 --> 00:21:02,119 Speaker 10: appear again today that you know that this was a 377 00:21:02,200 --> 00:21:06,240 Speaker 10: determination by these jurors that in fact, this was a 378 00:21:06,359 --> 00:21:08,800 Speaker 10: case of a person trying to step into help and 379 00:21:08,920 --> 00:21:11,200 Speaker 10: they felt that he was just trying to help and 380 00:21:11,280 --> 00:21:14,480 Speaker 10: he didn't mean to take this person's life, and drawing 381 00:21:14,520 --> 00:21:16,800 Speaker 10: obviously comparison, Sabernie gots so. 382 00:21:16,920 --> 00:21:19,920 Speaker 3: This case, this, according to the eightp the case amplified 383 00:21:19,960 --> 00:21:24,600 Speaker 3: many American fault lines, among them race, politics, crime, urban life, 384 00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:28,919 Speaker 3: mental illness, and homelessness. Mister Neely was black, mister Penny 385 00:21:29,280 --> 00:21:34,840 Speaker 3: is white. Did the judge even acknowledge that type of stuffer? 386 00:21:34,880 --> 00:21:35,919 Speaker 3: Is they trying to really stay here? 387 00:21:35,960 --> 00:21:38,040 Speaker 10: You know, they stayed to the merits of this case. 388 00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:40,680 Speaker 10: I think that, you know, obviously outside the courtroom and 389 00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:43,480 Speaker 10: the windows were open in the courtroom today and throughout 390 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:47,159 Speaker 10: the trial inside the courtroom, you could hear the chance 391 00:21:47,240 --> 00:21:49,560 Speaker 10: of people who were on both sides of the divide here. 392 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:52,280 Speaker 10: And in fact, they called for a mistrial today, the 393 00:21:52,720 --> 00:21:55,560 Speaker 10: defense team because they said that was going to you know, 394 00:21:55,840 --> 00:21:57,640 Speaker 10: that was going to make sure the jury wasn't impartial, 395 00:21:57,680 --> 00:21:59,600 Speaker 10: and it they actually turned out the other way. The 396 00:21:59,720 --> 00:22:03,920 Speaker 10: jury found that in this case, Daniel Penny did not 397 00:22:04,280 --> 00:22:07,240 Speaker 10: mean to do this. And it's actually it's really interesting 398 00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:09,359 Speaker 10: because there was a case just like this in Brooklyn. 399 00:22:09,560 --> 00:22:13,560 Speaker 10: Another guy was threatening people on the train. This other 400 00:22:13,640 --> 00:22:18,200 Speaker 10: guy went up to him, confronted him, and the Brooklyn 401 00:22:18,280 --> 00:22:20,280 Speaker 10: DA said, there's no case here. This was a guy 402 00:22:20,320 --> 00:22:21,760 Speaker 10: who was trying to do the right thing. The guy 403 00:22:21,760 --> 00:22:24,879 Speaker 10: wound up dying, and you know, it drew parallel to 404 00:22:24,960 --> 00:22:27,520 Speaker 10: this case. The only thing is in both the race 405 00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:30,000 Speaker 10: of both of those people who were the same in Brooklyn, 406 00:22:30,200 --> 00:22:32,200 Speaker 10: in this case it was different, and it was obviously 407 00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:32,919 Speaker 10: a charge environment. 408 00:22:32,920 --> 00:22:34,680 Speaker 6: Well what was the makeup of the jury here? And 409 00:22:34,800 --> 00:22:37,720 Speaker 6: did they all say they were frequent users of the subway? 410 00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:40,680 Speaker 10: You know, I looked at a sketch, you know, I 411 00:22:40,720 --> 00:22:42,879 Speaker 10: looked at the sketch of the jurors and it was 412 00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:44,720 Speaker 10: a it was a mix of New York City and 413 00:22:45,080 --> 00:22:48,560 Speaker 10: you know, they questioned, do people, you know in their 414 00:22:48,920 --> 00:22:51,040 Speaker 10: wardier process, do you take the subway? Do you know 415 00:22:51,119 --> 00:22:53,400 Speaker 10: anything about this case? It's kind of impossible to find 416 00:22:53,400 --> 00:22:55,359 Speaker 10: a jury that didn't know anything about this case because 417 00:22:55,400 --> 00:22:57,880 Speaker 10: it was a fever pitch when this happened. 418 00:22:57,760 --> 00:22:59,680 Speaker 6: So we pivot real quick and get the update on 419 00:22:59,760 --> 00:23:04,280 Speaker 6: the United Health Group executive Brian Thompson his murder in Midtown. 420 00:23:04,720 --> 00:23:04,920 Speaker 2: Yeah. 421 00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:10,200 Speaker 10: So this morning in Altuna, Pennsylvania, police there held a 422 00:23:10,280 --> 00:23:13,040 Speaker 10: man for questioning a connection with this shooting. The man 423 00:23:13,200 --> 00:23:16,119 Speaker 10: was in a McDonald's in Altuna, Pennsylvania for some reason. 424 00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:18,439 Speaker 10: I think he was trying to pay for something at 425 00:23:18,440 --> 00:23:20,520 Speaker 10: that McDonald's and had to show an ID. He had 426 00:23:20,600 --> 00:23:24,080 Speaker 10: multiple fake IDs. People at that McDonald's called local police. 427 00:23:24,640 --> 00:23:27,400 Speaker 10: When they called, and they and they came. They found 428 00:23:27,440 --> 00:23:30,040 Speaker 10: that this man had multiple identifications and a gun with 429 00:23:30,119 --> 00:23:33,920 Speaker 10: a suppressor on him. Police from the NYPD are headed 430 00:23:34,200 --> 00:23:37,920 Speaker 10: to Altuna, Pennsylvania right now. It would make sense that 431 00:23:38,080 --> 00:23:41,280 Speaker 10: this person who's being questioned could be the same person, because, 432 00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:43,680 Speaker 10: of course they believe he took a bus out of 433 00:23:43,720 --> 00:23:46,840 Speaker 10: the bus terminal in Washington Heights. One of the roots 434 00:23:46,880 --> 00:23:49,480 Speaker 10: that you can do is go to Pennsylvania. They had 435 00:23:49,880 --> 00:23:53,080 Speaker 10: been searching all weekend for the gun, and if this 436 00:23:53,320 --> 00:23:55,800 Speaker 10: is correct, if police are able to boil this out, 437 00:23:56,240 --> 00:23:58,400 Speaker 10: it would appear that that gun wasn't in Central Park, 438 00:23:58,600 --> 00:24:00,800 Speaker 10: but rather on him of course, his weekend. They found 439 00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:03,440 Speaker 10: a book bag they believe linked to him and some 440 00:24:03,560 --> 00:24:06,160 Speaker 10: other evidence, but they had not been able to find 441 00:24:06,320 --> 00:24:09,600 Speaker 10: definitive DNA leading them to the suspect. 442 00:24:09,880 --> 00:24:12,000 Speaker 1: Miles, thank you so much for joining us. Appreciate your reporting. 443 00:24:12,040 --> 00:24:16,280 Speaker 3: Miles Miller, Bloomberg Managing Editor, keeping us up to date 444 00:24:16,359 --> 00:24:18,760 Speaker 3: on breaking news throughout the day and a lot. 445 00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:20,480 Speaker 1: Going on here. We appreciate getting a few minutes of 446 00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:20,880 Speaker 1: his time. 447 00:24:21,280 --> 00:24:25,760 Speaker 2: This is the Bloomberg Intelligence Podcast, available on Apple, Spotify, 448 00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:29,640 Speaker 2: and anywhere else you get your podcasts. 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