WEBVTT - Trains of Terror, Part 1

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind production of iHeartRadio.

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<v Speaker 2>Hey you welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind. My

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<v Speaker 2>name is Robert Lamb.

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<v Speaker 3>And I am Joe McCormick. And today is a thrilling

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<v Speaker 3>occasion for us here on the podcast because this very

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<v Speaker 3>episode is publishing on Tuesday, October first, twenty twenty four,

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<v Speaker 3>which makes it the inaugural entry in our traditional month

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<v Speaker 3>long celebration of Halloween. So longtime fans, you know what's

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<v Speaker 3>going on, you know what's in store. But in case

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<v Speaker 3>you're new to the show, the pitch is that every

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<v Speaker 3>October on Stuff to Blow Your Mind, we devote all

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<v Speaker 3>of that month's core episodes two topics related to monsters, ghosts, demons, curses,

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<v Speaker 3>and horror Halloween stuff, and also for our weird House

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<v Speaker 3>cinema episodes. For the Fridays of this month, we're going

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<v Speaker 3>to be looking at horror movies.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right. October is the month when you can turn

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<v Speaker 2>to Stuff to Blow Your Mind and find that we

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<v Speaker 2>were doing horror and monster stuff one hundred percent of

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<v Speaker 2>the time, as opposed to our normal like, I don't know,

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<v Speaker 2>thirty five to forty percent of the time.

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<v Speaker 3>That's right. People have pointed out before. I mean, we're

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<v Speaker 3>you know, we got monsters on the brain. That's kind

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<v Speaker 3>of how we are. So throughout the year you'll get

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<v Speaker 3>a smattering, but for October, it's it's all we do.

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<v Speaker 2>And I'm excited about the episode we're going to kick

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<v Speaker 2>off here today, the series we're kicking off here today

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<v Speaker 2>because this is a topic we've been talking about doing

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<v Speaker 2>for years now. This is well when we get around

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<v Speaker 2>to planning out our October episodes, this one's been on

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<v Speaker 2>the list for a while and we're finally hopping aboard.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I wonder why it took us this long. I

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<v Speaker 3>don't think there's a particular reason just shook out that way.

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<v Speaker 3>But today we're beginning a series on locomotive horror, the

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<v Speaker 3>mini shades of menace and supernatural fright that we have

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<v Speaker 3>projected onto trains. Now, this is a topic that's going

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<v Speaker 3>to take us into a bunch of different realms of folklore, history, science,

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<v Speaker 3>and technology. But I think the best best place to

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<v Speaker 3>begin here is to look at some famous examples of

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<v Speaker 3>trains in horror fiction and rob if you don't mind,

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<v Speaker 3>I want to kick things off with an example of

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<v Speaker 3>a story that I just read in full for the

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<v Speaker 3>first time this weekend.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, let's have it, okay.

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<v Speaker 3>So the story in question is a short tale of ghosts,

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<v Speaker 3>spectral visions, and premonitions by Charles Dickens, and it's called

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<v Speaker 3>The Signalman. This story was published in eighteen sixty six

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<v Speaker 3>as part of a set of short stories by Dickens

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<v Speaker 3>and a handful of other authors, with the collection as

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<v Speaker 3>a whole called Mugby Junction. So there's sort of a

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<v Speaker 3>locomotive and railroad theme running throughout. This collection was a

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<v Speaker 3>special Christmas edition of a magazine that Dickens founded called

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<v Speaker 3>All the Year Round. And I'm going to briefly summarize

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<v Speaker 3>the story, including the ending, so as a warning, if

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<v Speaker 3>you want to read it without having the ending spoiled,

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<v Speaker 3>you could pause and do that now. It's fairly short.

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<v Speaker 3>It only takes like twenty minutes or so to read.

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<v Speaker 3>The Signalman begins with an unnamed narrator who wanders to

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<v Speaker 3>the edge of a huge trench in the earth around

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<v Speaker 3>sunset one day. And at the bottom of this trench

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<v Speaker 3>there is a railway line leading into a dark tunnel.

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<v Speaker 3>And at the edge of the tunnel, beside the tracks

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<v Speaker 3>there is a tiny box like signal house and the

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<v Speaker 3>signalman who works it. So a bit of historical context

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<v Speaker 3>that helps you understand the story better. In the nineteenth century,

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<v Speaker 3>signal operators were a crucial part of railroads. These were

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<v Speaker 3>workers who had to stay at little houses beside the tracks,

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<v Speaker 3>and they would be equipped with lights and colored flags

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<v Speaker 3>and usually a telegraph line to relay information to and

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<v Speaker 3>about passing trains, which meant that signalers were pivotal to

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<v Speaker 3>railroad safety. They gave the trains information, They passed the

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<v Speaker 3>information via flags or sometimes even shouted verbal signals. They

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<v Speaker 3>passed information to oncoming in engine drivers, and this could

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<v Speaker 3>be information about the conditions of the tracks ahead, like

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<v Speaker 3>is there an obstruction, a flood, some of their kind

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<v Speaker 3>of problem, or about the movements of other trains like

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<v Speaker 3>was there a train stalled on the tracks ahead or

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<v Speaker 3>somewhere it shouldn't be. And they also kept information about

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<v Speaker 3>when trains passed to make sure everything was running on

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<v Speaker 3>schedule and alert other stations and trains if there was

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<v Speaker 3>some kind of danger or delay. They were also sometimes

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<v Speaker 3>responsible for operating track switches to divert the course of

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<v Speaker 3>a train, like if there's a fork in the line.

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<v Speaker 3>But because of the nature of their work, signal operators

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<v Speaker 3>were sometimes characterized as kind of pitiable people like it

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<v Speaker 3>was stressful work because the lives of many people were

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<v Speaker 3>in their hands. If they made a mistake, it could

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<v Speaker 3>lead to disaster. But it was also isolated, lonely work

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<v Speaker 3>because they would be spending long shifts by themselves in

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<v Speaker 3>remote and sometimes unpleasant locations along the rail lines. So

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<v Speaker 3>anyway back to the story. The narrator comes to a

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<v Speaker 3>deep cutting in the earth at the emergence of a

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<v Speaker 3>rail tunnel, and he looks down into it and sees

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<v Speaker 3>this tiny signal house and the man who works there

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<v Speaker 3>standing at the door. Curious. The narrator calls out and says, Helloa,

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<v Speaker 3>it's that one of those hellos that spelled halloa or

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<v Speaker 3>how you say that? Do you say the oa? Or

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<v Speaker 3>is that just oh hello, I die I'm not sure.

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<v Speaker 3>It's like balbo helloa. Below there, He's trying to get

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<v Speaker 3>the man's attention. The man at first seems confused and

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<v Speaker 3>even frightened, but then reluctantly invites the narrator down a

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<v Speaker 3>hidden pathway to meet him. And here, I'm going to

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<v Speaker 3>read a descriptive passage to communicate the atmosphere of the story.

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<v Speaker 3>The narrator says his post was in as solitary and

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<v Speaker 3>dismal a place as I ever saw. On either side,

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<v Speaker 3>a dripping, wet wall of jagged stone, excluding all view

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<v Speaker 3>but a strip of sky. The perspective one way only

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<v Speaker 3>a crooked prolongation of this great dungeon, the shorter perspective

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<v Speaker 3>in the other direction, terminating in a gloomy red light,

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<v Speaker 3>and the gloomier entrance to a black tunnel, in whose

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<v Speaker 3>massive architecture there was a barbarous, depressing and forbidding air.

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<v Speaker 3>So little sunlight ever found its way to this spot

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<v Speaker 3>that it had an earthy, deadly smell, and so much

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<v Speaker 3>cold wind rushed through it that it struck chill to me,

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<v Speaker 3>as if I had left the natural world.

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<v Speaker 2>Ooh, that is nice.

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<v Speaker 3>Anyway, The narrator notices that the signalman is acting weird.

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<v Speaker 3>He's preoccupied, even a bit haunted, And they eventually get

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<v Speaker 3>to know one another and become familiar, and after some

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<v Speaker 3>time has passed between them, the signalman confesses what it

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<v Speaker 3>is that's troubling him. At several times past, the signalman

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<v Speaker 3>has had visions of a man in the night, posed

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<v Speaker 3>against the red light, the danger light at the mouth

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<v Speaker 3>of the tunnel. The figure stands with one arm raised up,

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<v Speaker 3>waving violently, and the other arm thrown over his eyes

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<v Speaker 3>like a blindfold. And when the signallman sees the figure,

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<v Speaker 3>he hears a voice calling out, saying, Helloa below there,

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<v Speaker 3>look out, And then as suddenly as it appeared, the

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<v Speaker 3>figure vanishes into darkness. And twice before, at the time

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<v Speaker 3>of the story, the signalman has seen this shadow man

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<v Speaker 3>in the red light and heard the voice, and then

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<v Speaker 3>immediately after those visions, disaster has fallen somewhere nearby on

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<v Speaker 3>the tracks. A One time it was a terrible engine

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<v Speaker 3>collision in which many people were killed. Another time it

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<v Speaker 3>was the sudden and mysterious death of a young woman

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<v Speaker 3>riding on board a passing train. And so now the

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<v Speaker 3>signalman is not only haunted by this vision, but by

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<v Speaker 3>what it means. When he sees it and when he

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<v Speaker 3>hears the voice, he knows there will soon be a disaster,

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<v Speaker 3>and he wants to telegraph the station so he can

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<v Speaker 3>perhaps avert it. But he has no idea what the

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<v Speaker 3>disaster will be, and he can't explain the reason he

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<v Speaker 3>knows it's coming, so he can't give a warning that

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<v Speaker 3>anybody will heed. So he's tortured with this terrible knowledge

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<v Speaker 3>that he can't use to help anyone. Now the narrator

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<v Speaker 3>is troubled by all this. He seems to believe that

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<v Speaker 3>the man is suffering from a nervous condition, and the

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<v Speaker 3>next day he plans to come back and find a

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<v Speaker 3>way to convince the signalman to go see a doctor.

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<v Speaker 3>But when the narrator arrives at the trench in the

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<v Speaker 3>earth the next day, he instead finds a large gathering

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<v Speaker 3>of railroad officials on site. Apparently the signalman was cut

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<v Speaker 3>down by a train the night before. He was standing

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<v Speaker 3>in the tracks as if in a trance. The engine

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<v Speaker 3>driver saw him as the train was approaching and tried

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<v Speaker 3>to call out to him to get him to move

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<v Speaker 3>out of the way. And he was calling out halloa

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<v Speaker 3>below there look out and waved one arm violently to

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<v Speaker 3>get the signalman's attention. But at the last moment the

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<v Speaker 3>engine driver was terrified of what he was about to see,

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<v Speaker 3>and so he threw his other arm over his face

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<v Speaker 3>to cover his eyes.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh wow, I.

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<v Speaker 3>Think it's a wonderfully chilling ending. Even now just telling

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<v Speaker 3>it again, I got a little bit of a little

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<v Speaker 3>bit of a shiver, a goosebump there. Now, you might think,

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<v Speaker 3>because a lot of ghost stories, what they're really about

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<v Speaker 3>is the ghost. And actually you could say that it's

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<v Speaker 3>arguable whether or not this should be classified as a

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<v Speaker 3>ghost story or whether it's actually a premonition story that

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<v Speaker 3>just has a has a similar aesthetic reform to a

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<v Speaker 3>ghost story. But but you could argue that, yeah, maybe

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<v Speaker 3>the setting is kind of incidental. What it's really about

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<v Speaker 3>is the ghost and the human interaction. But I don't know.

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<v Speaker 3>I think the railway setting is not incidental here. I

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<v Speaker 3>think the setting along the tracks is actually quite thematically central.

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<v Speaker 3>It matters that the signalman is a signalman, like what

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<v Speaker 3>his job is is core to the anguish that he's

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<v Speaker 3>suffering with this terrible knowledge, and the fear and the

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<v Speaker 3>dread and the gloomy atmosphere and the danger are all

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<v Speaker 3>centrally based on railroad technology. And you can tell well

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<v Speaker 3>and even Dickens himself had strange, i'd say, at best,

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<v Speaker 3>ambivalent feelings about rail travel and its effects on the world.

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<v Speaker 3>There's a different story in this same collection, Mugby Junction,

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<v Speaker 3>where Dickens is writing about a character looking down at

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<v Speaker 3>a railroad junction and says, but there were so many

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<v Speaker 3>lines gazing down upon them from a bridge at the junction,

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<v Speaker 3>it was as if the concentrating companies formed a great

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<v Speaker 3>industrial exhibition of the works of extraordinary ground spiders that

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<v Speaker 3>spun iron.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh wow, that's nice anyway.

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<v Speaker 3>All that to make the point that I think a

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<v Speaker 3>lot of these horror stories that are about trains are

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<v Speaker 3>not incidentally about trains. They're not just stories that could

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<v Speaker 3>be set anywhere that just happened to be a setting

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<v Speaker 3>the author liked. I think a lot of them really

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<v Speaker 3>are in serious ways about trains and what trains mean.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, And this is a really fascinating subject to

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<v Speaker 2>get into, and I feel like I I do have

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<v Speaker 2>to like mention at the top of all this that

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<v Speaker 2>I love trains. I enjoy riding on trains, subway or otherwise,

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<v Speaker 2>bullet trains everywhere ever I've really enjoyed trains. I live

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<v Speaker 2>next to a train track, I've lived next to it

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<v Speaker 2>for over a decade, and I still find reasons to

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<v Speaker 2>enjoy watching the trains go by or especially the trucks

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<v Speaker 2>on the tracks and various maintenance equipment or special loads.

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<v Speaker 2>Occasionally that occurs, and I get a kick out of that.

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<v Speaker 2>But so suffice to say, trains are very every day

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<v Speaker 2>to me, and I like them. I don't inherently think

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<v Speaker 2>they are creepy. And yet at the same time, there

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<v Speaker 2>is something about the train that fits so well, not

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<v Speaker 2>only fits well within these stories, but serves as a

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<v Speaker 2>great skeleton for these stories. And a lot of it

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<v Speaker 2>comes down to ideas that the train itself there's something

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<v Speaker 2>unnatural about it. There's something really almost a sense of

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<v Speaker 2>future shock that's never gone away, you know. And also

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<v Speaker 2>the idea that the train is a location is inherently unnatural,

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<v Speaker 2>and there's something about it that is sort of inherently haunted.

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<v Speaker 2>And there are different ways to approach this, and I

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<v Speaker 2>was thinking about this, and I was looking up various

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<v Speaker 2>short stories and works of horror and thinking about various

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<v Speaker 2>movies as well that use train settings, and some of

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<v Speaker 2>them are you know, you can find overt examples of like, Okay,

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<v Speaker 2>this is a movie about a train with a killer

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<v Speaker 2>on the train. You know, it's you know, it is

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<v Speaker 2>just a setting for murders. Plenty of examples of that,

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<v Speaker 2>but one of the examples that I think came to

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<v Speaker 2>my mind the most, and this is one that I

0:12:43.120 --> 0:12:46.280
<v Speaker 2>remember watching an adaptation of it when I was younger.

0:12:47.080 --> 0:12:51.719
<v Speaker 2>This comes from the works of Sarrothur Conan Doyle and

0:12:51.920 --> 0:12:55.880
<v Speaker 2>a particular short story titled The Adventure of the Copper Beaches.

0:12:56.760 --> 0:13:01.640
<v Speaker 2>This would have been an eighteen ninety two tale, and

0:13:01.679 --> 0:13:05.559
<v Speaker 2>I vividly remember watching the Jeremy Brett Granada television adaptation

0:13:05.600 --> 0:13:06.920
<v Speaker 2>of this when I was a kid. You can find

0:13:06.920 --> 0:13:09.280
<v Speaker 2>this streaming, and you can get this on disc as well.

0:13:09.320 --> 0:13:12.439
<v Speaker 2>It's It's, It's. These were all really accurate adaptations of

0:13:12.480 --> 0:13:16.600
<v Speaker 2>the shlock Home stories. But basically this does not involve

0:13:16.600 --> 0:13:18.720
<v Speaker 2>a haunted train. There's not even a murder on the

0:13:18.800 --> 0:13:21.719
<v Speaker 2>train or anything of that nature. It's just Holmes and

0:13:21.760 --> 0:13:25.120
<v Speaker 2>Watson are taking the train into the countryside to look

0:13:25.160 --> 0:13:28.800
<v Speaker 2>into a particular crime. And at first Holmes is consumed

0:13:28.800 --> 0:13:30.920
<v Speaker 2>by his newspaper much of the way, you know, if

0:13:30.920 --> 0:13:33.480
<v Speaker 2>it were today, he'd be on his his iPhone or something.

0:13:34.080 --> 0:13:36.280
<v Speaker 2>But he finally puts his newspaper way and he begins

0:13:36.280 --> 0:13:40.080
<v Speaker 2>to survey the scenery outside the window and he makes

0:13:40.120 --> 0:13:43.120
<v Speaker 2>a kind of terrifying observation. He goes on a bit

0:13:43.160 --> 0:13:45.600
<v Speaker 2>of a ramt multiple paragraphs that I can't I can't

0:13:45.600 --> 0:13:47.640
<v Speaker 2>read all of it here, but I'm gonna read essentially

0:13:47.679 --> 0:13:51.920
<v Speaker 2>an abridged version. Okay, So Holmes says the following to Watson,

0:13:52.800 --> 0:13:55.920
<v Speaker 2>you look at these scattered houses and you are impressed

0:13:55.960 --> 0:13:58.280
<v Speaker 2>by their beauty. I look at them and the only

0:13:58.320 --> 0:14:00.240
<v Speaker 2>thought which comes to me is a feeling of their

0:14:00.240 --> 0:14:03.640
<v Speaker 2>isolation and of the impunity with which crime may be

0:14:03.720 --> 0:14:07.080
<v Speaker 2>committed there. They always fill me with a certain horror.

0:14:07.600 --> 0:14:10.520
<v Speaker 2>It is my belief, Watson, founded upon my experience, that

0:14:10.600 --> 0:14:13.840
<v Speaker 2>the lowest and vilest alleys in London do not present

0:14:13.880 --> 0:14:17.079
<v Speaker 2>a more dreadful record of sin than does the smiling

0:14:17.160 --> 0:14:21.160
<v Speaker 2>and beautiful countryside. The pressure of public opinion can do

0:14:21.280 --> 0:14:24.240
<v Speaker 2>in the town what the law cannot accomplish. There is

0:14:24.280 --> 0:14:27.040
<v Speaker 2>no lane so vile that the scream of a tortured

0:14:27.120 --> 0:14:29.880
<v Speaker 2>child or the thud of a drunkard's blow does not

0:14:30.000 --> 0:14:34.000
<v Speaker 2>beget sympathy and indignation among the neighbors. And then the

0:14:34.040 --> 0:14:36.920
<v Speaker 2>whole machinery of justice is ever so close that a

0:14:36.960 --> 0:14:39.800
<v Speaker 2>word of complaint can set it going. And there is

0:14:39.840 --> 0:14:42.600
<v Speaker 2>but a step between the crime and the dock. But

0:14:42.760 --> 0:14:45.760
<v Speaker 2>look at these lonely houses. Think of the deeds of

0:14:45.800 --> 0:14:49.440
<v Speaker 2>hellish cruelty, the hidden wickedness which may go on year in,

0:14:49.680 --> 0:14:52.760
<v Speaker 2>year out in such places, and none the wiser. It

0:14:52.800 --> 0:14:55.600
<v Speaker 2>is the five miles of country which makes the danger.

0:14:56.000 --> 0:14:58.520
<v Speaker 3>That's a very interesting paragraph because it strikes me as

0:14:58.560 --> 0:15:02.400
<v Speaker 3>both containing some wisdom and truth but also representing a

0:15:02.440 --> 0:15:06.320
<v Speaker 3>pathological way of thinking. You know, it's like, yeah, there

0:15:06.400 --> 0:15:09.520
<v Speaker 3>is some correct observation there, but also it's just it

0:15:09.680 --> 0:15:13.400
<v Speaker 3>reveals Holmes's way of looking at the world as just

0:15:13.560 --> 0:15:17.000
<v Speaker 3>like a place of dangers and miseries, and you can

0:15:17.080 --> 0:15:20.600
<v Speaker 3>sort of do an inventory of the potential for dangers

0:15:20.600 --> 0:15:22.560
<v Speaker 3>and miseries by looking at any place.

0:15:23.040 --> 0:15:27.400
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, yeah, it definitely reveals something of Holmes's nature.

0:15:28.360 --> 0:15:31.360
<v Speaker 2>And again it's the train itself is not creepy. Here

0:15:31.840 --> 0:15:33.760
<v Speaker 2>in the adaptation and in the book you get the

0:15:33.840 --> 0:15:36.240
<v Speaker 2>very you know, Holmes the insense of oh, these are

0:15:36.240 --> 0:15:38.520
<v Speaker 2>just gentlemen on a train. But then when you get

0:15:38.520 --> 0:15:42.720
<v Speaker 2>this morbid observation, ultimately it's about how the countryside is

0:15:42.720 --> 0:15:46.040
<v Speaker 2>creepy and not even the city is creepy. But there's

0:15:46.040 --> 0:15:48.960
<v Speaker 2>something about the train technology's role in this.

0:15:49.560 --> 0:15:52.880
<v Speaker 3>Absolutely, yes, I would have no way of proving that

0:15:52.880 --> 0:15:55.120
<v Speaker 3>that Arthur Conan Doyle was actually trying to make this

0:15:55.200 --> 0:15:57.920
<v Speaker 3>particular point, but I would not be surprised if this

0:15:58.000 --> 0:16:00.920
<v Speaker 3>kind of observation was actually a state. And about the

0:16:00.960 --> 0:16:04.960
<v Speaker 3>way a train changes the way you look at the world.

0:16:05.640 --> 0:16:08.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, it's about the vantage point that it provides

0:16:09.080 --> 0:16:13.080
<v Speaker 2>the broadening human travel abilities, It permits homes a chance

0:16:13.080 --> 0:16:16.040
<v Speaker 2>to observe something terrifying about human nature and human civilization.

0:16:16.720 --> 0:16:19.600
<v Speaker 2>And it's a scene that I think just got stuck

0:16:19.640 --> 0:16:21.680
<v Speaker 2>in my head at an early age. So I literally

0:16:21.720 --> 0:16:24.120
<v Speaker 2>think about the scene almost anytime I'm on a train,

0:16:25.360 --> 0:16:27.160
<v Speaker 2>certainly if it's a novel train and I get to

0:16:27.400 --> 0:16:29.640
<v Speaker 2>look out at the countryside.

0:16:29.000 --> 0:16:31.520
<v Speaker 3>Which, by the way, I love doing rob I'm like you,

0:16:31.640 --> 0:16:34.960
<v Speaker 3>I also very much love trains. I mostly have just

0:16:35.080 --> 0:16:39.000
<v Speaker 3>positive feelings about them. So I did not pick this

0:16:39.080 --> 0:16:43.360
<v Speaker 3>topic because I think trains are inherently creepy, but maybe

0:16:43.400 --> 0:16:47.480
<v Speaker 3>because they're sort of cuddly to me. I wonder I'm

0:16:47.560 --> 0:16:50.400
<v Speaker 3>interested in the way is that they might bring terrors

0:16:50.400 --> 0:16:52.600
<v Speaker 3>to mind for many people, especially people in say the

0:16:52.680 --> 0:16:53.560
<v Speaker 3>nineteenth century.

0:16:53.920 --> 0:16:56.720
<v Speaker 2>Yeah yeah, but seriously, I'll be riding a train like

0:16:56.800 --> 0:16:59.120
<v Speaker 2>even more recently, a few months back, I had to

0:16:59.160 --> 0:17:02.000
<v Speaker 2>ride the bullet train Japan. Look out of the beautiful

0:17:02.000 --> 0:17:05.639
<v Speaker 2>countryside and yet here Sherlock Holmes whispering my ear. They

0:17:05.760 --> 0:17:07.320
<v Speaker 2>might be murdering in there.

0:17:08.400 --> 0:17:11.119
<v Speaker 3>So thank you, Sherlock, but they think of the horror

0:17:11.119 --> 0:17:11.879
<v Speaker 3>is hidden beyond.

0:17:12.200 --> 0:17:12.400
<v Speaker 4>Yes.

0:17:24.119 --> 0:17:27.240
<v Speaker 2>Now, another tale that comes to mind concerning trains is

0:17:27.280 --> 0:17:30.560
<v Speaker 2>the Ray Bradbury story The Town where No One Got Off,

0:17:31.200 --> 0:17:33.480
<v Speaker 2>And I'm mostly familiar with this one from a nineteen

0:17:33.520 --> 0:17:37.840
<v Speaker 2>eighty six adaptation on the Ray Bradbury Theater television show

0:17:38.400 --> 0:17:41.840
<v Speaker 2>starring a young Jeff Goldblin Oh or you know. This

0:17:41.960 --> 0:17:44.280
<v Speaker 2>was what the same year as The Fly, so you

0:17:44.320 --> 0:17:47.200
<v Speaker 2>know young Jeff Goblin. I don't remember how old he

0:17:47.200 --> 0:17:49.719
<v Speaker 2>would have been at this point in his career, but anyway,

0:17:50.920 --> 0:17:53.040
<v Speaker 2>so this is another story where the train itself is

0:17:53.080 --> 0:17:56.800
<v Speaker 2>not creepy, but there's something about the way it connects

0:17:57.000 --> 0:17:59.920
<v Speaker 2>people in places that takes on a very sinister air.

0:18:00.600 --> 0:18:02.679
<v Speaker 2>So in this story we follow a man from the

0:18:02.720 --> 0:18:06.240
<v Speaker 2>city this is Jeff Goblum's character in the adaptation, who

0:18:06.240 --> 0:18:08.240
<v Speaker 2>takes a train ride out into the country side to

0:18:08.320 --> 0:18:12.959
<v Speaker 2>confirm according to him, his ideals about country living, and

0:18:13.080 --> 0:18:17.120
<v Speaker 2>his of course curiosity with this particular stop where nobody

0:18:17.119 --> 0:18:19.640
<v Speaker 2>ever gets off. You know, what is it with this town?

0:18:20.480 --> 0:18:23.000
<v Speaker 2>And you know this also ties into some general fascination

0:18:23.119 --> 0:18:25.000
<v Speaker 2>with train travel. You're like, well, what is this stop?

0:18:25.000 --> 0:18:29.360
<v Speaker 2>Who lives here? Who are these people? And he meets

0:18:29.520 --> 0:18:33.920
<v Speaker 2>up and tags along with an old countryman during this journey.

0:18:34.359 --> 0:18:37.520
<v Speaker 2>And there's a twist though, and I'm about to spoil it,

0:18:37.560 --> 0:18:40.080
<v Speaker 2>so skip ahead, pause, and so forth if you don't

0:18:40.080 --> 0:18:42.480
<v Speaker 2>want it to be spoiled. But the twist is that

0:18:42.520 --> 0:18:45.080
<v Speaker 2>the city man has ventured out to the country to

0:18:45.119 --> 0:18:48.320
<v Speaker 2>commit the perfect murder of a stranger, and the old

0:18:48.400 --> 0:18:51.359
<v Speaker 2>man has lured him out to do the same, to

0:18:51.359 --> 0:18:55.040
<v Speaker 2>commit the perfect murder of a city guy who has

0:18:55.080 --> 0:18:57.840
<v Speaker 2>wandered into the country. And I'm going to read it

0:18:57.880 --> 0:19:00.440
<v Speaker 2>just a quick quote here from the original rapere Very

0:19:00.520 --> 0:19:04.080
<v Speaker 2>short story. Now, the darkness that had brought us together

0:19:04.200 --> 0:19:07.480
<v Speaker 2>stood between the old man, the station, the town, the

0:19:07.560 --> 0:19:10.639
<v Speaker 2>forest were lost in the night. For an hour. I

0:19:10.720 --> 0:19:15.359
<v Speaker 2>stood in the roaring blast, staring back at all that darkness.

0:19:16.800 --> 0:19:19.240
<v Speaker 2>So this is a story that works in a number

0:19:19.240 --> 0:19:22.359
<v Speaker 2>of ways, exploring course just the darkness of human nature

0:19:22.480 --> 0:19:25.560
<v Speaker 2>and you know, temptation to do evil and so forth

0:19:25.600 --> 0:19:29.040
<v Speaker 2>our attitudes towards others, and perhaps as well a little

0:19:29.080 --> 0:19:31.679
<v Speaker 2>commentary on the idea that you still see in modern

0:19:31.680 --> 0:19:35.080
<v Speaker 2>objections to say, the expansion of city rail, that oh, well,

0:19:35.080 --> 0:19:36.840
<v Speaker 2>if you do this, it's going to allow criminals to

0:19:36.920 --> 0:19:39.720
<v Speaker 2>just move around super easily. They'll just they'll just go

0:19:39.840 --> 0:19:42.680
<v Speaker 2>right into the into the really nice parts of town

0:19:42.720 --> 0:19:46.399
<v Speaker 2>and just start doing crimes. But uh, and then on

0:19:46.440 --> 0:19:48.320
<v Speaker 2>top of all of this, I feel like this there

0:19:48.400 --> 0:19:51.480
<v Speaker 2>is also this sense of the train as a technology

0:19:52.040 --> 0:19:55.840
<v Speaker 2>that shortens the distance between individuals, so it brings us

0:19:55.840 --> 0:20:00.359
<v Speaker 2>closer together. But does it maybe bring us two close?

0:20:00.560 --> 0:20:03.119
<v Speaker 2>You know, does it just it just opens up the

0:20:03.480 --> 0:20:06.600
<v Speaker 2>room for it breaks down barriers that should be in place,

0:20:07.240 --> 0:20:07.960
<v Speaker 2>that sort of thing.

0:20:08.720 --> 0:20:11.000
<v Speaker 3>Hmmm, I'm gonna have to think on that. But in

0:20:11.000 --> 0:20:12.760
<v Speaker 3>a minute, I do want to get into talking about

0:20:12.760 --> 0:20:15.160
<v Speaker 3>some of the most common themes I feel like I've

0:20:15.240 --> 0:20:18.760
<v Speaker 3>observed in train related horror stories, and so maybe this

0:20:18.760 --> 0:20:20.560
<v Speaker 3>will come back up then. But before we do that,

0:20:20.680 --> 0:20:23.000
<v Speaker 3>I know you wanted to mention a few more examples.

0:20:23.400 --> 0:20:24.800
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, some of these are gonna be a little more

0:20:24.840 --> 0:20:26.679
<v Speaker 2>in passing, but I was just trying to list off

0:20:26.680 --> 0:20:28.800
<v Speaker 2>a few in my head that stood out. The Midnight

0:20:28.840 --> 0:20:30.200
<v Speaker 2>Meat Train by Clive Barker.

0:20:30.640 --> 0:20:30.840
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

0:20:31.000 --> 0:20:33.520
<v Speaker 2>If you're only familiar with the movie, let me just

0:20:33.680 --> 0:20:36.000
<v Speaker 2>remind you that the original Books of Blood short story

0:20:36.240 --> 0:20:36.880
<v Speaker 2>is quite good.

0:20:37.320 --> 0:20:39.760
<v Speaker 3>It's one of those stories where, if this makes any sense,

0:20:39.880 --> 0:20:42.760
<v Speaker 3>I kept expecting it to turn out to be less

0:20:42.840 --> 0:20:47.320
<v Speaker 3>literal than it was, and like the literalness of the

0:20:47.400 --> 0:20:49.440
<v Speaker 3>payoff is actually kind of genius.

0:20:51.119 --> 0:20:53.720
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and I think it works better in short story format.

0:20:54.600 --> 0:20:57.960
<v Speaker 2>Another one is The Tall Grass by Joe R. Lansdale.

0:20:58.480 --> 0:21:02.280
<v Speaker 2>This one was adapted on the Love and Robots television

0:21:02.320 --> 0:21:06.640
<v Speaker 2>series the animated anthology series, and it's quite good. Involves

0:21:06.960 --> 0:21:09.280
<v Speaker 2>a train sort of I forget if it breaks down

0:21:09.359 --> 0:21:11.560
<v Speaker 2>or slows down, but it kind of gets into that

0:21:11.600 --> 0:21:13.840
<v Speaker 2>area of like, oh, the train is something that connects

0:21:14.200 --> 0:21:16.560
<v Speaker 2>point A to point B, but then what goes on

0:21:16.640 --> 0:21:19.080
<v Speaker 2>in between and the idea that you know, you're you're

0:21:19.119 --> 0:21:22.240
<v Speaker 2>often going through you know, very isolated countryside or you know,

0:21:22.280 --> 0:21:26.359
<v Speaker 2>so it seems to the observer. Yeah, let's see getting

0:21:26.600 --> 0:21:30.520
<v Speaker 2>into the realm of not only train horror fiction, but

0:21:30.600 --> 0:21:33.000
<v Speaker 2>subway horror fiction, which we already got into a little

0:21:33.000 --> 0:21:35.840
<v Speaker 2>bit of midnight me Train. There's an excellent older weird

0:21:35.840 --> 0:21:40.120
<v Speaker 2>fiction tale called Far Below by Robert Barbara Johnson, and

0:21:40.400 --> 0:21:42.960
<v Speaker 2>this one is adapted into an okay episode of the

0:21:43.000 --> 0:21:47.080
<v Speaker 2>anthology series Monsters, but the original short story is fabulous.

0:21:47.080 --> 0:21:52.280
<v Speaker 2>It involves people becoming ghouls in the deep tunnels beneath

0:21:52.359 --> 0:21:53.080
<v Speaker 2>New York City.

0:21:53.400 --> 0:21:54.320
<v Speaker 3>Nice.

0:21:54.840 --> 0:21:56.439
<v Speaker 2>Let's see, oh, we we would have to we have

0:21:56.480 --> 0:21:59.520
<v Speaker 2>to mention blame the monorail from Kings The Dark Tower

0:21:59.640 --> 0:22:03.359
<v Speaker 2>series is a like a super intelligent computer train that

0:22:03.440 --> 0:22:09.639
<v Speaker 2>goes crazy. And I'd forgotten about this one, but a

0:22:09.680 --> 0:22:14.040
<v Speaker 2>problematic horror. Master HP Lovecraft, in describing the Shoguth at

0:22:14.040 --> 0:22:17.400
<v Speaker 2>the end of nineteen thirty one's At the Mountains of Madness,

0:22:17.880 --> 0:22:21.000
<v Speaker 2>compares this indescribable monster, you know, it's like this blob

0:22:21.080 --> 0:22:26.560
<v Speaker 2>monster in part to a subway train. Okay, yeah, like

0:22:26.680 --> 0:22:28.520
<v Speaker 2>there's not much you could compare it to, but to

0:22:28.600 --> 0:22:31.080
<v Speaker 2>a train, which maybe reveals something about some of the

0:22:31.119 --> 0:22:34.520
<v Speaker 2>attitudes one might, you know, have about trains or observe

0:22:34.640 --> 0:22:37.000
<v Speaker 2>about them. I'm going to read a quick quote here,

0:22:38.119 --> 0:22:40.560
<v Speaker 2>but we were not on a station platform. We were

0:22:40.640 --> 0:22:44.240
<v Speaker 2>on the track ahead as the nightmare plastic column of

0:22:44.280 --> 0:22:49.640
<v Speaker 2>fetid black herodescence, oozed tightly onward through its fifteen foot sinus,

0:22:49.840 --> 0:22:53.639
<v Speaker 2>gathering unholy speed and driving before it a spiral, re

0:22:53.840 --> 0:22:57.800
<v Speaker 2>thickening cloud of the palette abyss vapor. It was a terrible,

0:22:57.920 --> 0:23:01.159
<v Speaker 2>indescribable thing. You just kind of described it, though, Yeah,

0:23:01.480 --> 0:23:03.280
<v Speaker 2>vaster than any subway train.

0:23:03.800 --> 0:23:06.160
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, well, first of all, I do love that comparison. Yeah,

0:23:06.200 --> 0:23:11.080
<v Speaker 3>I can picture that the monsters moving like a subway train. Also, yeah,

0:23:11.080 --> 0:23:14.119
<v Speaker 3>this doesn't Lovecraft do this all the time. He says

0:23:14.200 --> 0:23:16.920
<v Speaker 3>it's impossible to describe this, and then he describes it.

0:23:17.400 --> 0:23:20.560
<v Speaker 2>Yes, Yeah, yeah, I can't describe it, but I'm gonna

0:23:20.560 --> 0:23:23.359
<v Speaker 2>go on for about a good page. They alling you

0:23:23.480 --> 0:23:25.080
<v Speaker 2>how impossible this is to describe.

0:23:25.160 --> 0:23:27.119
<v Speaker 3>It's sort of like a way of saying, let me

0:23:27.200 --> 0:23:30.080
<v Speaker 3>describe this, but just know that it's worse than whatever

0:23:30.119 --> 0:23:30.639
<v Speaker 3>I'm saying.

0:23:30.840 --> 0:23:33.919
<v Speaker 2>Yes, And of course there are just great train moments

0:23:33.960 --> 0:23:38.399
<v Speaker 2>sprinkled throughout horror and even just horror flavored fiction. For instance.

0:23:38.520 --> 0:23:42.240
<v Speaker 2>I mean there's We've talked about the Vampire action sequence

0:23:42.280 --> 0:23:46.280
<v Speaker 2>with Subways and Blade on Weird House Cinema before. Who

0:23:46.320 --> 0:23:49.480
<v Speaker 2>can forget the arrival of the Dementors on Hogwarts Express

0:23:49.720 --> 0:23:53.480
<v Speaker 2>in Alfonso Quran's Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban,

0:23:54.400 --> 0:23:56.560
<v Speaker 2>which for my money, is the best film in that

0:23:56.840 --> 0:24:00.600
<v Speaker 2>whole series, and a very creepy sequences these rates or

0:24:01.480 --> 0:24:04.520
<v Speaker 2>creeping aboard the train and the ice is forming over

0:24:04.560 --> 0:24:05.760
<v Speaker 2>the glass and so forth.

0:24:07.160 --> 0:24:09.560
<v Speaker 3>I only barely remember the moment you're talking about. Wait,

0:24:09.880 --> 0:24:13.040
<v Speaker 3>do the Dementtors get on the train and arrive by train?

0:24:13.119 --> 0:24:14.880
<v Speaker 3>Or they're like surrounding a train.

0:24:14.760 --> 0:24:16.639
<v Speaker 2>They're surrounding the train. Yeah, they didn't get it, they

0:24:16.680 --> 0:24:20.360
<v Speaker 2>didn't buy a ticket, things about it. So at any rate,

0:24:20.560 --> 0:24:23.280
<v Speaker 2>suffice to say, there are a lot of great horror

0:24:23.320 --> 0:24:27.320
<v Speaker 2>and horror flavored train scenes in film and television, in

0:24:28.200 --> 0:24:31.679
<v Speaker 2>fiction written fiction. So I'm sure there are some excellent

0:24:31.720 --> 0:24:34.119
<v Speaker 2>examples that I haven't even thought to mention here. So

0:24:34.600 --> 0:24:36.800
<v Speaker 2>as always, we'd love to hear from folks out there

0:24:36.840 --> 0:24:39.960
<v Speaker 2>if you have any examples that stand out in your

0:24:40.040 --> 0:24:42.320
<v Speaker 2>mind and line up with some of the examples we're

0:24:42.320 --> 0:24:43.000
<v Speaker 2>discussing here.

0:24:43.280 --> 0:24:47.120
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, absolutely right in now, Rob, if you don't mind,

0:24:47.200 --> 0:24:49.200
<v Speaker 3>I thought it would be interesting to try to look

0:24:49.200 --> 0:24:52.440
<v Speaker 3>at what are some of the most common and distinctive

0:24:52.720 --> 0:24:57.959
<v Speaker 3>themes of locomotive horror. What do train horror stories often

0:24:58.560 --> 0:25:02.560
<v Speaker 3>get focused on as opposed to just the usual themes

0:25:02.560 --> 0:25:04.840
<v Speaker 3>of horror. Here's what I could think of so far.

0:25:05.520 --> 0:25:07.960
<v Speaker 3>First of all, I think a big theme of train

0:25:08.040 --> 0:25:13.560
<v Speaker 3>horror is fate. These stories very often focus on people

0:25:13.560 --> 0:25:18.680
<v Speaker 3>who have some kind of foreknowledge or premonition of horrible

0:25:18.760 --> 0:25:22.760
<v Speaker 3>events or outcomes, but have no way to prevent them

0:25:22.920 --> 0:25:25.800
<v Speaker 3>from happening. This is a core idea of the Dickens

0:25:25.840 --> 0:25:28.760
<v Speaker 3>story The Signalman. But it happens in a lot of

0:25:28.800 --> 0:25:32.040
<v Speaker 3>train fiction that you know something is going to happen,

0:25:32.200 --> 0:25:34.479
<v Speaker 3>and you usually don't want it to happen, but you

0:25:34.520 --> 0:25:38.520
<v Speaker 3>can't stop it. And I think this relates to unique features,

0:25:38.600 --> 0:25:42.720
<v Speaker 3>especially in the nineteenth century, of trains as a transportation technology.

0:25:43.160 --> 0:25:46.080
<v Speaker 3>When you're on a train, you are headed somewhere, and

0:25:46.160 --> 0:25:49.359
<v Speaker 3>you've usually usually chosen to get on the train, but

0:25:49.640 --> 0:25:52.879
<v Speaker 3>the travel is not occurring by your own physical power,

0:25:53.480 --> 0:25:56.359
<v Speaker 3>and the train is not under your control to steer,

0:25:57.080 --> 0:26:00.320
<v Speaker 3>and it is not within your practical power to get

0:26:00.320 --> 0:26:03.160
<v Speaker 3>off the train. So once you're on a moving train,

0:26:03.359 --> 0:26:07.679
<v Speaker 3>you are being taken ineluctably to the train's destination, and

0:26:07.720 --> 0:26:10.160
<v Speaker 3>no matter how much you may want to, you cannot

0:26:10.280 --> 0:26:11.080
<v Speaker 3>change course.

0:26:11.920 --> 0:26:15.920
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, this is this is indeed a great, a

0:26:15.960 --> 0:26:20.680
<v Speaker 2>great observation of horror train fiction. Yeah, and even science fiction.

0:26:21.000 --> 0:26:23.600
<v Speaker 2>You know, you get into even examples like I keep

0:26:23.640 --> 0:26:26.040
<v Speaker 2>thinking of snow Piercer, the TV series, in the film,

0:26:26.080 --> 0:26:27.760
<v Speaker 2>and like, what are they doing with trains? And they're

0:26:27.800 --> 0:26:31.359
<v Speaker 2>doing a lot with trains thematically and with setting, but

0:26:31.520 --> 0:26:33.880
<v Speaker 2>one of them kind of turning this concept on its head,

0:26:34.000 --> 0:26:37.080
<v Speaker 2>is that the train has no destination. It's just going

0:26:37.800 --> 0:26:40.359
<v Speaker 2>endlessly around the world. There's like no destination left to

0:26:40.400 --> 0:26:44.280
<v Speaker 2>go to because there's nothing left of human civilization except

0:26:44.400 --> 0:26:45.560
<v Speaker 2>the journey of the train.

0:26:45.840 --> 0:26:49.520
<v Speaker 3>But that has some metaphorical potency of its own, right,

0:26:49.600 --> 0:26:52.520
<v Speaker 3>the idea of just a movement that never ceases with

0:26:52.560 --> 0:26:57.760
<v Speaker 3>no endpoint or goal. Yeah, infinite games, right, Yeah. But

0:26:57.880 --> 0:27:01.600
<v Speaker 3>also I was thinking about how the physical characteristics of

0:27:01.640 --> 0:27:05.399
<v Speaker 3>locomotives and travel by rail feed into this theme of

0:27:05.800 --> 0:27:11.399
<v Speaker 3>fate and unavoidable outcomes, because trains are enormous and enormously

0:27:11.480 --> 0:27:14.880
<v Speaker 3>powerful machines, which it would be you know, not only

0:27:14.920 --> 0:27:16.639
<v Speaker 3>while if you're a passenger on a train, can you

0:27:16.680 --> 0:27:18.800
<v Speaker 3>not steer the train yourself? You know, it's stuck to

0:27:18.840 --> 0:27:21.240
<v Speaker 3>the tracks. It's going wherever the engine driver takes it.

0:27:21.920 --> 0:27:25.560
<v Speaker 3>It would also be hopeless to personally resist the movement

0:27:25.600 --> 0:27:27.359
<v Speaker 3>of the train. You know, you can't like push it

0:27:27.480 --> 0:27:33.280
<v Speaker 3>or anything overwhelming physical power. Also, travel by train is fast.

0:27:33.520 --> 0:27:36.439
<v Speaker 3>You enter the belly of this great beast in one place,

0:27:36.760 --> 0:27:39.160
<v Speaker 3>and then before you know it, you're just in another city,

0:27:39.200 --> 0:27:41.280
<v Speaker 3>another part of the country, another part of the world,

0:27:41.760 --> 0:27:45.520
<v Speaker 3>contributing to this sense of too quickness, like I have

0:27:45.680 --> 0:27:48.040
<v Speaker 3>not had time to prepare for what's coming.

0:27:48.960 --> 0:27:53.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, this this theme instantly makes me think of this

0:27:53.520 --> 0:27:58.160
<v Speaker 2>particular reggae song I believe Bob Marley and the Whaler's

0:27:58.280 --> 0:28:01.680
<v Speaker 2>covered it at one point, called stop that Train, and

0:28:02.200 --> 0:28:05.359
<v Speaker 2>it's you know, the chorus is stop that train, I

0:28:05.400 --> 0:28:07.919
<v Speaker 2>want to get off, and so forth, And like we

0:28:08.000 --> 0:28:11.280
<v Speaker 2>instantly connect with this idea, like something is propelling me

0:28:11.880 --> 0:28:15.239
<v Speaker 2>toward a destination and I've changed my mind about it,

0:28:15.359 --> 0:28:16.919
<v Speaker 2>or I never wanted to go there to begin with,

0:28:17.280 --> 0:28:18.639
<v Speaker 2>I would like to get off the train.

0:28:19.440 --> 0:28:22.199
<v Speaker 3>Or maybe you just now understand what it means to

0:28:22.200 --> 0:28:24.600
<v Speaker 3>go to this destination. You got on the train thinking

0:28:24.640 --> 0:28:27.560
<v Speaker 3>one thing, and then you learn something it changes your mind.

0:28:27.920 --> 0:28:32.120
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, So It's like the technology becomes this excellent metaphor

0:28:32.200 --> 0:28:35.680
<v Speaker 2>for so many different aspects of human life, including life

0:28:35.680 --> 0:28:37.679
<v Speaker 2>itself in our linear experience of it.

0:28:38.080 --> 0:28:43.160
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, so, okay. I think fate and fatalism, unavoidable outcomes,

0:28:43.200 --> 0:28:45.920
<v Speaker 3>that's a big theme. Second theme I would say is

0:28:46.040 --> 0:28:50.600
<v Speaker 3>very common in these stories is isolation and alienation. I

0:28:50.640 --> 0:28:54.320
<v Speaker 3>think because you cannot safely exit a train in motion.

0:28:55.000 --> 0:28:58.560
<v Speaker 3>Stories set on trains often emphasize themes of being cut

0:28:58.560 --> 0:29:01.400
<v Speaker 3>off and isolated from the rest of the world, the

0:29:01.440 --> 0:29:04.680
<v Speaker 3>world outside. So you can look out the windows of

0:29:04.720 --> 0:29:07.760
<v Speaker 3>the train at the world as it goes by, but

0:29:07.880 --> 0:29:10.720
<v Speaker 3>you can't interact with that world. You can only watch

0:29:10.840 --> 0:29:14.040
<v Speaker 3>pieces of it quickly merge into and out of your view,

0:29:14.640 --> 0:29:18.720
<v Speaker 3>And I think that creates this feeling of unreality and distance.

0:29:19.440 --> 0:29:20.840
<v Speaker 3>This is sort of what I was getting at in

0:29:20.840 --> 0:29:23.640
<v Speaker 3>response to that rant by Sherlock Holmes looking out at

0:29:23.680 --> 0:29:26.800
<v Speaker 3>the world. I wonder if this feeling of unreality and

0:29:26.920 --> 0:29:30.760
<v Speaker 3>alienation contributes to the malice that Home sees when looking

0:29:30.760 --> 0:29:33.720
<v Speaker 3>out it houses through a passing train window. If he

0:29:33.760 --> 0:29:35.840
<v Speaker 3>would feel any different if he were just standing on

0:29:35.880 --> 0:29:37.760
<v Speaker 3>the ground looking at the same scene.

0:29:38.000 --> 0:29:39.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, Yeah, that's a great point.

0:29:39.480 --> 0:29:50.680
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

0:29:51.160 --> 0:29:54.680
<v Speaker 3>Now, beyond that more abstract feeling, the kind of uncanny

0:29:54.720 --> 0:29:58.560
<v Speaker 3>separation of the train and its passengers from the outside world,

0:29:59.160 --> 0:30:01.960
<v Speaker 3>there's a different type of isolation that often comes up

0:30:01.960 --> 0:30:05.920
<v Speaker 3>in these stories, and it's much more practical individual isolation

0:30:06.200 --> 0:30:10.160
<v Speaker 3>in closed train compartments. In a lot of the non

0:30:10.240 --> 0:30:13.320
<v Speaker 3>fiction writings about trains from the nineteenth century, and we're

0:30:13.320 --> 0:30:15.000
<v Speaker 3>going to get into some of these as the series

0:30:15.040 --> 0:30:20.560
<v Speaker 3>goes on, you see a particular concern about people being

0:30:20.800 --> 0:30:25.640
<v Speaker 3>by themselves and vulnerable to attacks in the privacy compartments

0:30:25.680 --> 0:30:28.920
<v Speaker 3>of passenger trains. Now, I think this is interesting because

0:30:29.000 --> 0:30:33.440
<v Speaker 3>obviously the train was not the first time there were

0:30:33.520 --> 0:30:37.320
<v Speaker 3>ever rooms with walls and small spaces where people could

0:30:37.360 --> 0:30:41.440
<v Speaker 3>become isolated and trapped, say with a dangerous person. But

0:30:41.880 --> 0:30:46.480
<v Speaker 3>for some reason, compartments on trains seemed especially frightening to

0:30:46.520 --> 0:30:49.440
<v Speaker 3>people in this regard. Like if you read newspaper articles

0:30:49.960 --> 0:30:53.120
<v Speaker 3>from London in the eighteen sixties, people are writing about

0:30:53.160 --> 0:30:56.960
<v Speaker 3>with terror about this idea of getting stock or cornered

0:30:56.960 --> 0:31:00.000
<v Speaker 3>in a train car. But it's interesting to look at

0:31:00.160 --> 0:31:04.040
<v Speaker 3>like why this environment in particular struck people as a

0:31:04.080 --> 0:31:06.000
<v Speaker 3>place that was dangerous.

0:31:06.800 --> 0:31:08.840
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, that is interesting to think about it. I mean,

0:31:09.360 --> 0:31:12.280
<v Speaker 2>I'm tempted to think of it as like the world

0:31:12.400 --> 0:31:16.880
<v Speaker 2>has been squished down and elongated, and so all of

0:31:16.920 --> 0:31:19.720
<v Speaker 2>those little confined spaces that you might encounter in the

0:31:19.720 --> 0:31:22.000
<v Speaker 2>world are just maybe a little more confined or seem

0:31:22.040 --> 0:31:25.280
<v Speaker 2>a little more confined because the world has been narrowed

0:31:25.320 --> 0:31:28.880
<v Speaker 2>down into these uniform bricks of habitation.

0:31:29.360 --> 0:31:32.400
<v Speaker 3>Yeah. Another theme that I think pops up in these

0:31:32.400 --> 0:31:36.000
<v Speaker 3>stories is train tunnels as journeys to the underworld, so

0:31:36.280 --> 0:31:40.200
<v Speaker 3>passing through into darkness, literally traveling under the earth. This

0:31:40.440 --> 0:31:43.480
<v Speaker 3>serves as metaphorical in the same way that journeys to

0:31:43.600 --> 0:31:46.479
<v Speaker 3>the underworld often do in fiction, as a way of

0:31:46.720 --> 0:31:52.160
<v Speaker 3>speaking about death often or great transitions and changes, and

0:31:52.200 --> 0:31:54.800
<v Speaker 3>then speaking of change. One more theme I think that

0:31:54.920 --> 0:31:58.200
<v Speaker 3>is quite prominent, especially in stories from the nineteenth century.

0:31:58.240 --> 0:32:00.200
<v Speaker 3>I think this is less true as time goes on,

0:32:00.360 --> 0:32:03.520
<v Speaker 3>but in stories from the nineteenth century, when passenger trains

0:32:03.520 --> 0:32:08.320
<v Speaker 3>were a more recent innovation, trains often are used as

0:32:08.600 --> 0:32:13.200
<v Speaker 3>the singular symbol of the technological era. So in the

0:32:13.240 --> 0:32:15.040
<v Speaker 3>same way that if you wanted to write a story

0:32:15.080 --> 0:32:18.800
<v Speaker 3>today commenting on the digital age, you might have as

0:32:18.800 --> 0:32:22.680
<v Speaker 3>an object in that story like a phone or a computer,

0:32:22.920 --> 0:32:26.720
<v Speaker 3>that's like the icon of the technological environment. I think

0:32:26.760 --> 0:32:30.120
<v Speaker 3>in the same way, the locomotive was the core physical

0:32:30.200 --> 0:32:33.760
<v Speaker 3>symbol of the steam age and everything that came with it.

0:32:34.200 --> 0:32:38.640
<v Speaker 3>So the replacement of human labor with machine power changes

0:32:38.720 --> 0:32:41.600
<v Speaker 3>to the physical landscape of the world, a pollution of

0:32:41.640 --> 0:32:46.360
<v Speaker 3>the environment, the accelerating pace of human life, increasing power

0:32:46.400 --> 0:32:49.600
<v Speaker 3>to both create and destroy. All these things I think

0:32:49.680 --> 0:32:53.280
<v Speaker 3>were symbolized in the physical object of the train. The

0:32:53.320 --> 0:32:56.920
<v Speaker 3>train could key out to all of those technological ideas,

0:32:57.560 --> 0:33:00.440
<v Speaker 3>and I think for that reason, it's not high purble

0:33:01.040 --> 0:33:03.720
<v Speaker 3>to say that somebody, especially in the nineteenth century, could

0:33:03.760 --> 0:33:07.000
<v Speaker 3>easily look on the steam engine and the steam engine

0:33:07.000 --> 0:33:12.080
<v Speaker 3>powered locomotive as something demonic, something unholy. It is humanities

0:33:12.160 --> 0:33:15.280
<v Speaker 3>packed with the devil that has given us great power

0:33:15.360 --> 0:33:16.680
<v Speaker 3>at the cost of our souls.

0:33:17.400 --> 0:33:17.960
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

0:33:18.080 --> 0:33:20.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And I think it's also worth keeping in mind

0:33:20.800 --> 0:33:23.880
<v Speaker 2>that again, no matter how every day and new and

0:33:23.960 --> 0:33:29.120
<v Speaker 2>even old fashioned train transportation may seem to us today,

0:33:29.400 --> 0:33:34.000
<v Speaker 2>we also have to look at the fact that, you know,

0:33:34.040 --> 0:33:37.240
<v Speaker 2>a lot of our fiction that we read today has,

0:33:37.720 --> 0:33:40.360
<v Speaker 2>in one way or another, has sort of roots in

0:33:40.680 --> 0:33:43.640
<v Speaker 2>the storytelling of this time period. You know, like you

0:33:43.680 --> 0:33:46.520
<v Speaker 2>may not be setting around reading a bunch of Charles Dickens,

0:33:46.800 --> 0:33:50.240
<v Speaker 2>but inevitably you're reading people that were inspired by people

0:33:50.280 --> 0:33:53.720
<v Speaker 2>who are inspired by Dickens. Or Yeah, you can add, however,

0:33:53.800 --> 0:33:58.040
<v Speaker 2>many layers of transition or and play there, but you

0:33:58.080 --> 0:34:00.240
<v Speaker 2>can't deny, at least in the English lange, which is

0:34:00.240 --> 0:34:03.920
<v Speaker 2>the importance of these works. Likewise, when you look at film, like,

0:34:04.160 --> 0:34:07.080
<v Speaker 2>trains have always been a part of the moving picture,

0:34:08.200 --> 0:34:11.680
<v Speaker 2>and so you see cinema coming out of the late

0:34:11.800 --> 0:34:16.080
<v Speaker 2>nineteenth century still you know, fascinated with trains and capturing trains,

0:34:16.360 --> 0:34:19.560
<v Speaker 2>and we've never stopped being fascinated with trains in our

0:34:20.200 --> 0:34:24.440
<v Speaker 2>visual cinematic storytelling. Yeah, all right, so we've alluded to

0:34:24.480 --> 0:34:26.279
<v Speaker 2>some of the history here. I thought it would be

0:34:26.280 --> 0:34:29.680
<v Speaker 2>a good idea just to run through rather quickly some

0:34:29.760 --> 0:34:33.239
<v Speaker 2>of the big moments in development of locomotive technology. This

0:34:33.360 --> 0:34:35.840
<v Speaker 2>is not going to be a full blown invention episode,

0:34:35.880 --> 0:34:38.240
<v Speaker 2>so we're not going to go through everything in detail.

0:34:38.520 --> 0:34:41.440
<v Speaker 2>And ultimately it's not just a hey, one day, a

0:34:41.480 --> 0:34:45.400
<v Speaker 2>guy invented a locomotive and they went with it. You know,

0:34:45.440 --> 0:34:50.360
<v Speaker 2>there are a number of different people involved, different technologies

0:34:50.400 --> 0:34:55.359
<v Speaker 2>that end up being utilized and built upon. But you know,

0:34:55.400 --> 0:34:58.360
<v Speaker 2>to start with the basic concept of a wheeled vehicle

0:34:58.520 --> 0:35:02.120
<v Speaker 2>on a set track, sometimes called like a wagonway. This

0:35:02.239 --> 0:35:06.640
<v Speaker 2>dates back as far as ancient Babylon wheeled carts affixed

0:35:06.680 --> 0:35:10.320
<v Speaker 2>to some sort of rail, you know, to keep the

0:35:10.640 --> 0:35:14.719
<v Speaker 2>cart on track, literally on track, like that's how how

0:35:14.719 --> 0:35:17.320
<v Speaker 2>do you refer to it? The language has already embedded concept.

0:35:17.320 --> 0:35:20.960
<v Speaker 2>But wheeled carts affixed to rails or of course have

0:35:21.120 --> 0:35:24.840
<v Speaker 2>long been used in mining operations pulled by human or

0:35:24.920 --> 0:35:27.760
<v Speaker 2>animal labor, well in advance of any kind of steam

0:35:27.800 --> 0:35:32.799
<v Speaker 2>technology or electric like electronic technology, which would and this

0:35:32.840 --> 0:35:36.319
<v Speaker 2>would have all would would lay the groundwork for the

0:35:36.320 --> 0:35:40.040
<v Speaker 2>locomotive revolution that's to come. And it's honestly kind of

0:35:40.040 --> 0:35:42.480
<v Speaker 2>interesting to think about the connection between trains and mine

0:35:42.520 --> 0:35:45.360
<v Speaker 2>carts here because mines, of course, as we've discussed in

0:35:45.360 --> 0:35:47.560
<v Speaker 2>the show before, are also places with their own deep

0:35:47.600 --> 0:35:52.120
<v Speaker 2>seated myths and legends and definitely themes of traveling into

0:35:52.160 --> 0:35:52.840
<v Speaker 2>the underworld.

0:35:53.160 --> 0:35:55.640
<v Speaker 3>Yeah I was about to say, overlapping themes. Yeah.

0:35:55.880 --> 0:35:59.400
<v Speaker 2>Now, steam technology also runs pretty deep in its basic

0:35:59.440 --> 0:36:02.800
<v Speaker 2>conception and theorized, for instance, in the second half of

0:36:02.840 --> 0:36:07.200
<v Speaker 2>the first century CE by Greek mathematician hero sometimes called

0:36:07.239 --> 0:36:11.880
<v Speaker 2>Heros or Heron. For centuries, however, steam technology was mostly

0:36:11.920 --> 0:36:17.040
<v Speaker 2>the domain of theories and concepts, followed by experiments and novelties,

0:36:17.200 --> 0:36:20.560
<v Speaker 2>you know, essentially little toys, leading up to a let's

0:36:20.560 --> 0:36:24.040
<v Speaker 2>see a seventeenth century pressure cooker, and then in sixteen

0:36:24.239 --> 0:36:30.120
<v Speaker 2>ninety eight Thomas Savory's steam pump the Miner's Friend. This

0:36:30.239 --> 0:36:32.960
<v Speaker 2>was invented as a way to use steam power to

0:36:33.000 --> 0:36:35.800
<v Speaker 2>remove water from mines, sort.

0:36:35.600 --> 0:36:36.319
<v Speaker 3>Of pump them out.

0:36:36.520 --> 0:36:40.719
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. Now, it actually wasn't that successful in pumping water

0:36:40.760 --> 0:36:43.560
<v Speaker 2>out of mines for a number of technological reasons and

0:36:43.800 --> 0:36:47.240
<v Speaker 2>technological limitations at the time, but it pushed the technology forward.

0:36:47.239 --> 0:36:49.120
<v Speaker 2>And there are various examples of this sort of thing

0:36:49.440 --> 0:36:52.040
<v Speaker 2>in the development of steam technology. Leading up to the

0:36:52.080 --> 0:36:56.759
<v Speaker 2>steam train, we get the Newcomen engine, the Bolton and

0:36:56.800 --> 0:37:00.960
<v Speaker 2>Watt engine, we get the Cornish engine, and each of

0:37:00.960 --> 0:37:04.319
<v Speaker 2>these has its own story that we don't have time

0:37:04.320 --> 0:37:06.359
<v Speaker 2>to get into here. And then at the same time,

0:37:06.400 --> 0:37:08.840
<v Speaker 2>there were plenty of other schemes to power a land

0:37:08.960 --> 0:37:12.400
<v Speaker 2>vehicle with some sort of technology it steam or otherwise.

0:37:12.880 --> 0:37:15.879
<v Speaker 2>So concepts and attempts at steam driven cars date back

0:37:15.920 --> 0:37:19.920
<v Speaker 2>to the sixteen hundreds and French inventor Nicholas Joseph Kuno

0:37:20.719 --> 0:37:24.160
<v Speaker 2>made the first steam powered vehicle in seventeen sixty nine.

0:37:24.680 --> 0:37:27.360
<v Speaker 2>But then Richard Trevithek, one of the mines behind the

0:37:27.400 --> 0:37:29.799
<v Speaker 2>Cornish engine, took it to the next level with a

0:37:29.840 --> 0:37:32.960
<v Speaker 2>steam powered engine designed to take advantage of the pre

0:37:33.040 --> 0:37:37.120
<v Speaker 2>existing iron enforced wooden rails called tramways that were already

0:37:37.200 --> 0:37:39.799
<v Speaker 2>used in industrial parts of England, on which you had

0:37:39.920 --> 0:37:44.080
<v Speaker 2>horses pulling carts full of sa coal. Two decades after this,

0:37:44.200 --> 0:37:49.960
<v Speaker 2>British engineer George Stevenson advanced the concept and locomotion number

0:37:50.000 --> 0:37:53.239
<v Speaker 2>one carried cargo and I believest six hundred passengers in

0:37:53.280 --> 0:37:56.640
<v Speaker 2>a test run. And at this point there are various

0:37:56.680 --> 0:37:59.920
<v Speaker 2>important figures in the UK, in the US and l

0:38:00.000 --> 0:38:03.640
<v Speaker 2>elsewhere who end up pushing the technology and the industry

0:38:03.680 --> 0:38:06.600
<v Speaker 2>of trains forward, because it's kind of like a push

0:38:06.600 --> 0:38:08.440
<v Speaker 2>and pull there, like you need the technology, but you

0:38:08.480 --> 0:38:11.319
<v Speaker 2>also need the industry, you need the business savvy, you

0:38:11.360 --> 0:38:14.919
<v Speaker 2>need applications of the technology, and so it's a it's

0:38:14.920 --> 0:38:19.160
<v Speaker 2>a fascinating but also kind of ever expanding history at

0:38:19.160 --> 0:38:22.560
<v Speaker 2>this point. But the way this ends up affecting the

0:38:22.600 --> 0:38:25.920
<v Speaker 2>world is of course, train tracks steadily began to stitch

0:38:25.960 --> 0:38:31.040
<v Speaker 2>together major centers of population within a given country, within

0:38:31.120 --> 0:38:35.200
<v Speaker 2>a given nation, but then also between cities and neighboring nations,

0:38:35.719 --> 0:38:39.640
<v Speaker 2>and they eventually seem to be encircling the earth kind

0:38:39.680 --> 0:38:44.360
<v Speaker 2>of like that iron spider that was referenced the Dickens quote.

0:38:44.120 --> 0:38:46.400
<v Speaker 3>The great ground spiders that spun only iron.

0:38:46.520 --> 0:38:50.919
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, yeah, and they're also burrowing underneath the earth.

0:38:50.960 --> 0:38:53.680
<v Speaker 2>We have to remember that the London underground parts of it,

0:38:53.920 --> 0:38:56.080
<v Speaker 2>at any rate, the earliest parts of it began opening

0:38:56.160 --> 0:39:01.920
<v Speaker 2>in like eighteen sixty three, So base trained technology, you know,

0:39:02.040 --> 0:39:05.000
<v Speaker 2>spinning off of these other technologies, it ends up changing

0:39:05.040 --> 0:39:08.719
<v Speaker 2>the way humans and goods traverse the world, just changing

0:39:09.239 --> 0:39:11.320
<v Speaker 2>so many things about the shape of human life.

0:39:11.440 --> 0:39:15.319
<v Speaker 3>And I think you can argue having ripple effects out

0:39:15.360 --> 0:39:20.719
<v Speaker 3>through culture that are much bigger than just making it

0:39:20.800 --> 0:39:23.600
<v Speaker 3>faster to get stuff and people from one place to another.

0:39:24.360 --> 0:39:26.480
<v Speaker 3>I mean, one example we've talked about on the show

0:39:26.480 --> 0:39:30.360
<v Speaker 3>before is the way that train scheduled affected the cultural

0:39:30.400 --> 0:39:34.759
<v Speaker 3>concept of time. Yes, like trains, it's very important that

0:39:34.800 --> 0:39:37.880
<v Speaker 3>you are operating on schedule. There can be danger if there,

0:39:37.920 --> 0:39:41.200
<v Speaker 3>you know, miscommunications of time even down to the to

0:39:41.280 --> 0:39:43.759
<v Speaker 3>a matter of minutes. So like suddenly there is a

0:39:43.880 --> 0:39:48.319
<v Speaker 3>necessity for exact measures of time that are you know,

0:39:48.400 --> 0:39:51.520
<v Speaker 3>held throughout a place, and that sort of changes everything

0:39:51.560 --> 0:39:54.040
<v Speaker 3>in a way. Lots of stuff follows downstream from that,

0:39:54.080 --> 0:39:55.560
<v Speaker 3>and there are other things like that.

0:39:56.080 --> 0:39:56.279
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

0:39:56.480 --> 0:39:59.680
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's almost like the continuity of the rail itself

0:40:00.120 --> 0:40:04.239
<v Speaker 2>stretching from this big city to this small town, like

0:40:04.480 --> 0:40:07.880
<v Speaker 2>they are one now in the is as far as

0:40:07.920 --> 0:40:10.680
<v Speaker 2>time is concerned. I mean, it always was, but you

0:40:10.719 --> 0:40:13.080
<v Speaker 2>can no longer have just sort of local time, like yeah,

0:40:13.080 --> 0:40:15.399
<v Speaker 2>it's you know here, it's like three thirty five. Now,

0:40:15.600 --> 0:40:17.359
<v Speaker 2>if you're saying it's three thirty five here, it has

0:40:17.400 --> 0:40:19.359
<v Speaker 2>to be three thirty five back in the city. These

0:40:19.360 --> 0:40:20.960
<v Speaker 2>times absolutely have to match.

0:40:31.800 --> 0:40:34.560
<v Speaker 3>Okay. So we've talked about the use of trains as

0:40:34.600 --> 0:40:37.879
<v Speaker 3>a setting or plot device in weird fiction. We've talked

0:40:37.920 --> 0:40:42.160
<v Speaker 3>about common themes attaching to locomotive horror themes like fate

0:40:42.320 --> 0:40:47.400
<v Speaker 3>and helplessness, isolation and alienation. We talked a bit about

0:40:47.520 --> 0:40:51.080
<v Speaker 3>the early steam locomotive models like George and Robert Stevenson's

0:40:51.080 --> 0:40:54.239
<v Speaker 3>Locomotion Number one in the eighteen twenties, and then the

0:40:54.400 --> 0:40:57.839
<v Speaker 3>emerging cultural impact of steam powered trains in the mid

0:40:57.960 --> 0:41:02.000
<v Speaker 3>nineteenth century as they became more or incorporated into everyday

0:41:02.040 --> 0:41:07.280
<v Speaker 3>life within industrial societies. But with technological and cultural changes

0:41:07.520 --> 0:41:11.719
<v Speaker 3>we know there often come anxieties. New technologies have not

0:41:11.760 --> 0:41:15.480
<v Speaker 3>only a way of creating new fears and stresses, but

0:41:15.600 --> 0:41:21.319
<v Speaker 3>also of exposing and tenderizing anxieties that existed before. So

0:41:21.600 --> 0:41:24.759
<v Speaker 3>I wanted to talk briefly about what I think is

0:41:24.800 --> 0:41:28.840
<v Speaker 3>a really interesting phenomenon which we could call the Victorian

0:41:29.200 --> 0:41:35.799
<v Speaker 3>railway madness panic. This was a particular journalistic and cultural

0:41:35.880 --> 0:41:41.520
<v Speaker 3>obsession in Great Britain lasting between roughly eighteen sixty and

0:41:41.680 --> 0:41:46.560
<v Speaker 3>eighteen eighty, in which it seems people were both fascinated

0:41:46.680 --> 0:41:51.840
<v Speaker 3>with and horrified by the idea of being confined with violent,

0:41:52.200 --> 0:41:56.799
<v Speaker 3>raving madmen on moving trains. So my main source on

0:41:56.840 --> 0:42:00.720
<v Speaker 3>this subject is a historical article published in the Journal

0:42:00.840 --> 0:42:05.319
<v Speaker 3>of Victorian Culture in twenty sixteen called Shattered Minds mad

0:42:05.360 --> 0:42:09.080
<v Speaker 3>Men on the Railways eighteen sixty to eighteen eighty. And

0:42:09.120 --> 0:42:12.640
<v Speaker 3>this article is by a scholar named Amy Milne Smith,

0:42:12.680 --> 0:42:17.240
<v Speaker 3>who is a professor of history at Wilfrid Laurier University. Overall,

0:42:17.280 --> 0:42:19.919
<v Speaker 3>it's a fascinating read, and I regret that we don't

0:42:19.920 --> 0:42:22.440
<v Speaker 3>have time to get into all of the interesting details

0:42:22.440 --> 0:42:25.040
<v Speaker 3>and arguments that the author brings up here. I'm going

0:42:25.080 --> 0:42:27.160
<v Speaker 3>to mention some of the major points that stood out

0:42:27.200 --> 0:42:29.440
<v Speaker 3>to me as relevant for our discussion today, but it's

0:42:29.440 --> 0:42:31.600
<v Speaker 3>possible we'll come back to this paper a bit more

0:42:31.600 --> 0:42:35.719
<v Speaker 3>in the next episode as well. So this article begins

0:42:35.800 --> 0:42:40.399
<v Speaker 3>by highlighting another article, an article from eighteen sixty three,

0:42:40.560 --> 0:42:43.600
<v Speaker 3>which is great because it's one of those social trend

0:42:43.719 --> 0:42:46.719
<v Speaker 3>articles that we still get today. Like you know, five

0:42:46.800 --> 0:42:48.560
<v Speaker 3>or ten years ago, it was like all the teens

0:42:48.600 --> 0:42:52.040
<v Speaker 3>are reading tide pods. But this one is from eighteen

0:42:52.120 --> 0:42:55.280
<v Speaker 3>sixty three and it's called A Madman on the Rail,

0:42:55.400 --> 0:42:59.680
<v Speaker 3>published in the London Review. And so I looked this

0:42:59.760 --> 0:43:02.640
<v Speaker 3>article up in full, actually, so I could see everything

0:43:02.640 --> 0:43:04.160
<v Speaker 3>it says. I found a full scan of it on

0:43:04.280 --> 0:43:07.320
<v Speaker 3>archive dot org and it is packed with interesting claims.

0:43:07.640 --> 0:43:10.400
<v Speaker 3>But I have to mention the opening lines because the

0:43:10.520 --> 0:43:13.400
<v Speaker 3>editors of the London Review really know how to grab you.

0:43:13.920 --> 0:43:17.799
<v Speaker 3>They say, we demand that a bishop or privy counselor

0:43:17.880 --> 0:43:20.880
<v Speaker 3>be slaughtered in a railway carriage for the benefit of

0:43:20.920 --> 0:43:24.920
<v Speaker 3>his country. Sidney Smith long ago made a similar demand

0:43:25.160 --> 0:43:28.160
<v Speaker 3>that a dignitary of the church be burnt alive in

0:43:28.239 --> 0:43:32.640
<v Speaker 3>a railway carriage which had spontaneously caught fire, for this

0:43:32.920 --> 0:43:36.560
<v Speaker 3>is the only means of impressing railway directors with the

0:43:36.640 --> 0:43:42.400
<v Speaker 3>propriety of affording travelers some means of communicating with the guard. Okay,

0:43:42.440 --> 0:43:45.480
<v Speaker 3>So if I'm grading this as a first year persuasive essay,

0:43:45.840 --> 0:43:47.840
<v Speaker 3>that might be coming on a little strong, but not

0:43:47.960 --> 0:43:50.440
<v Speaker 3>bad to begin by making it clear how serious you

0:43:50.480 --> 0:43:53.879
<v Speaker 3>think an issue is that? What's the problem that they

0:43:53.880 --> 0:43:56.000
<v Speaker 3>say can only be solved by human sacrifice?

0:43:56.160 --> 0:43:59.520
<v Speaker 2>Yeah? Yeah, threatening the clergy with ritual death seems a

0:43:59.560 --> 0:44:01.680
<v Speaker 2>little Styes.

0:44:01.280 --> 0:44:06.680
<v Speaker 3>So here's the problem quote. Traveling express with madmen is

0:44:06.920 --> 0:44:11.759
<v Speaker 3>unfortunately not an improbable circumstance of real life. And if

0:44:11.800 --> 0:44:15.960
<v Speaker 3>there be any tendency to mania, the excitement of rapid

0:44:16.000 --> 0:44:19.439
<v Speaker 3>transit through the air is the very thing to bring

0:44:19.480 --> 0:44:24.520
<v Speaker 3>it on. So this article is not isolated. I think

0:44:24.560 --> 0:44:28.920
<v Speaker 3>we could characterize this as part of a journalistic phenomenon

0:44:29.200 --> 0:44:34.360
<v Speaker 3>of the eighteen sixties of newspaper and magazine articles really

0:44:34.440 --> 0:44:39.840
<v Speaker 3>focusing on and highlighting the dangers of madmen on trains,

0:44:40.760 --> 0:44:44.680
<v Speaker 3>and so this article by Amy Miln Smith explores a

0:44:44.719 --> 0:44:49.160
<v Speaker 3>lot of that cultural obsession, and it concerns two different

0:44:49.400 --> 0:44:52.480
<v Speaker 3>nightmare train ride scenarios that sort of gripped the minds

0:44:52.520 --> 0:44:55.600
<v Speaker 3>of the British public in these decades. So the first

0:44:55.640 --> 0:44:59.960
<v Speaker 3>scenario is I think more plausible from our perspective today,

0:45:01.080 --> 0:45:05.320
<v Speaker 3>and that scenario is violent madmen are getting on board

0:45:05.400 --> 0:45:08.959
<v Speaker 3>trains and other passengers are trapped in the cars with them.

0:45:09.560 --> 0:45:12.200
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, because this is an idea that has never completely

0:45:12.320 --> 0:45:15.520
<v Speaker 2>gone away and still makes the headlines, whether you're talking

0:45:15.560 --> 0:45:19.160
<v Speaker 2>about the trains, particularly say New York subway. I mean,

0:45:19.200 --> 0:45:22.239
<v Speaker 2>it's become it's a trope. It's a joke about the

0:45:22.280 --> 0:45:25.400
<v Speaker 2>individual's misbehaving or posing a danger on an un given

0:45:25.400 --> 0:45:29.520
<v Speaker 2>train car. And then likewise we see echoes of this

0:45:29.840 --> 0:45:31.200
<v Speaker 2>with in aviation as well.

0:45:31.520 --> 0:45:31.719
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

0:45:31.840 --> 0:45:35.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so it's you know, to a certain extent or reality,

0:45:35.040 --> 0:45:39.360
<v Speaker 2>but also something that is easily easily built up in

0:45:39.400 --> 0:45:40.359
<v Speaker 2>the imagination as well.

0:45:40.480 --> 0:45:43.759
<v Speaker 3>Well. Yeah, exactly. So there is no doubt there were

0:45:43.920 --> 0:45:47.200
<v Speaker 3>cases in this time period where people were violently attacked

0:45:47.200 --> 0:45:49.520
<v Speaker 3>by a stranger on a train. Of course, this can

0:45:49.600 --> 0:45:51.880
<v Speaker 3>happen in pretty much any public place, and that the

0:45:51.960 --> 0:45:55.080
<v Speaker 3>train is one place it does happen. And while I

0:45:55.080 --> 0:45:58.720
<v Speaker 3>think a kind of vividness bias probably made this scenario

0:45:58.880 --> 0:46:02.520
<v Speaker 3>seem more calm than it actually was, you can't blame

0:46:02.560 --> 0:46:05.520
<v Speaker 3>people for being alarmed. I mean, nobody would want to

0:46:05.520 --> 0:46:07.920
<v Speaker 3>be trapped in a confined space with a person who's

0:46:07.920 --> 0:46:11.840
<v Speaker 3>acting erratically and then becomes violent. That's a bad situation

0:46:11.920 --> 0:46:14.680
<v Speaker 3>to be in. So you can't blame people for seeing

0:46:14.719 --> 0:46:17.080
<v Speaker 3>that as a problem. But the issue seems to be

0:46:17.160 --> 0:46:21.040
<v Speaker 3>that people came to believe, because of the reporting environment,

0:46:21.400 --> 0:46:24.800
<v Speaker 3>that this was an extremely common problem, when in fact

0:46:24.800 --> 0:46:29.320
<v Speaker 3>it probably was not. The second scenario described in this article, however,

0:46:29.520 --> 0:46:33.960
<v Speaker 3>is more strange and intriguing, certainly from our modern medical

0:46:34.000 --> 0:46:37.600
<v Speaker 3>point of view, and that idea is that the act

0:46:37.760 --> 0:46:42.840
<v Speaker 3>of riding on board a steam train could itself drive

0:46:43.080 --> 0:46:46.759
<v Speaker 3>someone mad and send them shrieking and slashing at their

0:46:46.800 --> 0:46:50.000
<v Speaker 3>fellow passengers. The author writes about this as a common

0:46:50.520 --> 0:46:55.040
<v Speaker 3>medical expert sentiment of the eighteen sixties, saying quote, doctors

0:46:55.160 --> 0:46:59.840
<v Speaker 3>warned that intense vibrations of the railway carriage, the speed

0:46:59.880 --> 0:47:03.680
<v Speaker 3>of travel, and the danger of traumatic accidents could unsettle

0:47:03.719 --> 0:47:08.560
<v Speaker 3>both people's physical and mental health. So this led to

0:47:08.880 --> 0:47:11.080
<v Speaker 3>not only the fear that you might be the victim

0:47:11.160 --> 0:47:14.760
<v Speaker 3>of a railway madman, but that without any prior warning,

0:47:14.880 --> 0:47:17.160
<v Speaker 3>you might become one yourself.

0:47:18.520 --> 0:47:21.640
<v Speaker 2>Yeah again, getting decided there's something about train travel that

0:47:22.239 --> 0:47:26.120
<v Speaker 2>is inherently abnormal, and it can make you abnormal as

0:47:26.160 --> 0:47:29.600
<v Speaker 2>well or enhance abnormal tendencies.

0:47:30.000 --> 0:47:32.960
<v Speaker 3>Now, Milne Smith sort of charts the historical arc of

0:47:33.719 --> 0:47:37.040
<v Speaker 3>this panic about railway mad men, saying that it sort

0:47:37.080 --> 0:47:40.280
<v Speaker 3>of begins as a topic in the eighteen sixties, peaks

0:47:40.320 --> 0:47:44.279
<v Speaker 3>in the eighteen seventies, and then pretty much completely disappears

0:47:44.360 --> 0:47:46.840
<v Speaker 3>by later in the nineteenth century. It's sort of gone

0:47:46.880 --> 0:47:51.440
<v Speaker 3>by the eighteen eighties, or the same kind of phenomenon

0:47:52.239 --> 0:47:55.240
<v Speaker 3>when reported on in the later decades of the nineteenth

0:47:55.280 --> 0:47:58.120
<v Speaker 3>century for some reason, or treated as kind of quaint

0:47:58.280 --> 0:48:03.120
<v Speaker 3>instead of as terrifying. She also says that railway madness

0:48:03.200 --> 0:48:06.120
<v Speaker 3>in this cultural context really meets all of the key

0:48:06.160 --> 0:48:09.560
<v Speaker 3>criteria to find to be defined as a moral panic

0:48:09.600 --> 0:48:13.319
<v Speaker 3>in the way academics would normally understand the term. So

0:48:13.400 --> 0:48:16.960
<v Speaker 3>there's sort of a topical consensus of fear and apprehension

0:48:17.560 --> 0:48:21.800
<v Speaker 3>about some apparent or alleged trend in society. Quote, drawing

0:48:21.840 --> 0:48:26.839
<v Speaker 3>on latent fears and triggered by sensational events, and so

0:48:26.880 --> 0:48:30.600
<v Speaker 3>she says that while the normal moral panic lasts maybe

0:48:30.640 --> 0:48:34.080
<v Speaker 3>several months for a number of reasons, the railway madness

0:48:34.080 --> 0:48:37.840
<v Speaker 3>panic lasted roughly two decades, again, from about eighteen sixty

0:48:37.880 --> 0:48:41.880
<v Speaker 3>to about eighteen eighty. And what made this especially potent

0:48:42.120 --> 0:48:46.560
<v Speaker 3>was that it triggered at the same time anxieties about

0:48:46.640 --> 0:48:51.800
<v Speaker 3>technological change, but also apparently some kind of gendered anxieties

0:48:52.200 --> 0:48:56.960
<v Speaker 3>about failed masculinity, because she says in the eighteen sixties

0:48:56.960 --> 0:49:02.200
<v Speaker 3>in Britain there was generally increasing public consciousness of mental illness.

0:49:02.280 --> 0:49:04.080
<v Speaker 3>There was a lot of talk in the press about

0:49:04.120 --> 0:49:06.480
<v Speaker 3>what was at the time often referred to as lunacy

0:49:06.600 --> 0:49:10.840
<v Speaker 3>and lunatics, and about perceived failures of the asylum system.

0:49:11.520 --> 0:49:15.360
<v Speaker 3>And while this consciousness of mental illness, the author contends,

0:49:15.560 --> 0:49:18.680
<v Speaker 3>was in general observed in both men and women with

0:49:18.800 --> 0:49:23.480
<v Speaker 3>rough parody, for some reason, the railway travel induced madness

0:49:23.960 --> 0:49:28.000
<v Speaker 3>was believed to be a distinctly male phenomenon. The railway

0:49:28.040 --> 0:49:32.480
<v Speaker 3>mad men were, for some reason, specifically mad men. She

0:49:32.520 --> 0:49:37.040
<v Speaker 3>also gets into some interesting things about the sensationalism demands

0:49:37.160 --> 0:49:40.000
<v Speaker 3>of the press at the time. In the eighteen sixties,

0:49:40.440 --> 0:49:43.400
<v Speaker 3>there were a lot of newspapers that were at the

0:49:43.440 --> 0:49:46.719
<v Speaker 3>same time that they might look down on and have

0:49:46.840 --> 0:49:50.759
<v Speaker 3>scathing editorials about the idea of the so called sensation novels.

0:49:50.840 --> 0:49:54.759
<v Speaker 3>In fiction, they were very happy to really ramp up

0:49:54.800 --> 0:49:59.680
<v Speaker 3>the gory details and exaggerate anything about violent crime or

0:49:59.680 --> 0:50:03.239
<v Speaker 3>mad men in the papers, and so there was there

0:50:03.520 --> 0:50:05.800
<v Speaker 3>was a hunger in the British press in the eighteen

0:50:05.840 --> 0:50:10.399
<v Speaker 3>sixties for stories about violent mad men, and especially if

0:50:10.440 --> 0:50:14.439
<v Speaker 3>the circumstances of the story were strange, and apparently for

0:50:14.480 --> 0:50:18.080
<v Speaker 3>some reason people just really latched onto the setting of

0:50:18.160 --> 0:50:21.440
<v Speaker 3>the railway train for this kind of story. So it

0:50:21.520 --> 0:50:24.759
<v Speaker 3>was like, this is what the eighteen sixty equivalent of,

0:50:25.080 --> 0:50:26.520
<v Speaker 3>This is what people are clicking on.

0:50:27.320 --> 0:50:30.560
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, And you could basically take anything and spin

0:50:30.600 --> 0:50:33.279
<v Speaker 2>it out, right, because even if you a week goes

0:50:33.280 --> 0:50:36.239
<v Speaker 2>by you don't have an actual madman attack on a train,

0:50:36.440 --> 0:50:38.440
<v Speaker 2>perhaps you have something that could be played up as

0:50:38.480 --> 0:50:42.520
<v Speaker 2>they brush with a train madman, you know, like some

0:50:42.600 --> 0:50:46.719
<v Speaker 2>are amount of erratic behavior or reported erratic behavior or

0:50:46.880 --> 0:50:50.920
<v Speaker 2>reported shiftiness that can then be blown up into a story.

0:50:51.440 --> 0:50:54.319
<v Speaker 3>Yes, that's exactly right, very perceptive roll because she does

0:50:54.360 --> 0:50:57.479
<v Speaker 3>get into exactly that that dynamic. I mean we're still

0:50:57.480 --> 0:51:01.839
<v Speaker 3>doing it today, yes, yeah. And so like the way

0:51:01.880 --> 0:51:06.520
<v Speaker 3>it is is there are some initially very terrible events,

0:51:06.640 --> 0:51:09.719
<v Speaker 3>Like there was one very famous case of an actual

0:51:09.840 --> 0:51:12.719
<v Speaker 3>murder on a train in Great Britain. It was in

0:51:12.840 --> 0:51:17.000
<v Speaker 3>July eighteen sixty four. A London banker named Thomas Briggs

0:51:17.120 --> 0:51:21.279
<v Speaker 3>was beaten and murdered inside of a locked train compartment. Eventually,

0:51:21.440 --> 0:51:27.040
<v Speaker 3>a German tailor named Franz Mueller was convicted of the murder.

0:51:27.080 --> 0:51:32.320
<v Speaker 3>I think it involved like a transatlantic pursuit of the suspect,

0:51:33.120 --> 0:51:36.000
<v Speaker 3>but what he was eventually convicted. So that was an actual,

0:51:36.360 --> 0:51:39.719
<v Speaker 3>like terrifying violent crime on a train. But then you

0:51:39.760 --> 0:51:42.520
<v Speaker 3>could spin that out into a lot of other scenarios

0:51:43.160 --> 0:51:47.760
<v Speaker 3>where in many cases like nobody was actually even hurt,

0:51:48.200 --> 0:51:50.799
<v Speaker 3>but they would just the press would put a lot

0:51:50.840 --> 0:51:55.560
<v Speaker 3>of emphasis on something kind of weird and disturbing happened

0:51:55.600 --> 0:51:58.359
<v Speaker 3>on a train and think of the danger that could

0:51:58.440 --> 0:52:03.319
<v Speaker 3>have unfolded. So there's one example that the author cites

0:52:03.360 --> 0:52:07.000
<v Speaker 3>in this paper of a story where there's an express

0:52:07.080 --> 0:52:10.920
<v Speaker 3>train from King's Cross to Peterborough and a large sailor

0:52:11.040 --> 0:52:14.240
<v Speaker 3>gets on board. The journey begins, and then the sailor

0:52:14.640 --> 0:52:19.560
<v Speaker 3>begins behaving erradically, accusing his fellow passengers of stealing from him,

0:52:19.920 --> 0:52:21.719
<v Speaker 3>and then at one point he tries to leap out

0:52:21.760 --> 0:52:24.520
<v Speaker 3>of one of the windows of the moving train. Several

0:52:24.520 --> 0:52:27.280
<v Speaker 3>other passengers prevent him from getting out of the window.

0:52:27.400 --> 0:52:29.719
<v Speaker 3>They're able to restrain him until the train comes to

0:52:29.760 --> 0:52:34.279
<v Speaker 3>a stop, and then authorities take over. And note how

0:52:34.360 --> 0:52:38.080
<v Speaker 3>in the story there's no indication that anyone was actually

0:52:38.080 --> 0:52:42.160
<v Speaker 3>badly hurt, but the press reporting just really emphasized the

0:52:42.160 --> 0:52:45.240
<v Speaker 3>theme of madness and the threat that the sailor could

0:52:45.320 --> 0:52:49.440
<v Speaker 3>have posed to the other passengers. There's another report she

0:52:49.560 --> 0:52:53.480
<v Speaker 3>mentions that's in the Wrexham Advertiser in eighteen sixty nine.

0:52:53.520 --> 0:52:57.399
<v Speaker 3>It's the story of an aristocratic man from Falkirk who

0:52:57.440 --> 0:53:00.000
<v Speaker 3>got onto a train and then took off all his clothes,

0:53:00.360 --> 0:53:04.080
<v Speaker 3>leaned out the window and started talking nonsense. After the

0:53:04.080 --> 0:53:06.600
<v Speaker 3>station master was alerted, they got him off the train,

0:53:06.920 --> 0:53:09.000
<v Speaker 3>and then, strangely, after they got him off the train,

0:53:09.080 --> 0:53:11.520
<v Speaker 3>it reports that he seemed to come back to his senses,

0:53:12.239 --> 0:53:15.799
<v Speaker 3>and this ties into the idea I mentioned a minute ago.

0:53:16.000 --> 0:53:19.439
<v Speaker 3>The strange belief at the time that there was such

0:53:19.440 --> 0:53:25.040
<v Speaker 3>a thing as sudden railway madness, so that essentially a

0:53:25.480 --> 0:53:30.640
<v Speaker 3>man who was, by all outward indications previously healthy, could,

0:53:30.800 --> 0:53:34.920
<v Speaker 3>by some mechanism of the movements and environment of the train,

0:53:35.520 --> 0:53:41.640
<v Speaker 3>be rendered instantly violently insane. And this was not considered

0:53:41.680 --> 0:53:43.880
<v Speaker 3>a fringe or quack theory at the time. From what

0:53:43.920 --> 0:53:46.280
<v Speaker 3>I can tell, like, the idea was advanced by many

0:53:46.440 --> 0:53:49.360
<v Speaker 3>physicians and in articles in some of the leading medical

0:53:49.440 --> 0:53:53.240
<v Speaker 3>journals of the eighteen sixties. One example that Miln Smith

0:53:53.320 --> 0:53:56.400
<v Speaker 3>sites is in eighteen sixty two, the medical journal The

0:53:56.520 --> 0:53:59.920
<v Speaker 3>Lancet published a series of articles about the threats to

0:54:00.080 --> 0:54:03.799
<v Speaker 3>public health posed by railway travel. Uh and, as she

0:54:03.800 --> 0:54:07.359
<v Speaker 3>summarizes as follows quote, the articles listed a number of

0:54:07.400 --> 0:54:11.320
<v Speaker 3>potentially dangerous effects of railway travel on the unsuspecting passenger,

0:54:11.760 --> 0:54:16.960
<v Speaker 3>ranging from fatigue to hemorrhoids to paralysis. A man suffering

0:54:17.680 --> 0:54:21.319
<v Speaker 3>hemorrhoids Okay, maybe I don't know, but it goes on,

0:54:21.520 --> 0:54:25.279
<v Speaker 3>A man suffering from underlying mental anxieties or born with

0:54:25.280 --> 0:54:29.799
<v Speaker 3>a predisposition to insanity could have his illness triggered by

0:54:29.840 --> 0:54:31.640
<v Speaker 3>the railway trip itself.

0:54:32.480 --> 0:54:34.640
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and I mean this is one of those things

0:54:34.640 --> 0:54:37.399
<v Speaker 2>where on one hand, it seems outrageous. But then also,

0:54:38.000 --> 0:54:39.920
<v Speaker 2>I mean, there is some nugget of truth to the

0:54:39.920 --> 0:54:44.160
<v Speaker 2>fact that travel can be stressful, sure, and can aggravate

0:54:44.600 --> 0:54:47.440
<v Speaker 2>other you know, things going on in your your mental

0:54:47.480 --> 0:54:52.520
<v Speaker 2>life or you know, your mental health. So yeah, there's

0:54:52.640 --> 0:54:58.160
<v Speaker 2>there's a line though, between you know, actual concern and

0:54:58.320 --> 0:54:59.840
<v Speaker 2>something that just becomes a panic.

0:55:00.760 --> 0:55:02.840
<v Speaker 3>That's right. And then once again, as we said earlier,

0:55:02.920 --> 0:55:06.560
<v Speaker 3>like in the cases where somebody is actually acting violently

0:55:06.600 --> 0:55:09.520
<v Speaker 3>on a train, that's obviously a huge problem, but the

0:55:10.080 --> 0:55:15.320
<v Speaker 3>social panic around this seemed to vastly exaggerate the prevalence

0:55:15.360 --> 0:55:18.080
<v Speaker 3>of the problem. There was this perception that it's happening

0:55:18.080 --> 0:55:21.759
<v Speaker 3>all the time and it's just a persistent danger of

0:55:21.880 --> 0:55:25.319
<v Speaker 3>riding the trains and something must be done about it.

0:55:25.719 --> 0:55:28.840
<v Speaker 3>And yet another interesting thing Melan Smith gets into is

0:55:28.920 --> 0:55:33.160
<v Speaker 3>the kind of difficulty in enacting any of the proposed

0:55:33.200 --> 0:55:37.720
<v Speaker 3>solutions to this alleged problem. So the solutions included things

0:55:37.760 --> 0:55:40.799
<v Speaker 3>like changes in the design of rail cars, because some

0:55:41.080 --> 0:55:44.280
<v Speaker 3>passenger cars at the time would have a situation where

0:55:44.320 --> 0:55:46.680
<v Speaker 3>like you'd be in a compartment or a carriage and

0:55:46.719 --> 0:55:50.719
<v Speaker 3>you'd be essentially locked in from the outside with no

0:55:50.800 --> 0:55:53.720
<v Speaker 3>way of traveling to like other parts of the train.

0:55:53.880 --> 0:55:58.960
<v Speaker 3>If something bad was happening in your compartment or carriage

0:55:59.160 --> 0:56:00.720
<v Speaker 3>and you wanted to go some where else, you couldn't

0:56:00.760 --> 0:56:03.120
<v Speaker 3>really leave until the train came to a stop. So

0:56:03.239 --> 0:56:05.600
<v Speaker 3>that's a possible solution. You could change the design of

0:56:05.640 --> 0:56:08.400
<v Speaker 3>the train. You could add interior corridors and ways of

0:56:08.400 --> 0:56:11.440
<v Speaker 3>getting back and forth. You could also add in ways

0:56:11.520 --> 0:56:15.160
<v Speaker 3>to communicate with the train guard, so people in compartments

0:56:15.200 --> 0:56:18.320
<v Speaker 3>could you know, could have like a like a cord

0:56:18.480 --> 0:56:20.480
<v Speaker 3>or some kind of thing they could pull, or way

0:56:20.520 --> 0:56:23.160
<v Speaker 3>of communicating with some kind of authority figure on the train.

0:56:23.840 --> 0:56:26.480
<v Speaker 3>Or another idea that would come about a good deal

0:56:26.560 --> 0:56:30.239
<v Speaker 3>later was you could get emergency brake cords. People talked

0:56:30.280 --> 0:56:35.880
<v Speaker 3>about adding in windows, interior windows to the train compartments,

0:56:36.080 --> 0:56:38.520
<v Speaker 3>so that you know, you could signal for help, you

0:56:38.560 --> 0:56:41.520
<v Speaker 3>could look at somebody else. But apparently a lot of

0:56:41.520 --> 0:56:45.279
<v Speaker 3>these solutions took a long time to implement because they

0:56:45.360 --> 0:56:49.240
<v Speaker 3>faced opposition, often on the grounds that they were violations

0:56:49.360 --> 0:56:54.640
<v Speaker 3>of the privacy of the individual carriage or compartment. But

0:56:54.719 --> 0:56:58.680
<v Speaker 3>the author argues that the social panic about railway madness

0:56:58.719 --> 0:57:03.840
<v Speaker 3>went on because, in her opinion, it wasn't actually about

0:57:03.880 --> 0:57:07.239
<v Speaker 3>the true practical question of safety on a train car.

0:57:07.280 --> 0:57:09.479
<v Speaker 3>I mean, that's an element, but that's not the main thing.

0:57:09.960 --> 0:57:13.200
<v Speaker 3>It was a way of expressing deeper anxieties that could

0:57:13.239 --> 0:57:16.560
<v Speaker 3>not be fixed by a rail guard or a breake cord.

0:57:17.400 --> 0:57:20.640
<v Speaker 3>She writes, quote the railway was a symbol of civilization,

0:57:20.880 --> 0:57:25.080
<v Speaker 3>and yet it demonstrated how quickly civilization could fall away

0:57:25.200 --> 0:57:29.280
<v Speaker 3>from modern man. So the underlying anxiety has to do,

0:57:30.240 --> 0:57:33.840
<v Speaker 3>in her opinion, with a perceived fragility of the body

0:57:33.880 --> 0:57:36.120
<v Speaker 3>and the mind, a fear that was sort of in

0:57:36.200 --> 0:57:39.440
<v Speaker 3>the air in Victorian culture in Great Britain in the

0:57:39.480 --> 0:57:44.160
<v Speaker 3>eighteen sixties and seventies, related to consciousness of mental illness,

0:57:44.760 --> 0:57:48.240
<v Speaker 3>but then also spurred on by these popular stories about madmen,

0:57:48.680 --> 0:57:51.640
<v Speaker 3>and the fear was that someone could go mad at

0:57:51.680 --> 0:57:54.800
<v Speaker 3>any moment, even by the jostling of a train car.

0:57:55.160 --> 0:57:57.680
<v Speaker 3>And so this sort of symbol of changes in the

0:57:57.720 --> 0:58:01.800
<v Speaker 3>society around them, the technological environment, and of things happening

0:58:01.880 --> 0:58:04.800
<v Speaker 3>faster than you can understand, and the pace of modern

0:58:04.840 --> 0:58:08.000
<v Speaker 3>life changing and all this like stuff coming on so fast,

0:58:08.040 --> 0:58:12.000
<v Speaker 3>and that colliding with this idea of the fragility of

0:58:12.040 --> 0:58:15.320
<v Speaker 3>our minds and bodies, and that leading to this fear

0:58:15.800 --> 0:58:18.400
<v Speaker 3>that people could be changed in an instant. They're they're

0:58:18.440 --> 0:58:21.040
<v Speaker 3>moving too fast through the air, the loud train car,

0:58:21.240 --> 0:58:23.840
<v Speaker 3>the jostling back and forth of the train car, it

0:58:23.960 --> 0:58:27.480
<v Speaker 3>sets them off. And now it could be someone in

0:58:27.480 --> 0:58:29.840
<v Speaker 3>the train car with you, or it could be you yourself

0:58:30.080 --> 0:58:32.400
<v Speaker 3>that now you are no longer in control.

0:58:33.560 --> 0:58:33.840
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

0:58:34.000 --> 0:58:39.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And what you mentioned about this increasing awareness of

0:58:40.120 --> 0:58:43.640
<v Speaker 2>or this view of one's mental state as being fragile.

0:58:45.040 --> 0:58:47.000
<v Speaker 2>Do you see this reflected, you know, in the fiction

0:58:47.080 --> 0:58:49.800
<v Speaker 2>of the time period as well. I can't help but

0:58:49.840 --> 0:58:51.320
<v Speaker 2>think of at least of a couple a couple of

0:58:51.360 --> 0:58:55.240
<v Speaker 2>cases in the cases of Sherlock Holmes, where we see

0:58:56.480 --> 0:59:01.280
<v Speaker 2>madness play an important role, often affecting people of means,

0:59:01.360 --> 0:59:05.720
<v Speaker 2>people of status. There's, of course, the case of the

0:59:05.720 --> 0:59:09.440
<v Speaker 2>Creeping Man, and that one, of course involves some gorilla

0:59:09.520 --> 0:59:14.600
<v Speaker 2>hijinks and is borderline science fiction. But then there's the

0:59:14.360 --> 0:59:17.800
<v Speaker 2>and there's the excellent case of the Devil's Foot, which

0:59:17.840 --> 0:59:23.520
<v Speaker 2>involves on the outset some sort of unknown occurrence or substance.

0:59:23.640 --> 0:59:27.800
<v Speaker 2>It's unknown what actually happens that drives an entire room

0:59:27.840 --> 0:59:30.680
<v Speaker 2>full of people either kills them dead or drives them insane,

0:59:31.080 --> 0:59:32.840
<v Speaker 2>and at the beginning. It seems like it could even

0:59:32.880 --> 0:59:36.560
<v Speaker 2>have a supernatural cause. We don't know, but you know

0:59:36.840 --> 0:59:39.200
<v Speaker 2>both of these stories that there are stories that seemed

0:59:39.200 --> 0:59:41.640
<v Speaker 2>to drive home this idea that was in the public

0:59:41.680 --> 0:59:45.760
<v Speaker 2>consciousness that yeah, nobody is immune. Anybody can be affected

0:59:46.320 --> 0:59:49.480
<v Speaker 2>by some sort of change in their mental state.

0:59:50.080 --> 0:59:54.000
<v Speaker 3>Yes. And the prominence, the emerging prominence of railway travel

0:59:54.120 --> 0:59:56.520
<v Speaker 3>in human life in the eighteen sixties. I mean again,

0:59:56.840 --> 1:00:01.800
<v Speaker 3>remember how how quickly railways became central to industrial societies

1:00:01.840 --> 1:00:04.880
<v Speaker 3>in the mid nineteenth century. There was just an explosion

1:00:04.960 --> 1:00:07.040
<v Speaker 3>in the number of railway lines and the number of

1:00:07.080 --> 1:00:10.720
<v Speaker 3>passengers from like eighteen fifty to eighteen sixty in Great Britain.

1:00:11.200 --> 1:00:14.240
<v Speaker 3>That came on so quick. I think that change in

1:00:14.280 --> 1:00:17.480
<v Speaker 3>the world around them and in travel and infrastructure in

1:00:17.560 --> 1:00:21.920
<v Speaker 3>human life probably created this feeling that one could change

1:00:22.000 --> 1:00:25.400
<v Speaker 3>internally very quickly as well. So, Rob, I think you

1:00:25.400 --> 1:00:28.480
<v Speaker 3>said this earlier, but I think one could plausibly argue

1:00:28.480 --> 1:00:31.439
<v Speaker 3>that there is a kind of Victorian era future shot

1:00:31.560 --> 1:00:35.080
<v Speaker 3>going on, that all of this technological change coming on

1:00:35.160 --> 1:00:39.160
<v Speaker 3>so fast and changing the character of human life so much,

1:00:40.440 --> 1:00:43.840
<v Speaker 3>really does create in itself a kind of anxiety that

1:00:43.880 --> 1:00:47.160
<v Speaker 3>people end up working out in these horror stories and

1:00:48.440 --> 1:00:51.120
<v Speaker 3>in these sensational journalistic obsessions.

1:00:52.080 --> 1:00:56.640
<v Speaker 2>Again, this is so fascinating, given how every day train

1:00:56.760 --> 1:00:59.520
<v Speaker 2>travel really is and how at least from my vantage point,

1:00:59.520 --> 1:01:02.640
<v Speaker 2>how pleasant it can be. Like even you know, I

1:01:03.440 --> 1:01:08.480
<v Speaker 2>rode public transportation trains here in Atlanta for a long time,

1:01:09.040 --> 1:01:13.280
<v Speaker 2>and you know, sometimes it's weird, sometimes it's startling, you know,

1:01:14.000 --> 1:01:17.400
<v Speaker 2>but even in those cases, often found it kind of peaceful,

1:01:17.800 --> 1:01:20.160
<v Speaker 2>you know, you used to. Nowadays, I guess you can

1:01:20.280 --> 1:01:23.160
<v Speaker 2>probably get some sort of a wireless connection just about

1:01:23.200 --> 1:01:27.920
<v Speaker 2>anywhere on most major train train rides. But there was

1:01:27.960 --> 1:01:30.200
<v Speaker 2>a while where when you were underground on the train,

1:01:30.320 --> 1:01:32.320
<v Speaker 2>you were, or at least I was completely cut off

1:01:32.320 --> 1:01:33.960
<v Speaker 2>and there was nothing I could do on my phone.

1:01:34.640 --> 1:01:36.840
<v Speaker 2>You know, I would just have to to read. I

1:01:36.920 --> 1:01:39.040
<v Speaker 2>got to read, uh, you know, I got to be

1:01:39.080 --> 1:01:41.000
<v Speaker 2>sort of cut off from everything in a good way.

1:01:42.280 --> 1:01:44.600
<v Speaker 2>And in that could happen no matter what the other

1:01:44.640 --> 1:01:47.360
<v Speaker 2>conditions were. If there was like somebody loud on the train,

1:01:47.480 --> 1:01:49.919
<v Speaker 2>if the train was hot, if the train was maybe

1:01:50.000 --> 1:01:52.960
<v Speaker 2>empty and spooky, you know, all that could could could

1:01:53.040 --> 1:01:57.000
<v Speaker 2>play play into it. But it's it's fascinating to look

1:01:57.040 --> 1:01:59.320
<v Speaker 2>back on this time period where again there is something

1:01:59.360 --> 1:02:01.960
<v Speaker 2>there's maybe a little bit of Victorian future shot going on.

1:02:02.440 --> 1:02:06.400
<v Speaker 2>There is also, undeniably so many other things coming into play.

1:02:06.440 --> 1:02:10.480
<v Speaker 2>We discussed, you know, awareness of sort of a growing

1:02:10.560 --> 1:02:13.680
<v Speaker 2>but unbalanced awareness of mental health. I can't help but

1:02:13.720 --> 1:02:16.160
<v Speaker 2>think about how syphilis might have played into all this

1:02:16.280 --> 1:02:19.560
<v Speaker 2>as well, you know, awareness of how that can affect

1:02:19.640 --> 1:02:24.880
<v Speaker 2>one's mental state. Yeah, there is a fascinating topic, and

1:02:24.920 --> 1:02:26.920
<v Speaker 2>then of course we see how it plays out, how

1:02:26.920 --> 1:02:31.480
<v Speaker 2>it influences all of these various fictions and remains a

1:02:31.480 --> 1:02:34.600
<v Speaker 2>part of say, railway fiction in general.

1:02:35.000 --> 1:02:37.280
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, exactly. So there's a lot more to talk about,

1:02:37.360 --> 1:02:39.320
<v Speaker 3>and that's why we are not done with this topic.

1:02:39.400 --> 1:02:41.240
<v Speaker 3>This was part one. We will be back with part

1:02:41.280 --> 1:02:45.000
<v Speaker 3>two of our discussion of the locomotive Horror and Trains

1:02:45.040 --> 1:02:47.439
<v Speaker 3>of Terror on Thursday of this week.

1:02:47.520 --> 1:02:50.840
<v Speaker 2>Right, that's right, that's right. In the meantime, also recommend

1:02:51.240 --> 1:02:53.720
<v Speaker 2>do yourself a favor. Do a Google image search for

1:02:53.840 --> 1:02:58.800
<v Speaker 2>some punch cartoons and throw train in there. You'll see

1:02:58.920 --> 1:03:03.800
<v Speaker 2>various examples of alleged Victorian train madness. I really wanted

1:03:03.840 --> 1:03:06.800
<v Speaker 2>to see the one with the lady thinking she's looking

1:03:06.920 --> 1:03:10.000
<v Speaker 2>at her own reflection but it's actually somebody's face. Oh,

1:03:10.320 --> 1:03:11.040
<v Speaker 2>I couldn't find out.

1:03:11.480 --> 1:03:14.480
<v Speaker 3>I think this was a cartoon actually arguing against one

1:03:14.520 --> 1:03:17.400
<v Speaker 3>of the safety innovations that was proposed on trains. So

1:03:17.440 --> 1:03:20.000
<v Speaker 3>the idea was that you would put these windows in

1:03:20.040 --> 1:03:22.760
<v Speaker 3>the compartments so that it would be easier to communicate

1:03:22.840 --> 1:03:24.960
<v Speaker 3>back and forth or see what's going on. But then

1:03:25.000 --> 1:03:27.160
<v Speaker 3>the idea is, oh, a lady's like, you know, dressing

1:03:27.200 --> 1:03:29.080
<v Speaker 3>in front of the mirror and on the other side

1:03:29.120 --> 1:03:31.320
<v Speaker 3>there's some kind of creep looking at her.

1:03:33.000 --> 1:03:35.040
<v Speaker 2>All right, well, we'll be back on Thursday. Then we'll

1:03:35.040 --> 1:03:36.800
<v Speaker 2>get into ghost trains a bit in that one, and

1:03:36.840 --> 1:03:38.600
<v Speaker 2>so it should be a good time. But in the

1:03:38.640 --> 1:03:40.800
<v Speaker 2>meantime we'll remind you that's stuff to blow your mind.

1:03:40.840 --> 1:03:43.480
<v Speaker 2>It is primarily a science and culture podcast, with core

1:03:43.520 --> 1:03:47.040
<v Speaker 2>episodes on Tuesdays and Thursdays, where, of course very much

1:03:47.040 --> 1:03:50.360
<v Speaker 2>in the Halloween spirit of things this month, so most

1:03:50.360 --> 1:03:52.680
<v Speaker 2>of our topics are going to be a little bit

1:03:52.720 --> 1:03:55.800
<v Speaker 2>creepy as intended, and then on Fridays we set aside

1:03:55.840 --> 1:03:57.800
<v Speaker 2>most serious concerns to just talk about a weird film

1:03:57.800 --> 1:04:00.240
<v Speaker 2>on Weird House Cinema, and this week it is going

1:04:00.280 --> 1:04:03.760
<v Speaker 2>to be train oriented, so we're excited for the tie

1:04:03.760 --> 1:04:04.160
<v Speaker 2>in here.

1:04:04.480 --> 1:04:07.880
<v Speaker 3>We're gonna have trains. Christopher Lee, Peter Cushing, Telly Savalas

1:04:07.960 --> 1:04:09.280
<v Speaker 3>ooh boy, it's going to be a good time.

1:04:09.600 --> 1:04:10.000
<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

1:04:10.320 --> 1:04:14.160
<v Speaker 3>Huge, Thanks as always to our excellent audio producer JJ Posway.

1:04:14.440 --> 1:04:16.000
<v Speaker 3>If you would like to get in touch with us

1:04:16.040 --> 1:04:18.440
<v Speaker 3>with feedback on this episode or any other, to suggest

1:04:18.600 --> 1:04:20.640
<v Speaker 3>topic for the future, or just to say hello, you

1:04:20.680 --> 1:04:23.360
<v Speaker 3>can email us at contact at stuff to Blow your

1:04:23.400 --> 1:04:31.600
<v Speaker 3>Mind dot com.

1:04:32.160 --> 1:04:35.080
<v Speaker 1>Stuff to Blow Your Mind is production of iHeartRadio. For

1:04:35.160 --> 1:04:37.960
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1:04:38.120 --> 1:04:54.880
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