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Speaker 1: Bloomberg Audio Studios, podcasts, radio news. This is the Bloomberg

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Speaker 1: Daybreak Europe podcast. Good morning, It's Tuesday, the seventh of April.

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Speaker 1: I'm Stephen Carolyn London. Coming up today. US President Donald

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Speaker 1: Trump gives a rand less than twenty four hours to

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Speaker 1: open the Strait of Horror moos or face the obliteration

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Speaker 1: of its infrastructure. As energy prices spiral, Germany joins Italy,

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Speaker 1: Spain and others in calling for an EU wide tax

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Speaker 1: on windfall profits plus to infinity, beyond and back again.

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Speaker 1: The Artemis astronauts head back to Earth after their record

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Speaker 1: breaking trip around the Moon. Let's start with a roundup

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Speaker 1: of our top stories. They're now just hours to go

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Speaker 1: until US President Trump's deadline for Iran to open the

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Speaker 1: Strait of Horror moves or face further attacks on civilian infrastructure.

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Speaker 1: Trump hasitioned an ultimatum for Tehran to agree to his

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Speaker 1: demands by eight pm Washington time tonight one am tomorrow

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Speaker 1: in London or risk escalation. Speaking from the White House,

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Speaker 1: the President further ramped up his rhetoric, saying it would

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Speaker 1: take just hours to fully deliver on his threat.

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Speaker 2: Every bridge in Iran will be decimated by twelve o'clock tomorrow,

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Speaker 2: and I where every power plant in Iran will be

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Speaker 2: out of business, arning exploding, and never to be used again.

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Speaker 2: I mean complete demolition by twelve o'clock and it'll happen

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Speaker 2: over a period of four hours if we wanted to.

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Speaker 1: While the US President has frequently shifted deadlines and threatened

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Speaker 1: actions in the past, he says it is highly unlikely

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Speaker 1: this deadline will be extended again. Attacking civilian infrastructure is

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Speaker 1: barred by the Geneva Conventions, but Trump said he was

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Speaker 1: not at all concerned about committing war crimes. The US

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Speaker 1: president's self imposed deadline marks the latest pivotal moment in

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Speaker 1: the war, now in its second month. Earlier yesterday, Around

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Speaker 1: refused to agree to cease fire terms relate via Pakistan,

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Speaker 1: which has been mediating efforts to end the conflict. Smel

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Speaker 1: Bagai is spokesman for the Uranian Forum Innistry. His words

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Speaker 1: are spoken by a translator.

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Speaker 3: Negotiations are entirely incompatible with ultimatums crimes and threats of

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Speaker 3: war crimes.

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Speaker 1: This Melburgh guy speaking there as leaders in Tehran are

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Speaker 1: said to have called for a permanent end to the war.

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Speaker 1: They say they will only allow shipping to resume through

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Speaker 1: the Strait of Hormuz once they receive compensation for the

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Speaker 1: damage caused by the conflict. More than five thousand people

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Speaker 1: have been killed in the war, almost three quarters of

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Speaker 1: them in Iran, according to government organizations and US based

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Speaker 1: human rights activists News Agency. More than one four hundred

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Speaker 1: people have been killed in Lebanon, while dozens of others

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Speaker 1: have died across Gulfarab states and in Israel. Five European

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Speaker 1: Union countries are pushing for an EU wide effort to

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Speaker 1: tax windfall energy profits. The joint call comes as firms

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Speaker 1: reap gains as a result of the US Israeli war

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Speaker 1: under Iran. Bloomberg's tiwa at a Baio has the story.

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Speaker 4: The finance ministers of Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal have

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Speaker 4: written to the e USE Climate Commissioner over the weekend

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Speaker 4: calling for energy firm windfall taxes amidst the Middle East conflict.

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Speaker 4: In a letter seen by Bloomberg, they said the levees

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Speaker 4: would send a clear message that those who profit from

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Speaker 4: the consequences of war should ease its burden, without specifying details,

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Speaker 4: and ministers also referenced a similar measure introduced in twenty

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Speaker 4: twenty two after gas price is swored following Russia's full

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Speaker 4: scale invasion of Ukraine. The EU's Energy commissioner said last

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Speaker 4: week that the Bloc would consider reintroducing the measures used

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Speaker 4: in twenty twenty two, while noting that the current situation

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Speaker 4: has created a broader range of problems. In London, Tea

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Speaker 4: at a Bay Bloomberg Radio.

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Speaker 1: Britain is hosting an international meeting without the US to

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Speaker 1: discuss long term measures to keep the Strait of Hormones open.

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Speaker 1: Military planners from forty countries are looking to build a

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Speaker 1: naval coalition that would protect the strait after the war

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Speaker 1: in the Middle East ends. Last Friday, Francis President Emanuel

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Speaker 1: Macron was asked by reporters why Europe hadn't joined America's

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Speaker 1: efforts to reopen the Strait by military means.

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Speaker 5: This has never been an option that we've chosen, and

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Speaker 5: we think it's unrealistic. Unrealistic because it would take an

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Speaker 5: infinite amount of time, it would expose everyone going through

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Speaker 5: the Strait. We must be able to reopen the Straight

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Speaker 5: because it's strategic for energy, fertilizers and international trade, but

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Speaker 5: it can only be done in consultation with Irans, so

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Speaker 5: first we need a ceasefire. It followed by restarting negotiations.

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Speaker 1: Emmanuel Macron speaking via a translator. The international talks come

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Speaker 1: as countries around the world are starting to feel the

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Speaker 1: economic consequences of the conflict, with fuel prices mounting. Open Ai,

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Speaker 1: Anthropic and Alphabet's Google are working together to combat their

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Speaker 1: AI models being copied by Chinese competitors. Bimberg understands the

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Speaker 1: rival firms are sharing information through industry nonprofits the Frontier

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Speaker 1: Model Forum to detect so called adversarial distillation attempts that

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Speaker 1: violate their terms of service. The American AI Company are

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Speaker 1: concerned that unauthorized imitations, especially from China, could siphon away

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Speaker 1: customers while posing a national security risk. And NASA's Artemis

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Speaker 1: two crew have now traveled further than any other humans

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Speaker 1: into space. The four astronauts completed their six hour journey

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Speaker 1: behind the far side of the Moon are now heading home.

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Speaker 1: Astronaut Christina Coke gave this message back to Earth.

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Speaker 6: You sim we have you the same, and it is

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Speaker 6: so great to hear from Earth again.

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Speaker 7: To Asia, Africa and Oceania. We are looking back at you.

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Speaker 4: We hear you can look up and see the Moon

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Speaker 4: right now, We see you too.

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Speaker 1: Coker is the first woman ever to travel to the Moon.

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Speaker 1: The record breaking trip is designed as a test as

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Speaker 1: NASA prepares a return to the Moon's surface in the

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Speaker 1: coming years. And those are your top stories this morning.

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Speaker 1: Looking at the markets, we are seeing oil prices rising

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Speaker 1: again today, up one point three percent for Brent crude,

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Speaker 1: over one hundred and eleven dollars at barrel WTI. The

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Speaker 1: price for May this is up by two and a

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Speaker 1: half percent two hundred and fifteen dollars a barrow. European

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Speaker 1: stock futures a little higher today, up a tenth of

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Speaker 1: one percent for euro stocks fifty is slightly quieter day

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Speaker 1: in eight of with the Hong Kong markets closed. The

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Speaker 1: Mscish Pacific Intex up by half of one percent. Well

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Speaker 1: in the moment will bring you the latest on Iran

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Speaker 1: with President Trump's deadline looming, plus more on the Artemis

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Speaker 1: space mission. But another story that we've been reading this

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Speaker 1: morning on some more detail emerging of the rescue of

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Speaker 1: those US Air Force personnel whose plane went down over Iran.

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Speaker 1: Tony Capacio has been writing about the technology that they

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Speaker 1: were able to use to signal their locations. It's a

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Speaker 1: device made by Boeing called a Combat Survivor, a vader

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Speaker 1: locator or CSEL, and the Air Force and Navy have

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Speaker 1: bought thousands of these since it became operational in two

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Speaker 1: thousand and nine. President Trump described it as a beeper

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Speaker 1: like device. This stranded personnel with this device can use

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Speaker 1: it to send a data message via satellite to a

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Speaker 1: central rescue center and that then forwards the message to

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Speaker 1: force a suit and communicate with the survivor by voice

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Speaker 1: to help them with their recovery. So it was the

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Speaker 1: Pentagon's Joint Personnel Recovery Center that coordinated the effort this

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Speaker 1: time around, but this handset was crucial to locating the

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Speaker 1: two man crew after their fifteen E warplane was hit.

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Speaker 1: The two men with the call signs Dude forty four

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Speaker 1: Alpha and Dude forty four Bravo, rescued in operations on

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Speaker 1: Friday and on Saturday over this weekend. Well, let's bring

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Speaker 1: you up to date now with the latest developments as

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Speaker 1: we're counting down to President Trump's deadline for a deal

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Speaker 1: with Iran set for one am tomorrow London time. Eight am.

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Speaker 1: This evening in Washington, the US President says talks with

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Speaker 1: Tehran are going well. Let's get the latest from our

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Speaker 1: midleast breaking news editor Patrick Sykes. Patrick, good morning. What

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Speaker 1: do we know then about the state of these talks,

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Speaker 1: both from the US and also what we've heard from Iran.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, indeed, it's an ap porn distinction because we basically

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Speaker 3: know that messages are being passed back and forth between

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Speaker 3: these intermediaries like Pokistan, But there are two very different

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Speaker 3: narratives about how they're going. Trump, as you mentioned, is

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Speaker 3: constantly putting a very positive spin on them, saying that

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Speaker 3: going well, there's been progress, etc.

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Speaker 7: From the Iranian side.

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Speaker 3: We hear a much more hardline view that you know,

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Speaker 3: these these aren't enough and that nothing short of a

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Speaker 3: full cessation of hostilities, sanctions relief would be enough to

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Speaker 3: end the war. And indeed, the latest we've heard on

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Speaker 3: Iran's position is that it includes ten clauses or demands

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Speaker 3: that they're asking for, and that itself is important because

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Speaker 3: I think just a week or so ago we were

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Speaker 3: talking about five.

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Speaker 7: So Iran seems to think.

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Speaker 3: That it cannot only dictate terms, but it can dictate

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Speaker 3: more of the terms, and I think that's telling that,

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Speaker 3: you know, the rhetoric.

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Speaker 7: Within Iran is hardening.

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Speaker 3: Just last week, the former foreign minister Jabward Tarifu negotiated

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Speaker 3: the nuclear deal a few years ago. He was calling

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Speaker 3: for Iran to convert this current leverage into a deal

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Speaker 3: that that would bring sanctions relief, for example, and immediately

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Speaker 3: got a very harsh backlash from more hardline elements of

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Speaker 3: the regime, elements which, of course, since the start of

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Speaker 3: the war, with the killing of so many key officials,

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Speaker 3: have been in the ascendant and have taken over ever

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Speaker 3: more senior answer the system.

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Speaker 1: With that very important context, the question of the straight

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Speaker 1: before moves. Donald Trump wants it to be a free

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Speaker 1: passage through the strait, to be a part of any deal.

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Speaker 1: Is it likely that Aron would agree to that.

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Speaker 3: I think not unless it gets something big in return.

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Speaker 7: Right then, and among all.

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Speaker 3: Those demands, sometimes five, sometimes ten, the common denominators that

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Speaker 3: we do here from Iran are one and then to

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Speaker 3: all conflicts in the region, by which we assume it means,

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Speaker 3: you know, Israeli attacks against its regional allies in places

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Speaker 3: like Gaza Lebanon, for example, and two, sanctions relief Obviously

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Speaker 3: that's been the subject of consecutive rounds of negotiations over

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Speaker 3: the years. But Iran has realized in the course of

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Speaker 3: this conflict that the control or its ability to exert

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Speaker 3: control over the Strait of almost with relatively limited means,

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Speaker 3: right it can be just a threat of an attack

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Speaker 3: or a single successful attack on a ship can change

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Speaker 3: the perception around it. With that realization, I think Iran

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Speaker 3: will be very loath to give that up unless it's

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Speaker 3: getting something very concrete, very big, that it can claim

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Speaker 3: as a victory in return.

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Speaker 1: What about the alternative if this deadline isn't mess Trump

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Speaker 1: threatening to target bridges and power plans, if there isn't

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Speaker 1: a deal, how much of an escalation would that be?

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Speaker 1: What capacity would Iran have to respond to that?

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Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean the targeting civilian infrastructure like that would

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Speaker 3: constitute a war crime. So you know, in the bigger picture,

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Speaker 3: outside the bounds of.

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Speaker 7: The war itself, it would also be I.

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Speaker 3: Think a factor in any legacy that Trump was to

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Speaker 3: have from this war and beyond this presidency. Within the war,

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Speaker 3: I think power power plants in particular would have the

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Speaker 3: potential to really squeeze the civilian population of Iran. You know,

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Speaker 3: many have been kind of hunkered down at home or

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Speaker 3: they've moved to quieter, less urban parts of the country,

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Speaker 3: and that is giving some giving them some protection. But

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Speaker 3: obviously if the powers out that will change. I think

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Speaker 3: that would apply a new degree of pressure on the population.

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Speaker 3: In terms of response, I think we can expect something

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Speaker 3: akin to when Israel targeted the Iranian gas field and

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Speaker 3: associated facilities. That saw Iran respond very quickly with attacks

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Speaker 3: on one of the most important LNG liquified natural gas

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Speaker 3: facilities in the region over the Gulf in Katar, and

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Speaker 3: that escalation seemed to scare many. We saw energy prices

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Speaker 3: spike in response to that in particular, and we saw

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Speaker 3: both sides to kind of pull back from the brink

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Speaker 3: at that point. But I think if we get into

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Speaker 3: targeting of civilian infrastructure like bridges and power plants, Iran

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Speaker 3: would look to escalate in that way again and again.

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Speaker 3: I think we can expect energy prices to obviously to

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Speaker 3: rise in response.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, indeed, and that'll be something we'll be watching for

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Speaker 1: closely as that deadline approaches. Patrick, thank you very much

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Speaker 1: for bringing us up to date this morning. Our Middle

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Speaker 1: East Breaking News editor Patrick Sykes stay with us more

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Speaker 1: from Bloomberg Daybreak Europe coming up after this and therefore,

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Speaker 1: NASA astronauts on board the Artemis spacecrafter on their way

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Speaker 1: home after breaking a record for traveling the furthest distance

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Speaker 1: from Earth. Our reporter Danny Lee has been following the story.

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Speaker 1: He joins us now for more. Danny, there was an

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Speaker 1: expected communications blackout from Artemis two as it traveled around

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Speaker 1: the Moon. The astronauts have been back in touch and

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Speaker 1: they've confirmed they're on their way back.

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Speaker 8: Yeah, the communications blackout around forty minutes or so. It

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Speaker 8: felt like a very long time, but the expected hiatus

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Speaker 8: in these comms they were expected and re established by

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Speaker 8: the four astronauts of Artemists two. And yeah, as you said,

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Speaker 8: they started their return to Earth overnight. Along the way,

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Speaker 8: the crews did manage to get within around four thousand

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Speaker 8: and sixty seven miles from the Moon, so it's a

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Speaker 8: viewing point from the spacecraft was something like a base

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Speaker 8: basketball in an outstretched hands, so it would be in

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Speaker 8: a pretty compelling view at that point at least. So

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Speaker 8: for now, Artemis two, around halfway through its ten day mission,

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Speaker 8: has been breaking records along the way.

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Speaker 1: And of course the missions still under way, this will

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Speaker 1: have to make it back home. But how significant are

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Speaker 1: the milestones that the artemists two crew have achieved along

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Speaker 1: the way.

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Speaker 8: Yeah, I mean for something like this, as you said,

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Speaker 8: you know, this is the maximum distance from Earth that

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Speaker 8: these crews have got in over fifty years, something like

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Speaker 8: two hundred and fifty thousand miles. And for that kind

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Speaker 8: of journey, it is critical because at the end of

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Speaker 8: the end of the day, this is a critical test

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Speaker 8: flight addressed rehearsal for NASA to prove its systems can

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Speaker 8: launch humans into deep space and to bring them home.

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Speaker 8: And for NASA it does have a goal of bringing

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Speaker 8: Americans back onto the Moon's surface as soon as twenty

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Speaker 8: twenty eight, and there is a time pressure because overall

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Speaker 8: the stakes being high for the companies involved, including Boeing

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Speaker 8: and Lockheed Martin, for the relatively new NASA administrator extra

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Speaker 8: astronaut Jared Isaacman pushing through these accelerated timelines. It's all

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Speaker 8: because that the US wants to get back onto the

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Speaker 8: Moon's surface by twenty twenty eight and do so before

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Speaker 8: China does when it sends its own astronauts onto the Moon.

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Speaker 8: By the end of a decade, and.

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Speaker 1: Of course those are a pretty ambitious set of targets

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Speaker 1: that NASA has for itself as well, as there's going

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Speaker 1: to be a big boost to those efforts then that

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Speaker 1: they've managed to tick off I suppose the goals for

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Speaker 1: the Artemis two mission.

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Speaker 8: Whilst Artemists two still has halfway to go, but by

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Speaker 8: the end of this and hopefully successful return, there is

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Speaker 8: Artemis three, which will be another test flight to see

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Speaker 8: how the spacecraft of the Orion does doc and also

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Speaker 8: what other commercial spacecraft do up in space, in order

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Speaker 8: to ensure that these vehicles ultimately can then reach the Moon.

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Speaker 8: For now, though there is a debate of whether this

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Speaker 8: twenty twenty eight timeline is too tight. You've got the

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Speaker 8: likes of former astronaut and US Democratic Senator Mark Kelly

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Speaker 8: who believes that's not the case, whilst you've got a

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Speaker 8: Republican Senator Ted Cruz who thinks that this overall is

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Speaker 8: an imperative, a strategic comparative to have a foothold in

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Speaker 8: space before China does so. There is a lot of

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Speaker 8: geopolitics and I guess another space race as it were,

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Speaker 8: But Fanessa, this is a project that is over budget,

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Speaker 8: behind schedule, and there has already spent something like ninety

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Speaker 8: three billion US dollars, so a lot has gone into

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Speaker 8: this effort of Artemis. Another thirty billion could be spent

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Speaker 8: over next decade if Jaredisagmann has his way. But for now,

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Speaker 8: this twenty twenty eight timeline is ever nearer and steps

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Speaker 8: have been taken to achieve the goal to get back

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Speaker 8: to the moon, but this will be a complex undertating

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Speaker 8: undertaking in deep space exploration.

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Speaker 1: This is Bloomberg Daybreak Europe, your morning brief on the

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