WEBVTT - Was Sir Francis Drake Just In It For Revenge? 0:00:02.240 --> 0:00:05.880 Welcome to Criminalia, a production of Shonda Land Audio in 0:00:05.960 --> 0:00:15.840 partnership with I Heart Radio. Welcome to Criminalia, where it's 0:00:15.880 --> 0:00:19.720 pirate season. We're continuing to explore the lives and motivations 0:00:19.760 --> 0:00:24.720 of some of the most notorious freebooters throughout history. And 0:00:24.840 --> 0:00:27.480 I'm Holly fry Hey. Here's the thing that's going to 0:00:27.560 --> 0:00:31.319 sound awfully familiar by this point. The sixteenth century was 0:00:31.440 --> 0:00:35.040 not a time when records were well kept, especially records 0:00:35.440 --> 0:00:38.519 about children, and that is true for this pirate. By 0:00:38.560 --> 0:00:41.600 the way, in cases where records were well kept, talking 0:00:41.680 --> 0:00:44.720 hundreds of years ago, they often don't exist anymore. But 0:00:45.400 --> 0:00:48.519 based on records late in this person's life, it is 0:00:48.680 --> 0:00:52.279 estimated that Francis Drake was born between fifteen forty and 0:00:52.440 --> 0:00:56.360 fifteen forty three in England. We do know that Drake 0:00:56.440 --> 0:00:59.320 was the eldest of as many as five and possibly 0:00:59.320 --> 0:01:02.640 as many as well siblings, and we know that he 0:01:02.680 --> 0:01:05.800 was born to Marry Millway and Edmund Drake, who was 0:01:05.840 --> 0:01:09.080 a tenant farmer on the estate of Lord Francis Russell, 0:01:09.200 --> 0:01:13.600 the second Earl of Bedford. Drake was raised by relatives, 0:01:14.000 --> 0:01:17.760 the Hawkins family in Plymouth, England. They worked as merchants, 0:01:17.920 --> 0:01:22.160 and they also worked as privateers, and they were Drake's 0:01:22.160 --> 0:01:26.160 first taste of piracy. Their vessels tild trade routes along 0:01:26.160 --> 0:01:29.240 the French coast, seizing merchant ships. Drake went to the 0:01:29.280 --> 0:01:33.440 sea with his family around the time he turned about eighteen. 0:01:33.560 --> 0:01:37.720 Ish Elizabethan historian John Stowe wrote of Drake that he 0:01:37.840 --> 0:01:42.280 was quote of low stature, of strong limb, round headed, 0:01:42.520 --> 0:01:46.880 brown hair, full bearded, his eyes round, large and clear, 0:01:47.520 --> 0:01:51.800 well favored face, and of a cheerful countenance. In his 0:01:51.840 --> 0:01:55.360 adult life, Francis Drake was a politician, a naval officer, 0:01:55.800 --> 0:01:59.800 a sea captain, an English explorer, and the second person 0:01:59.840 --> 0:02:05.840 to circumnavigate the globe, another now familiar horror that comes 0:02:05.880 --> 0:02:09.040 up this season. He was also one of the first 0:02:09.200 --> 0:02:13.040 illegal traders of enslaved people from West Africa, and he 0:02:13.160 --> 0:02:17.520 engaged in it for years. In the early fifteen sixties 0:02:17.560 --> 0:02:20.720 along with his cousin John Hawkins, the two kidnapped and 0:02:20.800 --> 0:02:24.160 brought these enslaved Africans to Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, 0:02:24.639 --> 0:02:28.200 where they would sell them to local plantation owners. By 0:02:28.240 --> 0:02:31.919 fifteen sixty eight, Drake was commanding his own illegal slave 0:02:31.960 --> 0:02:36.080 trading ship because their activities were illegal under Spanish law. 0:02:36.520 --> 0:02:39.320 The Spanish government sent a fleet of ships to intervene. 0:02:39.960 --> 0:02:43.799 During this attack, much of Drake's crew was captured and killed. Drake, 0:02:43.919 --> 0:02:48.560 who remained unharmed, escaped. The incident, as we'll see, left 0:02:48.639 --> 0:02:51.040 him with a good deal of contempt for King Philip 0:02:51.080 --> 0:02:54.680 the Second, the King of Spain, Drake considered to be 0:02:54.760 --> 0:02:58.880 a lifelong enemy. A few years later, in fifteen seventy 0:02:59.040 --> 0:03:03.120 and fifteen seventy one, Drake made two profitable voyages to 0:03:03.120 --> 0:03:08.399 the West Indies. Immediately after in fo he commanded two 0:03:08.480 --> 0:03:12.080 vessels on an expedition to plunder Spanish ports in the Caribbean. 0:03:12.560 --> 0:03:16.639 He returned to England with a great deal of Spanish treasure. 0:03:17.200 --> 0:03:22.200 So Drake was a pirate in disguise as a privateer, right, So, 0:03:22.440 --> 0:03:25.120 there are actually a few terms that we all use 0:03:25.200 --> 0:03:30.200 when we talk about pirates. Pirates. Of course, buccaneers, corsairs 0:03:30.320 --> 0:03:33.200 and privateers are also in that mix, and they're used 0:03:33.240 --> 0:03:39.040 pretty interchangeably, but they shouldn't be. Pirates is by far 0:03:39.160 --> 0:03:42.200 the most general way to talk about those who engage 0:03:42.200 --> 0:03:46.720 in illegal activities such as robbing, kidnapping and murdering, and 0:03:46.760 --> 0:03:49.800 pretty much everything else tyrannical you can think of happening 0:03:49.840 --> 0:03:52.760 on the seas. It's kind of the umbrella term. Yes, yes, 0:03:52.840 --> 0:03:57.400 it is the buccaneers and the corsairs. So buccaneer is 0:03:57.440 --> 0:04:00.480 another name for pirate, but it's the name for pirates 0:04:00.480 --> 0:04:03.560 who specifically operated from ports in the West Indies and 0:04:04.000 --> 0:04:08.520 specifically the Caribbean and the Pacific coast of Central America 0:04:08.720 --> 0:04:12.600 in the six hundreds. Course, hairs weren't much different, but 0:04:12.800 --> 0:04:15.920 they committed acts of piracy in the Mediterranean during the 0:04:15.960 --> 0:04:19.440 Ottoman Empire. But if you happened to have a license 0:04:19.520 --> 0:04:23.240 from a government that sanctioned that sort of behavior, then 0:04:23.320 --> 0:04:26.919 you have become a privateer. You're a pirate with papers. 0:04:27.400 --> 0:04:29.440 You've heard us refer to them before as a letter 0:04:29.480 --> 0:04:33.120 of mark, and that made your actions legit. And Francis 0:04:33.160 --> 0:04:38.880 Drake was a pirate with papers. Privateers. Privateers were individuals 0:04:38.880 --> 0:04:42.839 who supplied and manned their own private vessels and who 0:04:42.839 --> 0:04:47.240 were commissioned by a government to carry out various things, actually, 0:04:47.279 --> 0:04:53.360 but primarily two things. Privateers stole cargo and everything really 0:04:53.400 --> 0:04:56.679 that they could find from trading vessels and settlements along 0:04:56.720 --> 0:05:00.880 popular trade routes, all in the name of said government. 0:05:01.320 --> 0:05:06.640 But privateers were also commissioned as warships, and that meant 0:05:06.720 --> 0:05:10.839 capturing other vessels, stealing, fighting in wars, and fighting for 0:05:10.880 --> 0:05:14.359 their prizes. A privateers loot was known as a prize. 0:05:14.880 --> 0:05:18.800 Hiring privateers came with risk, but commissioning them also meant 0:05:18.839 --> 0:05:23.560 that governments could supplement their own navies with additional private militia, 0:05:23.760 --> 0:05:26.480 so to bring the act of privateering close to home 0:05:26.720 --> 0:05:30.480 for people living anywhere near me or Maria. The United 0:05:30.520 --> 0:05:34.440 States commissioned privateers to boost its military powers recently is 0:05:34.480 --> 0:05:37.960 the War of eighteen twelve. Not only did it boost 0:05:38.000 --> 0:05:42.000 the country's naval protection, it also was a pretty lucrative endeavor. 0:05:42.400 --> 0:05:46.440 That's because the US government taxed privateering prizes as much 0:05:46.520 --> 0:05:52.440 as that is so high, that's so amazing. That's a racket, right, 0:05:53.080 --> 0:05:55.240 even if you don't need them for the naval benefit, 0:05:55.400 --> 0:05:59.120 you just want to tax their moot. So it's actually 0:05:59.200 --> 0:06:04.120 really slippery slope here. Commissioning pirates didn't always work in 0:06:04.160 --> 0:06:08.400 the government's favor. Yes, they were working under commission but 0:06:08.680 --> 0:06:13.280 that didn't mean some privateers didn't make a few extracurricular 0:06:13.400 --> 0:06:17.200 stops along the way to say, raid and loot vessels 0:06:17.240 --> 0:06:21.279 along coastlines that weren't at all associated with the rival 0:06:21.360 --> 0:06:24.560 government that they were supposed to be fighting. In other words, 0:06:25.279 --> 0:06:28.240 they were engaging in piracy. This is the handy thing 0:06:28.240 --> 0:06:30.640 of not being connected to everyone all the time. You 0:06:30.640 --> 0:06:33.160 can't gonna go do your own fake as long as 0:06:33.200 --> 0:06:36.400 you land back and forward or or less having achieved 0:06:36.400 --> 0:06:41.159 your goals. Sometimes, and fairly often, it seems a commission 0:06:41.240 --> 0:06:45.920 was kept quiet and maybe even never formalized. Although there 0:06:46.080 --> 0:06:48.440 was sometimes no letter of mark, there would be an 0:06:48.440 --> 0:06:52.039 agreement of some sort between government and pirate, and that's 0:06:52.040 --> 0:06:55.279 another example of how the line between pirate and privateer 0:06:55.560 --> 0:06:59.800 is a bit smudged. So it was because of Drake's 0:07:00.040 --> 0:07:03.640 successful and lucrative expeditions to the West Indies that he 0:07:03.760 --> 0:07:06.640 caught the attention of the Queen of England, who in 0:07:06.760 --> 0:07:11.240 fifty two commissioned him to plunder Spanish ports in the Caribbean. 0:07:11.960 --> 0:07:16.120 Starting to sound familiar, and he did, and he returned 0:07:16.160 --> 0:07:19.760 with tons of Peruvian gold and silver. After the raid, 0:07:19.880 --> 0:07:23.000 Drake and his crew continued raiding the Portuguese coastline and 0:07:23.040 --> 0:07:26.920 capturing treasure ships, and he was now also gaining quite 0:07:26.920 --> 0:07:32.000 a reputation as a successful privateer. But then Drake disappears 0:07:32.120 --> 0:07:34.560 for a few years, with no real record of him 0:07:34.840 --> 0:07:38.520 on the seas between fifteen seventy three and fifteen seventy seven. 0:07:39.560 --> 0:07:42.440 This coincides with the years that Queen Elizabeth and King 0:07:42.480 --> 0:07:45.560 Philip the Second of Spain had agreed on a temporary 0:07:45.640 --> 0:07:48.720 truce that meant that the Queen could no longer support 0:07:48.840 --> 0:07:52.760 Drake in the revenge business. During that time, other than 0:07:52.840 --> 0:07:56.200 some reports of his sailing and pillaging and one account 0:07:56.240 --> 0:07:59.160 that he may have taken part in the Rathlin Island 0:07:59.200 --> 0:08:02.520 massacre and Gerland, he just kind of disappears for a 0:08:02.520 --> 0:08:05.040 little bit. We're going to take a break for a 0:08:05.040 --> 0:08:08.760 word from our sponsor. When we return, we'll talk about 0:08:08.840 --> 0:08:20.400 Drake's famous expedition to circumnavigate the globe. Welcome back to Criminalia. 0:08:21.360 --> 0:08:27.600 Let's talk more about how much Francis Drake disliked the Spaniards. Ah, Yes, Sir, 0:08:27.680 --> 0:08:32.160 Drake to England was an adventurer and he was a 0:08:32.160 --> 0:08:35.800 war hero. He was celebrated by many. Not all of 0:08:35.840 --> 0:08:40.040 his peers felt that way, though many found him unreliable 0:08:40.040 --> 0:08:43.960 and self seeking. Plus, he was a politician who had 0:08:44.200 --> 0:08:49.880 pirate manners. For example, naval commander Sir Richard Grenville and 0:08:49.920 --> 0:08:54.360 the navigator and explorer Sir Martin Frobisher both outwardly and 0:08:54.640 --> 0:08:59.320 immensely disliked him. Drake, for his part, didn't really seem 0:08:59.400 --> 0:09:02.120 to care about that he was the first Englishman to 0:09:02.160 --> 0:09:05.280 circumnavigate the globe, but actually, as we mentioned at the 0:09:05.280 --> 0:09:07.760 top of the show, the second person to make that 0:09:07.840 --> 0:09:11.720 journey and return home alive. The first recorded explorer to 0:09:11.760 --> 0:09:15.400 do so was Ferdinand Magellan, whose expedition sailed from Spain 0:09:15.440 --> 0:09:19.079 in fifteen nineteen and returned in fifteen twenty two. So 0:09:19.240 --> 0:09:22.520 Magellan was commissioned as well. He was commissioned by Spain 0:09:22.640 --> 0:09:26.000 to take an exploratory journey to find the East Indies, 0:09:26.080 --> 0:09:29.600 which at the time was also nicknamed the Spice Islands. 0:09:29.720 --> 0:09:33.240 Today this reference is the area that covers a wide 0:09:33.360 --> 0:09:38.480 region in South and Southeast Asia. Drake's commission was not 0:09:38.640 --> 0:09:42.040 quite the same as Magellan's. He sailed as captain of 0:09:42.040 --> 0:09:45.440 the Golden Hind, an English galleon, on a voyage that 0:09:45.559 --> 0:09:50.240 lasted from fifteen seventy seven through fifty. He was secretly 0:09:50.320 --> 0:09:53.120 commissioned by Queen Elizabeth, the first of England to lead 0:09:53.160 --> 0:09:56.480 an expedition which would take him around South America through 0:09:56.520 --> 0:10:00.200 the streets of Magellan in search of new lands. He 0:10:00.360 --> 0:10:03.600 was also to explore the northwestern coast of North America, 0:10:04.440 --> 0:10:07.480 but his real objective, under agreement with the Queen, was 0:10:07.520 --> 0:10:11.640 to raid and loot Spanish colonies, shipping ports and trading 0:10:11.720 --> 0:10:15.640 vessels along the coast of Chili and Peru, and any 0:10:15.679 --> 0:10:18.880 others that he found along the way. He set sail 0:10:19.040 --> 0:10:24.240 on this multi tiered mission in December, off with five vessels. 0:10:25.120 --> 0:10:29.120 We know that among his men were John Winter, commander 0:10:29.120 --> 0:10:32.720 of one of the vessels, and Officer Thomas Dodie. While 0:10:32.840 --> 0:10:36.000 there isn't much information at all about Winter, we do 0:10:36.160 --> 0:10:39.040 know that Drake and Dodie were hostile toward each other, 0:10:39.160 --> 0:10:42.960 and it suggested that that might have been politically motivated, 0:10:43.800 --> 0:10:47.280 whatever the real reason for their friction. Note, Drake accused 0:10:47.360 --> 0:10:51.440 Dotie of planning a mutiny and had him arrested. Dodie 0:10:51.480 --> 0:10:54.240 had a brief trial, which some sources say was probably 0:10:54.280 --> 0:10:57.480 also an illegal trial, and he was convicted and he 0:10:57.520 --> 0:11:01.400 was beheaded. There are two two ways to navigate around 0:11:01.440 --> 0:11:04.520 the southern tip of South America. One route is how 0:11:04.559 --> 0:11:06.960 ferdmand Magellan did it, and that is now known as 0:11:07.000 --> 0:11:09.480 the Strait of Magellan. You'll also see that as the 0:11:09.600 --> 0:11:12.640 Straits of Magellan and the Straight of Magellan is a 0:11:12.679 --> 0:11:15.560 three d fifty mile narrows at the southern tip of 0:11:15.559 --> 0:11:18.680 South America, and it connects the Atlantic Ocean and the 0:11:18.720 --> 0:11:23.720 Pacific Ocean. This was a hugely popular route, consider that 0:11:23.760 --> 0:11:26.480 the Panama Canal, which connects the Atlantic Ocean with the 0:11:26.520 --> 0:11:29.920 Pacific Ocean, would not be constructed until about three hundred 0:11:29.960 --> 0:11:33.320 fifty years later. But as it turns out, Drake actually 0:11:33.320 --> 0:11:37.280 didn't take the same route as Magellan. Well, I mean 0:11:37.360 --> 0:11:39.600 he did at first, so this is what happened. After 0:11:39.760 --> 0:11:43.560 sixteen days passing through the Strait of Magellan, Drake and 0:11:43.600 --> 0:11:47.840 his crew were forced south by storms. Drake's ship was 0:11:47.920 --> 0:11:50.200 the only one to survive and to go on to 0:11:50.240 --> 0:11:54.040 complete the expedition, but he wouldn't do so through the 0:11:54.080 --> 0:11:58.240 Strait of Magellan. Drake wrote, we quote God, by a 0:11:58.320 --> 0:12:02.560 contrary wind and in tolerable tempest, seemed to set himself 0:12:02.640 --> 0:12:07.360 against us. The option for sailing between the Atlantic and 0:12:07.400 --> 0:12:10.160 Pacific Oceans other than the Straight of Magellan at this 0:12:10.240 --> 0:12:13.839 time was known to be difficult to navigate. That's since 0:12:13.880 --> 0:12:16.600 become known as the Drake Passage, and it takes you 0:12:16.640 --> 0:12:20.080 through the southernmost tip of South America through a collection 0:12:20.080 --> 0:12:23.080 of islands known as the Tierra del Fuego, and the 0:12:23.120 --> 0:12:26.240 point farthest south on that archipelago is what we know 0:12:26.720 --> 0:12:29.920 as Cape Horn, and that is where Drake crossed to 0:12:29.920 --> 0:12:33.960 the Pacific Ocean. Like the Straight of Magellan, the passage 0:12:34.000 --> 0:12:37.520 opened up significant new trade routes. It was shorter than 0:12:37.559 --> 0:12:40.160 sailing the Straight of Magellan, but it also came at 0:12:40.160 --> 0:12:44.480 a bigger risk. In March of fIF seventy nine, during 0:12:44.520 --> 0:12:49.520 his time circumnavigating the globe, Drake seized perhaps his biggest 0:12:49.720 --> 0:12:53.640 greatest prize. His presence in the Pacific Ocean was a 0:12:53.679 --> 0:12:57.000 surprise to the Spanish, and their colonies weren't equipped to 0:12:57.080 --> 0:13:01.320 defend themselves. Drake helped himself and the ground to a 0:13:01.480 --> 0:13:04.720 sizeable bit of treasure, and then he continued to trawl 0:13:04.760 --> 0:13:08.360 the coast of Chili, raiding stores and ports and pillaging 0:13:08.400 --> 0:13:11.160 gold as he sailed north. When he came to the 0:13:11.200 --> 0:13:15.960 harbor at Lima, Peru, the people there found themselves defenseless, 0:13:15.960 --> 0:13:19.319 but they had something worth trading. And that was good 0:13:19.360 --> 0:13:22.480 information to share, and so they told him about a 0:13:22.520 --> 0:13:26.280 treasure ship that was heading towards Panama. Not one to 0:13:26.320 --> 0:13:29.440 miss a lucrative opportunity, Drake set out for the vessel 0:13:29.520 --> 0:13:33.920 and overtook it. The ship, the Nuestra Senora de la Conception, 0:13:34.400 --> 0:13:38.240 was carrying dozens of treasure chests. It was and is 0:13:38.360 --> 0:13:42.679 still considered Drake's biggest haul. The ship's captain had said 0:13:42.720 --> 0:13:45.840 also did not expect to meet an enemy in the Pacific, 0:13:46.160 --> 0:13:48.760 and had assumed Drake's vessel was actually just a friendly 0:13:48.800 --> 0:13:52.520 Spanish ship. But Drake was of course not friendly and 0:13:52.600 --> 0:13:55.160 took not just the booty but also the captain as 0:13:55.200 --> 0:13:59.360 a prisoner. Drake continued to sail north. It's believed he 0:13:59.640 --> 0:14:02.440 may have gone as far north as Vancouver Island, and 0:14:02.480 --> 0:14:06.240 that he was probably searching for the Northwest Passage, which 0:14:06.280 --> 0:14:09.040 is the route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans but 0:14:09.160 --> 0:14:13.000 through the Arctic Ocean. In fifteen seventy nine, he spent 0:14:13.120 --> 0:14:15.880 some time in what is now the San Francisco Bay area, 0:14:16.320 --> 0:14:20.080 preparing and overhauling his ship for the continuing voyage, and 0:14:20.520 --> 0:14:24.240 claiming the area for the Queen of England. Later that year, 0:14:24.320 --> 0:14:27.480 he sailed to the northernmost of the Indonesian islands, what 0:14:27.640 --> 0:14:30.960 he would have called the East Indies. In the Philippines, 0:14:31.000 --> 0:14:33.680 he did something a little different, not so much with 0:14:33.760 --> 0:14:38.240 the pillaging, but instead he bought spices. He purchased something. 0:14:40.720 --> 0:14:42.840 We're going to take a break now for a word 0:14:42.880 --> 0:14:45.840 from our sponsor. But when we're back we'll talk about 0:14:45.920 --> 0:14:58.080 how and when Francis Drake became Sir Francis Drake. Welcome 0:14:58.080 --> 0:15:01.520 back to Criminalia. Let's talk about how we heard that 0:15:01.560 --> 0:15:06.320 Francis Drake sold his soul to the devil. Drake's voyages 0:15:06.760 --> 0:15:09.960 circumnavigating the globe, as well as journeys closer to home, 0:15:10.280 --> 0:15:13.160 were intended to help England build one of the foremost 0:15:13.240 --> 0:15:18.080 empires in the quote New World. And he did make 0:15:18.080 --> 0:15:21.680 a fortune for both himself and for the Crown, regardless 0:15:21.800 --> 0:15:24.840 of what anyone else, such as say, maybe the King 0:15:24.880 --> 0:15:28.760 of Spain felt about his acts of piracy, Queen Elizabeth, 0:15:28.880 --> 0:15:31.920 looked the other way. When he arrived back in England, 0:15:31.960 --> 0:15:35.080 his ship was loaded with gold and silver, chests of 0:15:35.200 --> 0:15:39.400 rare porcelains from China, spices, silks, and now a whole 0:15:39.440 --> 0:15:43.479 lot of loot from Spain. King Philip the Second complained 0:15:43.600 --> 0:15:46.560 about Drake's piracy, but the Queen was so pleased she 0:15:46.640 --> 0:15:50.080 just dismissed him. She knighted Drake aboard his ship on 0:15:50.200 --> 0:15:55.200 April four. So a little side note about a story 0:15:55.280 --> 0:15:58.600 that's often relayed as part of Drake's legend. It is 0:15:58.720 --> 0:16:02.160 commonly said that he introduced potatoes to England upon his 0:16:02.240 --> 0:16:06.040 return from circumnavigating the globe. Don't give him all the 0:16:06.080 --> 0:16:08.800 credit there, That's not true at all. They were likely 0:16:08.880 --> 0:16:13.400 introduced by the Spanish, and likely a decade before Drake's journey. 0:16:13.440 --> 0:16:17.960 Ah the Spanish, I know, right. So speaking of the Spanish. 0:16:18.120 --> 0:16:23.520 While England celebrated Drake, Spain considered him any legal trader 0:16:23.560 --> 0:16:27.880 of enslaved people and a cold blooded pirate. And they 0:16:27.960 --> 0:16:32.280 weren't wrong. Drake was a pirate. But if you remember, 0:16:32.400 --> 0:16:36.400 he was also a politician. In the early fifteen eighties, 0:16:36.440 --> 0:16:38.680 he served as the Mayor of Plymouth and as a 0:16:38.720 --> 0:16:42.760 member of Parliament. But in five he returned to his 0:16:42.840 --> 0:16:47.119 ship to you know it, raid Spanish settlements in the Caribbean. 0:16:47.960 --> 0:16:50.880 This time under his commission, he commanded a fleet of 0:16:50.920 --> 0:16:55.040 about twenty five ships and anywhere between one sixty four 0:16:55.080 --> 0:16:59.240 and twenty three hundred men. His objective was to target 0:16:59.280 --> 0:17:03.440 what is president day Florida, present day Dominican Republic, present 0:17:03.560 --> 0:17:06.640 day Columbia, and the present day Cape very day Island. 0:17:07.400 --> 0:17:09.760 He did. He did all of that, and he left 0:17:09.800 --> 0:17:13.240 with enormous wealth. It said that King Philip the Second 0:17:13.280 --> 0:17:16.120 of Spain at one point that's so tired of all 0:17:16.160 --> 0:17:19.240 this that he offered a bounty of twenty thousand ducats 0:17:19.280 --> 0:17:23.680 for Drake's head. In fifteen eighty six, the king began 0:17:23.800 --> 0:17:28.159 preparing to invade England. This was when the Spanish Armada 0:17:28.520 --> 0:17:32.679 was formed. Drake had a bad reputation for quite a 0:17:32.680 --> 0:17:36.399 long time, and in fifty seven he was the one 0:17:36.840 --> 0:17:40.760 to deal the first blow, launching a preemptive strike on 0:17:40.840 --> 0:17:44.320 the Spanish port of Cadiz where the ships were being gathered. 0:17:44.840 --> 0:17:48.480 Catching the Spanish off guard, Drake's crew pillaged and burned 0:17:48.520 --> 0:17:52.960 the coastline. The raid destroyed between thirty and forty Spanish vessels, 0:17:53.000 --> 0:17:58.160 and the crew looted tons of supplies. Jokingly, Drake called 0:17:58.200 --> 0:18:01.680 it his quote, singing of the King of Spain's beard. 0:18:03.000 --> 0:18:09.280 Soon after, Drake was second in command under Admiral Charles Howard. 0:18:09.720 --> 0:18:12.040 In his role as an officer in the Royal Navy, 0:18:12.400 --> 0:18:15.760 not as a pirate, and not as a privateer. Drake 0:18:15.920 --> 0:18:19.119 led the English to victory over the Spanish Armada, and 0:18:19.280 --> 0:18:24.600 he basked in that victory and that praise. There was 0:18:24.640 --> 0:18:28.480 a rumor among Spaniards, and especially sailors who fought in 0:18:28.520 --> 0:18:32.920 the Spanish Armada against Drake, that he had supernatural powers, 0:18:32.960 --> 0:18:37.120 and that perhaps those powers came from the devil. Maybe 0:18:37.200 --> 0:18:41.159 he practiced witchcraft. Another part of his legend suggests that 0:18:41.200 --> 0:18:44.400 he had a mirror, a magic mirror that allowed him 0:18:44.400 --> 0:18:47.359 to spy on all of the ships sailing the seas. 0:18:48.080 --> 0:18:52.120 Calling Drake quote a devil and no man, they nicknamed 0:18:52.200 --> 0:18:56.200 him El Drac or the Dragon. Lord Burghley, who was 0:18:56.280 --> 0:19:00.000 Queen Elizabeth's primary minister, had never approved of Drake or 0:19:00.080 --> 0:19:04.119 his methods, but even he conceded quote, Sir Francis Drake 0:19:04.280 --> 0:19:07.560 is a fearful man. To the King of Spain. In 0:19:07.640 --> 0:19:12.280 early Queen Elizabeth the First commissioned him for one last 0:19:12.400 --> 0:19:15.840 voyage against the Spanish in the West Indies. Drake took 0:19:15.840 --> 0:19:19.680 the contract, but the expedition ended in failure. This time, 0:19:19.880 --> 0:19:25.240 the Spanish successfully defended themselves against his English fleet. This, though, 0:19:25.600 --> 0:19:29.119 is where our story about Pirate Francis Drake, the most 0:19:29.280 --> 0:19:34.880 famous sailor of Elizabethan Age, comes to an end. In fifteen, 0:19:36.119 --> 0:19:40.159 Drake contracted dysentery and died of a fever. He was 0:19:40.240 --> 0:19:43.520 buried wearing full armor and in a lead coffin at 0:19:43.560 --> 0:19:47.840 sea off the coast of Panama. Although divers have continued 0:19:47.880 --> 0:19:53.000 to search, his exact resting place remains unknown. Historian John 0:19:53.040 --> 0:19:55.919 Stowe wrote of Drake that quote, he was more skillful 0:19:56.040 --> 0:19:59.320 in all points of navigation than any He was also 0:19:59.520 --> 0:20:03.399 of a per pricked memory, great observation, eloquent by nature. 0:20:04.080 --> 0:20:07.360 In brief, he was as famous in Europe and America 0:20:07.440 --> 0:20:11.920 as Timberlane in Asia and Africa. So there's a little 0:20:11.960 --> 0:20:14.600 story I thought would be fun to share before Holly 0:20:14.680 --> 0:20:20.480 shares this episodes libations. So part of Drake's legend includes 0:20:20.480 --> 0:20:23.320 a story about how, among so many other things he 0:20:23.440 --> 0:20:26.480 is credited for and that we've talked about, he may 0:20:26.520 --> 0:20:30.840 also have been the first mixologist. But surely this is 0:20:30.880 --> 0:20:34.600 with apologies to the American bartender named Jerry Thomas, who 0:20:34.640 --> 0:20:38.159 wrote the first cocktail book and is widely considered to 0:20:38.240 --> 0:20:41.600 be the father of American mixology. But let's go back 0:20:41.640 --> 0:20:44.880 to Drake's drink. His drink was intended to help cure 0:20:44.880 --> 0:20:48.960 a sickness that was among his crewmen, and it combined mint, lime, 0:20:49.280 --> 0:20:53.320 tree bark rum, which were all popular in medicinal uses, 0:20:53.880 --> 0:20:56.639 with cane sugar, which I can only imagine is to 0:20:56.680 --> 0:21:00.520 help the medicine go down. He called it ldre, and 0:21:00.720 --> 0:21:10.080 as it's told, it did cure his crew I'm not 0:21:10.119 --> 0:21:13.119 going to cure anything in the groggery. I'm not surprised. 0:21:13.240 --> 0:21:15.240 I don't think any of what I'm looking for cures, 0:21:15.359 --> 0:21:20.640 Like I mean, I'll try, uh, you know, it'll cure 0:21:20.760 --> 0:21:26.720 your lack of delightful beverage maybe, but nothing actually medicinal. So, 0:21:26.840 --> 0:21:29.680 in thinking about this, this is one of those things 0:21:29.680 --> 0:21:31.560 where like I'm a little bit of a ten year 0:21:31.560 --> 0:21:33.639 old and I just fixate on one phrase and then 0:21:33.640 --> 0:21:36.000 I can't stop thinking about it, and that becomes what 0:21:36.080 --> 0:21:38.280 the drink is about, even though it's not that important 0:21:38.280 --> 0:21:41.000 to the bigger story. So this drink is called the 0:21:41.040 --> 0:21:47.639 Golden Hind. Now for a little bit of context about 0:21:47.680 --> 0:21:51.639 that name. The Golden Hind is a female red deer 0:21:52.359 --> 0:21:54.800 that's an actual animal, and the reason that his ship 0:21:54.920 --> 0:21:57.280 was named that was because it was part of the 0:21:57.280 --> 0:22:00.520 crest of his patron, Sir Christopher Hatton, So that's why 0:22:00.600 --> 0:22:02.640 it was called that. But I just got to thinking 0:22:02.640 --> 0:22:05.439 about golden libations and things that would be yummy in 0:22:05.440 --> 0:22:07.960 that arena um that has nothing to do with deer. 0:22:08.040 --> 0:22:10.320 I just wanted to make sure we have the context 0:22:10.359 --> 0:22:14.000 of that moniker. So the Golden hind is actually really easy. 0:22:14.040 --> 0:22:16.320 It's kind of based on a Collins formula, which is 0:22:16.359 --> 0:22:18.040 one that I play with a lot. If if you 0:22:18.160 --> 0:22:21.560 followed along, you'll notice there are many Collins variations in 0:22:21.600 --> 0:22:23.560 my hat because I love it and it's a classic 0:22:23.600 --> 0:22:27.000 for a reason. So this starts with one and a 0:22:27.000 --> 0:22:30.520 half ounces of vodka, like a nice clean whatever, like 0:22:30.600 --> 0:22:35.040 the least flavored vodka, and then it is three quarters 0:22:35.080 --> 0:22:38.679 of an ounce of honey syrup. Resist the temptation to 0:22:38.800 --> 0:22:42.920 just put honey straight in because it sometimes won't dissolve 0:22:43.160 --> 0:22:45.760 effectively it's too thick. So what you want to do 0:22:45.880 --> 0:22:49.520 first is combine one part honey to one part water 0:22:49.680 --> 0:22:51.920 and let that dissolve, and that's your honey syrup that 0:22:51.960 --> 0:22:54.080 you're going to use for drinks. So three quarters of 0:22:54.119 --> 0:22:56.359 an ounce of that and then three quarters of an 0:22:56.400 --> 0:23:00.080 ounce of lemon juice. And then just to get with 0:23:00.200 --> 0:23:05.280 a little extra golden tone, you're gonna sprinkle a tiny amount, 0:23:05.359 --> 0:23:08.760 like a little baby pinch, a scant pinch of tumeric 0:23:08.840 --> 0:23:11.480 into it, and I would put that all in a 0:23:11.520 --> 0:23:15.879 cocktail shaker without ice, shake it like the Dickens, because 0:23:16.000 --> 0:23:18.640 the reason I say a tiny, tiny amount of tumeric 0:23:18.800 --> 0:23:22.880 is that that doesn't, in my experience, incorporate into liquid 0:23:22.920 --> 0:23:24.639 as well as I would like. And you can have 0:23:25.200 --> 0:23:27.320 kind of a grainy texture if you put more than 0:23:27.400 --> 0:23:29.399 just a tiny bit in there. But if you do 0:23:29.480 --> 0:23:31.199 put just a tiny bit in there, you won't get 0:23:31.240 --> 0:23:33.800 as much greediness and it will make it a beautiful 0:23:33.840 --> 0:23:37.320 golden color. So you're gonna shaky, shaky, shaky, shaky, shak shaky, shaky, 0:23:37.359 --> 0:23:39.720 shaky ticket You'll thank you shaking it too much. Keep 0:23:39.720 --> 0:23:42.280 shaking because you really want to incorporate as much of 0:23:42.280 --> 0:23:44.800 that tumeric as you can. Uh. And then you're gonna 0:23:44.840 --> 0:23:47.600 just strain that over ice, which will also help get 0:23:47.600 --> 0:23:50.480 out any of the greeniness. Top it with a club 0:23:50.520 --> 0:23:52.399 soda or if you want to sweeten it, do a 0:23:52.480 --> 0:23:56.760 light gingerile. Super easy. It makes you look like you're 0:23:56.760 --> 0:24:00.359 like a fancy mixologist, and really you're just you're just 0:24:00.400 --> 0:24:02.600 working out a habit. It's a great it's a great, 0:24:02.600 --> 0:24:04.440 easy drink. It also shares a little bit of d 0:24:04.560 --> 0:24:07.160 n a of course, of the bee's knees without doing 0:24:07.200 --> 0:24:09.879 the gin and also adding that bubbly component to it, 0:24:10.000 --> 0:24:13.720 so yummy nummies in our tummies. If you want to 0:24:13.760 --> 0:24:16.160 do the non alcoholic version and do a little mock 0:24:16.240 --> 0:24:20.879 tail here, I would skip the vodka and the lemon 0:24:20.960 --> 0:24:26.639 juice and just do a low sugar lemonade, add that 0:24:26.680 --> 0:24:28.760 honey syrup to it in the same amount, So at 0:24:28.760 --> 0:24:31.480 that point you're gonna do like I would say, two 0:24:31.920 --> 0:24:35.560 to three ounces of lemonade, still do the three quarter 0:24:35.600 --> 0:24:38.000 of an ounce of honey syrup, add that little sprinkle 0:24:38.040 --> 0:24:40.920 of tumeric, shake a shake, shake, and then still top 0:24:40.960 --> 0:24:44.040 it with club soda urgent rail and it's just a 0:24:44.040 --> 0:24:48.560 pretty golden, very yummy beautiful. I always like a drink 0:24:48.600 --> 0:24:49.960 that's is pretty to look at, it is as it 0:24:50.080 --> 0:24:52.879 is to sip. This has a really nice color to it, 0:24:53.280 --> 0:24:55.280 that is the golden Hind. I feel like I should 0:24:55.320 --> 0:24:57.840 also mention that if you are curious what the Golden 0:24:57.920 --> 0:25:01.959 Hind looked like. There are an number of replicas of 0:25:01.960 --> 0:25:04.000 it that you can go visit that are kind of 0:25:04.000 --> 0:25:08.720 like museum pieces in England in various locations, and you 0:25:08.720 --> 0:25:11.560 can see pictures of those online. Absolutely beautiful. Some of 0:25:11.600 --> 0:25:15.000 them are actually like sea worthy, like could go out 0:25:15.000 --> 0:25:19.679