WEBVTT - CZM Rewind: The White Wolf & White Guns for Hire 0:00:01.680 --> 0:00:07.720 Cool Zone Media. 0:00:09.800 --> 0:00:14.640 Hello everyone, Molly here, Welcome back to the second of 0:00:14.720 --> 0:00:18.360 four installments of the holiday reruns here on Weird Little Guys. 0:00:19.640 --> 0:00:22.680 Since Christmas and New Year's Day are both Thursdays this year, 0:00:23.400 --> 0:00:25.200 I was going to have to run two reruns in 0:00:25.239 --> 0:00:30.479 a row. Instead of picking two random reruns, I'm using 0:00:30.480 --> 0:00:33.480 this opportunity to run my favorite mini series of the year, 0:00:34.520 --> 0:00:36.840 the eight episodes I wrote back in the spring about 0:00:36.840 --> 0:00:40.040 the international networks of right wing extremists who were trying 0:00:40.040 --> 0:00:44.360 to hold onto a part time in South Africa. The 0:00:44.400 --> 0:00:46.879 first two episodes popped up on Your Feet on Tuesday, 0:00:47.520 --> 0:00:51.920 making this episodes three and four of that series. The 0:00:51.960 --> 0:00:55.720 episodes The White Wolf and White Guns for Hire originally 0:00:55.800 --> 0:01:00.280 aired on March twentieth and March twenty seventh. For this 0:01:00.320 --> 0:01:03.200 section of the story, I don't really have an update 0:01:03.320 --> 0:01:07.760 or a correction, but I do have more clues, more 0:01:07.800 --> 0:01:11.400 information that sort of hints at possibilities I just can't 0:01:11.400 --> 0:01:16.240 prove yet. When I first started digging into Monica Huggett Stone, 0:01:17.000 --> 0:01:19.440 there was this curious claim that she was a member 0:01:19.480 --> 0:01:23.800 of the American ku Klux Klan. And when I was 0:01:23.840 --> 0:01:26.240 writing about this back in the spring, I went to 0:01:26.840 --> 0:01:29.560 great lengths to try to figure out exactly what that 0:01:29.640 --> 0:01:35.800 might mean. I found some interesting history involving a South 0:01:35.800 --> 0:01:38.479 African anti Semite who claimed to be running a clan 0:01:38.520 --> 0:01:41.800 group in South Africa a few years before Monica would 0:01:41.800 --> 0:01:45.600 have been involved, and that helped a little bit. Gave 0:01:45.640 --> 0:01:50.800 me some context, but it didn't actually directly connect her 0:01:50.840 --> 0:01:54.400 to anything. It didn't explain how she became pen pals 0:01:54.440 --> 0:01:58.080 with an American clansmen in the late nineteen seventies when 0:01:58.080 --> 0:02:01.520 she was helping those Italian terrorists build that bomb in Johannesburg. 0:02:03.200 --> 0:02:06.280 But in the months since, someone was kind enough to 0:02:06.280 --> 0:02:10.200 send me a newspaper clipping, one I wish i'd had then. 0:02:12.080 --> 0:02:15.280 This was a recurring theme throughout the series. I really 0:02:15.360 --> 0:02:19.640 had to get creative in finding source material. It isn't 0:02:19.639 --> 0:02:22.919 easy to find newspaper archives in another language from another 0:02:22.960 --> 0:02:28.040 continent from decades ago. I found more than I expected, 0:02:28.880 --> 0:02:31.920 but there were always gaps in my timeline that I 0:02:32.040 --> 0:02:34.840 had a good feeling could be filled in if I 0:02:35.000 --> 0:02:37.600 just had more access to South African newspapers from the 0:02:37.639 --> 0:02:41.320 time period. And this clipping is exactly the kind of 0:02:41.360 --> 0:02:45.160 thing that would have saved me like twenty hours of frustration. 0:02:47.120 --> 0:02:51.200 In nineteen eighty one, Monica's mother told a reporter that 0:02:51.240 --> 0:02:55.919 Monica had been corresponding with an American pastor for years 0:02:57.639 --> 0:03:01.680 and the pastor's name was one do you know? It 0:03:01.720 --> 0:03:07.639 was Robert Miles by the mid nineteen seventies, which seems 0:03:07.680 --> 0:03:11.040 like it may have been when they started writing. Miles 0:03:11.080 --> 0:03:15.880 no longer publicly claimed clan membership, but he had been 0:03:15.919 --> 0:03:18.240 a grand Dragon in the Klan in Michigan in the past, 0:03:19.160 --> 0:03:23.120 and even after he transitioned away from publicly identifying as 0:03:23.120 --> 0:03:27.800 a klansman, he was still hanging out with klansmen, plotting 0:03:27.800 --> 0:03:30.280 to blow up school buses to prevent integration in a 0:03:30.360 --> 0:03:34.560 very clan like fashion, and writing essays that were published 0:03:34.600 --> 0:03:38.920 in the inter Clan newsletter. What I'm saying is he 0:03:38.960 --> 0:03:42.520 was still involved with the clan. So even though his 0:03:42.640 --> 0:03:46.600 primary focus was his Christian identity church, he could very 0:03:46.640 --> 0:03:51.400 well have been Monica's American Clan contact, And if he wasn't, 0:03:51.920 --> 0:03:55.160 he was almost certainly her introduction to whichever Klansman it 0:03:55.320 --> 0:04:00.000 was who did mail her that bomb making manual. Notably, 0:04:00.640 --> 0:04:03.920 both Robert Miles and Monica Huggett were connected to the 0:04:03.960 --> 0:04:07.840 American Ku Klux Klan in the nineteen seventies, and they 0:04:07.880 --> 0:04:11.800 both ended up moving on to the Aryan Nations. Miles 0:04:11.840 --> 0:04:14.560 died in nineteen ninety two, but in the nineteen eighties 0:04:14.720 --> 0:04:18.120 he was a regional leader in the Aryan Nations. And 0:04:18.760 --> 0:04:21.960 you know where this whole story started. When Monica moved 0:04:21.960 --> 0:04:24.800 to the United States, she was a leading member of 0:04:24.839 --> 0:04:29.120 the Aryan Nations group operating out of Louisiana. So those 0:04:29.120 --> 0:04:35.040 are interesting parallel tracks, and it gives me just enough 0:04:35.080 --> 0:04:38.320 to go on that I'm definitely going to have to 0:04:38.400 --> 0:04:42.200 keep digging. I mean, I have to write about Robert 0:04:42.200 --> 0:04:53.200 Miles eventually. Anyway. On August tenth, nineteen eighty nine, around 0:04:53.279 --> 0:04:57.120 nine thirty pm, a white sedan pulled up outside the 0:04:57.240 --> 0:05:02.240 United Nations Transition Assistance Groups Straitive headquarters in aut Yo, 0:05:03.040 --> 0:05:06.960 a town in northern Namibia. It had what appeared to 0:05:07.000 --> 0:05:10.640 be UN issued license plates and the United Nations emblem 0:05:10.640 --> 0:05:13.640 was painted on the side, so perhaps it didn't look 0:05:13.640 --> 0:05:18.800 out of place there at first. Initial reports say witnesses 0:05:18.800 --> 0:05:23.720 saw three men dressed in green camouflage uniforms. The UN 0:05:23.760 --> 0:05:26.919 Transition Assistance Group had arrived in Namibia four months earlier, 0:05:27.600 --> 0:05:32.159 authorized by UN Resolution four thirty five. The resolution had 0:05:32.200 --> 0:05:35.560 actually been adopted over a decade earlier, but it took 0:05:35.560 --> 0:05:37.640 that entire decade to get all parties to come to 0:05:37.680 --> 0:05:41.520 the table. The Transition Assistance Group was there to ensure 0:05:41.560 --> 0:05:45.000 the ceasefire was honored, that South African troops would withdraw 0:05:45.000 --> 0:05:48.320 from Namibia, and that the upcoming election would be free 0:05:48.320 --> 0:05:52.679 and fair. Those first four months had not been without incident, 0:05:53.480 --> 0:05:56.480 but a ceasefire was re established Over the summer. The 0:05:56.520 --> 0:06:00.520 South African military was withdrawing s planned and UN officials 0:06:00.520 --> 0:06:04.160 were making progress on disarming and disbanding the citizen militias 0:06:04.279 --> 0:06:08.240 paid by the South African government. If things continued on 0:06:08.279 --> 0:06:11.360 this path, it was looking good for the November elections. 0:06:12.800 --> 0:06:15.800 But not everyone was on board with UN Resolution four 0:06:15.960 --> 0:06:21.160 thirty five. One small group in particular, calling itself Axi 0:06:21.279 --> 0:06:25.839 Kontra four three five Action against four thirty five, did 0:06:25.920 --> 0:06:32.719 just what the name implies. They took action. When those 0:06:32.720 --> 0:06:34.960 men in green camos stepped out of their car outside 0:06:35.000 --> 0:06:38.600 the UN offices in Autyo that night, they opened fire 0:06:38.640 --> 0:06:43.720 with automatic weapons hand grenades caused extensive damage to the buildings. 0:06:44.400 --> 0:06:49.400 Both the administrative offices and the sleeping quarters. A security 0:06:49.400 --> 0:06:53.200 guard named Michael Hoseg was killed in the attack, but 0:06:53.240 --> 0:06:56.599 the men fled into the night without finishing the mission. 0:07:01.960 --> 0:07:05.240 The entire cell was arrested fairly quickly, and authorities found 0:07:05.240 --> 0:07:08.080 a massive arsenal of guns and explosives the group planned 0:07:08.080 --> 0:07:11.200 to use in future attacks on United Nations targets with 0:07:11.320 --> 0:07:14.840 the goal of stopping the upcoming elections. And those men 0:07:14.880 --> 0:07:17.520 were in custody in November when the elections were held, 0:07:18.960 --> 0:07:23.920 but they didn't stay there. They escaped. They'd failed to 0:07:23.920 --> 0:07:28.960 prevent Namibian independence, but now the fight was in South Africa, 0:07:29.200 --> 0:07:32.320 and they would do everything in their power to prevent 0:07:32.400 --> 0:07:39.080 the end of apartheime. I'm Molly Conger, and this is 0:07:39.120 --> 0:07:59.000 where the were guides. This is still the story of 0:07:59.120 --> 0:08:03.040 Monica hugget'st the elderly South African woman who was living 0:08:03.040 --> 0:08:06.680 in Mandeville, Louisiana, when she organized a series of nationwide 0:08:06.720 --> 0:08:10.560 Nazi rallies in twenty twelve. But she isn't in this 0:08:10.640 --> 0:08:14.000 part of the story because I can't tell you about 0:08:14.040 --> 0:08:17.119 the international network of mercenaries she was organizing in nineteen 0:08:17.200 --> 0:08:21.000 ninety four without telling you a little bit more about 0:08:21.040 --> 0:08:24.480 some of those men, who they were and what they 0:08:24.480 --> 0:08:26.120 were up to in the years leading up to that 0:08:26.200 --> 0:08:28.360 deadly shootout with the police on the eve of the 0:08:28.400 --> 0:08:32.480 South African elections. I know I don't have to make 0:08:32.520 --> 0:08:36.600 excuses for this meandering narrative. It's my story and I'll 0:08:36.600 --> 0:08:39.360 tell it the only way I know how. I never 0:08:39.400 --> 0:08:41.480 know where we're going when I start putting my notes together, 0:08:41.559 --> 0:08:44.840 and I really can't help but chase down this seemingly 0:08:44.920 --> 0:08:49.840 infinite number of surprisingly deep rabbit holes. And I'm so 0:08:50.080 --> 0:08:55.360 fascinated by this international network. It's come up a bit 0:08:55.679 --> 0:08:59.679 in other stories. Dennis Mahon and Tom Metzger had close 0:08:59.720 --> 0:09:03.360 ties with Heritage Front in Canada. In the early nineties, 0:09:03.360 --> 0:09:06.480 Denis Mayhon flew to Germany to show German Neo Nazis 0:09:06.520 --> 0:09:09.480 a good old fashioned American ku Klux clan cross burning, 0:09:10.280 --> 0:09:12.839 and he gave fiery speeches stoking the flames of the 0:09:12.880 --> 0:09:16.120 anti immigrant riots that were exploding across Germany at the time. 0:09:17.840 --> 0:09:20.280 The week before Dennis started making that bomb that he 0:09:20.360 --> 0:09:23.080 went to prison for, he'd been hanging out with an 0:09:23.160 --> 0:09:26.520 Ulster Unionist who'd carried out bombings in Northern Ireland during 0:09:26.559 --> 0:09:32.079 the troubles, British Holocaust denied David Irving traveled regularly to 0:09:32.120 --> 0:09:36.240 the United States to network with American white supremacists. Frank 0:09:36.280 --> 0:09:38.800 Sweeney joined the American Nazi Party in New Jersey as 0:09:38.800 --> 0:09:42.560 a teenager and later joined the Rhodesian Army as a mercenary. 0:09:43.360 --> 0:09:46.400 Members of American white supremacist groups like the Base Adam 0:09:46.440 --> 0:09:49.720 Waffen and the Rise Above movement and its spinoff active clubs, 0:09:50.320 --> 0:09:53.560 have a particular fondness for traveling to Ukraine to fight 0:09:53.600 --> 0:09:57.680 with far right groups like the azof Battalion. Patriot Front. 0:09:57.720 --> 0:10:00.599 Flags have popped up at neo Nazi marches and Poland, 0:10:00.040 --> 0:10:03.320 and its members have met with leaders of foreign fascist 0:10:03.320 --> 0:10:06.000 groups like the Nordic Resistance Movement in Sweden and Cossa 0:10:06.080 --> 0:10:09.480 Pound in Italy. One of the young men arrested in 0:10:09.520 --> 0:10:12.440 connection with the Terogram Collective was taken into custody at 0:10:12.480 --> 0:10:15.440 the airport before he could board a flight to Ukraine 0:10:15.480 --> 0:10:20.960 to join the Russian Volunteer Corps. The fascists, racists, and 0:10:21.040 --> 0:10:26.360 anti Semites of the world are obsessed with borders, but 0:10:26.400 --> 0:10:30.000 they don't seem to mind crossing them, So that's what 0:10:30.000 --> 0:10:33.559 we're exploring. Here, and we'll find Monica again in the 0:10:33.600 --> 0:10:35.520 next chapter of this story when she does a bit 0:10:35.559 --> 0:10:38.920 of border crossing of her own, but that's not until 0:10:38.960 --> 0:10:46.480 nineteen ninety four, and right now it's nineteen eighty nine. 0:10:46.679 --> 0:10:49.959 In nineteen eighty nine, South Africa was still five years 0:10:50.000 --> 0:10:53.840 away from ending apartheid, five years away from holding their 0:10:53.880 --> 0:10:57.880 first election with universal suffrage, five years away from electing 0:10:57.920 --> 0:11:00.679 Nelson Mandela as their first post of Parkment high president. 0:11:01.880 --> 0:11:04.439 In nineteen eighty nine, Nelson Mandela was still in prison, 0:11:05.000 --> 0:11:09.360 where he'd been since nineteen sixty two. But in nineteen 0:11:09.400 --> 0:11:13.560 eighty nine, one of South Africa's neighbors was taking the 0:11:13.640 --> 0:11:19.160 leap into multi racial democracy. Well. Whether or not South 0:11:19.160 --> 0:11:23.960 Africa considered Namibia to be a neighboring country or a 0:11:24.040 --> 0:11:28.640 country at all, depends on who you ask. The present 0:11:28.720 --> 0:11:31.280 day nation of Namibia had been a German colony from 0:11:31.320 --> 0:11:35.280 eighteen eighty four until nineteen fifteen. During World War One, 0:11:35.360 --> 0:11:39.720 when everyone was a little preoccupied elsewhere, South Africa captured 0:11:39.760 --> 0:11:44.520 the colony known as South West Africa. In nineteen sixty six, 0:11:44.600 --> 0:11:47.559 the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution declaring that 0:11:47.720 --> 0:11:50.040 South Africa no longer had a right to the territory, 0:11:51.000 --> 0:11:53.839 but South Africa continued illegally occupying the area that the 0:11:53.920 --> 0:11:59.160 United Nations now recognized as Namibia. The conflict lasted over 0:11:59.200 --> 0:12:03.640 two decades. The South African Border War wasn't just about 0:12:03.760 --> 0:12:07.640 South Africa's desire to extend apartheid into this colonial territory. 0:12:08.679 --> 0:12:12.320 It was inextricably intertwined with other conflicts in the region, 0:12:12.760 --> 0:12:16.240 things like the Angle and Civil War. It was a 0:12:16.280 --> 0:12:19.880 modern consequence of the nineteenth century Scramble for Africa. It 0:12:20.000 --> 0:12:23.440 was the unraveling of a century of colonialism. It was 0:12:23.480 --> 0:12:27.760 fueled by Cold War anxiety about communist guerrilla forces and 0:12:28.080 --> 0:12:33.439 Soviet influence. And it was about white anxiety. If Black 0:12:33.440 --> 0:12:36.560 Africans were allowed to participate in government, if they were, 0:12:36.840 --> 0:12:40.520 god forbid, allowed to rule their own nations, what would 0:12:40.559 --> 0:12:45.000 they do with that power. The whole world got in 0:12:45.040 --> 0:12:49.120 on the action, both officially, with major power sending material 0:12:49.160 --> 0:12:54.040 support to their preferred parties and none officially, with independent 0:12:54.040 --> 0:12:58.080 mercenaries and shadowy state sponsored operations popping up all over 0:12:58.120 --> 0:13:03.080 Sub Saharan Africa. But by nineteen eighty nine it was 0:13:03.120 --> 0:13:07.240 finally time. The border war was over and Namibia was 0:13:07.280 --> 0:13:10.800 going to have free and fair elections in November. In 0:13:10.840 --> 0:13:13.520 April of that year, peacekeeping forces from the United Nations 0:13:13.520 --> 0:13:18.760 Transition Assistance Group arrived to oversee the process. Namibia was 0:13:18.800 --> 0:13:24.240 going to be an independent nation, one without apartheid, and 0:13:24.320 --> 0:13:27.119 this was a frightening prospect for those white South Africans 0:13:27.160 --> 0:13:31.040 trying desperately to hold onto power in an increasingly unsustainable 0:13:31.080 --> 0:13:36.800 form of government. Now, this next part might sound like 0:13:36.800 --> 0:13:40.600 a conspiracy theory. I tried to tread waters like this 0:13:40.679 --> 0:13:44.280 with immense care. I nearly drove myself to madness trying 0:13:44.280 --> 0:13:47.760 to thread the needle of fact, fiction and question marks. 0:13:48.160 --> 0:13:50.679 When I talked about the Oklahoma City bombing a while back, 0:13:52.080 --> 0:13:56.040 and when I started poking around this particular history, I'll 0:13:56.080 --> 0:13:59.000 admit I didn't have a lot of context. I don't 0:13:59.000 --> 0:14:02.880 know the landscape here, so sorting fact from speculation and 0:14:02.960 --> 0:14:07.719 sifting out the lies is a tricky prospect. And at 0:14:07.760 --> 0:14:12.360 first I completely dismissed the idea that these neo Nazi 0:14:12.559 --> 0:14:17.240 terrorists could have been acting on government orders. That's Tinfoil 0:14:17.280 --> 0:14:22.320 had territory, right. I saw the idea heavily insinuated in 0:14:22.360 --> 0:14:25.760 some reporting from the time period. An article published in 0:14:25.840 --> 0:14:28.720 nineteen ninety, in an issue of Frei Vigblad, a South 0:14:28.720 --> 0:14:33.000 African newspaper with an anti apartheid stance, opened with this 0:14:33.560 --> 0:14:39.680 fairly explosive allegation. They are fugitives accused of murder. They 0:14:39.720 --> 0:14:44.160 come from South Africa, Britain, Namibia and Zimbabwe. They have 0:14:44.240 --> 0:14:48.360 one common characteristic. They left a trail of destruction, death 0:14:48.440 --> 0:14:51.440 and bloodshed in Southern Africa over the past decade, but 0:14:51.560 --> 0:14:54.760 cannot be prosecuted. They are among the most wanted men 0:14:54.800 --> 0:14:57.240 in our neighboring states, but enjoy the protection of the 0:14:57.280 --> 0:15:01.240 South African government because they have worked or still work 0:15:01.840 --> 0:15:07.920 for the security forces. But that's not proof, right. Think 0:15:07.960 --> 0:15:10.320 about how often you see similar sentiments expressed when it 0:15:10.360 --> 0:15:14.160 comes to American far right groups. Allegations that this group 0:15:14.280 --> 0:15:17.440 or that one or whichever prominent white supremacist leader hasn't 0:15:17.480 --> 0:15:21.320 been prosecuted because they're being protected by the state. And 0:15:21.360 --> 0:15:25.720 that's always a possibility, sure, but that doesn't mean it's true. 0:15:27.400 --> 0:15:30.800 But some of those men would themselves later claim that 0:15:30.880 --> 0:15:35.280 they couldn't be prosecuted for murders and bombings because they'd 0:15:35.320 --> 0:15:40.320 been acting on government orders, And again that's not proof. 0:15:40.520 --> 0:15:44.040 I've seen that before too. Sometimes people will say anything 0:15:44.080 --> 0:15:47.760 to avoid responsibility, and that doesn't necessarily mean it's true. 0:15:50.640 --> 0:15:54.120 I'd been chugging along, accumulating sources and taking my notes, 0:15:54.280 --> 0:15:59.600 translating old newspapers. I subscribed to several South African genealogical databases, 0:16:00.160 --> 0:16:04.280 getting into the weeds here, all under the assumption that 0:16:04.320 --> 0:16:08.000 there wasn't really a need to explore that angle. It 0:16:08.080 --> 0:16:10.600 could be true, but it wasn't something I'd be able 0:16:10.640 --> 0:16:13.280 to substantiate, And it's the kind of thing I'm not 0:16:13.400 --> 0:16:17.320 comfortable exploring without something to hold on to. I don't 0:16:17.320 --> 0:16:21.080 want to abuse your trust by speculating wildly and getting 0:16:21.120 --> 0:16:26.080 reckless with the facts. But then I realized this is 0:16:26.120 --> 0:16:30.720 a very unusual set of circumstances. Normally, a government would 0:16:30.760 --> 0:16:35.760 never admit to state sponsored terrorism. They all do it, 0:16:35.840 --> 0:16:39.760 but nobody admits it, and if you ever do prove it, 0:16:39.760 --> 0:16:43.000 it's nothing short of a miracle. You need leaked documents 0:16:43.000 --> 0:16:47.600 and deathbed confessions. But the South Africa of nineteen ninety 0:16:47.640 --> 0:16:51.520 five wasn't really the same South Africa that had existed 0:16:51.600 --> 0:16:56.640 until nineteen ninety four. This government wasn't admitting to its 0:16:56.640 --> 0:17:00.800 own crimes the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was an unusually 0:17:00.800 --> 0:17:05.239 transparent look at the nation's past, and they admitted it. 0:17:06.600 --> 0:17:09.320 There is an entire chapter of the Truth and Reconciliation 0:17:09.400 --> 0:17:15.159 Commission final report called secret State Funding. And according to 0:17:15.160 --> 0:17:19.359 the report, Oxi Coontra four thirty five, the group behind 0:17:19.400 --> 0:17:21.520 the attack at the UN offices in Autyo in nineteen 0:17:21.520 --> 0:17:24.760 eighty nine, is believed to have been entirely a creation 0:17:24.960 --> 0:17:30.520 of funded by the South African government. At least one 0:17:30.560 --> 0:17:33.000 of the men involved was later confirmed to have been 0:17:33.000 --> 0:17:37.199 an operative of the South African Civil Cooperation Bureau, an 0:17:37.240 --> 0:17:40.640 odd name for what was essentially government sponsored death squads. 0:17:42.400 --> 0:17:44.760 And I tell you that now so you can draw 0:17:44.800 --> 0:17:47.880 your own conclusions later in the story when things get 0:17:47.880 --> 0:17:52.240 a little murkier. So just keep that in the back 0:17:52.280 --> 0:17:57.359 of your mind for now. It wasn't long after the 0:17:57.400 --> 0:17:59.920 attack on Autio that members of Oxi Contra for thirty 0:18:00.160 --> 0:18:04.760 five started getting arrested. Although the group's name disappears from 0:18:04.800 --> 0:18:08.840 the conversation pretty quickly, the men who carried out that 0:18:08.880 --> 0:18:12.480 attack were members of other groups too. Specifically, they were 0:18:12.480 --> 0:18:16.600 all members of the Africaner Resistance movement. The AWB led 0:18:16.600 --> 0:18:20.399 by Eugene terre Blanche. The first to be arrested were 0:18:20.400 --> 0:18:25.600 two South African citizens, Arthur Archer and Craig Barker, and 0:18:25.640 --> 0:18:30.159 a German mercenary named Horst Clens. South Africans Darrell stopped 0:18:30.160 --> 0:18:35.280 Forth and Leonard Winendhal were arrested soon after. By October 0:18:35.320 --> 0:18:37.480 of nineteen eighty nine, two months after the attack, and 0:18:37.560 --> 0:18:42.080 out Yo five men had been arrested. Charges against Craig 0:18:42.119 --> 0:18:44.480 Barker were dropped early on, and the charges against Arthur 0:18:44.600 --> 0:18:48.439 Archer were dropped after he agreed to cooperate, And so 0:18:48.480 --> 0:18:53.000 in December of nineteen eighty nine, it's just three Nandhl 0:18:53.359 --> 0:18:57.000 Cleans and stop Foth were officially charged with murder in 0:18:57.040 --> 0:19:01.480 a Namibian court. The courthouse was a three hour drive 0:19:01.520 --> 0:19:04.800 from the prison where the men were being held. After 0:19:04.840 --> 0:19:07.400 the hearing, Leonard Venadal asked to use the bathroom before 0:19:07.400 --> 0:19:09.600 they were loaded back into the transport van to return 0:19:09.640 --> 0:19:12.960 to their cells. And this is one of those moments 0:19:13.000 --> 0:19:15.680 where it's useful to bear in mind that the Truth 0:19:15.720 --> 0:19:19.879 and Reconciliation Commission names Leonard Venandal as a known operative 0:19:20.119 --> 0:19:24.560 of the Civil Cooperation Bureau, those government sponsored death squads 0:19:25.560 --> 0:19:28.680 and he's named as an operative of the CCB, specifically 0:19:28.720 --> 0:19:33.240 in connection with these events in Namibia. So with that 0:19:33.320 --> 0:19:36.800 in mind, Leonard Venandal goes to the bathroom of the 0:19:36.840 --> 0:19:40.560 courthouse and he somehow knows to take the top off 0:19:40.600 --> 0:19:44.719 the tank of a particular toilet. Someone had left him 0:19:44.720 --> 0:19:49.000 a gift in there, a pistol, and he takes the 0:19:49.000 --> 0:19:50.720 gun out of the toilet and he tucks it away 0:19:50.720 --> 0:19:52.640 and allows himself to be placed back in the van. 0:19:54.760 --> 0:19:56.800 About three quarters the way through the drive back to 0:19:56.840 --> 0:20:00.600 the jail, somewhere in the middle of nowhere, the men 0:20:00.640 --> 0:20:03.440 insisted that they just couldn't hold it any longer. They 0:20:03.520 --> 0:20:06.639 needed to stop to go to the bathroom, and the 0:20:06.680 --> 0:20:10.879 two Namibian police officers agreed. They pulled over and they 0:20:10.920 --> 0:20:12.800 let their three prisoners out to pee on the side 0:20:12.800 --> 0:20:17.840 of the road, and then suddenly another vehicle appeared. It 0:20:17.920 --> 0:20:22.040 stopped and two men got out, and Vinadel produced the 0:20:22.040 --> 0:20:24.239 pistol from his hiding place, and the two officers were 0:20:24.280 --> 0:20:29.440 overpowered by the three prisoners and their two accomplices. Constable 0:20:29.520 --> 0:20:31.879 Ricardo van Wick was shot on the stomach and later died. 0:20:33.119 --> 0:20:35.720 The surviving officer was forced at gunpoint into the back 0:20:35.720 --> 0:20:37.840 of the van, which the prisoners drove half an hour 0:20:37.880 --> 0:20:41.600 off the main road before abandoning it. And then they disappeared, 0:20:41.600 --> 0:20:58.879 and the vehicle driven by their accomplices, and they really 0:20:58.880 --> 0:21:03.800 did disappear. Darrel stopped Forth, Leonard Fiennandal, and Horse Glens 0:21:04.000 --> 0:21:07.560 had murdered a UN security guard and an Amibian police officer. 0:21:08.840 --> 0:21:11.439 They were supposed to have gone on trial in Namibia, 0:21:11.920 --> 0:21:17.040 but they vanished for a little while anyway. Just a 0:21:17.040 --> 0:21:20.040 few short months later, both Leonard Fiennindal and Darrel Stopforth 0:21:20.080 --> 0:21:23.760 came out of hiding. They were home in South Africa, 0:21:24.720 --> 0:21:27.080 and South Africa had no extradition treaty with the newly 0:21:27.119 --> 0:21:31.200 independent nation of Namibia. There were warrants for their arrest there, 0:21:31.240 --> 0:21:35.800 but there was nothing anyone could really do. Nadal said 0:21:35.840 --> 0:21:38.760 in a public statement a few months after his escape, 0:21:38.840 --> 0:21:40.920 I have now returned to my family and I'm going 0:21:40.920 --> 0:21:43.560 to devote myself full time to the cause as the 0:21:43.560 --> 0:21:47.800 revolution is here. A photo of Venandal taken around that 0:21:47.840 --> 0:21:51.080 time shows him wearing his AWB uniform and holding his 0:21:51.119 --> 0:21:55.920 newborn son. He'd named the boy Daryl, presumably to honor 0:21:56.040 --> 0:21:58.959 Darrel stop Forth, the man he'd just committed two murders 0:21:59.000 --> 0:22:02.720 with and there's an odd thing I keep seeing these 0:22:02.720 --> 0:22:06.600 guys do as I'm researching this story. They have this 0:22:06.680 --> 0:22:09.520 strange fondness for giving interviews when they're supposed to be 0:22:09.520 --> 0:22:13.679 in hiding on the run from the law. When it 0:22:13.680 --> 0:22:16.440 was announced in September of nineteen eighty nine, a month 0:22:16.480 --> 0:22:18.919 after the attack and out YO that Leonard Venadal had 0:22:18.960 --> 0:22:22.399 been arrested, a reporter in South Africa came forward with 0:22:22.440 --> 0:22:27.120 a pretty wild story. While Venondal had been on the run, 0:22:27.240 --> 0:22:29.080 he'd taken the time to sit down for a two 0:22:29.080 --> 0:22:33.600 hour interview with a reporter, and in that interview he 0:22:33.720 --> 0:22:38.080 spoke openly about his membership in the AWB. That fact 0:22:38.080 --> 0:22:41.879 alone wasn't really a secret. He was Eugene Tablanche's personal bodyguard, 0:22:42.400 --> 0:22:44.320 and he was the leader of the Johannesburg branch of 0:22:44.359 --> 0:22:47.439 the group. But he also claimed there had been a 0:22:47.480 --> 0:22:52.840 split within Aquala, the militant arm of AWB, with some 0:22:52.880 --> 0:22:56.639 members openly declaring their willingness and intent to die for 0:22:56.680 --> 0:23:00.720 the cause, forming a sort of Kamakazi unit that planned 0:23:00.720 --> 0:23:05.280 to carry out high profile assassinations. He also showed the 0:23:05.280 --> 0:23:10.520 reporter a small circular placard of sorts with a picture 0:23:10.600 --> 0:23:16.399 of a wolf. The reporter Yu hung Kus just looked 0:23:16.400 --> 0:23:19.800 at it with disbelief, and he said, there's no such 0:23:19.840 --> 0:23:23.800 thing as the White Wolves, and vin ad all smiled 0:23:23.840 --> 0:23:31.840 at him and replied, believe me, they exist. The White 0:23:31.840 --> 0:23:38.000 Wolves probably didn't exist, not really, not then anyway, not 0:23:38.320 --> 0:23:42.160 in any way that really means anything. I guess they 0:23:42.600 --> 0:23:45.240 kind of did, in the sense that if someone were 0:23:45.280 --> 0:23:47.360 to carry out a series of bombings and then call 0:23:47.440 --> 0:23:49.359 the newspaper to say that the White Wolves did it, 0:23:50.280 --> 0:23:54.760 you sort of retroactively created the idea of a group 0:23:55.359 --> 0:23:59.560 that could be imagined to exist, because Venadel would later 0:23:59.600 --> 0:24:03.679 be connect to an attempt to do just that. But 0:24:03.720 --> 0:24:08.159 by most accounts, the White Wolves wasn't a terrorist organization 0:24:08.320 --> 0:24:13.920 that actually existed. But in September of nineteen eighty nine, 0:24:14.720 --> 0:24:17.400 as he's sitting there with this reporter from the Sunday Times, 0:24:18.520 --> 0:24:22.119 everyone in South Africa had heard of the White Wolf, 0:24:23.240 --> 0:24:27.880 at least in the singular. Earlier that year, a former 0:24:27.960 --> 0:24:31.600 policeman who called himself the White Wolf had been sentenced 0:24:31.640 --> 0:24:36.239 to death. He was a former policeman because he'd been 0:24:36.280 --> 0:24:39.359 dismissed a year earlier. After opposing for a photo holding 0:24:39.359 --> 0:24:41.760 the severed head of a black man who had died 0:24:41.800 --> 0:24:45.200 in a gruesome car accident. He tried to submit the 0:24:45.200 --> 0:24:49.360 photo for publication in a police magazine, but they declined 0:24:49.400 --> 0:24:52.880 to publish it. He'd joined a to w B at 0:24:52.920 --> 0:24:57.920 just sixteen, with his father's support and encouragement. He'd been 0:24:57.920 --> 0:25:01.120 sentenced to die for something he did. November of nineteen 0:25:01.200 --> 0:25:05.280 eighty eight, one afternoon, a twenty three year old named 0:25:05.280 --> 0:25:09.199 Baron Stredam put on his custom belt buckle engraved with 0:25:09.240 --> 0:25:14.000 the words white wolf and Afrikaans. He barked his car 0:25:14.040 --> 0:25:17.520 near a busy city square in downtown Pretoria, and he 0:25:17.560 --> 0:25:22.600 got out, and he started walking, and then he started shooting. 0:25:23.920 --> 0:25:27.520 On the day of the massacre, he just walked for 0:25:27.640 --> 0:25:32.760 several blocks, just shooting black people at random. He murdered 0:25:32.800 --> 0:25:38.400 eight people and wounded sixteen others, and every survivor says 0:25:38.440 --> 0:25:46.280 the same thing. He smiled the entire time. Bradley Stein 0:25:46.400 --> 0:25:48.760 was just seventeen years old that day and he was 0:25:48.760 --> 0:25:51.840 on his way home from rugby practice when he saw Stridum. 0:25:53.520 --> 0:25:56.359 He didn't understand at first what he was looking at. 0:25:57.280 --> 0:25:59.760 This man with a gun must be a police officer. 0:26:00.200 --> 0:26:03.439 He must be trying to catch a bad guy. But 0:26:03.520 --> 0:26:05.399 then he saw Stridem walk up to an old woman 0:26:05.440 --> 0:26:09.199 carrying groceries, and without saying a word, Stritem shot her 0:26:09.200 --> 0:26:13.400 in the head. At that moment, a black teenager called 0:26:13.440 --> 0:26:15.840 out to stein beckoning him over to the bench he 0:26:15.880 --> 0:26:19.199 was hiding behind, and the two teens hid behind the 0:26:19.200 --> 0:26:24.000 bench together, but Stridum found them. He shot the black boy. 0:26:25.800 --> 0:26:29.720 As Steyne, who's white, cradled this bleeding stranger in his lap. 0:26:29.800 --> 0:26:33.800 He looked up at Stridam and asked him why. 0:26:36.040 --> 0:26:38.080 Then I turned up to him and I said, who 0:26:38.119 --> 0:26:42.040 com duniate that? Why are you doing this? And he said, 0:26:42.240 --> 0:26:46.040 agduned it for it two cooms for we sight africananners, 0:26:46.359 --> 0:26:49.359 which means I'm doing this for the future of white 0:26:49.359 --> 0:26:50.840 South Africans. 0:26:54.080 --> 0:26:58.000 Stridum never fired at a white person. The shooting only 0:26:58.000 --> 0:27:02.440 stopped when a black taxi driver named Simon Mucondeley tapped 0:27:02.480 --> 0:27:06.080 Stritum on the shoulder while he was reloading. He must 0:27:06.080 --> 0:27:08.879 have caught the killer off guard because as Stridem turned round, 0:27:09.080 --> 0:27:11.520 Mucondeley was able to grab the gun out of his hands. 0:27:13.320 --> 0:27:16.760 As I was reading about Stridem's murders. It felt so 0:27:16.920 --> 0:27:21.639