WEBVTT - S01 Episode 2: Resurrected Dreams (RERUN) 0:00:00.120 --> 0:00:04.560 Hello, This is Richard mclin smith here unexplained. Season seven 0:00:04.640 --> 0:00:07.960 has now finished, but we'll be back on Friday, September 0:00:08.000 --> 0:00:12.119 sixth to begin season eight. In the meantime, I'm replaying 0:00:12.200 --> 0:00:15.720 some of my favorite episodes from the archives. This week, 0:00:16.000 --> 0:00:18.640 we're going right back to the start with one of 0:00:18.640 --> 0:00:22.880 my all time favorite episodes and perhaps the most poignant. 0:00:23.280 --> 0:00:26.840 It was Hemingway who said, all stories if continued far 0:00:27.000 --> 0:00:31.200 enough and in death, But what then, of the stories 0:00:31.240 --> 0:00:35.680 that come after? Every community and a culture from as 0:00:35.720 --> 0:00:39.239 far back as we can remember told stories about what 0:00:39.320 --> 0:00:43.159 awaits us after death. But what might our dreams have 0:00:43.320 --> 0:00:48.880 to do with it? This is Unexplained Season one, episode two, 0:00:49.760 --> 0:01:05.360 Resurrected Dreams. Our ability to comprehend death is in many 0:01:05.360 --> 0:01:08.240 ways what makes us the self aware human beings that 0:01:08.360 --> 0:01:13.560 we are. For some, the realization that our life and 0:01:13.680 --> 0:01:16.120 maybe even all life, may one day come to an 0:01:16.280 --> 0:01:19.840 end can be a paralyzing fear. For all of us, 0:01:20.160 --> 0:01:25.160 it is the greatest of mysteries. The law of conversion 0:01:25.240 --> 0:01:30.399 dictates that energy can neither die nor be created. Instead, 0:01:30.600 --> 0:01:34.319 it merely changes from one form to another. So although 0:01:34.319 --> 0:01:36.679 there is little doubt what fate awaits us all in 0:01:36.720 --> 0:01:41.440 a material sense. Understanding what happens to our consciousness beyond 0:01:41.520 --> 0:01:45.199 that zero point has proved an altogether more difficult beast 0:01:45.360 --> 0:01:48.680 to pin down. It is an unknown that cause into 0:01:48.760 --> 0:01:54.240 question the very nature of consciousness itself. In his studies 0:01:54.280 --> 0:01:58.240 of dream theory, the psychiatrist car Jung draws the distinction 0:01:58.400 --> 0:02:03.919 between personal dreams and larger, more universal dreams. The theory 0:02:04.040 --> 0:02:08.320 suggests the possible existence of some kind of collective unconscious, 0:02:08.360 --> 0:02:11.480 a condition that he believed was demonstrated by a set 0:02:11.480 --> 0:02:14.480 of archetypes that we are all prone to recognize from 0:02:14.520 --> 0:02:19.240 our deepest unconscious states. When put like that, it's hard 0:02:19.280 --> 0:02:22.760 not to wonder just whose dreams exactly are we dreaming? 0:02:25.680 --> 0:02:36.960 You're listening to Unexplained, and I'm Richard MacLean Smith. It 0:02:37.000 --> 0:02:41.320 could be said that all stories are ultimately about one thing, death, 0:02:42.280 --> 0:02:44.600 none more so than the stories we tell each other 0:02:44.720 --> 0:02:48.280 concerning what awaits us after life. It is a theme 0:02:48.320 --> 0:02:51.320 that can be found in stories told across every community 0:02:51.320 --> 0:02:54.080 and culture from as far back as we can remember. 0:02:55.639 --> 0:02:58.840 For Western and Middle Eastern cultures, these stories have tended 0:02:58.880 --> 0:03:01.919 to promote the idea of some form of continued life 0:03:02.120 --> 0:03:06.160 that remains true to our personal sense of ourselves. Where 0:03:06.200 --> 0:03:08.919 we end up is dependent on our actions in life, 0:03:09.240 --> 0:03:13.040 with the options invariably divided between either a heaven or 0:03:13.080 --> 0:03:17.680 a hell. For the ancient Greeks, you might find yourself 0:03:17.720 --> 0:03:20.720 traveling across the River Styx before being led to the 0:03:20.800 --> 0:03:25.440 veil of Mourning or the fields of Elysium. For the Egyptians, 0:03:25.919 --> 0:03:29.280 entry to the paradisiacal aru was granted only to those 0:03:29.320 --> 0:03:31.920 whose heart was as light as the ostrich feather that 0:03:32.040 --> 0:03:37.080 belonged to the goddess ma Art. For followers of Far 0:03:37.160 --> 0:03:41.840 Eastern teachings such as Hinduism, Taoism, and Buddhism, it is 0:03:41.920 --> 0:03:46.360 belief in Samsara which holds sway the infinite cycle of birth, 0:03:46.760 --> 0:03:50.040 life and death, or what is more commonly known as 0:03:50.040 --> 0:04:00.640 a reincarnation. Some believe that proof of reincarnate can be 0:04:00.680 --> 0:04:05.320 found through the practice of past life regression. Although common 0:04:05.400 --> 0:04:08.760 in ancient India, it wasn't until the teachings of occultist 0:04:08.840 --> 0:04:12.760 and founder of the Theosophical Society Elena Bulatsky that the 0:04:12.800 --> 0:04:18.920 idea gained prominence in modern European society. Famous accounts such 0:04:18.920 --> 0:04:22.680 as those of Wisconsin housewife Virginia Tie, who claim to 0:04:22.720 --> 0:04:26.239 have lived as a nineteenth century Irish woman named Bridie Murphy, 0:04:26.600 --> 0:04:31.039 helped to bring this controversial phenomenon into the mainstream. However, 0:04:31.520 --> 0:04:34.839 many such accounts have been latterly dismissed as simple cases 0:04:34.880 --> 0:04:38.760 of false memories recollections of names and places that have 0:04:38.760 --> 0:04:43.440 been subconsciously absorbed. But there are a few cases that 0:04:43.520 --> 0:04:47.000 have not been so easy to dismiss, cases that have 0:04:47.040 --> 0:04:57.120 nothing to do with hypnotic regression. On the fifth of 0:04:57.160 --> 0:05:00.440 May nineteen fifty seven, in the north of England, a 0:05:00.440 --> 0:05:03.560 beautiful spring day is breaking over the quiet market town 0:05:03.680 --> 0:05:07.880 of Hexham. John and Florence Pollock are busy reading their 0:05:07.960 --> 0:05:13.040 children for church. Their two daughters, Joanna seven and Jacqueline eleven, 0:05:13.279 --> 0:05:16.159 are especially excited by the promise of an afternoon trip 0:05:16.320 --> 0:05:21.400 to their favorite playground. On hearing the door bell, Jacqueline 0:05:21.400 --> 0:05:24.640 answers the door to find her young friend Anthony standing 0:05:24.680 --> 0:05:28.880 on the doorstep. He invites Joanna and Jacqueline to walk 0:05:28.880 --> 0:05:33.120 with him up to the church. Although they would usually 0:05:33.120 --> 0:05:36.080 travel to Saint Mary's as a family, John and Florence 0:05:36.160 --> 0:05:38.680 saw no reason not to let the three young children 0:05:38.800 --> 0:05:42.920 walk on ahead. As the loving parents waved them off. 0:05:43.360 --> 0:05:46.239 They couldn't possibly have known the tragedy that was about 0:05:46.279 --> 0:05:50.880 to befall them. On the other side of town, a 0:05:50.920 --> 0:05:54.960 woman's life was spiraling out of control. It's not known 0:05:54.960 --> 0:05:58.520 if Marjorie Wynn had always suffered from severe depression, but 0:05:58.600 --> 0:06:02.120 clearly the death of her husband five years previously had 0:06:02.160 --> 0:06:06.520 been a crippling blow. Despite moving to Hexham for a 0:06:06.560 --> 0:06:10.440 fresh start, things became worse after Marjorie was judged too 0:06:10.480 --> 0:06:14.680 ill to retain custody of her two teenage daughters. It 0:06:14.800 --> 0:06:20.120 was to prove the final straw. Considering how uncommon it 0:06:20.279 --> 0:06:22.560 was for a mother to lose custody of her children 0:06:22.640 --> 0:06:25.800 at this time, it's not hard to speculate on Marjorie's 0:06:25.800 --> 0:06:28.560 state of mind as she stepped into her car that 0:06:28.600 --> 0:06:32.920 fateful Sunday morning, A state of mind not helped by 0:06:32.920 --> 0:06:35.760 the bottle of painkillers and barbiturates that she had just 0:06:35.839 --> 0:06:41.599 before ingested. As the three young children walked hand in 0:06:41.640 --> 0:06:46.080 hand towards the church, Marjorie's car turned speedily into the road. 0:06:47.680 --> 0:06:50.719 As it neared the children, it swung into the opposite lane, 0:06:51.120 --> 0:06:55.160 jumped the curb, and careered straight into them. There was 0:06:55.200 --> 0:06:57.960 a moment of stun silence before the first screens of 0:06:58.000 --> 0:07:03.720 onlookers cut through the air. Joanna and Jacqueline were killed instantly. 0:07:04.480 --> 0:07:06.880 Nine year old Anthony Leyden, who had been due to 0:07:06.920 --> 0:07:10.000 act as older boy that morning, died in the ambulance 0:07:10.200 --> 0:07:15.800 on the way to the hospital. After a short police investigation, 0:07:16.400 --> 0:07:19.720 Marjorie was committed to a psychiatric unit after it was 0:07:19.720 --> 0:07:25.080 found that her actions had been deliberate. In the days 0:07:25.080 --> 0:07:28.520 that followed, the small, close knit community was united in 0:07:28.560 --> 0:07:32.160 its grief for the young victims. For John and Florence Pollock, 0:07:32.480 --> 0:07:35.360 the parents of Joanna and Jacqueline, the sense of loss 0:07:35.360 --> 0:07:41.680 would have been unimaginable. For two devout Catholics. There was 0:07:41.720 --> 0:07:44.000 some solace to be found in the belief that their 0:07:44.080 --> 0:07:46.520 two girls might, at the very least now be in 0:07:46.560 --> 0:07:50.480 a better place. It makes what happened next or the 0:07:50.520 --> 0:07:53.920 more extraordinary, and is a mystery that remains to this 0:07:54.080 --> 0:08:05.960 day unexplained. After an incredibly difficult eight months, the polyx 0:08:06.000 --> 0:08:09.040 grief was somewhat lifted when Florence discovered that she was 0:08:09.080 --> 0:08:13.000 pregnant again. The couple could not have been more delighted 0:08:13.040 --> 0:08:17.560 by the news. However, not long into the pregnancy, John 0:08:17.560 --> 0:08:22.360 developed a peculiar feeling about the impending birth. Despite being 0:08:22.400 --> 0:08:25.360 told by the obstetrician that there was only one beating 0:08:25.440 --> 0:08:29.400 heart inside Florence's womb, John was insistent that she would 0:08:29.400 --> 0:08:33.720 give birth to a set of twins. Sure enough, much 0:08:33.760 --> 0:08:37.120 to the surprise of everybody except John, on the fourth 0:08:37.160 --> 0:08:40.680 of October nineteen fifty eight, Florence gave birth to two 0:08:40.760 --> 0:08:49.280 baby girls, later named Jillian and Jennifer. The twins were monozygotic, 0:08:49.679 --> 0:08:53.040 or what is more commonly known as identical, having developed 0:08:53.040 --> 0:08:57.800 from the same egg, and yet they showed remarkable physical differences, 0:08:58.520 --> 0:09:06.080 differences that correllid perfectly to Joanna and Jacqueline. One morning, 0:09:06.400 --> 0:09:10.440 while looking after young Jennifer, John noticed a peculiar mark 0:09:10.520 --> 0:09:14.360 on her forehead, just above the nose. The mark was 0:09:14.400 --> 0:09:17.800 identical to a scar that Jacqueline had received after falling 0:09:17.800 --> 0:09:21.800 from her tricycle when she was two years old. The 0:09:21.880 --> 0:09:24.680 mark may well have gone unnoticed if it wasn't for 0:09:24.720 --> 0:09:28.160 the fact that Jennifer had also reasonably developed a very 0:09:28.200 --> 0:09:32.360 distinct birthmark on her left hip. The brown coloring of 0:09:32.400 --> 0:09:36.480 the skin, shaped like a thumbprint, was indistinguishable from a 0:09:36.520 --> 0:09:39.760 birthmark that Jacqueline once had in the exact same spot, 0:09:40.440 --> 0:09:46.600 and the similarities did not end there. Despite being identical, 0:09:47.080 --> 0:09:51.319 Jillian's body was slender like Joanna, whereas Jennifer was stocky 0:09:51.559 --> 0:09:56.920 like Jacqueline. Where Jillian's gait was supply footed, again like Joanna, 0:09:57.440 --> 0:10:02.200 Jennifer's was ordinary, just like Jacqueline. And it wasn't only 0:10:02.240 --> 0:10:06.960 their physical attributes. Their personalities, too, seemed to precisely mirror 0:10:07.040 --> 0:10:11.480 those of their two deceased sisters. Joanna, who had been 0:10:11.520 --> 0:10:14.920 older by four years, was naturally more mature and protective 0:10:15.000 --> 0:10:19.360 over Jacqueline, although Gillian was only ten minutes older than Jennifer. 0:10:19.840 --> 0:10:24.880 Their relationship exhibited the very same dynamic. But it wasn't 0:10:24.920 --> 0:10:27.320 until the girls were able to speak that things would 0:10:27.320 --> 0:10:37.959 turn very strange. Indeed, three months after the twins were born, 0:10:38.559 --> 0:10:41.160 John and Florence moved the family to the nearby town 0:10:41.200 --> 0:10:44.240 of Whitley Bay. When they took the girls to visit 0:10:44.280 --> 0:10:49.280 Hexham a few years later, something extraordinary occurred. As John recounts, 0:10:49.960 --> 0:10:51.840 as he was walking with the twins up the hill 0:10:52.160 --> 0:10:55.360 towards Saint Mary's Church, one turned to the other and said, 0:10:55.880 --> 0:10:57.800 the school is up here where we used to go 0:10:57.840 --> 0:11:02.200 to and just around the back is the playground. At 0:11:02.240 --> 0:11:04.760 the time, not only would they have been too small 0:11:04.840 --> 0:11:07.240 to see the school from where they were standing, but 0:11:07.280 --> 0:11:11.400 there was also a large wall obscuring their view. Then, 0:11:11.559 --> 0:11:14.400 as they passed the church, the children continued to point 0:11:14.400 --> 0:11:18.200 out landmarks that they would never have seen before. They 0:11:18.240 --> 0:11:21.160 pointed out the grounds of Hexham Abbey and demanded to 0:11:21.240 --> 0:11:24.160 visit their favorite playground that was located on the far 0:11:24.320 --> 0:11:29.040 side of the hill. For John, the evidence was undeniable. 0:11:29.960 --> 0:11:32.760 Joanna and Jacqueline had been returned to them in the 0:11:32.800 --> 0:11:38.079 form of Gillian and Jennifer. Florence, on the other hand, 0:11:38.240 --> 0:11:42.240 refused to believe, to accept the bizarre events and startling 0:11:42.240 --> 0:11:48.160 coincidences as evidence of reincarnation was in short heresy. The 0:11:48.160 --> 0:11:51.360 more committed Catholic of the pair, she was determined that 0:11:51.400 --> 0:11:55.400 nothing would break her core belief. But all that was 0:11:55.400 --> 0:12:02.520 about to change. Anna and Jacqueline died. Florence found it 0:12:02.559 --> 0:12:06.600 too unbearable to be surrounded by their things, in particular 0:12:06.920 --> 0:12:09.160 their toys that had once been such a symbol of 0:12:09.240 --> 0:12:12.080 joy and life that were now just reminders of the 0:12:12.120 --> 0:12:16.400 horrific tragedy, so she packed them into a box and 0:12:16.440 --> 0:12:19.760 stored them away in the attic. By the time the 0:12:19.800 --> 0:12:22.800 twins were four, Florence felt able again to live with 0:12:22.840 --> 0:12:27.000 the toys and retrieved them from their storage with the 0:12:27.040 --> 0:12:30.680 twins beside her. She opened the box and was astonished 0:12:30.720 --> 0:12:32.920 that the two girls were able to name every one 0:12:32.960 --> 0:12:35.360 of the toys that used to belong to their sisters. 0:12:36.880 --> 0:12:39.360 But it wasn't until Florence came across a far more 0:12:39.400 --> 0:12:48.080 disturbing scene that her mind was finally made up. Approaching 0:12:48.120 --> 0:12:51.680 the children's playroom one morning, Florence heard the twins in 0:12:51.760 --> 0:12:56.240 quiet conversation amongst themselves. What she saw when she looked 0:12:56.280 --> 0:13:00.720 into the room has haunted her to this day. There 0:13:00.760 --> 0:13:03.679 on the floor lay Jennifer with her arms and legs 0:13:03.679 --> 0:13:07.600 sprawled out, as Gillian crouched down beside her and cradled 0:13:07.640 --> 0:13:11.319 her head in her hands. The blood is coming out 0:13:11.360 --> 0:13:14.680 of your eyes, she said, that's where the car hit you. 0:13:22.080 --> 0:13:25.080 In nineteen sixty two, the story of the Pollock Twins 0:13:25.240 --> 0:13:27.920 was brought to the attention of US Canadian professor of 0:13:27.960 --> 0:13:33.880 psychiatry Ian Stephenson. Stephenson, from the University of Virginia's School 0:13:33.920 --> 0:13:37.880 of Medicine, had developed an international reputation for his investigations 0:13:37.920 --> 0:13:42.319 into alleged cases of reincarnation. He had even created a 0:13:42.360 --> 0:13:46.240 specialized department known as the Division of Perceptual Studies to 0:13:46.320 --> 0:13:51.160 better conduct his research. Despite the oddity of his work, 0:13:51.600 --> 0:13:55.640 Professor Stephenson was well respected in the psychiatric community, at 0:13:55.640 --> 0:13:58.280 one time, being described in the Journal of the American 0:13:58.320 --> 0:14:03.040 Academy of Child and Adeless Psychiatry as a distinguished psychiatrist 0:14:03.160 --> 0:14:08.080 and scholar. For Stephenson, what stood out most about the 0:14:08.080 --> 0:14:12.760 Pollock's story was its provenance. In post war Britain, the 0:14:12.840 --> 0:14:16.400 notion of reincarnation was still a fairly alien concept, more 0:14:16.440 --> 0:14:20.120 commonly reserved for followers of the exotic Eastern philosophies of 0:14:20.200 --> 0:14:25.480 Hinduism and Buddhism. For a devout Catholic couple to announce 0:14:25.480 --> 0:14:28.440 in nineteen sixty two that their daughters were living proof 0:14:28.480 --> 0:14:34.200 of reincarnation was truly remarkable. Stephenson, who studied the family 0:14:34.240 --> 0:14:37.640 from nineteen sixty four to nineteen eighty five, was also 0:14:37.680 --> 0:14:41.800 particularly interested in the scar and birthmark found on Jennifer's body. 0:14:42.440 --> 0:14:45.880 The transference of such marks had become a recurring feature 0:14:46.000 --> 0:14:49.640 in many of his case studies. The fact that Jennifer 0:14:49.680 --> 0:14:53.920 and Jillian were supposedly monozygotic, made the existence of Jennifer's 0:14:53.920 --> 0:15:03.920 marks all the more compelling. In spite of all this evidence, 0:15:04.360 --> 0:15:06.680 it would be far too simple to declare the story 0:15:06.680 --> 0:15:09.000 of the Pollock twins as an open and shut case 0:15:09.200 --> 0:15:13.120 for the existence of reincarnation. It would, of course not 0:15:13.240 --> 0:15:16.160 be beyond the realms of possibility that the magnitude of 0:15:16.240 --> 0:15:19.160 John and Florence's grief may have played a large part. 0:15:20.440 --> 0:15:22.840 Wanting to believe that their daughters had in some way 0:15:22.880 --> 0:15:25.480 been returned to them would have, no doubt, brought a 0:15:25.480 --> 0:15:30.200 great comfort as well, a point frequently left out of 0:15:30.280 --> 0:15:32.680 the story, as that John and Florence were not only 0:15:32.680 --> 0:15:36.120 the parents of two girls, but in fact had six children, 0:15:36.640 --> 0:15:41.680 with the twins sharing their home with four brothers. Although 0:15:41.680 --> 0:15:45.120 the parents maintain that they never openly discussed their recently 0:15:45.120 --> 0:15:47.920 deceased daughters, it is hard to believe that the four 0:15:47.960 --> 0:15:52.880 boys kept an equally quiet council. It would be impossible 0:15:52.920 --> 0:15:55.280 to tell just what may or may not have been 0:15:55.320 --> 0:15:58.480 projected onto the conscious or even subconscious minds of the 0:15:58.520 --> 0:16:01.640 young twins. Growing up under the shadow of such a 0:16:01.680 --> 0:16:07.800 harrowing family tragedy, it is also known that John became 0:16:07.880 --> 0:16:11.240 interested in the idea of reincarnation some time before the 0:16:11.280 --> 0:16:14.400 death of his daughters, so much so, in fact, that 0:16:14.480 --> 0:16:17.560 he had begun to question his commitment to his Catholic faith. 0:16:19.040 --> 0:16:22.800 And yet it seems extraordinary that a set of genetically 0:16:22.840 --> 0:16:26.720 identical twins drawn from the same egg would exhibit such 0:16:26.760 --> 0:16:30.560 fundamental differences at such an early stage, both physically and 0:16:30.640 --> 0:16:35.800 in terms of personality. Doctor Jim Tucker, a research partner 0:16:35.840 --> 0:16:39.400 of Professor Stevenson, has also pointed out that for Florence, 0:16:39.560 --> 0:16:42.120 it was a constant struggle to reconcile the evidence of 0:16:42.160 --> 0:16:45.440 her own eyes with the church's edict that belief in 0:16:45.520 --> 0:16:50.480 reincarnation was a mortal sin. The possibility that the girls 0:16:50.480 --> 0:16:54.800 had been reincarnated brought no comfort to her whatsoever, and 0:16:54.880 --> 0:16:59.120 as such she should be regarded as an excellent, impartial witness. 0:17:00.000 --> 0:17:02.880 By nineteen eighty five, the Pollock twins had ceased to 0:17:02.920 --> 0:17:05.399 feel a connection to any sense of a former life, 0:17:05.640 --> 0:17:16.679 and Professor Stephenson's studies came to an inconclusive end. In 0:17:16.720 --> 0:17:21.000 ancient Aboriginal culture, people speak of something known as eternal dreaming. 0:17:21.880 --> 0:17:25.119 For them, a person's actions during their lifetime have no 0:17:25.240 --> 0:17:28.360 bearing on the destination of their spirit in the afterlife. 0:17:28.920 --> 0:17:32.520 There is no heaven or hell. Rather, they believe in 0:17:32.560 --> 0:17:36.680 the indestructible nature of the human spirit. Although the spirits 0:17:36.680 --> 0:17:40.720 of the recently deceased may retain their individual identities immediately 0:17:40.760 --> 0:17:44.520 after death, it is regarded as only a temporary state. 0:17:46.359 --> 0:17:48.719 Perhaps in life, as far as we know it, we 0:17:48.800 --> 0:17:52.520 might imagine ourselves a version of Kurt Vernigut's hero major 0:17:52.560 --> 0:17:57.159 Alan Rice from the story Thanosphere, Our bodies nothing but 0:17:57.280 --> 0:18:00.480 soft machine receptors, tuning into the lives of the dead 0:18:00.800 --> 0:18:04.240 as they wait to be absorbed into the one universal consciousness. 0:18:05.560 --> 0:18:10.439 Or perhaps the explanation is something else entirely, something that 0:18:10.600 --> 0:18:14.600 might allow for Young's archetypes and the collective unconscious, but 0:18:14.720 --> 0:18:19.280 from a far more material point of view. Prior to 0:18:19.359 --> 0:18:23.000 Charles Darwin's Origins of the Species, another naturalist by the 0:18:23.080 --> 0:18:26.240 name of Jean Baptiste Lamarque had been causing a stir 0:18:26.560 --> 0:18:30.600 with an evolutionary theory of his own. He suggested that 0:18:30.640 --> 0:18:34.400 an organism might pass characteristics to his offspring not only 0:18:34.440 --> 0:18:38.800 through internal genetic mechanisms, but also through external influences that 0:18:38.840 --> 0:18:43.199 it would have been affected by During its lifetime. Although 0:18:43.240 --> 0:18:46.840 the theory known as Lamarckism gained some traction, it was 0:18:46.880 --> 0:18:51.280 widely discredited after the inception of Darwinism, and so it 0:18:51.400 --> 0:18:56.720 was destined to remain. However, a number of recent discoveries 0:18:56.800 --> 0:18:59.840 in the newly fashionable study of epigenetics has led to 0:18:59.880 --> 0:19:04.960 sus somewhat of a Lamarchist comeback, similar to what Lamarque proposed. 0:19:05.560 --> 0:19:09.560 Epigenetics is the study of external and environmental factors on 0:19:09.640 --> 0:19:12.960 the behaviour of genes and their relationship to our cells. 0:19:14.440 --> 0:19:20.359 In twenty thirteen, a paper titled Parental olfactory experience Influenced 0:19:20.400 --> 0:19:24.280 Behavior and Neural structure in Subsequent Generations appeared in the 0:19:24.359 --> 0:19:29.360 leading medical journal Nature. The paper was written by neurobiologist 0:19:29.560 --> 0:19:33.960 Kerry Resler and his research partner Brian Dias. What Wrestler 0:19:34.000 --> 0:19:36.960 and Dias had discovered was that by conditioning a set 0:19:37.000 --> 0:19:40.280 of mice to associate a sent with the specific trauma, 0:19:40.840 --> 0:19:44.280 in this case, a small electrical shock, the fear they 0:19:44.320 --> 0:19:47.800 would then associate with this scent would incredibly be passed 0:19:47.840 --> 0:19:58.639 down to at least two subsequent generations of pubs. Taking 0:19:58.680 --> 0:20:02.879 this extraordinary discovery into account, might it be possible that 0:20:02.960 --> 0:20:06.159 not only do we inherit our grandparents noses and eyebrows, 0:20:06.680 --> 0:20:11.439 but in some way their thoughts as well. For Jillian 0:20:11.480 --> 0:20:15.399 and Jennifer Pollock, is it beyond the realms of possibility that, 0:20:15.560 --> 0:20:19.400 rather than being the reincarnated souls of their recently deceased sisters, 0:20:20.080 --> 0:20:23.919 they had instead merely inherited their parents' own memories of 0:20:23.960 --> 0:20:29.040 their young daughters. There is little doubt that in a 0:20:29.040 --> 0:20:32.720 physiological sense, we are all in some way the reincarnation 0:20:32.840 --> 0:20:36.880 of those that have come before us. But perhaps might 0:20:36.920 --> 0:20:44.720 we also be carrying their dreams as well. This episode 0:20:44.720 --> 0:20:50.240 of Unexplained was produced by me Richard McLain smith. Unexplained 0:20:50.240 --> 0:20:54.679 as an AV Club Productions podcast created by Richard McClain smith. 0:20:55.359 --> 0:20:58.639 All other elements of the podcast, including the music, were 0:20:58.680 --> 0:21:10.960 also produced by me Richard mccleinsmith. There's no such thing 0:21:11.000 --> 0:21:14.639 as a natural myth. Nothing that happens to men is 0:21:14.680 --> 0:21:18.240 ever natural. It's his present scores of her word in question. 0:21:20.320 --> 0:21:23.639 All members die, but for every man is dead as 0:21:23.640 --> 0:21:26.639 an excellent even if he knows it to be sisted 0:21:26.960 --> 0:21:34.880 and adjustable. Violation. Unexplained the book and audiobook with stories 0:21:35.000 --> 0:21:37.919 never before featured on The show is now available to 0:21:37.960 --> 0:21:43.320 buy worldwide. You can purchase from Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Waterstones, 0:21:43.359 --> 0:21:47.160 and other bookstores. Please subscribe to and rate the show 0:21:47.480 --> 0:21:50.560 wherever you get your podcasts. 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