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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to step Mom? Never told

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Speaker 1: you from House Towards dot com? Hold on, welcome to podcast.

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Speaker 1: This is Molly and then Kristen Kristen. Today's topic is

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Speaker 1: women and smoking cigarettes. Women and cigarettes, and uh, there

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Speaker 1: was this really big Surgeon General support in two thousand

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Speaker 1: one that highlighted the fact that of American women smoked cigarettes.

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Speaker 1: And it's kind of interesting just because a mere one

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Speaker 1: hundred years ago, that number would probably would have been

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Speaker 1: like point four percent. Yeah, it would have been really small,

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Speaker 1: because the only people that smoked from about the eighteen

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Speaker 1: you know, from you know, until about nineteen twenties, the

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Speaker 1: nineteen twenties, the only people smoked in public were prostitutes,

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Speaker 1: and well, the only women who smoked in public. Because

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Speaker 1: may I point to a New York Times article in

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Speaker 1: nineteen o one which warned that women's smoking of cigarettes

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Speaker 1: was quote growing to be a menace in this country.

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Speaker 1: And then in nineteen o four, a cop stopped a

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Speaker 1: car on Fifth Avenue because one of the passengers, a woman,

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Speaker 1: was smoking inside. It was that deplorable. And then we

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Speaker 1: fast forward even to nineteen nineteen to a New York

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Speaker 1: Times article quoting a man saying, I hate to see

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Speaker 1: women smoking. Apart from the moral reason, they really don't

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Speaker 1: know how to smoke. One woman smokes, smoking one cigarette

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Speaker 1: at a dinner table will stir up more smoke than

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Speaker 1: a whole table full of men's smoking cigars. Women can't

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Speaker 1: do anything, and certainly not smoked cigarettes. That last part

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Speaker 1: was my parapet So, yeah, women who smoked in public,

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Speaker 1: we're we're loose, we're morally questionable. Men smoked as a

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Speaker 1: very male activity because you had your pipes, your cigars,

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Speaker 1: all these things that women were too delicate to handle. Um,

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Speaker 1: and and it was really you know, it would have

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Speaker 1: just been unseemly for a woman to be seen smoking

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Speaker 1: a cigarette. But then, but then the tobacco companies realized that, hey,

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Speaker 1: we are missing out on half of our potential market share,

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Speaker 1: that's right, and so we have really great advertising campaigns

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Speaker 1: to thank for women's smoking. Hence our question of the day.

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Speaker 1: We're women tricked into smoking, And you know, we don't

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Speaker 1: want to say that. You know, the decision to pick

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Speaker 1: up the cigarette was anyone but the woman's you know,

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Speaker 1: Obviously you've got to take some responsibility for we're not

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Speaker 1: saying women were tricked and you know, the lighter was

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Speaker 1: lit for them and they stuck cigarettes in their mouth. Obviously,

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Speaker 1: any any ad campaign, we make our own decisions. But

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Speaker 1: some pretty great ads were made to entice women to smoke,

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Speaker 1: starting in nine uh, when Lucky Strike put out the

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Speaker 1: campaign reach for Lucky instead of a sweet. And so

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Speaker 1: this is the very first time in which smoking is

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Speaker 1: linked as this weight control tool. Uh. You know, women

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Speaker 1: wanted to be slim, they wanted to fit into their cute,

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Speaker 1: little flapp addresses. So they're saying, hey, instead of eating chocolate,

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Speaker 1: just who you know, keeps the weight off. Yeah. And

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Speaker 1: before then women, attractive women had been used in tobacco marketing,

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Speaker 1: but it was to attract men. Right. They go from

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Speaker 1: this position of using women to entice the men to

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Speaker 1: creating women that other women are going to want to

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Speaker 1: be like. So they're gonna want to be skinny like

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Speaker 1: the models. Hence the Lucky Strike Act. But also same time,

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Speaker 1: we've got going on stuff about women's liberation, the women's movement.

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Speaker 1: World War One had sent women into the workplace for

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Speaker 1: the first time. So women had gotten that little taste

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Speaker 1: of independence. So they took advantage of that and made

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Speaker 1: this independent woman who did smoke. And what they did

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Speaker 1: in nineteen nine was a guy named ebra Burne's so

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Speaker 1: called father of modern public relations, decided to send a

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Speaker 1: whole bunch of these so called independent women down the

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Speaker 1: streets of New York on Easter Sunday, smoking in public, right,

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Speaker 1: and they referred to their cigarettes as torches of freedom

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Speaker 1: to really drive home the point of hey, ladies, we

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Speaker 1: are liberated. And you know how we demonstrate how liberated

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Speaker 1: we are public We smoke a cigarette just like the

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Speaker 1: men do. Yeah, we take up this tool of the men.

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Speaker 1: We throw off this inequality and we will smoke in public.

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Speaker 1: We will not deal with any of these men in

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Speaker 1: the New York Times saying that we can't do it.

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Speaker 1: We are gonna do it. And you know, we'll go

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Speaker 1: in to workplaces and we'll do everything we've got to

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Speaker 1: do to be equal and uh and it worked really well. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: And then I think that the ad campaigns surrounding women

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Speaker 1: and cigarettes are interesting because on you you do have

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Speaker 1: either focus on body image or on liberation. And it's

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Speaker 1: somehow all like worked beautifully it. Did you know, I

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Speaker 1: thought that Virginia slim stuff would be kind of the

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Speaker 1: first stuff where feminism would be tied in with cigarette smoking.

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Speaker 1: But now they're they're going at it from way back

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Speaker 1: in the twenties, and uh, they continue obviously to use

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Speaker 1: these aspirational figures, either the pretty woman that we all

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Speaker 1: want to be or the enlightened modern moment you all

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Speaker 1: want to be, and that does culminate in that add

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Speaker 1: for Virginia Slims. You've come a long way, baby, And

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Speaker 1: people say this is just one of the best ads

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Speaker 1: ever because feminism is is rolling up second way of feminism.

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Speaker 1: People are, you know, it's it's it's prime time to

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Speaker 1: appeal to a modern woman with this kind of slogan

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Speaker 1: and sell her a cigarette especially made for her. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because in the meantime, cigarette companies had done a great

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Speaker 1: job with getting film stars to smoke, getting them free cigarettes.

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Speaker 1: And if you watch films from the thirties, forties, fifties,

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Speaker 1: all the leading ladies, almost all of them are always smoking.

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Speaker 1: People are smoking left and right. Um. But then yeah,

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Speaker 1: with the with Virginia Slims, we have more of the

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Speaker 1: rise of these specifically female like capris and Misties and

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Speaker 1: Virginia Slims cigarettes that are just for women. Yeah, in

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Speaker 1: a hundred and twenty years, we went from prostitutes smoking

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Speaker 1: those being the only one who smoked in public to

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Speaker 1: cigarettes being specifically female and uh and you know, a

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Speaker 1: sign of enlightenment and freedom and all this. And what's

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Speaker 1: interesting is this doesn't end obviously, any good campaign kind

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Speaker 1: of keeps going on with this aspirational marketing of you know,

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Speaker 1: you want to be this person, you want to be

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Speaker 1: thin um. And one really interesting thing that happened is,

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Speaker 1: you know, we've talked about how feminism can be kind

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Speaker 1: of a dirty word in this day and age. Christen

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Speaker 1: like a lot of people don't identify with it anymore.

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Speaker 1: It means something different than it might have met some

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Speaker 1: women in the sixties and seventies. And Virginius Slims has

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Speaker 1: had the same problem with that kind of image this

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Speaker 1: You've come a long way, baby. They found in the

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Speaker 1: nineties that didn't appeal to their target buyer anymore, and

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Speaker 1: they needed to kind of, uh lose that strident feminist

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Speaker 1: tone and take a more empowering tone that didn't you know,

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Speaker 1: rub people the wrong way. Yeah, because their markets you're

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Speaker 1: actually dropped with the decline of I guess, like you said,

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Speaker 1: the popularity or the acceptance of the term feminism and

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Speaker 1: the idea of feminism. But then in two thousand seven,

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Speaker 1: are J. Reynolds came out with a new women targeted cigarette,

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Speaker 1: the Camel Number nine, which were obviously geared towards women

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Speaker 1: because the camel on the cover was pink. They had

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Speaker 1: it had teal piping on it. Even the piping around

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Speaker 1: the filters on the cigarettes were pink. Like I don't

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Speaker 1: want to I don't want to sound like a stereotypical girl,

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Speaker 1: but I don't smoke. And even I thought those cigarettes

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Speaker 1: were pretty, so I mean, you know, they definitely appealed

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Speaker 1: to that kind of feminine demographic. But you know, this

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Speaker 1: has been a very US centric look at how cigarettes

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Speaker 1: have been marketed. And one of the most interesting things

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Speaker 1: that you found, christ and the kind of spurred the

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Speaker 1: whole podcast, is that as countries around the world developed

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Speaker 1: more and try and model themselves in some ways after

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Speaker 1: the US as a developed country, that's when women start smoking. Right.

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Speaker 1: If you look globally at the gender gap in smoking

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Speaker 1: taken as a whole, five times more men smoke than

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Speaker 1: women do. But when you break it down country by country,

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Speaker 1: that gap starts to close depending on how industrialized the

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Speaker 1: nation is. So with the US, the gender gap between

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Speaker 1: men and women who smoke is pretty pretty slim, about

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Speaker 1: roughly as many men and women smoke in the US.

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Speaker 1: But then when you head to very underdeveloped countries, far

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Speaker 1: more men will smoke than women. So there's this analysis

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Speaker 1: of seventy four countries and then it found that UM

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Speaker 1: men are five times more likely to smoke than women

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Speaker 1: in countries with lower rates of female empowerments, such such

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Speaker 1: as China, Indonesia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Uganda. But then

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Speaker 1: as the countries will begin to become more um gender

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Speaker 1: equal in the workplace, with more women getting out of

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Speaker 1: the homes and getting into the workplace, they start to

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Speaker 1: smoke more. And they link it back to this idea

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Speaker 1: of cigarettes targeting women with this message of female empowerment. True,

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Speaker 1: and it's you know, it's the same thing. It's not

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Speaker 1: in the twenties and the seventies, they'll go into these

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Speaker 1: countries and say, hey, you know, in countries where women

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Speaker 1: work like you do, they smoke. They you know, they

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Speaker 1: have a hard day and then they smoke a cigarette,

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Speaker 1: and so that torches a freedom idea is sort of

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Speaker 1: being exported around the world with development, which is so

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Speaker 1: weird but um interesting and I guess, you know, not

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Speaker 1: a great thing to export around the world because there

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Speaker 1: is evidence that smoking cigarettes affects women in more negative

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Speaker 1: ways than it does men. Yeah, the World Health Organization,

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Speaker 1: just for a quick overview, called cigarettes one of the

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Speaker 1: biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. The

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Speaker 1: annual death toll around the world that's linked to tobacco

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Speaker 1: is more than five million, and it's actually rising and

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Speaker 1: could reach eight million by thirty unless smoking stops. Because

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Speaker 1: when you if you were to put um smoking related

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Speaker 1: deaths on a on a pie chart, it is it

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Speaker 1: is only risen in recent decades as the women had

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Speaker 1: started smoking. Smoking became more acceptable in the twenties and thirties.

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Speaker 1: So as they age and they've been smoking for years,

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Speaker 1: they're developing and physy uh uh, and heart problems and

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Speaker 1: lung cancer, and lung cancer is actually a bigger killer

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Speaker 1: of women in the United States than breast cancer. That's right.

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Speaker 1: And there was a really good article in the New

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Speaker 1: York Times about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which was thought

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Speaker 1: of as this men's disease because it was the men

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Speaker 1: who were smoking for so long and having uh this

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Speaker 1: mix of emphysema and bronchitis. But now women are are

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Speaker 1: showing up with those symptoms more. And a really interesting

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Speaker 1: study out of Norway showed that UM, in cases where

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Speaker 1: the level the symptoms of COPD were equal equally bad,

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Speaker 1: the men had smoked for more years than the women,

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Speaker 1: so women didn't have to smoke as long to have

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Speaker 1: a severe as a fair case as men of the

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Speaker 1: cop D. And in men and women who had smoked

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Speaker 1: the same amount of time, the women had more, much

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Speaker 1: more severe cases of COPD. UM, like Kristen said, lung

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Speaker 1: cancer is a big deal. I mean, it's it's hard

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Speaker 1: to think of any disease in which smoking is not

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Speaker 1: a risk factor these days. Um. And there's evidence that

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Speaker 1: women have a harder time quitting, which is a good

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Speaker 1: reason never to start. And um, you know that doesn't

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Speaker 1: even touch on reproductive factors and the dangers that come

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Speaker 1: if you smoke. Called pregnant right, um and just hitting

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Speaker 1: touching back on the issue of quitting. Doctors think that

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Speaker 1: since women are more prone to depression than men, and

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Speaker 1: since with people who are trying to quit smoking, relapse

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Speaker 1: often happens with some type of emotional trigger. You get

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Speaker 1: extremely stressed out, you want to reach for a cigarette

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Speaker 1: because that's when you're crutch in the past, and women

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Speaker 1: might have a harder time grappling with those emotionally triggered urges, right,

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Speaker 1: So they're actually doing some kind of interesting research about

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Speaker 1: ways that they can complement the traditional patch or or

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Speaker 1: you know, gum that you might have for women, so

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Speaker 1: they get a little bit more of their needs met

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Speaker 1: on that emotional side that will keep them from a

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Speaker 1: relapse when they're trying to quip. But one thing to

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Speaker 1: keep in mind is that most people who smoke start

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Speaker 1: when they are teenagers. Um, and of girls in high

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Speaker 1: school smoke, which is more than the American adult women

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Speaker 1: who are smoking, so clearly have it start young. Well,

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Speaker 1: you know, another thing that the two thousand one Surgeon

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Speaker 1: General report that I mentioned earlier found was that women,

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Speaker 1: those girls you mentioned in high school that do you

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Speaker 1: start smoking, tend to overestimate how many other people smoke.

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Speaker 1: So I think one reason why it was kind of

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Speaker 1: cool to highlight the advertising is so you know, if

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Speaker 1: you're a teenage girl out there and you see some

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Speaker 1: ad in a Cosmopolitan magazine or something like that that

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Speaker 1: shows the cool girls smoking it, it really is not

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Speaker 1: probably as widespread a trend as you might imagine. But

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Speaker 1: I have just to close out a bit of trivia

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Speaker 1: for this is. I threw this trivia out actually last

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Speaker 1: night to a friend. It's my favorite bit of trivia.

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Speaker 1: I'm probably gonna keep tossing it out strangers. So in

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Speaker 1: nineteen seventy one, the very last television commercial four cigarettes

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Speaker 1: before it was outlawed aired and it was for the

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Speaker 1: brand Virginia's Limbs. And what famous female cartoon character used

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Speaker 1: to smoke to shill for Winston brand cigarettes Molly? That

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Speaker 1: was Wilma Flintstone. Yes, so I guess what we can

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Speaker 1: take from that is that Bedrock was a very egalitarian society,

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Speaker 1: since that tends to be a prerequisite for women to

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Speaker 1: smoke as much as money, you know, and Fred probably

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Speaker 1: kept woman pretty stressed out. I have a bet, you know,

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Speaker 1: there you go, So a little a little cigarette trivia

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Speaker 1: to close things out, And if you would like to

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Speaker 1: send us trivia or thoughts or anything related to this episode,

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Speaker 1: you can email us at Mom's stuff at house stuff

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Speaker 1: works dot com. And I have an email here from Jennifer.

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Speaker 1: It's about the vitamin A podcast, and she has one

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Speaker 1: exception to sort of the position we took on vitamins.

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Speaker 1: She writes, I have been a vegetarian for fourteen years.

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Speaker 1: When I was a freshman in college, I started to

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Speaker 1: notice that I was just so tired all the time.

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Speaker 1: I slept ten to eleven hours a day and still

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Speaker 1: had to force myself out of bed. When I went

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Speaker 1: to the doctor, they told me that I was seriously anemic.

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Speaker 1: This is common in women, especially in vegetarians. So my

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Speaker 1: mom gave me an unlimited budget for buying iron rich foods,

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Speaker 1: and I learned about other foods to combine them with

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Speaker 1: to optimize the iron absorption. However, even with the perfect diet,

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Speaker 1: I needed iron supplements to keep from slipping back into anemia.

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Speaker 1: Now that I am older, I still maintain a healthy

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Speaker 1: iron rich diet as much as I can without eating meat.

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Speaker 1: But if I go off iron supplements for several months,

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Speaker 1: I start to notice them getting lethargic, shorter breadth, and

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Speaker 1: a blood test will show I am anemic again. I

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Speaker 1: suppose I could solve this by just eating a good

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Speaker 1: old steak, but I just can't do it, so for me,

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Speaker 1: iron vitems. Iron vitamins are essential for a healthy lifestyle,

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Speaker 1: and many vegetarians may not even realize they are anemic

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Speaker 1: and should get tested annually by their doctor. So thanks

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Speaker 1: for that, Jennifer. I've got an email here from David

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Speaker 1: and this is in response to our podcast on abortion.

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Speaker 1: He writes, the one thing that you did not cover

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Speaker 1: in the podcast is the effect on men. If you

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Speaker 1: do a Google search, you'll find books, groups, retreats that

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Speaker 1: can help with the abortion process. I'm just putting it

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Speaker 1: out there as an an who's had to deal with this.

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Speaker 1: I hope that others can find the help they need

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Speaker 1: as well. And that is a great point that David

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Speaker 1: brings up. Abortion certainly affects men just like well as

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Speaker 1: it does affect women too. So if you have any

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Speaker 1: thoughts to send our way mom Stuff and how Stuff

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Speaker 1: Works dot Com, head over to Facebook too. We can

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Speaker 1: with other listeners. Also follow us on Twitter at mom

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Speaker 1: Stuff Podcast. Then you can follow us during the week

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Speaker 1: on our blog It's Stuff Mom Never Told You from

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Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. For more on this and

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Speaker 1: thousands of other topics, visit how stuff works dot com.

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