WEBVTT - Butterflies: Caterpillars with Wings!

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<v Speaker 1>Hey, everyone, we want to announce that we have our

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<v Speaker 1>final three shows of the year on the books August

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<v Speaker 1>twelfth in Orlando, Florida, September sixth in Nashville, Tennessee, and

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<v Speaker 1>winding it up right here in Atlanta September ninth.

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<v Speaker 2>They're going to be great, just great, great, great great.

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<v Speaker 2>So if you want to come see the Stuff you

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<v Speaker 2>Should Know greatness, the last of it for the year,

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<v Speaker 2>you can by going to stuff youshould Know dot com

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<v Speaker 2>and checking out our tour page or going to link

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<v Speaker 2>tree slash sysk. Either way you'll get links to tickets

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<v Speaker 2>and all the info you need. We'll see you starting

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<v Speaker 2>in August.

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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<v Speaker 2>Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's

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<v Speaker 2>Chuck and Jerry's here too, and this is Stuff you

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<v Speaker 2>Should Know, Part two of a one to two punch

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<v Speaker 2>of insect Goodness.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, Caterpillars hopefully you just listen to. If you did,

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<v Speaker 1>you might want to, because really, you know, without Caterpillar

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<v Speaker 1>there is no Butterfly episode. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>I feel like they could stand on their own, Like,

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<v Speaker 2>I don't think you have to have listened to one

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<v Speaker 2>to understand what we're going to talk about here.

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<v Speaker 1>No, no, no, but you know we're probably gonna say

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<v Speaker 1>when it comes time to talk about how the caterpillar

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<v Speaker 1>turns into a butterfly, just go back in time to

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<v Speaker 1>two days ago and listen to that one.

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<v Speaker 2>Right, we'll be like.

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<v Speaker 1>And once again we have to thank HowStuffWorks dot Com

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<v Speaker 1>and our former and current colleague Tracy Wilson, as well

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<v Speaker 1>as our former colleague not current, Jennifer Horton, wrote a

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<v Speaker 1>fun piece about butterfly gardens that we're going to talk

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<v Speaker 1>about at the end. But I forgot about Jennifer. You

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<v Speaker 1>remember her?

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<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, she was great. She wrote lots of great stuff.

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<v Speaker 2>She's a good person.

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<v Speaker 1>So, Jennifer, I don't know if you're out there and listen,

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<v Speaker 1>but Hi, Hi.

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<v Speaker 2>It's been a while, yeah, since like two thousand and

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<v Speaker 2>eight or nine, in a long while. Well, so we're

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<v Speaker 2>talking about butterflies, and we should probably kind of pick

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<v Speaker 2>up not where we left off, because we talked I

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<v Speaker 2>think about caterpillars being pests at the end, or considered pests,

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<v Speaker 2>but they're not really. Yeah, we should pick up after

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<v Speaker 2>the caterpillar emerges from its chrysalis because we're talking specifically

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<v Speaker 2>about butterflies. So it's the chrysalis, not a cocoon that

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<v Speaker 2>it metamorphosizes within, and once it emerges, it is a

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<v Speaker 2>beautiful creature that resembles the caterpillar that it was almost

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<v Speaker 2>not at all. But it's the same exact creature. It's

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<v Speaker 2>got the same mind, it can remember smells and all that.

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<v Speaker 2>But whereas the caterpillar was built for eating, I think

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<v Speaker 2>we said it in the last episode too, the butterfly

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<v Speaker 2>is built for sex, sex, sex.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, they're built for reproducing. Should we talk, I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>should we go back in time just a little bit

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<v Speaker 1>and talk about the fact that, like the distinction between

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<v Speaker 1>mals and butterflies and stuff like that. Sure, well, what's

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<v Speaker 1>the deal, wasn't it aren't moths and butterflies basically mostly

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<v Speaker 1>the same except moths are they do their sex at

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<v Speaker 1>night and butterflies do their sex in the day.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean, there's not many distinctions between them other

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<v Speaker 2>than like the obvious ones. But that's the biggest one.

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<v Speaker 2>And the reason why butterflies are diurnal and moths are

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<v Speaker 2>nocturnal is because all butterflies, I think, what is there

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<v Speaker 2>like fifteen twenty thousand species.

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<v Speaker 1>Of butterflies, A lot of them.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, all of them are descended from moths, and these

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<v Speaker 2>were just moths that started to do their thing in

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<v Speaker 2>the daytime rather than the nighttime, and over time they

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<v Speaker 2>evolve to fit in in the daytime rather than the nighttime,

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<v Speaker 2>which is how moths evolved. So a moth's camouflage is

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<v Speaker 2>meant to blend in with like a tree where it's

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<v Speaker 2>sleeping during the day, whereas a butterfly is bright colored

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<v Speaker 2>because it's out in the daytime and it needs to

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<v Speaker 2>blend in with the big, color full flowers that it

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<v Speaker 2>likes to hang out on.

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<v Speaker 1>Do you know why I'm meant to look this up

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<v Speaker 1>and didn't. Why then a moth is so attracted to light.

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<v Speaker 2>I saw that they think that it is attracted to

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<v Speaker 2>the moon for navigation. Oh okay, and that butterflies aren't

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<v Speaker 2>attracted to light because they don't navigate by the moon.

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<v Speaker 2>They lost that ability or that need.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, butterflies navigate by the sun. That's one of the

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<v Speaker 1>one of my amazing facts about butterflies.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, but then that's weird that they don't fly to light,

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<v Speaker 2>but they are not attracted to flames or light bulbs.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, Oh well maybe they know sun is death.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, whereas the moon is nice and cool.

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<v Speaker 1>Should we talk about their bodies a little bit, because

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<v Speaker 1>that's where we like to start off usually with our

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<v Speaker 1>insect casts.

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<v Speaker 2>One more thing, let's talk about where the word butterfly

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<v Speaker 2>came from.

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<v Speaker 1>Eh, where to come from?

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<v Speaker 2>Oh well, it's very Old English and it means butter

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<v Speaker 2>and fly, right, No real mystery there. Yeah, but the

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<v Speaker 2>reason they think there's two reasons why they are named

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<v Speaker 2>butterflies in the Old English. And they think it's either

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<v Speaker 2>because some of them are a pale yellow in color,

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<v Speaker 2>so they resemble butter. We can pretty much discard that one.

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<v Speaker 2>The other one is that there was a folk belief

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<v Speaker 2>that they stole butter, that they were just kind of

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<v Speaker 2>some sort of supernatural spirit in a butterfly form to

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<v Speaker 2>come and steal your milk in your butter. And there's

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<v Speaker 2>evidence of that in other nearby languages. I think the

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<v Speaker 2>Germans called butterflies milk.

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<v Speaker 1>Thieves and butterfairy almost.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, and then the Dutch and the Germans have a

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<v Speaker 2>word for butterfly that means butter witch. So that's probably

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<v Speaker 2>why butterflies are called that, because they used to think

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<v Speaker 2>that they stole butter.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, you know who it was the whole time, it

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<v Speaker 1>was Grandpa night eating.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, he could get one cc of blood through those arteries.

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<v Speaker 2>They were so clogged he was he was on ambient.

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<v Speaker 1>Does it does it say when the name more for

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<v Speaker 1>my wife into flutterfly.

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<v Speaker 2>They actually used to think or something like, it's a

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<v Speaker 2>pretty strange idea that they are called butterflies rather than flutterbys,

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<v Speaker 2>because that makes more sense. So Emily's kind of taking

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<v Speaker 2>it in a much smarter direction. But it's interesting. She

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<v Speaker 2>probably just doesn't know the fact that they're actually witches

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<v Speaker 2>in disguise who are out to steal butter and milk.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, she's always she still calls them fltterflies.

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<v Speaker 2>Just does she call spaghetti pasquetti?

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<v Speaker 1>No? No, just flutterflies. Can we talk about their their

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<v Speaker 1>bodies now?

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<v Speaker 2>Yes? Yes, thank you for indulging me. I feel so indulged.

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<v Speaker 1>Sure. So, like we mentioned, the head, the thorax, and

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<v Speaker 1>the abdomen of the butterfly will look a lot like

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<v Speaker 1>a caterpillar in some ways if you hold them up

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<v Speaker 1>next to each other, and that's about it. For one,

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<v Speaker 1>a butterfly can see a lot better than a caterpillar.

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<v Speaker 1>Can I get the idea that it still doesn't have like,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, like great vision. But caterpillars, remember, we're essentially blind.

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<v Speaker 1>Butterflies at least have these compound eyes and they can

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<v Speaker 1>detect color. And I think we said the caterpillar could

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<v Speaker 1>only see black and white. They can detect movement as well.

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<v Speaker 1>But when it comes to the star of the show,

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<v Speaker 1>as far as butterfly parts go, it's those antennae.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, hold on, before we move on, I've got one

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<v Speaker 2>about the eyes too. You know, the monarch butterfly like

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<v Speaker 2>basically the quintessential butterfly. Sure, they have twelve thousand eyes,

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<v Speaker 2>both compound and simple, and they go basically all the

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<v Speaker 2>way around their head.

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<v Speaker 1>It's a lot of eyes.

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<v Speaker 2>They can see into your soul.

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<v Speaker 1>And that's why they Maybe that's why they're so great,

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<v Speaker 1>migrating every year and such large numbers.

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<v Speaker 2>Possibly, I think we talked about in our animal Migration episode.

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<v Speaker 2>We talked about monarch butterfly migration, and I think we

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<v Speaker 2>said one of the reasons why they're able to make

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<v Speaker 2>it from eastern Canada all the way down to northwest

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<v Speaker 2>Mexico is because they are they navigate using UV they

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<v Speaker 2>see in the UV.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's that it's that sun. And that's kind of

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<v Speaker 1>brings me back around to antennae. These things are amazing.

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<v Speaker 1>They they get their sense of direction from the position

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<v Speaker 1>of the sun, so they are literally navigating by the

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<v Speaker 1>position of the sun. The antennae also act as light receptors,

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<v Speaker 1>obviously to tract the sun. They're highly attuned to odors.

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<v Speaker 1>Those antenna are great smellers. They sense pheromones during times

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<v Speaker 1>of mating, and they can even sense these antennae the

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<v Speaker 1>beat of wings of butterflies of the same species.

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<v Speaker 2>During amazing, just the antennae, just the antennae. Well, how

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<v Speaker 2>about the labial palps.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, yeah, those are if you if you look at

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<v Speaker 1>a close up of a butterfly, and they can take

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<v Speaker 1>kind of different positions, but usually I've seen them they

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<v Speaker 1>look like kind of little hairy tusks coming out.

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<v Speaker 2>Coming out of what chuck coming out of.

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<v Speaker 1>Their their head well near the mouth parts.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeaping thing. Okay, it's now officially a Tracy Wilson article.

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<v Speaker 1>That's right.

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<v Speaker 2>So they apparently are like this is food. This isn't food.

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<v Speaker 2>This is food, but they don't eat with the labial palps.

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<v Speaker 2>It's just a way of sensing food. What they eat

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<v Speaker 2>with is their proboscis and that's the long kind of

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<v Speaker 2>tongue like appendage that they suck nectar with.

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<v Speaker 1>That's right, I got one more thing on the labial palps.

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<v Speaker 2>So, oh okay.

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<v Speaker 1>They they've kind of surmised that it detects food. That

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<v Speaker 1>the function was is fairly unknown, but I think they've

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<v Speaker 1>learned I'm not sure how recently that they can those

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<v Speaker 1>labial palps detect CO two in the air. Oh, neat

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<v Speaker 1>as well, and they think that might be the main function.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh that's really cool.

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<v Speaker 1>Who knows?

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<v Speaker 2>So instead of seeing red or green, they have the

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<v Speaker 2>labial palps that detect I guess two. That was a

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<v Speaker 2>reference to a reality episode.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, So what part did you move to?

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<v Speaker 2>I moved on to their proboscis.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh, everyone loves a good prescos and the uh, the

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<v Speaker 1>butterfly proboscos is interesting because when the butterfly comes out,

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<v Speaker 1>and we'll talk about this morn in a second, it's

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<v Speaker 1>almost like it should have a label that says some

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<v Speaker 1>assembly required. Yeah, because they got to do some stuff

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<v Speaker 1>before they can really do their butterfly thing. And one

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<v Speaker 1>of those things is literally almost like screwing together their proscis.

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<v Speaker 2>Mm hmm. Yeah, they have two parts of their proboscis

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<v Speaker 2>that they have to connect in order to start eating.

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<v Speaker 2>So that's one of the first things that they do

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<v Speaker 2>when they e close from their chrysalis.

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<v Speaker 1>E close. It's a great name.

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<v Speaker 2>Now, it sounds like Apple has trademarked it or something.

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<v Speaker 1>And we'll talk more about the proboscos as we go,

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<v Speaker 1>but we do need to mention their legs. If you remember,

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<v Speaker 1>the caterpillars have six real legs and then a bunch

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<v Speaker 1>of pro legs. The butterfly says, I don't need those

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<v Speaker 1>pro legs anymore because I'm flying basically, but I've still

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<v Speaker 1>got those six legs. I've got a set of four legs,

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<v Speaker 1>some middle legs and some hind legs. And these things

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<v Speaker 1>are pretty they're more than just legs as well, because

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<v Speaker 1>they will land on something and they're looking for dissolving

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<v Speaker 1>sugars basically to eat, and they're looking for that with

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<v Speaker 1>their legs.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. And also you'll probably see fairly commonly that there

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<v Speaker 2>are some butterfly species that only have two pairs of legs,

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<v Speaker 2>and that's not true, they actually have six, but one

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<v Speaker 2>pair is basically shriveled almost to nothingness.

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<v Speaker 1>And by the way, I should clear up when I

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<v Speaker 1>say their legs are looking for dissolving sugars, they're not

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<v Speaker 1>doing it by feel like they are taste organs in

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<v Speaker 1>their feet.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, they can taste through all sorts of different organs.

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<v Speaker 2>It's pretty cool. They apparently when they're they step in

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<v Speaker 2>like some dissolving sugar, their proboscis uncoils involuntarily and it

0:12:01.360 --> 0:12:05.280
<v Speaker 2>just starts sipping nectar immediately. Oh man, so you better

0:12:05.360 --> 0:12:09.559
<v Speaker 2>hope that your your legs are finely attuned to sugar

0:12:09.600 --> 0:12:13.360
<v Speaker 2>and you don't accidentally suck up some really gross stuff. Yeah,

0:12:13.440 --> 0:12:15.720
<v Speaker 2>you know, like, oh it was puss right.

0:12:15.559 --> 0:12:21.679
<v Speaker 1>Oh my god, Oh, the worst word. It's the worst.

0:12:22.000 --> 0:12:26.240
<v Speaker 2>It's pretty bad and hygenic utensil.

0:12:25.880 --> 0:12:28.600
<v Speaker 1>Though, Like, what are the odds that one of the

0:12:28.600 --> 0:12:30.840
<v Speaker 1>grossest things has the grossest word.

0:12:31.120 --> 0:12:33.120
<v Speaker 2>I don't know. I wonder if that was intentional?

0:12:34.760 --> 0:12:35.720
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, like, what is that?

0:12:36.040 --> 0:12:36.120
<v Speaker 2>Ugh?

0:12:36.440 --> 0:12:36.760
<v Speaker 1>Puss?

0:12:37.320 --> 0:12:37.560
<v Speaker 2>Right?

0:12:37.760 --> 0:12:39.920
<v Speaker 1>Does that sound gross enough? Sure, let's go with it.

0:12:40.720 --> 0:12:42.240
<v Speaker 2>We please stop talking about puss.

0:12:42.720 --> 0:12:47.000
<v Speaker 1>Sure, Webster the wings, We're going to talk about a lot.

0:12:47.360 --> 0:12:52.000
<v Speaker 1>We did a whole episode on the iridescence of butterfly wings.

0:12:52.120 --> 0:12:53.920
<v Speaker 1>So we're not going to really get into it here,

0:12:53.960 --> 0:12:56.160
<v Speaker 1>but if you want to learn about iridescence, it's very

0:12:56.200 --> 0:13:00.000
<v Speaker 1>complex and complicated and deserved its own episode many years ago.

0:13:00.400 --> 0:13:02.520
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, but the opshot is the structure of the scales.

0:13:02.520 --> 0:13:06.040
<v Speaker 2>They're transparent, multi layered, and they reflect and amplify light

0:13:06.520 --> 0:13:09.400
<v Speaker 2>multiple times. That was a really cool episode if I

0:13:09.440 --> 0:13:10.760
<v Speaker 2>remember correctly.

0:13:10.800 --> 0:13:13.280
<v Speaker 1>It was, and it was a tough one if I

0:13:13.320 --> 0:13:15.000
<v Speaker 1>remember to like absorb.

0:13:15.000 --> 0:13:16.920
<v Speaker 2>Yes, but we did such a great job of it.

0:13:17.000 --> 0:13:18.880
<v Speaker 2>I would like to say we probably just knocked it

0:13:18.880 --> 0:13:19.440
<v Speaker 2>out of the park.

0:13:19.520 --> 0:13:23.079
<v Speaker 1>Really, I think so too. But the butterfly wings are

0:13:23.120 --> 0:13:27.360
<v Speaker 1>made of it's transparents called kiten. If you've heard of

0:13:27.400 --> 0:13:30.560
<v Speaker 1>kitenre you're probably just alive on the earth because it

0:13:30.679 --> 0:13:36.080
<v Speaker 1>is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature. It's

0:13:36.280 --> 0:13:39.520
<v Speaker 1>I think the second most abundant. It's all over the place.

0:13:40.760 --> 0:13:42.640
<v Speaker 1>Their wings are made of that kitan, and they have

0:13:42.720 --> 0:13:46.439
<v Speaker 1>those sort of vein like structures that you can if

0:13:46.440 --> 0:13:49.400
<v Speaker 1>you look at their wings closely. Don't touch them though,

0:13:49.400 --> 0:13:53.040
<v Speaker 1>please no, we talked about that in that episode. But

0:13:53.080 --> 0:13:56.040
<v Speaker 1>they have those four wings that are obviously toward the

0:13:56.080 --> 0:13:58.840
<v Speaker 1>front and they are basically triangular, and then the hind

0:13:58.840 --> 0:14:01.319
<v Speaker 1>wings toward the button and they kind of look like

0:14:01.360 --> 0:14:02.120
<v Speaker 1>little seashells.

0:14:02.360 --> 0:14:05.800
<v Speaker 2>Yes, and they're like you said, don't touch them. They're very,

0:14:05.960 --> 0:14:10.200
<v Speaker 2>very delicate, and those veins are species specific, so that's

0:14:10.200 --> 0:14:13.160
<v Speaker 2>one of the ways that they use to recognize one

0:14:13.200 --> 0:14:14.560
<v Speaker 2>another when they're mating as well.

0:14:15.400 --> 0:14:18.480
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and I think butterflies cannot repair their wings, isn't

0:14:18.520 --> 0:14:19.000
<v Speaker 1>that correct?

0:14:19.240 --> 0:14:21.920
<v Speaker 2>Yes, they have no means of doing that. They have

0:14:22.000 --> 0:14:23.520
<v Speaker 2>no car shield for wings.

0:14:24.000 --> 0:14:25.800
<v Speaker 1>But I don't think it kills them. But if a

0:14:25.800 --> 0:14:29.240
<v Speaker 1>butterfly can't fly, that's probably ultimately a death sentence, right.

0:14:29.200 --> 0:14:31.840
<v Speaker 2>That's my guess. It would make them easy prey at

0:14:31.880 --> 0:14:32.560
<v Speaker 2>the very least.

0:14:32.920 --> 0:14:34.520
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I think that's kind of the deal. When they

0:14:34.520 --> 0:14:36.960
<v Speaker 1>say a butterfly will die if you touch their wings, Yes,

0:14:37.280 --> 0:14:38.480
<v Speaker 1>it will die quicker.

0:14:39.600 --> 0:14:44.040
<v Speaker 2>There's something that a butterfly that's recently e closed and

0:14:44.080 --> 0:14:47.000
<v Speaker 2>a baby that's just been born have in common. Do

0:14:47.040 --> 0:14:47.880
<v Speaker 2>you know what it is?

0:14:49.000 --> 0:14:52.040
<v Speaker 1>Mmm? Maybe, but go ahead.

0:14:52.320 --> 0:14:55.520
<v Speaker 2>They both poop out in a meconium.

0:14:55.800 --> 0:15:01.800
<v Speaker 1>Oh sure, a human baby yeah, yeah, yeah, maconium. Is

0:15:01.840 --> 0:15:04.640
<v Speaker 1>that that first poop that they take and in this case,

0:15:04.680 --> 0:15:09.000
<v Speaker 1>the butterfly is pooping what it last eight as a caterpillar.

0:15:09.080 --> 0:15:09.800
<v Speaker 2>That's so cool.

0:15:10.240 --> 0:15:11.080
<v Speaker 1>It is really cool.

0:15:11.320 --> 0:15:14.880
<v Speaker 2>It's usually red bright red, almost looks like blood. But

0:15:15.000 --> 0:15:17.160
<v Speaker 2>the butterfly poops that out. That's one of the first

0:15:17.160 --> 0:15:20.560
<v Speaker 2>things it does. It has to clean off all of

0:15:20.600 --> 0:15:23.520
<v Speaker 2>its organs, its feet to make sure it's sugar finding

0:15:23.560 --> 0:15:26.960
<v Speaker 2>not puss finding, clean off its antennas, put its proboscis

0:15:27.080 --> 0:15:31.560
<v Speaker 2>together again, let its wings dry out. I saw, and

0:15:31.600 --> 0:15:33.800
<v Speaker 2>I don't think we mentioned in the Caterpillar episode that

0:15:34.120 --> 0:15:38.120
<v Speaker 2>in its last in star it has wings already. They're

0:15:38.200 --> 0:15:41.480
<v Speaker 2>just folded up under its skin that they develop even

0:15:41.560 --> 0:15:45.680
<v Speaker 2>further in the chrysalis. But when they're when they come out,

0:15:45.680 --> 0:15:49.680
<v Speaker 2>they're soaking wet because the butterfly was goo not too

0:15:49.720 --> 0:15:52.280
<v Speaker 2>long ago, and they have to spread them out and

0:15:52.360 --> 0:15:54.480
<v Speaker 2>let them dry in the sun before they can fly.

0:15:54.760 --> 0:15:58.280
<v Speaker 2>So they're doing all of this like self care, basically

0:15:58.720 --> 0:16:00.880
<v Speaker 2>a morning at the spa after they're born.

0:16:01.520 --> 0:16:04.840
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, but they can't just like flop their wings open immediately.

0:16:05.120 --> 0:16:08.240
<v Speaker 1>They actually have to pump them up, almost like an

0:16:08.280 --> 0:16:12.320
<v Speaker 1>air pump inflating a raft or something, or some high stops, yeah,

0:16:12.440 --> 0:16:16.760
<v Speaker 1>or some oh man, remember those. That's so funny. What

0:16:16.840 --> 0:16:18.400
<v Speaker 1>a scam.

0:16:18.600 --> 0:16:21.160
<v Speaker 2>That was a scam, right, I'm quite sure you could

0:16:21.200 --> 0:16:23.120
<v Speaker 2>break your ankle in that just as easily as any

0:16:23.160 --> 0:16:23.920
<v Speaker 2>other shoe. Sure.

0:16:24.200 --> 0:16:25.960
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it may give you like a little tighter fit

0:16:26.040 --> 0:16:27.040
<v Speaker 1>or something. I don't know about that.

0:16:27.520 --> 0:16:27.640
<v Speaker 2>Uh.

0:16:28.000 --> 0:16:31.560
<v Speaker 1>And for people that are our younger or younger listeners,

0:16:31.600 --> 0:16:34.720
<v Speaker 1>if you don't know who Milli Vanilli was or pump

0:16:34.840 --> 0:16:37.480
<v Speaker 1>up basketball shoes, there were I think Rebock.

0:16:37.280 --> 0:16:39.720
<v Speaker 2>Right, pretty sure it was Rebock.

0:16:39.640 --> 0:16:42.120
<v Speaker 1>Had basketball shoes that on the tongue had a little

0:16:42.160 --> 0:16:45.800
<v Speaker 1>basketball that was a little pump, and you would put

0:16:45.840 --> 0:16:47.520
<v Speaker 1>on your shoes, tie them up, and then press that

0:16:47.560 --> 0:16:49.800
<v Speaker 1>pump a bunch of times, and it would fill some

0:16:50.560 --> 0:16:53.040
<v Speaker 1>cavities with air, I guess, and make your shoes tighter.

0:16:53.160 --> 0:16:55.200
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, especially around your ankle. It was meant to give

0:16:55.240 --> 0:16:57.960
<v Speaker 2>you extra ankle support so you could daunt easier, even

0:16:57.960 --> 0:16:59.440
<v Speaker 2>though you've never donked in your life.

0:16:59.760 --> 0:17:05.240
<v Speaker 1>That's right. But they had Spudweb repping them, so oh yeah, yeah,

0:17:05.240 --> 0:17:07.359
<v Speaker 1>I think he. I think he was one of their

0:17:07.520 --> 0:17:10.880
<v Speaker 1>pitch guys for a little while. Okay, cool, but anyway,

0:17:11.040 --> 0:17:12.440
<v Speaker 1>the butterfly Wait.

0:17:12.240 --> 0:17:13.880
<v Speaker 2>Wait, should we explain who spud web.

0:17:14.960 --> 0:17:18.200
<v Speaker 1>He was a diminutive NBA player for the hostod Land

0:17:18.200 --> 0:17:19.560
<v Speaker 1>to get his autograph one time. Yeah.

0:17:19.720 --> 0:17:20.120
<v Speaker 2>Nice.

0:17:21.840 --> 0:17:24.240
<v Speaker 1>They pump their wings out, but not with air. There's

0:17:24.240 --> 0:17:26.640
<v Speaker 1>a fluid that they pump through these those two black

0:17:26.720 --> 0:17:29.520
<v Speaker 1>veins we were talking about, and just sort of inflate

0:17:29.560 --> 0:17:31.840
<v Speaker 1>them out, and like you said, they just get all

0:17:31.880 --> 0:17:33.720
<v Speaker 1>cleaned up and ready to fly.

0:17:34.200 --> 0:17:37.960
<v Speaker 2>Yes, And then once they're all ready, they start flying

0:17:38.080 --> 0:17:40.679
<v Speaker 2>and they realize very quickly, up it's not a very

0:17:40.720 --> 0:17:42.679
<v Speaker 2>good day to fly. And I say, we take a

0:17:42.680 --> 0:17:44.840
<v Speaker 2>break and come back and explain just what in the

0:17:44.880 --> 0:17:46.280
<v Speaker 2>holy heck I'm talking about?

0:18:10.200 --> 0:18:12.000
<v Speaker 1>All right, what in the holy heck are you talking about?

0:18:12.560 --> 0:18:16.360
<v Speaker 2>Oh well, let me explain, Chuck. It turns out that butterflies,

0:18:16.800 --> 0:18:19.720
<v Speaker 2>while being pretty hardy individuals, at least as far as

0:18:19.720 --> 0:18:23.280
<v Speaker 2>insects are concerned, on that level, they're also very delicate,

0:18:23.359 --> 0:18:26.399
<v Speaker 2>like we talked about with their wings, and even beyond

0:18:26.440 --> 0:18:29.800
<v Speaker 2>their wings, getting like a rain drop driving through it,

0:18:29.880 --> 0:18:34.320
<v Speaker 2>that can happen, or say like strong wind tattering it.

0:18:34.560 --> 0:18:38.959
<v Speaker 2>That's a big problem for a butterfly. Just the temperature,

0:18:39.080 --> 0:18:42.439
<v Speaker 2>the ambient temperature has a tremendous effect on them. Not

0:18:42.600 --> 0:18:45.400
<v Speaker 2>just because they're ectotherms, meaning they're like a lizard. They

0:18:45.440 --> 0:18:49.280
<v Speaker 2>rely on the ambient temperature to warm themselves or cool

0:18:49.280 --> 0:18:54.280
<v Speaker 2>themselves off. Their muscles just simply will not function when

0:18:54.320 --> 0:18:56.080
<v Speaker 2>it drops below a certain temperature.

0:18:56.720 --> 0:19:00.160
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I think Tracy points out they work best when

0:19:00.160 --> 0:19:04.879
<v Speaker 1>their internal temperature is about eighty two fahrenheit twenty eight celsius.

0:19:05.960 --> 0:19:07.960
<v Speaker 1>And you know, they use these wings for flying, which

0:19:08.000 --> 0:19:10.240
<v Speaker 1>is great, but you might think like, oh, it's no

0:19:10.280 --> 0:19:12.200
<v Speaker 1>big deal if it's cold, they just kind of hunker down.

0:19:12.560 --> 0:19:16.120
<v Speaker 1>But they also use these wings to do all kinds

0:19:16.160 --> 0:19:20.400
<v Speaker 1>of like cool things, like, namely to scare away predators.

0:19:20.400 --> 0:19:22.800
<v Speaker 1>They can do all sorts of like they can make

0:19:22.880 --> 0:19:25.560
<v Speaker 1>eyes where it looks like a scary face, kind of

0:19:25.560 --> 0:19:28.720
<v Speaker 1>like their little caterpillar former selves can look like snakes.

0:19:29.359 --> 0:19:31.840
<v Speaker 1>They can flash these bright colors that a lot of

0:19:31.840 --> 0:19:34.920
<v Speaker 1>times say get away predator. And if they can't move

0:19:35.000 --> 0:19:38.399
<v Speaker 1>their wings, it's not just that they can't fly, but

0:19:38.440 --> 0:19:41.919
<v Speaker 1>they can't defend themselves or disguise themselves. So it means

0:19:41.960 --> 0:19:44.840
<v Speaker 1>that when it's cold outside, or when it's two windy

0:19:44.920 --> 0:19:47.439
<v Speaker 1>or rainy or something, then they're way more vulnerable to

0:19:47.480 --> 0:19:52.359
<v Speaker 1>prey for sure, or as prey.

0:19:51.600 --> 0:19:54.560
<v Speaker 2>Right but even prey could probably get them. That's how

0:19:54.640 --> 0:19:58.560
<v Speaker 2>vulnerable they are, so for sure. So you'll often see

0:19:58.560 --> 0:20:01.480
<v Speaker 2>like butterflies is kind of bask in the sun. I've

0:20:01.480 --> 0:20:04.159
<v Speaker 2>always wondered what they're doing, Like they just seem like

0:20:04.160 --> 0:20:07.159
<v Speaker 2>they're they don't know what to do next. That's how

0:20:07.160 --> 0:20:09.679
<v Speaker 2>it's always struck me. For some reason, they're thinking of

0:20:09.720 --> 0:20:12.880
<v Speaker 2>their next move, but in reality, they're just sitting there

0:20:12.960 --> 0:20:15.000
<v Speaker 2>getting warmed up by the sun so they can fly

0:20:15.240 --> 0:20:17.639
<v Speaker 2>to another spot. And if you stop and think about it,

0:20:17.680 --> 0:20:20.160
<v Speaker 2>the next time you see a butterfly basking in the sun,

0:20:21.119 --> 0:20:25.000
<v Speaker 2>I'll bet it's below eighty degrees out and the butterflies

0:20:25.080 --> 0:20:27.960
<v Speaker 2>having to warm itself so it can fly on to

0:20:28.080 --> 0:20:30.920
<v Speaker 2>the next flower to eat or rest or whatever.

0:20:31.359 --> 0:20:34.679
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that's a good point. They do take shelter at

0:20:34.760 --> 0:20:37.480
<v Speaker 1>night when it gets chilly. That's why you don't see

0:20:37.560 --> 0:20:39.960
<v Speaker 1>butterflies flying around at night mainly. And like you said,

0:20:40.000 --> 0:20:48.080
<v Speaker 1>they're what are daytime dwellers called diurnal diurnal day urinal? Yeah,

0:20:48.480 --> 0:20:50.919
<v Speaker 1>day ernal? Is that how you remember it?

0:20:52.480 --> 0:20:53.040
<v Speaker 2>Now? It is?

0:20:53.400 --> 0:20:56.399
<v Speaker 1>Okay, you do remember it. That's how I need to

0:20:56.440 --> 0:20:59.640
<v Speaker 1>remember it, right, But yeah, they bass those wings, they'll

0:20:59.640 --> 0:21:03.919
<v Speaker 1>sit on rocks they shelter at night sometimes that they

0:21:03.960 --> 0:21:06.639
<v Speaker 1>will actually do like a kind of like human shiver

0:21:06.840 --> 0:21:09.720
<v Speaker 1>to warm up. They can kind of shake their butterfly

0:21:09.760 --> 0:21:13.159
<v Speaker 1>wings to get their muscles warmed up to fly. They

0:21:13.640 --> 0:21:15.000
<v Speaker 1>just can't go out cold. They gotta do a little

0:21:15.000 --> 0:21:15.680
<v Speaker 1>warm up first.

0:21:15.840 --> 0:21:20.320
<v Speaker 2>It's like that knee hike thing. Live their knees really

0:21:20.760 --> 0:21:23.080
<v Speaker 2>really high, like in place a bunch of times.

0:21:23.400 --> 0:21:27.880
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that soccer players do. Yeah, like that ted Lasso guy.

0:21:28.440 --> 0:21:30.680
<v Speaker 2>Right, then there's a name for that. But don't bother

0:21:30.800 --> 0:21:33.080
<v Speaker 2>emailing us with it. We can figure it out ourselves.

0:21:34.480 --> 0:21:38.000
<v Speaker 1>They also can use those wings as little reflectors, like

0:21:38.040 --> 0:21:40.000
<v Speaker 1>you know how in the nineteen fifties and sixties people

0:21:40.000 --> 0:21:43.000
<v Speaker 1>would sit out in the sun with those reflectors under

0:21:43.000 --> 0:21:46.199
<v Speaker 1>their neck to reflect sun back on their faces. They

0:21:46.240 --> 0:21:48.800
<v Speaker 1>can use their wings to do that to their body

0:21:48.840 --> 0:21:49.280
<v Speaker 1>and warm it.

0:21:49.359 --> 0:21:52.919
<v Speaker 2>Up, right, which is pretty cool. They can also they

0:21:52.960 --> 0:21:55.200
<v Speaker 2>can also keep the sun from warming them up when

0:21:55.200 --> 0:21:57.679
<v Speaker 2>it's too hot out. They'll fold their wings together and

0:21:57.720 --> 0:22:01.439
<v Speaker 2>just present like the edge, the outer edge of their

0:22:01.480 --> 0:22:06.160
<v Speaker 2>wings to the sun, so there's much less surface area.

0:22:06.320 --> 0:22:10.080
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. And they, like

0:22:10.160 --> 0:22:12.359
<v Speaker 1>you said, when you see them sitting they're probably not

0:22:12.440 --> 0:22:16.040
<v Speaker 1>sitting for long. They're probably sitting just so they can

0:22:17.119 --> 0:22:20.040
<v Speaker 1>get it going to fly again very shortly.

0:22:19.840 --> 0:22:23.600
<v Speaker 2>Exactly so, even though they're sitting there, warming themselves up

0:22:23.640 --> 0:22:27.200
<v Speaker 2>to move from flower to flower even and that's typically

0:22:27.200 --> 0:22:30.200
<v Speaker 2>what you see. There's a lot of species I see

0:22:30.200 --> 0:22:34.360
<v Speaker 2>at least two hundred that migrate over very long distances,

0:22:35.000 --> 0:22:37.480
<v Speaker 2>and monarchs are the ones that they're like the money,

0:22:37.640 --> 0:22:40.280
<v Speaker 2>the money butterfly that everybody knows about. But one of

0:22:40.320 --> 0:22:43.439
<v Speaker 2>the reasons why is because they migrate so far. Again,

0:22:43.840 --> 0:22:47.920
<v Speaker 2>they migrate from eastern Canada to northwest Mexico. It takes

0:22:48.040 --> 0:22:51.399
<v Speaker 2>eight months, and not a single butterfly that starts that

0:22:51.520 --> 0:22:55.359
<v Speaker 2>journey is alive at the end. So it's like you

0:22:55.520 --> 0:22:58.080
<v Speaker 2>look at the butterfly. By the way, the butterfly flock

0:22:58.800 --> 0:23:02.280
<v Speaker 2>or a group of butterflies is called the kaleidoscope. M

0:23:03.080 --> 0:23:05.760
<v Speaker 2>I love that also, that's the official one. They're also

0:23:05.880 --> 0:23:08.960
<v Speaker 2>called flutter, shimmer, and rainbow of butterflies.

0:23:09.720 --> 0:23:11.600
<v Speaker 1>Okay, a flutter of butterflies, yep.

0:23:11.840 --> 0:23:14.399
<v Speaker 2>But you look at the kaleidoscope of butterflies, it's like

0:23:14.440 --> 0:23:18.159
<v Speaker 2>a single organism in each individual butterfly that lives and

0:23:18.200 --> 0:23:22.640
<v Speaker 2>dies and reproduces, not necessarily in that order, as kind

0:23:22.640 --> 0:23:25.720
<v Speaker 2>of like cells that function and make up the larger hole.

0:23:25.800 --> 0:23:29.480
<v Speaker 2>But it's really a bunch of individual butterflies flying together

0:23:29.520 --> 0:23:33.040
<v Speaker 2>but migrating as a whole down from eastern Canada to

0:23:33.400 --> 0:23:34.440
<v Speaker 2>northwest Mexico.

0:23:35.160 --> 0:23:38.520
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and I guess since we're there, there was a

0:23:39.960 --> 0:23:46.080
<v Speaker 1>big deforestation, illegal deforestation, logging operation in Mexico at the

0:23:46.080 --> 0:23:51.239
<v Speaker 1>Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in twenty fifteen and they got like

0:23:51.600 --> 0:23:53.879
<v Speaker 1>I can't remember, like thirty or forty acres of land

0:23:54.600 --> 0:23:56.880
<v Speaker 1>just cut down before anyone knew what was going on.

0:23:57.560 --> 0:24:00.199
<v Speaker 1>And since then, and we can't get into it here

0:24:00.200 --> 0:24:03.480
<v Speaker 1>because it's really complex, but they have this very involved

0:24:03.640 --> 0:24:07.760
<v Speaker 1>plan that they've been enacting since then of reforestation, including

0:24:07.760 --> 0:24:11.480
<v Speaker 1>something called assisted migration that I don't fully understand yet,

0:24:11.480 --> 0:24:12.680
<v Speaker 1>but I'm going to look into it more.

0:24:12.840 --> 0:24:15.920
<v Speaker 2>They just drive slowly by some butterflies and swipe them

0:24:15.960 --> 0:24:17.840
<v Speaker 2>into the car and drive them halfway.

0:24:18.440 --> 0:24:20.880
<v Speaker 1>Well, things are better now, but there were a billion

0:24:20.960 --> 0:24:24.359
<v Speaker 1>butterflies in that migration in nineteen ninety six, and in

0:24:25.040 --> 0:24:27.320
<v Speaker 1>I think twenty sixteen that was down to thirty five

0:24:27.359 --> 0:24:30.520
<v Speaker 1>million from a billion, and I think has since gone

0:24:30.600 --> 0:24:32.120
<v Speaker 1>up due to these efforts.

0:24:32.119 --> 0:24:33.040
<v Speaker 2>But that's good.

0:24:33.640 --> 0:24:37.000
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, then you know, butterflies, if you take down where

0:24:37.000 --> 0:24:40.280
<v Speaker 1>they're trying to get to, then they're going to die.

0:24:40.520 --> 0:24:45.280
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and that's that Biosphere Reserve is a UNESCO World

0:24:45.359 --> 0:24:48.200
<v Speaker 2>Heritage Site and you can go visit it. But apparently

0:24:48.280 --> 0:24:51.560
<v Speaker 2>when the number of butterflies that show up are in

0:24:51.600 --> 0:24:56.960
<v Speaker 2>the billions, the branches that they're sitting on bend under

0:24:57.000 --> 0:25:00.000
<v Speaker 2>the weight of butterflies, that's how many butterflies there are

0:25:00.040 --> 0:25:04.119
<v Speaker 2>are sometimes. But yes, it's very problematic that there's fewer

0:25:04.160 --> 0:25:06.359
<v Speaker 2>and fewer. I'm glad to hear that it's kind of

0:25:06.400 --> 0:25:10.679
<v Speaker 2>bounced back a little bit, but they're still under I

0:25:10.680 --> 0:25:15.040
<v Speaker 2>don't know if they're endangered or just critical right now,

0:25:15.080 --> 0:25:18.040
<v Speaker 2>but there's there's something to keep an eye on, as

0:25:18.040 --> 0:25:20.680
<v Speaker 2>we'll see, because they're an indicator species.

0:25:20.640 --> 0:25:24.720
<v Speaker 1>They are, and they're also pollinators. They're not, you know,

0:25:25.480 --> 0:25:28.560
<v Speaker 1>the best pollinators, but they're pretty good. They're not like bees.

0:25:28.600 --> 0:25:31.840
<v Speaker 1>I mean, bees were made to pollinate. They wear shirts

0:25:31.880 --> 0:25:38.160
<v Speaker 1>that they do, they wear be shirts. But the some butterflies,

0:25:38.160 --> 0:25:40.760
<v Speaker 1>some butterflies don't spread pollen at all. They just love

0:25:40.800 --> 0:25:44.680
<v Speaker 1>that nectar. But generally butterflies are looked at as polleners,

0:25:45.080 --> 0:25:47.720
<v Speaker 1>and they have that proboscis. Like you said, that's just

0:25:47.800 --> 0:25:51.080
<v Speaker 1>it's made for diving deep into those flowers and getting

0:25:51.119 --> 0:25:56.280
<v Speaker 1>all that sweet stuff. But butterflies have lots of dietary needs.

0:25:56.840 --> 0:25:58.800
<v Speaker 1>They can't just get by on that sweet, sweet sugar.

0:25:59.600 --> 0:26:01.879
<v Speaker 1>They need minerals and stuff, and they get this in

0:26:02.040 --> 0:26:03.360
<v Speaker 1>a variety of interesting ways.

0:26:03.440 --> 0:26:07.080
<v Speaker 2>Right, Yeah, one is puddles. They'll just descend on a

0:26:07.080 --> 0:26:11.400
<v Speaker 2>puddle that's bare dirt. I don't think asphalt would work,

0:26:11.480 --> 0:26:14.080
<v Speaker 2>so yeah, it's kind of gross to think about. But

0:26:14.359 --> 0:26:17.400
<v Speaker 2>the minerals from the dirt and the soil leach into

0:26:17.400 --> 0:26:20.680
<v Speaker 2>the puddle, and the butterflies suck up those minerals through

0:26:20.720 --> 0:26:24.320
<v Speaker 2>the puddle, and apparently if there's not enough minerals for

0:26:24.359 --> 0:26:28.000
<v Speaker 2>their liking, they'll actually flutter off real quick and then

0:26:28.080 --> 0:26:30.960
<v Speaker 2>come back to the puddle, and just that little butterfly

0:26:31.240 --> 0:26:35.000
<v Speaker 2>movement is enough disturbance of the water to bring some

0:26:35.200 --> 0:26:38.480
<v Speaker 2>extra minerals to the surface of the puddle for them

0:26:38.520 --> 0:26:42.919
<v Speaker 2>to drink and to create a hurricane in Belize.

0:26:43.160 --> 0:26:48.560
<v Speaker 1>Right, if there's no water, it's pretty gross. If it

0:26:48.600 --> 0:26:53.800
<v Speaker 1>gets pretty bad, they will resort to puking onto the

0:26:53.840 --> 0:26:56.879
<v Speaker 1>soil and then drinking that mineral puke.

0:26:57.080 --> 0:26:58.399
<v Speaker 2>I took it more as spit.

0:27:00.200 --> 0:27:02.600
<v Speaker 1>One man's other man's that's right.

0:27:03.280 --> 0:27:05.959
<v Speaker 2>But yeah, they need the minerals, the nutrients, and it's

0:27:06.080 --> 0:27:07.280
<v Speaker 2>just not enough for the nectar.

0:27:07.960 --> 0:27:11.200
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, exactly. They've done some studies because they'll they'll eat fruit.

0:27:11.240 --> 0:27:13.600
<v Speaker 1>They'll eat rotten fruit on the ground, or they will

0:27:13.720 --> 0:27:16.399
<v Speaker 1>get on a piece of fruit. They will stomp on

0:27:16.440 --> 0:27:18.840
<v Speaker 1>it with their little feet ye to try and tenderize

0:27:18.880 --> 0:27:21.000
<v Speaker 1>it a little bit, and then jab it with that

0:27:21.160 --> 0:27:25.280
<v Speaker 1>proboscis and drink it up. And they've done studies that

0:27:25.680 --> 0:27:30.280
<v Speaker 1>have found that the fruit eaters live longer and are

0:27:30.320 --> 0:27:34.439
<v Speaker 1>better at reproducing in studies because they I think it

0:27:34.520 --> 0:27:38.840
<v Speaker 1>was the monarchs. Even they fed them either mash banana

0:27:39.640 --> 0:27:44.320
<v Speaker 1>or sugar, and the ones that ate the mash banana

0:27:44.440 --> 0:27:47.680
<v Speaker 1>laid almost two times as many eggs, and those eggs

0:27:48.040 --> 0:27:51.840
<v Speaker 1>were bigger and like more robust and vital as well.

0:27:52.080 --> 0:27:55.480
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I also read that they tend to be easier

0:27:55.560 --> 0:27:58.159
<v Speaker 2>going in social situations and are more well liked by

0:27:58.200 --> 0:27:59.119
<v Speaker 2>their peers.

0:27:59.640 --> 0:28:01.600
<v Speaker 1>The fruit. Oh wow.

0:28:02.160 --> 0:28:05.160
<v Speaker 2>So there's a couple other places that they can get

0:28:05.240 --> 0:28:09.200
<v Speaker 2>nutrients and minerals, dung, and urine. Butterflies are not above that,

0:28:10.080 --> 0:28:14.120
<v Speaker 2>especially if they need it really badly. But the when

0:28:14.160 --> 0:28:18.440
<v Speaker 2>they're getting it from a puddle, it's called puddling. There's

0:28:18.480 --> 0:28:20.960
<v Speaker 2>just so many great words around butterflies. And there's a

0:28:21.080 --> 0:28:27.199
<v Speaker 2>specific word for butterflies pollinating plants. It's called psychophily, like psychophillly,

0:28:27.240 --> 0:28:32.400
<v Speaker 2>but with one l okay. Specifically, butterflies pollinating plants is psychophily.

0:28:33.320 --> 0:28:33.800
<v Speaker 1>I love that.

0:28:34.040 --> 0:28:36.000
<v Speaker 2>I thought you would. I found that and I was like,

0:28:36.080 --> 0:28:37.000
<v Speaker 2>fuck's gonna love this.

0:28:38.280 --> 0:28:40.800
<v Speaker 1>The sexy stuff you mentioned. They you know, butterflies love

0:28:40.880 --> 0:28:45.120
<v Speaker 1>to try and reproduce, and they reproduce like a lot

0:28:45.160 --> 0:28:48.680
<v Speaker 1>of animals. They they join themselves. They join end to

0:28:48.840 --> 0:28:52.200
<v Speaker 1>end at the abdomen. I think the male has a

0:28:52.600 --> 0:28:58.760
<v Speaker 1>like clasps clasps down on the female to make sure

0:28:58.800 --> 0:29:03.040
<v Speaker 1>they stay together. And there is sperm from the male

0:29:03.280 --> 0:29:05.720
<v Speaker 1>that is eventually going to fertilize the eggs of a female.

0:29:05.720 --> 0:29:09.720
<v Speaker 1>But not like you would think, it's pretty remarkable because

0:29:09.720 --> 0:29:12.320
<v Speaker 1>what they do is they well, first of all, they

0:29:12.360 --> 0:29:15.520
<v Speaker 1>have to recognize each other, like I said, using those antennae,

0:29:16.040 --> 0:29:19.840
<v Speaker 1>they recognize themselves as the same species or whatever. And

0:29:20.120 --> 0:29:22.640
<v Speaker 1>through their pheromones as well, which is also the antennae,

0:29:23.200 --> 0:29:28.840
<v Speaker 1>and then the male delivers a spermatophore, so it's like, hey,

0:29:29.000 --> 0:29:31.680
<v Speaker 1>I don't just have sperm for you. I've packaged it

0:29:31.760 --> 0:29:34.680
<v Speaker 1>up in a little package for you, and it's got

0:29:34.720 --> 0:29:37.040
<v Speaker 1>all these other minerals and nutrients that you love that

0:29:37.040 --> 0:29:41.360
<v Speaker 1>will help you in this fertilization process. And they will

0:29:41.440 --> 0:29:45.560
<v Speaker 1>take extra time to get an extra good spermatophore package

0:29:45.600 --> 0:29:49.600
<v Speaker 1>ready to be an extra attractive mate. The good ones

0:29:49.640 --> 0:29:51.400
<v Speaker 1>will sure.

0:29:52.680 --> 0:29:59.320
<v Speaker 2>So I guess the female butterflies when they fertilize their eggs,

0:29:59.360 --> 0:30:04.400
<v Speaker 2>they use the the last sperm that was inserted to them,

0:30:04.440 --> 0:30:06.400
<v Speaker 2>the last spermatophor package.

0:30:06.800 --> 0:30:07.080
<v Speaker 1>Yeah.

0:30:07.080 --> 0:30:10.920
<v Speaker 2>So there are some species where the male will basically

0:30:11.400 --> 0:30:15.440
<v Speaker 2>close up shop after he's inserted a spermataphor with kind

0:30:15.440 --> 0:30:18.280
<v Speaker 2>of like a sticky substance that prevents more sperm from

0:30:18.320 --> 0:30:21.360
<v Speaker 2>going in. So his sperm is the most recent sperm.

0:30:22.160 --> 0:30:24.320
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that's not very cool at all. But I guess

0:30:24.400 --> 0:30:26.840
<v Speaker 1>that guy's also like, you know what am I doing

0:30:26.960 --> 0:30:29.160
<v Speaker 1>giving you my spermataphor if you're just gonna use the

0:30:29.240 --> 0:30:31.600
<v Speaker 1>latest spermataphor that you got.

0:30:31.680 --> 0:30:34.800
<v Speaker 2>Exactly I went to a lot of trouble combining the spermatophoor.

0:30:35.600 --> 0:30:37.720
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, like, look at this stuff. Look at all these minerals.

0:30:38.840 --> 0:30:40.400
<v Speaker 1>I also saw that some of the males in some

0:30:40.440 --> 0:30:44.680
<v Speaker 1>species will spray them with an off putting scent. Huh,

0:30:44.720 --> 0:30:48.360
<v Speaker 1>so no other butterflies will want them. There are mating

0:30:48.440 --> 0:30:52.920
<v Speaker 1>dances that they'll do, and they, you know, when the

0:30:52.960 --> 0:30:56.520
<v Speaker 1>female gets this spermataphor, they put it in their bursa

0:30:57.080 --> 0:30:59.479
<v Speaker 1>and then they wait until they're ready to lay their eggs.

0:30:59.520 --> 0:31:03.320
<v Speaker 1>And they actually lay the eggs first and then use

0:31:03.400 --> 0:31:05.800
<v Speaker 1>the sperm to fertilize them once they have laid the eggs,

0:31:05.800 --> 0:31:09.080
<v Speaker 1>which is also I think pretty unusual in the insect kingdom.

0:31:09.120 --> 0:31:12.920
<v Speaker 2>Right, I don't know. For some reason, I had the

0:31:12.960 --> 0:31:16.600
<v Speaker 2>impression that they were fertilizing each egg as they were

0:31:16.600 --> 0:31:19.840
<v Speaker 2>coming out, kind of like a pez dispenser. Yeah.

0:31:19.920 --> 0:31:21.520
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that's what I mean though, But they're not, like

0:31:21.760 --> 0:31:24.200
<v Speaker 1>they're not fertilized in the body.

0:31:24.400 --> 0:31:26.840
<v Speaker 2>I see what you're saying. They're fertilized externally.

0:31:27.200 --> 0:31:29.080
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, yeah, sure, that's the word.

0:31:30.600 --> 0:31:33.440
<v Speaker 2>One other thing you talked about terrible smells. I turned

0:31:33.480 --> 0:31:40.360
<v Speaker 2>up that there some pheromones are pleasant smelling to humans. Specifically,

0:31:40.720 --> 0:31:43.880
<v Speaker 2>let me tell you about the green vein white butterfly.

0:31:44.480 --> 0:31:45.200
<v Speaker 1>Let's hear it.

0:31:45.200 --> 0:31:48.160
<v Speaker 2>It puts together lemon oil for all intents and purposes.

0:31:48.200 --> 0:31:50.920
<v Speaker 2>It has the same chemical composition as lemon oil, but

0:31:51.000 --> 0:31:53.680
<v Speaker 2>it's the pheromone it produces to attract a mate. And

0:31:53.720 --> 0:31:55.640
<v Speaker 2>I got to tell you, lemon oil is a pretty

0:31:55.640 --> 0:31:57.120
<v Speaker 2>great smell. It would attract me too.

0:31:57.680 --> 0:31:58.120
<v Speaker 1>I love it.

0:31:58.200 --> 0:32:00.960
<v Speaker 2>So if you ever smell a great vein white during

0:32:01.000 --> 0:32:03.360
<v Speaker 2>mating season, you're gonna smell some lemon oil.

0:32:05.480 --> 0:32:09.080
<v Speaker 1>The gestation periods about three days, and they lay anywhere

0:32:09.200 --> 0:32:13.080
<v Speaker 1>from ten to three hundred eggs in clusters over a

0:32:13.120 --> 0:32:14.400
<v Speaker 1>two to four week period.

0:32:15.360 --> 0:32:16.480
<v Speaker 2>Oh wow, it's that long.

0:32:17.600 --> 0:32:21.360
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it can't. Yeah, two to four weeks and these eggs,

0:32:21.480 --> 0:32:23.800
<v Speaker 1>you know, they lay that many because it's tough for

0:32:23.880 --> 0:32:28.040
<v Speaker 1>these eggs to survive into adulthood. They got to be

0:32:28.200 --> 0:32:30.440
<v Speaker 1>the temperature's got to be just right, humidity's got to

0:32:30.440 --> 0:32:33.400
<v Speaker 1>be just right. They can rot very easily if it's

0:32:33.400 --> 0:32:36.400
<v Speaker 1>too wet. If it's not wet enough, they're going to

0:32:36.480 --> 0:32:39.440
<v Speaker 1>dry out. And then of course there's all those predators

0:32:39.440 --> 0:32:41.560
<v Speaker 1>that are just dying to eat those butterfly eggs.

0:32:41.680 --> 0:32:44.480
<v Speaker 2>They need to find the goldilock zone with the humidity

0:32:44.520 --> 0:32:45.440
<v Speaker 2>for the eggs.

0:32:45.840 --> 0:32:46.680
<v Speaker 1>That's right, they do.

0:32:47.040 --> 0:32:49.640
<v Speaker 2>So they also make sure that they put the eggs

0:32:49.680 --> 0:32:52.760
<v Speaker 2>on their baby's favorite food, which is a certain kind

0:32:52.760 --> 0:32:58.640
<v Speaker 2>of plant. Their butterflies are very frequently indiscriminate pollinators. They

0:32:58.720 --> 0:33:00.720
<v Speaker 2>just go from plant to plant. But there are also

0:33:00.840 --> 0:33:04.040
<v Speaker 2>plenty of species that are very plant specific, and those

0:33:04.040 --> 0:33:06.920
<v Speaker 2>are the ones where they will not only eat that

0:33:07.000 --> 0:33:10.160
<v Speaker 2>plant while they're caterpillars, they were probably born on that

0:33:10.240 --> 0:33:11.280
<v Speaker 2>same plant as well.

0:33:11.680 --> 0:33:13.640
<v Speaker 1>We used to have a butterfly bush in our yard

0:33:13.680 --> 0:33:17.880
<v Speaker 1>that was those things get really big and out of control,

0:33:18.840 --> 0:33:20.360
<v Speaker 1>kind of in a we have sort of a wild

0:33:20.400 --> 0:33:23.280
<v Speaker 1>garden anyway. It's not like a you know, super manicure

0:33:23.320 --> 0:33:26.080
<v Speaker 1>like English type garden. It's kind of a crazy, fun garden.

0:33:26.520 --> 0:33:29.280
<v Speaker 1>So it fit in the garden and we had tons

0:33:29.320 --> 0:33:32.440
<v Speaker 1>and tons of butterflies. But it went away. And I

0:33:32.480 --> 0:33:34.240
<v Speaker 1>don't know if it was because I think some people,

0:33:35.160 --> 0:33:37.040
<v Speaker 1>well I think it could be an invasive species, and

0:33:37.080 --> 0:33:38.800
<v Speaker 1>a lot of people say, like they'll play it the

0:33:38.800 --> 0:33:41.320
<v Speaker 1>butterfly bush, but we had one for a while but

0:33:41.400 --> 0:33:43.640
<v Speaker 1>don't now, so Emily may have taken it down for

0:33:43.680 --> 0:33:44.080
<v Speaker 1>that reason.

0:33:44.200 --> 0:33:47.280
<v Speaker 2>So the reason it's considered invasive and harmful the butterflies

0:33:47.360 --> 0:33:50.360
<v Speaker 2>is it produces tons of nectar, but it has no

0:33:50.720 --> 0:33:55.440
<v Speaker 2>value in supporting eggs or the life cycle of it

0:33:55.520 --> 0:34:00.000
<v Speaker 2>other than nectar for adults, And so it's a distract

0:34:00.360 --> 0:34:04.040
<v Speaker 2>from native plants that do provide not just nectar but

0:34:04.120 --> 0:34:07.239
<v Speaker 2>also shelter and a place to lay their eggs. So

0:34:07.280 --> 0:34:10.319
<v Speaker 2>it actually disrupts the life cycle of local butterflies. Even

0:34:10.360 --> 0:34:12.839
<v Speaker 2>though it's a butterfly bush and they love it, it's

0:34:12.880 --> 0:34:15.040
<v Speaker 2>actually bad for them. So I have to go cut

0:34:15.040 --> 0:34:16.000
<v Speaker 2>down mine after this.

0:34:17.000 --> 0:34:19.280
<v Speaker 1>Even if you have a lot of those natives nearby,

0:34:19.480 --> 0:34:21.280
<v Speaker 1>like as a whole, it's still bad, yes.

0:34:21.120 --> 0:34:23.840
<v Speaker 2>Because it's a distraction because it's so chuck full of

0:34:23.880 --> 0:34:26.520
<v Speaker 2>nectar that they go to that one instead and just

0:34:26.600 --> 0:34:27.120
<v Speaker 2>die off.

0:34:28.160 --> 0:34:30.600
<v Speaker 1>Well, some distractions are okay, right, like television.

0:34:31.280 --> 0:34:33.919
<v Speaker 2>Sure, you could put a TV with an extension cord

0:34:33.920 --> 0:34:36.319
<v Speaker 2>out in your butterfly garden. That's not going to harm them.

0:34:36.600 --> 0:34:39.279
<v Speaker 2>If you have a butterfly bush, you have to chop

0:34:39.320 --> 0:34:41.560
<v Speaker 2>it down. I command you, all right.

0:34:42.360 --> 0:34:44.520
<v Speaker 1>They're really pretty though, and it's fun to see other butterflies,

0:34:44.520 --> 0:34:45.880
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, I get you.

0:34:46.200 --> 0:34:49.640
<v Speaker 2>In the But wait until you've planted other plants, which

0:34:49.680 --> 0:34:51.520
<v Speaker 2>we'll talk about, and then you can chop down your

0:34:51.520 --> 0:34:52.719
<v Speaker 2>butterfly bush.

0:34:53.280 --> 0:34:55.760
<v Speaker 1>All right, Well, let's take a break or second break,

0:34:56.280 --> 0:34:59.359
<v Speaker 1>and we'll talk a little bit more about what's going

0:34:59.360 --> 0:35:02.839
<v Speaker 1>on with a butterf population and the butterfly gardens right

0:35:02.880 --> 0:35:30.440
<v Speaker 1>after this. Okay, Well, we talked already about the monarchs

0:35:30.480 --> 0:35:33.680
<v Speaker 1>and how they had been hit hard from the illegal

0:35:33.719 --> 0:35:37.240
<v Speaker 1>logging going on in Mexico in the mid twenty tens,

0:35:38.280 --> 0:35:43.399
<v Speaker 1>and in general, butterflies are doing okay, but there are

0:35:43.480 --> 0:35:45.800
<v Speaker 1>some you know, pesticides and things like that. I think

0:35:47.120 --> 0:35:50.239
<v Speaker 1>one of the other big reasons besides the logging for

0:35:50.280 --> 0:35:53.080
<v Speaker 1>that migration of the monarchs, I think pesticides has killed

0:35:53.080 --> 0:35:55.960
<v Speaker 1>a lot of milkweed, which I think the monarchs love.

0:35:56.920 --> 0:35:59.400
<v Speaker 1>So pesticides are a big threat. And it's not like

0:36:00.040 --> 0:36:01.520
<v Speaker 1>I'm just going to spray this one little part of

0:36:01.560 --> 0:36:04.719
<v Speaker 1>my garden, Like pesticides in your garden in one part

0:36:04.760 --> 0:36:07.719
<v Speaker 1>of your garden generally means it's in most parts of

0:36:07.760 --> 0:36:08.120
<v Speaker 1>your garden.

0:36:08.239 --> 0:36:10.400
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it travels very easily. But on top of that,

0:36:10.440 --> 0:36:15.200
<v Speaker 2>butterflies are extremely sensitive to pesticides. So I don't know

0:36:15.239 --> 0:36:18.600
<v Speaker 2>about herbicides, but definitely pesticides, So if you are going

0:36:18.600 --> 0:36:20.800
<v Speaker 2>to plan a butterfly garden, you want to use natural

0:36:20.840 --> 0:36:24.000
<v Speaker 2>pest defenses. But that's a big thing that's killing off

0:36:24.040 --> 0:36:25.520
<v Speaker 2>butterflies and bees too.

0:36:26.480 --> 0:36:27.040
<v Speaker 1>Yeah.

0:36:27.080 --> 0:36:29.400
<v Speaker 2>And then also we talked about it in the last episode.

0:36:29.440 --> 0:36:31.919
<v Speaker 2>A lot of people think of caterpillars as pests. It's like, oh,

0:36:31.960 --> 0:36:33.960
<v Speaker 2>you ate some of them, I lettuce, I'm going to

0:36:34.080 --> 0:36:38.759
<v Speaker 2>kill all of you. That kills butterflies too. They never

0:36:38.800 --> 0:36:41.520
<v Speaker 2>make it to be adult butterflies, and you've just disrupted

0:36:41.560 --> 0:36:45.759
<v Speaker 2>generations of butterflies that could have been So when you

0:36:45.800 --> 0:36:48.920
<v Speaker 2>put all that together, humans have not been super good

0:36:48.920 --> 0:36:53.719
<v Speaker 2>for butterflies. Did you mention urbanization and roads too? Now

0:36:54.120 --> 0:36:56.960
<v Speaker 2>those are a problem. Like anytime we build somewhere, we

0:36:57.080 --> 0:36:59.880
<v Speaker 2>destroy plants, and those often are butterflies or that's a

0:37:00.000 --> 0:37:04.520
<v Speaker 2>butterfly habitat. And then the roads that we have, the

0:37:04.600 --> 0:37:07.640
<v Speaker 2>marginal land alongside of the roads are often like great

0:37:07.719 --> 0:37:12.799
<v Speaker 2>places for butterfly centric plants to grow. But that means

0:37:12.840 --> 0:37:14.960
<v Speaker 2>that the butterflies are very close to cars that are

0:37:14.960 --> 0:37:17.600
<v Speaker 2>going seventy eighty miles an hour, which is never good

0:37:17.640 --> 0:37:21.120
<v Speaker 2>for the butterfly when they come in contact with them. So, yeah,

0:37:21.160 --> 0:37:23.200
<v Speaker 2>like I was saying, humans have been kind of bad

0:37:23.239 --> 0:37:26.560
<v Speaker 2>for butterflies, but fortunately we're starting to wake up and

0:37:27.000 --> 0:37:30.640
<v Speaker 2>see the value in butterflies goes beyond like let's put

0:37:30.680 --> 0:37:33.600
<v Speaker 2>that thing on a stamp, Like, there's there's more value

0:37:33.600 --> 0:37:36.600
<v Speaker 2>to the butterfly than just its esthetic beauty. But that

0:37:36.680 --> 0:37:38.640
<v Speaker 2>makes it plenty valuable in and of itself.

0:37:39.440 --> 0:37:44.080
<v Speaker 1>I wonder if butterflies and other insects would ever if

0:37:44.160 --> 0:37:47.200
<v Speaker 1>natural selection would be such that they would learn to

0:37:47.280 --> 0:37:50.600
<v Speaker 1>fly higher than the height of an average car.

0:37:51.200 --> 0:37:53.759
<v Speaker 2>Sure, I could see that, but then they run into

0:37:53.760 --> 0:37:57.279
<v Speaker 2>semis and they're like, it's going to take millions more

0:37:57.400 --> 0:37:59.400
<v Speaker 2>years to get higher than a semi.

0:38:00.080 --> 0:38:01.080
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that's a good point.

0:38:01.360 --> 0:38:04.600
<v Speaker 2>Maybe they'll figure out how to fly under cars very quickly.

0:38:05.080 --> 0:38:12.080
<v Speaker 1>Okay, that collecting butterflies is, believe it or not, another

0:38:12.160 --> 0:38:16.719
<v Speaker 1>thing that has hit the butterfly population. Butterfly collecting butterflies

0:38:16.800 --> 0:38:21.360
<v Speaker 1>is a thing. Hunting butterflies and putting them behind glass

0:38:21.400 --> 0:38:24.640
<v Speaker 1>in your office is a thing that some people are

0:38:24.640 --> 0:38:27.080
<v Speaker 1>really into. And I don't know a lot about that,

0:38:28.000 --> 0:38:32.560
<v Speaker 1>but I do know that that there are certain species

0:38:32.600 --> 0:38:36.840
<v Speaker 1>that are endangered, and part of the problem is over collecting.

0:38:36.920 --> 0:38:40.200
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and the more rare a butterfly species gets, the

0:38:40.200 --> 0:38:44.719
<v Speaker 2>more desirable it is for collectors, and the more collecting

0:38:44.840 --> 0:38:48.920
<v Speaker 2>harms that population because it's so small. So or a burros,

0:38:49.000 --> 0:38:50.000
<v Speaker 2>but the worst kind.

0:38:50.800 --> 0:38:53.760
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and I imagine we'll hear from some collectors who

0:38:54.520 --> 0:38:56.520
<v Speaker 1>who can tell us that there are responsible ways of

0:38:56.560 --> 0:38:58.600
<v Speaker 1>doing this. I really don't know enough about it to

0:38:58.600 --> 0:39:00.960
<v Speaker 1>speak to it, but I'm not gonna click butterflies, That's

0:39:00.960 --> 0:39:01.640
<v Speaker 1>all I'm gonna say.

0:39:02.520 --> 0:39:04.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I wonder if it's one of those things like ivory,

0:39:04.640 --> 0:39:07.360
<v Speaker 2>where it's like, Okay, this happened, this is done, Like

0:39:07.400 --> 0:39:12.200
<v Speaker 2>these things are are out there and we're not just

0:39:12.239 --> 0:39:16.440
<v Speaker 2>gonna throw them away. That's an even bigger waste. So

0:39:17.040 --> 0:39:21.520
<v Speaker 2>like antique ivory or antique taxidermy, butterflies are legal, but

0:39:21.640 --> 0:39:24.799
<v Speaker 2>anything new is illegal. I wonder if it's treated like

0:39:24.880 --> 0:39:27.239
<v Speaker 2>that or what. But I get the impression that butterflies

0:39:27.239 --> 0:39:30.520
<v Speaker 2>don't have that much legal protection. I think they do

0:39:30.600 --> 0:39:33.440
<v Speaker 2>on paper, but it's very rarely enforced.

0:39:33.680 --> 0:39:36.439
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. I guess if you find one in the ground

0:39:36.520 --> 0:39:38.840
<v Speaker 1>or something that's uh, you know that for your collection.

0:39:39.719 --> 0:39:43.280
<v Speaker 1>Sure not sunning on a rock, but you know dead right.

0:39:43.239 --> 0:39:46.040
<v Speaker 2>Sure it just fell over of old age.

0:39:46.600 --> 0:39:49.960
<v Speaker 1>Uh, should we talk about butterfly gardens here at the end.

0:39:50.280 --> 0:39:53.840
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, because one of the things people are doing or saying, like, hey, butterflies,

0:39:53.880 --> 0:39:57.080
<v Speaker 2>we got to save these butterflies. If we don't, things

0:39:57.120 --> 0:39:59.799
<v Speaker 2>are gonna go pear shaped even more. And so people

0:39:59.840 --> 0:40:01.799
<v Speaker 2>are starting to plant butterfly gardens.

0:40:02.120 --> 0:40:04.360
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, because I think you said they're a big indicator

0:40:04.960 --> 0:40:08.160
<v Speaker 1>of like, if butterflies are dying off all around you,

0:40:08.200 --> 0:40:10.799
<v Speaker 1>that's a big indicator of how your local ecosystem is doing,

0:40:11.000 --> 0:40:11.800
<v Speaker 1>in large part.

0:40:11.680 --> 0:40:13.160
<v Speaker 2>The canary and the coal mine.

0:40:13.600 --> 0:40:17.000
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, exactly. And butterfly gardens are beautiful and it doesn't

0:40:17.000 --> 0:40:20.839
<v Speaker 1>take a lot. You need some plants, and you're gonna

0:40:20.840 --> 0:40:22.520
<v Speaker 1>want plants. Well, you're gonna want to find out what

0:40:22.600 --> 0:40:24.120
<v Speaker 1>kind of butterflies you have around you.

0:40:24.200 --> 0:40:24.839
<v Speaker 2>That's a big one.

0:40:25.560 --> 0:40:28.280
<v Speaker 1>You can look with your eyeballs and then cross reference,

0:40:28.400 --> 0:40:29.800
<v Speaker 1>or you can just look it up on the internet,

0:40:30.480 --> 0:40:31.719
<v Speaker 1>and then you want to find out what kind of

0:40:31.719 --> 0:40:34.680
<v Speaker 1>plants those butterflies love that are native to your area

0:40:35.280 --> 0:40:36.360
<v Speaker 1>and plant those.

0:40:36.800 --> 0:40:39.279
<v Speaker 2>Chuck. When I was researching this, all I wanted to

0:40:39.280 --> 0:40:41.399
<v Speaker 2>do was be done with this episode so I can

0:40:41.440 --> 0:40:42.080
<v Speaker 2>go garden.

0:40:42.800 --> 0:40:45.360
<v Speaker 1>Oh. I love that Emily's gardening. I'm looking at it

0:40:45.480 --> 0:40:47.200
<v Speaker 1>right now, is gardening outside?

0:40:47.239 --> 0:40:49.360
<v Speaker 2>Well, pound on your window and tell her I'm jealous

0:40:49.400 --> 0:40:49.680
<v Speaker 2>of her.

0:40:50.680 --> 0:40:53.160
<v Speaker 1>We got I put it on my Instagram. I don't

0:40:53.160 --> 0:40:56.240
<v Speaker 1>know if you saw it, but I saw a huge,

0:40:57.280 --> 0:41:00.160
<v Speaker 1>well it's not that big, but a hornet's nest in

0:41:00.200 --> 0:41:03.600
<v Speaker 1>our backyard yesterday. That is the coolest, most beautiful thing.

0:41:04.239 --> 0:41:07.479
<v Speaker 1>I'm kind of tucked in a magnolia branch about only

0:41:07.560 --> 0:41:10.120
<v Speaker 1>four feet off the ground. Yeah, And I'm glad I

0:41:10.120 --> 0:41:11.719
<v Speaker 1>saw it because I was about to go do some

0:41:12.200 --> 0:41:15.080
<v Speaker 1>trimming of my box woods right behind it in a

0:41:15.080 --> 0:41:17.440
<v Speaker 1>few days and I would have bumped right into that thing.

0:41:17.520 --> 0:41:18.200
<v Speaker 2>So, oh boy.

0:41:18.800 --> 0:41:21.440
<v Speaker 1>Now we're just going to steer clear of it until

0:41:21.560 --> 0:41:24.440
<v Speaker 1>it is out of season and then hopefully try and

0:41:24.440 --> 0:41:27.920
<v Speaker 1>preserve it. But hornets ness are so cool looking, and

0:41:27.960 --> 0:41:29.719
<v Speaker 1>I just love that we have one back there. We

0:41:29.760 --> 0:41:32.200
<v Speaker 1>got a crazy backyard full of all kinds of critters.

0:41:32.239 --> 0:41:35.320
<v Speaker 2>Does it look like a mummy's head? Sometimes it looks.

0:41:35.400 --> 0:41:38.600
<v Speaker 1>It looks like a sort of a mummy's head, But

0:41:38.920 --> 0:41:42.080
<v Speaker 1>if it was an alien mummy, because it's like top heavy,

0:41:42.719 --> 0:41:44.040
<v Speaker 1>and it looks like it has a little mouth at

0:41:44.040 --> 0:41:46.520
<v Speaker 1>the bottom. You know, their little door. Yeah, I'll send

0:41:46.560 --> 0:41:47.359
<v Speaker 1>you a picture, it's cool.

0:41:47.480 --> 0:41:49.879
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, or I can just go on Instagram like everybody else.

0:41:50.480 --> 0:41:52.520
<v Speaker 1>Now you get text privies.

0:41:52.640 --> 0:41:53.160
<v Speaker 2>Thanks man.

0:41:55.040 --> 0:41:57.719
<v Speaker 1>What else about the butterfly guarden? You need water, right, Yeah?

0:41:57.880 --> 0:42:01.080
<v Speaker 2>Remember they like to drink minerals from puddles, So if

0:42:01.080 --> 0:42:04.040
<v Speaker 2>you have a little bit of water dripping that forms

0:42:04.040 --> 0:42:06.319
<v Speaker 2>a puddle in the soil, that's definitely gonna help them.

0:42:06.520 --> 0:42:10.359
<v Speaker 2>You want rocks for them to sun on. A big one, Chuck,

0:42:10.440 --> 0:42:12.920
<v Speaker 2>is you want to use native plants. I know you

0:42:12.960 --> 0:42:15.160
<v Speaker 2>and Emily are like big into that, and I feel

0:42:15.200 --> 0:42:19.440
<v Speaker 2>like people, including myself, are really waking up to just

0:42:19.520 --> 0:42:23.719
<v Speaker 2>how bad for the local ecosystem like non native plants are,

0:42:24.560 --> 0:42:28.359
<v Speaker 2>and to use native plants whenever you can when you're

0:42:28.480 --> 0:42:33.040
<v Speaker 2>building a butterfly garden. It's crucial because even plants within

0:42:33.080 --> 0:42:36.719
<v Speaker 2>the same species can be harmful to butterflies. Yeah, and

0:42:36.800 --> 0:42:39.719
<v Speaker 2>I have an example if you'll allow me. Sure, So,

0:42:39.840 --> 0:42:43.880
<v Speaker 2>butterflies in Florida and Georgia in the southeast in general,

0:42:43.920 --> 0:42:47.240
<v Speaker 2>I think, are very very keen on what's called butterfly weed.

0:42:48.000 --> 0:42:52.840
<v Speaker 2>It's what monarchs love. It's that very tiny, multi flowered,

0:42:52.880 --> 0:42:58.840
<v Speaker 2>orange flowered weed. It's a type of milk weed. Okay, yeah,

0:42:58.880 --> 0:43:02.919
<v Speaker 2>that's native. There's another kind of milkweed called tropical milk

0:43:02.960 --> 0:43:05.239
<v Speaker 2>weed that does just fine in Florida and Georgia in

0:43:05.280 --> 0:43:08.720
<v Speaker 2>the southeast too, but it's not native. And the problem

0:43:08.760 --> 0:43:12.080
<v Speaker 2>with putting that in your butterfly garden into the Southeast

0:43:12.640 --> 0:43:16.879
<v Speaker 2>is that it blooms so late into the season that

0:43:17.360 --> 0:43:21.320
<v Speaker 2>butterflies will keep reproducing and entire parts of the population

0:43:21.400 --> 0:43:25.360
<v Speaker 2>will freeze to death because they've gone beyond their natural

0:43:25.640 --> 0:43:30.200
<v Speaker 2>reproductive window. And then furthermore, when the temperature drops a

0:43:30.200 --> 0:43:33.200
<v Speaker 2>little bit, they're more susceptible to a specific kind of

0:43:33.200 --> 0:43:38.520
<v Speaker 2>protozoan parasite called ot or oe I. Can't remember that

0:43:38.560 --> 0:43:40.719
<v Speaker 2>they wouldn't otherwise be if they were just on the

0:43:41.160 --> 0:43:45.000
<v Speaker 2>native milkweed rather than the tropical milkweed. So like, that's

0:43:45.000 --> 0:43:47.120
<v Speaker 2>how much attention you really should be paying to your

0:43:47.120 --> 0:43:50.319
<v Speaker 2>butterfly garden, because you can inadvertently harm them while you're

0:43:50.360 --> 0:43:52.480
<v Speaker 2>doing something you think is good for them, like putting

0:43:52.480 --> 0:43:55.920
<v Speaker 2>a butterfly bush out there. Everybody would think, like, that's great,

0:43:56.080 --> 0:43:58.000
<v Speaker 2>I'm gonna put a butterfly bush out and I can

0:43:58.160 --> 0:44:01.600
<v Speaker 2>pretty much call myself Gandhi from here on out the butterflies.

0:44:02.360 --> 0:44:04.360
<v Speaker 2>But it turns out you're harming them. So it's definitely

0:44:04.360 --> 0:44:06.880
<v Speaker 2>something that you need to take some research for. But

0:44:06.960 --> 0:44:09.920
<v Speaker 2>it's the kind of research that it's like an invitation

0:44:10.080 --> 0:44:12.799
<v Speaker 2>to go, like immerse yourself in the natural world in

0:44:12.920 --> 0:44:14.480
<v Speaker 2>all of the best ways.

0:44:14.800 --> 0:44:17.280
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. Boy, that butterfly weed is beautiful.

0:44:17.440 --> 0:44:20.360
<v Speaker 2>Yes it is, and it's native to Georgia. So you

0:44:20.520 --> 0:44:21.399
<v Speaker 2>just plan it all you.

0:44:21.480 --> 0:44:24.160
<v Speaker 1>Like, you know what, I'm gonna go tell Emily like, oh,

0:44:24.160 --> 0:44:26.040
<v Speaker 1>this butterfly milkweed and shes gonna be like it's right

0:44:26.040 --> 0:44:27.239
<v Speaker 1>behind you, coming right.

0:44:27.480 --> 0:44:29.439
<v Speaker 2>But it's not only a food source, it's a it's

0:44:29.480 --> 0:44:31.839
<v Speaker 2>like a place where monarchs lay their eggs. So you

0:44:31.920 --> 0:44:35.759
<v Speaker 2>will have butterflies like living in your garden. I mean

0:44:35.800 --> 0:44:37.920
<v Speaker 2>they'll fly to Mexico eventually, but they'll hang out there

0:44:37.960 --> 0:44:39.399
<v Speaker 2>for a while. Yeah.

0:44:39.440 --> 0:44:41.839
<v Speaker 1>I mean that's the cool thing about the butterfly garden too.

0:44:41.960 --> 0:44:44.319
<v Speaker 1>If you if you do it right, then you're you're

0:44:44.320 --> 0:44:47.200
<v Speaker 1>gonna have butterflies in your yard. And not only that,

0:44:47.280 --> 0:44:52.000
<v Speaker 1>but butterflies are gonna like word gets around and it'll

0:44:52.040 --> 0:44:55.680
<v Speaker 1>become a place for butterflies. It'll become like a haven

0:44:55.719 --> 0:44:58.480
<v Speaker 1>for butterflies, and they don't. They don't generally, I mean

0:44:58.520 --> 0:45:01.080
<v Speaker 1>the ones who migrate migrate. But other than that, you

0:45:01.120 --> 0:45:04.160
<v Speaker 1>could have you could have butterflies families living their whole

0:45:04.200 --> 0:45:05.400
<v Speaker 1>life back there in your backyard.

0:45:05.480 --> 0:45:08.520
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. And speaking of backyards, I've got a backyard. A

0:45:08.600 --> 0:45:11.840
<v Speaker 2>lower part of my backyard is kind of wild. I

0:45:11.960 --> 0:45:14.400
<v Speaker 2>keep it wild, like I don't know it very often,

0:45:14.440 --> 0:45:16.520
<v Speaker 2>and there's lots of weeds and like little clovers and

0:45:16.520 --> 0:45:19.400
<v Speaker 2>stuff growing. So I've left it there for the beds,

0:45:19.480 --> 0:45:21.600
<v Speaker 2>the birds and the bees and all that and the butterflies.

0:45:21.840 --> 0:45:24.680
<v Speaker 2>But I'm going full on, man, I'm going to let

0:45:24.800 --> 0:45:27.880
<v Speaker 2>Oh yes, it's gonna be all butterflies, like up to

0:45:27.960 --> 0:45:31.520
<v Speaker 2>your hips butterfly stuff. I cannot wait to go plan it.

0:45:31.520 --> 0:45:34.279
<v Speaker 2>It's I'm really looking forward to it because it's really

0:45:34.400 --> 0:45:36.480
<v Speaker 2>goes right up to the edge of some woods too,

0:45:36.600 --> 0:45:39.319
<v Speaker 2>so it's gonna be amazing.

0:45:40.160 --> 0:45:45.120
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, there's something we really love like leading green spaces

0:45:45.160 --> 0:45:49.279
<v Speaker 1>and making it an invitation for animals, you know, like

0:45:49.320 --> 0:45:51.120
<v Speaker 1>I got my camp up there in North Georgia, and

0:45:51.160 --> 0:45:54.719
<v Speaker 1>like all of North Georgia is just being torn down

0:45:54.719 --> 0:45:57.799
<v Speaker 1>for neighborhoods and and or and you know, if you're

0:45:57.800 --> 0:46:00.160
<v Speaker 1>a hunter. Let's fine that that's your thing. I'm not

0:46:00.239 --> 0:46:02.600
<v Speaker 1>into it. And we love that we have this acreage

0:46:02.960 --> 0:46:07.040
<v Speaker 1>where we're just like, tell your dear buddies this to

0:46:07.239 --> 0:46:09.960
<v Speaker 1>come to our land setup shop here. No one will

0:46:09.960 --> 0:46:13.040
<v Speaker 1>be shooting you, and spread the word everybody. We have.

0:46:13.160 --> 0:46:15.839
<v Speaker 1>We have a safe space for all you critters out here.

0:46:16.400 --> 0:46:19.960
<v Speaker 2>Yes, except for humans, because it's also a most dangerous

0:46:20.000 --> 0:46:21.600
<v Speaker 2>game type setup. You got going there?

0:46:21.640 --> 0:46:24.440
<v Speaker 1>Huh well sure the weekends.

0:46:24.960 --> 0:46:28.279
<v Speaker 2>Right. Let's see one more thing about butterflies. There is

0:46:28.320 --> 0:46:30.360
<v Speaker 2>an amazing fact that I think we can end on.

0:46:30.400 --> 0:46:32.040
<v Speaker 1>How about that, Let's do it.

0:46:32.920 --> 0:46:38.320
<v Speaker 2>They're frequently cited as inspiring the discovery of the RH

0:46:38.400 --> 0:46:41.480
<v Speaker 2>blood factor, which is a type of subtype of blood types,

0:46:42.400 --> 0:46:45.600
<v Speaker 2>and it actually cured what's known as Rhese's hemolytic disease,

0:46:46.120 --> 0:46:49.720
<v Speaker 2>which is where a baby has a positive RH blood

0:46:49.760 --> 0:46:52.360
<v Speaker 2>type and is born from a mother with a negative

0:46:52.480 --> 0:46:56.240
<v Speaker 2>RH blood type and its immune system starts attacking its blood.

0:46:56.680 --> 0:47:00.760
<v Speaker 2>Not good, but the discover of the R blood factor.

0:47:01.000 --> 0:47:03.319
<v Speaker 2>His name is Sir Cyril Clark, and he was big

0:47:03.360 --> 0:47:06.239
<v Speaker 2>time in the butterflies, and he was inspired by the

0:47:06.280 --> 0:47:12.040
<v Speaker 2>butterfly's ability to mimic other butterflies genetically, that they had

0:47:12.040 --> 0:47:14.360
<v Speaker 2>these what are called super genes, these big clusters of

0:47:14.440 --> 0:47:17.200
<v Speaker 2>genes that all produce this mimicry, and that we're refined

0:47:17.239 --> 0:47:19.640
<v Speaker 2>by smaller genes over time. And he was like, I

0:47:19.680 --> 0:47:23.360
<v Speaker 2>wonder if that has to do with blood types and diseases,

0:47:23.400 --> 0:47:26.879
<v Speaker 2>and in fact, it was Oh, wow, yeah, so butterflies,

0:47:27.160 --> 0:47:33.080
<v Speaker 2>super useful, super beautiful. Go cut down your butterfly bush today. Amazing,

0:47:33.800 --> 0:47:36.160
<v Speaker 2>Chuck said, amazing. So that means it's time for listener

0:47:36.200 --> 0:47:39.520
<v Speaker 2>mail everybody.

0:47:40.080 --> 0:47:46.480
<v Speaker 1>I'm gonna call this our influence on Spotify. Perhaps, Hey, guys,

0:47:46.520 --> 0:47:48.880
<v Speaker 1>I was wondering, wondering if you were aware of your

0:47:48.880 --> 0:47:52.360
<v Speaker 1>potential impact on Spotify searches. On the Milli Vanilli episode,

0:47:52.400 --> 0:47:55.279
<v Speaker 1>Josh mentioned the song owner of a Lonely Heart by

0:47:55.360 --> 0:47:57.960
<v Speaker 1>Yes being the best song of the eighties, And in

0:47:58.000 --> 0:47:59.879
<v Speaker 1>my head, I'm like, I'm not sure what that song

0:47:59.960 --> 0:48:03.040
<v Speaker 1>is is, but I said it out loud and immediately

0:48:03.080 --> 0:48:05.279
<v Speaker 1>the chorus popped into my head. So I go over

0:48:05.600 --> 0:48:08.319
<v Speaker 1>to listen to it later on Spotify. I see a

0:48:08.360 --> 0:48:11.160
<v Speaker 1>ton of covers for it, and I see Millie Vanilli

0:48:11.239 --> 0:48:14.040
<v Speaker 1>is also in the search results, which was going to

0:48:14.080 --> 0:48:16.879
<v Speaker 1>be my next search. So I think you guys may

0:48:16.920 --> 0:48:19.840
<v Speaker 1>have had enough people searching Owner of a Lonely Heart

0:48:19.840 --> 0:48:24.080
<v Speaker 1>and Millie Vanilly close together so that the algorithm associated

0:48:24.080 --> 0:48:27.040
<v Speaker 1>those two. That's awesome because other than the time period,

0:48:27.080 --> 0:48:28.200
<v Speaker 1>it's not similar music.

0:48:28.239 --> 0:48:29.920
<v Speaker 2>You know, No, I would say not.

0:48:31.000 --> 0:48:33.120
<v Speaker 1>Maybe do a test to mention two unrelated songs for

0:48:33.239 --> 0:48:38.239
<v Speaker 1>something to see what happens. Oh boy, should we try it?

0:48:39.840 --> 0:48:43.040
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, let's mix Sabbath and you pick the other one.

0:48:43.960 --> 0:48:50.000
<v Speaker 1>Okay, So Black Sabbath, you name a song specifically, Warpigs. Okay, Warpigs. Hey, everybody,

0:48:50.040 --> 0:48:52.120
<v Speaker 1>if you haven't heard Warpigs, you should go search it

0:48:52.160 --> 0:48:55.600
<v Speaker 1>on Spotify. Give it a listen. It's a great song.

0:48:56.440 --> 0:49:00.400
<v Speaker 1>And while you're at it, I don't know if you've

0:49:00.440 --> 0:49:02.560
<v Speaker 1>ever heard Barry Manilow's Chuck.

0:49:02.800 --> 0:49:06.680
<v Speaker 2>I was going to suggest Barry Manilo I had it.

0:49:06.719 --> 0:49:08.800
<v Speaker 1>Well, I had a fifty to fifty chance there. I

0:49:08.800 --> 0:49:10.640
<v Speaker 1>don't know if you've ever heard the Barry Manilo song

0:49:12.040 --> 0:49:16.080
<v Speaker 1>even Now, but it's a classic Barry Manilo song. And

0:49:16.440 --> 0:49:18.440
<v Speaker 1>everyone should just go search those two on Spotify.

0:49:18.560 --> 0:49:21.759
<v Speaker 2>So war Pigs and even Now by Black Sabbath and

0:49:21.840 --> 0:49:24.760
<v Speaker 2>Barry Manilo, Let's see what happens. Let's see what happened.

0:49:24.800 --> 0:49:26.800
<v Speaker 2>That was a great experiment. Who was that from?

0:49:27.080 --> 0:49:30.960
<v Speaker 1>That was from Corey and I just want to give

0:49:31.000 --> 0:49:34.000
<v Speaker 1>Corey's to side notes. Saw you guys for the Andre

0:49:34.120 --> 0:49:38.240
<v Speaker 1>the Giant Live in Chicago episode. I also saw Josh's

0:49:38.280 --> 0:49:41.319
<v Speaker 1>Into the World Live in Chicago when you tour that

0:49:41.480 --> 0:49:44.600
<v Speaker 1>your short series. That was so great and I really

0:49:44.719 --> 0:49:47.759
<v Speaker 1>enjoy that. Josh walked by on his way in when

0:49:47.800 --> 0:49:51.440
<v Speaker 1>we were outside and patted my friend Sam on the shoulder,

0:49:52.480 --> 0:49:55.560
<v Speaker 1>and he's definitely mentioned that several times since then.

0:49:55.840 --> 0:49:56.480
<v Speaker 2>That's awesome.

0:49:57.280 --> 0:49:59.840
<v Speaker 1>So that's from Corey and you patted Sam on the shoulder.

0:50:00.040 --> 0:50:01.480
<v Speaker 1>I think that mean launch say.

0:50:01.360 --> 0:50:03.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, thanks for coming to see me, Sam and Corey.

0:50:03.560 --> 0:50:07.400
<v Speaker 2>It was a fun show. Actually, let's see if you

0:50:07.440 --> 0:50:10.239
<v Speaker 2>want to let us know how this experiment pans out.

0:50:10.360 --> 0:50:14.200
<v Speaker 2>Corey's experiment is what we're gonna call it Corey's choice.

0:50:14.239 --> 0:50:18.480
<v Speaker 2>How about that love it? No, let's call it a

0:50:20.640 --> 0:50:25.040
<v Speaker 2>Corey's song rather than Brian's song. Oh okay, okay, no,

0:50:25.360 --> 0:50:28.279
<v Speaker 2>Corey can wait perfect Okay.

0:50:28.840 --> 0:50:30.840
<v Speaker 1>So oh no, but how about Corey's in Charge?

0:50:31.000 --> 0:50:33.759
<v Speaker 2>Okay, that's a good one. That's perfect. We're gonna end

0:50:33.760 --> 0:50:36.440
<v Speaker 2>on that. If you want to let us know how

0:50:36.440 --> 0:50:39.440
<v Speaker 2>the Corey's in Charge experiment goes, but we'd love to

0:50:39.440 --> 0:50:41.880
<v Speaker 2>hear from you, you can send us an email to

0:50:41.960 --> 0:50:46.160
<v Speaker 2>Stuff podcast at iHeartRadio dot com.

0:50:47.760 --> 0:50:50.640
<v Speaker 1>Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

0:50:50.719 --> 0:50:54.880
<v Speaker 1>more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

0:50:55.000 --> 0:51:01.800
<v Speaker 1>or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.