1 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:04,200 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from how 2 00:00:04,280 --> 00:00:14,640 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:14,720 --> 00:00:18,239 Speaker 1: I'm Tracy Wolves and I'm Holly Frying. So a note 4 00:00:18,280 --> 00:00:21,959 Speaker 1: before we begin this. Some of John Harvey Kellogg's thought 5 00:00:22,120 --> 00:00:26,360 Speaker 1: was about the sexual health of adults. So if you 6 00:00:26,440 --> 00:00:29,200 Speaker 1: are listening with young children, be aware there is going 7 00:00:29,240 --> 00:00:32,240 Speaker 1: to be some talk about sex and some sexual terminology 8 00:00:32,240 --> 00:00:34,400 Speaker 1: in this episode. Yeah, a little bit of anatomy that 9 00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:36,120 Speaker 1: you may or may not have covered yet. Can I 10 00:00:36,159 --> 00:00:38,519 Speaker 1: tell you a story, poor favour. I used to be 11 00:00:38,880 --> 00:00:42,640 Speaker 1: a massage therapist, like a legitimate massage therapist. I had 12 00:00:42,680 --> 00:00:45,120 Speaker 1: a license and all that, and I was getting ready 13 00:00:45,120 --> 00:00:47,280 Speaker 1: to start my first full time job at a spa. 14 00:00:47,600 --> 00:00:49,680 Speaker 1: And this was the spa was like the kind of 15 00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:52,159 Speaker 1: place up in the mountains where you would go and 16 00:00:52,200 --> 00:00:55,080 Speaker 1: you would get three health food meals a day and 17 00:00:55,120 --> 00:00:57,520 Speaker 1: in addition to your massages, there were day hikes and 18 00:00:57,640 --> 00:01:01,000 Speaker 1: nutritional counseling and uh and that sort of thing. Like 19 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:05,919 Speaker 1: it was very health spa. Yeah, the kind of place 20 00:01:05,959 --> 00:01:09,440 Speaker 1: where there was such a focus on healthy eating that 21 00:01:09,520 --> 00:01:13,520 Speaker 1: people would routinely ask the maintenance guy and they could smuggle. 22 00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:18,919 Speaker 1: If you could smuggle some hamburgers for them. Um. So 23 00:01:19,160 --> 00:01:21,240 Speaker 1: the night before my first day of work there, I 24 00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:23,399 Speaker 1: was staying at this condo that had cable and I 25 00:01:23,440 --> 00:01:26,080 Speaker 1: hadn't had a TV at all for about four years, 26 00:01:26,600 --> 00:01:28,760 Speaker 1: so of course I turned it on and what was 27 00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:33,119 Speaker 1: on was coincidentally The Road to Wellville, which is based 28 00:01:33,120 --> 00:01:35,240 Speaker 1: on a book by TC Boyle. Yes, have you ever 29 00:01:35,280 --> 00:01:38,039 Speaker 1: seen this or read this? Yes? And yes, but it's 30 00:01:38,040 --> 00:01:39,800 Speaker 1: been quite some time on both of you. It's a 31 00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:43,760 Speaker 1: fictionalized comedy about John Harvey Kellogg, and in the movie, 32 00:01:44,640 --> 00:01:47,840 Speaker 1: everybody is at this spa to get better, and there's 33 00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:51,440 Speaker 1: a lot of stuff going on. It just seems really cuckoo, 34 00:01:51,840 --> 00:01:55,960 Speaker 1: from weird electrical therapies to a hyper strict focus on 35 00:01:56,080 --> 00:02:01,760 Speaker 1: never ever ever masturbating. It's absolutely thick schnl. But the 36 00:02:01,760 --> 00:02:05,880 Speaker 1: Battle Creek Sanitarium was a real place run by John 37 00:02:05,920 --> 00:02:08,200 Speaker 1: Harvey Kellogg, who was a real guy, and it had 38 00:02:08,240 --> 00:02:11,480 Speaker 1: its share of weirdness, which is what we're going to 39 00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:13,799 Speaker 1: talk about today. It's almost one of those things where 40 00:02:13,800 --> 00:02:16,600 Speaker 1: you're like, why did you fictionalize this funny weird as 41 00:02:16,639 --> 00:02:18,880 Speaker 1: it is? That's sort of like Stone Mountain, Georgia. They 42 00:02:18,880 --> 00:02:20,959 Speaker 1: really didn't need to make up all kinds of craziness 43 00:02:20,960 --> 00:02:23,679 Speaker 1: about Stone Mountain for thirty y rock, because it's got 44 00:02:23,680 --> 00:02:27,720 Speaker 1: its own craziness right there. Um. So also this is 45 00:02:27,840 --> 00:02:30,280 Speaker 1: you thank some part to a listener request from Palace. 46 00:02:30,320 --> 00:02:32,880 Speaker 1: We are going to talk about John Harvey Kellogg and 47 00:02:33,040 --> 00:02:37,560 Speaker 1: the sanitarium at Battle Creek today. So John hard Vee 48 00:02:37,639 --> 00:02:42,200 Speaker 1: Kellogg was born in Tyrone, Michigan, on February eighteen fifty two, 49 00:02:42,800 --> 00:02:45,480 Speaker 1: and his parents were John Preston and and Kellogg. He 50 00:02:45,600 --> 00:02:49,399 Speaker 1: was one of sixteen it's one six sixteen children, which 51 00:02:49,400 --> 00:02:52,720 Speaker 1: included five from his father's first marriage. They were all 52 00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:56,520 Speaker 1: devout Seventh day Adventists, and they moved to Battle Creek, Michigan, 53 00:02:56,760 --> 00:02:58,919 Speaker 1: which was at that point the home of the Seventh 54 00:02:58,960 --> 00:03:03,240 Speaker 1: Day Adventist Church. When John was young. His father owned 55 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:05,919 Speaker 1: a broom factory there and all of the children worked 56 00:03:05,919 --> 00:03:08,080 Speaker 1: in it as soon as they were of legal age 57 00:03:08,160 --> 00:03:12,520 Speaker 1: to do so. When John got older, he worked as 58 00:03:12,520 --> 00:03:15,320 Speaker 1: a printer's devil, which is kind of a gopher slash 59 00:03:15,320 --> 00:03:19,200 Speaker 1: apprentice type role at a Seventh Day Adventist publishing house. 60 00:03:20,040 --> 00:03:23,640 Speaker 1: His interest in medicine and health reform probably started there 61 00:03:23,680 --> 00:03:26,639 Speaker 1: because of the materials they were printing. Bell and White, 62 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:29,440 Speaker 1: who was co founder of the Seventh day Adventists, had 63 00:03:29,480 --> 00:03:32,840 Speaker 1: begun to write extensively about health and wellness. A core 64 00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:35,880 Speaker 1: Seventh Day Adventist belief is that people's bodies are the 65 00:03:35,880 --> 00:03:38,600 Speaker 1: temples of the Holy Spirit, so they should be treated 66 00:03:38,600 --> 00:03:42,040 Speaker 1: well and kept healthy through clean living and healthful behaviors, 67 00:03:42,120 --> 00:03:46,360 Speaker 1: and people should avoid quote, unclean foods and tobacco and alcohol. 68 00:03:47,120 --> 00:03:49,200 Speaker 1: When he was sixteen, he worked for a little while 69 00:03:49,240 --> 00:03:52,320 Speaker 1: as a teacher. All There's some kind of respiratory trouble 70 00:03:52,480 --> 00:03:55,440 Speaker 1: ended his teaching work and caused him to return to studying. 71 00:03:56,760 --> 00:03:59,080 Speaker 1: John's father did not really see a lot of reason 72 00:03:59,120 --> 00:04:02,280 Speaker 1: to educate his children. He believed that the Second Coming 73 00:04:02,320 --> 00:04:04,320 Speaker 1: was imminent and that would have been a waste of time. 74 00:04:04,840 --> 00:04:07,760 Speaker 1: So many of his siblings never finished high school. And 75 00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:10,120 Speaker 1: in spite of that, John got his m d. From 76 00:04:10,160 --> 00:04:14,320 Speaker 1: Bellevue Hospital Medical College in eighteen seventy five UH. For 77 00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:18,120 Speaker 1: scattered years between eighteen eighty three and nineteen eleven, he 78 00:04:18,200 --> 00:04:21,320 Speaker 1: also studied in Europe UH and continued his education in 79 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:24,080 Speaker 1: surgery and medicine there. His goal and all the study 80 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:26,920 Speaker 1: was really to be a good doctor and a good surgeon. 81 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:29,800 Speaker 1: And he was. He was a successful doctor and a 82 00:04:29,880 --> 00:04:33,280 Speaker 1: very respected surgeon, and he continued to practice surgery until 83 00:04:33,320 --> 00:04:37,080 Speaker 1: he was in his seventies. He also founded Battle Creek College, 84 00:04:37,200 --> 00:04:40,919 Speaker 1: which later became part of Andrew's University, and he served 85 00:04:40,960 --> 00:04:44,279 Speaker 1: as its first president. He was also an advocate of 86 00:04:44,320 --> 00:04:47,200 Speaker 1: health outreach for the poor and needy. He believed that 87 00:04:47,240 --> 00:04:49,880 Speaker 1: all Christian institutions should work with the poor in their 88 00:04:49,880 --> 00:04:53,120 Speaker 1: local area, and he also believed that Seventh day Adventists 89 00:04:53,160 --> 00:04:56,840 Speaker 1: were in particular called to work as medical missionaries. He 90 00:04:56,920 --> 00:05:00,440 Speaker 1: was part of the Adventists creation of a medical mission 91 00:05:00,480 --> 00:05:03,800 Speaker 1: in Chicago, the closest major city to Battle Creek at 92 00:05:03,800 --> 00:05:07,000 Speaker 1: the time. Detroit was much smaller than and that was 93 00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:10,400 Speaker 1: in eight three uh and that medical mission became a 94 00:05:10,480 --> 00:05:13,520 Speaker 1: model for other missions in Chicago and elsewhere. The goal 95 00:05:13,640 --> 00:05:15,800 Speaker 1: was to see to both the physical and spiritual health 96 00:05:15,839 --> 00:05:19,560 Speaker 1: of the city's poorest residence. On February twenty second, eighteen 97 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:22,760 Speaker 1: seventy nine, he married Ella et Eaton, and they lived 98 00:05:22,760 --> 00:05:26,480 Speaker 1: in a fifty room home in Battle Creek. That sounds enormous, 99 00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:29,239 Speaker 1: it does. Indeed, they really needed all that room because 100 00:05:29,279 --> 00:05:33,000 Speaker 1: together they fostered about forty children and legally adopted seven 101 00:05:33,040 --> 00:05:37,880 Speaker 1: of them. They had no biological children because allegedly, as 102 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:40,440 Speaker 1: it just seems to be a running theme with every 103 00:05:40,480 --> 00:05:44,159 Speaker 1: topic that I picked, their marriage was chased and never consummated. 104 00:05:44,440 --> 00:05:46,440 Speaker 1: You do have bad luck with that. And I don't 105 00:05:46,480 --> 00:05:49,160 Speaker 1: know if it's bad luck, it's just it's just funny 106 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:51,279 Speaker 1: because you pick things not knowing that, and it always 107 00:05:51,279 --> 00:05:53,640 Speaker 1: comes up in the research. Yeah, I just keep picking 108 00:05:53,640 --> 00:05:55,600 Speaker 1: people to talk about, and then it turns out that 109 00:05:55,600 --> 00:05:59,680 Speaker 1: that person, by coincidence, has a chased marriage. Yes, sav 110 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:03,559 Speaker 1: a chase marriage and practice celibacy for their whole life. Uh. 111 00:06:03,600 --> 00:06:06,280 Speaker 1: And although some of his children were black, John was 112 00:06:06,440 --> 00:06:10,000 Speaker 1: actually a proponent of the eugenics movement and founded the 113 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:13,480 Speaker 1: Race Betterment Foundation in nineteen eleven to pursue ideas of 114 00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:16,159 Speaker 1: racial purity, which I think is a little startling because 115 00:06:16,160 --> 00:06:18,680 Speaker 1: you think about all of his sort of seeming good 116 00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:22,040 Speaker 1: works and outreach. Well, there were really a lot of 117 00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:25,000 Speaker 1: people during those years who were active in the eugenics 118 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:30,800 Speaker 1: movement who uh that their activity sort of tarnishes all 119 00:06:30,839 --> 00:06:33,240 Speaker 1: of the other good works that they did by having 120 00:06:33,279 --> 00:06:37,560 Speaker 1: been part of this movement that is, at the time 121 00:06:38,600 --> 00:06:42,200 Speaker 1: was not looked at with quite the level of horror 122 00:06:42,920 --> 00:06:46,000 Speaker 1: as it is today like today, that whole idea really 123 00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:49,919 Speaker 1: really upsetting. Um it was that was not really the 124 00:06:51,080 --> 00:06:54,120 Speaker 1: that's the thought at the time period, and there's late 125 00:06:54,120 --> 00:06:58,480 Speaker 1: eighteen hundred, early nineteen hundred years and one of the 126 00:06:58,560 --> 00:07:01,200 Speaker 1: race betterment foundations of jectives at the time was to 127 00:07:01,240 --> 00:07:05,000 Speaker 1: start a eugenic registry so that they could ensure racial purity. 128 00:07:06,880 --> 00:07:11,120 Speaker 1: So yeah, that's that's another It sounds so alien and unsettling, 129 00:07:12,480 --> 00:07:17,080 Speaker 1: but at the time it was a pretty common right. 130 00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:19,880 Speaker 1: There were a lot of people who I think otherwise 131 00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:22,720 Speaker 1: were ahead of their time and what they were thinking about, 132 00:07:23,400 --> 00:07:26,840 Speaker 1: and then also participated in the eugenics movement, which becomes 133 00:07:26,840 --> 00:07:31,040 Speaker 1: startling to people. Yeah. Um, so that that's sort of 134 00:07:31,080 --> 00:07:35,160 Speaker 1: the basics of who this person was. A big part 135 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:38,040 Speaker 1: of his life was his philosophy on health, and you 136 00:07:38,160 --> 00:07:41,760 Speaker 1: hear a lot about his very more extreme views. When 137 00:07:41,760 --> 00:07:44,679 Speaker 1: you hear about John Harvey Kellogg, it becomes really easy 138 00:07:44,760 --> 00:07:47,080 Speaker 1: to write him off as this kind of weirdo quack 139 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:51,080 Speaker 1: since a lot of his practices were way apart from 140 00:07:51,160 --> 00:07:54,600 Speaker 1: mainstream thought at the time. They definitely don't hold up 141 00:07:54,600 --> 00:07:57,440 Speaker 1: to scientific scrutiny now, and some of them were kind 142 00:07:57,480 --> 00:08:01,800 Speaker 1: of scientifically questionable even at the time. Um. But in 143 00:08:02,200 --> 00:08:04,600 Speaker 1: spite of that, he was really always on the lookout 144 00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:08,559 Speaker 1: for medical evidence that his theories were actually effective, and 145 00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:12,800 Speaker 1: he did seem to question his beliefs pretty regularly. He 146 00:08:12,840 --> 00:08:15,440 Speaker 1: would he would advocate something, and then when it turned 147 00:08:15,440 --> 00:08:18,000 Speaker 1: out that that was not a good idea and he 148 00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:20,600 Speaker 1: had proof of that, he would turn away from it 149 00:08:20,720 --> 00:08:22,880 Speaker 1: and advocate something else. So it was kind of a 150 00:08:22,960 --> 00:08:25,480 Speaker 1: quest for the newest and best knowledge, and sometimes it 151 00:08:25,520 --> 00:08:29,080 Speaker 1: didn't pan out, and sometimes it did. Right. Uh. There's 152 00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:31,400 Speaker 1: also the context to consider in the world of medicine 153 00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:34,640 Speaker 1: at the time, pasteurization and the germ theory of disease 154 00:08:34,640 --> 00:08:38,720 Speaker 1: were really only starting to gain a mainstream acceptance. Diseases 155 00:08:38,760 --> 00:08:41,720 Speaker 1: still spread rapidly because of a lack of basic hygiene, 156 00:08:42,160 --> 00:08:45,320 Speaker 1: and a lot of quote medicines were patent medicines that 157 00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:48,600 Speaker 1: had no real medical value. Cocaine and alat in um 158 00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:52,800 Speaker 1: were being used medicinally. So Kellogg's focus on preventative care 159 00:08:52,800 --> 00:08:55,960 Speaker 1: and healthy living was really groundbreaking in a lot of ways. 160 00:08:56,480 --> 00:08:59,160 Speaker 1: As we said before, he was a trained and respected doctor, 161 00:08:59,679 --> 00:09:01,679 Speaker 1: and a lot of what he believed and wrote about 162 00:09:01,760 --> 00:09:05,640 Speaker 1: mesha is pretty well with common sense health beliefs today, 163 00:09:05,720 --> 00:09:12,080 Speaker 1: or at least mainstream natural health ideas. He advocated healthy eating, exercise, vegetarianism, 164 00:09:12,120 --> 00:09:15,560 Speaker 1: and low calorie diets. Uh. Those last two you could 165 00:09:15,640 --> 00:09:18,760 Speaker 1: sort of argue either way for but in the field 166 00:09:18,800 --> 00:09:22,680 Speaker 1: of holistic health there pretty much staples at this point, 167 00:09:23,520 --> 00:09:26,360 Speaker 1: and we have all kinds of documentations of these ideas. 168 00:09:26,880 --> 00:09:30,720 Speaker 1: For almost seventy years, Kellogg edited a magazine called Good Health. 169 00:09:30,880 --> 00:09:33,800 Speaker 1: It was originally a Seventh Day hadvent This publication called 170 00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:37,439 Speaker 1: Health Reformer, and in this he would publish his philosophies. 171 00:09:37,960 --> 00:09:41,120 Speaker 1: He also wrote many, many books on health and healthy living, 172 00:09:41,679 --> 00:09:44,360 Speaker 1: and much of this material is actually in public domain now, 173 00:09:44,440 --> 00:09:46,280 Speaker 1: so you can find a lot of his books online 174 00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:49,160 Speaker 1: for free. He was really ahead of the curve on 175 00:09:49,240 --> 00:09:52,319 Speaker 1: some of the health ideas that we take for granted today. 176 00:09:52,480 --> 00:09:55,520 Speaker 1: He was an ardent believer that the American diet included 177 00:09:55,559 --> 00:09:58,600 Speaker 1: more protein than people really needed, and that people should 178 00:09:58,640 --> 00:10:01,520 Speaker 1: bathe more often than once it. He also really wanted 179 00:10:01,520 --> 00:10:04,720 Speaker 1: people to wear less restrictive, more breathable clothing than they 180 00:10:04,760 --> 00:10:08,600 Speaker 1: generally did in the nineteenth century. He was also an 181 00:10:08,679 --> 00:10:12,760 Speaker 1: anti smoking advocate long before mainstream culture was ever thinking 182 00:10:12,760 --> 00:10:16,199 Speaker 1: of smoking is hazardous, and he correctly concluded that smoking 183 00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:19,760 Speaker 1: is bad for the heart. Uh from tobacco is m 184 00:10:19,920 --> 00:10:23,880 Speaker 1: or how tobacco kills. He says tobacco in its various 185 00:10:23,920 --> 00:10:26,360 Speaker 1: forms is one of the most mischievous of all drugs. 186 00:10:26,840 --> 00:10:29,439 Speaker 1: There is perhaps no other drug which injures the body 187 00:10:29,520 --> 00:10:32,680 Speaker 1: in so many ways and so universally as does tobacco. 188 00:10:33,640 --> 00:10:36,240 Speaker 1: Some drugs offer a small degree of compensation for the 189 00:10:36,280 --> 00:10:39,240 Speaker 1: evil effects which they produce, but tobacco has not a 190 00:10:39,280 --> 00:10:42,000 Speaker 1: single redeeming feature and gives nothing in return for the 191 00:10:42,040 --> 00:10:45,559 Speaker 1: one point five billion dollars which it costs the nation annually, 192 00:10:45,960 --> 00:10:50,559 Speaker 1: besides the one thousand lives which it probably destroys. So 193 00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:57,280 Speaker 1: that's a pretty startlingly modern for He also wrote about 194 00:10:57,280 --> 00:11:00,679 Speaker 1: the dangers of sitting, which is something that's really increasingly 195 00:11:00,720 --> 00:11:04,360 Speaker 1: present in medical literature in the past few years. From 196 00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:07,560 Speaker 1: the simple life in a nutshell, one need not to 197 00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:11,680 Speaker 1: generate physically because his occupation is sedentary. Always sit erect, 198 00:11:11,800 --> 00:11:14,480 Speaker 1: with chest held high and the small the back supported, 199 00:11:14,920 --> 00:11:17,760 Speaker 1: sit as little as possible. Standing and lying are more 200 00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:21,719 Speaker 1: natural and healthful positions than sitting. One may exercise while 201 00:11:21,760 --> 00:11:24,280 Speaker 1: sitting at work by deep breathing and by stiffening the 202 00:11:24,360 --> 00:11:27,120 Speaker 1: muscles of verse one limb a few seconds than the other, 203 00:11:27,600 --> 00:11:31,680 Speaker 1: all the muscles in the body may be exercised this way. Again, 204 00:11:32,080 --> 00:11:35,240 Speaker 1: still going on today, Like that's well, and I stand 205 00:11:35,320 --> 00:11:38,880 Speaker 1: up desk movements, the standing dusk thing is just yeah. 206 00:11:39,120 --> 00:11:41,840 Speaker 1: I hear more and more people talking about their standing desks, 207 00:11:41,920 --> 00:11:43,760 Speaker 1: and I think it's only been maybe in the last 208 00:11:44,679 --> 00:11:48,319 Speaker 1: five years that that suddenly you're seeing more and more 209 00:11:48,360 --> 00:11:51,640 Speaker 1: research about how how terrible, not just the fact that 210 00:11:51,679 --> 00:11:54,720 Speaker 1: people are not exercising, but the sedentary time they're spending 211 00:11:55,040 --> 00:11:58,520 Speaker 1: sitting yet during during the work day. Kellogg also had 212 00:11:58,520 --> 00:12:01,600 Speaker 1: a huge focus on food, and he developed or refined 213 00:12:01,640 --> 00:12:04,559 Speaker 1: a number of health foods, including peanut butter, soy milk, 214 00:12:04,960 --> 00:12:08,320 Speaker 1: substitutes for coffee and tea, and breakfast cereals, although his 215 00:12:08,400 --> 00:12:10,240 Speaker 1: brother really did a lot of the leg work on 216 00:12:10,240 --> 00:12:14,040 Speaker 1: that one. He also believed in a concept called biologic living, 217 00:12:14,480 --> 00:12:17,800 Speaker 1: which combined a near vegan diet along with other choices 218 00:12:18,320 --> 00:12:21,840 Speaker 1: in a person's lifestyle. Also from The Simple Life in 219 00:12:21,880 --> 00:12:25,920 Speaker 1: a Nutshell, he wrote about this as live out of doors, 220 00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:28,800 Speaker 1: do your work under the trees instead of behind doors. 221 00:12:28,800 --> 00:12:32,120 Speaker 1: And opaque walls. Big in the garden, Explore the woods 222 00:12:32,120 --> 00:12:35,880 Speaker 1: and hills, follow the brooks, watch the squirrels and their gambles, 223 00:12:35,880 --> 00:12:38,200 Speaker 1: and learn the songs of the birds. Pick up a 224 00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:41,320 Speaker 1: sleeping portrait balcony and so taken outing all night long 225 00:12:41,360 --> 00:12:43,840 Speaker 1: and every night, and don't move inside when the frost 226 00:12:43,880 --> 00:12:47,440 Speaker 1: comes Outdoor sleeping is the best life preserver ever known. 227 00:12:48,280 --> 00:12:50,600 Speaker 1: Simple Life in a Nutshell is a good way to 228 00:12:50,640 --> 00:12:53,640 Speaker 1: get an overall sense of his health philosophies, and it 229 00:12:53,679 --> 00:12:57,439 Speaker 1: goes on to outline all kinds of dietary and lifestyle recommendations. 230 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:03,359 Speaker 1: It covers food, exercise, personal hygiene, sleep, clothing, mental hygiene, 231 00:13:03,400 --> 00:13:06,960 Speaker 1: and some additional suggestions. They start off pretty common sense, 232 00:13:07,080 --> 00:13:11,400 Speaker 1: although maybe not science based, like eating only natural foods, 233 00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:15,400 Speaker 1: avoiding meats, eating eggs only in moderation, avoiding cow's milk 234 00:13:15,440 --> 00:13:18,880 Speaker 1: and animal fats, emphasizes getting the fat your body needs 235 00:13:18,920 --> 00:13:22,080 Speaker 1: from olives and nuts instead. He also goes on to 236 00:13:22,120 --> 00:13:27,640 Speaker 1: recommend that people avoid quote poison containing foods which are coffee, tea, chocolate, 237 00:13:27,679 --> 00:13:31,120 Speaker 1: and cocoa, and he recommends that people get completely rid 238 00:13:31,120 --> 00:13:35,160 Speaker 1: of all condiments and spicy foods. This is where in 239 00:13:35,160 --> 00:13:37,920 Speaker 1: that particular synopsis of sort of what his health believed, 240 00:13:37,960 --> 00:13:43,560 Speaker 1: where he starts to lose me at this point of it's, uh, yeah, 241 00:13:43,840 --> 00:13:46,240 Speaker 1: I'm saying I made a cup of coffee and a 242 00:13:46,280 --> 00:13:47,920 Speaker 1: travel cups so I could take it in the shower 243 00:13:47,960 --> 00:13:50,960 Speaker 1: with me this morning. Yes, I'm definitely going to have 244 00:13:51,000 --> 00:13:54,960 Speaker 1: a hard time embracing this cop right, even though I 245 00:13:55,040 --> 00:13:58,760 Speaker 1: recognize that this is probably it would be extremely helpful, 246 00:13:58,800 --> 00:14:02,720 Speaker 1: but it would also evolved for me at least a 247 00:14:02,760 --> 00:14:07,640 Speaker 1: loss of some quality of life. His mental hygiene ideas 248 00:14:07,720 --> 00:14:11,920 Speaker 1: included not worrying or becoming self centered, practicing self control, 249 00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:15,000 Speaker 1: taking a vacation when you start dreaming about work, and 250 00:14:15,080 --> 00:14:18,800 Speaker 1: avoiding patent medicines, as well as avoiding alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, 251 00:14:18,920 --> 00:14:22,880 Speaker 1: which is all pretty common sense, uh kind of advice 252 00:14:22,960 --> 00:14:25,600 Speaker 1: to to go buy. So you know, so far we've 253 00:14:25,600 --> 00:14:28,360 Speaker 1: talked about a lot of stuff that's pretty reasonable. If 254 00:14:28,400 --> 00:14:31,440 Speaker 1: maybe a little more restrictive and bland, then we would 255 00:14:31,480 --> 00:14:35,800 Speaker 1: like um hey. He also for a while was pushing 256 00:14:35,960 --> 00:14:38,960 Speaker 1: the idea that people should fletcherize their food, which is 257 00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:40,560 Speaker 1: just to to it until it became sort of a 258 00:14:40,600 --> 00:14:44,000 Speaker 1: goofy mask that would go down your throat on its own. UM. 259 00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:47,040 Speaker 1: This idea came from Horace Fletcher, known as the Great masticator, 260 00:14:47,320 --> 00:14:50,000 Speaker 1: and that's where the two each bite thirty two times 261 00:14:50,080 --> 00:14:53,360 Speaker 1: rule comes from. So this is an example of where 262 00:14:53,560 --> 00:14:55,840 Speaker 1: when evidence started to suggest that maybe that was not 263 00:14:55,960 --> 00:14:59,640 Speaker 1: the best idea, John Harvey Kellogg changed his point of view. UM. 264 00:14:59,640 --> 00:15:03,240 Speaker 1: He moved away of recommending that people fletcherized their food 265 00:15:04,120 --> 00:15:08,240 Speaker 1: once he determined that that much chewing was basically pulverizing 266 00:15:08,280 --> 00:15:13,040 Speaker 1: the food's fiber into uselessness. So you were denying yourself 267 00:15:13,040 --> 00:15:17,160 Speaker 1: the benefits of fibrous foods. UH. From his New York 268 00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:21,120 Speaker 1: Times obituary, there's a quote an authority on water therapy. 269 00:15:21,440 --> 00:15:24,080 Speaker 1: He was the discoverer of the therapeutic value of the 270 00:15:24,120 --> 00:15:27,520 Speaker 1: electric light and inventor of the electric light bath. He 271 00:15:27,640 --> 00:15:31,120 Speaker 1: was also the discoverer of the sine soidal current. So 272 00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:33,760 Speaker 1: this was the point in the world of John Harvey 273 00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:36,520 Speaker 1: Killogg's health beliefs, that is, it starts to kind of 274 00:15:36,600 --> 00:15:39,200 Speaker 1: nudge into the Okay, not sure what's going on there. 275 00:15:39,440 --> 00:15:41,440 Speaker 1: This is clearly something that people would have known what 276 00:15:41,480 --> 00:15:44,560 Speaker 1: it was about, because it was in his obituary when 277 00:15:44,600 --> 00:15:47,120 Speaker 1: it was printed. But at this point they're far enough 278 00:15:47,120 --> 00:15:48,800 Speaker 1: out of the mainstream thought that I had to go 279 00:15:48,880 --> 00:15:52,520 Speaker 1: look up what they were. Um. The electric light bath 280 00:15:52,680 --> 00:15:54,840 Speaker 1: was a device that you would sit in. It enclosed 281 00:15:54,880 --> 00:15:57,400 Speaker 1: everything but your head, and inside of it were lots 282 00:15:57,400 --> 00:16:00,320 Speaker 1: and lots of light bulbs and clusters that were that 283 00:16:00,400 --> 00:16:03,120 Speaker 1: were directed at different parts of your body. He built 284 00:16:03,160 --> 00:16:07,240 Speaker 1: one and used it by his own counts, so who 285 00:16:07,240 --> 00:16:11,120 Speaker 1: knows that this number is inflated in fifty cases. He 286 00:16:11,200 --> 00:16:14,520 Speaker 1: wrote in the book Light Therapeutics about his precursors using 287 00:16:14,600 --> 00:16:18,560 Speaker 1: light to basically cure everything, but he wrote about mostly 288 00:16:18,640 --> 00:16:21,400 Speaker 1: using it in short treatments to draw blood into the skin, 289 00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:27,560 Speaker 1: saying that doing so would treat kidney disease, diabetes, rheumatic diseases, anemia, 290 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:30,760 Speaker 1: and other diseases. He also advocated the use of the 291 00:16:30,840 --> 00:16:33,240 Speaker 1: light bath as a preventive measure and people who had 292 00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:38,920 Speaker 1: sedentary lifestyles, calling it quote the best substitute for muscular activity. 293 00:16:39,440 --> 00:16:43,080 Speaker 1: And the sinus sodal current was a high frequency, oscillating 294 00:16:43,120 --> 00:16:47,120 Speaker 1: electrical current that would make muscles contract without causing pain, 295 00:16:47,680 --> 00:16:49,640 Speaker 1: and he used this to make a device meant to 296 00:16:49,680 --> 00:16:53,200 Speaker 1: exercise the muscles without having to actually move, which is 297 00:16:53,200 --> 00:16:55,440 Speaker 1: the thing that people are still trying to do today. Right. 298 00:16:55,800 --> 00:16:58,720 Speaker 1: Both of these things have analogs that are in actual 299 00:16:58,760 --> 00:17:03,040 Speaker 1: medical use today, like light therapy for seasonal effective disorder 300 00:17:03,680 --> 00:17:07,160 Speaker 1: UM and electrical stimulation that's used in some physical therapies, 301 00:17:07,440 --> 00:17:09,720 Speaker 1: but neither of them today or in sort of the 302 00:17:09,840 --> 00:17:14,080 Speaker 1: widespread cure all everyone should do this fashion of of 303 00:17:14,119 --> 00:17:18,159 Speaker 1: what Kellogg was advocating. And additionally a lot of his 304 00:17:18,240 --> 00:17:21,639 Speaker 1: health practices were focused on the bowel. There were lots 305 00:17:21,640 --> 00:17:25,440 Speaker 1: and lots of enemas and colonic irrigations in his approach 306 00:17:25,480 --> 00:17:28,919 Speaker 1: to health and wellness. That all the stuff with the 307 00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:31,760 Speaker 1: enemas and the colon and all of that, it comes 308 00:17:31,840 --> 00:17:33,600 Speaker 1: up over and over and is one of the things 309 00:17:33,640 --> 00:17:37,199 Speaker 1: that starts to mark John Harvey Kellogg is kind of 310 00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:41,040 Speaker 1: maybe a little bit off base in terms of what 311 00:17:41,160 --> 00:17:44,399 Speaker 1: he advocated, and there are still people to advocate for those, 312 00:17:45,320 --> 00:17:49,240 Speaker 1: but it's not like a widespread accepted medical approach to 313 00:17:49,320 --> 00:17:53,600 Speaker 1: treating conditions the way that Kellogg was advocating for. Yeah, 314 00:17:53,680 --> 00:17:56,640 Speaker 1: he was probably he was pretty much giving everyone who 315 00:17:56,640 --> 00:18:01,119 Speaker 1: came to the sanitarium anema's all time as a course 316 00:18:01,119 --> 00:18:04,360 Speaker 1: of general health and wellness. So sometimes when you will 317 00:18:04,400 --> 00:18:06,560 Speaker 1: see in a like some kind of quack doctor in 318 00:18:06,600 --> 00:18:08,560 Speaker 1: a movie he was saying, oh, you should you need 319 00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:14,880 Speaker 1: an enema? That it is absolutely a call back to him. 320 00:18:14,920 --> 00:18:18,840 Speaker 1: He was also into electrical electro therapy and vibrational therapy, 321 00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:21,760 Speaker 1: and again both of these do have some uses today, 322 00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:25,600 Speaker 1: but he was pretty much advocating them in broad widespread 323 00:18:25,720 --> 00:18:30,879 Speaker 1: use on everyone often. And he had some very restrictive 324 00:18:30,960 --> 00:18:34,800 Speaker 1: views on sex. Uh. It was in his mind barely 325 00:18:34,840 --> 00:18:39,359 Speaker 1: acceptable even within marriage and then only very infrequently. It 326 00:18:39,480 --> 00:18:43,200 Speaker 1: was certainly unacceptable outside of marriage. And he was very, 327 00:18:43,400 --> 00:18:47,359 Speaker 1: very very focused on people not masturbating ever. Uh. He 328 00:18:47,440 --> 00:18:51,560 Speaker 1: blamed masturbation for everything from poor posture to cancer. He 329 00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:55,359 Speaker 1: was in favor of circumcision without anesthetic for boys, and 330 00:18:55,480 --> 00:18:58,399 Speaker 1: the application of carbolic acid to the clitter is for 331 00:18:58,480 --> 00:19:03,359 Speaker 1: girls as an anti master Asian tool. Yes, Yake, is 332 00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:08,480 Speaker 1: exactly what I was thinking. I just I'm sure listeners 333 00:19:08,560 --> 00:19:11,560 Speaker 1: like me are um feeling tense right at the moment. 334 00:19:13,000 --> 00:19:16,119 Speaker 1: So John Harvey Kellogg put all of these beliefs into 335 00:19:16,200 --> 00:19:19,639 Speaker 1: active practice at the Battle Creek Sanitarium also known as 336 00:19:19,640 --> 00:19:22,399 Speaker 1: the Sand, where he became the chief physician in eighteen 337 00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:25,160 Speaker 1: seventy six, when he was only twenty four. He also 338 00:19:25,280 --> 00:19:29,160 Speaker 1: opened a second sanitarium in Miami Springs, Florida, in one 339 00:19:29,960 --> 00:19:32,840 Speaker 1: The SAND had been originally opened in eighteen sixty six 340 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:36,040 Speaker 1: as the Western Health Reform Institute, which was a health 341 00:19:36,080 --> 00:19:40,000 Speaker 1: facility based on Seventh Day Adventist beliefs in practices. The 342 00:19:40,080 --> 00:19:43,160 Speaker 1: idea was to treat illnesses naturally and to encourage people 343 00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:46,040 Speaker 1: into preventative wellness practices. So its heart was in the 344 00:19:46,160 --> 00:19:49,040 Speaker 1: right place for sure, really, especially considering the state of 345 00:19:49,040 --> 00:19:51,960 Speaker 1: medicine at the time, and it wasn't really all that 346 00:19:52,040 --> 00:19:55,320 Speaker 1: successful before John got there. There wasn't an official medical 347 00:19:55,400 --> 00:19:58,240 Speaker 1: staff and it housed only about twenty patients when John 348 00:19:58,280 --> 00:20:00,439 Speaker 1: came on board, so one of the first things that 349 00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:02,920 Speaker 1: he did was to hire a staff of doctors and nurses. 350 00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:06,280 Speaker 1: He set about trying to attract a clientele, and his 351 00:20:06,359 --> 00:20:10,160 Speaker 1: target market was primarily made up of people who had 352 00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:12,800 Speaker 1: things we might think of today as stress related illnesses, 353 00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:17,960 Speaker 1: so Harry businessmen experiencing things like exhaustion and chronic indigestion. 354 00:20:18,480 --> 00:20:20,160 Speaker 1: A lot of what went on at the SAND were 355 00:20:20,200 --> 00:20:26,119 Speaker 1: common sense wellness practices like eating healthy, if extremely bland food, exercising, 356 00:20:26,200 --> 00:20:29,280 Speaker 1: and abstaining from alcohol. And tobacco, uh, and a lot 357 00:20:29,320 --> 00:20:30,840 Speaker 1: of the things that you'd also think of when you 358 00:20:30,840 --> 00:20:34,440 Speaker 1: hear the word spa, like massages and nice relaxing baths. 359 00:20:34,640 --> 00:20:37,399 Speaker 1: But it also had all kinds of the electrical and 360 00:20:37,480 --> 00:20:40,879 Speaker 1: vibrational treatments that like we talked about earlier, lots and 361 00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:44,480 Speaker 1: lots of electric light therapies and enemas and all the 362 00:20:44,520 --> 00:20:48,199 Speaker 1: other sorts of things that are sort of regarded as 363 00:20:48,280 --> 00:20:51,840 Speaker 1: quackery today. And it ended up becoming a retreat for 364 00:20:51,880 --> 00:20:54,879 Speaker 1: the rich, and some really famous people actually visited the 365 00:20:54,920 --> 00:20:58,640 Speaker 1: Sand to take the cure, including John D. Rockefeller, Amelia 366 00:20:58,680 --> 00:21:02,760 Speaker 1: Earhart sojourn Or Truth, and Mary Todd Lincoln. A fire 367 00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:05,840 Speaker 1: destroyed part of the Sanitarium in nineteen o two, including 368 00:21:05,880 --> 00:21:08,800 Speaker 1: all of the main building, but it was eventually rebuilt. 369 00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:12,960 Speaker 1: In nineteen o three. John's relationship with the church became 370 00:21:13,040 --> 00:21:16,399 Speaker 1: strained after he published a book that didn't entirely mesh 371 00:21:16,480 --> 00:21:20,000 Speaker 1: with the Adventist doctrine. He ultimately split from the church, 372 00:21:20,200 --> 00:21:23,119 Speaker 1: and he set up the Sanitarium as an independent entity 373 00:21:23,200 --> 00:21:28,119 Speaker 1: with its own board, making a nondenominational institution. The Sand 374 00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:31,960 Speaker 1: reached its height of popularity in nineteen o six that year, 375 00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:35,520 Speaker 1: it received seven thousand guests and employed eighteen hundred staff. 376 00:21:35,960 --> 00:21:39,080 Speaker 1: It continued to operate until the Great Depression, when financial 377 00:21:39,080 --> 00:21:42,800 Speaker 1: circumstances forced John to sell it after sixty seven years. 378 00:21:43,040 --> 00:21:46,640 Speaker 1: And today's preponderance of breakfast cereals is thanks in part 379 00:21:46,720 --> 00:21:50,320 Speaker 1: to The Sand, where the biologic diet was so boring 380 00:21:50,320 --> 00:21:53,920 Speaker 1: and monotonous that John was constantly looking for alternatives that 381 00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:58,120 Speaker 1: fit the philosophical criteria but also offered variety. While John 382 00:21:58,200 --> 00:22:00,600 Speaker 1: was the staff position at the Sand, his brother will 383 00:22:00,720 --> 00:22:05,560 Speaker 1: Keith Kellogg, also known as w K. Kellogg, managed the sanitarium, 384 00:22:05,560 --> 00:22:08,919 Speaker 1: handling the books, the supplies, the general maintenance, all of 385 00:22:08,960 --> 00:22:12,119 Speaker 1: that kind of stuff. So while John was seeing to 386 00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:15,600 Speaker 1: the medical end of things, w K was handling pretty 387 00:22:15,640 --> 00:22:17,480 Speaker 1: much all of the day to day running of the place. 388 00:22:17,520 --> 00:22:21,679 Speaker 1: The administration, yes, and their relationship wasn't always on the 389 00:22:21,680 --> 00:22:24,919 Speaker 1: best of terms. John could be a taskmaster and w 390 00:22:25,080 --> 00:22:28,280 Speaker 1: K worked really long hours for very little pay, allegedly 391 00:22:28,400 --> 00:22:31,119 Speaker 1: seven days a week with no vacations for seven years, 392 00:22:31,640 --> 00:22:35,440 Speaker 1: which is interesting because it seems to contradict his brother 393 00:22:35,520 --> 00:22:38,200 Speaker 1: John's writings, which say to observe the Sabbath without working 394 00:22:38,240 --> 00:22:41,560 Speaker 1: at all, and he advocates for taking a vacation when 395 00:22:41,560 --> 00:22:44,120 Speaker 1: you start to dream about work, So assumably, yes, he 396 00:22:44,520 --> 00:22:46,879 Speaker 1: assumably if w K had been working seven days a 397 00:22:46,880 --> 00:22:49,600 Speaker 1: week for his taskmaster brother for seven years in a vacation, 398 00:22:49,640 --> 00:22:55,440 Speaker 1: he's probably dreaming about work often, probably horrible nightmares and stress. 399 00:22:55,480 --> 00:22:58,560 Speaker 1: So yeah, John's seemed to be like, you all should 400 00:22:58,600 --> 00:23:02,200 Speaker 1: do this unless you were me, were my brother, one 401 00:23:02,240 --> 00:23:04,440 Speaker 1: of the two of us working diligently to make sure 402 00:23:04,480 --> 00:23:06,840 Speaker 1: the rest of you do the things. Yes, it's a 403 00:23:06,920 --> 00:23:10,919 Speaker 1: little unclear exactly which of the Kellogg brothers really invented 404 00:23:10,920 --> 00:23:14,280 Speaker 1: wheat flakes, which were a wheat based version of what 405 00:23:14,359 --> 00:23:16,800 Speaker 1: we think of as corn flakes today. That happened in 406 00:23:18,560 --> 00:23:21,040 Speaker 1: and this is the case in quite a number of inventions. 407 00:23:21,240 --> 00:23:23,359 Speaker 1: John claimed the idea for how to make these wheat 408 00:23:23,359 --> 00:23:25,560 Speaker 1: flakes came to him in a dream. We've had to 409 00:23:25,640 --> 00:23:29,840 Speaker 1: come up in several podcasts, But according to other sources, 410 00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:34,080 Speaker 1: John had given w K this easy to digest but 411 00:23:34,359 --> 00:23:37,840 Speaker 1: very disgusting to eat wheat paste and told him to 412 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:41,119 Speaker 1: try to make something good out of it. W K 413 00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:43,600 Speaker 1: left a batch of it out overnight where it started 414 00:23:43,640 --> 00:23:46,159 Speaker 1: to dry out, and when he came in in the morning, 415 00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:48,879 Speaker 1: he rolled what was left through rollers and then baked 416 00:23:48,880 --> 00:23:51,399 Speaker 1: it and it was actually pretty good, and they named 417 00:23:51,400 --> 00:23:56,560 Speaker 1: it Granos. Yes, this wasn't the first ever breakfast cereal. 418 00:23:57,119 --> 00:24:00,520 Speaker 1: It's pre date. It's predated by Granula, which was created 419 00:24:00,560 --> 00:24:04,080 Speaker 1: by James Caleb Jackson that was made from Graham flour 420 00:24:04,280 --> 00:24:06,879 Speaker 1: and it was not really delicious, so it did not 421 00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:10,720 Speaker 1: take off once it was introduced. John also made a 422 00:24:10,800 --> 00:24:13,840 Speaker 1: cereal made of corn meal and oatmeal biscuits which were 423 00:24:13,880 --> 00:24:17,520 Speaker 1: then ground, named Granula, and they actually got sued and 424 00:24:17,520 --> 00:24:20,119 Speaker 1: they had to rename it Granola. Yes, it probably was 425 00:24:20,160 --> 00:24:22,320 Speaker 1: not as smartest idea to make a thing that was 426 00:24:22,359 --> 00:24:24,480 Speaker 1: like your competitors thing in the name of the same thing, 427 00:24:26,240 --> 00:24:29,000 Speaker 1: because then you might get sued. It was also predated 428 00:24:29,040 --> 00:24:32,520 Speaker 1: by shredded wheat, which was invented by Henry D. Perky 429 00:24:32,640 --> 00:24:36,640 Speaker 1: of Colorado in eightee. He had promised to sell John 430 00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:39,000 Speaker 1: a shredding machine which he was going to use to 431 00:24:39,000 --> 00:24:41,480 Speaker 1: make his own shredded wheat, but he never delivered, which 432 00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:43,840 Speaker 1: is one of the things that led to this experimentation 433 00:24:43,880 --> 00:24:47,560 Speaker 1: of making cereals from other foods and Will and John 434 00:24:47,640 --> 00:24:51,840 Speaker 1: started Sanitas Food Company in eight to sell their cereal. 435 00:24:52,320 --> 00:24:54,520 Speaker 1: In their first year they sold more than one hundred 436 00:24:54,520 --> 00:24:58,280 Speaker 1: thousand pounds of granose. Their factory, as it was called, 437 00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:00,720 Speaker 1: was actually a barn on the grounds of the sand. 438 00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:05,760 Speaker 1: They brought out corn flakes in and the profit margin 439 00:25:05,880 --> 00:25:09,000 Speaker 1: was huge, and as people figured this out, suddenly there 440 00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:11,879 Speaker 1: were a lot of competitors. One was C. W. Post, 441 00:25:11,920 --> 00:25:14,920 Speaker 1: who founded what became the Post Cereal Company, who was 442 00:25:14,960 --> 00:25:19,040 Speaker 1: a former sanitarium patient, and Post distributed a pamphlet called 443 00:25:19,119 --> 00:25:22,080 Speaker 1: The Road to Wellville with his cereals. The novel in 444 00:25:22,200 --> 00:25:25,600 Speaker 1: later movie got their name from that pamphlet. Post earliest 445 00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:28,280 Speaker 1: products were Post Them, which was a coffee substitute made 446 00:25:28,280 --> 00:25:30,159 Speaker 1: from cereal, which giuse me a little bit of a 447 00:25:30,240 --> 00:25:33,000 Speaker 1: chin scratch to go, hm, I would try that, and 448 00:25:33,160 --> 00:25:38,359 Speaker 1: grape nuts. Great nuts still survived today. John was really 449 00:25:38,400 --> 00:25:41,439 Speaker 1: reluctant to promote the sale of these cereals. He was 450 00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:44,239 Speaker 1: afraid that it was going to somehow reflect badly on 451 00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:46,920 Speaker 1: the sand. So his brother did it all on his own, 452 00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:49,920 Speaker 1: putting together a marketing campaign that included everything from door 453 00:25:49,960 --> 00:25:53,320 Speaker 1: to door taste tests to big window displays, and in 454 00:25:53,560 --> 00:25:56,760 Speaker 1: eighteen ninety, while John was abroad, Will actually went ahead 455 00:25:56,800 --> 00:25:59,840 Speaker 1: and built a factory to replace the barn, which John 456 00:25:59,880 --> 00:26:03,840 Speaker 1: may and pay fifty dollars for after he returned. Will 457 00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:06,159 Speaker 1: also took advantage of one of John's trips abroad to 458 00:26:06,200 --> 00:26:08,879 Speaker 1: add sugar to corn flakes, which of course deepened the 459 00:26:08,920 --> 00:26:11,399 Speaker 1: divide between them. Yes, John, of course was not in 460 00:26:11,480 --> 00:26:16,000 Speaker 1: favor of adding sugar to anything. Um, they did kind 461 00:26:16,040 --> 00:26:18,560 Speaker 1: of men things a little bit. They established the Battle 462 00:26:18,560 --> 00:26:22,520 Speaker 1: Creek Toasted corn Flake Company in nineteen oh six. Will 463 00:26:22,560 --> 00:26:24,560 Speaker 1: owned a third of it and John owned the other 464 00:26:24,640 --> 00:26:28,560 Speaker 1: two thirds. The employees were mostly paid in stock because 465 00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:31,439 Speaker 1: John was not a general a generous person when it 466 00:26:31,480 --> 00:26:35,760 Speaker 1: came to giving other people money. So, once again employing 467 00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:38,720 Speaker 1: this sort of quick while he's not looking strategy, Will 468 00:26:38,800 --> 00:26:41,719 Speaker 1: would quietly buy up the employees stock that they were 469 00:26:41,760 --> 00:26:44,760 Speaker 1: being paid in while John was away. So he eventually, 470 00:26:44,920 --> 00:26:47,760 Speaker 1: through doing this, gained a controlling share in the company 471 00:26:47,800 --> 00:26:50,480 Speaker 1: and was able to basically kick his brother out of it. 472 00:26:51,359 --> 00:26:55,200 Speaker 1: That's quite a sibling relationship. Yeah, they did not seem 473 00:26:55,240 --> 00:27:00,840 Speaker 1: to have the most loving and supportive uh feeling between that. Yeah. 474 00:27:01,160 --> 00:27:04,080 Speaker 1: The Kellogg serial story goes on from there. But long 475 00:27:04,119 --> 00:27:07,480 Speaker 1: story short, the Kellogg Company became a juggernaut. It was 476 00:27:07,520 --> 00:27:09,800 Speaker 1: doing good business by the twenties, so by the time 477 00:27:09,840 --> 00:27:12,960 Speaker 1: the Great Depression took hold, people were thinking of cereals 478 00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:15,800 Speaker 1: as daily staples, and while the idea of a health 479 00:27:15,840 --> 00:27:19,719 Speaker 1: spa had become a completely frivolous expense. Uh the Kellogg 480 00:27:19,720 --> 00:27:26,320 Speaker 1: Company thus became this huge institution of provisions, but John 481 00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:31,080 Speaker 1: unfortunately mostly became considered something of a joke. Yeah, his wife, 482 00:27:31,080 --> 00:27:34,320 Speaker 1: Ella died in nineteen twenty. John himself had wanted to 483 00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:36,960 Speaker 1: live to be a hundred, but he died on December fourteenth, 484 00:27:37,840 --> 00:27:41,240 Speaker 1: three in Battle Creek at the age of His cause 485 00:27:41,280 --> 00:27:44,720 Speaker 1: of death was pneumonia. And in his mix of medicine 486 00:27:44,720 --> 00:27:47,679 Speaker 1: and alternative practices, you might compare him to some of 487 00:27:47,720 --> 00:27:51,320 Speaker 1: today's famous doctors like Depect Chopra, who is both a 488 00:27:51,320 --> 00:27:54,359 Speaker 1: board certified doctor and a holistic health practitioner who has 489 00:27:54,400 --> 00:27:57,920 Speaker 1: taught at prestigious medical schools, or even doctor mem at Oz, 490 00:27:57,960 --> 00:28:00,320 Speaker 1: who was a heart surgeon who was often on some 491 00:28:00,400 --> 00:28:03,200 Speaker 1: kind of health bandwagon. Like they're both people that are credential, 492 00:28:03,359 --> 00:28:05,040 Speaker 1: but they also are willing to kind of look at 493 00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:08,800 Speaker 1: new approaches to health and wellness. And he kind of 494 00:28:08,880 --> 00:28:11,560 Speaker 1: was similar in that regard. Yeah, he just happened to 495 00:28:11,560 --> 00:28:14,679 Speaker 1: have a farther flung idea of what would be a 496 00:28:14,720 --> 00:28:17,639 Speaker 1: good thing to do to a body. Uh. Then some 497 00:28:17,720 --> 00:28:19,919 Speaker 1: of the things that are going on today. Well, and 498 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:22,600 Speaker 1: he was working without the benefits of many of the 499 00:28:22,640 --> 00:28:28,639 Speaker 1: things we've learned in the interim. His experiments and concepts 500 00:28:28,720 --> 00:28:31,720 Speaker 1: kind of didn't have the level of information we have today. Well, 501 00:28:31,720 --> 00:28:34,000 Speaker 1: and some of the things that he was really in 502 00:28:34,080 --> 00:28:36,120 Speaker 1: favor of continue to be a focus in the world 503 00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:38,520 Speaker 1: of natural health, Like there continues to be a focus 504 00:28:38,520 --> 00:28:41,480 Speaker 1: on the bowel and your bowels being a clean place 505 00:28:41,720 --> 00:28:44,680 Speaker 1: in the world of alternative medicine, and questioning our high 506 00:28:44,760 --> 00:28:50,240 Speaker 1: levels of protein in our diet still being discussed and 507 00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:54,680 Speaker 1: often being supported. Yeah. So, while he definitely had some 508 00:28:54,760 --> 00:29:00,000 Speaker 1: ideas that we're maybe not the greatest in terms of health. Uh. 509 00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:03,880 Speaker 1: And the troubling association troubling is not even a strong 510 00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:07,480 Speaker 1: enough word, but his association with the eugenics movement, he 511 00:29:07,560 --> 00:29:11,760 Speaker 1: still did manage to to do some productive and healthy 512 00:29:11,800 --> 00:29:15,520 Speaker 1: work related to people's care for themselves. Um, and now 513 00:29:15,520 --> 00:29:19,440 Speaker 1: we have corn flakes, which I kind of wanted corn 514 00:29:19,480 --> 00:29:23,760 Speaker 1: flakes really badly after doing research. Even though I'm not 515 00:29:24,080 --> 00:29:27,719 Speaker 1: really into corn flakes that much either, but we have 516 00:29:27,760 --> 00:29:31,760 Speaker 1: them thanks to the Kellogg brothers. Yes, do you also 517 00:29:31,800 --> 00:29:34,120 Speaker 1: have some listener mail for us? I do. This listener 518 00:29:34,120 --> 00:29:36,760 Speaker 1: mail came to us with a present. It is from 519 00:29:36,800 --> 00:29:40,800 Speaker 1: Ian and says, dear, stuff he missed in History Class podcast. 520 00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:44,640 Speaker 1: These cookies are and Zach Biscuits. The recipe became popular 521 00:29:44,720 --> 00:29:47,520 Speaker 1: during World War One because the cookies lasted long enough 522 00:29:47,560 --> 00:29:49,760 Speaker 1: to be mailed off to the soldiers in the Australia 523 00:29:49,840 --> 00:29:52,880 Speaker 1: New Zealand Army Corps and Zach on the other side 524 00:29:52,880 --> 00:29:55,440 Speaker 1: of the world. No doubt the soldiers involved in the 525 00:29:55,480 --> 00:29:58,680 Speaker 1: EMU War would have been familiar with them. I was 526 00:29:58,680 --> 00:30:01,120 Speaker 1: going to make a batch myself, but my fiance pointed 527 00:30:01,120 --> 00:30:03,040 Speaker 1: out that since you guys don't know me, they would 528 00:30:03,040 --> 00:30:06,240 Speaker 1: probably fall into the same category as Halloween candy. I 529 00:30:06,280 --> 00:30:08,480 Speaker 1: would like to take a moment and thank your fiance, 530 00:30:11,720 --> 00:30:15,520 Speaker 1: because truthfully, yes, homemade goodies that come to our desk 531 00:30:15,680 --> 00:30:19,080 Speaker 1: are probably not going to go into my mouth. Yea, 532 00:30:19,960 --> 00:30:22,480 Speaker 1: they might. Other people might be less weird about that 533 00:30:22,560 --> 00:30:24,760 Speaker 1: than I am, But but I'm weird about that. I'm 534 00:30:24,800 --> 00:30:26,280 Speaker 1: on the fence. It depends on what mood I'm in 535 00:30:26,320 --> 00:30:30,560 Speaker 1: When You Catch Me, So the letter goes on. After 536 00:30:30,640 --> 00:30:33,360 Speaker 1: World War One, a lot of returning soldiers in Australia 537 00:30:33,360 --> 00:30:35,400 Speaker 1: and New Zealand were given farms as a reward for 538 00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:40,200 Speaker 1: their services, with some mixed results. For example, around Wanganui 539 00:30:40,280 --> 00:30:43,280 Speaker 1: in New Zealand, a whole settlement was founded in bush 540 00:30:43,360 --> 00:30:45,400 Speaker 1: land and the only way in was by a flying 541 00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:48,440 Speaker 1: fox over the local river. The plan was to build 542 00:30:48,480 --> 00:30:51,840 Speaker 1: a bridge later. However, the soldier farmers quickly found that 543 00:30:51,880 --> 00:30:53,760 Speaker 1: the land they had been given was not very good 544 00:30:53,800 --> 00:30:55,840 Speaker 1: for farming, so they cut their losses and gave up 545 00:30:55,840 --> 00:30:57,960 Speaker 1: on it. By the time the bridge was built, the 546 00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:01,479 Speaker 1: settlement was just about abandoned. It remains today, but with 547 00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:04,240 Speaker 1: the roads to it cut off by landslides and overgrowth, 548 00:31:04,240 --> 00:31:07,520 Speaker 1: making it a bridge to nowhere. I love the podcast, 549 00:31:07,640 --> 00:31:09,520 Speaker 1: especially how it deals with the more down to earth 550 00:31:09,520 --> 00:31:12,040 Speaker 1: subjects such as the invention of the sewing machine or 551 00:31:12,120 --> 00:31:14,120 Speaker 1: listening some of the most haunted houses in the world. 552 00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:18,440 Speaker 1: Compliments my In Our Time podcasts with Melvin brag quite nicely. 553 00:31:18,960 --> 00:31:20,600 Speaker 1: I would like to thank you very much Ian for 554 00:31:20,720 --> 00:31:23,280 Speaker 1: writing this lovely letter. I loved hearing about the Bridge 555 00:31:23,320 --> 00:31:27,960 Speaker 1: to Nowhere. We also liked the cookies. I ate, uh, 556 00:31:28,000 --> 00:31:29,880 Speaker 1: I ate three or four of the cookies, and then 557 00:31:29,920 --> 00:31:32,040 Speaker 1: I sealed up the box and then I ate three 558 00:31:32,120 --> 00:31:33,960 Speaker 1: or four more of the cookies. And then I decided 559 00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:36,800 Speaker 1: that for my own protection, I should take them to 560 00:31:37,000 --> 00:31:40,640 Speaker 1: our break area. And they were gone in minutes. It 561 00:31:40,760 --> 00:31:43,280 Speaker 1: was like a buzz went through well. I went back up. 562 00:31:43,320 --> 00:31:44,840 Speaker 1: I was like, maybe there's one more cookie, and it 563 00:31:44,880 --> 00:31:47,960 Speaker 1: had not been long at all, and they were all gone. 564 00:31:49,080 --> 00:31:52,080 Speaker 1: They were kind of reminiscent of ginger snaps, but with 565 00:31:52,120 --> 00:31:54,840 Speaker 1: a little different flavor. The texture was kind of ginger 566 00:31:54,840 --> 00:31:57,840 Speaker 1: snap like. So thank you so much for sending those 567 00:31:57,880 --> 00:32:01,160 Speaker 1: ian and for writing us was great better. If you'd 568 00:32:01,160 --> 00:32:02,960 Speaker 1: like to write to us, you can. We're at History 569 00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:06,400 Speaker 1: Podcast at Discovery dot com. We are also on Facebook 570 00:32:06,400 --> 00:32:09,400 Speaker 1: at facebook dot com slash history class Stuff, and on 571 00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:12,160 Speaker 1: Twitter at misston History. You can find our tumbler at 572 00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:14,480 Speaker 1: miss in history dot tumbler dot com, and we're also 573 00:32:14,600 --> 00:32:17,719 Speaker 1: pinning things that are relevant to these episodes or just 574 00:32:17,840 --> 00:32:21,040 Speaker 1: history in general at pinterest. If you would like to 575 00:32:21,160 --> 00:32:24,000 Speaker 1: learn more about this subject, you can come to our website. 576 00:32:24,240 --> 00:32:27,920 Speaker 1: Put the word accidental Inventions into the search bar and 577 00:32:27,960 --> 00:32:31,480 Speaker 1: you will find ten accidental inventions you won't believe, what 578 00:32:31,640 --> 00:32:34,400 Speaker 1: of which is corn flakes. You can learn about all 579 00:32:34,440 --> 00:32:36,200 Speaker 1: of that and a whole lot more at our website, 580 00:32:36,200 --> 00:32:42,680 Speaker 1: which is how stuff Works dot com. For more on 581 00:32:42,720 --> 00:32:45,160 Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics, is it how stuff 582 00:32:45,160 --> 00:32:57,960 Speaker 1: works dot com. Audible dot com is the leading provider 583 00:32:58,040 --> 00:33:02,160 Speaker 1: of downloadable digital audio books and spoken word entertainment. Audible 584 00:33:02,200 --> 00:33:04,640 Speaker 1: has more than one hundred thousand titles to choose from 585 00:33:04,720 --> 00:33:07,360 Speaker 1: to be downloaded to your iPod or MP three player. 586 00:33:07,920 --> 00:33:11,040 Speaker 1: Go to audible podcast dot com slash history to get 587 00:33:11,040 --> 00:33:13,600 Speaker 1: a free audio book download of your choice when you 588 00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:14,440 Speaker 1: sign up today.