1 00:00:15,410 --> 00:00:25,330 Speaker 1: Pushkin. Forty nine year old Mario Pellegrini runs a hotel 2 00:00:25,490 --> 00:00:29,210 Speaker 1: in Gilio, an island off the coast of Tuscany, Italy. 3 00:00:30,050 --> 00:00:34,090 Speaker 1: Gilio is a tiny island, just eight square miles, but 4 00:00:34,210 --> 00:00:38,210 Speaker 1: in summer it's bustling. Tourists come to lays on the 5 00:00:38,290 --> 00:00:43,650 Speaker 1: islands sandy beaches, explore its hidden coves, sample wine in 6 00:00:43,690 --> 00:00:47,890 Speaker 1: its vineyards, and hike through the pine forest to see 7 00:00:47,930 --> 00:00:53,210 Speaker 1: the medieval's stone walled fortress on the hill. In winter, 8 00:00:53,690 --> 00:00:57,730 Speaker 1: Gilio is quiet. The tourists have gone. The holiday homes 9 00:00:57,730 --> 00:01:02,450 Speaker 1: are shuttered, the hotels and restaurants are mostly closed. Just 10 00:01:02,530 --> 00:01:05,970 Speaker 1: a few hundred people live on the island all year round. 11 00:01:07,130 --> 00:01:11,650 Speaker 1: Mariopelogrini is the island's deputy mayor. At ten o'clock in 12 00:01:11,690 --> 00:01:15,850 Speaker 1: the evening on Friday, the thirteenth of January twenty twelve, 13 00:01:16,450 --> 00:01:20,530 Speaker 1: his phone rings. It's the chief of the island's police. 14 00:01:21,050 --> 00:01:22,250 Speaker 2: I've been trying to call the. 15 00:01:22,250 --> 00:01:23,810 Speaker 1: Mayor, says the policeman. 16 00:01:24,410 --> 00:01:26,450 Speaker 2: We've had a report that there's a ship in difficulty 17 00:01:26,450 --> 00:01:29,050 Speaker 2: outside the harbor. Do you know anything about it? 18 00:01:30,850 --> 00:01:34,490 Speaker 1: Pellegrini doesn't know anything about it, but says he'll drive 19 00:01:34,570 --> 00:01:36,610 Speaker 1: over to that side of the island to have a look. 20 00:01:37,330 --> 00:01:40,010 Speaker 1: He also tries to call the mayor but can't get through. 21 00:01:40,570 --> 00:01:44,850 Speaker 1: That's no surprise. Cell phone reception is patchy. He reaches 22 00:01:44,890 --> 00:01:48,410 Speaker 1: a friend whose house overlooks the harbor and asks. 23 00:01:48,530 --> 00:01:49,850 Speaker 2: Can you go and look out of your window? 24 00:01:50,770 --> 00:01:58,330 Speaker 1: Sure, says the friend. Then, oh, oh my god. Pellegrini 25 00:01:58,490 --> 00:02:01,210 Speaker 1: rounds a bend in the road and sees what his 26 00:02:01,290 --> 00:02:06,290 Speaker 1: friend saw. A gigantic cruise ship. They never get this 27 00:02:06,490 --> 00:02:11,250 Speaker 1: close to the island, seventeen high the length of three 28 00:02:11,290 --> 00:02:15,690 Speaker 1: soccer pitches, a few hundred meters past the harbor, where 29 00:02:15,690 --> 00:02:21,610 Speaker 1: the rocks are tilting noticeably to one side. There must 30 00:02:21,610 --> 00:02:26,090 Speaker 1: be thousands of people on there, thinks Pellegrini. He's right, 31 00:02:26,810 --> 00:02:30,210 Speaker 1: four thousand, two hundred and twenty nine to be exact. 32 00:02:31,530 --> 00:02:35,050 Speaker 1: Pellegrini drives onto the harbor. He meets his friend. The 33 00:02:35,090 --> 00:02:40,090 Speaker 1: Mayor's there too. What's going on, Pellegrini asks, no idea, 34 00:02:40,170 --> 00:02:43,450 Speaker 1: says the mayor. We've had no communication whatsoever from the 35 00:02:43,450 --> 00:02:47,930 Speaker 1: ship or the coastcard. They see a lifeboat slowly being 36 00:02:47,970 --> 00:02:51,370 Speaker 1: lowered from the listing ship. They realize that they're going 37 00:02:51,370 --> 00:02:54,170 Speaker 1: to have to find shelter for everyone. They start to 38 00:02:54,210 --> 00:02:57,610 Speaker 1: make calls to their fellow islanders. Open the school, open 39 00:02:57,650 --> 00:03:02,250 Speaker 1: the church, bring food, bring blankets. The first of the 40 00:03:02,290 --> 00:03:06,290 Speaker 1: lifeboats arrives in the harbor and scrapes up against the 41 00:03:06,330 --> 00:03:11,970 Speaker 1: concrete jetty. They help the passengers and ask what's happening 42 00:03:11,970 --> 00:03:17,530 Speaker 1: on the ship, but nobody responds. Maybe they don't understand Italian, 43 00:03:18,050 --> 00:03:20,810 Speaker 1: or maybe they're just too cold and stunned to speak. 44 00:03:21,650 --> 00:03:24,890 Speaker 1: All of us should go on board, says Pellegrini, to 45 00:03:24,930 --> 00:03:28,210 Speaker 1: see what's going on. The lifeboat's about to go back 46 00:03:28,250 --> 00:03:31,690 Speaker 1: to the ship to pick up more passengers. Wait, hees Pellegrini. 47 00:03:32,250 --> 00:03:36,850 Speaker 1: He gets on. I didn't really think this through, Pellegrini 48 00:03:36,970 --> 00:03:42,290 Speaker 1: later says. As the lifeboat approaches the cruise ship, Pellegrini 49 00:03:42,370 --> 00:03:48,290 Speaker 1: makes out its name written on the side, the Costa Concordia. 50 00:03:50,170 --> 00:03:53,530 Speaker 1: The lifeboat dumps up against a rope ladder, the ships 51 00:03:53,690 --> 00:03:57,890 Speaker 1: leaning over them, the ladder dangling in the air. Pellegrini 52 00:03:57,930 --> 00:04:04,090 Speaker 1: grabs a wrung. The ladder sways, he starts to clamber up. 53 00:04:06,650 --> 00:04:36,410 Speaker 1: I'm Tim Harford, and you're listening to cautionary tales. It's 54 00:04:36,490 --> 00:04:39,490 Speaker 1: nine o'clock in the evening on Friday. The thirteenth of 55 00:04:39,570 --> 00:04:45,890 Speaker 1: January on the Costa Concordia and Captain Francesco'scatino is eating dinner. 56 00:04:46,530 --> 00:04:49,530 Speaker 1: He's in one of the ship's restaurants. It has five, 57 00:04:50,010 --> 00:04:55,450 Speaker 1: along with thirteen bars, four swimming pools, five chacoozies, a disco, 58 00:04:55,610 --> 00:05:00,010 Speaker 1: a casino, and a movie theater. Keeping all the passengers 59 00:05:00,050 --> 00:05:03,650 Speaker 1: on a cruise ship fed and entertained is no small task. 60 00:05:04,450 --> 00:05:07,610 Speaker 1: Of the four thousand plus people on board the Costa 61 00:05:07,650 --> 00:05:12,850 Speaker 1: Concordia over a one thousand a crew. Earlier that day, 62 00:05:13,210 --> 00:05:16,890 Speaker 1: the ship had picked up passengers in the port of Cibdovekia, 63 00:05:17,090 --> 00:05:20,770 Speaker 1: near Rome. They're looking forward to a week of puttering 64 00:05:20,810 --> 00:05:25,010 Speaker 1: around the Mediterranean Sea, skirting the coasts of Italy, France 65 00:05:25,050 --> 00:05:28,970 Speaker 1: and Spain. They haven't yet been through their mandatory safety 66 00:05:29,010 --> 00:05:33,050 Speaker 1: briefing on what to do in case of emergency. The 67 00:05:33,130 --> 00:05:36,290 Speaker 1: law says that the briefing must be held within twenty 68 00:05:36,330 --> 00:05:40,570 Speaker 1: four hours of passengers getting on board, and surely there's 69 00:05:40,690 --> 00:05:47,290 Speaker 1: no rush. Francesco Scatino is fifty one years old. He 70 00:05:47,370 --> 00:05:50,370 Speaker 1: has a wife back at home. He also has a 71 00:05:50,410 --> 00:05:54,610 Speaker 1: mistress half his age, and he's with her now. She's 72 00:05:54,770 --> 00:05:58,490 Speaker 1: also employed by the cruise company but currently off duty. 73 00:05:59,930 --> 00:06:02,370 Speaker 1: Scatino has asked to be told when there are a 74 00:06:02,370 --> 00:06:05,850 Speaker 1: few miles from Giglio, and now he gets that call. 75 00:06:06,890 --> 00:06:09,650 Speaker 1: The captain and his lover finish up their meals and 76 00:06:09,890 --> 00:06:13,970 Speaker 1: make their way together from the restaurant to the ship's bridge. 77 00:06:15,370 --> 00:06:18,930 Speaker 1: Picture a space like an airplane's cockpit, but on a 78 00:06:18,970 --> 00:06:23,930 Speaker 1: grander scale. Screens and dials, knobs and levers wrap around 79 00:06:24,010 --> 00:06:27,890 Speaker 1: windows with a view of what's ahead. When Skatino arrives, 80 00:06:28,330 --> 00:06:31,850 Speaker 1: the first officer is in command. Also on the bridge 81 00:06:32,090 --> 00:06:36,690 Speaker 1: of a third officer and a helmsman, and someone else too, 82 00:06:37,290 --> 00:06:41,730 Speaker 1: the ship's matre d the headwaiter. He wouldn't normally be 83 00:06:41,770 --> 00:06:44,850 Speaker 1: on the bridge, but he's from the island of Gilio, 84 00:06:45,090 --> 00:06:49,730 Speaker 1: and Scatino has promised him a salute. It's common practice, 85 00:06:49,930 --> 00:06:53,170 Speaker 1: a courtesy from the captain to a valued member of 86 00:06:53,210 --> 00:06:57,530 Speaker 1: the crew. You veer slightly off the planned route and 87 00:06:57,730 --> 00:07:01,450 Speaker 1: pass closer to the shoreline so your family and friends 88 00:07:01,450 --> 00:07:04,890 Speaker 1: on land can admire the impressive size of the ship. 89 00:07:06,050 --> 00:07:09,290 Speaker 1: Passengers enjoy these salutes too. It can give them a 90 00:07:09,330 --> 00:07:12,690 Speaker 1: closer look at a picturesque island. Not that there'd be 91 00:07:12,770 --> 00:07:15,650 Speaker 1: much to see tonight at half past nine on a 92 00:07:15,770 --> 00:07:21,970 Speaker 1: dark January evening. It should all be routine, But as 93 00:07:22,050 --> 00:07:26,730 Speaker 1: Scatino arrives on the bridge there are some causes for concern. 94 00:07:27,370 --> 00:07:31,290 Speaker 1: The speed is fifteen knots, about seventeen miles an hour. 95 00:07:31,690 --> 00:07:35,290 Speaker 1: That's a touch too fast for comfort for a ship 96 00:07:35,330 --> 00:07:38,570 Speaker 1: this big and this close to land. The quicker you're going, 97 00:07:38,770 --> 00:07:41,690 Speaker 1: the more difficult it is to judge your turns, and 98 00:07:41,890 --> 00:07:45,890 Speaker 1: the automated navigation system is still engaged. It shouldn't be, 99 00:07:46,450 --> 00:07:49,650 Speaker 1: Scatino says to the first officer. Don't we normally use 100 00:07:49,810 --> 00:07:52,930 Speaker 1: paper charts and manual maneuvering when we're this close to shore. 101 00:07:53,930 --> 00:07:57,570 Speaker 1: The paper charts, in truth might not be as much 102 00:07:57,610 --> 00:08:01,770 Speaker 1: help as you'd expect. The Costa Concordia carries only small 103 00:08:01,810 --> 00:08:05,530 Speaker 1: scale charts of the seabed this close to Giglio. That's 104 00:08:05,610 --> 00:08:10,210 Speaker 1: because detours like this to salute an island aren't part 105 00:08:10,250 --> 00:08:14,730 Speaker 1: of the officially planned route, even if they are common practice. 106 00:08:14,850 --> 00:08:17,370 Speaker 1: The planned route runs closer to the middle of the 107 00:08:17,450 --> 00:08:21,850 Speaker 1: ten mile channel between the island and the mainland. Scatino 108 00:08:21,970 --> 00:08:26,730 Speaker 1: has done this swing by close to Gilio often enough before. Still, 109 00:08:26,770 --> 00:08:29,530 Speaker 1: it does look like they're heading closer to the island 110 00:08:29,610 --> 00:08:33,330 Speaker 1: than they'd usually get through the bridges big windows. You 111 00:08:33,330 --> 00:08:37,010 Speaker 1: can see flashes of white as waves break on the shore. 112 00:08:37,530 --> 00:08:40,010 Speaker 1: The matre d' is on the phone chatting to an 113 00:08:40,010 --> 00:08:45,370 Speaker 1: old friend, also originally from Gilio, a retired cruise ship captain. 114 00:08:45,850 --> 00:08:49,290 Speaker 1: He passes the phone to Scatino to say hello. The 115 00:08:49,290 --> 00:08:52,090 Speaker 1: two men know each other, though they haven't spoken in years. 116 00:08:52,730 --> 00:08:57,130 Speaker 1: Scatino skips the pleasantries. How deep is the seabed close 117 00:08:57,170 --> 00:09:01,370 Speaker 1: to Gilio, he asks, like eight hundred yards from the harbor. 118 00:09:02,690 --> 00:09:04,490 Speaker 1: The retired captain is surprised. 119 00:09:05,210 --> 00:09:06,770 Speaker 2: You don't need to go that close. 120 00:09:06,810 --> 00:09:10,450 Speaker 1: He says. It's January. Hardly anyone on the island, and 121 00:09:10,490 --> 00:09:13,010 Speaker 1: it's nighttime. Nobody's going to be looking out of their 122 00:09:13,010 --> 00:09:15,890 Speaker 1: windows to see you go by. That will be watching 123 00:09:15,930 --> 00:09:17,690 Speaker 1: television with their curtains closed. 124 00:09:18,490 --> 00:09:21,090 Speaker 2: Just stay hi and stay away. 125 00:09:21,210 --> 00:09:25,770 Speaker 1: Says the retired captain. Scatino is trying to make sure 126 00:09:25,850 --> 00:09:29,050 Speaker 1: he stays away. He wants to ease the ship towards 127 00:09:29,090 --> 00:09:33,490 Speaker 1: the right to run parallel to the island's coastline three 128 00:09:33,730 --> 00:09:38,690 Speaker 1: two five degrees, he tells the helmsman. The helmsman repeats 129 00:09:38,690 --> 00:09:44,730 Speaker 1: it back, three one five degrees. He's Indonesian. He doesn't 130 00:09:44,730 --> 00:09:49,610 Speaker 1: speak very good English or Italian. Now, the first officer 131 00:09:49,690 --> 00:09:55,810 Speaker 1: interjects to clarify three three five degrees, he's not helping, 132 00:09:56,410 --> 00:10:04,530 Speaker 1: Scatino repeats himself three two five. Despite these communication difficulties, 133 00:10:04,850 --> 00:10:09,090 Speaker 1: the mood on the bridge still seems relaxed. Nobody yet 134 00:10:09,250 --> 00:10:14,610 Speaker 1: appears to appreciate the extent of the danger therein. Then 135 00:10:15,810 --> 00:10:21,170 Speaker 1: Scatino sees the rock hard to starboard, hard to port. 136 00:10:22,050 --> 00:10:25,210 Speaker 1: The helmsman tries to turn the ship, but it's too late. 137 00:10:26,770 --> 00:10:29,850 Speaker 1: As the back of the ship swings round, it crunches 138 00:10:30,050 --> 00:10:35,050 Speaker 1: up against the rock. There was a loud bang, one 139 00:10:35,090 --> 00:10:40,730 Speaker 1: passenger later told reporters for Vanity Fair, followed by a great, 140 00:10:40,770 --> 00:10:46,330 Speaker 1: big groaning sound, A long and powerful vibration, said another, 141 00:10:46,530 --> 00:10:51,490 Speaker 1: like an earthquake. The rock rips a gash in the 142 00:10:51,530 --> 00:10:55,210 Speaker 1: side of the ship over one hundred and fifty feet long. 143 00:10:59,890 --> 00:11:03,610 Speaker 1: Back in the restaurant, other passengers are still eating dinner. 144 00:11:05,170 --> 00:11:08,050 Speaker 1: I took the first bite of my eggplant and feta, 145 00:11:08,450 --> 00:11:11,490 Speaker 1: says one, and I literally had to chase the plate 146 00:11:11,490 --> 00:11:15,690 Speaker 1: across the table. It was exactly like the scene in Titanic, 147 00:11:15,930 --> 00:11:20,170 Speaker 1: recalls another dishes went flying, glasses went flying, the waiters 148 00:11:20,210 --> 00:11:25,530 Speaker 1: went flying all over, Then across the restaurants and bars, 149 00:11:25,650 --> 00:11:28,370 Speaker 1: the jacuzzis and the disco, the casino and the theater. 150 00:11:29,050 --> 00:11:36,170 Speaker 1: The lights went out. Cautionary tales will be back after 151 00:11:36,210 --> 00:11:47,330 Speaker 1: the break. Francesco's Scatino is currently in prison serving a 152 00:11:47,410 --> 00:11:50,810 Speaker 1: sixteen year sentence for his role in the sinking of 153 00:11:50,850 --> 00:11:55,850 Speaker 1: the Costa Concordia. There's not much public sympathy for reasons 154 00:11:55,850 --> 00:11:59,690 Speaker 1: will come to but not everyone is comfortable with what 155 00:12:00,050 --> 00:12:05,530 Speaker 1: happened to Francesco's Scatino. He's been scapegoated. The captain's lawyer 156 00:12:05,570 --> 00:12:10,290 Speaker 1: insisted an Italian consumer rights organization and that represented some 157 00:12:10,330 --> 00:12:14,530 Speaker 1: of the passengers on the ship, agreed Scatino should be punished, 158 00:12:14,770 --> 00:12:18,370 Speaker 1: said a spokesperson, But he has been made a scapegoat. 159 00:12:19,330 --> 00:12:23,130 Speaker 1: The head of a European association of shipmasters used the 160 00:12:23,130 --> 00:12:29,330 Speaker 1: same word scapegoat. But what exactly is a scapegoat? The 161 00:12:29,370 --> 00:12:33,290 Speaker 1: word comes from a story in the Old Testament. A 162 00:12:33,370 --> 00:12:35,850 Speaker 1: priest lays his hands on the head of a goat. 163 00:12:36,530 --> 00:12:40,410 Speaker 1: He confesses all the sins of his people, which mystically 164 00:12:40,450 --> 00:12:45,210 Speaker 1: transfers all those sins into the goat. Then he allows 165 00:12:45,250 --> 00:12:48,730 Speaker 1: the goat to escape his clutches, and it wanders off 166 00:12:48,970 --> 00:12:54,210 Speaker 1: into the wilderness, the escapegoat carrying with it the sins 167 00:12:54,250 --> 00:12:58,770 Speaker 1: of the people. The underlying idea seems to run deep 168 00:12:58,930 --> 00:13:02,610 Speaker 1: in the human psyche, says the author Tom Douglas in 169 00:13:02,730 --> 00:13:09,290 Speaker 1: his book Scapegoats Transferring Blame. Whenever an early society he 170 00:13:09,370 --> 00:13:11,810 Speaker 1: came to believe in a God that could punish them 171 00:13:11,810 --> 00:13:16,330 Speaker 1: for their sins, they often also developed the reassuring belief 172 00:13:16,490 --> 00:13:20,690 Speaker 1: that they could escape God's punishment by transferring their sin 173 00:13:21,010 --> 00:13:26,530 Speaker 1: onto something or someone else. Different societies came up with 174 00:13:26,650 --> 00:13:32,810 Speaker 1: different rituals. In ancient Athens, for example, the metaphorical scapegoat 175 00:13:33,010 --> 00:13:37,610 Speaker 1: was an unfortunate human who would be ceremonially whipped on 176 00:13:37,690 --> 00:13:41,090 Speaker 1: the genitals with the branches of a fig tree, then 177 00:13:41,410 --> 00:13:46,290 Speaker 1: paraded through the streets and pelted with stones. Whatever the 178 00:13:46,330 --> 00:13:50,930 Speaker 1: details of the ritual, says Douglas, the intended outcome was 179 00:13:51,010 --> 00:13:55,690 Speaker 1: the same. The sins of the community are removed, like 180 00:13:55,970 --> 00:14:02,850 Speaker 1: the disposal of rubbish. Douglas argues that much the same 181 00:14:02,930 --> 00:14:09,090 Speaker 1: dynamic plays out today. When a community or organization collectively screwed, 182 00:14:10,170 --> 00:14:14,650 Speaker 1: its members may instinctively try to escape the consequences by 183 00:14:14,650 --> 00:14:20,130 Speaker 1: shifting all the blame onto one individual. This process isn't 184 00:14:20,170 --> 00:14:24,490 Speaker 1: as mystical or ritualistic as in olden times. More often 185 00:14:24,850 --> 00:14:28,970 Speaker 1: it's cynical and strategic, and the punishment we want to 186 00:14:29,010 --> 00:14:32,890 Speaker 1: avoid isn't typically from God. It may be from the 187 00:14:32,890 --> 00:14:41,370 Speaker 1: courts of law or public opinion. Mario Pellegrini reaches the 188 00:14:41,410 --> 00:14:44,890 Speaker 1: top of the rope ladder and hauls himself onto the 189 00:14:44,970 --> 00:14:49,010 Speaker 1: deck or one of the decks. The cost of Concordia, remember, 190 00:14:49,090 --> 00:14:53,570 Speaker 1: has seventeen levels. It's the length of three football pitches. 191 00:14:54,090 --> 00:14:57,690 Speaker 1: Pellegrini has no idea how to find his way around. 192 00:14:58,570 --> 00:15:01,690 Speaker 1: The deck is filled with frightened passengers trying to get 193 00:15:01,690 --> 00:15:04,210 Speaker 1: onto one of the many lifeboats that members of the 194 00:15:04,290 --> 00:15:08,250 Speaker 1: crew are lowering to the water. Pellegrini finds some people 195 00:15:08,250 --> 00:15:12,570 Speaker 1: in uniform and asks what's happening. They have no idea, 196 00:15:12,810 --> 00:15:16,450 Speaker 1: they say, But one wants to know why he's not 197 00:15:16,650 --> 00:15:21,650 Speaker 1: wearing a life jacket. Oh, I'm not a passenger, Pellegrini explains. 198 00:15:21,850 --> 00:15:24,290 Speaker 1: I'm the deputy mayor of Jilio. I've come on board 199 00:15:24,290 --> 00:15:27,810 Speaker 1: to ask what help you need, sir. You have to 200 00:15:27,810 --> 00:15:31,770 Speaker 1: put on a life jacket. Pellegrini tries again, I want 201 00:15:31,810 --> 00:15:34,370 Speaker 1: to talk to whoever's in charge. Where can I find 202 00:15:34,370 --> 00:15:38,130 Speaker 1: them on the bridge, replies the crew member. But you 203 00:15:38,130 --> 00:15:42,050 Speaker 1: won't be allowed on the bridge, you're a civilian. Pellegrini 204 00:15:42,130 --> 00:15:46,490 Speaker 1: walks off in search of the bridge. He can't find it. 205 00:15:46,690 --> 00:15:50,330 Speaker 1: Every time he encounters someone in uniform, he asks what's 206 00:15:50,370 --> 00:15:53,570 Speaker 1: going on and who's in charge, but nobody can give 207 00:15:53,610 --> 00:15:58,330 Speaker 1: him a useful answer. At length, he finds himself back 208 00:15:58,330 --> 00:16:01,090 Speaker 1: on the deck, where the lifeboats are on the opposite 209 00:16:01,090 --> 00:16:03,490 Speaker 1: side of the ship, this time the side that's angled upwards, 210 00:16:04,050 --> 00:16:08,050 Speaker 1: and while he's been exploring, the ship has tilted further, 211 00:16:09,090 --> 00:16:12,410 Speaker 1: now at such an angle that from this side they 212 00:16:12,450 --> 00:16:18,410 Speaker 1: can't lower any more lifeboats to the sea. Suddenly, Pellegrini 213 00:16:18,490 --> 00:16:21,890 Speaker 1: finds himself lying on top of a woman. He's not 214 00:16:21,930 --> 00:16:25,210 Speaker 1: sure what just happened. He apologizes, tries to stand up, 215 00:16:25,570 --> 00:16:29,770 Speaker 1: and falls right back down again. It was very disorientating, 216 00:16:29,970 --> 00:16:33,730 Speaker 1: Pellegrini recalls, you couldn't tell which way was up or down. 217 00:16:34,930 --> 00:16:38,650 Speaker 1: The ship must be properly capsizing onto its side. Now, 218 00:16:38,850 --> 00:16:42,770 Speaker 1: Pellegrini realizes all he can do is find something to 219 00:16:42,810 --> 00:16:45,970 Speaker 1: grab onto and wait for the ship to settle on 220 00:16:46,010 --> 00:16:53,650 Speaker 1: the rocks. It all started with that loud bang, then 221 00:16:53,730 --> 00:16:58,010 Speaker 1: a great, big groaning sound. Plates of eggplant and feta 222 00:16:58,090 --> 00:17:00,770 Speaker 1: flew across the table. The lights went out. There were 223 00:17:00,810 --> 00:17:04,930 Speaker 1: screams in the darkness. After a while, a voice over 224 00:17:04,970 --> 00:17:09,090 Speaker 1: the public address system. Ladies and gentlemen, your attention, please, 225 00:17:09,490 --> 00:17:12,490 Speaker 1: I speak on behalf of the captain. We are currently 226 00:17:12,570 --> 00:17:16,370 Speaker 1: experiencing a blackout due to an electrical fault. The situation 227 00:17:16,690 --> 00:17:22,490 Speaker 1: is under control, an electrical fault that felt like more 228 00:17:22,570 --> 00:17:27,450 Speaker 1: than an electrical fault. The ship's emergency backup lights come 229 00:17:27,490 --> 00:17:32,090 Speaker 1: on and they illuminate a scene of chaos. The waiters 230 00:17:32,130 --> 00:17:37,250 Speaker 1: are picking themselves up, Plates and glasses are everywhere. Panels 231 00:17:37,290 --> 00:17:40,650 Speaker 1: have fallen from the ceiling. The ship appears to be 232 00:17:40,770 --> 00:17:47,850 Speaker 1: noticeably listing an electrical fault. One passenger calls her daughter, 233 00:17:47,970 --> 00:17:51,370 Speaker 1: who lives in central Italy. She describes what just happened 234 00:17:51,530 --> 00:17:55,130 Speaker 1: and says she's not convinced that the situation is under control. 235 00:17:56,010 --> 00:17:59,410 Speaker 1: The daughter, not sure what else to do, phones the 236 00:17:59,450 --> 00:18:03,450 Speaker 1: local police. The police think perhaps they'd better call the 237 00:18:03,530 --> 00:18:07,770 Speaker 1: coast guard. The coast guard is surprised to get the 238 00:18:07,850 --> 00:18:12,610 Speaker 1: call when a ship's in trouble. The ship calls them. 239 00:18:12,810 --> 00:18:15,450 Speaker 1: The coast guard doesn't normally have to call the ship. 240 00:18:16,930 --> 00:18:18,250 Speaker 2: We've had a report that you're. 241 00:18:18,970 --> 00:18:22,810 Speaker 1: Says the coastguard to the cost to Concordia. No, everything's fine, 242 00:18:23,010 --> 00:18:25,730 Speaker 1: comes the response, we just had a blackout, that's all. 243 00:18:26,450 --> 00:18:32,210 Speaker 1: So no, we don't. The coast guard doesn't believe them. 244 00:18:32,410 --> 00:18:35,610 Speaker 1: Are they in denial? Hoping perhaps that they can make 245 00:18:35,650 --> 00:18:38,770 Speaker 1: it to the next port and avoid the embarrassment of 246 00:18:38,850 --> 00:18:42,810 Speaker 1: having to call for help. He sends a boat to investigate, 247 00:18:43,290 --> 00:18:47,450 Speaker 1: but precious time has been lost. Many of the passengers 248 00:18:47,530 --> 00:18:50,970 Speaker 1: are just as skeptical as the coast guard. They put 249 00:18:51,010 --> 00:18:54,490 Speaker 1: on life jackets and heads straight for the lifeboats, ignoring 250 00:18:54,570 --> 00:18:57,770 Speaker 1: messages from the crew to kindly return to your cabin. 251 00:18:58,010 --> 00:19:02,410 Speaker 1: Everything is under control. Later, some tell how they got 252 00:19:02,450 --> 00:19:05,570 Speaker 1: into a lifeboat and demanded that members of the crew 253 00:19:05,770 --> 00:19:08,810 Speaker 1: lower it into the water. The crew members didn't want 254 00:19:08,850 --> 00:19:12,490 Speaker 1: to because they hadn't yet received orders from the captain 255 00:19:12,730 --> 00:19:18,770 Speaker 1: to abandoned ship. What was happening with Captain Scatino up 256 00:19:18,770 --> 00:19:22,330 Speaker 1: on the bridge. He was getting reports about how many 257 00:19:22,370 --> 00:19:26,210 Speaker 1: of the ship's compartments had flooded enough to be sure 258 00:19:26,290 --> 00:19:29,810 Speaker 1: that the ship would sink, but he didn't seem to 259 00:19:29,810 --> 00:19:33,250 Speaker 1: be taking the information in. According to the testimony of 260 00:19:33,290 --> 00:19:37,250 Speaker 1: one crew member, he was out of his routine mental state. 261 00:19:37,690 --> 00:19:41,090 Speaker 1: He was under shock. He wasn't the person I knew. 262 00:19:42,650 --> 00:19:46,330 Speaker 1: A video from the bridge shows him looking stunned, says 263 00:19:46,450 --> 00:19:52,450 Speaker 1: one expert analyst. The captain really froze. It doesn't seem 264 00:19:52,490 --> 00:19:57,570 Speaker 1: his brain was processing. Scatino was also on the phone 265 00:19:57,650 --> 00:20:02,930 Speaker 1: to the crew's company's crisis coordinator. What exactly were they 266 00:20:02,970 --> 00:20:08,610 Speaker 1: saying to each other? Later their accounts would differ, but eventually, 267 00:20:09,210 --> 00:20:12,330 Speaker 1: over an hour after the collision with the rock, the 268 00:20:12,570 --> 00:20:19,850 Speaker 1: order came over the public address system. Abandoned ship. One 269 00:20:19,850 --> 00:20:22,970 Speaker 1: seventy two year old woman tells how she tried to 270 00:20:22,970 --> 00:20:25,570 Speaker 1: get on a lifeboat on the side of the listing 271 00:20:25,610 --> 00:20:29,330 Speaker 1: ship that was closer to the water. It's full. People 272 00:20:29,450 --> 00:20:33,050 Speaker 1: yelled from one boat, and the next and the next. 273 00:20:34,210 --> 00:20:37,410 Speaker 1: I think there was room, she says, but those already 274 00:20:37,410 --> 00:20:39,570 Speaker 1: on the boats were shouting at the crew members to 275 00:20:39,610 --> 00:20:44,570 Speaker 1: lower them down straight away. The ship was tilting alarmingly. 276 00:20:45,610 --> 00:20:49,930 Speaker 1: She saw that land really wasn't that far away. She 277 00:20:50,050 --> 00:20:55,810 Speaker 1: was a strong swimmer. She jumped every fifty feet. I 278 00:20:55,850 --> 00:20:59,210 Speaker 1: would stop and look back, recalled the woman. I could 279 00:20:59,250 --> 00:21:02,090 Speaker 1: hear the ship creaking and was scared that it would 280 00:21:02,090 --> 00:21:06,610 Speaker 1: fall on top of me if it capsized completely. Not 281 00:21:06,850 --> 00:21:13,010 Speaker 1: long after midnight, the ship finally did capsize completely. This 282 00:21:13,210 --> 00:21:16,610 Speaker 1: was the moment when Mario Pellegrini found himself lying on 283 00:21:16,690 --> 00:21:20,090 Speaker 1: top of a woman, wondering what just happened. You couldn't 284 00:21:20,130 --> 00:21:27,170 Speaker 1: tell which way was up or down. Thirty two people 285 00:21:27,450 --> 00:21:32,090 Speaker 1: died on the cost of Concordia that night. Experts believe 286 00:21:32,410 --> 00:21:36,050 Speaker 1: that this was the moment the final cap size, when 287 00:21:36,130 --> 00:21:39,970 Speaker 1: most of their fates were sealed. Would some of those 288 00:21:40,050 --> 00:21:43,050 Speaker 1: thirty two have already been off the ship if the 289 00:21:43,210 --> 00:21:49,450 Speaker 1: order to evacuate had been given more quickly. Perhaps since 290 00:21:49,490 --> 00:21:54,210 Speaker 1: he gave that order, Francesco Scatino has changed out of 291 00:21:54,290 --> 00:21:59,570 Speaker 1: his captain's uniform into civilian clothes. He can no longer 292 00:21:59,610 --> 00:22:03,170 Speaker 1: be so readily identified as the person who should be 293 00:22:03,290 --> 00:22:08,770 Speaker 1: in charge. Scatino, too, later tells a story of losing 294 00:22:08,810 --> 00:22:12,690 Speaker 1: his footing as the ship suddenly shifts. In his case, 295 00:22:12,730 --> 00:22:16,610 Speaker 1: he explains he slipped and accidentally fell into a lifeboat. 296 00:22:17,130 --> 00:22:19,570 Speaker 1: He then had no choice but to allow the lifeboat 297 00:22:19,610 --> 00:22:25,970 Speaker 1: to take him safely to shore. Cautionary tails will be 298 00:22:26,010 --> 00:22:41,530 Speaker 1: back In a moment, the ship that last has come 299 00:22:41,570 --> 00:22:44,970 Speaker 1: to rest on its side, and the Deputy Mayor of Giglio, 300 00:22:45,330 --> 00:22:49,930 Speaker 1: Mario Pellegrini, can find his feet again. He looks around 301 00:22:50,370 --> 00:22:54,650 Speaker 1: and takes in his new situation. He's standing on what 302 00:22:55,010 --> 00:22:58,010 Speaker 1: used to be a wall. It's difficult to walk along 303 00:22:58,050 --> 00:23:02,450 Speaker 1: it because it's strewn with things like lamps and fire 304 00:23:02,530 --> 00:23:07,090 Speaker 1: extinguishers and doors. There used to be doors in the 305 00:23:07,130 --> 00:23:10,530 Speaker 1: wall that led into corridors. Now they're doors in the 306 00:23:10,610 --> 00:23:14,570 Speaker 1: floor that lead to vertical shafts. You don't want to 307 00:23:14,570 --> 00:23:17,490 Speaker 1: fall through one of those and plunge into the dark 308 00:23:17,530 --> 00:23:21,490 Speaker 1: and chilly water below. It's hard to see because the 309 00:23:21,530 --> 00:23:26,010 Speaker 1: emergency lights have gone out. Only shafts of moonlight now 310 00:23:26,130 --> 00:23:30,450 Speaker 1: illuminate the ship. Dozens of people are still on board. 311 00:23:30,970 --> 00:23:34,250 Speaker 1: How are they going to get off? First? It's clear 312 00:23:34,290 --> 00:23:37,850 Speaker 1: that they'll have to climb upwards to get onto what's 313 00:23:38,050 --> 00:23:40,050 Speaker 1: now the top of the ship that used to be 314 00:23:40,090 --> 00:23:44,130 Speaker 1: its side. That's not going to be easy. They'll have 315 00:23:44,210 --> 00:23:49,450 Speaker 1: to scale a now near vertical death. Someone brings an 316 00:23:49,490 --> 00:23:53,770 Speaker 1: aluminium ladder. As everyone realizes that's the only way up, 317 00:23:54,250 --> 00:23:58,890 Speaker 1: all hell breaks loose. Pellegrini watches people crowd around the ladder, 318 00:23:59,010 --> 00:24:01,770 Speaker 1: all trying to push their way to the front. It 319 00:24:01,850 --> 00:24:05,570 Speaker 1: was horrible, Pellegrini later says, I just remember all the 320 00:24:05,810 --> 00:24:10,450 Speaker 1: children crying. A woman starts to climb the ladder. A 321 00:24:10,530 --> 00:24:14,530 Speaker 1: man behind her passes up a toddler in a life jacket. 322 00:24:14,850 --> 00:24:18,130 Speaker 1: Someone else shoves him out of the way. The mother 323 00:24:18,210 --> 00:24:21,290 Speaker 1: on the ladder clings to the life jacket. The cord 324 00:24:21,490 --> 00:24:25,850 Speaker 1: pulls tight around the falling toddler's neck. Her face starts 325 00:24:25,890 --> 00:24:30,450 Speaker 1: to turn purple. Pellegrini barges through the crowd yelling in anger. 326 00:24:30,890 --> 00:24:33,890 Speaker 1: You're going to kill that child. Don't be animals. Let 327 00:24:33,930 --> 00:24:39,010 Speaker 1: the parents with children go up first. When the panic subsides, 328 00:24:39,610 --> 00:24:44,730 Speaker 1: Pellegrini hears shouts for help. They're coming from below down 329 00:24:44,770 --> 00:24:47,410 Speaker 1: what used to be a corridor and has now become 330 00:24:47,450 --> 00:24:51,730 Speaker 1: a well. Together with the ship's doctor, Pellegrini finds a 331 00:24:51,810 --> 00:24:56,210 Speaker 1: rope and drops it into the shark. Someone below ties 332 00:24:56,250 --> 00:24:59,490 Speaker 1: it into a harness. The deputy mayor and the doctor 333 00:24:59,690 --> 00:25:02,330 Speaker 1: heave on the rope and up comes a woman, a 334 00:25:02,370 --> 00:25:07,130 Speaker 1: member of the crew. She's drenched and terrified. They lower 335 00:25:07,170 --> 00:25:11,210 Speaker 1: the rope again and fish out next person, and the next. 336 00:25:12,010 --> 00:25:15,530 Speaker 1: At last, a man in a waiter's uniform says to Pellegrini, 337 00:25:16,450 --> 00:25:20,130 Speaker 1: I'm the last. There's no one else down there, or 338 00:25:21,090 --> 00:25:24,930 Speaker 1: no one's still alive. I saw a man and child, 339 00:25:25,090 --> 00:25:29,170 Speaker 1: he adds to the window in the restaurant floating past me. 340 00:25:30,130 --> 00:25:30,410 Speaker 2: Dead. 341 00:25:32,210 --> 00:25:35,930 Speaker 1: Pellegrini puts down the rope and looks at his hands. 342 00:25:37,050 --> 00:25:48,970 Speaker 1: They're covered in blood. Francesco Scatino, meanwhile, is sitting on 343 00:25:49,010 --> 00:25:52,530 Speaker 1: the rocks on the island of Giglio, looking at the 344 00:25:52,610 --> 00:25:57,610 Speaker 1: capsized ship. He gets a call on his mobile phone. 345 00:25:57,730 --> 00:26:00,770 Speaker 1: It's the coastguard, who wants to know how many people 346 00:26:00,850 --> 00:26:05,330 Speaker 1: still need to be rescued. I don't know, Scatino says, 347 00:26:05,930 --> 00:26:14,210 Speaker 1: I'm not on board anymore. You what, The coastguard is flabbergasted. 348 00:26:14,850 --> 00:26:18,450 Speaker 1: Captains aren't supposed to leave their ships. Everyone knows that. 349 00:26:19,370 --> 00:26:22,530 Speaker 1: Get in a boat, says the coastguard. Get back on 350 00:26:22,610 --> 00:26:25,890 Speaker 1: board and tell me how many people still need rescuing. 351 00:26:27,130 --> 00:26:30,890 Speaker 1: Scatino says he'd rather coordinate things from where he is. Now, 352 00:26:31,970 --> 00:26:36,370 Speaker 1: what are you coordinating from there, asked the coastguard. Get 353 00:26:36,490 --> 00:26:42,250 Speaker 1: back on board, but it's dark, says Scatino. When the 354 00:26:42,290 --> 00:26:46,170 Speaker 1: recording of this conversation is later leaked to the media. 355 00:26:46,610 --> 00:26:52,250 Speaker 1: A line from the Coastguard becomes iconic vada a bordo katso, 356 00:26:52,930 --> 00:26:59,530 Speaker 1: which roughly translates us, get the fuck on board. Scatino 357 00:26:59,970 --> 00:27:03,770 Speaker 1: does not try to get on board. He stays on Gilio. 358 00:27:04,850 --> 00:27:08,170 Speaker 1: Later in the night, he meets a priest who says 359 00:27:08,690 --> 00:27:13,410 Speaker 1: the captain broke down and sobbed for a very long time. 360 00:27:21,170 --> 00:27:25,690 Speaker 1: Francesco Scatino was sentenced to sixteen years in prison for 361 00:27:25,770 --> 00:27:30,530 Speaker 1: his role and the cost to Concordia disaster. But disasters 362 00:27:30,610 --> 00:27:34,250 Speaker 1: like this are very rarely the fault of just one person. 363 00:27:35,610 --> 00:27:41,170 Speaker 1: Surely others could have done better too. Italian prosecutors brought 364 00:27:41,330 --> 00:27:47,290 Speaker 1: charges against five other individuals, the first and third officers 365 00:27:47,290 --> 00:27:50,850 Speaker 1: and the helmsman from the bridge, the officer whose job 366 00:27:50,890 --> 00:27:54,530 Speaker 1: it was to coordinate the evacuation, and the crew's company's 367 00:27:54,770 --> 00:27:58,810 Speaker 1: crisis coordinator, who spoke to Scatino on the phone from 368 00:27:58,810 --> 00:28:02,690 Speaker 1: his office in the period after the collision and before 369 00:28:02,730 --> 00:28:05,170 Speaker 1: the decision to admit to the coast Guard that they 370 00:28:05,210 --> 00:28:08,170 Speaker 1: needed help, or the decision to give the order to 371 00:28:08,250 --> 00:28:14,170 Speaker 1: abandon ship. All five entered into plea bargains. They were 372 00:28:14,170 --> 00:28:18,570 Speaker 1: given short prison sentences, short enough that on a technicality, 373 00:28:18,970 --> 00:28:23,730 Speaker 1: they didn't actually have to serve them. Scatino, too, asked 374 00:28:23,730 --> 00:28:29,290 Speaker 1: if he could plea bargain. The prosecutors said, no, what 375 00:28:29,410 --> 00:28:33,730 Speaker 1: about the cup's company itself. It's their job, after all, 376 00:28:33,810 --> 00:28:37,970 Speaker 1: to make sure that everyone's properly trained and following procedures, 377 00:28:38,810 --> 00:28:42,610 Speaker 1: that the helmsman can understand English, and so on. They knew, 378 00:28:42,890 --> 00:28:45,850 Speaker 1: or should have known, that it was common practice for 379 00:28:45,930 --> 00:28:49,650 Speaker 1: their ships to deviate from the official route to perform 380 00:28:49,690 --> 00:28:54,810 Speaker 1: a salute to picturesque islands. The cruse company also cut 381 00:28:54,810 --> 00:28:58,810 Speaker 1: a deal with prosecutors. They agreed to pay a fine 382 00:28:58,890 --> 00:29:03,170 Speaker 1: of one million euros. Relative to the cost of a 383 00:29:03,250 --> 00:29:07,690 Speaker 1: cruise ship or the value of a human life, one 384 00:29:07,730 --> 00:29:13,450 Speaker 1: million euros isn't exactly a lot of money. It takes 385 00:29:13,490 --> 00:29:18,330 Speaker 1: some work to summon much sympathy for Captain Scatino, but 386 00:29:19,610 --> 00:29:23,810 Speaker 1: sixteen years in prison compared to a trivial fine for 387 00:29:23,890 --> 00:29:27,970 Speaker 1: his employer, no wonder there's been some disquiet about that. 388 00:29:29,410 --> 00:29:32,530 Speaker 1: It's hard to disagree with the conclusion of the Italian 389 00:29:32,610 --> 00:29:37,370 Speaker 1: Consumer Rights Organization I mentioned earlier. Scatino should be punished, 390 00:29:37,770 --> 00:29:45,690 Speaker 1: but he has been made a scapegoat in his book Scapegoats, 391 00:29:45,770 --> 00:29:51,410 Speaker 1: Transferring blame. The author Tom Douglas discusses how societies through 392 00:29:51,450 --> 00:29:57,050 Speaker 1: the ages have gone about choosing their scapegoats with actual goats. 393 00:29:57,210 --> 00:30:00,970 Speaker 1: The question doesn't arise. One after all is much like another. 394 00:30:01,810 --> 00:30:04,530 Speaker 1: But what about the people in Athens who were whipped 395 00:30:04,570 --> 00:30:08,210 Speaker 1: in the genitals with the branches of a fig tree? They, 396 00:30:08,330 --> 00:30:13,450 Speaker 1: says Douglas, were typically chosen because they were different, ugly, 397 00:30:13,690 --> 00:30:18,370 Speaker 1: or deformed. In other cases, scapegoats were chosen because they'd 398 00:30:18,370 --> 00:30:21,810 Speaker 1: broken a law. If you've got someone who clearly deserves 399 00:30:21,850 --> 00:30:25,370 Speaker 1: to be punished for something anyway, it makes sense to 400 00:30:25,370 --> 00:30:28,730 Speaker 1: take the opportunity to load them up with everyone else's 401 00:30:28,770 --> 00:30:34,210 Speaker 1: sins as well. When disaster strikes, for which lots of 402 00:30:34,250 --> 00:30:38,170 Speaker 1: people may bear some portion of blame, you can expect 403 00:30:38,170 --> 00:30:42,690 Speaker 1: those people to cast around for one individual who might 404 00:30:42,890 --> 00:30:47,290 Speaker 1: plausibly be made to carry all the blame, letting everyone 405 00:30:47,410 --> 00:30:53,170 Speaker 1: else off the hook. Captain Skatino practically thrust up his 406 00:30:53,290 --> 00:30:56,570 Speaker 1: hand to volunteer for the role. It was all too 407 00:30:56,610 --> 00:31:01,010 Speaker 1: easy to paint him as a cartoonish villain, Captain Coward. 408 00:31:01,330 --> 00:31:06,930 Speaker 1: The newspapers called him the sleazy, brazen adulterer giving orders 409 00:31:06,970 --> 00:31:10,010 Speaker 1: on the bridge with his much younger mistress by his side, 410 00:31:10,570 --> 00:31:15,690 Speaker 1: the captain who abandoned his ship by accidentally falling into 411 00:31:15,690 --> 00:31:21,770 Speaker 1: a lifeboat. Scatino made mistakes. He played his part with 412 00:31:21,890 --> 00:31:26,930 Speaker 1: others in the accident and the chaotic response, but he 413 00:31:27,050 --> 00:31:30,850 Speaker 1: surely would have made it harder to escapegoat him if 414 00:31:30,890 --> 00:31:34,770 Speaker 1: he reacted differently to the crisis he helped to create, 415 00:31:35,610 --> 00:31:40,410 Speaker 1: if he'd reacted, for example, like the deputy mayor of Gilio. 416 00:31:44,570 --> 00:31:48,530 Speaker 1: Mario Pellegrini at last takes his turn to climb the 417 00:31:48,610 --> 00:31:52,650 Speaker 1: aluminum ladder. At its top, he meets a young man, 418 00:31:53,330 --> 00:31:57,010 Speaker 1: a second officer on the cruise ship. What's happening from here, 419 00:31:57,410 --> 00:32:02,810 Speaker 1: Pellegrini asks him. The young officer explains, rescue boats are waiting, 420 00:32:03,010 --> 00:32:05,930 Speaker 1: he says, in the water below, but the only way 421 00:32:05,970 --> 00:32:08,410 Speaker 1: to get to them is to descend the steep and 422 00:32:08,530 --> 00:32:12,690 Speaker 1: slippery slope of the upturned bow. There's a rope ladder 423 00:32:12,690 --> 00:32:15,490 Speaker 1: for people to cling to as they shuffle themselves down, 424 00:32:15,530 --> 00:32:20,010 Speaker 1: but it takes time and it's hard work. Lose your 425 00:32:20,010 --> 00:32:25,210 Speaker 1: grip and you'll slide into the sea. Pellegrini sees that 426 00:32:25,250 --> 00:32:28,890 Speaker 1: the second officer is wearing only a shirt. It must 427 00:32:28,890 --> 00:32:32,290 Speaker 1: be freezing. I've got both a jacket and a sweater on. 428 00:32:32,330 --> 00:32:34,850 Speaker 1: He says, let me give you one of them. No, no, 429 00:32:34,970 --> 00:32:37,890 Speaker 1: says the young officer. I'm not feeling cold at all, 430 00:32:39,090 --> 00:32:42,690 Speaker 1: but other passengers are. As they wait their turn on 431 00:32:42,730 --> 00:32:47,610 Speaker 1: the rope ladder. Some people are clearly at risk of hypothermia. 432 00:32:47,810 --> 00:32:50,650 Speaker 1: Pellegrini and the second officer wonder what they might do 433 00:32:50,770 --> 00:32:54,770 Speaker 1: to help. They see the canvas cover of a life raft. 434 00:32:55,410 --> 00:32:58,610 Speaker 1: They find a knife and cut lengths of canvas to 435 00:32:58,650 --> 00:33:04,050 Speaker 1: wrap around the shivering shoulders of those who are suffering most. Together, 436 00:33:04,890 --> 00:33:09,050 Speaker 1: Pellegrini and the second officer help the remaining passengers off 437 00:33:09,170 --> 00:33:13,770 Speaker 1: the ship, first to clamber over some metal railings, then 438 00:33:14,130 --> 00:33:17,250 Speaker 1: to negotiate the rope ladder. By half past four in 439 00:33:17,290 --> 00:33:21,290 Speaker 1: the morning, there's no one left to help, or no 440 00:33:21,330 --> 00:33:24,650 Speaker 1: one they can see. I'm going down to check if 441 00:33:24,650 --> 00:33:29,050 Speaker 1: anyone still trapped below, says the second officer. I'll come 442 00:33:29,090 --> 00:33:33,570 Speaker 1: with you, says Pellegrini. They carefully make their way along 443 00:33:33,650 --> 00:33:36,610 Speaker 1: the floor that used to be a wall. They heave 444 00:33:36,690 --> 00:33:40,850 Speaker 1: open door after door and shine a torch into the blackness. 445 00:33:41,770 --> 00:33:44,650 Speaker 1: Is anyone down there knock on something? If you hear me? 446 00:33:46,490 --> 00:33:51,850 Speaker 1: Door after door, only the sounds of splashing water come back. 447 00:33:53,890 --> 00:33:57,050 Speaker 1: But nearly six in the morning, they finally come across 448 00:33:57,090 --> 00:34:00,450 Speaker 1: some people, but they're not passengers in need of rescue. 449 00:34:00,810 --> 00:34:05,370 Speaker 1: They're professional rescuers who've been helicoptered in. We'll take over 450 00:34:05,410 --> 00:34:08,690 Speaker 1: from here, say the rescuers. You can leave the ship now. 451 00:34:10,210 --> 00:34:14,370 Speaker 1: The second officer starts to protest and mustn't leave the ship, 452 00:34:14,410 --> 00:34:17,450 Speaker 1: he says, until I'm sure that no more passengers need help. 453 00:34:18,570 --> 00:34:23,930 Speaker 1: The rescuers gently insist we'll take over. You've done enough. 454 00:34:24,850 --> 00:34:30,530 Speaker 1: Look at yourself. The young second officer looks down. He 455 00:34:30,650 --> 00:34:34,850 Speaker 1: sees how much his hands are shaking. He's still wearing 456 00:34:34,890 --> 00:34:38,570 Speaker 1: only a shirt, and all of a sudden he does 457 00:34:38,610 --> 00:34:43,410 Speaker 1: now feel the cold. He turns to Mario Pellegrini and asks, 458 00:34:44,730 --> 00:34:54,930 Speaker 1: does that offer of your sweater still stand. This script 459 00:34:55,130 --> 00:34:59,010 Speaker 1: relied on a book by Mario Pellegrini and Sabrina Grammentierdi, 460 00:34:59,530 --> 00:35:04,050 Speaker 1: on investigator's accounts of the incident, and contemporary reporting in 461 00:35:04,170 --> 00:35:08,210 Speaker 1: outlets such as Vanity Fair. For a fullness of our sources, 462 00:35:08,450 --> 00:35:18,970 Speaker 1: see the show not notes at Timharford dot com. Cautionary 463 00:35:18,970 --> 00:35:22,250 Speaker 1: Tales is written by me Tim Harford with Andrew Wright. 464 00:35:23,130 --> 00:35:26,210 Speaker 1: The show is produced by Alice Fines with Marilyn Rust 465 00:35:26,570 --> 00:35:29,050 Speaker 1: the sound design and original music for the work of 466 00:35:29,130 --> 00:35:34,810 Speaker 1: Pascal Wise. Sarah Nix edited the script. Cautionary Tales features 467 00:35:34,810 --> 00:35:38,730 Speaker 1: the voice talents of Ben Crowe, Melanie Guttridge, Stella Harford, 468 00:35:38,890 --> 00:35:43,210 Speaker 1: Jemma Saunders and rufus Wright. The show wouldn't have been 469 00:35:43,290 --> 00:35:47,490 Speaker 1: possible without the work of Jacob Weisberg, Ryan Dilly, Greta Cohen, 470 00:35:48,130 --> 00:35:53,530 Speaker 1: Eric Sandler, Carrie Brody, Christina Sullivan, Kira Posey and Owen Miller. 471 00:35:54,330 --> 00:35:58,650 Speaker 1: Cautionary Tales is a production of Pushkin Industries. It's recorded 472 00:35:58,650 --> 00:36:02,730 Speaker 1: at Wardoor Studios in London by Tom Berry. If you 473 00:36:02,850 --> 00:36:06,530 Speaker 1: like the show, please remember to share, rate and review. 474 00:36:06,570 --> 00:36:09,650 Speaker 1: It doesn't really make a difference to us and if 475 00:36:09,690 --> 00:36:12,410 Speaker 1: you want to hear the show ad free, sign up 476 00:36:12,450 --> 00:36:16,050 Speaker 1: to Pushkin Plus on the show page on Apple Podcasts 477 00:36:16,210 --> 00:36:30,410 Speaker 1: or at pushkin dot Fm, slash plus