WEBVTT - How to Join the X-Men

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<v Speaker 1>Brought to you by Toyota. Let's go places. Welcome to

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<v Speaker 1>forward Thinking patent everyone, and welcome to Forrard Thinking about

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<v Speaker 1>podcast that it looks at the future and says, so

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<v Speaker 1>we went out, Magneto and Titanium Man and the Crimson

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<v Speaker 1>Dynamo came along for the ride. I'm Jonathan Strickland and

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<v Speaker 1>I'm Joe McCormick. And today we are going to be

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<v Speaker 1>doing an episode based on a listener request. Yeah, this

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<v Speaker 1>is one that came in from faceback right. Derek Barrows

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<v Speaker 1>asked if we might explore a certain topic that was

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<v Speaker 1>of interest to him, right right, a certain super heroic

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<v Speaker 1>topic sort of somewhat yea, Yeah. He wanted to know if, um,

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<v Speaker 1>we can talk about the science behind X Men, which

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<v Speaker 1>is a tall order. Well, it's especially tall because the

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<v Speaker 1>X Men is fantasy. Yeah, I mean, there is no

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<v Speaker 1>neetic modification that will allow you to turn your body

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<v Speaker 1>into fire or or adamantium like steel or something. It's

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<v Speaker 1>pretty unlikely at any rate. Yeah, it's it's way more

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<v Speaker 1>fantasy than science fiction. But we could look at it

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<v Speaker 1>from a sort of almost their perspective, where we say, okay,

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<v Speaker 1>for each individual X Man, X X person, member of

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<v Speaker 1>the member of the X correction of X X man

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<v Speaker 1>is totally X. Yeah. Each individual member of Professor X

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<v Speaker 1>is elite. Uh force of school and women School School

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<v Speaker 1>for Mutants. Yeah, I mean there are away person. Sounds

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<v Speaker 1>like you have passed on. Okay, I'm sorry, I'm still

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<v Speaker 1>for each individual X man. Is there a way that

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<v Speaker 1>we could use science and technology to somewhat mimic this

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<v Speaker 1>person's supermutant powers in the real world? So, so, is

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<v Speaker 1>there a way that such a power could be achievable

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<v Speaker 1>either through some sort of alteration of a person, right, so,

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<v Speaker 1>like cybernetics or genetic modification, right, or just simply using

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<v Speaker 1>technology to mimic that power. So maybe a suit of

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<v Speaker 1>some sort that can mimic one of the X Men's powers.

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<v Speaker 1>And as it turns out, another big challenge here that

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<v Speaker 1>Derek has given us is the fact that the X

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<v Speaker 1>Men happens to be a group that has had a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of different characters in it. Ah. Yeah, there's a

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<v Speaker 1>few characters in the Marvel universe. I don't know if

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<v Speaker 1>you guys know this. Um Yeah, yeah, like a few,

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<v Speaker 1>as in like a few thousand and and a good

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<v Speaker 1>percentage of them. I've been in the X Men at

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<v Speaker 1>some point or another. Yeah, And for that reason, we're

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<v Speaker 1>going to need to split this into a couple of podcasts.

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<v Speaker 1>So today we are just focusing on the characters that

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<v Speaker 1>I just recently found out where the quote original team, yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>way back when the comic book started, right, I'm going

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<v Speaker 1>to have to make a confession right here to the fans.

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<v Speaker 1>Please don't hate me for this, but I'm sort of

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<v Speaker 1>a casual X Men. Oh that's that's okay, Joe. I'm

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<v Speaker 1>not going to call you a fake geek girl. It's

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<v Speaker 1>all right. I am a fake geek girl. So but

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<v Speaker 1>but in other words, like if you only knew the

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<v Speaker 1>X Men from say the film versions, then you have

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<v Speaker 1>some of the cartoons right right, But you you I'm

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<v Speaker 1>just giving an example, Joe, not saying you specifically, but

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<v Speaker 1>if you out there in the listener land are only

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<v Speaker 1>familiar with X Men through those methods, are those those

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<v Speaker 1>forms of media? Then you know you might think, oh, Wolverine,

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<v Speaker 1>Wolverine was always part of the X Men, of course, No,

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<v Speaker 1>not not part of the original X Men. So you're

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<v Speaker 1>breaking my heart. But we will get to Wolverine in

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<v Speaker 1>the next podcast. Along with some of our other sorted, sorted,

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<v Speaker 1>assorted and sundry favorites. Yeah, some of them are sorted,

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<v Speaker 1>I guess, like like Nightcrawler, one of my favorites not

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<v Speaker 1>not in the original X Men. Will we will be

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<v Speaker 1>covering Nightcrawler in the second episode. So who will we

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<v Speaker 1>be covering today? It's got to be Cyclops, right, absolutely,

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<v Speaker 1>Scott Summers has been there since the beginning. Okay, I

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<v Speaker 1>gotta raise my hand and have a question here. Maybe

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<v Speaker 1>it's because I'm a casual fan that I don't understand this,

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<v Speaker 1>but I've always had a question about how Cyclops works.

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<v Speaker 1>When he does his little I beam thing. Yeah, it's

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<v Speaker 1>kind of a big I beam thing. Really, it's not

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<v Speaker 1>not that okay, So sure he presses a little button

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<v Speaker 1>on his head and a huge, gigantic beam comes out

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<v Speaker 1>of his face. Hit somebody knocks him back twenty ft

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<v Speaker 1>across the room. I'm confused about what that beam is

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<v Speaker 1>because it looks, on one hand like it should be

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<v Speaker 1>a sort of a laser or some kind of energy weapon,

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<v Speaker 1>which would seem to have a kind of burning or

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<v Speaker 1>irradiating effect. But instead, if you judge just by what

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<v Speaker 1>it does to the enemy, it seems to be more concussive,

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<v Speaker 1>like it's a it's a force knocking them back. Yeah, Joe,

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<v Speaker 1>it sounds to me like you're not familiar with concussive

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<v Speaker 1>force beams. Nope, probably because they only exist in the

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<v Speaker 1>comic books. Yeah. No, it's it's a form of energy.

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<v Speaker 1>Many of the types of energy that are found in comics,

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<v Speaker 1>and many of the materials that are found in comics

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<v Speaker 1>are completely made up. They're made up in order to

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<v Speaker 1>make the comic exciting, and you know, they they kind

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<v Speaker 1>of makes sense. They're if they're logically consistent within the

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<v Speaker 1>context of the comic book, but once you take it

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<v Speaker 1>out of that, you think, how is that going to

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<v Speaker 1>be possible? I have my own theory about this. Also,

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<v Speaker 1>it seemed that in in comic books, especially in comic

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<v Speaker 1>books and cartoons that are more aimed at a younger audience,

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<v Speaker 1>it might be kind of weird if one of your

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<v Speaker 1>main heroes is constantly burning people alive. Gross, It's much

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<v Speaker 1>nicer to just kind of push them. It's like you

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<v Speaker 1>might as well have just kicked them really hard. It

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<v Speaker 1>kind of kind of falls into the same category of

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<v Speaker 1>watching the old g I. Joe cartoons and everyone's just

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<v Speaker 1>shooting blue and red light at each other. That doesn't

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<v Speaker 1>seem actually cause damage to anything other than vehicles, and

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<v Speaker 1>it doesn't matter be as as soon as the vehicles damage.

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<v Speaker 1>You see a little parachute um. But okay, this concussive force,

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<v Speaker 1>I'm sorry to get back to it. Right, And it

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<v Speaker 1>looks like a laser, because that looks cool, right, right?

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, how are you going to depict it? Right?

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<v Speaker 1>I mean you clearly you wouldn't want it to be invisible,

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<v Speaker 1>because then it would just be some guys staring really

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<v Speaker 1>hard at someone else and they suddenly fly backward and

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<v Speaker 1>you think, what's happening is that telekinesis or so obviously

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<v Speaker 1>it needs to be exciting to the to the reader.

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<v Speaker 1>It has to be something that is going to really

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<v Speaker 1>grab the imagination. If we're talking about real world correlatives,

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<v Speaker 1>it's most going to resemble probably either shock waves or lasers. Right,

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<v Speaker 1>That's that's the closest we can say, one based upon

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<v Speaker 1>the result that we see when Scott Summers blast somebody,

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<v Speaker 1>and one that's based more on the appearance of it

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<v Speaker 1>as it's depicted in the comic Boos, right, and shock waves,

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<v Speaker 1>like like sound waves could hypothetically be used in a

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<v Speaker 1>in a weaponized way, like sure, yeah, I mean sound

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<v Speaker 1>is a physical force, right, This is a physical type

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<v Speaker 1>of of phenomenon. So it's that movement of particles really yeah. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>And it doesn't necessarily have to just be through air.

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<v Speaker 1>It can be through any medium, right, So sound travels

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<v Speaker 1>physically through a medium. Um, right, well, yeah, you have

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<v Speaker 1>to have you have to have something there. I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>I think about me. I think of a vacuum is

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<v Speaker 1>an absence of a medium. But but that's fair. Um,

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<v Speaker 1>I'm thinking physical medium. So if you have a physical

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<v Speaker 1>medium of some sort, whether it's gas, liquid, solid, sound

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<v Speaker 1>can move through it. It moves through at different speeds

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<v Speaker 1>depending upon the density and the nature of that material. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>And it can have enough of a force to to

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<v Speaker 1>knock you over. I mean, say, the sort of thing

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<v Speaker 1>is just the expansion of air as well, if you

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<v Speaker 1>are causing air to expand very quickly. But for example,

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<v Speaker 1>with a supersonic jet, you guys may have heard a

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<v Speaker 1>sonic boom if a supersonic jet passes overhead. The really

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<v Speaker 1>cool thing is that as long as that jet is

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<v Speaker 1>traveling at a supersonic speed. It is generating a sonic boom.

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<v Speaker 1>It's called a boom blanket, right, right, It's not just

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<v Speaker 1>the single moment the thing that you hear isn't the

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<v Speaker 1>single moment of the of the plane crossing the sound barrier.

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<v Speaker 1>It's it's a continual thing that that everyone along the

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<v Speaker 1>plane's path is going to hear. Yeah, if you could

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<v Speaker 1>travel on the ground at the same rate as the

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<v Speaker 1>plane flying overhead, you would constantly hear it, plus you'd

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<v Speaker 1>be generating your own um. But at any rate, Uh,

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<v Speaker 1>it's it's really you know, the kind of thing that

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<v Speaker 1>if you are close enough to it, you could get

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<v Speaker 1>feel an impact from that shock wave. However, directing it

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<v Speaker 1>at a specific location is a little more tricky. You

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<v Speaker 1>can use acoustic waves and in interesting ways. There's some

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<v Speaker 1>acoustic levitation that's really awesome. There are a lot of

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<v Speaker 1>really cool examples of this, but we don't necessarily have

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<v Speaker 1>a truly weaponized form of it where you could direct

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<v Speaker 1>it at a person to knock them off their feet. Um. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>I'm sure people have been at things like concerts or

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<v Speaker 1>whatever where they can feel that that percussive force whenever

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<v Speaker 1>the era is moving through due to a really low base.

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<v Speaker 1>It it's a little different, Okay, But I have another

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<v Speaker 1>question I want to introduce here, which is that it's

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<v Speaker 1>not a machine on cyclops head that is producing this effect.

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<v Speaker 1>It seems to be that his eyes are naturally producing

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<v Speaker 1>the effect. His eyes are doing it all the time,

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<v Speaker 1>and the only thing that keeps him from just shooting

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<v Speaker 1>these concussive beams at everyone constantly is that little ruby

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<v Speaker 1>visor that he's wearing. So when he pushes the button,

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<v Speaker 1>he's essentially removing a filter right right, or opening an

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<v Speaker 1>aperture or something like a shutter, which would be really

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<v Speaker 1>tricky if it were real. Because I mean, so so

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<v Speaker 1>this this follows his gaze, right, it's coming out wherever

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<v Speaker 1>he's looking with his eyeballs. Yeah, so if he guess,

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, technically just seems to come straight out of

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<v Speaker 1>his eyes. So I don't know if it necessarily needs

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<v Speaker 1>to be where his uh, where where he's looking, as

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<v Speaker 1>opposed to where his face is facing pointing. Yeah. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>although if you wanted to base it on on eye movement,

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<v Speaker 1>like a web and like that, you could certainly track

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<v Speaker 1>um uh, the the user's eye movement using a pretty

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<v Speaker 1>simple app. Actually, eye tracking hardware exists today. I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>we can already do this. And so if you did

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<v Speaker 1>want to create a machine that would maybe shoot a

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<v Speaker 1>laser wherever you're looking, I think that's totally doable. You

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<v Speaker 1>can get a pair of glasses that track your pupils

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<v Speaker 1>and then see, Okay, I just glanced at Jonathan's shoulder,

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<v Speaker 1>and now burn that. Now I just glanced at his

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<v Speaker 1>top of his head? Do that? Now you're a mean man,

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<v Speaker 1>first of all, First of all your mean Second of all, um,

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<v Speaker 1>will you would be able to remove any kind of

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<v Speaker 1>aiming issue you might have between what you are seeing

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<v Speaker 1>and how you are able to, like your your hand

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<v Speaker 1>eye coordination, that part is no longer now it's just

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<v Speaker 1>eye coordination. Right. There is a downside, not coordination. Yea,

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<v Speaker 1>there's a downside exactly. There's no coordination because it's only

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<v Speaker 1>one thing. The downside. The biggest downside would be any

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<v Speaker 1>laser that's going to be sufficiently powerful enough to cause

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<v Speaker 1>that kind of damage is also going to be bright

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<v Speaker 1>as to cause permanent eye damage for you, the user. Um,

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<v Speaker 1>if you've ever looked into any of the consumer lasers

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<v Speaker 1>that are powerful enough to set fire to something simple

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<v Speaker 1>like a piece of paper that's got dark color on it,

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<v Speaker 1>which is slightly easier to ignite than say white paper. Ah,

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<v Speaker 1>any laser that's in the visible spectrum is going to

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<v Speaker 1>be so bright at that power that it could cause

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<v Speaker 1>permanent damage at least temporary damage. So and a head

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<v Speaker 1>mounted laser weapon that is completely commanded by your eyes

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<v Speaker 1>may not be the best choice. Okay, Yeah, that's convinced me. Essentially.

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<v Speaker 1>I think any weapon where it's shooting from your face

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<v Speaker 1>is probably not the best way to go. Yeah, I

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<v Speaker 1>wouldn't really face mount many weapons. I mean, I mean

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<v Speaker 1>if it's even if it's just a concussive beam and

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<v Speaker 1>not a bright laser, you're you're going to have I'm

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<v Speaker 1>sure some kind of kick back from it. And that's

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<v Speaker 1>a very good point. You just have black eyes all

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<v Speaker 1>the time, it would be really bad. You guys, I've

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<v Speaker 1>been told that my face is already weaponized. So the

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<v Speaker 1>kick back point is a good point because it also

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<v Speaker 1>introduces the energy concern. Yes, I mean imagining that you

0:12:13.800 --> 0:12:16.480
<v Speaker 1>are you have something coming out of your eyes. Like

0:12:16.679 --> 0:12:18.920
<v Speaker 1>even if we go to just the pure fantasy realm

0:12:18.960 --> 0:12:21.600
<v Speaker 1>and say somehow you've got something coming out of your eyes.

0:12:21.760 --> 0:12:25.360
<v Speaker 1>It's a directed energy weapon. Where's that energy coming from?

0:12:25.559 --> 0:12:28.440
<v Speaker 1>I mean, you can't just create energy. You would have

0:12:28.480 --> 0:12:30.120
<v Speaker 1>to somehow, I don't know. You'd have to have a

0:12:30.160 --> 0:12:34.679
<v Speaker 1>battery powering it very power. And if we're if we're

0:12:34.720 --> 0:12:37.880
<v Speaker 1>going through the biological side, let's say that just taking

0:12:37.880 --> 0:12:39.880
<v Speaker 1>the comic book and that somehow we were able to

0:12:39.920 --> 0:12:44.760
<v Speaker 1>make Scott Summers appear here in wedding cakes in order

0:12:44.800 --> 0:12:48.520
<v Speaker 1>to black Like, how how would you actually generate the

0:12:48.600 --> 0:12:51.120
<v Speaker 1>energy necessary to I mean, I don't understand that at all.

0:12:51.160 --> 0:12:53.600
<v Speaker 1>In the mutant universe, all the mutants. This doesn't just

0:12:53.640 --> 0:12:56.840
<v Speaker 1>apply to two cyclops, but all the mutants who have

0:12:56.880 --> 0:12:59.439
<v Speaker 1>any sort of energy based power, The energy has to

0:12:59.480 --> 0:13:02.360
<v Speaker 1>come from them right off off panel. They never stop eating.

0:13:02.840 --> 0:13:07.080
<v Speaker 1>I guess so I likeel there's just a million twinkies,

0:13:07.120 --> 0:13:09.480
<v Speaker 1>would be fantastic if you just saw like little food

0:13:09.480 --> 0:13:12.440
<v Speaker 1>crumbs coming off the edge of the panels whenever, Like

0:13:12.559 --> 0:13:14.960
<v Speaker 1>that's just when they're shoving food into their faces so

0:13:15.000 --> 0:13:16.920
<v Speaker 1>that their metabolism can keep up and they can get

0:13:16.960 --> 0:13:21.280
<v Speaker 1>the energy necessary. Yeah, that's a that's a legitimate point,

0:13:21.400 --> 0:13:23.360
<v Speaker 1>and it's gonna be it's gonna be a legitimate point

0:13:23.360 --> 0:13:25.480
<v Speaker 1>for just about everyone we talk about. Okay, but let's

0:13:25.480 --> 0:13:27.640
<v Speaker 1>just put all that aside and play fantasy here for

0:13:27.679 --> 0:13:29.839
<v Speaker 1>a second. Let's just say you could have some kind

0:13:29.880 --> 0:13:32.880
<v Speaker 1>of unlimited energy reserve in your body. Is there a

0:13:32.880 --> 0:13:36.400
<v Speaker 1>way you actually could, you know, use your eyes to

0:13:36.600 --> 0:13:39.800
<v Speaker 1>direct an energy beam because the eyes are sort of

0:13:40.200 --> 0:13:44.920
<v Speaker 1>their input devices, not output devices, well most of the time. Um, Okay,

0:13:44.960 --> 0:13:47.880
<v Speaker 1>I suppose that we might be able to devise some

0:13:47.960 --> 0:13:51.080
<v Speaker 1>kind of genetic upgrade. And and I'm real dubious about

0:13:51.080 --> 0:13:54.560
<v Speaker 1>whether it's being an upgrade or not to to creator

0:13:54.679 --> 0:13:57.400
<v Speaker 1>or install a kind of like tap at them lucidum

0:13:57.440 --> 0:14:03.760
<v Speaker 1>in the human eye. Harry Potter spell, yes, no, um No,

0:14:03.920 --> 0:14:06.920
<v Speaker 1>it's the it's the organ in many animals that creates

0:14:06.960 --> 0:14:08.839
<v Speaker 1>like eye glow in low lights. So if you've ever

0:14:08.880 --> 0:14:11.120
<v Speaker 1>been in a dark room with your cat and an

0:14:11.160 --> 0:14:13.280
<v Speaker 1>alligator or an alligator, been in a dark room in

0:14:13.320 --> 0:14:15.400
<v Speaker 1>an alligator a couple of times, okay, and their eyes

0:14:15.440 --> 0:14:18.320
<v Speaker 1>have been glow and all creepy at you. Yeah, or

0:14:18.360 --> 0:14:21.120
<v Speaker 1>like raccoons, Lots of lots of animals have this thing,

0:14:21.160 --> 0:14:24.160
<v Speaker 1>but humans do not. Um. It's a reflective layer that

0:14:24.280 --> 0:14:28.120
<v Speaker 1>gives the eyeballs, um, rods and cones a second chance

0:14:28.520 --> 0:14:30.800
<v Speaker 1>at at collecting light, so it helps the animals see

0:14:30.800 --> 0:14:33.920
<v Speaker 1>better in the dark. So great for nocturnal animals. Super

0:14:34.000 --> 0:14:36.640
<v Speaker 1>rad yes, um, and and humans do not in fact

0:14:36.680 --> 0:14:38.880
<v Speaker 1>have it. If if you're thinking, but I've seen red

0:14:38.880 --> 0:14:41.800
<v Speaker 1>eye in photos in lots of people, that is not

0:14:41.880 --> 0:14:44.640
<v Speaker 1>because of a tapitum lucidum. That is because of light

0:14:44.720 --> 0:14:47.240
<v Speaker 1>reflecting off of the blood vessels in the back of

0:14:47.240 --> 0:14:51.880
<v Speaker 1>our eyes. UM. So I guess you could say that

0:14:51.920 --> 0:14:55.120
<v Speaker 1>what Scott has is like the most intense version of

0:14:55.200 --> 0:15:00.960
<v Speaker 1>red eye imaginable, so intense that it's been magnified and

0:15:01.000 --> 0:15:05.160
<v Speaker 1>focused to phenomenal degree. Yeah, So so you know, maybe

0:15:05.240 --> 0:15:07.040
<v Speaker 1>maybe that if you know, if if we put in

0:15:07.120 --> 0:15:10.200
<v Speaker 1>some kind of tappa and lucidum um, and then combined

0:15:10.360 --> 0:15:13.280
<v Speaker 1>that with some sort of really advanced micro lensing technology

0:15:13.400 --> 0:15:16.760
<v Speaker 1>like contacts or nanobots or whatever, um, then then you

0:15:16.800 --> 0:15:20.440
<v Speaker 1>could you could join forces with these things to to

0:15:20.560 --> 0:15:25.920
<v Speaker 1>create something not entirely quite like eye lasers um, although

0:15:26.000 --> 0:15:28.160
<v Speaker 1>the problem of getting them to shoot out of your

0:15:28.160 --> 0:15:31.000
<v Speaker 1>eyes without also just burning your eyeballs from the inside

0:15:31.000 --> 0:15:32.840
<v Speaker 1>out would be a pretty major one. Not to mention

0:15:32.880 --> 0:15:36.440
<v Speaker 1>it would be reliant upon light coming in as opposed

0:15:36.480 --> 0:15:40.040
<v Speaker 1>to light emanating from you. This is reflecting. Maybe maybe

0:15:40.040 --> 0:15:43.520
<v Speaker 1>there's some meadow materials that reflect more light than they

0:15:43.680 --> 0:15:48.200
<v Speaker 1>take in. Okay, Okay, that's a that's a long stretch

0:15:48.240 --> 0:15:51.960
<v Speaker 1>for that one is a very a very wonderful laur Lauren.

0:15:52.880 --> 0:15:54.960
<v Speaker 1>But I'm going to say, for my money, I think

0:15:55.000 --> 0:15:57.920
<v Speaker 1>the closest thing we could possibly get that we've talked

0:15:57.920 --> 0:16:00.560
<v Speaker 1>about is just some kind of head mount a laser

0:16:01.080 --> 0:16:04.160
<v Speaker 1>that was guided by eye tracking software. Yeah. I think

0:16:04.160 --> 0:16:06.960
<v Speaker 1>it's much safer as an external system. Yeah. And even then,

0:16:07.000 --> 0:16:09.960
<v Speaker 1>you're not talking about like a wide beam as we

0:16:09.960 --> 0:16:12.040
<v Speaker 1>see in the comic books. It would be a pinpoint,

0:16:12.160 --> 0:16:14.840
<v Speaker 1>right unless you had some sort of splitter or whatever,

0:16:14.840 --> 0:16:17.800
<v Speaker 1>in which case it's not going to have the punch

0:16:18.000 --> 0:16:21.080
<v Speaker 1>that that a focused laser would. Okay, let's go on

0:16:21.160 --> 0:16:23.160
<v Speaker 1>to one that I'm sure he's going to be much

0:16:23.200 --> 0:16:28.280
<v Speaker 1>more plausible. Ice Man. Yeah. Yeah, So ice Man is

0:16:28.480 --> 0:16:31.560
<v Speaker 1>one of the original members. Um. He has powers include

0:16:31.600 --> 0:16:34.440
<v Speaker 1>the ability to turn his body into ice, and yet

0:16:34.480 --> 0:16:37.080
<v Speaker 1>he could still move around and function. He could also,

0:16:37.520 --> 0:16:41.280
<v Speaker 1>depending upon the version you're reading, he could either generate ice,

0:16:42.120 --> 0:16:45.520
<v Speaker 1>you know, as much as possible, or he could convert

0:16:45.600 --> 0:16:50.400
<v Speaker 1>any sort of humidity or water in the area into ice.

0:16:50.400 --> 0:16:53.640
<v Speaker 1>He could lower the temperature and use it to make ice. Now, wait,

0:16:53.720 --> 0:16:57.240
<v Speaker 1>can he sort of like blast beams of cold he

0:16:57.480 --> 0:17:00.640
<v Speaker 1>sort of blast beams of ice or or just projections

0:17:00.640 --> 0:17:02.880
<v Speaker 1>of ice. Yeah. Yeah, it's not so much it's not

0:17:02.960 --> 0:17:06.040
<v Speaker 1>so much a cold beam as when he puts his

0:17:06.119 --> 0:17:08.840
<v Speaker 1>hands out, then you see ice emanating from his hands,

0:17:08.840 --> 0:17:14.560
<v Speaker 1>and exactly he can do. He can do crushed or cube.

0:17:16.600 --> 0:17:19.080
<v Speaker 1>He's very popular at all the parties that the X

0:17:19.119 --> 0:17:22.280
<v Speaker 1>Man that glacier ice stuff. Though he does. What he

0:17:22.320 --> 0:17:23.960
<v Speaker 1>does is he does the thing where he makes a

0:17:24.080 --> 0:17:27.360
<v Speaker 1>platform out of ice and then he essentially magically skates

0:17:27.400 --> 0:17:30.280
<v Speaker 1>across it while generating it directly in front of himself.

0:17:30.280 --> 0:17:33.800
<v Speaker 1>And that's frozen. And I would say is very largely

0:17:33.800 --> 0:17:37.719
<v Speaker 1>based on Ice Man, but better attitude. It's not magic.

0:17:37.800 --> 0:17:41.840
<v Speaker 1>He's just a really good surfer. Yeah, NASA's silver surfer,

0:17:41.920 --> 0:17:43.359
<v Speaker 1>by the way. But he's not mutant, so we're not

0:17:43.359 --> 0:17:46.840
<v Speaker 1>going to talk about him. Okay, Well, at first glance,

0:17:46.880 --> 0:17:49.680
<v Speaker 1>you might think, okay, maybe maybe something like this is

0:17:49.720 --> 0:17:55.200
<v Speaker 1>possible because we have refrigeration technology and really good refrigeration technology.

0:17:55.200 --> 0:17:59.000
<v Speaker 1>We can we can create via technology extremely cold environments,

0:17:59.040 --> 0:18:02.399
<v Speaker 1>like the environment meants that they have to uh that

0:18:02.520 --> 0:18:06.320
<v Speaker 1>they have to use to test space telescope mirrors. Sure

0:18:06.359 --> 0:18:09.360
<v Speaker 1>they send them into space, or these super super cooled

0:18:09.440 --> 0:18:12.199
<v Speaker 1>environments that are getting close down to absolute zero, or

0:18:12.200 --> 0:18:15.040
<v Speaker 1>the super cold environment that's necessary in order for something

0:18:15.080 --> 0:18:19.199
<v Speaker 1>like large hadron collider to work. Yeah, we're super cooling uh,

0:18:20.320 --> 0:18:24.440
<v Speaker 1>semiconductors and superconductors. Okay, But the thing is about all

0:18:24.440 --> 0:18:26.600
<v Speaker 1>of those is that humans aren't really supposed to hang

0:18:26.600 --> 0:18:30.919
<v Speaker 1>out in those temperatures. Yeah, that's one. Don't do well

0:18:31.000 --> 0:18:32.880
<v Speaker 1>in our body, you know. We we talked in our

0:18:32.960 --> 0:18:36.560
<v Speaker 1>our episode about reanimating the dead about the problems with crayonics,

0:18:36.560 --> 0:18:38.879
<v Speaker 1>and one of the big ones being the challenge of

0:18:39.000 --> 0:18:43.399
<v Speaker 1>slowly uh lowering a person's body temperature in a in

0:18:43.440 --> 0:18:46.520
<v Speaker 1>a series of efforts in order to get them to

0:18:46.560 --> 0:18:48.280
<v Speaker 1>the right temperature. And we still don't know that we

0:18:48.280 --> 0:18:51.640
<v Speaker 1>could ever bring them back from that because our bodies

0:18:51.680 --> 0:18:54.240
<v Speaker 1>aren't designed for that. We don't we don't do well.

0:18:54.280 --> 0:18:56.600
<v Speaker 1>And our body temperature, once it goes down below a

0:18:56.600 --> 0:19:01.000
<v Speaker 1>certain level, we're not so active anymore, right, Well, we're

0:19:01.000 --> 0:19:04.280
<v Speaker 1>not just creatures that you can just freeze and thaw out.

0:19:04.560 --> 0:19:07.920
<v Speaker 1>We we suffer cellular damage, right right. We we contain

0:19:08.000 --> 0:19:10.600
<v Speaker 1>a whole lot of water. Water expands when it freezes,

0:19:10.920 --> 0:19:14.639
<v Speaker 1>which is terrific for for many physical properties of the

0:19:14.640 --> 0:19:18.119
<v Speaker 1>planet Earth, but is really terrible for you. Yeah, so

0:19:18.680 --> 0:19:23.080
<v Speaker 1>your parts of your body freeze. It's not just like

0:19:23.160 --> 0:19:25.360
<v Speaker 1>you know, the meat that frozen your freezer and then

0:19:25.400 --> 0:19:27.680
<v Speaker 1>you thaw it out and then basically it's still pretty

0:19:27.720 --> 0:19:30.280
<v Speaker 1>much like meat. Live tissue doesn't work that way. It

0:19:30.320 --> 0:19:33.760
<v Speaker 1>gets damaged and stuff happens to it that makes it

0:19:33.800 --> 0:19:37.919
<v Speaker 1>not work. It's bad times. Now. Not all animals on

0:19:38.040 --> 0:19:42.359
<v Speaker 1>Earth are necessarily like that. For example, there are some fish,

0:19:43.000 --> 0:19:46.400
<v Speaker 1>some water dwelling creatures that have genes that make their

0:19:46.440 --> 0:19:49.919
<v Speaker 1>body tissues frost resistant in a way that ours aren't.

0:19:50.600 --> 0:19:53.880
<v Speaker 1>And it's possible. I mean, you could say, well, we

0:19:53.920 --> 0:19:59.080
<v Speaker 1>could create a transgenic human maybe maybe, yeah, possibly, because

0:19:59.080 --> 0:20:01.320
<v Speaker 1>we we do that with toy dose. Right, There's there's

0:20:01.320 --> 0:20:04.159
<v Speaker 1>some tomatoes that are frost resistant because they have this

0:20:04.240 --> 0:20:07.240
<v Speaker 1>fish gene. I don't know if those actually worked, but

0:20:07.280 --> 0:20:09.679
<v Speaker 1>they tried to make ka I think in the I

0:20:09.720 --> 0:20:11.760
<v Speaker 1>think in the nineties there was a company that tried

0:20:11.800 --> 0:20:15.520
<v Speaker 1>to use uh these frost resistant fish genes to make

0:20:15.600 --> 0:20:18.800
<v Speaker 1>tomatoes frost resistant, when, of course people freaked out because

0:20:18.840 --> 0:20:21.080
<v Speaker 1>they were like, oh, no, fish tomatoes, it's Franken style,

0:20:21.320 --> 0:20:23.679
<v Speaker 1>or it's going to be fish flavored tomatoes, which just

0:20:23.720 --> 0:20:27.320
<v Speaker 1>shows a distinct misunderstanding of how genes work. Right. But

0:20:27.440 --> 0:20:32.720
<v Speaker 1>so if if Bobby Drake got this fish transplant, he

0:20:33.200 --> 0:20:37.159
<v Speaker 1>might taste fishy. This is already already the best issue

0:20:37.200 --> 0:20:40.240
<v Speaker 1>of X men I've ever heard of. Please continue. He

0:20:40.640 --> 0:20:43.800
<v Speaker 1>was a transgenic human that was, you know, as an embryo,

0:20:43.920 --> 0:20:47.040
<v Speaker 1>given a splice in from a fish gene that would

0:20:47.040 --> 0:20:49.560
<v Speaker 1>allow parts of his body to freeze and then thaw

0:20:49.600 --> 0:20:52.000
<v Speaker 1>out without the kind of tissue damage that a human

0:20:52.000 --> 0:20:57.040
<v Speaker 1>would normally uh sustain. I don't know if that's really possible,

0:20:57.080 --> 0:21:00.760
<v Speaker 1>but there's sort of one very far off maybe. Okay,

0:21:00.760 --> 0:21:03.800
<v Speaker 1>but but that's just preventing our dear friend Bobby from

0:21:03.920 --> 0:21:10.320
<v Speaker 1>dying immediately upon activating his mutant powers. He doesn't get cold.

0:21:12.600 --> 0:21:14.480
<v Speaker 1>He's the one guy in the movie Theaters. I don't

0:21:14.520 --> 0:21:16.840
<v Speaker 1>know what you're complaining about. Okay, yeah, but the next

0:21:16.880 --> 0:21:21.800
<v Speaker 1>problem here is that we don't have someone emanating cold

0:21:22.040 --> 0:21:25.280
<v Speaker 1>yet um, and this this is really tricky, okay, because

0:21:25.840 --> 0:21:29.840
<v Speaker 1>most of our bodily functions create heat as byproducts of

0:21:29.880 --> 0:21:35.679
<v Speaker 1>their electrochemical and physical reactions, right right, it's a waste product,

0:21:35.720 --> 0:21:39.359
<v Speaker 1>and so creating a mechanism by which a living body

0:21:39.400 --> 0:21:43.040
<v Speaker 1>would give off cold instead of heat. I mean, even

0:21:43.160 --> 0:21:46.719
<v Speaker 1>considering that the cold and heat are technically relative. Um,

0:21:47.280 --> 0:21:49.879
<v Speaker 1>something is colder or hotter than something else. But you

0:21:49.920 --> 0:21:53.360
<v Speaker 1>don't have an absolute cold or hot right. Um, it's

0:21:53.400 --> 0:21:56.320
<v Speaker 1>really biologically unlikely because it's just not the way that

0:21:56.359 --> 0:21:59.760
<v Speaker 1>metabolism works. You doesn't have some sort of organic heat

0:21:59.800 --> 0:22:02.919
<v Speaker 1>ex change system that worked at an incredible level of

0:22:02.960 --> 0:22:07.359
<v Speaker 1>efficiency and speed, and that doesn't really there's not an

0:22:07.480 --> 0:22:09.480
<v Speaker 1>organic way of doing Yeah, you could be a you

0:22:09.480 --> 0:22:12.080
<v Speaker 1>could be a heat sink. I guess, yeah exactly. I

0:22:12.080 --> 0:22:14.080
<v Speaker 1>mean I think the problem we're getting to is that

0:22:14.400 --> 0:22:18.719
<v Speaker 1>you don't really give off cold. Yeah, nothing gives off cold.

0:22:19.119 --> 0:22:21.160
<v Speaker 1>You can, you can be a heat sink. And what's

0:22:21.200 --> 0:22:24.120
<v Speaker 1>happening there is that you're colder than the things around you,

0:22:24.240 --> 0:22:28.120
<v Speaker 1>and you're pulling heat away from them. It's coming into you.

0:22:28.560 --> 0:22:31.080
<v Speaker 1>So that's why an ice cube feels cold. It's not

0:22:31.160 --> 0:22:34.480
<v Speaker 1>that it's giving your hand cold, it's that it's stealing

0:22:34.560 --> 0:22:38.760
<v Speaker 1>heat from your hand, and so that it would be

0:22:38.800 --> 0:22:41.600
<v Speaker 1>hard to direct something like that. I can't really and

0:22:41.880 --> 0:22:44.720
<v Speaker 1>cold doesn't radiate the way heat does. Like you can

0:22:44.720 --> 0:22:50.040
<v Speaker 1>have heat with infrared radiation. That's heat is radiation, That's

0:22:50.080 --> 0:22:52.920
<v Speaker 1>exactly what it is. But but cold doesn't work that way.

0:22:53.080 --> 0:22:55.320
<v Speaker 1>And so the only way I can think that you

0:22:55.359 --> 0:22:58.679
<v Speaker 1>can direct like a beam of cold would be to

0:22:58.800 --> 0:23:03.480
<v Speaker 1>sort of a a cold substance like a cold gas

0:23:03.600 --> 0:23:06.440
<v Speaker 1>or a cold liquid liquid nitrogen or something like that.

0:23:06.480 --> 0:23:09.040
<v Speaker 1>So say something more like more like Mr Freeze does. Yeah.

0:23:09.080 --> 0:23:11.359
<v Speaker 1>But then but then you're kind of getting away from

0:23:11.400 --> 0:23:13.840
<v Speaker 1>the X Men idea and you're just saying like, well, okay,

0:23:13.840 --> 0:23:15.840
<v Speaker 1>so I've got a gun hooked up to a tank

0:23:15.880 --> 0:23:18.000
<v Speaker 1>full of liquid nitrogen on my back and I can

0:23:18.040 --> 0:23:20.159
<v Speaker 1>squirt it at you. But that might be about as

0:23:20.200 --> 0:23:23.919
<v Speaker 1>close as we can get. Yeah. Yeah, Um, so I

0:23:23.920 --> 0:23:26.720
<v Speaker 1>Iceman not one of the more likely ones we could

0:23:26.800 --> 0:23:30.320
<v Speaker 1>translate in any meaningful way. Uh. If we move on

0:23:30.400 --> 0:23:33.240
<v Speaker 1>to the next original member of the X Men, that

0:23:33.280 --> 0:23:37.479
<v Speaker 1>would be Angel. Yeah, Warren Worthington, the third Angel. Okay,

0:23:37.520 --> 0:23:41.560
<v Speaker 1>So in my casual X Men exposure, I was aware

0:23:41.640 --> 0:23:47.240
<v Speaker 1>of Archangel, but never just Angel, same same, same dude. Yeah,

0:23:47.280 --> 0:23:49.800
<v Speaker 1>I think something happened to him. Yeah, some there was

0:23:49.840 --> 0:23:53.320
<v Speaker 1>some kind of metal many things. Yeah, there's there's several

0:23:53.320 --> 0:23:57.399
<v Speaker 1>different incarnations of Angel, including a blue metal winged version,

0:23:57.560 --> 0:24:00.639
<v Speaker 1>and but the original one was a riginal and was

0:24:00.680 --> 0:24:04.080
<v Speaker 1>a dude with wings who could also shoot stuff energy,

0:24:04.440 --> 0:24:09.080
<v Speaker 1>vaguely defined energy from his hands. And um, so we've

0:24:09.119 --> 0:24:11.760
<v Speaker 1>already kind of covered the energy thing, um because it

0:24:11.840 --> 0:24:15.919
<v Speaker 1>was very similar to the concussive blast from from cyclops

0:24:15.920 --> 0:24:18.560
<v Speaker 1>in a way. So you could put lasers on your hands.

0:24:18.600 --> 0:24:22.040
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, and keep in mind, keep in mind lasers

0:24:22.040 --> 0:24:24.320
<v Speaker 1>also require quite a lot of energy, so you would

0:24:24.359 --> 0:24:27.439
<v Speaker 1>have have to carry pretty heavy battery packs if you

0:24:27.440 --> 0:24:29.240
<v Speaker 1>wanted to be able to shoot lasers from your hands,

0:24:29.240 --> 0:24:32.240
<v Speaker 1>and that would be exhausting and uh and even then

0:24:32.280 --> 0:24:34.719
<v Speaker 1>they would drain fairly quickly and you would end up

0:24:34.760 --> 0:24:38.320
<v Speaker 1>with these these weights trapped your arms that don't actually

0:24:38.320 --> 0:24:41.280
<v Speaker 1>do anything. Okay, Okay, so we've done lasers. Let's focus

0:24:41.280 --> 0:24:44.280
<v Speaker 1>on the wings, all right. So angels wings are on

0:24:44.320 --> 0:24:46.919
<v Speaker 1>his back very much in the way that that a

0:24:46.920 --> 0:24:51.000
<v Speaker 1>lot of mythological angels are, right, Yeah, with the wings

0:24:51.000 --> 0:24:54.239
<v Speaker 1>are located behind like the shoulder blades, and then they

0:24:54.240 --> 0:24:56.960
<v Speaker 1>can extend out to either side of the person um.

0:24:57.200 --> 0:25:00.320
<v Speaker 1>So you know, birds have wings. If we put wings

0:25:00.359 --> 0:25:02.640
<v Speaker 1>on a human like that, they'd just be able to fly.

0:25:02.720 --> 0:25:04.720
<v Speaker 1>I mean, you just have to make them like long

0:25:04.840 --> 0:25:06.639
<v Speaker 1>enough so that they'd be the same as, you know,

0:25:06.960 --> 0:25:10.760
<v Speaker 1>relatively speaking a ratio wise like a bird. Right. Well,

0:25:10.800 --> 0:25:14.879
<v Speaker 1>you'd also have to hollow out the humans bones, lighten

0:25:15.080 --> 0:25:19.639
<v Speaker 1>their entire physical structure, and give them a metabolism capable

0:25:19.680 --> 0:25:23.400
<v Speaker 1>of producing energy to allow for flight, plus alter muscular

0:25:23.440 --> 0:25:26.480
<v Speaker 1>structure and skeletal structures so that the muscles have something

0:25:26.480 --> 0:25:29.240
<v Speaker 1>to hold onto. And that would mean that we have

0:25:29.320 --> 0:25:33.800
<v Speaker 1>brand new muscles that humans don't have currently because because

0:25:34.200 --> 0:25:37.639
<v Speaker 1>wings on a bird that kind of corresponds to our arms,

0:25:37.880 --> 0:25:40.440
<v Speaker 1>right sure, sure, So if you cut off your arms

0:25:40.720 --> 0:25:44.680
<v Speaker 1>and attached wings to the to the same musculature, you

0:25:45.359 --> 0:25:48.520
<v Speaker 1>might get around some of that. Maybe I would still

0:25:48.560 --> 0:25:50.639
<v Speaker 1>think you'd have a problem with the fact that the

0:25:50.720 --> 0:25:55.119
<v Speaker 1>human body I would guess it's too dense. I definitely

0:25:55.200 --> 0:25:58.199
<v Speaker 1>know some people are too dense. Birds fly not just

0:25:58.240 --> 0:26:00.320
<v Speaker 1>because they have wings, but as you pointed out, because

0:26:00.359 --> 0:26:03.880
<v Speaker 1>they have a very high surface area to mass ratio,

0:26:04.119 --> 0:26:06.720
<v Speaker 1>and they've got their wings extended so they can get

0:26:06.720 --> 0:26:08.359
<v Speaker 1>a lot of the you know, they can get a

0:26:08.400 --> 0:26:11.600
<v Speaker 1>lot of that air flowing under them in the right way. Um,

0:26:11.960 --> 0:26:15.600
<v Speaker 1>and they don't weigh very much. Yeah, when you when

0:26:15.640 --> 0:26:18.359
<v Speaker 1>you increase the weight of a bird, you're cutting down

0:26:18.400 --> 0:26:22.000
<v Speaker 1>on its ability to fly. It's the same reason you see, Uh,

0:26:22.040 --> 0:26:25.959
<v Speaker 1>like an airplane heavier than aircraft has to use a

0:26:26.000 --> 0:26:29.000
<v Speaker 1>lot of energy to stay in the air. That's why

0:26:29.000 --> 0:26:31.159
<v Speaker 1>they use so much fuel is that they've got to

0:26:31.200 --> 0:26:34.000
<v Speaker 1>maintain these really fast speeds in order to to keep

0:26:34.040 --> 0:26:37.360
<v Speaker 1>slamming enough air under the plane and stay aloft. When

0:26:37.400 --> 0:26:40.720
<v Speaker 1>when you've got a heavy, dense object, your energy requirements

0:26:40.800 --> 0:26:43.919
<v Speaker 1>quickly go out of control. Well, there are multiple things

0:26:44.000 --> 0:26:46.520
<v Speaker 1>that would have to happen in order for a human

0:26:46.560 --> 0:26:49.160
<v Speaker 1>to even remotely be close to being able to fly

0:26:49.280 --> 0:26:51.960
<v Speaker 1>like a bird. Right. So one is that putting the

0:26:51.960 --> 0:26:54.280
<v Speaker 1>wings on the back is a no go. That would

0:26:54.280 --> 0:26:57.600
<v Speaker 1>be that would require a type of motion that is

0:26:57.640 --> 0:27:00.199
<v Speaker 1>not really conducive to flying. You might be able to

0:27:00.280 --> 0:27:04.120
<v Speaker 1>have gliding if you had a large enough wingspan, um,

0:27:04.119 --> 0:27:06.520
<v Speaker 1>but you would not be able to to fly like

0:27:06.560 --> 0:27:10.480
<v Speaker 1>a bird because your your limbs would not be located

0:27:10.520 --> 0:27:12.399
<v Speaker 1>in the right place for you to get the correct

0:27:12.480 --> 0:27:15.400
<v Speaker 1>kind of of stroke you would need in order to fly.

0:27:16.000 --> 0:27:19.040
<v Speaker 1>So wings on the back that doesn't work. You would

0:27:19.040 --> 0:27:22.399
<v Speaker 1>have to have them located more or less where our

0:27:22.560 --> 0:27:25.399
<v Speaker 1>arms are now. You would need to have the solid

0:27:25.440 --> 0:27:29.159
<v Speaker 1>density problem. And like you were saying, Lauren, that it

0:27:29.160 --> 0:27:32.879
<v Speaker 1>takes a lot of energy to fly. But you know,

0:27:32.960 --> 0:27:36.199
<v Speaker 1>if if we could fix that energy problem, um, you know,

0:27:36.280 --> 0:27:39.359
<v Speaker 1>increase the human metabolism and circulation and respiration to the

0:27:39.359 --> 0:27:44.240
<v Speaker 1>point where our muscular skeletal systems could in fact handle flight,

0:27:44.680 --> 0:27:47.120
<v Speaker 1>that would be super rad for for other reasons too,

0:27:48.440 --> 0:27:50.240
<v Speaker 1>like like look at look at bats, which are the

0:27:50.320 --> 0:27:53.680
<v Speaker 1>only mammal which truly flies instead of merely gliding, although

0:27:53.720 --> 0:27:56.000
<v Speaker 1>I'd say that gliding is pretty cool on its own.

0:27:56.200 --> 0:27:59.760
<v Speaker 1>UM and there they're immune systems because of their higher

0:27:59.760 --> 0:28:03.919
<v Speaker 1>metab babilisms are really for serious there so excellent. It's

0:28:04.000 --> 0:28:06.960
<v Speaker 1>um all that extra bodily heat like they run up

0:28:07.000 --> 0:28:09.320
<v Speaker 1>above a hundred degrees like around like a hundred and

0:28:09.359 --> 0:28:13.879
<v Speaker 1>four when they're active. UM means that they're basically inhospitable

0:28:13.920 --> 0:28:17.560
<v Speaker 1>to most bacteria and and viruses that are really terrible

0:28:17.600 --> 0:28:20.439
<v Speaker 1>for us. And I'm sure that bacteria viruses would evolve

0:28:20.440 --> 0:28:22.600
<v Speaker 1>over time if if they didn't have, say, us to

0:28:22.680 --> 0:28:25.439
<v Speaker 1>make delicious snacks out of. But but that could be

0:28:25.520 --> 0:28:27.760
<v Speaker 1>really cool. I wonder if that has anything to do

0:28:27.840 --> 0:28:32.040
<v Speaker 1>with why bats are often a reservoir for disease that

0:28:32.080 --> 0:28:34.320
<v Speaker 1>can be spread to other animals. They think that's it exactly.

0:28:34.359 --> 0:28:36.840
<v Speaker 1>They actually think that, um, that a bola probably originated

0:28:36.880 --> 0:28:39.080
<v Speaker 1>in bats, and that um, when a bat has something

0:28:39.440 --> 0:28:41.960
<v Speaker 1>as as deadly for humans as a bola, it's like

0:28:42.000 --> 0:28:45.000
<v Speaker 1>it's like the flu. To us, it's like a common cold. Um.

0:28:45.080 --> 0:28:48.160
<v Speaker 1>But but they're but they're able able to uh to

0:28:48.280 --> 0:28:53.400
<v Speaker 1>host to be reservoirs for those kind of deadly deadly viruses. Um.

0:28:53.560 --> 0:28:57.240
<v Speaker 1>And and as human civilization is encroaching on their territory,

0:28:57.640 --> 0:29:00.560
<v Speaker 1>they're spreading. They're spreading the viruses too. There are farm

0:29:00.560 --> 0:29:03.719
<v Speaker 1>animals or to us. Okay, so that's true. Maybe we

0:29:03.800 --> 0:29:07.280
<v Speaker 1>could genetically engineer humans to to be capable of flight.

0:29:07.320 --> 0:29:10.080
<v Speaker 1>I mean, that seems pretty pretty far out there, but

0:29:10.400 --> 0:29:13.680
<v Speaker 1>not not impossible. I think at that point would require

0:29:14.240 --> 0:29:17.200
<v Speaker 1>systemic changes. You couldn't call them a human anymore. Yeah,

0:29:17.240 --> 0:29:20.320
<v Speaker 1>I mean, yeah, you know, because the just the changes

0:29:20.320 --> 0:29:23.080
<v Speaker 1>alone in the circulatory and respiratory systems would make them

0:29:23.120 --> 0:29:26.480
<v Speaker 1>look very different from us. Sure, but the question is

0:29:27.800 --> 0:29:30.280
<v Speaker 1>do we even need to worry about this because we

0:29:30.360 --> 0:29:34.040
<v Speaker 1>have the ability to fly, We just need machines to

0:29:34.080 --> 0:29:35.840
<v Speaker 1>help us do it. Right, We got these things called

0:29:35.840 --> 0:29:40.920
<v Speaker 1>planes and helicopters and gyrocopters and all sorts of stuff

0:29:40.920 --> 0:29:44.200
<v Speaker 1>that we can use to, yeah, to to get around

0:29:44.200 --> 0:29:46.800
<v Speaker 1>if we wanted to, whether it's recreationally or we actually

0:29:46.800 --> 0:29:48.880
<v Speaker 1>need to get from point A to point B. I

0:29:48.920 --> 0:29:52.920
<v Speaker 1>guess the thing that's appealing about having wings like Angel

0:29:53.000 --> 0:29:56.800
<v Speaker 1>instead of like having a small aircraft is something about

0:29:56.880 --> 0:30:01.400
<v Speaker 1>agility and uh that you're just more mobile, like you

0:30:01.400 --> 0:30:04.920
<v Speaker 1>wouldn't have to like get in the plane. It's an

0:30:04.960 --> 0:30:07.400
<v Speaker 1>ultimate expression of freedom. It's the same sort of freedom

0:30:07.440 --> 0:30:10.120
<v Speaker 1>that having your own car represents. The American dream. Yeah,

0:30:10.280 --> 0:30:13.600
<v Speaker 1>it's the jet pack dream. You could literally go wherever

0:30:13.760 --> 0:30:17.200
<v Speaker 1>whenever you wanted because you had the means of transportation

0:30:17.920 --> 0:30:20.240
<v Speaker 1>as part of you. So I can certainly see where

0:30:20.240 --> 0:30:24.080
<v Speaker 1>the appeal is. And uh, you know the classic if

0:30:24.120 --> 0:30:27.360
<v Speaker 1>you had a choice between two superpowers, one's invisibility, one's flight,

0:30:27.400 --> 0:30:29.680
<v Speaker 1>which do you go with? I'm a I'm a flight guy,

0:30:29.760 --> 0:30:32.600
<v Speaker 1>so I mean, I totally get it from that perspective,

0:30:33.080 --> 0:30:36.040
<v Speaker 1>but uh yeah, there we've seen some kind of cool

0:30:36.160 --> 0:30:41.760
<v Speaker 1>developments in wingsuit technology that would give you more of

0:30:41.800 --> 0:30:45.959
<v Speaker 1>a flight like experience without having anything else strapped to you.

0:30:46.200 --> 0:30:48.920
<v Speaker 1>So these are suits that end up increasing the surface

0:30:48.960 --> 0:30:51.440
<v Speaker 1>area of a person. Takes a lot of skill to

0:30:51.520 --> 0:30:55.800
<v Speaker 1>actually use one effectively. Um, I've heard of some pretty uh,

0:30:55.840 --> 0:30:59.760
<v Speaker 1>pretty harrowing experiences with people who hadn't really had a

0:30:59.760 --> 0:31:01.960
<v Speaker 1>lot of experience with this sort of stuff and they

0:31:02.000 --> 0:31:04.200
<v Speaker 1>could go into a role and that's pretty bad. But

0:31:04.880 --> 0:31:08.600
<v Speaker 1>these are always used in tandem with parachutes, and the

0:31:08.640 --> 0:31:11.440
<v Speaker 1>idea is that it slows your level of descent. You

0:31:11.840 --> 0:31:16.360
<v Speaker 1>start falling vertically at a slower speed while still maintaining

0:31:16.400 --> 0:31:19.880
<v Speaker 1>your horizontal movement, so you can um continue to move

0:31:19.920 --> 0:31:24.040
<v Speaker 1>forward and fly, but you're also falling. You're not you're

0:31:24.040 --> 0:31:27.800
<v Speaker 1>not generating enough lift for you to to go up

0:31:27.840 --> 0:31:31.400
<v Speaker 1>to ascend it all. So eventually you have to deploy

0:31:31.400 --> 0:31:34.680
<v Speaker 1>your parachute essentially at the same altitude that you would

0:31:34.720 --> 0:31:37.160
<v Speaker 1>if you were doing a normal jump. It's just that

0:31:37.200 --> 0:31:40.080
<v Speaker 1>you're able to move forward quite a bit in that

0:31:40.240 --> 0:31:45.080
<v Speaker 1>same amount of of vertical space, and so it's it's cool.

0:31:45.240 --> 0:31:47.520
<v Speaker 1>And then if you wanted to do something really nifty,

0:31:47.880 --> 0:31:51.160
<v Speaker 1>you could attach a motor to yourself and have a

0:31:51.280 --> 0:31:54.479
<v Speaker 1>jet attack wingsuit. Could you guys see about the guy

0:31:54.480 --> 0:31:57.000
<v Speaker 1>who flew around the Alps with us? He didn't did

0:31:57.040 --> 0:32:00.360
<v Speaker 1>it an eight minute flight with a jet pack suit,

0:32:00.400 --> 0:32:01.880
<v Speaker 1>and it was pretty awesome And it looks like a

0:32:01.920 --> 0:32:05.320
<v Speaker 1>superhero flying around, albeit a superhero is not going to

0:32:05.400 --> 0:32:07.280
<v Speaker 1>be a whole lot of use once he hits the

0:32:07.280 --> 0:32:10.840
<v Speaker 1>ground because his suit is kind of bulky. But yeah,

0:32:11.120 --> 0:32:13.680
<v Speaker 1>that it was really neat to watch, and that's something

0:32:13.680 --> 0:32:16.440
<v Speaker 1>that's a possibility. But that's about as close as we're

0:32:16.440 --> 0:32:19.480
<v Speaker 1>going to get to Angel's abilities. Okay, how about we

0:32:19.520 --> 0:32:22.760
<v Speaker 1>move on to another one. Okay, yeah, the big blue

0:32:22.960 --> 0:32:26.719
<v Speaker 1>fur ball, Well, okay, you're talking about Beast, but in

0:32:26.760 --> 0:32:30.040
<v Speaker 1>the original comics, he was not blue or a furball.

0:32:30.080 --> 0:32:32.760
<v Speaker 1>He was kind He's kind of a squat dude who

0:32:32.800 --> 0:32:36.640
<v Speaker 1>looked a little kind of like a feline, features a

0:32:36.720 --> 0:32:39.280
<v Speaker 1>little bit of a feeling. He was almost almost more

0:32:39.360 --> 0:32:43.120
<v Speaker 1>guerrilla ish. I think in the originals, I guess, I

0:32:42.120 --> 0:32:46.560
<v Speaker 1>guess I'm thinking of the original beat. Yeah, Yeah, no, no no, Hank,

0:32:46.600 --> 0:32:50.000
<v Speaker 1>Hank McCoy a doctor, Hank McCoy, pardon me. Um had

0:32:50.000 --> 0:32:52.440
<v Speaker 1>physical proportions along the lines of of like a non

0:32:52.520 --> 0:32:54.600
<v Speaker 1>human great ape, like a like a gorilla. He had

0:32:54.600 --> 0:32:58.360
<v Speaker 1>the longer arms, the larger hands, and larger, more dexterous feet.

0:32:58.600 --> 0:33:01.360
<v Speaker 1>That the fur and cat like fee cheers, and physical

0:33:01.400 --> 0:33:04.160
<v Speaker 1>resilience and wall climbing and all of those other powers

0:33:04.160 --> 0:33:08.480
<v Speaker 1>were due to various secondary mutations, depending on which comics

0:33:08.480 --> 0:33:11.880
<v Speaker 1>you were reading at the time. Yeah, he was Um.

0:33:11.920 --> 0:33:15.000
<v Speaker 1>He was just kind of strong and smart. Yeah, which

0:33:15.040 --> 0:33:18.719
<v Speaker 1>was you know, they didn't dream as big, I guess

0:33:18.720 --> 0:33:20.760
<v Speaker 1>in that first in that first run. But of course

0:33:20.760 --> 0:33:23.920
<v Speaker 1>the story about his mutation is that it continued on

0:33:24.040 --> 0:33:26.440
<v Speaker 1>that that what you saw in those original comics wasn't

0:33:26.480 --> 0:33:32.480
<v Speaker 1>the the full maturation of his mutation something else? Yeah,

0:33:32.520 --> 0:33:34.880
<v Speaker 1>well it was usually do I think to to his

0:33:34.920 --> 0:33:38.160
<v Speaker 1>own tinkering in one way or another. So the question

0:33:38.200 --> 0:33:42.440
<v Speaker 1>there is could we really make a human being be

0:33:42.680 --> 0:33:46.080
<v Speaker 1>similar to to the beast. Part of this is of course,

0:33:46.120 --> 0:33:50.160
<v Speaker 1>again a look at changing the actual physiology of a human,

0:33:50.240 --> 0:33:54.160
<v Speaker 1>like if you're talking about UM, you know, altering the

0:33:54.680 --> 0:33:59.880
<v Speaker 1>ratio of how long an armspan is that kind of stuff? Uh,

0:34:00.040 --> 0:34:01.880
<v Speaker 1>you know, of course there are people who are born

0:34:02.040 --> 0:34:05.760
<v Speaker 1>with various mutations where their arms might be longer than

0:34:05.800 --> 0:34:07.920
<v Speaker 1>what would be normal for a person of that frame,

0:34:08.080 --> 0:34:10.400
<v Speaker 1>or maybe within the norm I should say, as opposed

0:34:10.400 --> 0:34:12.600
<v Speaker 1>to normal. That as its own logal, you know, like

0:34:12.800 --> 0:34:15.480
<v Speaker 1>some some of those some of the Olympic athletes, for example,

0:34:15.560 --> 0:34:18.879
<v Speaker 1>have have bodies that just happened to be extremely well

0:34:18.920 --> 0:34:21.920
<v Speaker 1>suited to whatever. Right. Yeah, you can see some swimmers

0:34:21.920 --> 0:34:24.880
<v Speaker 1>who have really long arms that are helps them in

0:34:24.920 --> 0:34:30.560
<v Speaker 1>their uh, in their sport. Um. Designing that genetically might

0:34:30.600 --> 0:34:33.800
<v Speaker 1>not be an impossibility in the future. It's not something

0:34:33.800 --> 0:34:37.279
<v Speaker 1>we can do even remotely right now. But it could

0:34:37.320 --> 0:34:40.120
<v Speaker 1>be that with a greater understanding of genetics and ability

0:34:40.239 --> 0:34:43.480
<v Speaker 1>to alter them, that we could in fact start to

0:34:43.719 --> 0:34:48.920
<v Speaker 1>engineer people to have better physical abilities and better physical resilience. Well,

0:34:48.960 --> 0:34:52.920
<v Speaker 1>if you're talking about making someone more like a guerrilla,

0:34:53.200 --> 0:34:56.960
<v Speaker 1>I mean it seems inherently easier. I mean, I'm not

0:34:57.000 --> 0:35:00.920
<v Speaker 1>a geneticist, obviously it seems inherently easier to make someone

0:35:01.040 --> 0:35:06.080
<v Speaker 1>more like a close genetic relative of their species. Well,

0:35:06.280 --> 0:35:08.319
<v Speaker 1>I think no matter, I don't know that we would

0:35:08.360 --> 0:35:11.360
<v Speaker 1>ever get to like a transgenic approach, though, um, I

0:35:11.360 --> 0:35:13.799
<v Speaker 1>think it would be more likely we would identify the

0:35:13.840 --> 0:35:18.120
<v Speaker 1>genes responsible for certain development in human beings and then

0:35:18.160 --> 0:35:22.120
<v Speaker 1>tweak them as opposed to take take you know, a

0:35:22.200 --> 0:35:25.799
<v Speaker 1>biomimicry approach, although that I guess it's a possibility. It's

0:35:25.800 --> 0:35:27.880
<v Speaker 1>just that the genetics of an ape and the genetics

0:35:27.960 --> 0:35:31.200
<v Speaker 1>of a human are have enough differences where I'm not

0:35:31.239 --> 0:35:33.200
<v Speaker 1>sure that that's the right way to go, but I

0:35:33.200 --> 0:35:36.120
<v Speaker 1>don't know. Yeah, yeah, And and the strength scientists think

0:35:36.160 --> 0:35:38.520
<v Speaker 1>in in great apes is not only due to their

0:35:38.560 --> 0:35:43.320
<v Speaker 1>to their limb proportions and and and muscular skeletal systems. Okay, um,

0:35:43.360 --> 0:35:45.719
<v Speaker 1>you know they are much stronger than humans like like

0:35:45.800 --> 0:35:49.760
<v Speaker 1>reports vary, but it's at least twice as strong upper

0:35:49.800 --> 0:35:52.440
<v Speaker 1>body wise at any rate. And and some of it,

0:35:52.960 --> 0:35:57.000
<v Speaker 1>researchers suspect has to do with their neural makeup, especially

0:35:57.080 --> 0:36:00.440
<v Speaker 1>in the spine. Um that the idea goes that humans

0:36:00.440 --> 0:36:03.120
<v Speaker 1>have a lot of motor neurons in our spines, which

0:36:03.120 --> 0:36:07.400
<v Speaker 1>gives us really good fine motor control and really good endurance.

0:36:07.640 --> 0:36:09.319
<v Speaker 1>Like we can we can run really fast, and we

0:36:09.400 --> 0:36:11.560
<v Speaker 1>can type on a keyboard when we get there but

0:36:11.640 --> 0:36:14.359
<v Speaker 1>it makes it really difficult for us to coordinate all

0:36:14.360 --> 0:36:17.160
<v Speaker 1>of our muscles in in the kind of bursts of

0:36:17.239 --> 0:36:20.359
<v Speaker 1>strength that we see in aims. That's really interesting. Yeah,

0:36:20.440 --> 0:36:22.480
<v Speaker 1>And if you're talking about the sort of strength that

0:36:22.560 --> 0:36:24.680
<v Speaker 1>you see in the comics where Beast is able to

0:36:24.719 --> 0:36:28.640
<v Speaker 1>do truly superhuman feats, we would also be limited by

0:36:28.840 --> 0:36:32.160
<v Speaker 1>just the fragility of our bodies. Right, I mean, there's

0:36:32.440 --> 0:36:34.120
<v Speaker 1>some things that you're not going to be able to

0:36:34.200 --> 0:36:37.440
<v Speaker 1>do because it would it would injure you to do so. Right,

0:36:37.719 --> 0:36:40.080
<v Speaker 1>I'm reminded of I think it was a Saturday Night

0:36:40.120 --> 0:36:44.440
<v Speaker 1>Live skit actually, where the skit was that there was

0:36:44.480 --> 0:36:47.200
<v Speaker 1>a weightlifter who was going to lift an enormous amount

0:36:47.239 --> 0:36:50.720
<v Speaker 1>of weights. And so it's like one of the SNL

0:36:50.760 --> 0:36:53.480
<v Speaker 1>guys in a suit that's made to look supermulky, sort

0:36:53.480 --> 0:36:55.800
<v Speaker 1>of like the old Hans and Fronds stuff, and he

0:36:55.920 --> 0:36:58.399
<v Speaker 1>stands up at both arms rip off because they're still

0:36:58.400 --> 0:37:00.680
<v Speaker 1>holding onto the because the white was too and he

0:37:00.800 --> 0:37:03.680
<v Speaker 1>just looks disappointed. He's not he's not he's not screaming

0:37:03.680 --> 0:37:07.600
<v Speaker 1>in pain. He's just like, oh man, But uh, you know,

0:37:07.719 --> 0:37:10.239
<v Speaker 1>sort of the same sort of thing is the sense

0:37:10.280 --> 0:37:12.920
<v Speaker 1>that you know you there, we be limited by our

0:37:13.000 --> 0:37:16.799
<v Speaker 1>own bodies, not just in the capacity of strength we have,

0:37:16.920 --> 0:37:21.280
<v Speaker 1>but how much how much weight our body could actually support.

0:37:21.440 --> 0:37:22.920
<v Speaker 1>It would be It would be a lot of genetic

0:37:22.920 --> 0:37:26.080
<v Speaker 1>tinkering to to bring all of those factors together. Um.

0:37:26.880 --> 0:37:31.320
<v Speaker 1>His his intelligence is also partially a mutation. Um. And

0:37:31.320 --> 0:37:33.799
<v Speaker 1>and that you know, we've done episodes, whole episodes before

0:37:33.840 --> 0:37:36.520
<v Speaker 1>on how we might make ourselves smarter. Yeah, we're getting

0:37:36.560 --> 0:37:39.160
<v Speaker 1>into sort of Gattica territory with this stuff too. Write

0:37:39.160 --> 0:37:42.960
<v Speaker 1>this idea of being able to tweak ourselves through genetic

0:37:43.000 --> 0:37:46.839
<v Speaker 1>manipulation to have the best us that we can be right, right,

0:37:46.920 --> 0:37:48.560
<v Speaker 1>And there are a lot of questions that come up

0:37:48.600 --> 0:37:51.000
<v Speaker 1>with oh so many ethical questions. I mean, because mostly

0:37:51.040 --> 0:37:53.120
<v Speaker 1>this wouldn't be stuff that we could do to ourselves,

0:37:53.160 --> 0:37:56.040
<v Speaker 1>but due to the next generation of embryos that would

0:37:56.040 --> 0:37:58.799
<v Speaker 1>be fusing with and so and beyond that, you have

0:37:58.880 --> 0:38:02.120
<v Speaker 1>the question of if becomes available, who does it become

0:38:02.160 --> 0:38:07.000
<v Speaker 1>available to. So even if you eventually say, yeah, this

0:38:07.040 --> 0:38:09.680
<v Speaker 1>is something we should do, then you then you have

0:38:09.719 --> 0:38:11.440
<v Speaker 1>the question of who should we do it too. And

0:38:11.440 --> 0:38:14.000
<v Speaker 1>if it's not everyone, that's a big problem. I think

0:38:14.040 --> 0:38:16.920
<v Speaker 1>we should just completely avoid the question of whether we

0:38:16.920 --> 0:38:20.960
<v Speaker 1>should actually do this to an Okay, we're playing in

0:38:21.040 --> 0:38:23.399
<v Speaker 1>fantasy world here, this is the X Men. It will

0:38:23.440 --> 0:38:26.880
<v Speaker 1>be another episode. I don't think we should turn anybody

0:38:26.920 --> 0:38:29.959
<v Speaker 1>into beast or angel, right, But if we're talking about

0:38:29.960 --> 0:38:33.200
<v Speaker 1>the ability to boost someone's physical and mental abilities, then

0:38:33.239 --> 0:38:35.160
<v Speaker 1>it becomes a little more tricky. Right. We're not We're

0:38:35.200 --> 0:38:38.840
<v Speaker 1>not saying turn them into this comic book character. We're

0:38:38.880 --> 0:38:42.600
<v Speaker 1>saying things like, can we help this person be healthier

0:38:42.640 --> 0:38:44.880
<v Speaker 1>and smarter? And that's where it starts to sneak in

0:38:44.960 --> 0:38:48.880
<v Speaker 1>and get tricky. Okay, I I agree with both of you. Um,

0:38:48.920 --> 0:38:51.400
<v Speaker 1>but hey, you guys, I want to talk about about for.

0:38:52.280 --> 0:38:54.000
<v Speaker 1>Please do I'm a bald man. I want to hear

0:38:54.040 --> 0:38:56.960
<v Speaker 1>about this. Do we get blue fur back? Now? I

0:38:57.000 --> 0:38:59.719
<v Speaker 1>don't want a beast that looks like a person. Yeah, yeah, No, no,

0:38:59.800 --> 0:39:02.040
<v Speaker 1>we can. I mean you want for you can totally

0:39:02.080 --> 0:39:05.160
<v Speaker 1>get for. Okay, we've we have absolutely isolated the genes

0:39:05.280 --> 0:39:10.160
<v Speaker 1>and various medications and steroid treatments that are responsible for

0:39:10.239 --> 0:39:14.359
<v Speaker 1>hypertrichosis a k A werewolf syndrome a k A being

0:39:14.680 --> 0:39:18.719
<v Speaker 1>really hairy. So this would be blue dye and you're there. Yeah, yeah, yeah,

0:39:18.960 --> 0:39:22.080
<v Speaker 1>these are you know, you probably heard about stories of

0:39:22.440 --> 0:39:26.000
<v Speaker 1>folks who have suffered from this who had uh then

0:39:26.200 --> 0:39:29.200
<v Speaker 1>ended up leveraging it or having it leveraged for them

0:39:29.600 --> 0:39:33.160
<v Speaker 1>for in a circuit side shows. Yeah. Yeah, the wolf

0:39:33.200 --> 0:39:36.439
<v Speaker 1>boy syndrome. That's pretty much what we're talking about here. Yeah. Yeah,

0:39:36.520 --> 0:39:40.959
<v Speaker 1>And so so that that's hella possible, and and there's

0:39:41.040 --> 0:39:43.120
<v Speaker 1>and you know, there's already people in the in the

0:39:43.160 --> 0:39:46.880
<v Speaker 1>body mod community who are making themselves through through plastic

0:39:46.880 --> 0:39:51.879
<v Speaker 1>surgery and implants of various kinds, look more feline. So

0:39:51.880 --> 0:39:54.480
<v Speaker 1>so the future is now, yeah, there, there's definitely the

0:39:54.480 --> 0:39:58.120
<v Speaker 1>body modification part. If you want to look at least

0:39:59.120 --> 0:40:01.879
<v Speaker 1>as far as features go, like the beast, then there's

0:40:01.920 --> 0:40:03.680
<v Speaker 1>at least the possiblity you could do that. I mean,

0:40:03.719 --> 0:40:08.279
<v Speaker 1>the the disproportionate arms and legs would be a little different. Now,

0:40:08.400 --> 0:40:11.359
<v Speaker 1>that's not something you can easily alter, but the other

0:40:11.360 --> 0:40:16.080
<v Speaker 1>features certainly totally and you can get those little glasses. Okay,

0:40:16.160 --> 0:40:18.279
<v Speaker 1>all right, enough about beasts. I think we should move

0:40:18.320 --> 0:40:21.000
<v Speaker 1>on to the last couple, which we're sort of going

0:40:21.040 --> 0:40:23.640
<v Speaker 1>to pair together. I think it makes sense because their

0:40:23.680 --> 0:40:26.839
<v Speaker 1>their powers are so similar to one another, right, which

0:40:26.920 --> 0:40:29.920
<v Speaker 1>is Jean Gray and Professor X. Now I know these two,

0:40:30.000 --> 0:40:32.040
<v Speaker 1>and I want to start right off the bat by

0:40:32.080 --> 0:40:35.160
<v Speaker 1>saying something that might be a little surprising, which is

0:40:35.200 --> 0:40:38.960
<v Speaker 1>I think maybe out of all of these something like

0:40:39.040 --> 0:40:42.719
<v Speaker 1>the telepathic powers of Jane Gray and Professor X are

0:40:42.760 --> 0:40:46.759
<v Speaker 1>some of the most technologically plausible in the real X

0:40:46.760 --> 0:40:49.440
<v Speaker 1>men kind of sense. And let me explain what I

0:40:49.480 --> 0:40:52.800
<v Speaker 1>mean by that. I don't believe in psychics and stuff

0:40:52.840 --> 0:40:55.080
<v Speaker 1>like that. You know that you're born with the ability

0:40:55.200 --> 0:40:58.919
<v Speaker 1>to reach into someone's mind and see their past. But Joe,

0:40:58.920 --> 0:41:02.399
<v Speaker 1>we only use ten per one of our brains. Don't

0:41:02.400 --> 0:41:05.239
<v Speaker 1>go down oka enough, Okay, okay, No. I want to

0:41:05.280 --> 0:41:08.560
<v Speaker 1>talk about the way that we have already learned that

0:41:08.920 --> 0:41:14.240
<v Speaker 1>brain signals can be interpreted by computers and vice versa,

0:41:14.680 --> 0:41:19.000
<v Speaker 1>and using technology as a sort of middleman, you can

0:41:19.160 --> 0:41:23.120
<v Speaker 1>have brain to brain communication and brain to brain control.

0:41:23.239 --> 0:41:25.879
<v Speaker 1>We've already seen this where there have been experiments where

0:41:26.520 --> 0:41:30.120
<v Speaker 1>humans have been able to control the bodies of animals

0:41:30.160 --> 0:41:34.440
<v Speaker 1>through brain computer interfaces. Did you see about this? I

0:41:34.480 --> 0:41:38.160
<v Speaker 1>did not, Like a like a human wired up through

0:41:38.160 --> 0:41:42.960
<v Speaker 1>a brain computer interface can by thinking, control the muscles

0:41:42.960 --> 0:41:46.800
<v Speaker 1>in a rat's body, like make a rat move its tail. Interesting.

0:41:47.560 --> 0:41:49.279
<v Speaker 1>It's kind of similar to it to the way that

0:41:49.440 --> 0:41:53.040
<v Speaker 1>um some of the pros species are working these days,

0:41:53.080 --> 0:41:54.880
<v Speaker 1>where if if they if they wire it up to

0:41:54.960 --> 0:41:57.960
<v Speaker 1>your to your skull, you can you can control and

0:41:58.040 --> 0:42:01.560
<v Speaker 1>an arm press thattic example, with your brain. Now, if

0:42:01.560 --> 0:42:07.239
<v Speaker 1>you imagine continually refining our approach to reading and interpreting

0:42:07.320 --> 0:42:11.839
<v Speaker 1>brain signals through computer interfaces, you can totally see how

0:42:11.920 --> 0:42:16.040
<v Speaker 1>someone might actually be able to use a computer interface

0:42:16.200 --> 0:42:19.560
<v Speaker 1>to know what somebody else is thinking about, or to

0:42:19.719 --> 0:42:23.879
<v Speaker 1>control what somebody else is thinking about. The issue here

0:42:23.920 --> 0:42:26.480
<v Speaker 1>I would say mainly is that we imagine Geen Graham,

0:42:26.480 --> 0:42:30.520
<v Speaker 1>Professor X can do it without machines. And right now

0:42:30.880 --> 0:42:34.760
<v Speaker 1>what this would involve is potentially very large and powerful

0:42:34.760 --> 0:42:37.239
<v Speaker 1>machines like fm R I and stuff like that. Well,

0:42:37.280 --> 0:42:40.040
<v Speaker 1>and right now, the type of communication I've seen with

0:42:40.160 --> 0:42:44.719
<v Speaker 1>the experiments that I'm familiar with involve more of a

0:42:44.719 --> 0:42:48.160
<v Speaker 1>person and a computer display and another person with another

0:42:48.200 --> 0:42:51.799
<v Speaker 1>computer display and communicating through that. So, in other words,

0:42:51.800 --> 0:42:54.359
<v Speaker 1>you're not having a direct brain to brain communication in

0:42:54.400 --> 0:42:57.960
<v Speaker 1>that sense where you can actually relay useful information. It

0:42:57.960 --> 0:43:01.600
<v Speaker 1>would be more using your brain to interact with the computer.

0:43:01.840 --> 0:43:03.880
<v Speaker 1>The other person on the other side would see the

0:43:03.960 --> 0:43:08.120
<v Speaker 1>message and then they could think and send back a

0:43:08.160 --> 0:43:10.319
<v Speaker 1>message similar to that, and even then I think it's

0:43:10.400 --> 0:43:13.880
<v Speaker 1>picking messages. But one interesting thing I can talk about

0:43:13.920 --> 0:43:16.880
<v Speaker 1>that I just saw the week we're recording this podcast

0:43:17.719 --> 0:43:20.920
<v Speaker 1>was some experiments that were done at Georgia Tech a

0:43:20.960 --> 0:43:25.480
<v Speaker 1>few years ago where uh, they were working with American

0:43:25.600 --> 0:43:31.040
<v Speaker 1>sign language and uh, working with people who were suffering

0:43:31.080 --> 0:43:33.640
<v Speaker 1>from an ailment and we're going to be locked in.

0:43:33.760 --> 0:43:36.160
<v Speaker 1>But before they got locked in, locked in being they

0:43:36.160 --> 0:43:40.000
<v Speaker 1>can no longer move or have one more muscle control. Um,

0:43:40.040 --> 0:43:43.759
<v Speaker 1>they would practice signing and sign language and their brain

0:43:43.800 --> 0:43:46.920
<v Speaker 1>waves were read, and it turned out that someone who

0:43:47.000 --> 0:43:49.680
<v Speaker 1>was locked in, if they were thinking in sign language

0:43:49.719 --> 0:43:52.719
<v Speaker 1>to try and communicate a message, the same areas of

0:43:52.760 --> 0:43:54.960
<v Speaker 1>their brain would light up, whether they were able to

0:43:55.000 --> 0:43:58.840
<v Speaker 1>move those muscles or not. So thinking of words and

0:43:58.920 --> 0:44:01.839
<v Speaker 1>sentences is soup, Like that's beyond what we can do

0:44:01.960 --> 0:44:04.960
<v Speaker 1>right now, being able to say all right, uh when

0:44:05.040 --> 0:44:08.600
<v Speaker 1>you think of the word mary, yeah, yeah. It may

0:44:08.600 --> 0:44:11.200
<v Speaker 1>be that if you were to give someone twenty different

0:44:11.200 --> 0:44:15.120
<v Speaker 1>phrases and you and you mapped how each phrase looked

0:44:15.120 --> 0:44:17.839
<v Speaker 1>every single time, they just read that one phrase, and

0:44:17.840 --> 0:44:19.880
<v Speaker 1>then you gave them the option of choosing any of

0:44:19.880 --> 0:44:22.040
<v Speaker 1>those phrases, you might be able to figure out which

0:44:22.040 --> 0:44:23.759
<v Speaker 1>one it was they were thinking of, if in fact,

0:44:23.760 --> 0:44:26.360
<v Speaker 1>they are able to think specifically of that phrase. But

0:44:26.400 --> 0:44:28.879
<v Speaker 1>that's a lot of ifs. But it turns out that

0:44:28.960 --> 0:44:31.520
<v Speaker 1>this is this is promising, it's something we can go down.

0:44:31.560 --> 0:44:33.440
<v Speaker 1>We're just like you were saying, Joe, We're just not

0:44:33.640 --> 0:44:35.440
<v Speaker 1>We're not there yet, but it doesn't mean that we

0:44:35.520 --> 0:44:39.520
<v Speaker 1>can't one day get there. So it'll be interesting to

0:44:39.560 --> 0:44:41.360
<v Speaker 1>see if we ever get to that kind of brain

0:44:41.400 --> 0:44:46.560
<v Speaker 1>to brain interaction. I'm not sure how useful it is,

0:44:46.640 --> 0:44:48.880
<v Speaker 1>seeing as how we have other forms of communication that

0:44:48.880 --> 0:44:51.200
<v Speaker 1>aren't relying on it, other than in the cases of

0:44:51.239 --> 0:44:56.320
<v Speaker 1>people who are suffering from these maladies. Right, but I

0:44:56.360 --> 0:44:58.799
<v Speaker 1>mean for me and you, we can just talk, and

0:44:59.600 --> 0:45:02.560
<v Speaker 1>I don't know that there's our office environment hasn't gotten

0:45:02.560 --> 0:45:04.120
<v Speaker 1>to the point where I feel like I need to

0:45:04.160 --> 0:45:06.719
<v Speaker 1>just think directly at you because I'm afraid that you know,

0:45:06.800 --> 0:45:09.600
<v Speaker 1>Josh is going to overhear me. We haven't quite reached

0:45:09.640 --> 0:45:13.960
<v Speaker 1>that point yet. Give another year. Well, but obviously what

0:45:14.080 --> 0:45:19.080
<v Speaker 1>will be useful in the future is mind control. Uh,

0:45:19.120 --> 0:45:21.560
<v Speaker 1>you know, here's the thing is that part of me

0:45:21.640 --> 0:45:23.799
<v Speaker 1>is skeptical about it, but another part of me says, well,

0:45:24.239 --> 0:45:27.840
<v Speaker 1>the processes in the mind are electrical and chemical, and

0:45:27.920 --> 0:45:31.160
<v Speaker 1>if you were able to induce electrical and chemical processes

0:45:31.520 --> 0:45:35.520
<v Speaker 1>out externally, there's nothing to say that it wouldn't work.

0:45:35.760 --> 0:45:38.000
<v Speaker 1>I mean, you know, part of us wants to believe

0:45:38.040 --> 0:45:41.839
<v Speaker 1>that there at least is some other element that's outside

0:45:41.960 --> 0:45:44.840
<v Speaker 1>of that matter, you know, the whole mind body problem

0:45:44.920 --> 0:45:48.720
<v Speaker 1>that people will talk about, but all scientific evidence points

0:45:48.719 --> 0:45:52.959
<v Speaker 1>to it's very much matter that is at play here

0:45:53.160 --> 0:45:56.359
<v Speaker 1>that if you suffer brain damage, then you can have

0:45:56.960 --> 0:46:00.400
<v Speaker 1>very a very different personality for example. Well yeah, and

0:46:00.440 --> 0:46:03.399
<v Speaker 1>that brings us to another thing that comes up with

0:46:03.560 --> 0:46:06.480
<v Speaker 1>Professor X and Jane Gray, which is the manipulation of

0:46:06.520 --> 0:46:10.680
<v Speaker 1>other people's memories. Sure, sure, because what you're talking about

0:46:10.680 --> 0:46:14.400
<v Speaker 1>in terms of brain damage is the inability for parts

0:46:14.400 --> 0:46:17.480
<v Speaker 1>of the brain, for for neurons, for neural pathways to

0:46:17.880 --> 0:46:21.400
<v Speaker 1>reconnect the way that they used to, and in memories,

0:46:21.440 --> 0:46:24.120
<v Speaker 1>that's exactly what we've talked about before. Over in the hypothalmus,

0:46:24.200 --> 0:46:27.560
<v Speaker 1>we have these neural pathways that create that represent a memory.

0:46:27.800 --> 0:46:30.840
<v Speaker 1>When you try to remember something, you're actually reconstructing that

0:46:30.960 --> 0:46:36.279
<v Speaker 1>neural pathway, right, but it never reconstructs exactly the same way. Well,

0:46:36.440 --> 0:46:40.560
<v Speaker 1>you can tamper with somebody's memories without getting inside their brain.

0:46:40.640 --> 0:46:42.719
<v Speaker 1>You just need to talk to them. I mean, you

0:46:42.760 --> 0:46:46.680
<v Speaker 1>can contaminate someone's memory of an event just by saying words,

0:46:47.000 --> 0:46:49.440
<v Speaker 1>or you can just let or highly susceptible to them.

0:46:50.000 --> 0:46:52.600
<v Speaker 1>You can just let them be on their own and

0:46:53.560 --> 0:46:55.640
<v Speaker 1>ask them to tell the story. Every time you hear

0:46:55.680 --> 0:46:57.839
<v Speaker 1>the story, it's gonna be a little different. I mean,

0:46:57.840 --> 0:46:59.759
<v Speaker 1>it's just it's one of those things where we do

0:46:59.800 --> 0:47:03.879
<v Speaker 1>not remember things perfectly. We feel we do because it's

0:47:03.880 --> 0:47:06.040
<v Speaker 1>in our heads, and we we can perceive it as

0:47:06.520 --> 0:47:09.200
<v Speaker 1>this is something that we can rely upon. I experienced this,

0:47:09.239 --> 0:47:11.480
<v Speaker 1>and I memory. It's not that people are lying to

0:47:11.520 --> 0:47:14.080
<v Speaker 1>you necessarily when they tell a story differently. They might

0:47:14.120 --> 0:47:17.600
<v Speaker 1>genuinely be remembering the story in that slightly different way.

0:47:17.719 --> 0:47:20.600
<v Speaker 1>And that's why we've often said that eyewitness testimony in

0:47:20.640 --> 0:47:24.960
<v Speaker 1>court cases is not so reliable because we have faulty memories,

0:47:25.280 --> 0:47:27.719
<v Speaker 1>and yet we rely on it very heavily in the

0:47:27.719 --> 0:47:30.799
<v Speaker 1>court system because we find it. We find storytelling to

0:47:30.800 --> 0:47:33.279
<v Speaker 1>be very compelling and a lot of times it's the

0:47:33.320 --> 0:47:37.560
<v Speaker 1>only evidence you have, and that's problematic, but it's also

0:47:37.680 --> 0:47:40.960
<v Speaker 1>I mean it we're all susceptible to this. It's not

0:47:41.000 --> 0:47:43.239
<v Speaker 1>like you were saying, Lauren, It's not that someone's necessarily

0:47:43.280 --> 0:47:47.480
<v Speaker 1>setting out to to deceive anyone. It's just what happened.

0:47:48.120 --> 0:47:50.319
<v Speaker 1>But but what about one of those other classic x

0:47:50.360 --> 0:47:55.520
<v Speaker 1>menish psychic powers illusions, like like projecting illusions. Yeah. So,

0:47:55.520 --> 0:47:58.400
<v Speaker 1>so the way that I understand it and correct me

0:47:58.440 --> 0:48:00.680
<v Speaker 1>if I'm wrong, because this is just my standing of

0:48:00.719 --> 0:48:03.799
<v Speaker 1>this power. My understanding is the way the illusions work

0:48:04.000 --> 0:48:07.319
<v Speaker 1>is that it's another form of mind manipulation, where in

0:48:07.400 --> 0:48:10.920
<v Speaker 1>the mind of the person the target, you have created

0:48:10.960 --> 0:48:15.319
<v Speaker 1>this illusion, so there's nothing physical there. Like if if

0:48:15.320 --> 0:48:18.360
<v Speaker 1>there was someone that you had not perceived who is

0:48:18.440 --> 0:48:21.440
<v Speaker 1>also in that same environment, they would not see the illusion,

0:48:21.560 --> 0:48:25.040
<v Speaker 1>or smell or or hear the illusion. I this is

0:48:25.239 --> 0:48:27.480
<v Speaker 1>this is another thing that sounds kind of crazy, but

0:48:27.560 --> 0:48:31.160
<v Speaker 1>I think this is actually somewhat plausible. Well yeah, I mean,

0:48:31.200 --> 0:48:34.160
<v Speaker 1>if you were able to again figure out with the

0:48:34.160 --> 0:48:36.319
<v Speaker 1>help of equipment, right, if you were if you were

0:48:36.320 --> 0:48:41.239
<v Speaker 1>again able to figure out the specific uh neural um

0:48:41.239 --> 0:48:45.080
<v Speaker 1>behavior that goes on with any given sensory perception sort

0:48:45.080 --> 0:48:47.239
<v Speaker 1>of thing, and you were able to replicate it like

0:48:47.239 --> 0:48:48.719
<v Speaker 1>I mean, I mean, imagine being able to press a

0:48:48.760 --> 0:48:50.719
<v Speaker 1>button and then suddenly you smell roses even though there

0:48:50.719 --> 0:48:52.759
<v Speaker 1>are no roses there. I mean, that's something that you

0:48:52.760 --> 0:48:56.879
<v Speaker 1>can at least imagine if you were able to specifically

0:48:57.000 --> 0:49:01.440
<v Speaker 1>map and replicate a neural pathway. Uh, I mean practically,

0:49:01.480 --> 0:49:04.120
<v Speaker 1>what this would look like is if you could put

0:49:04.239 --> 0:49:07.160
<v Speaker 1>some kind of sensor on the brain, says M. Every

0:49:07.160 --> 0:49:11.200
<v Speaker 1>time this person sees somebody standing in the corner of

0:49:11.239 --> 0:49:13.719
<v Speaker 1>the room, these five thousand neurons light up or I

0:49:13.719 --> 0:49:16.319
<v Speaker 1>don't know how many, in whatever order. Yeah, and you

0:49:16.360 --> 0:49:19.960
<v Speaker 1>can pinpoint exactly what that looks like physically in the brain,

0:49:20.360 --> 0:49:23.520
<v Speaker 1>and then you can just stimulate those neurons directly to

0:49:23.560 --> 0:49:26.680
<v Speaker 1>do the same thing without them seeing anything. Would that

0:49:26.719 --> 0:49:29.400
<v Speaker 1>would it work backwards? Would they think that they had

0:49:29.440 --> 0:49:32.799
<v Speaker 1>seen a person? And I think it's highly plausible that

0:49:32.880 --> 0:49:35.640
<v Speaker 1>they would sure. I mean, and of course, all of

0:49:35.640 --> 0:49:38.200
<v Speaker 1>this that we're talking about the way that the technology

0:49:38.200 --> 0:49:41.200
<v Speaker 1>and our understanding of the brain works right now means

0:49:41.200 --> 0:49:44.600
<v Speaker 1>that you would need to have a direct brain connection,

0:49:44.719 --> 0:49:47.600
<v Speaker 1>like implants in your brain, electric stuff in there and

0:49:47.800 --> 0:49:52.040
<v Speaker 1>it's sort of a big, big, big, big strike against

0:49:52.040 --> 0:49:56.160
<v Speaker 1>the dirt clod. And let me it's not just going

0:49:56.239 --> 0:50:01.040
<v Speaker 1>to control your mind, but first alone, you too some

0:50:01.200 --> 0:50:03.719
<v Speaker 1>very invasive surgery. Well it's not just that, right, is

0:50:03.760 --> 0:50:06.120
<v Speaker 1>that there are different parts of the brain responsible for

0:50:06.239 --> 0:50:08.840
<v Speaker 1>different things. So in order for us to be able

0:50:08.880 --> 0:50:12.960
<v Speaker 1>to have a wide spectrum of UM influence, you have

0:50:13.000 --> 0:50:16.640
<v Speaker 1>to do multiple brain surgeries with multiple electrodes. One electrode

0:50:16.640 --> 0:50:18.279
<v Speaker 1>in one center of the brain is not going to

0:50:18.320 --> 0:50:21.000
<v Speaker 1>do everything. Um, you know, you might be able to

0:50:21.760 --> 0:50:24.279
<v Speaker 1>really mess up someone's ability to form short term or

0:50:24.320 --> 0:50:26.520
<v Speaker 1>long term memory, but that would be you know, that

0:50:26.560 --> 0:50:29.440
<v Speaker 1>would just be one thing you could do. Um. Yeah.

0:50:29.520 --> 0:50:33.879
<v Speaker 1>So and obviously this stuff we're talking about certainly has

0:50:33.920 --> 0:50:37.680
<v Speaker 1>ethical issues. Of course. One more thing, though, is that

0:50:37.719 --> 0:50:39.960
<v Speaker 1>if we're including Gene Gray on this, we need to

0:50:39.960 --> 0:50:43.720
<v Speaker 1>talk about telekinesis, which I think is far less plausible

0:50:43.800 --> 0:50:49.160
<v Speaker 1>than telepathy technological standpoint. I mean, you can, because of

0:50:49.200 --> 0:50:52.319
<v Speaker 1>how brain computer interfaces are so rapidly advancing, I can

0:50:52.360 --> 0:50:56.520
<v Speaker 1>see controlling other brains. But there's a direct physical pathway there,

0:50:56.840 --> 0:50:59.800
<v Speaker 1>there's electronic links. I mean, you can see the method

0:50:59.800 --> 0:51:03.520
<v Speaker 1>of action that's controlling the brain and understand it. I

0:51:03.520 --> 0:51:06.960
<v Speaker 1>don't see any method of action to you looking across

0:51:07.000 --> 0:51:09.080
<v Speaker 1>the room and making books fly up in the air.

0:51:09.840 --> 0:51:12.239
<v Speaker 1>To me, that just seems like it's not gonna happen.

0:51:12.520 --> 0:51:18.680
<v Speaker 1>We'll probably have more to say about even remotely similar

0:51:18.719 --> 0:51:22.000
<v Speaker 1>abilities when we talk about magneto in the next episode,

0:51:22.040 --> 0:51:24.839
<v Speaker 1>because then we can at least talk about magnetism. Right.

0:51:25.000 --> 0:51:28.600
<v Speaker 1>But I I suppose that if you, you know, previous

0:51:28.680 --> 0:51:30.920
<v Speaker 1>to wanting to move that book across the room, you

0:51:31.320 --> 0:51:36.279
<v Speaker 1>attached a a small drone to the book and had

0:51:36.320 --> 0:51:40.560
<v Speaker 1>a mental connection with the drone, that's certainly control it. Yeah.

0:51:40.640 --> 0:51:43.759
<v Speaker 1>If you have what I like to call an assistant,

0:51:44.680 --> 0:51:46.879
<v Speaker 1>and you tell your assistant, hey, I want that book,

0:51:46.920 --> 0:51:48.520
<v Speaker 1>and your assistant goes and picks up the book and

0:51:48.560 --> 0:51:53.640
<v Speaker 1>hands it to you, that's not telekinesis. So I just say,

0:51:53.840 --> 0:51:57.719
<v Speaker 1>just attach very thin filaments to everything you could potentially

0:51:57.800 --> 0:52:00.680
<v Speaker 1>need in your environment, have them all lay that only

0:52:00.760 --> 0:52:02.680
<v Speaker 1>you can see them, and then freak out the kids

0:52:02.680 --> 0:52:06.040
<v Speaker 1>in the neighborhood by dragging the filaments that just slowly

0:52:06.080 --> 0:52:08.239
<v Speaker 1>moves across the area. There you go. If you live

0:52:08.239 --> 0:52:10.080
<v Speaker 1>out the rest of your life in a very small

0:52:10.120 --> 0:52:13.080
<v Speaker 1>controlled area. You can have a lot of telech do

0:52:13.120 --> 0:52:16.759
<v Speaker 1>not do this with hot super coffee, but not go well,

0:52:16.800 --> 0:52:19.960
<v Speaker 1>you know, I think it's kind of funny that in

0:52:20.000 --> 0:52:21.759
<v Speaker 1>the end, I think you would have to agree with me,

0:52:21.880 --> 0:52:23.759
<v Speaker 1>or you can argue if you want. But out of

0:52:23.800 --> 0:52:26.280
<v Speaker 1>all of the original X men, I think the most

0:52:26.400 --> 0:52:30.839
<v Speaker 1>plausible is Beast. Yeah. Yeah, I think out of all

0:52:30.880 --> 0:52:33.680
<v Speaker 1>of them, that seems like the closest, the one that

0:52:33.719 --> 0:52:36.440
<v Speaker 1>we could get the closest to with real technology and

0:52:36.520 --> 0:52:42.040
<v Speaker 1>genetic He doesn't he doesn't admit any weird waves a raise,

0:52:42.600 --> 0:52:44.799
<v Speaker 1>he doesn't. You know, he doesn't have any kind of

0:52:45.480 --> 0:52:50.520
<v Speaker 1>extrasensory perception. It's really the least magical. Yeah, he's kind

0:52:50.560 --> 0:52:52.919
<v Speaker 1>of the point. He's really strong, like he was very

0:52:53.080 --> 0:52:55.920
<v Speaker 1>much supplanted by Wolverine other than the fact that he's

0:52:55.960 --> 0:52:59.520
<v Speaker 1>smart and Wolverine is kind of a lunkhead. But or

0:52:59.560 --> 0:53:04.640
<v Speaker 1>he was something. Shouldn't speak ill of the dead next

0:53:04.719 --> 0:53:08.400
<v Speaker 1>Oh no, look, you shouldn't speak ill of logan anyway.

0:53:08.680 --> 0:53:11.719
<v Speaker 1>But this is a cliffhanger for next time. A right,

0:53:11.760 --> 0:53:15.879
<v Speaker 1>fair enough, fair enough, so, uh, we thank you so

0:53:16.000 --> 0:53:18.760
<v Speaker 1>much for the suggestion. And uh and here's a little

0:53:19.120 --> 0:53:22.640
<v Speaker 1>glimpse behind the Curtain. While these two episodes may very

0:53:22.680 --> 0:53:25.120
<v Speaker 1>well air back to back, we're not recording them back

0:53:25.120 --> 0:53:26.920
<v Speaker 1>to back. So Lauren is going to have a week

0:53:27.040 --> 0:53:31.160
<v Speaker 1>to simmer about the the aspersions I have cast upon

0:53:31.280 --> 0:53:35.759
<v Speaker 1>poor weapon X, and we will have a knockdown, drag

0:53:35.800 --> 0:53:39.200
<v Speaker 1>out fight, possibly with that Amandium Claus next week about it.

0:53:39.400 --> 0:53:41.840
<v Speaker 1>But if you guys have any suggestions for future episodes,

0:53:41.880 --> 0:53:45.360
<v Speaker 1>maybe there's some other just crazy wacky topic that you

0:53:45.400 --> 0:53:49.440
<v Speaker 1>wanted us to tackle, like is X possible in the future,

0:53:49.760 --> 0:53:52.239
<v Speaker 1>If there's a question you've always wondered, send it to us.

0:53:52.560 --> 0:53:55.520
<v Speaker 1>We will take that X. We will do our research,

0:53:55.640 --> 0:53:58.520
<v Speaker 1>we will debate, we will discuss, and we will have

0:53:58.520 --> 0:54:00.640
<v Speaker 1>a grand old time and we'll cord it so you

0:54:00.680 --> 0:54:02.799
<v Speaker 1>can hear it. But in order for us to do that,

0:54:02.920 --> 0:54:05.880
<v Speaker 1>you gotta get in touch with us. So send us

0:54:05.880 --> 0:54:09.800
<v Speaker 1>an email. Our address is FW thinking at how Stuff

0:54:09.840 --> 0:54:12.960
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0:54:13.480 --> 0:54:16.360
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0:54:16.360 --> 0:54:19.360
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0:54:21.680 --> 0:54:23.680
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0:54:23.680 --> 0:54:30.759
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0:54:30.760 --> 0:54:33.760
<v Speaker 1>on this topic in the future of technology, visit forward

0:54:33.800 --> 0:54:47.280
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