1 00:00:00,840 --> 00:00:05,200 Speaker 1: Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of iHeartRadio and Grim 2 00:00:05,240 --> 00:00:11,240 Speaker 1: and Mild from Aaron Mankey listener discretion advised. One quick 3 00:00:11,280 --> 00:00:14,040 Speaker 1: note before we begin. If you want to support Noble Blood, 4 00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:17,920 Speaker 1: we are on Patreon at patreon dot com slash Noble 5 00:00:17,920 --> 00:00:21,480 Speaker 1: Blood Tales, and I upload episode scripts and some bonus 6 00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:25,760 Speaker 1: episodes where I talk about television shows involving period pieces. 7 00:00:25,800 --> 00:00:29,160 Speaker 1: I do rain on the CW which is on Netflix 8 00:00:29,240 --> 00:00:33,360 Speaker 1: and the Tutors. Sometimes. You can also get Noble Blood 9 00:00:33,440 --> 00:00:37,360 Speaker 1: merch at DFTBA dot com. All of this is in 10 00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:39,920 Speaker 1: the episode description, and you can pick up a copy 11 00:00:39,920 --> 00:00:43,000 Speaker 1: of my book Anatomy, A Love Story. But as always, 12 00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:46,080 Speaker 1: just the best possible support for the show is you listening, 13 00:00:46,120 --> 00:01:00,000 Speaker 1: So thank you so much. The morning of June twenty eighth, nine, 14 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:05,280 Speaker 1: eeteen fourteen began with golden light spilling over Sarajevo. It 15 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:08,959 Speaker 1: was a perfect day in a summer full of perfect days. 16 00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:13,559 Speaker 1: In later years, reflecting on the bloodshed that was to come, 17 00:01:14,080 --> 00:01:17,800 Speaker 1: observers would remark on how beautiful the summer had been, 18 00:01:18,360 --> 00:01:21,000 Speaker 1: the way the world had seemed to hum in harmony, 19 00:01:21,400 --> 00:01:24,959 Speaker 1: the way the sun had shone on Europe. No one 20 00:01:25,080 --> 00:01:28,520 Speaker 1: in the crowds gathered along the Appelcois, a broad street 21 00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:33,240 Speaker 1: running along the Miljack River in central Sarajevo. Knew quite 22 00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:37,560 Speaker 1: how precious this day would be, the beginnings and endings 23 00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:41,640 Speaker 1: that it would mark for both the Archduke Franz Ferdinand 24 00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:46,640 Speaker 1: and for his assassin. June twenty eighth held special significance 25 00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:50,920 Speaker 1: For Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria st and heir to 26 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:54,760 Speaker 1: the throne of Austria Hungary. It was the anniversary of 27 00:01:54,800 --> 00:01:58,200 Speaker 1: the day he had taken the oath of Renunciation, the 28 00:01:58,240 --> 00:02:02,000 Speaker 1: bitter compromise that had allowed him to marry his beloved wife, 29 00:02:02,360 --> 00:02:04,760 Speaker 1: but at the cost of renouncing the rights of his 30 00:02:04,920 --> 00:02:09,239 Speaker 1: children to inherit his titles. Fourteen years on from that day, 31 00:02:09,480 --> 00:02:12,800 Speaker 1: it was still a painful reminder of the strictures of 32 00:02:12,919 --> 00:02:18,240 Speaker 1: tradition that bound Franz Ferdinand to a dying system of governance. 33 00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:23,280 Speaker 1: For his assassin, Gavrilo princip it was Saint Vitas's Day, 34 00:02:23,600 --> 00:02:27,720 Speaker 1: a day of remembrance and resistance. On June twenty eighth, 35 00:02:27,919 --> 00:02:31,720 Speaker 1: thirteen eighty nine, the Serbs had been defeated by the 36 00:02:31,720 --> 00:02:34,960 Speaker 1: Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo, Polier, an event that 37 00:02:35,120 --> 00:02:38,760 Speaker 1: dashed their dreams of an independent Serbia and ushered in 38 00:02:38,960 --> 00:02:43,560 Speaker 1: five centuries of Ottoman rule. But Kosovopolier was also the 39 00:02:43,600 --> 00:02:47,040 Speaker 1: site of an important victory, the killing of the Ottoman 40 00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:50,960 Speaker 1: Sultan Marad the First by the Serbian knight milos Orbelik. 41 00:02:51,639 --> 00:02:55,880 Speaker 1: Five hundred years later, Serbs celebrated Obelik's feet on the 42 00:02:55,919 --> 00:03:00,000 Speaker 1: feast day of Saint Vidas, honoring the sacrifices of genera 43 00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:04,160 Speaker 1: rations of forbearers in the quest for an independent Serbia. 44 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:08,680 Speaker 1: This June twenty eighth, the two men had arrived in 45 00:03:08,720 --> 00:03:12,080 Speaker 1: the same city, each for a reason that echoed the 46 00:03:12,120 --> 00:03:15,560 Speaker 1: meaning of the day in his own mind. Franz Ferdinand 47 00:03:15,639 --> 00:03:19,880 Speaker 1: was there an official royal business, making a royal progress 48 00:03:19,960 --> 00:03:24,960 Speaker 1: through the capital of the recently annexed territory of Bosnia Herzegovina. 49 00:03:25,480 --> 00:03:28,400 Speaker 1: He hadn't wanted to make the trip, he had opposed 50 00:03:28,400 --> 00:03:33,160 Speaker 1: the annexation, but he felt duty bound to Gavrilo Prinsep, 51 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:36,920 Speaker 1: a passionate, poetry mad young student, was there in the 52 00:03:36,960 --> 00:03:40,680 Speaker 1: spirit of milash Obolik, determined to win freedom for his 53 00:03:40,800 --> 00:03:45,520 Speaker 1: people at any cost. This June twenty eighth, the forces 54 00:03:45,560 --> 00:03:50,360 Speaker 1: of monarchy and modernism, of tradition and terrorism were on 55 00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:55,280 Speaker 1: a deadly collision course. The study of history is often 56 00:03:55,360 --> 00:03:59,880 Speaker 1: a study of themes, the rise and fall of movements, ideas, 57 00:04:00,080 --> 00:04:05,040 Speaker 1: and passions. And here now the grand forces of history 58 00:04:05,080 --> 00:04:11,080 Speaker 1: were coalescing, rippling, unseen through the crowds, gathering power and 59 00:04:11,200 --> 00:04:16,200 Speaker 1: refracting through the bodies of two men, one mustachioed, middle 60 00:04:16,200 --> 00:04:21,320 Speaker 1: aged archduke and a fervent, tubercular teenager. But on that 61 00:04:21,440 --> 00:04:27,360 Speaker 1: sunny Saragevo afternoon, they were ultimately just two people, drawn 62 00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:31,760 Speaker 1: inexorably towards one another by virtue of fulfilling what they 63 00:04:31,839 --> 00:04:35,279 Speaker 1: felt to be their duties. They couldn't have known that 64 00:04:35,400 --> 00:04:38,360 Speaker 1: at the moment of their meeting, the forces that had 65 00:04:38,400 --> 00:04:42,440 Speaker 1: shaped their lives and become embodied in them would slip 66 00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:47,280 Speaker 1: their mortal forms and transcend them, eventually drawing the world 67 00:04:47,720 --> 00:04:52,720 Speaker 1: into the bloodiest conflict it had ever known. I'm Danish 68 00:04:52,720 --> 00:05:04,440 Speaker 1: schwartz and this is noble blood the Great European War. 69 00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:07,920 Speaker 1: The German Chancellor Ado von Bismarck is alleged to have 70 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:12,360 Speaker 1: said in eighteen eighty eight, will quote come out of 71 00:05:12,400 --> 00:05:16,839 Speaker 1: some damned foolish thing in the Balkans. Though the quote 72 00:05:16,880 --> 00:05:21,320 Speaker 1: is apocryphal, it does neatly capture the precariousness of the 73 00:05:21,360 --> 00:05:25,760 Speaker 1: political situation in Southeastern Europe in the late nineteenth and 74 00:05:25,960 --> 00:05:29,960 Speaker 1: early twentieth centuries. It would be nearly impossible to do 75 00:05:30,320 --> 00:05:34,040 Speaker 1: justice to the nuances and intricacies of the political evolution 76 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:37,440 Speaker 1: of the Balkans in an entire season of a podcast, 77 00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:41,520 Speaker 1: let alone one episode. But to understand why Gavrilla princip 78 00:05:41,560 --> 00:05:45,400 Speaker 1: went to Sarajevo in June nineteen fourteen to kill Archduke 79 00:05:45,440 --> 00:05:49,440 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand, here's what you need to know. The Balkans 80 00:05:49,680 --> 00:05:52,719 Speaker 1: is the name given to the mountainous swath of land 81 00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:56,440 Speaker 1: that stretches north from present day Greece up until it 82 00:05:56,480 --> 00:06:00,520 Speaker 1: butts into the southern borders of present day Austria, Hungary, 83 00:06:00,600 --> 00:06:05,520 Speaker 1: and Ukraine. First formally incorporated as Roman provinces in the 84 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:10,280 Speaker 1: first century BC, the region was eventually controlled by Slavic 85 00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:13,320 Speaker 1: invaders from the north, who organized the land into a 86 00:06:13,360 --> 00:06:19,880 Speaker 1: series of kingdoms whose names still remain Bosnia, Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, 87 00:06:19,920 --> 00:06:23,680 Speaker 1: and so on. A quick note here, Over time, the 88 00:06:23,760 --> 00:06:28,640 Speaker 1: Slavic people inhabiting the Balkans became known as Southern Slavs, 89 00:06:28,720 --> 00:06:33,640 Speaker 1: and further ethnic subgrouping developed, with these ethnic subgroups sharing 90 00:06:33,680 --> 00:06:37,200 Speaker 1: the names of the kingdoms they occupied, with Bosniaks in 91 00:06:37,279 --> 00:06:41,640 Speaker 1: Bosnia and Croats in Croatia, for example. In the Modern Age, 92 00:06:41,760 --> 00:06:46,200 Speaker 1: as new land borders were established, these groups mingled, becoming 93 00:06:46,279 --> 00:06:49,400 Speaker 1: citizens of countries that might not share the same name 94 00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:53,599 Speaker 1: as their ethnic subgroups. For example, Gavrilo Prinsip was a 95 00:06:53,680 --> 00:06:56,960 Speaker 1: Bosnian Serb, which meant that he was an ethnic Serb 96 00:06:57,080 --> 00:07:01,200 Speaker 1: but living in the country of Bosnia. Back to the 97 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:05,839 Speaker 1: Middle Ages, over the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Balkan 98 00:07:05,920 --> 00:07:08,960 Speaker 1: kingdoms were conquered by the Ottoman Empire in a series 99 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:12,200 Speaker 1: of battles, including the defeat of the Serbs at the 100 00:07:12,200 --> 00:07:16,360 Speaker 1: Battle of Kosovopolier in thirteen eighty nine, a defeat but 101 00:07:16,640 --> 00:07:20,360 Speaker 1: with one victory, the slaying of the Ottoman Sultan Marad, 102 00:07:20,440 --> 00:07:24,480 Speaker 1: the first by the Serb milesh Obilik, events commemorated on 103 00:07:24,640 --> 00:07:30,400 Speaker 1: Saint Vitus's Day. For the next five centuries, various resistance 104 00:07:30,440 --> 00:07:34,560 Speaker 1: groups would revolt against the Ottomans, mainly along ethnic or 105 00:07:34,600 --> 00:07:39,280 Speaker 1: religious lines. By the nineteenth century, the most powerful social 106 00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:43,000 Speaker 1: movement was a pan Slavic one which aimed to win 107 00:07:43,080 --> 00:07:47,560 Speaker 1: the right to self determination for Southern Slavs. In eighteen 108 00:07:47,680 --> 00:07:51,240 Speaker 1: seventy eight, it looked like they might finally have a chance. 109 00:07:51,960 --> 00:07:54,760 Speaker 1: The year before, the Russian Empire had come to the 110 00:07:54,800 --> 00:07:58,680 Speaker 1: aid of Orthodox rebels in the region, creating a powerful 111 00:07:58,760 --> 00:08:03,160 Speaker 1: coalition that was but eventually after a bloody conflict defeat 112 00:08:03,200 --> 00:08:07,120 Speaker 1: the Ottomans. The Treaty of San Stefano, signed by the 113 00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:10,960 Speaker 1: Russians and the Ottomans in the spring of eighteen seventy eight, 114 00:08:11,320 --> 00:08:15,880 Speaker 1: granted increased independence or autonomy to a number of new 115 00:08:15,960 --> 00:08:22,480 Speaker 1: nation states, But the other imperial powers Great Britain, France, Austria, Hungary, Italy, 116 00:08:22,600 --> 00:08:28,440 Speaker 1: and Germany had different ideas. Worried that the newly unoccupied 117 00:08:28,480 --> 00:08:31,600 Speaker 1: region would lead to an imbalance in the power structure 118 00:08:31,640 --> 00:08:35,079 Speaker 1: that they had so carefully curated in their favor, those 119 00:08:35,080 --> 00:08:38,600 Speaker 1: great powers met with Russia in July eighteen seventy eight 120 00:08:38,960 --> 00:08:41,800 Speaker 1: to determine a future for those who had just fought 121 00:08:41,800 --> 00:08:45,640 Speaker 1: for the right to determine the future for themselves. The 122 00:08:45,720 --> 00:08:51,080 Speaker 1: resulting Treaty of Berlin granted Austria Hungary protectorate powers over 123 00:08:51,120 --> 00:08:56,160 Speaker 1: the territory of Bosnia Herzegovina, neighboring Serbia, which had gained 124 00:08:56,280 --> 00:08:59,800 Speaker 1: nearly full autonomy from the Ottomans earlier in the century, 125 00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:03,880 Speaker 1: struggled internally over whether to ally with the Russians or 126 00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:09,120 Speaker 1: with Austria Hungary. Meanwhile, some ethnic Serbs in Bosnia Herzegovina 127 00:09:09,360 --> 00:09:13,400 Speaker 1: dreamed of uniting with Serbia to create a Slavic nation. 128 00:09:14,320 --> 00:09:19,240 Speaker 1: Tensions only rose when Austria Hungary formally annexed Bosnia in 129 00:09:19,360 --> 00:09:23,080 Speaker 1: nineteen oh eight, ostensibly to prevent the Ottomans from trying 130 00:09:23,080 --> 00:09:27,040 Speaker 1: to reclaim it, but really to curb the expansion of Serbia. 131 00:09:27,720 --> 00:09:32,199 Speaker 1: Nearly everyone was frustrated by the situation, with the Slavs 132 00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:35,679 Speaker 1: feeling that they had driven out the Ottoman occupiers only 133 00:09:35,720 --> 00:09:40,720 Speaker 1: to find themselves subjugated to a new order. It was 134 00:09:40,880 --> 00:09:44,680 Speaker 1: into this fraut situation that Maria and Peter Princip welcomed 135 00:09:44,679 --> 00:09:50,000 Speaker 1: a son, Gavrilo, on July thirteenth, eighteen ninety four. The 136 00:09:50,040 --> 00:09:55,280 Speaker 1: Princips lived in Oblage, a small village in northern Bosnia. Peter, 137 00:09:55,520 --> 00:09:58,760 Speaker 1: a farmer who had served as the village postman, had 138 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:02,040 Speaker 1: fought in the Bosnian War for independence, and was known 139 00:10:02,120 --> 00:10:06,200 Speaker 1: for his religious piety. Maria, known as Nana, had a 140 00:10:06,240 --> 00:10:09,400 Speaker 1: beautiful singing voice and bright blue eyes, and she would 141 00:10:09,440 --> 00:10:11,960 Speaker 1: carry a small bag of sugar at her waist to 142 00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:15,840 Speaker 1: give to village children. Their life was a difficult one, 143 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:20,120 Speaker 1: racked by poverty and illness. Of the nine children Nana 144 00:10:20,240 --> 00:10:25,560 Speaker 1: gave birth to, only three would survive childhood. Gavrillo grew 145 00:10:25,640 --> 00:10:29,559 Speaker 1: up to be a slight but scrappy child. A surviving 146 00:10:29,640 --> 00:10:32,880 Speaker 1: relative would later tell the story of a young Gavrillo 147 00:10:32,920 --> 00:10:35,240 Speaker 1: throwing his pencil case at the head of a teacher 148 00:10:35,240 --> 00:10:38,680 Speaker 1: who was caning another student. He might have been small, 149 00:10:38,880 --> 00:10:41,960 Speaker 1: said the relative, but the village boys all knew he 150 00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:45,480 Speaker 1: was ferocious if you tried to wrestle him. Gavrillo had 151 00:10:45,480 --> 00:10:49,200 Speaker 1: a reputation for taking on bullies, and also for bookishness. 152 00:10:49,720 --> 00:10:52,920 Speaker 1: When he wasn't caring for his family's chickens or working 153 00:10:52,960 --> 00:10:55,960 Speaker 1: in the fields with his father, Gavrillo could be found 154 00:10:55,960 --> 00:10:58,760 Speaker 1: with his nose in a book, a precious resource in 155 00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:03,520 Speaker 1: his remote village. He particularly loved the myths of patriotic 156 00:11:03,640 --> 00:11:08,040 Speaker 1: serbs passed whose legends, including that of the Sultan's layer 157 00:11:08,080 --> 00:11:12,760 Speaker 1: milash Obilik, were passed on through the generations via epic poetry. 158 00:11:13,960 --> 00:11:17,400 Speaker 1: In nineteen o seven, Gavrillo left his tiny village of 159 00:11:17,440 --> 00:11:22,360 Speaker 1: Oblage to continue his education in Sarajevo. Unable to afford 160 00:11:22,400 --> 00:11:25,880 Speaker 1: the train ticket, he traveled the one hundred and forty 161 00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:29,360 Speaker 1: seven miles to the city on foot alongside his father. 162 00:11:30,200 --> 00:11:32,760 Speaker 1: It was on this journey that the young Gavrillo began 163 00:11:32,800 --> 00:11:36,680 Speaker 1: to fully realize the deprivations his people were suffering under 164 00:11:36,720 --> 00:11:41,000 Speaker 1: the Habsburg's rule. At his trial seven years later, he 165 00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:45,520 Speaker 1: would recount his impressions of the villagers he saw. They 166 00:11:45,559 --> 00:11:51,520 Speaker 1: are completely impoverished. They are treated like cattle. Once in Sarajevo, 167 00:11:51,679 --> 00:11:55,040 Speaker 1: Gavrilla was met by his older brother, Yovan, who planned 168 00:11:55,080 --> 00:11:58,840 Speaker 1: to send him to an Austro Hungarian military school. However, 169 00:11:58,960 --> 00:12:01,760 Speaker 1: Yovan was dissuaye from this course of action by a 170 00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:05,400 Speaker 1: friend who begged him not to make young Gavrillo into 171 00:12:05,840 --> 00:12:09,880 Speaker 1: an executioner of his own people, or so the story goes. 172 00:12:10,600 --> 00:12:14,720 Speaker 1: Whatever the cause, Yovan ultimately sent Gavrillau to Merchant School, 173 00:12:14,880 --> 00:12:17,760 Speaker 1: where he studied for three years. It was at this 174 00:12:17,880 --> 00:12:21,600 Speaker 1: school that Gavrilla was first exposed to the political movement 175 00:12:21,679 --> 00:12:25,440 Speaker 1: for Slavic Unification, a movement whose aim was to see 176 00:12:25,480 --> 00:12:29,680 Speaker 1: the Slavic people, particularly the Serbs, a Slavic subgroup who 177 00:12:29,720 --> 00:12:33,800 Speaker 1: mainly lived in Serbia and Bosnia, rule their own nation. 178 00:12:34,640 --> 00:12:39,200 Speaker 1: Over time, as Gavrilla discussed politics with classmates, read theory, 179 00:12:39,360 --> 00:12:43,280 Speaker 1: and traveled the country witnessing oppression his people faced, he 180 00:12:43,360 --> 00:12:47,200 Speaker 1: became more and more convinced that the Austro Hungarian Empire 181 00:12:47,720 --> 00:12:50,960 Speaker 1: was just another bully, the kind he had long felt 182 00:12:50,960 --> 00:12:55,800 Speaker 1: compelled to fight. By nineteen twelve, teenaged Gavrillo had been 183 00:12:55,920 --> 00:13:00,960 Speaker 1: expelled from school for participating in student protests against Austro 184 00:13:01,080 --> 00:13:05,880 Speaker 1: Hungarian rule. Determined to aid the Slavic movement, Gavrillo traveled 185 00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:09,880 Speaker 1: to the Serbian capital of Belgrid. It was an opportune 186 00:13:09,960 --> 00:13:13,520 Speaker 1: time for Gavrillo to commit himself to the revolutionary cause. 187 00:13:13,840 --> 00:13:19,000 Speaker 1: In October nineteen twelve, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia had 188 00:13:19,040 --> 00:13:22,840 Speaker 1: declared war against the Ottoman Empire, which had maintained a 189 00:13:22,880 --> 00:13:27,000 Speaker 1: minor foothold in the region. Only eight months later, the 190 00:13:27,040 --> 00:13:30,760 Speaker 1: group known as the Balkan League had defeated the Ottomans, 191 00:13:30,880 --> 00:13:34,439 Speaker 1: who ultimately seated all of their lands West of Istanbul. 192 00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:38,440 Speaker 1: It was a striking show of strength by the Balkan League, 193 00:13:38,640 --> 00:13:42,800 Speaker 1: and it was especially galvanizing for nationalist Serbs, who were 194 00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:46,600 Speaker 1: further empowered by the Second Balkan War of nineteen thirteen, 195 00:13:46,920 --> 00:13:51,120 Speaker 1: in which Serbia gained more territory. Gavrillo had tried to 196 00:13:51,200 --> 00:13:55,080 Speaker 1: enlist in the Serbian army for both conflicts, but suffering 197 00:13:55,080 --> 00:13:59,480 Speaker 1: from tuberculosis, he was deemed too weak. Not dissuaded, he 198 00:13:59,559 --> 00:14:04,520 Speaker 1: turned his attention to more unofficial channels and underwent military 199 00:14:04,559 --> 00:14:09,559 Speaker 1: training conducted by one anti Austrian organization and then by 200 00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:13,480 Speaker 1: its more radical spin off, commonly known as the Black Hand. 201 00:14:14,720 --> 00:14:18,920 Speaker 1: In the spring of nineteen fourteen, Princip decided to take 202 00:14:18,960 --> 00:14:24,360 Speaker 1: his radicalism one step further. After reading about Franz Ferdinand's 203 00:14:24,440 --> 00:14:28,520 Speaker 1: upcoming visit in a paper, Princip approached two young men, 204 00:14:28,840 --> 00:14:33,920 Speaker 1: Trifko Grabez and Nidelko Kabrinovic, with an idea. Like Princip, 205 00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:37,600 Speaker 1: Grabez and Kabrinovic were in their teens and they were 206 00:14:37,680 --> 00:14:42,400 Speaker 1: faithful members of Young Bosnia, the Pan Slavist radical group. 207 00:14:42,640 --> 00:14:46,040 Speaker 1: All three had been born in Bosnia to Serb families, 208 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:49,840 Speaker 1: and all were deeply committed to the anti Austrian cause. 209 00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:53,560 Speaker 1: It did not take much for princip to sell Grabez 210 00:14:53,640 --> 00:14:58,760 Speaker 1: and Kabrinovic on his plan, a plan to assassinate the Archduke. 211 00:14:59,440 --> 00:15:03,000 Speaker 1: It was they thought their chance to make a difference, 212 00:15:03,400 --> 00:15:09,360 Speaker 1: to strike back on behalf of their people. Why target 213 00:15:09,400 --> 00:15:13,440 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand. We focused last episode on the softer side 214 00:15:13,440 --> 00:15:17,720 Speaker 1: of Franz Ferdinand, his shyness, his devotion to Sophie. But 215 00:15:17,880 --> 00:15:20,920 Speaker 1: as is so often the case with royalty, who they 216 00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:24,440 Speaker 1: are is less important to the story than what they represent, 217 00:15:24,920 --> 00:15:30,040 Speaker 1: and Franz Ferdinand represented the Habsburgs, a conservative, often oppressive, 218 00:15:30,440 --> 00:15:35,320 Speaker 1: enormously powerful imperial dynasty. In some ways, the public characterization 219 00:15:35,560 --> 00:15:39,560 Speaker 1: was fair. As the historian Vladimir de Dejier writes, Franz 220 00:15:39,640 --> 00:15:44,120 Speaker 1: Ferdinand was quote above all a true Habsburg, brought up 221 00:15:44,200 --> 00:15:47,840 Speaker 1: strictly in the spirit of some of their most renowned representatives. 222 00:15:48,080 --> 00:15:52,640 Speaker 1: His energies were directed primarily to restoring the Earth's house 223 00:15:52,840 --> 00:15:56,080 Speaker 1: the prestige and dignity it had enjoyed over the past 224 00:15:56,200 --> 00:16:01,240 Speaker 1: centuries end quote. Franz Ferdinand's role was a political one, 225 00:16:01,280 --> 00:16:04,000 Speaker 1: and it required him to take stances that were not 226 00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:08,000 Speaker 1: always popular. He was a deeply religious Catholic too, which 227 00:16:08,040 --> 00:16:10,680 Speaker 1: many in the Balkans saw as a threat to the 228 00:16:10,720 --> 00:16:17,000 Speaker 1: Eastern Orthodox Church. This fear, it seems, was overstated. Though pious, 229 00:16:17,040 --> 00:16:20,960 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand supported the right of all to practice their religion, 230 00:16:21,400 --> 00:16:25,400 Speaker 1: although I will note here, like many Europeans at the time, 231 00:16:25,560 --> 00:16:30,240 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand did believe in some incredibly harmful, very anti 232 00:16:30,240 --> 00:16:34,480 Speaker 1: Semitic myths. Still, the Archduke may have been more open 233 00:16:34,520 --> 00:16:38,080 Speaker 1: minded and forward facing than his uncle the Emperor, given 234 00:16:38,120 --> 00:16:41,520 Speaker 1: his belief in greater autonomy for many of the Empire's 235 00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:45,880 Speaker 1: diverse ethnic and religious groups. But he was still ultimately 236 00:16:45,920 --> 00:16:49,360 Speaker 1: a believer in the supremacy of the Austrian Empire, and 237 00:16:49,440 --> 00:16:52,840 Speaker 1: he wished to see it thrive. For those reasons and 238 00:16:52,920 --> 00:16:56,800 Speaker 1: for what Franz Ferdinand represented, the young men thought he 239 00:16:56,960 --> 00:17:01,760 Speaker 1: had to die in order to get the weapons they 240 00:17:01,800 --> 00:17:05,040 Speaker 1: would use. Princeip reached out to the Black Hand network, 241 00:17:05,280 --> 00:17:09,560 Speaker 1: who agreed to help facilitate the assassination. Whether or not 242 00:17:09,640 --> 00:17:13,080 Speaker 1: the three students formerly became members of the Black Hand 243 00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:16,600 Speaker 1: is still debated, but historians do agree that the Black 244 00:17:16,640 --> 00:17:21,200 Speaker 1: Hand facilitated their work, providing them with weapons and transport, 245 00:17:21,440 --> 00:17:24,680 Speaker 1: and connecting them with another group of would be assassins 246 00:17:24,720 --> 00:17:29,719 Speaker 1: who joined their band Mohammed Mehmed bask Danilo ilivec Vaso 247 00:17:29,840 --> 00:17:35,000 Speaker 1: Kuberlovic and Svetko Popovic. The last two were high school students. 248 00:17:35,800 --> 00:17:40,360 Speaker 1: After a complicated series of train and boat trips punctuated 249 00:17:40,400 --> 00:17:44,240 Speaker 1: by border crossings, all seven men made it to Sarajevo, 250 00:17:44,720 --> 00:17:48,600 Speaker 1: and by the morning of June twenty eighth had received 251 00:17:48,760 --> 00:17:53,040 Speaker 1: their weapons. They were all prepared to kill or be 252 00:17:53,200 --> 00:17:58,639 Speaker 1: killed while the men who were planning on killing them assembled. 253 00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:02,639 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand and Sophie, his wife, were praying in the 254 00:18:02,640 --> 00:18:06,960 Speaker 1: makeshift chapel at the Hotel Bosna. It was the fourteenth 255 00:18:06,960 --> 00:18:10,600 Speaker 1: anniversary of the day Franz Ferdinand had sworn his oath 256 00:18:10,640 --> 00:18:14,800 Speaker 1: of renunciation, which allowed him to marry Sophie. The couple 257 00:18:14,840 --> 00:18:18,159 Speaker 1: had written a telegram to their children that morning saying 258 00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:22,680 Speaker 1: that Papa and Mamma looked forward to seeing them soon. 259 00:18:23,880 --> 00:18:27,560 Speaker 1: The couple were both dressed for a public appearance. Sophie 260 00:18:27,600 --> 00:18:30,840 Speaker 1: wore a white silk summer dress and a matching white 261 00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:36,040 Speaker 1: hat resplendent with ostrich feathers and an ermine stole. Franz 262 00:18:36,119 --> 00:18:40,080 Speaker 1: Ferdinand was dressed in the uniform of an Austrian cavalry general, 263 00:18:40,480 --> 00:18:43,639 Speaker 1: his black pants tucked into black leather boots and his 264 00:18:43,720 --> 00:18:47,879 Speaker 1: blue tunic ornamented by gold epaulets. His hat, in the 265 00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:51,600 Speaker 1: style of the day, was draped in peacock feathers. The 266 00:18:51,640 --> 00:18:54,160 Speaker 1: white lace parasol that he held at his side might 267 00:18:54,200 --> 00:18:57,399 Speaker 1: have looked incongruous with his military outfit, but he was 268 00:18:57,440 --> 00:19:00,600 Speaker 1: holding it for his wife. A train took them from 269 00:19:00,680 --> 00:19:04,239 Speaker 1: their hotel outside of the city into Sarajevo, where they 270 00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:07,760 Speaker 1: were met by Governor General Poteuric and the Sarajevo Mayor. 271 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:11,880 Speaker 1: The entourage continued on to the Philipovic Barracks, and then 272 00:19:11,920 --> 00:19:15,240 Speaker 1: they all proceeded to the motorcade waiting for them. It 273 00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:18,600 Speaker 1: was then that an error occurred, the first in a 274 00:19:18,680 --> 00:19:22,800 Speaker 1: fatal series of errors that would define the day. The 275 00:19:22,920 --> 00:19:26,199 Speaker 1: Archduke and Archduchess had traveled to the city with a 276 00:19:26,240 --> 00:19:29,439 Speaker 1: small group of special security officers who were meant to 277 00:19:29,560 --> 00:19:32,240 Speaker 1: ride in the first car of the motorcade, But when 278 00:19:32,240 --> 00:19:35,320 Speaker 1: they tried to enter the car outside the barracks, four 279 00:19:35,480 --> 00:19:38,920 Speaker 1: local police officers insisted that the car had been reserved 280 00:19:39,080 --> 00:19:42,719 Speaker 1: for local use only, and they filled the car The 281 00:19:42,760 --> 00:19:46,600 Speaker 1: elite team of guards brought to Sarajevo specifically to protect 282 00:19:46,640 --> 00:19:51,240 Speaker 1: the couple, were left behind at the barracks. The motorcade 283 00:19:51,240 --> 00:19:54,879 Speaker 1: progressed along the Appel Quay. The sun beat down on 284 00:19:54,960 --> 00:19:58,159 Speaker 1: the heads of Franz, Fernand and Sophie, who sat in 285 00:19:58,240 --> 00:20:02,240 Speaker 1: an open topped convertible from a fortress above the city. 286 00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:06,760 Speaker 1: A twenty four cannon salute sounded, the booms echoing across 287 00:20:06,800 --> 00:20:09,439 Speaker 1: the hills and mixing with the noise of the crowd, 288 00:20:09,640 --> 00:20:12,639 Speaker 1: who called out Zivio, long may he live as the 289 00:20:12,760 --> 00:20:17,120 Speaker 1: Archduke came into view. Unbeknownst to those in the motorcade, 290 00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:21,600 Speaker 1: they had already escaped to would be assassins Vaso Kuberlovic 291 00:20:21,640 --> 00:20:24,600 Speaker 1: and Mohammed Mehment Bask, both of whom had lost their 292 00:20:24,680 --> 00:20:28,320 Speaker 1: nerve and failed to shoot when the motorcade passed. They 293 00:20:28,359 --> 00:20:31,520 Speaker 1: would not get so lucky a third time. As the 294 00:20:31,600 --> 00:20:36,200 Speaker 1: cars drew near the Kumerzah Bridge, netdil Ko Kabrinovik drew 295 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:39,840 Speaker 1: a grenade from his pocket, banged it sharply against the 296 00:20:39,920 --> 00:20:42,879 Speaker 1: lamp post to dislodge the cap, and hurled it at 297 00:20:42,920 --> 00:20:47,040 Speaker 1: the Archduke Leopold Lutchka, the driver of the Archduke's car, 298 00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:50,120 Speaker 1: was the first to spot the black shape flying through 299 00:20:50,119 --> 00:20:54,639 Speaker 1: the air, and he acted on reflex, accelerating sharply. Franz 300 00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:58,280 Speaker 1: Ferdinand threw up his arms to shield Sofi. The bomb 301 00:20:58,480 --> 00:21:03,000 Speaker 1: arked closer, but led because reaction proved crucial. The bomb 302 00:21:03,119 --> 00:21:06,119 Speaker 1: missed most of the car, hitting the lower top of 303 00:21:06,160 --> 00:21:10,399 Speaker 1: the convertible and rolling to the ground, detonating beneath the 304 00:21:10,440 --> 00:21:13,800 Speaker 1: next car, sending shrapnel flying and leaving a hole in 305 00:21:13,840 --> 00:21:18,080 Speaker 1: the road half a foot deep. Miraculously, no one died. 306 00:21:18,520 --> 00:21:22,760 Speaker 1: Two officers suffered superficial wounds, as had one of Sophie's 307 00:21:22,800 --> 00:21:26,080 Speaker 1: ladies in waiting. Sophie had been grazed on the shoulder 308 00:21:26,119 --> 00:21:29,040 Speaker 1: blade by a piece of shrapnel. Twenty or so members 309 00:21:29,080 --> 00:21:33,400 Speaker 1: of the crowd had also been injured. Determined to martyr himself, 310 00:21:33,680 --> 00:21:37,440 Speaker 1: Kabernovic ran towards the river and leapt off the twenty 311 00:21:37,520 --> 00:21:40,800 Speaker 1: six foot high bank. All this got him, though, was 312 00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:45,480 Speaker 1: a painful landing in the nearly dry river bed. On 313 00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:48,919 Speaker 1: his way down, he had swallowed a cyanide pill, but 314 00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:52,879 Speaker 1: the poison seemed to have lost its potency, and Kabernovic 315 00:21:53,160 --> 00:21:58,359 Speaker 1: still alive was quickly seized by the crowd. Maintaining his composure, 316 00:21:58,640 --> 00:22:02,720 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand, after being assured that no one was critically injured, 317 00:22:03,119 --> 00:22:07,000 Speaker 1: ordered that the motorcade proceed onto the town hall. Come on, 318 00:22:07,359 --> 00:22:11,359 Speaker 1: he calmly said to his entourage, the fellow is insane, 319 00:22:11,480 --> 00:22:14,280 Speaker 1: but by the time they reached the town hall, his 320 00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:17,919 Speaker 1: fear and anger had grown. As the mayor began his 321 00:22:18,080 --> 00:22:22,879 Speaker 1: prepared welcome remarks, the Archduke loudly interrupted him, saying, I 322 00:22:22,960 --> 00:22:26,600 Speaker 1: come to Sarajevo and am greeted with bombs. It is outrageous. 323 00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:31,119 Speaker 1: Sophie took his arm and whispered in his ear, calming him. 324 00:22:31,359 --> 00:22:34,920 Speaker 1: After an awkward moment, Franz Ferdinand gestured for the mayor 325 00:22:35,000 --> 00:22:39,160 Speaker 1: to continue, saying, now you may speak. When the mayor, 326 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:44,200 Speaker 1: thrown off stride, finally completed his faltering speech, Franz Ferdinand 327 00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:47,119 Speaker 1: turned to reply, only to find that the draft of 328 00:22:47,119 --> 00:22:50,080 Speaker 1: his own speech had been soaked by the blood of 329 00:22:50,119 --> 00:22:54,320 Speaker 1: one of his injured men. Undaunted, he spoke a few lines, 330 00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:57,800 Speaker 1: even add living a reference to recent events, thanking the 331 00:22:57,880 --> 00:23:01,920 Speaker 1: mayor for the quote expressions of pleasure made by the Sarajevans. 332 00:23:02,080 --> 00:23:06,399 Speaker 1: Quote over the failure of the assassination attempts, concluding with 333 00:23:06,440 --> 00:23:09,800 Speaker 1: a passage in Serbo Croatian an impressive feet for the 334 00:23:09,920 --> 00:23:15,040 Speaker 1: Archduke was almost comically bad at languages. Franz Ferdinand said, quote, 335 00:23:15,359 --> 00:23:17,959 Speaker 1: I ask you to give my heartiest greetings to the 336 00:23:17,960 --> 00:23:21,600 Speaker 1: population of this beautiful capital city, and I assure you 337 00:23:21,680 --> 00:23:26,720 Speaker 1: of my unchangeable grace and kindness the second he was 338 00:23:26,760 --> 00:23:30,440 Speaker 1: out of the public eye, though all traces of grace evaporated. 339 00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:36,280 Speaker 1: After learning of Kabernovitch's capture, Franz Ferdinand spat, just watch 340 00:23:36,600 --> 00:23:39,240 Speaker 1: instead of rendering the fellow harmless, they will be truly 341 00:23:39,280 --> 00:23:42,480 Speaker 1: Austrian about it all and give him a medal. Pulling 342 00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:46,600 Speaker 1: Potioric aside, he angrily inquired, do you think any more 343 00:23:46,640 --> 00:23:49,600 Speaker 1: attempts are going to be made against me today? Go 344 00:23:49,760 --> 00:23:54,960 Speaker 1: at ease? Potioric said, I accept all responsibility, but of 345 00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:59,400 Speaker 1: course things were not that simple. Debate broke out over 346 00:23:59,440 --> 00:24:02,960 Speaker 1: how best to proceed. Franz Ferdinand wished to visit those 347 00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:05,600 Speaker 1: injured in the bombing at the local hospital, and it 348 00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:08,800 Speaker 1: was decided that the motorcade would return to the Appel Quay, 349 00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:11,639 Speaker 1: which would allow them to travel at high speeds on 350 00:24:11,720 --> 00:24:16,000 Speaker 1: a straight path to the hospital. Sophie was not scheduled 351 00:24:16,040 --> 00:24:19,439 Speaker 1: for any further official business, and various members of the 352 00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:23,439 Speaker 1: party discouraged her from continuing on. As long as the 353 00:24:23,560 --> 00:24:26,640 Speaker 1: Archduke shows himself in public today, she said to an aid, 354 00:24:27,119 --> 00:24:30,080 Speaker 1: I will not leave him. Even Franz Ferdinand could not 355 00:24:30,160 --> 00:24:33,480 Speaker 1: persuade her. No, Phrensie, she said to have told him, 356 00:24:33,760 --> 00:24:37,560 Speaker 1: I am going with you. The original itinerary for the 357 00:24:37,640 --> 00:24:40,640 Speaker 1: visit had had Franz Ferdinand going from the town hall 358 00:24:40,760 --> 00:24:44,359 Speaker 1: to the museum, traveling down the Appelquay before taking a 359 00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:48,679 Speaker 1: right onto Franz Joseph Strass. Under the new plan, the 360 00:24:48,680 --> 00:24:52,400 Speaker 1: motorcade would pass Franz Joseph Strass and speed further along 361 00:24:52,440 --> 00:24:55,600 Speaker 1: the quay before turning onto a Leader Street, which would 362 00:24:55,680 --> 00:24:59,439 Speaker 1: lead directly to the hospital. The remaining assassins knew that 363 00:24:59,480 --> 00:25:03,040 Speaker 1: the arch due itinerary was likely to change following the 364 00:25:03,080 --> 00:25:05,800 Speaker 1: failed attempt earlier in the day, but they could only 365 00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:08,760 Speaker 1: guess at how, and so they took up a variety 366 00:25:08,840 --> 00:25:11,840 Speaker 1: of positions along the quay and its side streets, ready 367 00:25:11,880 --> 00:25:16,040 Speaker 1: to strike if the now very unlikely chance presented itself. 368 00:25:17,280 --> 00:25:20,480 Speaker 1: At ten forty five a m The royal party returned 369 00:25:20,520 --> 00:25:24,080 Speaker 1: to their cars. After helping Franz Ferdinand and Sophie into 370 00:25:24,080 --> 00:25:27,199 Speaker 1: their car, Count Franz van Harrick, a close friend and 371 00:25:27,359 --> 00:25:30,840 Speaker 1: military adjunct of the Archdukes, took up a position on 372 00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:33,720 Speaker 1: the running board. If anyone was going to make another 373 00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:37,280 Speaker 1: attempt from the quay, Herrick recounted, thinking I can shield 374 00:25:37,359 --> 00:25:41,119 Speaker 1: him with my body. The motorcade roared off at high speed, 375 00:25:41,359 --> 00:25:44,920 Speaker 1: passing one assassin Trifco Grabez before he even had time 376 00:25:44,960 --> 00:25:48,480 Speaker 1: to react. In the first car was the Chief Detective, 377 00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:51,919 Speaker 1: in the second the Chief of Police and Mayor. In 378 00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:56,520 Speaker 1: the third Franz Ferdinand, Sophie and Potioraic with Harek on 379 00:25:56,560 --> 00:25:59,760 Speaker 1: the running board. It was at the corner of Franz 380 00:25:59,800 --> 00:26:03,680 Speaker 1: sh Joseph Strass that the second error was made. It's 381 00:26:03,800 --> 00:26:06,719 Speaker 1: unclear whether the driver of the first car had not 382 00:26:06,800 --> 00:26:10,000 Speaker 1: been informed of the change in plans or had forgotten 383 00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:13,520 Speaker 1: about them. Either way, instead of continuing straight down the 384 00:26:13,520 --> 00:26:17,920 Speaker 1: Apple Quoi, the first car turned right. The second car followed, 385 00:26:18,080 --> 00:26:20,959 Speaker 1: passing under a twelve foot sign shaped like a bottle 386 00:26:20,960 --> 00:26:25,080 Speaker 1: of wine marking mort Schiller's delicatessen, and though no one 387 00:26:25,119 --> 00:26:28,520 Speaker 1: knew it yet, coming within feet of a young man 388 00:26:28,640 --> 00:26:31,439 Speaker 1: who had nearly given up on his plans for terror. 389 00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:36,360 Speaker 1: Gavrillo Princip, the driver of the second car, had instinctively 390 00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:40,760 Speaker 1: followed the first, heading down Franz Joseph Strass. The cars 391 00:26:40,760 --> 00:26:43,480 Speaker 1: were moving at such a high speed that it's unlikely 392 00:26:43,520 --> 00:26:46,480 Speaker 1: that Princip or any other would be assassin could have 393 00:26:46,560 --> 00:26:50,679 Speaker 1: successfully aimed a gun or a bomb, But that didn't matter, 394 00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:55,879 Speaker 1: because it was then that the third error occurred. Seeing 395 00:26:55,920 --> 00:27:00,000 Speaker 1: the first two cars erroneously turn, Poteoric in the third 396 00:27:00,119 --> 00:27:03,760 Speaker 1: car loudly shouted, what is this. Stop, You're going the 397 00:27:03,760 --> 00:27:07,520 Speaker 1: wrong way. We ought to go via pel Quai, instead 398 00:27:07,560 --> 00:27:11,360 Speaker 1: of joining his companions and speeding down Franz Joseph Strauss. 399 00:27:11,760 --> 00:27:15,320 Speaker 1: The driver of the third car, Leopold Lotchka, whose quick 400 00:27:15,359 --> 00:27:18,200 Speaker 1: thinking earlier in the morning had saved his passengers from 401 00:27:18,240 --> 00:27:22,000 Speaker 1: the bomb, breaked hard in front of the delicatessen. It 402 00:27:22,040 --> 00:27:25,360 Speaker 1: took several seconds for him to shift the car into reverse, 403 00:27:25,760 --> 00:27:30,000 Speaker 1: and in those few seconds, Gavrilo Princip looked up and saw, 404 00:27:30,440 --> 00:27:33,160 Speaker 1: as if in a vision, the man he had come 405 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:37,480 Speaker 1: to kill, sitting only a few feet from him. The 406 00:27:37,560 --> 00:27:40,600 Speaker 1: night before, Princip had laid flowers on the grave of 407 00:27:40,640 --> 00:27:44,600 Speaker 1: a man named Bogdan Zerazik, a Serb who, in nineteen 408 00:27:44,680 --> 00:27:48,640 Speaker 1: ten had attempted to kill the current Governor General's predecessor. 409 00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:54,000 Speaker 1: His attempt having failed, Zerzak committed suicide, becoming a martyr 410 00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:57,960 Speaker 1: in death for the cause of Serb independence. Prinsip found 411 00:27:58,040 --> 00:28:01,720 Speaker 1: himself drawn back again and again to the grave site 412 00:28:01,880 --> 00:28:05,920 Speaker 1: in the days before the assassination, soaking up the revolutionary 413 00:28:06,119 --> 00:28:10,400 Speaker 1: ardor of Zerazak, who, like Princip's childhood hero, the medieval 414 00:28:10,480 --> 00:28:13,920 Speaker 1: night mealosh Obelik, had been willing to fight and die 415 00:28:14,080 --> 00:28:18,840 Speaker 1: for his cause. Now it was Princip's turn, summoning his courage. 416 00:28:19,080 --> 00:28:23,000 Speaker 1: Stoking his anger, Feeling his ancestors beside him, he drew 417 00:28:23,080 --> 00:28:27,359 Speaker 1: his pistol and fired once and then again at Archduke 418 00:28:27,480 --> 00:28:32,240 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand. No one quite knew what had happened By 419 00:28:32,280 --> 00:28:37,120 Speaker 1: the delicatessen. The crowd swarmed Princip and attacked him. Princip 420 00:28:37,160 --> 00:28:40,920 Speaker 1: swallowed a cyanide pill, but as with Kabernovic's, it had 421 00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:45,600 Speaker 1: no effect. The driver, Ilokya, frantically turned the car around 422 00:28:45,640 --> 00:28:48,440 Speaker 1: and sped back down the quay. It was only then 423 00:28:48,600 --> 00:28:51,040 Speaker 1: that those in the car could pause and take stock. 424 00:28:51,520 --> 00:28:55,280 Speaker 1: Only then that Count von Harrik saw the thin trickle 425 00:28:55,360 --> 00:28:59,720 Speaker 1: of blood leaking from Franz Ferdinand's mouth. Sophie turned to 426 00:28:59,760 --> 00:29:02,840 Speaker 1: look at her husband, screaming, for God's sake, what has 427 00:29:02,920 --> 00:29:06,320 Speaker 1: happened to you? She fainted onto his lap in what 428 00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:10,520 Speaker 1: the other's thought was shock. Franz Ferdinand, looking down at 429 00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:14,480 Speaker 1: his beloved wife, cried out, so frill, so feral, don't die, 430 00:29:14,720 --> 00:29:19,000 Speaker 1: stay alive for our children. Harrik grabbed the Archduke's coat 431 00:29:19,040 --> 00:29:22,960 Speaker 1: collar and shook him. Blood sprayed from the Archduke's mouth 432 00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:26,320 Speaker 1: onto the Count's cheek. Is your highness in great pain? 433 00:29:26,640 --> 00:29:30,600 Speaker 1: He asked? It is nothing. Franz Ferdinand said, repeating it 434 00:29:30,720 --> 00:29:34,360 Speaker 1: six or seven times, his face growing paler and his 435 00:29:34,480 --> 00:29:38,360 Speaker 1: words growing fainter with each utterance. It is nothing, It 436 00:29:38,400 --> 00:29:45,080 Speaker 1: is nothing, and then he too fell into unconsciousness. Neither 437 00:29:45,160 --> 00:29:49,560 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand nor Sophie would wake again. A bullet had 438 00:29:49,640 --> 00:29:53,360 Speaker 1: hit Sophie's right side, running through her body, and she 439 00:29:53,520 --> 00:29:56,680 Speaker 1: died in the car before they could reach the Governor's residence. 440 00:29:57,360 --> 00:29:59,960 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand was carried to a bed at the resident 441 00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:04,480 Speaker 1: after struggling to unclasp his collar, they cut open the 442 00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:09,440 Speaker 1: Archduke's tunic with a saber. The Archduke's bare chest revealed 443 00:30:09,480 --> 00:30:11,800 Speaker 1: a gold chain that he had hung with seven good 444 00:30:11,880 --> 00:30:15,560 Speaker 1: luck charms, and it revealed a bullet hole in his neck, 445 00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:19,360 Speaker 1: just above his right collar bone. When they tried to 446 00:30:19,400 --> 00:30:22,440 Speaker 1: lift him, blood spurted from his mouth on to the 447 00:30:22,440 --> 00:30:25,760 Speaker 1: men around him and the walls of the chamber. By 448 00:30:25,800 --> 00:30:30,480 Speaker 1: eleven thirty a m he too was gone. Days later, 449 00:30:30,720 --> 00:30:33,440 Speaker 1: when she said goodbye to her parents for the last time, 450 00:30:33,800 --> 00:30:38,760 Speaker 1: Little Sophie, their daughter only thirteen, said God wanted Mommy 451 00:30:38,800 --> 00:30:41,720 Speaker 1: and Poppy to join him at the same time. It's 452 00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:45,520 Speaker 1: best that they died together, because Poppy couldn't live without Mommy, 453 00:30:45,840 --> 00:30:49,920 Speaker 1: and Mommy could not have gone on without Poppy. Sophie 454 00:30:49,920 --> 00:30:53,160 Speaker 1: and Franz Ferdinand had died as they had lived. Their 455 00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:56,760 Speaker 1: final thoughts, even as they faced death, were for each other. 456 00:30:57,280 --> 00:30:59,800 Speaker 1: They did not speak of war or of peace, as 457 00:30:59,800 --> 00:31:04,200 Speaker 1: the rest of the continent soon would, of ultimatums, of negotiations, 458 00:31:04,480 --> 00:31:08,400 Speaker 1: of threats, or of treaties. Though they represented an empire, 459 00:31:08,640 --> 00:31:12,760 Speaker 1: though they wore its uniforms and symbolized its feats and 460 00:31:12,800 --> 00:31:16,120 Speaker 1: its follies. In the end, they were simply a man 461 00:31:16,200 --> 00:31:18,880 Speaker 1: and a woman who had lived for one another, but 462 00:31:18,960 --> 00:31:22,160 Speaker 1: who would be remembered for their deaths and how those 463 00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:29,080 Speaker 1: deaths would change the world. What happens next is complicated, 464 00:31:29,160 --> 00:31:31,960 Speaker 1: and we will get to the political maneuvering that leads 465 00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:34,800 Speaker 1: to the outbreak of World War One later in that summer, 466 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:37,640 Speaker 1: But for now, I think it's worth taking just another 467 00:31:37,720 --> 00:31:41,600 Speaker 1: moment to focus on the Archduke, Sophie and the assassin. 468 00:31:42,120 --> 00:31:45,760 Speaker 1: Even in death, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie were not treated 469 00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:49,720 Speaker 1: as equals. Faced with mounting and violent evidence that the 470 00:31:49,720 --> 00:31:52,680 Speaker 1: world was becoming hostile to their way of life, the 471 00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:56,720 Speaker 1: Habsburg chose to respond to the assassination by doubling down 472 00:31:56,840 --> 00:32:01,760 Speaker 1: on everything that made the habsburgs Hapsburgs. Emperor Franz Joseph 473 00:32:01,840 --> 00:32:05,080 Speaker 1: led the funeral planning along with his Lord High Chamberlain 474 00:32:05,200 --> 00:32:09,560 Speaker 1: Alfred de Montenovo, architect of so many of Soviet's humiliations 475 00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:14,520 Speaker 1: in life. The two men retained their stubborn, snobby insistence 476 00:32:14,600 --> 00:32:20,120 Speaker 1: on protocol. The resulting funeral quote so startlingly simple, so 477 00:32:20,360 --> 00:32:23,480 Speaker 1: insulting to the feelings of a grieving people, as the 478 00:32:23,560 --> 00:32:26,480 Speaker 1: Vienna reichs bost Put. It was the first time that 479 00:32:26,560 --> 00:32:29,560 Speaker 1: an heir to the Austrian throne had been denied a 480 00:32:29,640 --> 00:32:33,800 Speaker 1: state funeral. No foreign dignitaries were invited to attend, nor 481 00:32:33,880 --> 00:32:37,880 Speaker 1: were any members of the military. The Emperor and Montenuovo 482 00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:42,840 Speaker 1: even banned the couple's three children from attending the funeral service, because, 483 00:32:43,320 --> 00:32:46,680 Speaker 1: in the chilly logic of the Habsburgs, the descendants of 484 00:32:46,720 --> 00:32:50,640 Speaker 1: a Morganatic marriage were not worthy of mourning alongside the 485 00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:55,480 Speaker 1: full blooded members of the imperial family. The slap dash, 486 00:32:55,640 --> 00:32:59,520 Speaker 1: insulting nature of the funeral arrangements were not lost even 487 00:32:59,560 --> 00:33:03,320 Speaker 1: on the offty and nobility, and resentment toward the Emperor 488 00:33:03,400 --> 00:33:07,840 Speaker 1: and Montenuovo began to grow. At the final procession of 489 00:33:07,880 --> 00:33:11,440 Speaker 1: the couple's coffins to the train station, the anger bubbled 490 00:33:11,480 --> 00:33:15,040 Speaker 1: over and led to revolt, albeit revolt in the more 491 00:33:15,120 --> 00:33:19,640 Speaker 1: muted style of the aristocracy. Montenuovo had requested that no 492 00:33:19,800 --> 00:33:23,640 Speaker 1: members of the nobility join this final procession, but fed 493 00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:27,560 Speaker 1: up one hundred aristocrats, counting among their number members of 494 00:33:27,600 --> 00:33:32,160 Speaker 1: the most prominent families in the Empire, spontaneously joined on foot, 495 00:33:32,520 --> 00:33:37,120 Speaker 1: marching behind the coffins. After an additional service at the 496 00:33:37,160 --> 00:33:40,200 Speaker 1: Habsburg's home in Austria, where the family had spent so 497 00:33:40,320 --> 00:33:44,640 Speaker 1: many summers. Franz Ferdinand and Sophie were finally laid to 498 00:33:44,720 --> 00:33:48,680 Speaker 1: rest in a pair of identical white marble tombs, each 499 00:33:48,760 --> 00:33:53,160 Speaker 1: bearing the same inscription in Latin. Joined in marriage, they 500 00:33:53,160 --> 00:33:59,120 Speaker 1: were joined by the same fate and what of Gavrillo, 501 00:33:59,240 --> 00:34:03,440 Speaker 1: Princip and his fellow co conspirators. Of the seven men 502 00:34:03,520 --> 00:34:06,680 Speaker 1: who had waded along the main street to kill the Archduke, 503 00:34:07,080 --> 00:34:11,799 Speaker 1: only one would escape, Mohammed Mehmed bask fled into Montenegro, 504 00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:15,320 Speaker 1: whose government refused to extradite him to Austria for trial. 505 00:34:15,719 --> 00:34:19,160 Speaker 1: He would live until nineteen forty three, when members of 506 00:34:19,200 --> 00:34:22,399 Speaker 1: a Croatian fascist group killed him during World War II. 507 00:34:23,320 --> 00:34:26,640 Speaker 1: Prinsip and Kabernoviac had both been arrested on the day 508 00:34:26,680 --> 00:34:30,560 Speaker 1: of the assassination, and both were interrogated by the authorities 509 00:34:30,640 --> 00:34:34,520 Speaker 1: for days about the plot. Both denied the involvement of 510 00:34:34,560 --> 00:34:38,520 Speaker 1: the Black Hand, hoping to protect their network. However, after 511 00:34:38,600 --> 00:34:42,439 Speaker 1: their remaining co conspirators were rounded up and arrested, more 512 00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:47,040 Speaker 1: of the story began to emerge. In October nineteen fourteen, 513 00:34:47,560 --> 00:34:52,240 Speaker 1: six men went to trial. Under the Bosnian constitution, only 514 00:34:52,280 --> 00:34:55,240 Speaker 1: those over the age of twenty could receive the death penalty, 515 00:34:55,560 --> 00:34:59,080 Speaker 1: and four of the six defendants were still teenagers. For 516 00:34:59,200 --> 00:35:01,719 Speaker 1: some of the men who had dreamed of martyrdom for 517 00:35:01,760 --> 00:35:05,120 Speaker 1: the cause, this was disappointing, but they made the best 518 00:35:05,200 --> 00:35:09,160 Speaker 1: of it, defiantly declaring the righteousness of their actions in court. 519 00:35:09,719 --> 00:35:12,920 Speaker 1: I do not feel like a criminal, Princip said, because 520 00:35:12,920 --> 00:35:16,320 Speaker 1: I put away the one who was doing evil. Grabez 521 00:35:16,360 --> 00:35:20,440 Speaker 1: called the assassination quote one of the greatest works in history. 522 00:35:21,360 --> 00:35:24,240 Speaker 1: Only Kybernovic, who had thrown the bomb that had nearly 523 00:35:24,320 --> 00:35:28,799 Speaker 1: killed Franz Ferdinand, first expressed remorse. All of us, he 524 00:35:28,840 --> 00:35:32,840 Speaker 1: said on the stand, nevertheless feel very sorry because we 525 00:35:32,920 --> 00:35:35,680 Speaker 1: did not know the late Franz Ferdinand was the father 526 00:35:35,800 --> 00:35:39,400 Speaker 1: of a family. We were greatly touched by the last words, 527 00:35:39,400 --> 00:35:42,719 Speaker 1: he uttered to his wife. I humbly submit my apologies 528 00:35:42,760 --> 00:35:45,480 Speaker 1: to the children of the heir apparent and asked them 529 00:35:45,520 --> 00:35:49,239 Speaker 1: to forgive us. Amidst all the political talk, it was 530 00:35:49,480 --> 00:35:52,759 Speaker 1: a shocking reminder of the personal aspect of it all. 531 00:35:53,080 --> 00:35:57,120 Speaker 1: Princip was not pleased and stood up, shouting that Kybernovic 532 00:35:57,239 --> 00:36:00,640 Speaker 1: did not speak for him. On October two, twenty eighth, 533 00:36:00,840 --> 00:36:05,960 Speaker 1: sentences were handed down. Popovic received thirteen years in prison, Princip, 534 00:36:06,040 --> 00:36:10,520 Speaker 1: Kabernoviac and Grabez twenty, and Ilik and Kuberlovac were sentenced 535 00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:13,640 Speaker 1: to death by hanging. Nearly all of the men had 536 00:36:13,680 --> 00:36:18,080 Speaker 1: been suffering from tuberculosis even before the assassination, and the 537 00:36:18,160 --> 00:36:21,719 Speaker 1: conditions in prison did not help. One by one, over 538 00:36:21,760 --> 00:36:25,319 Speaker 1: the next several years, they began to die. Kybernovic was 539 00:36:25,320 --> 00:36:27,920 Speaker 1: the first to go, but before he died he was 540 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:31,719 Speaker 1: the recipient of a profound act of forgiveness. Two of 541 00:36:31,800 --> 00:36:36,200 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand and Sophie's children, Little Sophie and Max, having 542 00:36:36,280 --> 00:36:39,920 Speaker 1: heard about his statements of remorse and his apology in court, 543 00:36:40,239 --> 00:36:43,160 Speaker 1: wrote him a letter telling him that his conscience could 544 00:36:43,200 --> 00:36:46,200 Speaker 1: be at peace, for they forgave him for his part 545 00:36:46,280 --> 00:36:50,319 Speaker 1: in the death of their parents. Princip himself died in 546 00:36:50,360 --> 00:36:55,439 Speaker 1: April nineteen eighteen. His tuberculosis had become so grave that 547 00:36:55,520 --> 00:36:58,920 Speaker 1: at the time of his death, aged twenty three, he 548 00:36:59,040 --> 00:37:02,799 Speaker 1: weighed only nine pounds. He had lived to see his 549 00:37:02,920 --> 00:37:07,200 Speaker 1: actions spark a deadly world war far beyond what he 550 00:37:07,280 --> 00:37:10,239 Speaker 1: had expected, but he would not live to see it end. 551 00:37:10,680 --> 00:37:18,160 Speaker 1: He died eight months before armistice. How exactly did the 552 00:37:18,160 --> 00:37:22,360 Speaker 1: assassination of Franz Ferdinand spark World War One? Join me 553 00:37:22,560 --> 00:37:25,240 Speaker 1: on a journey back to your high school history class 554 00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:29,839 Speaker 1: to review the falling dominoes. After the assassination on June 555 00:37:29,920 --> 00:37:33,640 Speaker 1: twenty eighth, those in the Austrian government who wanted war 556 00:37:33,680 --> 00:37:39,520 Speaker 1: with Serbia, including Franz Ferdinand's old nemesis Conrad, saw an opportunity. 557 00:37:40,080 --> 00:37:43,720 Speaker 1: He organized a meeting with the German ambassador to ensure 558 00:37:43,880 --> 00:37:47,880 Speaker 1: that Germans would support the Austrians should war be declared. 559 00:37:48,480 --> 00:37:51,800 Speaker 1: The German ambassador was reluctant, but he sent a telegram 560 00:37:51,840 --> 00:37:55,359 Speaker 1: to Kaiser Wilhelm the Second informing him of the conversation. 561 00:37:56,239 --> 00:38:00,680 Speaker 1: The Kaiser was profoundly affected by the assassination, furious and 562 00:38:00,719 --> 00:38:05,080 Speaker 1: grief stricken, and sent back a reply containing, among other things, 563 00:38:05,600 --> 00:38:10,440 Speaker 1: one fateful line, the Serbs must be sorted and that 564 00:38:10,680 --> 00:38:15,520 Speaker 1: right soon. The Austrians had the encouragement they needed, which 565 00:38:15,600 --> 00:38:19,440 Speaker 1: was only solidified by the so called Blank Chek, a 566 00:38:19,480 --> 00:38:22,320 Speaker 1: guarantee delivered by a German count on behalf of the 567 00:38:22,400 --> 00:38:27,920 Speaker 1: Kaiser that Germany would support Austria unconditionally. A month of 568 00:38:28,040 --> 00:38:32,120 Speaker 1: secret discussions between the two governments ensued as they decided 569 00:38:32,160 --> 00:38:36,320 Speaker 1: to pursue war. They realized that any threat against Serbia 570 00:38:36,520 --> 00:38:40,640 Speaker 1: would probably be seen as a threat against Serbia's ally Russia, 571 00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:43,719 Speaker 1: but this was not necessarily seen as a bad thing. 572 00:38:44,160 --> 00:38:47,600 Speaker 1: It might be the chance Germany and Austria. Hungary needed 573 00:38:47,800 --> 00:38:52,239 Speaker 1: to weaken Russia and her allies, and Wilhelm was all 574 00:38:52,320 --> 00:38:59,440 Speaker 1: too happy to challenge his first cousin, the Czar of Russia. 575 00:38:59,719 --> 00:39:02,480 Speaker 1: At time six p m. On July twenty three, the 576 00:39:02,520 --> 00:39:06,759 Speaker 1: Austrian Minister in Serbia delivered in ultimatum to Serbia with 577 00:39:06,840 --> 00:39:11,080 Speaker 1: a forty eight hour deadline. The ultimatum contained ten demands. 578 00:39:11,640 --> 00:39:16,000 Speaker 1: Two days later, Serbs released a statement agreeing to nearly 579 00:39:16,080 --> 00:39:18,680 Speaker 1: all of the demands, a response that was seen by 580 00:39:18,760 --> 00:39:23,200 Speaker 1: most as diplomatic and conciliatory. What the Serbian government did 581 00:39:23,239 --> 00:39:27,640 Speaker 1: not know, though, was that the minister had been instructed. However, 582 00:39:27,719 --> 00:39:31,319 Speaker 1: the Serbs react to the ultimatum, you must break off 583 00:39:31,360 --> 00:39:35,160 Speaker 1: relations and it must come to war. Over the next 584 00:39:35,280 --> 00:39:39,160 Speaker 1: five days, the great powers of Europe scrambled both to 585 00:39:39,239 --> 00:39:43,200 Speaker 1: avoid war and to decide, should war come, whose side 586 00:39:43,239 --> 00:39:47,600 Speaker 1: they would take. On July twenty eight, Austria declared war 587 00:39:47,719 --> 00:39:52,280 Speaker 1: against Serbia and bombed Belgrade two days later, on August first, 588 00:39:52,719 --> 00:39:56,919 Speaker 1: Germany declared war on Russia, then on France on August third, 589 00:39:57,280 --> 00:40:01,600 Speaker 1: topping it all off by invading neutral Belgium. Britain sent 590 00:40:01,680 --> 00:40:05,680 Speaker 1: Germany an ultimatum withdraw from neutral Belgium or we will 591 00:40:05,800 --> 00:40:10,040 Speaker 1: enter the war. The ultimatum rejected, Britain declared war on 592 00:40:10,120 --> 00:40:15,600 Speaker 1: Germany August fourth. It was yet another family entanglement. King 593 00:40:15,640 --> 00:40:19,040 Speaker 1: George the fifth of England was also a first cousin 594 00:40:19,239 --> 00:40:23,640 Speaker 1: of the Tsar and Kaiser. By August twelfth, all of 595 00:40:23,680 --> 00:40:27,719 Speaker 1: the major European powers had configured into two alliances, the 596 00:40:27,760 --> 00:40:32,320 Speaker 1: Allied Powers, which include France, Russia, and Great Britain, among others, 597 00:40:32,680 --> 00:40:36,680 Speaker 1: and the Central Powers, which included Germany, Austria, Hungary, and 598 00:40:36,719 --> 00:40:40,520 Speaker 1: the Ottoman Empire among others. In the next four years, 599 00:40:40,640 --> 00:40:44,760 Speaker 1: countries from around the world would join, including Japan, China, 600 00:40:44,840 --> 00:40:48,760 Speaker 1: and the United States. The fighting would be unlike any 601 00:40:48,920 --> 00:40:53,680 Speaker 1: scene before. More than eight point five million soldiers would die, 602 00:40:53,960 --> 00:41:00,160 Speaker 1: and it is estimated thirteen million civilians. Franz, Ferdinand and 603 00:41:00,239 --> 00:41:03,879 Speaker 1: Sophie could not have foreseen this, as they returned resolutely 604 00:41:03,920 --> 00:41:06,759 Speaker 1: to their car, in which they had already survived one 605 00:41:06,840 --> 00:41:11,280 Speaker 1: assassination attempt that day. Gavrilo princip could not have possibly 606 00:41:11,360 --> 00:41:14,279 Speaker 1: known as the Archduke's modecar breaked in front of him. 607 00:41:14,560 --> 00:41:17,640 Speaker 1: What would happen once he raised his pistol and fired. 608 00:41:18,280 --> 00:41:21,200 Speaker 1: No one could have seen it coming, could have glimpsed 609 00:41:21,320 --> 00:41:25,200 Speaker 1: the monstrous specter of death and destruction that lurched towards them, 610 00:41:25,440 --> 00:41:28,840 Speaker 1: that had been summoned to Sarajevo by the chance meeting 611 00:41:28,960 --> 00:41:39,319 Speaker 1: of the Archduke and his assassin. That's the story of 612 00:41:39,360 --> 00:41:43,480 Speaker 1: the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. But keep listening after 613 00:41:43,520 --> 00:41:46,160 Speaker 1: a brief sponsor break to hear a little bit more 614 00:41:46,280 --> 00:41:59,640 Speaker 1: about one more tiny consequence. World War One was a 615 00:41:59,719 --> 00:42:03,680 Speaker 1: globe mobal conflict inflamed by the close family relationships of 616 00:42:03,719 --> 00:42:07,799 Speaker 1: the countries involved, and some of those close family relations 617 00:42:07,960 --> 00:42:12,160 Speaker 1: were slightly too close for comfort. King George the fifth 618 00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:15,520 Speaker 1: of England was first cousins with both Tsar Alexander the 619 00:42:15,520 --> 00:42:19,640 Speaker 1: Second of Russia and Kaiser Wilhelm. All three were grandchildren 620 00:42:19,719 --> 00:42:23,560 Speaker 1: of Queen Victoria, and they all shared a strong family resemblance. 621 00:42:24,200 --> 00:42:28,000 Speaker 1: After the outbreak of World War One, anti German sentiment 622 00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:31,520 Speaker 1: was running rampant in England, but go back a few 623 00:42:31,600 --> 00:42:37,040 Speaker 1: generations and recall that the British royal family was actually 624 00:42:37,080 --> 00:42:41,440 Speaker 1: pretty German themselves. It was because of that anti German 625 00:42:41,560 --> 00:42:45,759 Speaker 1: sentiment that the King decreed in June nineteen seventeen that 626 00:42:45,840 --> 00:42:49,240 Speaker 1: their family name would no longer be the incredibly German 627 00:42:49,360 --> 00:42:53,759 Speaker 1: sounding Saxe, Coburg Gotha, and would instead be the much 628 00:42:53,800 --> 00:43:09,920 Speaker 1: more familiar and much more English sounding Windsor. Noble Blood 629 00:43:10,040 --> 00:43:13,239 Speaker 1: is a production of iHeartRadio and Grimm and Mild from 630 00:43:13,320 --> 00:43:16,960 Speaker 1: Aaron Mankey. Noble Blood is hosted by me Danish Worts. 631 00:43:17,280 --> 00:43:21,399 Speaker 1: Additional writing and researching done by Hannah Johnston, hannah's Wick, 632 00:43:21,640 --> 00:43:25,840 Speaker 1: Mira Hayward, Courtney Sender, and Lori Goodman. The show is 633 00:43:25,920 --> 00:43:30,640 Speaker 1: produced by Rima L. Kali, with supervising producer Josh Thain 634 00:43:31,000 --> 00:43:35,440 Speaker 1: and executive producers Aaron Manke, Alex Williams, and Matt Frederick. 635 00:43:35,760 --> 00:43:41,120 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 636 00:43:41,200 --> 00:43:47,800 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.