1 00:00:00,800 --> 00:00:04,400 Speaker 1: Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of I Heart Radio 2 00:00:04,640 --> 00:00:08,480 Speaker 1: and Grim and Mild from Aaron Mankey listener discretion advised. 3 00:00:10,720 --> 00:00:13,000 Speaker 1: One quick note before we begin. If you want to 4 00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:16,639 Speaker 1: support Noble Blood, we are on Patreon at patreon dot 5 00:00:16,680 --> 00:00:20,520 Speaker 1: com slash Noble Blood Tales, and I upload episode scripts 6 00:00:20,560 --> 00:00:24,280 Speaker 1: and some bonus episodes where I talk about television shows 7 00:00:24,320 --> 00:00:27,840 Speaker 1: involving period pieces. I do rain on the c W 8 00:00:28,080 --> 00:00:31,720 Speaker 1: which is on Netflix and the Tutors. Sometimes. You can 9 00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:35,080 Speaker 1: also get Noble Blood merch at df t b A 10 00:00:35,280 --> 00:00:38,520 Speaker 1: dot com. All of this is in the episode description, 11 00:00:38,760 --> 00:00:41,040 Speaker 1: and you can pick up a copy of my book Anatomy, 12 00:00:41,159 --> 00:00:43,960 Speaker 1: A Love Story. But as always, just the best possible 13 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:46,600 Speaker 1: support for the show is you listening, so thank you 14 00:00:46,680 --> 00:01:01,440 Speaker 1: so much. The morning of June nine teen, fourteen, began 15 00:01:01,560 --> 00:01:06,240 Speaker 1: with golden light spilling over Sarajevo. It was a perfect 16 00:01:06,319 --> 00:01:10,479 Speaker 1: day in a summer full of perfect days. In later years, 17 00:01:10,959 --> 00:01:15,160 Speaker 1: reflecting on the bloodshed that was to come, observers would 18 00:01:15,160 --> 00:01:18,679 Speaker 1: remark on how beautiful the summer had been, the way 19 00:01:18,680 --> 00:01:21,720 Speaker 1: the world had seemed to hum in harmony, the way 20 00:01:21,760 --> 00:01:25,280 Speaker 1: the sun had shown on Europe. No one in the 21 00:01:25,319 --> 00:01:28,919 Speaker 1: crowds gathered along the appel Qua, a broad street running 22 00:01:28,920 --> 00:01:33,199 Speaker 1: along the mill Jack River in central Sarajevo. Knew quite 23 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:37,760 Speaker 1: how precious this day would be, the beginnings and endings 24 00:01:37,800 --> 00:01:41,520 Speaker 1: that it would mark for both the Archduke Franz Ferdinand 25 00:01:41,760 --> 00:01:48,520 Speaker 1: and for his assassin. June held special significance. For Franz Ferdinand, 26 00:01:48,760 --> 00:01:51,640 Speaker 1: Archduke of Austria est and heir to the throne of 27 00:01:51,680 --> 00:01:55,280 Speaker 1: Austria Hungary. It was the anniversary of the day he 28 00:01:55,320 --> 00:01:59,480 Speaker 1: had taken the oath of Renunciation, the bitter compromise that 29 00:01:59,520 --> 00:02:02,400 Speaker 1: had allowed out him to marry his beloved wife, but 30 00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:05,320 Speaker 1: at the cost of renouncing the rights of his children 31 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:09,240 Speaker 1: to inherit his titles. Fourteen years on from that day, 32 00:02:09,440 --> 00:02:12,800 Speaker 1: it was still a painful reminder of the strictures of 33 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:18,239 Speaker 1: tradition that bound Franz Ferdinand to a dying system of governance. 34 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:23,280 Speaker 1: For his assassin, Gavrilo princip it was St. Vitus's Day, 35 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:29,720 Speaker 1: a day of remembrance and resistance. On June thirteen eighty nine, 36 00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:32,519 Speaker 1: the Serbs had been defeated by the Ottomans at the 37 00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:36,160 Speaker 1: Battle of Kosovo Polier, an event that dashed their dreams 38 00:02:36,200 --> 00:02:40,120 Speaker 1: of an independent Serbia. And ushered in five centuries of 39 00:02:40,160 --> 00:02:43,960 Speaker 1: Ottoman rule. But Kosovo Polier was also the site of 40 00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:47,840 Speaker 1: an important victory, the killing of the Ottoman Sultan Murad 41 00:02:47,919 --> 00:02:51,840 Speaker 1: the First by the Serbian night Milos or Blick. Five 42 00:02:51,960 --> 00:02:56,160 Speaker 1: hundred years later, Serbs celebrated Obelik's feet on the feast 43 00:02:56,280 --> 00:03:00,440 Speaker 1: day of St. Vitus, honoring the sacrifices of general rations 44 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:07,160 Speaker 1: of forebearers in the quest for an independent Serbia. This June, 45 00:03:07,240 --> 00:03:10,240 Speaker 1: the two men had arrived in the same city, each 46 00:03:10,320 --> 00:03:12,920 Speaker 1: for a reason that echoed the meaning of the day 47 00:03:13,080 --> 00:03:16,960 Speaker 1: in his own mind. Franz Ferdinand was there an official 48 00:03:17,200 --> 00:03:20,960 Speaker 1: royal business, making a royal progress through the capital of 49 00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:26,320 Speaker 1: the recently annexed territory of Bosnia Herzegovina. He hadn't wanted 50 00:03:26,360 --> 00:03:29,720 Speaker 1: to make the trip, he had opposed the annexation, but 51 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:34,760 Speaker 1: he felt duty bound to Gavrillo. Princep a passionate, poetry 52 00:03:34,760 --> 00:03:38,480 Speaker 1: mad young student, was there in the spirit of Milash Obelik, 53 00:03:38,880 --> 00:03:42,280 Speaker 1: determined to win freedom for his people at any cost. 54 00:03:43,080 --> 00:03:48,360 Speaker 1: This June, the forces of monarchy and modernism, of tradition 55 00:03:48,560 --> 00:03:53,840 Speaker 1: and terrorism were on a deadly collision course. The study 56 00:03:53,920 --> 00:03:57,520 Speaker 1: of history is often a study of themes, the rise 57 00:03:57,640 --> 00:04:02,800 Speaker 1: and fall of movements, ideas, and passions. And here now 58 00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:08,320 Speaker 1: the grand forces of history were coalescing, rippling, unseen through 59 00:04:08,360 --> 00:04:13,040 Speaker 1: the crowds, gathering power and refracting through the bodies of 60 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:18,520 Speaker 1: two men, one mustachioed, middle aged archduke and a fervent, 61 00:04:18,680 --> 00:04:23,440 Speaker 1: tubercular teenager. But on that sunny Sarah gave O afternoon, 62 00:04:23,960 --> 00:04:28,920 Speaker 1: they were ultimately just two people, drawn inexorably towards one 63 00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:32,359 Speaker 1: another by virtue of fulfilling what they felt to be 64 00:04:32,520 --> 00:04:36,000 Speaker 1: their duties. They couldn't have known that at the moment 65 00:04:36,080 --> 00:04:39,479 Speaker 1: of their meeting, the forces that had shaped their lives 66 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:43,680 Speaker 1: and become embodied in them would slip their mortal forms 67 00:04:43,760 --> 00:04:48,719 Speaker 1: and transcend them, eventually drawing the world into the bloodiest 68 00:04:48,800 --> 00:04:53,880 Speaker 1: conflict it had ever known. I'm Danish Schwartz, and this 69 00:04:54,440 --> 00:05:05,880 Speaker 1: is noble blood the Great European War. The German Chancellor 70 00:05:05,920 --> 00:05:09,400 Speaker 1: Otto von Bismarck is alleged to have said in eighteen eight, 71 00:05:10,279 --> 00:05:14,320 Speaker 1: will quote come out of some damned foolish thing in 72 00:05:14,360 --> 00:05:18,799 Speaker 1: the Balkans. Though the quote is apocryphal, it does neatly 73 00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:24,159 Speaker 1: capture the precariousness of the political situation in Southeastern Europe 74 00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:28,520 Speaker 1: in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It would 75 00:05:28,520 --> 00:05:32,000 Speaker 1: be nearly impossible to do justice to the nuances and 76 00:05:32,080 --> 00:05:35,640 Speaker 1: intricacies of the political evolution of the Balkans in an 77 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:39,240 Speaker 1: entire season of a podcast, let alone one episode. But 78 00:05:39,320 --> 00:05:43,039 Speaker 1: to understand why Givrilla princip went to Sarajevo in June 79 00:05:43,640 --> 00:05:47,520 Speaker 1: fourteen to kill Archduke Franz Ferdinand, here's what you need 80 00:05:47,560 --> 00:05:50,960 Speaker 1: to know. The Balkans is the name given to the 81 00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:55,080 Speaker 1: mountainous swath of land that stretches north from present day 82 00:05:55,080 --> 00:05:58,400 Speaker 1: Greece up until it butts into the southern borders of 83 00:05:58,520 --> 00:06:04,080 Speaker 1: present day Austria, Hungary, and Ukraine. First formally incorporated as 84 00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:08,000 Speaker 1: Roman provinces in the first century b C. The region 85 00:06:08,120 --> 00:06:12,000 Speaker 1: was eventually controlled by Slavic invaders from the north, who 86 00:06:12,080 --> 00:06:15,160 Speaker 1: organized the land into a series of kingdoms whose names 87 00:06:15,240 --> 00:06:21,400 Speaker 1: still remain Bosnia, Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, and so on. A 88 00:06:21,520 --> 00:06:25,400 Speaker 1: quick note here. Over time, the Slavic people inhabiting the 89 00:06:25,440 --> 00:06:31,440 Speaker 1: Balkans became known as Southern Slavs, and further ethnic subgrouping developed, 90 00:06:31,480 --> 00:06:34,880 Speaker 1: with these ethnic subgroups sharing the names of the kingdoms 91 00:06:34,920 --> 00:06:39,240 Speaker 1: they occupied with Bosniaks in Bosnia and Croats in Croatia, 92 00:06:39,400 --> 00:06:43,120 Speaker 1: for example. In the Modern Age, as new land borders 93 00:06:43,120 --> 00:06:47,760 Speaker 1: were established, these groups mingled, becoming citizens of countries that 94 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:51,160 Speaker 1: might not share the same name as their ethnic subgroups. 95 00:06:51,520 --> 00:06:55,520 Speaker 1: For example, Gavrilo princip was a Bosnian Serb, which meant 96 00:06:55,520 --> 00:06:57,880 Speaker 1: that he was an ethnic Serb but living in the 97 00:06:57,880 --> 00:07:02,599 Speaker 1: country of Bosnia. Back to the Middle Ages, over the 98 00:07:02,680 --> 00:07:07,200 Speaker 1: fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the Balkan kingdoms were conquered by 99 00:07:07,200 --> 00:07:10,680 Speaker 1: the Ottoman Empire in a series of battles, including the 100 00:07:10,720 --> 00:07:13,800 Speaker 1: defeat of the Serbs at the Battle of Kosovopolier in 101 00:07:13,880 --> 00:07:18,160 Speaker 1: thirteen eighty nine, a defeat but with one victory, the 102 00:07:18,280 --> 00:07:21,560 Speaker 1: slaying of the Ottoman Sultan Maraud, the first by the 103 00:07:21,560 --> 00:07:27,000 Speaker 1: Serb milash Obilich, events commemorated on Saint Vitus's Day. For 104 00:07:27,080 --> 00:07:31,880 Speaker 1: the next five centuries, various resistance groups would revolt against 105 00:07:31,880 --> 00:07:36,440 Speaker 1: the Ottomans, mainly along ethnic or religious lines. By the 106 00:07:36,560 --> 00:07:40,680 Speaker 1: nineteenth century, the most powerful social movement was a pan 107 00:07:40,800 --> 00:07:44,000 Speaker 1: Slavic one, which aimed to win the right to self 108 00:07:44,040 --> 00:07:49,240 Speaker 1: determination for Southern Slavs. In eighteen seventy eight, it looked 109 00:07:49,240 --> 00:07:52,760 Speaker 1: like they might finally have a chance. The year before, 110 00:07:53,040 --> 00:07:55,800 Speaker 1: the Russian Empire had come to the aid of Orthodox 111 00:07:55,880 --> 00:08:00,800 Speaker 1: rebels in the region, creating a powerful coalition that eventually, 112 00:08:00,920 --> 00:08:05,240 Speaker 1: after a bloody conflict, defeat the Ottomans. The Treaty of 113 00:08:05,320 --> 00:08:08,760 Speaker 1: San Stefano, signed by the Russians and the Ottomans in 114 00:08:08,800 --> 00:08:13,680 Speaker 1: the spring of eighteen seventy eight, granted increased independence or 115 00:08:13,880 --> 00:08:17,600 Speaker 1: autonomy to a number of new nation states, But the 116 00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:22,760 Speaker 1: other imperial powers Great Britain, France, Austria, Hungary, Italy, and 117 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:28,840 Speaker 1: Germany had different ideas. Worried that the newly unoccupied region 118 00:08:28,960 --> 00:08:31,680 Speaker 1: would lead to an imbalance in the power structure that 119 00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:35,320 Speaker 1: they had so carefully curated in their favor, those great 120 00:08:35,360 --> 00:08:38,960 Speaker 1: powers met with Russia in July eight seventy eight to 121 00:08:39,080 --> 00:08:41,880 Speaker 1: determine a future for those who had just fought for 122 00:08:41,920 --> 00:08:46,239 Speaker 1: the right to determine the future for themselves. The resulting 123 00:08:46,360 --> 00:08:51,160 Speaker 1: Treaty of Berlin granted Austria Hungary protectorate powers over the 124 00:08:51,280 --> 00:08:56,600 Speaker 1: territory of Bosnia Herzegovina, neighboring Serbia, which had gained nearly 125 00:08:56,679 --> 00:09:00,679 Speaker 1: full autonomy from the Ottomans earlier in the century. Struggled 126 00:09:00,760 --> 00:09:04,040 Speaker 1: internally over whether to ally with the Russians or with 127 00:09:04,160 --> 00:09:09,760 Speaker 1: Austria Hungary. Meanwhile, some ethnic Serbs in Bosnia Herzegovina dreamed 128 00:09:09,800 --> 00:09:14,880 Speaker 1: of uniting with Serbia to create a Slavic nation. Tensions 129 00:09:14,960 --> 00:09:20,240 Speaker 1: only rose when Austria Hungary formally annexed Bosnia in eight 130 00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:23,800 Speaker 1: ostensibly to prevent the Ottomans from trying to reclaim it, 131 00:09:24,120 --> 00:09:28,839 Speaker 1: but really to curb the expansion of Serbia. Nearly everyone 132 00:09:29,120 --> 00:09:32,760 Speaker 1: was frustrated by the situation, with the Slavs feeling that 133 00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:36,080 Speaker 1: they had driven out the Ottoman occupiers only to find 134 00:09:36,120 --> 00:09:41,360 Speaker 1: themselves subjugated to a new order. It was into this 135 00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:45,960 Speaker 1: situation that Maria and Peter Princip welcomed a son, Gavrilo, 136 00:09:46,360 --> 00:09:51,880 Speaker 1: on July eighteen ninety four. The Princips lived in Oblaje, 137 00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:56,240 Speaker 1: a small village in northern Bosnia. Peter, a farmer who 138 00:09:56,280 --> 00:09:59,400 Speaker 1: had served as the village postman, had fought in the 139 00:09:59,440 --> 00:10:04,280 Speaker 1: Bosnia War for independence, and was known for his religious piety. Maria, 140 00:10:04,559 --> 00:10:08,000 Speaker 1: known as Nana, had a beautiful singing voice and bright 141 00:10:08,040 --> 00:10:10,600 Speaker 1: blue eyes, and she would carry a small bag of 142 00:10:10,640 --> 00:10:14,200 Speaker 1: sugar at her waist to give to village children. Their 143 00:10:14,280 --> 00:10:17,960 Speaker 1: life was a difficult one, racked by poverty and illness. 144 00:10:18,440 --> 00:10:22,079 Speaker 1: Of the nine children Nana gave birth to, only three 145 00:10:22,320 --> 00:10:26,800 Speaker 1: would survive childhood. Gavrillo grew up to be a slight 146 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:31,120 Speaker 1: but scrappy child. A surviving relative would later tell the 147 00:10:31,160 --> 00:10:34,400 Speaker 1: story of a young Gavrillo throwing his pencil case at 148 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:36,880 Speaker 1: the head of a teacher who was caning another student. 149 00:10:37,520 --> 00:10:40,280 Speaker 1: He might have been small, said the relative, but the 150 00:10:40,360 --> 00:10:43,440 Speaker 1: village boys all knew he was ferocious if you tried 151 00:10:43,480 --> 00:10:47,560 Speaker 1: to wrestle him. Gavrillo had a reputation for taking on bullies, 152 00:10:47,800 --> 00:10:51,040 Speaker 1: and also for bookishness. When he wasn't caring for his 153 00:10:51,120 --> 00:10:54,240 Speaker 1: family's chickens or working in the fields with his father, 154 00:10:54,720 --> 00:10:57,160 Speaker 1: Gavrillo could be found with his nose in a book, 155 00:10:57,360 --> 00:11:01,720 Speaker 1: a precious resource in his remote village. He particularly loved 156 00:11:01,840 --> 00:11:06,760 Speaker 1: the myths of patriotic serbs past, whose legends, including that 157 00:11:06,840 --> 00:11:10,360 Speaker 1: of the sultan slayer milash Obilich, were passed on through 158 00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:16,000 Speaker 1: the generations via epic poetry. In nineteen o seven, Gavrillo 159 00:11:16,120 --> 00:11:19,760 Speaker 1: left his tiny village of Oblage to continue his education 160 00:11:19,880 --> 00:11:24,280 Speaker 1: in Sarajevo. Unable to afford the train ticket, he traveled 161 00:11:24,400 --> 00:11:27,200 Speaker 1: the one hundred and forty seven miles to the city 162 00:11:27,280 --> 00:11:31,319 Speaker 1: on foot alongside his father. It was on this journey 163 00:11:31,320 --> 00:11:35,120 Speaker 1: that the young Gavrillo began to fully realize the deprivations 164 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:38,640 Speaker 1: his people were suffering under the Habsburg's rule. At his 165 00:11:38,760 --> 00:11:42,800 Speaker 1: trial seven years later, he would recount his impressions of 166 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:47,719 Speaker 1: the villagers he saw quote, they are completely impoverished. They 167 00:11:47,720 --> 00:11:52,600 Speaker 1: are treated like cattle. Once in Sarajevo, Gavrillo was met 168 00:11:52,600 --> 00:11:55,640 Speaker 1: by his older brother Yovan, who planned to send him 169 00:11:55,640 --> 00:12:00,000 Speaker 1: to an Austro Hungarian military school. However, Yovan was dissuayed 170 00:12:00,080 --> 00:12:02,440 Speaker 1: did from this course of action by a friend who 171 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:06,000 Speaker 1: begged him not to make young Gavrilo into quote an 172 00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:09,800 Speaker 1: executioner of his own people, or so the story goes. 173 00:12:10,559 --> 00:12:14,680 Speaker 1: Whatever the cause, Yovan ultimately sent Gavrilo to Merchant School, 174 00:12:14,840 --> 00:12:17,800 Speaker 1: where he studied for three years. It was at this 175 00:12:17,840 --> 00:12:21,600 Speaker 1: school that Gavrillo was first exposed to the political movement 176 00:12:21,640 --> 00:12:25,400 Speaker 1: for Slavic Unification, a movement whose aim was to see 177 00:12:25,440 --> 00:12:29,640 Speaker 1: the Slavic people, particularly the Serbs, a Slavic subgroup who 178 00:12:29,679 --> 00:12:33,880 Speaker 1: mainly lived in Serbia and Bosnia, rule their own nation. 179 00:12:34,600 --> 00:12:39,160 Speaker 1: Over time, as Gavrillo discussed politics with classmates, read theory, 180 00:12:39,320 --> 00:12:43,200 Speaker 1: and traveled the country witnessing oppression his people faced, he 181 00:12:43,320 --> 00:12:47,120 Speaker 1: became more and more convinced that the Austro Hungarian Empire 182 00:12:47,679 --> 00:12:50,920 Speaker 1: was just another bully, the kind he had long felt 183 00:12:50,920 --> 00:12:55,800 Speaker 1: compelled to fight. By nineteen twelve, teenaged Gavrillo had been 184 00:12:55,880 --> 00:13:00,920 Speaker 1: expelled from school for participating in student protests against Austro 185 00:13:01,040 --> 00:13:05,840 Speaker 1: Hungarian rule. Determined to aid the Slavic movement, Gavrillo traveled 186 00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:09,840 Speaker 1: to the Serbian capital of Belgrade. It was an opportune 187 00:13:09,880 --> 00:13:13,440 Speaker 1: time for Gavrillo to commit himself to the revolutionary cause. 188 00:13:13,800 --> 00:13:18,959 Speaker 1: In October nineteen twelve, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia had 189 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:22,720 Speaker 1: declared war against the Ottoman Empire, which had maintained a 190 00:13:22,840 --> 00:13:26,960 Speaker 1: minor foothold in the region. Only eight months later, the 191 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:30,720 Speaker 1: group known as the Balkan League had defeated the Ottomans, 192 00:13:30,840 --> 00:13:34,440 Speaker 1: who ultimately seeded all of their lands west of Istanbul. 193 00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:38,360 Speaker 1: It was a striking show of strength by the Balkan League, 194 00:13:38,640 --> 00:13:42,719 Speaker 1: and it was especially galvanizing for nationalist Serbs, who were 195 00:13:42,800 --> 00:13:46,599 Speaker 1: further empowered by the Second Balkan War of nineteen thirteen, 196 00:13:46,880 --> 00:13:51,040 Speaker 1: in which Serbia gained more territory. Gavrillo had tried to 197 00:13:51,160 --> 00:13:55,040 Speaker 1: enlist in the Serbian army for both conflicts, but suffering 198 00:13:55,080 --> 00:13:59,480 Speaker 1: from tuberculosis, he was deemed too weak. Not dissuaded, he 199 00:13:59,559 --> 00:14:04,479 Speaker 1: turned his attention to more unofficial channels and underwent military 200 00:14:04,520 --> 00:14:09,520 Speaker 1: training conducted by one anti Austrian organization and then by 201 00:14:09,559 --> 00:14:13,400 Speaker 1: its more radical spinoff, commonly known as the Black Hand. 202 00:14:14,679 --> 00:14:18,600 Speaker 1: In the spring of nine fourteen, Prince Sip decided to 203 00:14:18,640 --> 00:14:23,720 Speaker 1: take his radicalism one step further. After reading about Franz 204 00:14:23,720 --> 00:14:28,440 Speaker 1: Ferdinand's upcoming visit in a paper, Princip approached two young men, 205 00:14:28,760 --> 00:14:33,840 Speaker 1: Trifico Grabz and Nidelko Cabrinovic, with an idea. Like Prince Sip, 206 00:14:34,200 --> 00:14:37,600 Speaker 1: Grabez and Cabernovic were in their teens and they were 207 00:14:37,680 --> 00:14:42,040 Speaker 1: faithful members of Young Bosnia, the Pan Slavist radical group. 208 00:14:42,600 --> 00:14:46,000 Speaker 1: All three had been born in Bosnia to Serb families, 209 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:49,760 Speaker 1: and all were deeply committed to the anti Austrian cause. 210 00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:53,480 Speaker 1: It did not take much for Princip to sell Grabes 211 00:14:53,600 --> 00:14:58,720 Speaker 1: and Cabernovic on his plan, a plan to assassinate the Archduke. 212 00:14:59,400 --> 00:15:03,000 Speaker 1: It was they thought their chance to make a difference, 213 00:15:03,360 --> 00:15:09,320 Speaker 1: to strike back on behalf of their people. Why target 214 00:15:09,400 --> 00:15:13,400 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand. We focused last episode on the softer side 215 00:15:13,400 --> 00:15:17,680 Speaker 1: of Franz Ferdinand, his shyness, his devotion to Sophie. But 216 00:15:17,840 --> 00:15:20,880 Speaker 1: as is so often the case with royalty, who they 217 00:15:20,920 --> 00:15:24,400 Speaker 1: are is less important to the story than what they represent, 218 00:15:24,880 --> 00:15:29,960 Speaker 1: and Franz Ferdinand represented the Habsburgs, a conservative, often oppressive, 219 00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:35,320 Speaker 1: enormously powerful imperial dynasty. In some ways, the public characterization 220 00:15:35,480 --> 00:15:40,120 Speaker 1: was fair, as the historian Vladimir Detegier rights, Franz Ferdinand 221 00:15:40,360 --> 00:15:44,600 Speaker 1: was quote above all a true Hapsburg, brought up strictly 222 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:48,000 Speaker 1: in the spirit of some of their most renowned representatives. 223 00:15:48,080 --> 00:15:52,560 Speaker 1: His energies were directed primarily to restoring the Earth's house 224 00:15:52,760 --> 00:15:56,040 Speaker 1: the prestige and dignity it had enjoyed over the past 225 00:15:56,160 --> 00:16:01,120 Speaker 1: centuries end quote. Franz Ferdinand's role was a political one, 226 00:16:01,240 --> 00:16:03,920 Speaker 1: and it required him to take stances that were not 227 00:16:04,040 --> 00:16:07,960 Speaker 1: always popular. He was a deeply religious Catholic, too, which 228 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:10,640 Speaker 1: many in the Balkans saw as a threat to the 229 00:16:10,680 --> 00:16:16,680 Speaker 1: Eastern Orthodox Church. This fear, it seems, was overstated. Though pious, 230 00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:20,920 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand supported the right of all to practice their religion, 231 00:16:21,360 --> 00:16:25,400 Speaker 1: although I will note here, like many Europeans at the time, 232 00:16:25,520 --> 00:16:30,160 Speaker 1: France Ferinand did believe in some incredibly harmful, very anti 233 00:16:30,200 --> 00:16:34,440 Speaker 1: Semitic myths. Still, the Archduke may have been more open 234 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:38,080 Speaker 1: minded and forward facing than his uncle the Emperor, given 235 00:16:38,160 --> 00:16:41,440 Speaker 1: his belief in greater autonomy for many of the empires 236 00:16:41,560 --> 00:16:45,800 Speaker 1: diverse ethnic and religious groups. But he was still ultimately 237 00:16:45,920 --> 00:16:49,360 Speaker 1: a believer in the supremacy of the Austrian Empire, and 238 00:16:49,400 --> 00:16:52,800 Speaker 1: he wished to see it thrive. For those reasons and 239 00:16:52,880 --> 00:16:56,800 Speaker 1: for what Franz Ferinand represented, the young men thought he 240 00:16:56,920 --> 00:17:01,760 Speaker 1: had to die. In order to get the weapons they 241 00:17:01,760 --> 00:17:05,000 Speaker 1: would use. Princip reached out to the Black Hand network, 242 00:17:05,240 --> 00:17:09,479 Speaker 1: who agreed to help facilitate the assassination. Whether or not 243 00:17:09,600 --> 00:17:13,040 Speaker 1: the three students formerly became members of the Black Hand 244 00:17:13,200 --> 00:17:16,560 Speaker 1: is still debated, but historians do agree that the Black 245 00:17:16,600 --> 00:17:21,200 Speaker 1: Hand facilitated their work, providing them with weapons and transport, 246 00:17:21,400 --> 00:17:24,640 Speaker 1: and connecting them with another group of would be assassins 247 00:17:24,680 --> 00:17:30,600 Speaker 1: who joined their band, Mohammed Mehmed bask Danilo Ilivic, Vasso Kuberlovik, 248 00:17:30,720 --> 00:17:34,960 Speaker 1: and Svetko Popovic. The last two were high school students. 249 00:17:35,760 --> 00:17:40,320 Speaker 1: After a complicated series of train and boat trips punctuated 250 00:17:40,359 --> 00:17:44,200 Speaker 1: by border crossings, all seven men made it to Sarajevo, 251 00:17:44,680 --> 00:17:48,560 Speaker 1: and by the morning of June twenty eighth had received 252 00:17:48,680 --> 00:17:53,000 Speaker 1: their weapons. They were all prepared to kill or be 253 00:17:53,160 --> 00:17:58,640 Speaker 1: killed while the men who were planning on killing them assembled. 254 00:17:58,880 --> 00:18:03,199 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand, Sophie his wife were praying in the makeshift 255 00:18:03,320 --> 00:18:07,960 Speaker 1: chapel at the Hotel Bosna. It was the fourteenth anniversary 256 00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:11,560 Speaker 1: of the day Franz Ferdinand had sworn his oath of renunciation, 257 00:18:11,880 --> 00:18:15,280 Speaker 1: which allowed him to marry Sophie. The couple had written 258 00:18:15,320 --> 00:18:18,960 Speaker 1: a telegram to their children that morning saying that quote 259 00:18:19,280 --> 00:18:23,879 Speaker 1: Papa and Mama looked forward to seeing them soon. The 260 00:18:23,960 --> 00:18:27,800 Speaker 1: couple were both dressed for a public appearance. Sophie wore 261 00:18:27,840 --> 00:18:31,040 Speaker 1: a white silk summer dress and a matching white hat 262 00:18:31,240 --> 00:18:36,600 Speaker 1: resplendent with ostrich feathers and an ermine stole. Franz Ferdinand 263 00:18:36,760 --> 00:18:40,040 Speaker 1: was dressed in the uniform of an Austrian cavalry general, 264 00:18:40,440 --> 00:18:43,600 Speaker 1: his black pants tucked into black leather boots and his 265 00:18:43,680 --> 00:18:47,800 Speaker 1: blue tunic ornamented by gold epaulets. His hat in the 266 00:18:47,880 --> 00:18:51,560 Speaker 1: style of the day was draped in peacock feathers. The 267 00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:54,120 Speaker 1: white lace parasol that he held at his side might 268 00:18:54,160 --> 00:18:57,359 Speaker 1: have looked incongruous with his military outfit, but he was 269 00:18:57,440 --> 00:19:00,600 Speaker 1: holding it for his wife. A train took them from 270 00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:04,199 Speaker 1: their hotel outside of the city into Sarajevo, where they 271 00:19:04,200 --> 00:19:07,720 Speaker 1: were met by Governor General Potioric and the Sarajevo Mayor. 272 00:19:08,200 --> 00:19:11,840 Speaker 1: The entourage continued on to the Philippovic Barracks, and then 273 00:19:11,880 --> 00:19:15,240 Speaker 1: they all proceeded to the motorcade waiting for them. It 274 00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:18,520 Speaker 1: was then that an error occurred, the first in a 275 00:19:18,640 --> 00:19:22,720 Speaker 1: fatal series of errors that would define the day. The 276 00:19:22,920 --> 00:19:26,119 Speaker 1: Archduke and Archduchess had traveled to the city with a 277 00:19:26,200 --> 00:19:29,399 Speaker 1: small group of special security officers who were meant to 278 00:19:29,520 --> 00:19:32,200 Speaker 1: ride in the first car of the motorcade, But when 279 00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:35,280 Speaker 1: they tried to enter the car outside the barracks, four 280 00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:38,880 Speaker 1: local police officers insisted that the car had been reserved 281 00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:42,639 Speaker 1: for local use only, and they filled the car. The 282 00:19:42,720 --> 00:19:46,600 Speaker 1: elite team of guards brought to Sarajevo specifically to protect 283 00:19:46,600 --> 00:19:51,119 Speaker 1: the couple were left behind at the barracks. The motorcade 284 00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:54,840 Speaker 1: progressed along the Appell Quay, The sun beat down on 285 00:19:54,920 --> 00:19:58,119 Speaker 1: the heads of friends Fernand and Sophie, who sat in 286 00:19:58,200 --> 00:20:02,200 Speaker 1: an open topped convertible from a fortress above the city. 287 00:20:02,359 --> 00:20:06,720 Speaker 1: A twenty four cannon salute sounded, the booms echoing across 288 00:20:06,760 --> 00:20:09,399 Speaker 1: the hills and mixing with the noise of the crowd, 289 00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:12,600 Speaker 1: who called out Zivio, long may he live as the 290 00:20:12,720 --> 00:20:16,959 Speaker 1: Archduke came into view. Unbeknownst to those in the motorcade, 291 00:20:17,119 --> 00:20:21,560 Speaker 1: they had already escaped. Too would be assassins Vasso Kuberlovik 292 00:20:21,600 --> 00:20:24,600 Speaker 1: and Mohammed mement Basic, both of whom had lost their 293 00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:28,280 Speaker 1: nerve and failed to shoot when the motorcade passed. They 294 00:20:28,320 --> 00:20:31,439 Speaker 1: would not get so lucky a third time. As the 295 00:20:31,520 --> 00:20:36,280 Speaker 1: cars drew near the Kumerjah Bridge, Nedelko Kabrinovich drew a 296 00:20:36,320 --> 00:20:40,160 Speaker 1: grenade from his pocket, banged it sharply against the lamp 297 00:20:40,160 --> 00:20:43,560 Speaker 1: post to dislodge the cap, and hurled it at the Archduke. 298 00:20:44,119 --> 00:20:47,560 Speaker 1: Leopold Loochka, the driver of the Archduke's car, was the 299 00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:50,400 Speaker 1: first to spot the black shape flying through the air, 300 00:20:50,640 --> 00:20:55,440 Speaker 1: and he acted on reflex, accelerating sharply. Franz Ferdinand threw 301 00:20:55,520 --> 00:20:59,320 Speaker 1: up his arms to shield Sophy. The bomb arched closer, 302 00:20:59,560 --> 00:21:03,919 Speaker 1: but because reaction proved crucial, the bomb missed most of 303 00:21:03,960 --> 00:21:07,600 Speaker 1: the car, hitting the lower top of the convertible and 304 00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:11,719 Speaker 1: rolling to the ground, detonating beneath the next car, sending 305 00:21:11,760 --> 00:21:14,680 Speaker 1: shrapnel flying and leaving a hole in the road half 306 00:21:14,680 --> 00:21:19,960 Speaker 1: a foot deep. Miraculously, no one died. Two officers suffered 307 00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:23,680 Speaker 1: superficial wounds, as had one of Sophie's ladies in waiting. 308 00:21:24,200 --> 00:21:26,600 Speaker 1: Sophie had been grazed on the shoulder blade by a 309 00:21:26,600 --> 00:21:29,600 Speaker 1: piece of shrapnel. Twenty or so members of the crowd 310 00:21:29,680 --> 00:21:34,640 Speaker 1: had also been injured. Determined to martyr himself, Cabernovic ran 311 00:21:34,760 --> 00:21:38,040 Speaker 1: towards the river and leapt off the twenty six foot 312 00:21:38,119 --> 00:21:41,560 Speaker 1: high bank. All this got him, though, was a painful 313 00:21:41,680 --> 00:21:46,320 Speaker 1: landing in the nearly dry river bed. On his way down, 314 00:21:46,400 --> 00:21:50,119 Speaker 1: he had swallowed a cyanide pill, but the poison seemed 315 00:21:50,160 --> 00:21:54,280 Speaker 1: to have lost its potency, and Cabernovic, still alive, was 316 00:21:54,400 --> 00:21:59,560 Speaker 1: quickly seized by the crowd. Maintaining his composure, Franz Ferdinand, 317 00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:03,399 Speaker 1: after being assured that no one was critically injured, ordered 318 00:22:03,400 --> 00:22:07,000 Speaker 1: that the motor kid proceed onto the town hall. Come on, 319 00:22:07,320 --> 00:22:10,760 Speaker 1: he calmly said to his entourage. The fellow is insane, 320 00:22:11,440 --> 00:22:14,280 Speaker 1: but by the time they reached the town hall, his 321 00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:17,960 Speaker 1: fear and anger had grown. As the Mayor began his 322 00:22:18,040 --> 00:22:22,800 Speaker 1: prepared welcome remarks, the Archduke loudly interrupted him, saying, I 323 00:22:22,920 --> 00:22:26,600 Speaker 1: come to Sarajevo and I'm greeted with bombs. It is outrageous. 324 00:22:27,280 --> 00:22:31,240 Speaker 1: Sophie took his arm and whispered in his ear, calming him. 325 00:22:31,280 --> 00:22:34,879 Speaker 1: After an awkward moment, Franz Ferdinand gestured for the Mayor 326 00:22:34,960 --> 00:22:39,080 Speaker 1: to continue, saying, now you may speak. When the Mayor, 327 00:22:39,280 --> 00:22:44,080 Speaker 1: thrown off stride, finally completed his faltering speech, Franz Ferdinand 328 00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:47,080 Speaker 1: turned to reply, only to find that the draft of 329 00:22:47,119 --> 00:22:50,040 Speaker 1: his own speech had been soaked by the blood of 330 00:22:50,080 --> 00:22:54,240 Speaker 1: one of his injured men. Undaunted, he spoke a few lines, 331 00:22:54,560 --> 00:22:57,760 Speaker 1: even add living a reference to recent events, thanking the 332 00:22:57,840 --> 00:23:01,159 Speaker 1: mayor for the quote expressions of pleasure made by the 333 00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:05,560 Speaker 1: sara Avans, quote over the failure of the assassination attempts, 334 00:23:05,600 --> 00:23:09,440 Speaker 1: concluding with a passage and Serbo Croatian, an impressive feat 335 00:23:09,560 --> 00:23:13,399 Speaker 1: for the Archduke was almost comically bad at languages. Franz 336 00:23:13,440 --> 00:23:17,120 Speaker 1: Ferdinand said, quote, I ask you to give my heartiest 337 00:23:17,160 --> 00:23:20,800 Speaker 1: greetings to the population of this beautiful capital city, and 338 00:23:20,880 --> 00:23:25,919 Speaker 1: I assure you of my unchangeable grace and kindness. The 339 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:28,520 Speaker 1: second he was out of the public eye, though all 340 00:23:28,600 --> 00:23:34,280 Speaker 1: traces of grace evaporated. After learning of Kabranovitch's capture, Franz 341 00:23:34,280 --> 00:23:38,400 Speaker 1: Ferdinand spat, just watch instead of rendering the fellow harmless, 342 00:23:38,400 --> 00:23:40,600 Speaker 1: they will be truly Austrian about it all and give 343 00:23:40,640 --> 00:23:45,600 Speaker 1: him a medal. Pulling poteoric aside, he angrily inquired, do 344 00:23:45,640 --> 00:23:47,960 Speaker 1: you think any more attempts are going to be made 345 00:23:47,960 --> 00:23:52,320 Speaker 1: against me today? Go at ease, Potriarch said, I accept 346 00:23:52,480 --> 00:23:57,400 Speaker 1: all responsibility, but of course things were not that simple. 347 00:23:57,960 --> 00:24:01,880 Speaker 1: Debate broke out over how best to proceed. Franz Ferdinand 348 00:24:01,920 --> 00:24:04,119 Speaker 1: wished to visit those injured in the bombing at the 349 00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:07,440 Speaker 1: local hospital, and it was decided that the motorcaide would 350 00:24:07,440 --> 00:24:10,040 Speaker 1: return to the appeal Quay, which would allow them to 351 00:24:10,119 --> 00:24:13,320 Speaker 1: travel at high speeds on a straight path to the hospital. 352 00:24:14,520 --> 00:24:18,080 Speaker 1: Sophie was not scheduled for any further official business, and 353 00:24:18,280 --> 00:24:21,960 Speaker 1: various members of the party discouraged her from continuing on 354 00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:25,600 Speaker 1: as long as the Archduke shows himself in public today, 355 00:24:25,680 --> 00:24:28,480 Speaker 1: she said, to an aid, I will not leave him. 356 00:24:28,520 --> 00:24:32,240 Speaker 1: Even Franz Ferdinand could not persuade her. No, Franzie, she 357 00:24:32,320 --> 00:24:35,919 Speaker 1: said to have told him, I'm going with you. The 358 00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:39,680 Speaker 1: original itinerary for the visit had had Franz Ferdinand going 359 00:24:39,800 --> 00:24:42,840 Speaker 1: from the town hall to the museum, traveling down the 360 00:24:42,840 --> 00:24:46,640 Speaker 1: Appell Quay before taking a right onto Franz Joseph Strauss. 361 00:24:47,320 --> 00:24:50,639 Speaker 1: Under the new plan, the motorcade would pass Franz Joseph 362 00:24:50,680 --> 00:24:53,800 Speaker 1: Strauss and speed further along the quay before turning onto 363 00:24:53,880 --> 00:24:57,200 Speaker 1: a leader street, which would lead directly to the hospital. 364 00:24:57,760 --> 00:25:01,639 Speaker 1: The remaining assassins knew that the archduke excitinerary was likely 365 00:25:01,680 --> 00:25:05,000 Speaker 1: to change following the failed attempt earlier in the day, 366 00:25:05,040 --> 00:25:07,520 Speaker 1: but they could only guess at how, and so they 367 00:25:07,560 --> 00:25:10,119 Speaker 1: took up a variety of positions along the quay and 368 00:25:10,200 --> 00:25:13,760 Speaker 1: its side streets, ready to strike if the now very 369 00:25:13,840 --> 00:25:19,959 Speaker 1: unlikely chance presented itself. At ten am, the royal party 370 00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:23,840 Speaker 1: returned to their cars. After helping Franz Ferdinand and Sophie 371 00:25:23,840 --> 00:25:27,000 Speaker 1: into their car. Count Franz von Harrick, a close friend 372 00:25:27,040 --> 00:25:30,600 Speaker 1: and military adjunct of the Archdukes, took up a position 373 00:25:30,720 --> 00:25:33,359 Speaker 1: on the running board. If anyone was going to make 374 00:25:33,400 --> 00:25:36,880 Speaker 1: another attempt from the quay, Herrick recounted, thinking I can 375 00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:40,399 Speaker 1: shield him with my body. The motorcide roared off at 376 00:25:40,480 --> 00:25:44,119 Speaker 1: high speed, passing one assassin triff go grabs before he 377 00:25:44,200 --> 00:25:47,320 Speaker 1: even had time to react. In the first car was 378 00:25:47,359 --> 00:25:50,680 Speaker 1: the Chief Detective, in the second, the Chief of Police 379 00:25:50,720 --> 00:25:55,320 Speaker 1: and Mayor. In the third Franz Ferdinand, Sophie and Potiorek, 380 00:25:55,760 --> 00:25:58,760 Speaker 1: with Herrick on the running board. It was at the 381 00:25:58,840 --> 00:26:02,879 Speaker 1: corner of Franz Joseph Strauss that the second error was made. 382 00:26:03,440 --> 00:26:06,520 Speaker 1: It's unclear whether the driver of the first car had 383 00:26:06,520 --> 00:26:09,480 Speaker 1: not been informed of the change in plans or had 384 00:26:09,520 --> 00:26:13,360 Speaker 1: forgotten about them. Either way, instead of continuing straight down 385 00:26:13,400 --> 00:26:17,920 Speaker 1: the Apple, the first car turned right. The second car followed, 386 00:26:18,040 --> 00:26:20,919 Speaker 1: passing under a twelve foot sign shaped like a bottle 387 00:26:20,960 --> 00:26:25,040 Speaker 1: of wine marking morn Schiller's Delicatessen, and though no one 388 00:26:25,119 --> 00:26:28,440 Speaker 1: knew it yet, coming within feet of a young man 389 00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:31,399 Speaker 1: who had nearly given up on his plans for terror. 390 00:26:31,760 --> 00:26:36,280 Speaker 1: Gavrilo Princip, the driver of the second car, had instinctively 391 00:26:36,359 --> 00:26:40,720 Speaker 1: followed the first, heading down Franz Joseph Strauss. The cars 392 00:26:40,720 --> 00:26:43,440 Speaker 1: were moving at such a high speed that it's unlikely 393 00:26:43,480 --> 00:26:46,320 Speaker 1: that Prince Sip or any other would be assassin could 394 00:26:46,359 --> 00:26:49,959 Speaker 1: have successfully aimed a gun or a bomb. But that 395 00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:54,320 Speaker 1: didn't matter, because it was then that the third error occurred. 396 00:26:55,520 --> 00:26:59,719 Speaker 1: Seeing the first two cars erroneously turned, Poteoric in the 397 00:26:59,720 --> 00:27:03,600 Speaker 1: third car loudly shouted, what is this Stop, You're going 398 00:27:03,640 --> 00:27:06,400 Speaker 1: the wrong way. We ought to go viap al Quai, 399 00:27:07,040 --> 00:27:11,680 Speaker 1: instead of joining his companions and speeding down. Franz Joseph Strass, 400 00:27:11,720 --> 00:27:15,320 Speaker 1: the driver of the third car, Leopold Lochka, who's quick 401 00:27:15,359 --> 00:27:18,639 Speaker 1: thinking earlier in the morning had saved his passengers from bomb, 402 00:27:18,960 --> 00:27:22,720 Speaker 1: breaked hard in front of the delicatessen. It took several 403 00:27:22,760 --> 00:27:25,840 Speaker 1: seconds for him to shift the car into reverse, and 404 00:27:25,920 --> 00:27:29,920 Speaker 1: in those few seconds Gavrillo Princip looked up and saw, 405 00:27:30,400 --> 00:27:33,160 Speaker 1: as if in a vision, the man he had come 406 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:37,439 Speaker 1: to kill, sitting only a few feet from him. The 407 00:27:37,560 --> 00:27:40,560 Speaker 1: night before, Princip had laid flowers on the grave of 408 00:27:40,560 --> 00:27:44,159 Speaker 1: a man named Bogdan Zerjik, a Serb who in n 409 00:27:45,280 --> 00:27:49,359 Speaker 1: had attempted to kill the current Governor General's predecessor. His 410 00:27:49,440 --> 00:27:54,040 Speaker 1: attempt having failed, Zerjik committed suicide, becoming a martyr in 411 00:27:54,119 --> 00:27:58,400 Speaker 1: death for the cause of Serb independence. Princip found himself 412 00:27:58,480 --> 00:28:01,919 Speaker 1: drawn back again and again to the grave site in 413 00:28:01,960 --> 00:28:06,280 Speaker 1: the days before the assassination, soaking up the revolutionary ardor 414 00:28:06,440 --> 00:28:10,600 Speaker 1: of Zarazak, who, like Princip's childhood hero the medieval night 415 00:28:10,680 --> 00:28:14,159 Speaker 1: milosh Obelik, had been willing to fight and die for 416 00:28:14,240 --> 00:28:18,720 Speaker 1: his cause. Now it was Prince Sip's turn, summoning his courage, 417 00:28:19,040 --> 00:28:23,000 Speaker 1: stoking his anger. Feeling his ancestors beside him, he drew 418 00:28:23,080 --> 00:28:27,280 Speaker 1: his pistol and fired once and then again at Archduke 419 00:28:27,440 --> 00:28:32,200 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand. No one quite knew what had happened By 420 00:28:32,200 --> 00:28:36,840 Speaker 1: the delicatessen. The crowd swarmed Princip and attacked him. Prince 421 00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:40,560 Speaker 1: SIPs swallowed a cyanide pill, but as with Kebernovis, it 422 00:28:40,680 --> 00:28:45,120 Speaker 1: had no effect. The driver lookya frantically, turned the car 423 00:28:45,160 --> 00:28:48,080 Speaker 1: around and sped back down the quay. It was only 424 00:28:48,160 --> 00:28:51,040 Speaker 1: then that those in the car could pause and take stock. 425 00:28:51,440 --> 00:28:55,200 Speaker 1: Only then that Count von Herrick saw the thin trickle 426 00:28:55,320 --> 00:28:59,760 Speaker 1: of blood leaking from Franz Ferdinand's mouth. Sophie turned to 427 00:28:59,800 --> 00:29:03,240 Speaker 1: look at her husband, screaming, for God's sake, what has happened? 428 00:29:03,280 --> 00:29:06,480 Speaker 1: To you. She fainted onto his lap in what the 429 00:29:06,480 --> 00:29:10,600 Speaker 1: others thought was shocked. Franz Ferdinand, looking down at his 430 00:29:10,680 --> 00:29:14,240 Speaker 1: beloved wife, cried out, so frall, so frall, don't die, 431 00:29:14,720 --> 00:29:18,960 Speaker 1: stay alive for our children. Hart grabbed the Archduke's coat 432 00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:22,920 Speaker 1: collar and shook him. Blood sprayed from the Archduke's mouth 433 00:29:23,040 --> 00:29:26,320 Speaker 1: onto the count's cheek. Is your highness in great pain? 434 00:29:26,600 --> 00:29:30,640 Speaker 1: He asked? It is nothing, friends, Ferdinand said, repeating at 435 00:29:30,680 --> 00:29:34,360 Speaker 1: six or seven times, his face growing paler and his 436 00:29:34,440 --> 00:29:38,280 Speaker 1: words growing fainter with each utterance. It is nothing, It 437 00:29:38,400 --> 00:29:45,000 Speaker 1: is nothing, And then he too fell into unconsciousness. Neither 438 00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:49,560 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand nor Sophie would wake again. A bullet had 439 00:29:49,640 --> 00:29:53,320 Speaker 1: hit Sophie's right side, running through her body, and she 440 00:29:53,480 --> 00:29:56,680 Speaker 1: died in the car. Before they could reach the Governor's residence, 441 00:29:57,320 --> 00:30:00,160 Speaker 1: Franz Ferdinand was carried to a bed at the resident end. 442 00:30:00,680 --> 00:30:04,440 Speaker 1: After struggling to unclasp his collar, they cut open the 443 00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:09,400 Speaker 1: Archduke's tunic with a saber. The Archduke's bare chest revealed 444 00:30:09,440 --> 00:30:11,800 Speaker 1: a gold chain that he had hung with seven good 445 00:30:11,840 --> 00:30:15,200 Speaker 1: luck charms, and it revealed a bullet hole in his 446 00:30:15,280 --> 00:30:19,200 Speaker 1: neck just above his right collar bone. When they tried 447 00:30:19,240 --> 00:30:22,200 Speaker 1: to lift him, blood spurted from his mouth on to 448 00:30:22,280 --> 00:30:24,920 Speaker 1: the men around him and the walls of the chamber. 449 00:30:25,560 --> 00:30:30,480 Speaker 1: By eleven thirty am, he too was gone. Days later, 450 00:30:30,680 --> 00:30:33,400 Speaker 1: when she said goodbye to her parents for the last time, 451 00:30:33,760 --> 00:30:38,400 Speaker 1: little Sophie, their daughter only thirteen, said quote, God wanted 452 00:30:38,440 --> 00:30:41,000 Speaker 1: Mommy and Poppy to join him at the same time. 453 00:30:41,440 --> 00:30:44,800 Speaker 1: It's best that they died together, because Poppy couldn't live 454 00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:48,600 Speaker 1: without Mommy, and Mommy could not have gone on without Poppy. 455 00:30:49,400 --> 00:30:52,640 Speaker 1: Sophie and friends Ferdinand had died as they had lived. 456 00:30:52,960 --> 00:30:56,040 Speaker 1: Their final thoughts, even as they faced death, were for 457 00:30:56,240 --> 00:30:59,479 Speaker 1: each other. They did not speak of war or of peace, 458 00:30:59,600 --> 00:31:02,920 Speaker 1: as the rest of the continent soon would, of ultimatums, 459 00:31:02,960 --> 00:31:07,680 Speaker 1: of negotiations, of threats, or of treaties. Though they represented 460 00:31:07,680 --> 00:31:12,040 Speaker 1: an empire, though they wore its uniforms and symbolized its 461 00:31:12,080 --> 00:31:15,479 Speaker 1: feats and its follies, in the end, they were simply 462 00:31:15,560 --> 00:31:18,280 Speaker 1: a man and a woman who had lived for one another, 463 00:31:18,760 --> 00:31:21,840 Speaker 1: but who would be remembered for their deaths and how 464 00:31:21,880 --> 00:31:29,040 Speaker 1: those deaths would change the world. What happens next is complicated, 465 00:31:29,160 --> 00:31:31,920 Speaker 1: and we will get to the political maneuvering that leads 466 00:31:31,960 --> 00:31:34,760 Speaker 1: to the outbreak of World War One later in that summer. 467 00:31:35,160 --> 00:31:37,600 Speaker 1: But for now, I think it's worth taking just another 468 00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:41,560 Speaker 1: moment to focus on the Archduke, Sophie and the assassin. 469 00:31:42,080 --> 00:31:45,720 Speaker 1: Even in death, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie were not treated 470 00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:49,680 Speaker 1: as equals. Faced with mounting and violent evidence that the 471 00:31:49,680 --> 00:31:52,600 Speaker 1: world was becoming hostile to their way of life, the 472 00:31:52,640 --> 00:31:56,680 Speaker 1: Hapsburg chose to respond to the assassination by doubling down 473 00:31:56,800 --> 00:32:01,680 Speaker 1: on everything that made the hapsburgs. Hapsburgs. Emperor Franz Joseph 474 00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:05,040 Speaker 1: led the funeral planning along with his Lord High Chamberlain 475 00:32:05,160 --> 00:32:09,480 Speaker 1: Alfred de Montinovo, architect of so many of Sophy's humiliations 476 00:32:09,520 --> 00:32:14,480 Speaker 1: in life. The two men retained their stubborn, snobby insistence 477 00:32:14,560 --> 00:32:20,160 Speaker 1: on protocol. The resulting funeral quote so startlingly simple, so 478 00:32:20,320 --> 00:32:23,440 Speaker 1: insulting to the feelings of a grieving people. As the 479 00:32:23,520 --> 00:32:26,440 Speaker 1: Vienna Reich's post put it was the first time that 480 00:32:26,520 --> 00:32:29,520 Speaker 1: an heir to the Austrian throne had been denied a 481 00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:33,760 Speaker 1: state funeral. No foreign dignitaries were invited to attend, nor 482 00:32:33,840 --> 00:32:37,840 Speaker 1: were any members of the military. The Emperor and Montenuovo 483 00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:42,800 Speaker 1: even banned the couple's three children from attending the funeral service, because, 484 00:32:43,280 --> 00:32:46,640 Speaker 1: in the chilly logic of the Habsburgs, the descendants of 485 00:32:46,640 --> 00:32:50,560 Speaker 1: a Morganatic marriage were not worthy of mourning alongside the 486 00:32:50,680 --> 00:32:56,200 Speaker 1: full blooded members of the imperial family. The slapdash, insulting 487 00:32:56,320 --> 00:32:59,560 Speaker 1: nature of the funeral arrangements were not lost even on 488 00:32:59,680 --> 00:33:03,440 Speaker 1: the stray and nobility and resentment toward the Emperor and 489 00:33:03,640 --> 00:33:07,920 Speaker 1: Montenuovo began to grow. At the final procession of the 490 00:33:07,960 --> 00:33:11,720 Speaker 1: couple's coffins to the train station, the anger bubbled over 491 00:33:11,840 --> 00:33:15,480 Speaker 1: and led to revolt, albeit revolt in the more muted 492 00:33:15,560 --> 00:33:19,560 Speaker 1: style of the aristocracy. Monte Nuovo had requested that no 493 00:33:19,760 --> 00:33:23,600 Speaker 1: members of the nobility joined this final procession, but fed 494 00:33:23,720 --> 00:33:27,560 Speaker 1: up a hundred aristocrats, counting among their number members of 495 00:33:27,560 --> 00:33:32,080 Speaker 1: the most prominent families in the Empire, spontaneously joined on foot, 496 00:33:32,440 --> 00:33:37,080 Speaker 1: marching behind the coffins. After an additional service at the 497 00:33:37,120 --> 00:33:40,200 Speaker 1: Habsburg's home in Austria, where the family had spent so 498 00:33:40,280 --> 00:33:44,600 Speaker 1: many summers, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie were finally laid to 499 00:33:44,680 --> 00:33:48,680 Speaker 1: rest in a pair of identical white marble tombs, each 500 00:33:48,720 --> 00:33:53,120 Speaker 1: bearing the same inscription in Latin. Joined in marriage. They 501 00:33:53,160 --> 00:33:59,120 Speaker 1: were joined by the same fate, and what of Gavrilo 502 00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:03,320 Speaker 1: Princip and his fellow co conspirators. Of the seven men 503 00:34:03,440 --> 00:34:06,640 Speaker 1: who had waited along the main street to kill the archduke, 504 00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:11,719 Speaker 1: only one would escape. Mohammed memed Basic fled into Montenegro, 505 00:34:11,960 --> 00:34:15,280 Speaker 1: whose government refused to extradite him to Austria for trial. 506 00:34:15,680 --> 00:34:19,160 Speaker 1: He would live until nineteen forty three, when members of 507 00:34:19,160 --> 00:34:22,520 Speaker 1: a Croatian fascist group killed him during World War Two. 508 00:34:23,280 --> 00:34:26,600 Speaker 1: Princip and Cabernovic had both been arrested on the day 509 00:34:26,640 --> 00:34:30,480 Speaker 1: of the assassination, and both were interrogated by the authorities 510 00:34:30,600 --> 00:34:34,480 Speaker 1: for days about the plot. Both denied the involvement of 511 00:34:34,520 --> 00:34:38,480 Speaker 1: the Black Hand, hoping to protect their network. However, after 512 00:34:38,560 --> 00:34:42,359 Speaker 1: their remaining co conspirators were rounded up and arrested, more 513 00:34:42,440 --> 00:34:47,040 Speaker 1: of the story began to emerge. In October nineteen fourteen, 514 00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:52,200 Speaker 1: six men went to trial. Under the Bosnian constitution, only 515 00:34:52,239 --> 00:34:55,200 Speaker 1: those over the age of twenty could receive the death penalty, 516 00:34:55,520 --> 00:34:59,040 Speaker 1: and four of the six defendants were still teenagers. For 517 00:34:59,160 --> 00:35:01,680 Speaker 1: some of the men, who had dreamed of martyrdom for 518 00:35:01,719 --> 00:35:05,120 Speaker 1: the cause, this was disappointing, but they made the best 519 00:35:05,160 --> 00:35:09,280 Speaker 1: of it. Defiantly declaring the righteousness of their actions in courts. 520 00:35:09,680 --> 00:35:12,520 Speaker 1: I do not feel like a criminal, Prince Ship said, 521 00:35:12,560 --> 00:35:14,920 Speaker 1: because I put away the one who was doing evil. 522 00:35:15,760 --> 00:35:19,800 Speaker 1: Graves called the assassination quote one of the greatest works 523 00:35:19,800 --> 00:35:23,600 Speaker 1: in history. Only Keebernovic, who had thrown the bomb that 524 00:35:23,640 --> 00:35:28,640 Speaker 1: had nearly killed Franz Ferdinand, first expressed remorse. All of us, 525 00:35:28,680 --> 00:35:32,720 Speaker 1: he said on the stand, nevertheless feel very sorry because 526 00:35:32,719 --> 00:35:35,279 Speaker 1: we did not know the late Franz Ferdinand was the 527 00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:38,640 Speaker 1: father of a family. We were greatly touched by the 528 00:35:38,719 --> 00:35:41,760 Speaker 1: last words, he uttered to his wife. I humbly submit 529 00:35:41,840 --> 00:35:44,880 Speaker 1: my apologies to the children of the heir apparent and 530 00:35:44,920 --> 00:35:48,680 Speaker 1: asked them to forgive us. Amidst all the political talk, 531 00:35:48,840 --> 00:35:52,319 Speaker 1: it was a shocking reminder of the personal aspect of 532 00:35:52,360 --> 00:35:56,200 Speaker 1: it all. Princip was not pleased and stood up, shouting 533 00:35:56,239 --> 00:36:00,280 Speaker 1: that Kebernovic did not speak for him. On October to twenty, 534 00:36:00,760 --> 00:36:05,920 Speaker 1: sentences were handed down. Popovic received thirteen years in prison, Princip, 535 00:36:06,040 --> 00:36:10,480 Speaker 1: Kebernovic and Grabs twenty, and Ilik and Kuberlovic were sentenced 536 00:36:10,480 --> 00:36:13,640 Speaker 1: to death by hanging. Nearly all of the men had 537 00:36:13,640 --> 00:36:18,040 Speaker 1: been suffering from tuberculosis even before the assassination and the 538 00:36:18,120 --> 00:36:21,680 Speaker 1: conditions in prison did not help. One by one, over 539 00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:25,279 Speaker 1: the next several years, they began to die. Kabernovich was 540 00:36:25,320 --> 00:36:27,880 Speaker 1: the first to go, but before he died, he was 541 00:36:27,960 --> 00:36:32,160 Speaker 1: the recipient of a profound act of forgiveness too of France. 542 00:36:32,200 --> 00:36:36,560 Speaker 1: Ferdinand and Sophie's children. Little Sophie and Max, having heard 543 00:36:36,640 --> 00:36:39,880 Speaker 1: about his statements of remorse and his apology in court, 544 00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:43,120 Speaker 1: wrote him a letter telling him that his conscience could 545 00:36:43,160 --> 00:36:46,160 Speaker 1: be at peace, for they forgave him for his part 546 00:36:46,239 --> 00:36:50,239 Speaker 1: in the death of their parents. Princip himself died in 547 00:36:50,360 --> 00:36:55,399 Speaker 1: April nine eighteen. His tuberculosis had become so grave that 548 00:36:55,480 --> 00:36:58,840 Speaker 1: at the time of his death, aged twenty three, he 549 00:36:59,000 --> 00:37:02,680 Speaker 1: weighed only nine indep pounds. He had lived to see 550 00:37:02,760 --> 00:37:07,000 Speaker 1: his actions spark a deadly World war, far beyond what 551 00:37:07,120 --> 00:37:09,759 Speaker 1: he had expected, but he would not live to see 552 00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:17,799 Speaker 1: it end. He died eight months before Armistice. How exactly 553 00:37:17,880 --> 00:37:21,359 Speaker 1: did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand spark World War One? 554 00:37:21,920 --> 00:37:24,480 Speaker 1: Join me on a journey back to your high school 555 00:37:24,520 --> 00:37:29,200 Speaker 1: history class to review the falling dominoes. After the assassination 556 00:37:29,400 --> 00:37:33,560 Speaker 1: on June, those in the Austrian government who wanted war 557 00:37:33,640 --> 00:37:39,480 Speaker 1: with Serbia, including Franz Ferdinand's old nemesis, Conrad, saw an opportunity. 558 00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:43,680 Speaker 1: He organized a meeting with the German ambassador to ensure 559 00:37:43,840 --> 00:37:47,840 Speaker 1: that Germans would support the Austrians should war be declared. 560 00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:51,759 Speaker 1: The German ambassador was reluctant, but he sent a telegram 561 00:37:51,800 --> 00:37:55,400 Speaker 1: to Kaiser Wilhelm the Second informing him of the conversation. 562 00:37:56,200 --> 00:38:00,640 Speaker 1: The Kaiser was profoundly affected by the assassination, furious and 563 00:38:00,719 --> 00:38:05,040 Speaker 1: grief stricken, and sent back a reply containing, among other things, 564 00:38:05,520 --> 00:38:10,480 Speaker 1: one fateful line, the Serbs must be sorted and that 565 00:38:10,640 --> 00:38:15,520 Speaker 1: right soon. The Austrians had the encouragement they needed, which 566 00:38:15,560 --> 00:38:19,360 Speaker 1: was only solidified by the so called blank Check, a 567 00:38:19,400 --> 00:38:22,279 Speaker 1: guarantee delivered by a German count on behalf of the 568 00:38:22,360 --> 00:38:27,880 Speaker 1: Kaiser that Germany would support Austria unconditionally. A month of 569 00:38:27,960 --> 00:38:32,080 Speaker 1: secret discussions between the two governments ensued as they decided 570 00:38:32,120 --> 00:38:36,280 Speaker 1: to pursue war. They realized that any threat against Serbia 571 00:38:36,480 --> 00:38:40,600 Speaker 1: would probably be seen as a threat against Serbia's ally Russia, 572 00:38:40,960 --> 00:38:43,680 Speaker 1: but this was not necessarily seen as a bad thing. 573 00:38:44,120 --> 00:38:47,600 Speaker 1: It might be the chance Germany and Austria Hungary needed 574 00:38:47,719 --> 00:38:52,200 Speaker 1: to weaken Russia and her allies, and Wilhelm was all 575 00:38:52,280 --> 00:38:55,960 Speaker 1: too happy to challenge his first cousin, the Czar of Russia. 576 00:38:59,760 --> 00:39:04,280 Speaker 1: At six pm on July, the Austrian minister in Serbia 577 00:39:04,440 --> 00:39:08,400 Speaker 1: delivered an ultimatum to Serbia with a forty eight hour deadline. 578 00:39:08,760 --> 00:39:13,720 Speaker 1: The ultimatum contained ten demands. Two days later, Serves released 579 00:39:13,760 --> 00:39:17,400 Speaker 1: a statement agreeing to nearly all of the demands, a 580 00:39:17,480 --> 00:39:21,520 Speaker 1: response that was seen by most as diplomatic and conciliatory. 581 00:39:21,640 --> 00:39:24,520 Speaker 1: What the Serbian government did not know, though, was that 582 00:39:24,560 --> 00:39:28,680 Speaker 1: the minister had been instructed quote. However, the Serbs react 583 00:39:28,800 --> 00:39:32,200 Speaker 1: to the ultimatum, you must break off relations and it 584 00:39:32,360 --> 00:39:36,319 Speaker 1: must come to war. Over the next five days, the 585 00:39:36,440 --> 00:39:40,160 Speaker 1: great powers of Europe scrambled both to avoid war and 586 00:39:40,280 --> 00:39:43,880 Speaker 1: to decide, should war come, whose side they would take. 587 00:39:44,520 --> 00:39:49,920 Speaker 1: On July, Austria declared war against Serbia and bombed Belgrade. 588 00:39:49,960 --> 00:39:54,600 Speaker 1: Two days later, on August one, Germany declared war on Russia, 589 00:39:54,920 --> 00:39:58,160 Speaker 1: then on France on August three, topping it all off 590 00:39:58,200 --> 00:40:03,719 Speaker 1: by invading neutral Belgium. Britain sent Germany an ultimatum withdraw 591 00:40:03,840 --> 00:40:07,040 Speaker 1: from neutral Belgium or we will enter the war. The 592 00:40:07,160 --> 00:40:12,319 Speaker 1: ultimatum rejected Britain declared war on Germany August four. It 593 00:40:12,480 --> 00:40:16,560 Speaker 1: was yet another family entanglement. King George the Fifth of 594 00:40:16,560 --> 00:40:20,840 Speaker 1: England was also a first cousin of the Czar and Kaiser. 595 00:40:21,960 --> 00:40:25,319 Speaker 1: By August twelfth, all of the major European powers had 596 00:40:25,320 --> 00:40:30,560 Speaker 1: configured into two alliances, the Allied Powers, which include France, Russia, 597 00:40:30,719 --> 00:40:34,399 Speaker 1: and Great Britain, among others, and the Central Powers, which 598 00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:38,640 Speaker 1: included Germany, Austria, Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire among others. 599 00:40:39,160 --> 00:40:42,120 Speaker 1: In the next four years, countries from around the world 600 00:40:42,200 --> 00:40:46,600 Speaker 1: would join, including Japan, China, and the United States. The 601 00:40:46,719 --> 00:40:50,759 Speaker 1: fighting would be unlike any scene before. More than eight 602 00:40:50,920 --> 00:40:55,160 Speaker 1: point five million soldiers would die, and it is estimated 603 00:40:55,480 --> 00:41:01,200 Speaker 1: thirteen million civilians. Franz Ferdinand and Sophie could not have 604 00:41:01,320 --> 00:41:04,880 Speaker 1: foreseen this, as they returned resolutely to their car, in 605 00:41:04,920 --> 00:41:08,800 Speaker 1: which they had already survived one assassination attempt that day. 606 00:41:08,960 --> 00:41:12,560 Speaker 1: Gavrillo princip could not have possibly known as the Archduke's 607 00:41:12,560 --> 00:41:15,440 Speaker 1: motor car breaked in front of him. What would happen 608 00:41:15,520 --> 00:41:18,839 Speaker 1: once he raised his pistol and fired. No one could 609 00:41:18,880 --> 00:41:22,440 Speaker 1: have seen it coming, could have glimpsed the monstrous specter 610 00:41:22,560 --> 00:41:25,759 Speaker 1: of death and destruction that lurched towards them that had 611 00:41:25,760 --> 00:41:29,160 Speaker 1: been summoned to Sarajevo by the chance meeting of the 612 00:41:29,280 --> 00:41:40,280 Speaker 1: Archduke and his assassin. That's the story of the assassination 613 00:41:40,360 --> 00:41:43,880 Speaker 1: of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. But keep listening after a brief 614 00:41:43,880 --> 00:41:46,919 Speaker 1: sponsor break to hear a little bit more about one 615 00:41:47,120 --> 00:42:00,880 Speaker 1: more tiny consequence. World War One was a glowable conflict, 616 00:42:00,960 --> 00:42:04,880 Speaker 1: inflamed by the close family relationships of the countries involved, 617 00:42:05,200 --> 00:42:09,200 Speaker 1: and some of those close family relations were slightly too 618 00:42:09,280 --> 00:42:12,880 Speaker 1: close for comfort. King George the fifth of England was 619 00:42:12,960 --> 00:42:16,280 Speaker 1: first cousins with both Czar Alexander the Second of Russia 620 00:42:16,520 --> 00:42:20,640 Speaker 1: and Kaiser Wilhelm. All three were grandchildren of Queen Victoria, 621 00:42:20,920 --> 00:42:24,600 Speaker 1: and they all shared a strong family resemblance. After the 622 00:42:24,680 --> 00:42:28,640 Speaker 1: outbreak of World War One, anti German sentiment was running 623 00:42:28,760 --> 00:42:32,799 Speaker 1: rampant in England. But go back a few generations and 624 00:42:33,040 --> 00:42:38,520 Speaker 1: recall that the British royal family was actually pretty German themselves. 625 00:42:39,160 --> 00:42:42,480 Speaker 1: It was because of that anti German sentiment that the 626 00:42:42,560 --> 00:42:46,799 Speaker 1: king decreed in June nineteen seventeen that their family name 627 00:42:46,920 --> 00:42:50,840 Speaker 1: would no longer be the incredibly German sounding Saxe cober 628 00:42:50,960 --> 00:42:54,839 Speaker 1: Gotha and would instead be the much more familiar and 629 00:42:55,040 --> 00:43:10,040 Speaker 1: much more English sounding windsor m M. Noble Blood is 630 00:43:10,080 --> 00:43:13,040 Speaker 1: a production of I Heart Radio and Grimm and Mild 631 00:43:13,080 --> 00:43:17,040 Speaker 1: from Aaron Mankey. Noble Blood is hosted by me Danish Wartz. 632 00:43:17,200 --> 00:43:21,440 Speaker 1: Additional writing and researching done by Hannah Johnston, hannah's Wick, 633 00:43:21,600 --> 00:43:25,840 Speaker 1: Mura Hayward, Courtney Sender, and Laurie Goodman. The show is 634 00:43:25,880 --> 00:43:30,560 Speaker 1: produced by Rema L. Kali, with supervising producer Josh Thain 635 00:43:30,960 --> 00:43:35,360 Speaker 1: and executive producers Aaron Mankey, Alex Williams, and Matt Frederick. 636 00:43:35,719 --> 00:43:38,680 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from I heart Radio, visit the I 637 00:43:38,840 --> 00:43:42,200 Speaker 1: heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to 638 00:43:42,200 --> 00:43:43,080 Speaker 1: your favorite shows.