WEBVTT - How to do Research Online 0:00:00.320 --> 0:00:02.960 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.240 --> 0:00:08.959 It's ready. Are you get in touch with technology with 0:00:09.080 --> 0:00:18.000 tech Stuff from how stuff works dot com. Hello again, everyone, 0:00:18.000 --> 0:00:20.320 and welcome to tech stuff. My name is Chris Poulette 0:00:20.360 --> 0:00:22.400 and I am an editor here at how stuff works 0:00:22.520 --> 0:00:25.919 dot com. Sitting across from me as usual, at least 0:00:26.000 --> 0:00:27.960 as far as when I looked it up last, is 0:00:28.000 --> 0:00:31.760 senior writer Jonathan Strickland. There's special providence in the fall 0:00:31.800 --> 0:00:37.080 of a sparrow. Okay, and guess what, guys, it's your 0:00:37.159 --> 0:00:39.200 job to look that up and tell me where it's from. 0:00:40.080 --> 0:00:44.279 Special listener challenge. Yeah, it's it's easy enough. Um. So 0:00:44.320 --> 0:00:48.159 we're going to talk about conducting research online. I'll to 0:00:48.240 --> 0:00:51.360 use online tools to research. Because a lot of you 0:00:51.440 --> 0:00:54.360 out there are in middle school and high school. We 0:00:54.400 --> 0:00:56.440 get emails from you all the time, and first of all, 0:00:56.480 --> 0:00:58.400 shout out to all of you guys. You guys are 0:00:58.440 --> 0:01:01.720 awesome and keep up the great work, especially listening to 0:01:01.800 --> 0:01:06.679 wonderful podcasts like ours. But beyond that, we've also received 0:01:06.720 --> 0:01:11.839 email from others who have asked us about research techniques. 0:01:12.600 --> 0:01:16.600 UM see uh Is and Marie Right and Marie I 0:01:16.720 --> 0:01:19.320 see I didn't write your name down, Emory. I apologize. 0:01:19.360 --> 0:01:21.080 And Marie has written to us on a couple of 0:01:21.120 --> 0:01:27.320 occasions asking if we might address research techniques and citations 0:01:27.400 --> 0:01:31.640 things like that. Well, really, the whole citations element is 0:01:31.720 --> 0:01:34.600 kind of outside the scope of tech stuff, but we 0:01:34.640 --> 0:01:39.479 can certainly address how to conduct research online and how 0:01:39.520 --> 0:01:42.840 to get the best information for whatever it is that 0:01:42.880 --> 0:01:47.160 you're searching for. UM, because a lot of us are 0:01:47.360 --> 0:01:51.280 just simply using Google in the most basic way and 0:01:51.400 --> 0:01:54.880 not getting the best information. Google is doing a lot 0:01:54.920 --> 0:01:57.400 behind the scenes to try and give us the best 0:01:57.400 --> 0:02:00.880 information based upon what we tell Google we want to see, 0:02:01.520 --> 0:02:05.920 but sometimes it has to make guesses. Sometimes the keywords 0:02:05.920 --> 0:02:08.959 we throw in there are just a mishmash, and Google's like, well, 0:02:09.120 --> 0:02:11.600 I'll give you this. I think it's what you want. 0:02:12.360 --> 0:02:14.880 But there are ways where you can you can refine 0:02:14.919 --> 0:02:18.240 your search, whether you're using Google or some other search methods, 0:02:18.280 --> 0:02:20.840 some other search engine. I use Google because it's almost 0:02:20.880 --> 0:02:24.880 become like xerox or Kleenex the universal term, but I 0:02:25.400 --> 0:02:29.200 do realize that people use other search engines. Um, there 0:02:29.200 --> 0:02:33.280 are techniques you can use to get the best information possible. Yes, UM, 0:02:33.360 --> 0:02:36.680 actually I would recommend this really groovy article on how 0:02:36.680 --> 0:02:39.680 stuff works dot com about the Google algorithm and what 0:02:39.800 --> 0:02:44.240 makes it so special. I was written by as a hack, 0:02:44.560 --> 0:02:48.760 some guy Strickland. Anyway, Yeah, if you if you're really 0:02:48.840 --> 0:02:52.720 interested in knowing how Google specifically works, because Google sort 0:02:52.760 --> 0:02:56.560 of revolutionized the search industry online. I mean for many 0:02:56.639 --> 0:02:59.240 years when Yahoo was doing everybody loved Yahoo, but they 0:02:59.240 --> 0:03:02.160 were doing it by end, which is actually a very 0:03:02.200 --> 0:03:05.639 effective way to do it, except in that it requires 0:03:05.639 --> 0:03:07.360 a lot of people and a lot of time to 0:03:07.440 --> 0:03:09.919 do that, which and of course, as more people joined 0:03:09.960 --> 0:03:12.840 the Internet, more content was created on the Internet, meaning 0:03:12.880 --> 0:03:15.880 more content had to be sorted through, so it becomes 0:03:15.880 --> 0:03:19.480 a losing game eventually, because unless you have hired everyone 0:03:19.560 --> 0:03:24.000 on the planet to also help categorize and rank information, 0:03:24.840 --> 0:03:27.240 you just can't keep up with the amount of info 0:03:27.320 --> 0:03:30.480 that's out there. So Google's algorithm helped automate that, so 0:03:30.560 --> 0:03:33.320 you didn't have to worry about doing it by hand. Yes, 0:03:33.360 --> 0:03:35.200 but I know you did want to to speak on 0:03:35.320 --> 0:03:38.800 a specific tactic if you want to use Google more effectively. Yeah, 0:03:38.840 --> 0:03:41.480 we're going to talk a little bit about bullying logic. Okay, 0:03:41.480 --> 0:03:44.920 that's named after George bole Yes and bullying logic is 0:03:44.960 --> 0:03:49.640 a fairly complex UH concept, but it's a it's a 0:03:49.680 --> 0:03:52.680 mathematical concept, right. It's a way, it's the way of 0:03:52.760 --> 0:03:57.960 using operators to UH to make an argument or search 0:03:58.000 --> 0:03:59.840 for information. As it turns out, because a lot of 0:04:00.040 --> 0:04:04.880 arch engines are very good at at incorporating Boolean logic, 0:04:05.520 --> 0:04:08.680 so not all of them, not all of them, and 0:04:08.760 --> 0:04:12.160 some of them have a specific advanced search function that 0:04:12.280 --> 0:04:14.840 makes this even easier. But we're going to go through 0:04:14.880 --> 0:04:18.400 the basic operators and what they do and what they 0:04:18.440 --> 0:04:21.120 mean within most search engines, and then we'll talk a 0:04:21.120 --> 0:04:23.800 little bit maybe about advanced search options, and then we'll 0:04:23.800 --> 0:04:27.280 go into more detail about other other things online that 0:04:27.360 --> 0:04:31.840 you can use for for research. So the basic operators 0:04:31.839 --> 0:04:34.760 and Boolean logic, as far as it pertains to search, 0:04:34.839 --> 0:04:41.599 are and or and not. Okay, So I'll start with OR. 0:04:42.520 --> 0:04:46.560 Now OR helps you increase your your range of searches. 0:04:46.920 --> 0:04:48.839 You know your search results. You're gonna get a wider 0:04:48.920 --> 0:04:52.440 range of search results using or as an operator. And 0:04:52.480 --> 0:04:55.839 this lets you search for two terms. Usually you're using 0:04:55.920 --> 0:04:58.720 two terms that are kind of interchangeable or mean more 0:04:58.760 --> 0:05:02.160 or less the same thing. Um and you use that 0:05:02.200 --> 0:05:06.120 to try and get a wider net of results. So 0:05:06.320 --> 0:05:11.920 you might say, uh, dogs or canines in your search, 0:05:12.080 --> 0:05:14.120 and then you're going to get search results that have 0:05:14.279 --> 0:05:18.320 the keyword dogs or canines featured in them in some way, 0:05:18.520 --> 0:05:21.640 because some results may use one term and the others 0:05:21.720 --> 0:05:24.000 may use another, and you want to be able to 0:05:24.040 --> 0:05:26.400 see everything that's out there, So you're gonna get more 0:05:26.440 --> 0:05:28.839 results that way than if you search for just dogs 0:05:29.000 --> 0:05:34.760 or just canines. Um. Now, if you use and, you 0:05:34.839 --> 0:05:37.400 might think, oh, well, doesn't that do the same thing. Actually, no, 0:05:38.160 --> 0:05:42.200 and narrows your search because with and, it's going to 0:05:42.360 --> 0:05:46.280 look for search results that have both terms. And when 0:05:46.320 --> 0:05:49.120 I say both, you should keep in mind this is 0:05:49.120 --> 0:05:52.840 not limited to just to search terms. Technically, you can 0:05:52.839 --> 0:05:56.440 throw in as many search terms as you want and uh, 0:05:56.760 --> 0:06:00.200 it just is going to continually narrow your field of arch. 0:06:01.520 --> 0:06:04.479 So in this case, you may want to look for 0:06:04.720 --> 0:06:08.719 let's let's say you're searching for horror and science fiction. 0:06:09.279 --> 0:06:11.520 You're only going to get results that have both of 0:06:11.560 --> 0:06:14.760 those terms in them. Right now, if you use horror 0:06:14.880 --> 0:06:17.240 or science fiction, you would get all of them had 0:06:17.360 --> 0:06:22.560 either or both of those terms. So and narrows your search. 0:06:23.320 --> 0:06:26.120 This can be really helpful if you're looking for specific 0:06:26.200 --> 0:06:30.680 news about a particular topic. So if you did Gulf 0:06:30.720 --> 0:06:35.919 of Mexico and oil spill and solutions, that would help 0:06:35.960 --> 0:06:39.839 you narrow your search to potential solutions to fix the 0:06:39.839 --> 0:06:45.120 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, right theoretically anyway, Um, 0:06:45.160 --> 0:06:47.640 and then there is think you think the company would 0:06:47.640 --> 0:06:50.280 have lifted those up? Yeah? Oh, there it is. It's 0:06:50.279 --> 0:06:54.839 on Google. Oh we're gonna get male. I'm kidding, BP, 0:06:55.600 --> 0:06:58.160 Please don't send your goons after us. I notice I 0:06:58.200 --> 0:07:02.640 didn't say who it was son of up. So anyway, 0:07:02.720 --> 0:07:07.760 let's get to the third one. Not now not helps 0:07:07.800 --> 0:07:11.440 you get search results for one term and excludes results 0:07:11.480 --> 0:07:16.440 that contain a specific related term. So let's say that 0:07:16.520 --> 0:07:19.960 you want to do a research on on mice but 0:07:20.080 --> 0:07:23.360 not you don't want anything to do about rats, So 0:07:23.400 --> 0:07:26.640 you could do a search for mice not rats, and 0:07:26.680 --> 0:07:29.520 you would only get search results that talked about mice. 0:07:29.640 --> 0:07:31.560 If rats were mentioned in the search, in the in 0:07:31.600 --> 0:07:33.800 the in the page, it would be excluded from the 0:07:33.800 --> 0:07:37.080 search results. So again, it's another way to narrow your 0:07:37.080 --> 0:07:40.680 search so that you don't get information that is not 0:07:40.800 --> 0:07:46.400 relevant to what you need. Now, advanced search options usually 0:07:46.560 --> 0:07:49.840 make this easier because I mean, you can type these 0:07:49.880 --> 0:07:52.240 things in actually, and you usually don't need to type 0:07:52.240 --> 0:07:54.560 in at all. That's understood. If you just do a 0:07:54.640 --> 0:07:59.160 string of keywords in your search, it's the search engine 0:07:59.200 --> 0:08:02.560 generally a suit whoms that you mean and Yes, But 0:08:02.640 --> 0:08:05.800 when you're using the bullion operators um, if you really 0:08:06.040 --> 0:08:08.200 specifically want to use them, you do need to put 0:08:08.200 --> 0:08:12.520 them in all caps yes, because because that's that's the 0:08:12.520 --> 0:08:16.280 thing that tells it, Oh, you specifically want these things. 0:08:16.320 --> 0:08:19.120 And if you're looking for a specific search string which 0:08:19.120 --> 0:08:23.280 includes things uh, words that would normally be discarded called 0:08:23.320 --> 0:08:27.720 stop wards, things like and and the um, because it's 0:08:27.720 --> 0:08:30.120 looking for the big words in the title, the things 0:08:30.120 --> 0:08:32.880 that are are unique and those words, those stop wards 0:08:33.200 --> 0:08:37.200 are so common that Google it's meaningless to do a 0:08:37.240 --> 0:08:39.360 search for them. Yes, you can do a search for 0:08:39.440 --> 0:08:46.480 the UM, but Google just says everything. But if you 0:08:46.520 --> 0:08:49.760 will allow me to to bore everyone but probably the 0:08:49.960 --> 0:08:52.800 educators and library geeks among you, since I just got 0:08:52.800 --> 0:08:54.959 my degree and I want to use it for something. UM. 0:08:55.080 --> 0:08:59.120 We're talking about two things here called precision and recall Um, 0:08:59.160 --> 0:09:03.000 these things are inversely proportional. So the more precise your 0:09:03.040 --> 0:09:05.880 search results are, the let the fewer of them you're 0:09:05.880 --> 0:09:09.640 going to get, and vice versa, or increases your recall. 0:09:09.760 --> 0:09:11.880 So you're going to get lots and lots and lots 0:09:11.920 --> 0:09:13.960 of stuff, but you're not going to have very precise results. 0:09:13.960 --> 0:09:17.600 If you want precision, you need to narrow it down, um, 0:09:17.720 --> 0:09:20.360 using and and and you know to some degree not 0:09:20.760 --> 0:09:26.280 or yeah, um wait not yes, okay, UM, So just 0:09:26.400 --> 0:09:28.880 keep in mind what you're trying to do. And you know, 0:09:29.040 --> 0:09:31.240 I think a lot of people when they are looking 0:09:31.280 --> 0:09:34.160 for information kind of like poking around, you know, the 0:09:34.240 --> 0:09:36.720 serendipity search, What am I gonna find? Want to do this? 0:09:36.760 --> 0:09:39.800 But if you're in a hurry, boolean operators can really 0:09:39.840 --> 0:09:42.480 be your friend. Yeah. And as as I was saying 0:09:42.480 --> 0:09:47.120 earlier about advanced search options, these usually if you if 0:09:47.160 --> 0:09:49.520 you choose the advanced search option on a on a 0:09:49.520 --> 0:09:51.720 search engine, and I'm going to stick with Google because 0:09:51.720 --> 0:09:54.080 that's just well, it's a popular one. It's easy to 0:09:54.120 --> 0:09:59.240 talk about. Um. It usually opens up a a a 0:09:59.280 --> 0:10:03.320 new screen with additional options for search. So it'll have 0:10:03.679 --> 0:10:06.960 one field where you can type in all the keywords 0:10:06.960 --> 0:10:10.360 that you want that you that should appear in the 0:10:10.360 --> 0:10:13.240 search result, and may have a separate field for any 0:10:13.320 --> 0:10:15.880 keywords that you do not want to be in your 0:10:15.880 --> 0:10:19.440 search result. So that would be the not feature. The 0:10:19.480 --> 0:10:21.360 first one was the end. The other one, or actually 0:10:21.360 --> 0:10:22.959 I guess the first one that's the first one is 0:10:23.000 --> 0:10:24.960 the end because all of them do appear. They also 0:10:25.000 --> 0:10:29.040 have once where you can say this or that you 0:10:29.080 --> 0:10:31.600 know anything that has this or that should come back 0:10:31.640 --> 0:10:35.480 to me. Um. So it incorporates the boolean logic in 0:10:35.559 --> 0:10:37.760 actual little fields that you fill out, so you don't 0:10:37.800 --> 0:10:40.440 have to remember the operators or or type them in 0:10:40.520 --> 0:10:42.560 or anything, because you just type this, You type the 0:10:42.640 --> 0:10:44.640 right keywords in the right fields, and it does it 0:10:44.720 --> 0:10:47.880 for you. But it also gives you other options. Uh. 0:10:48.160 --> 0:10:51.880 For example, you can search for exact phrasing, which you 0:10:51.920 --> 0:10:54.440 can actually do in a regular search engine. You just 0:10:54.480 --> 0:10:57.280 have to know to put it into quotation marks. Yes, 0:10:57.600 --> 0:11:01.240 like anything within quotation marks, the search engine interprets that 0:11:01.360 --> 0:11:07.240 as look for this specific sequence of words. So nuclear radiation, 0:11:07.360 --> 0:11:09.959 for example, if you put that within quotation marks, it 0:11:10.000 --> 0:11:13.800 would look for search results that use the phrase nuclear radiation, 0:11:14.160 --> 0:11:18.120 which theoretically would get you closer to the results you need, 0:11:18.640 --> 0:11:22.040 because you know you don't want articles just on radiation 0:11:22.040 --> 0:11:25.520 in general, because not all radiation is nuclear, So you know, 0:11:25.640 --> 0:11:27.680 this would help you narrow that search. Again, it's another 0:11:27.679 --> 0:11:29.960 way of narrowing. But it can also do things like 0:11:30.000 --> 0:11:33.360 Google's will allow you to search for specific file types. 0:11:33.800 --> 0:11:35.960 So if you're looking for like you know that you 0:11:36.000 --> 0:11:38.160 saw an article online once and it was in PDF 0:11:38.200 --> 0:11:40.440 format but you can't quite remember, you know, you can 0:11:40.559 --> 0:11:43.520 narrow your search that way and say just PDFs and 0:11:43.559 --> 0:11:46.920 Google will look for just pds online. Um, that's just 0:11:46.960 --> 0:11:50.040 one example. Obviously, Uh, it allows you to search within 0:11:50.080 --> 0:11:52.760 a domain. You can also do this in the general 0:11:52.800 --> 0:11:55.400 search bar if you know the right trick, which is 0:11:55.440 --> 0:11:59.439 really just typing site s I T E. Colon, then 0:11:59.480 --> 0:12:01.680 the address of the or the domain of the site 0:12:01.679 --> 0:12:03.880 that you're searching, and then whatever your search terms are 0:12:04.720 --> 0:12:08.400 that will do perform a Google search within a specific domain. 0:12:09.559 --> 0:12:11.520 So let's say that you happen to know that the 0:12:11.559 --> 0:12:15.320 information that you're looking for was in an article that 0:12:15.400 --> 0:12:19.640 appeared on the register, you could you could use the 0:12:19.880 --> 0:12:22.360 that to specify the search so that way it doesn't 0:12:22.400 --> 0:12:24.800 look anywhere else for this information, you're not going to 0:12:24.880 --> 0:12:28.959 get any irrelevant results from other sites. Uh. It can 0:12:29.040 --> 0:12:32.079 definitely be a time saver. It's really helped me out 0:12:32.200 --> 0:12:34.960 many many times. You can even do that on on 0:12:35.840 --> 0:12:37.679 parts of the site if you happen to know if 0:12:37.679 --> 0:12:39.960 it's if it's divided. For example, if you were looking 0:12:40.000 --> 0:12:43.120 on how stuff works dot com for um, just to 0:12:43.400 --> 0:12:45.760 stick with name recognition, if we have a number of 0:12:46.040 --> 0:12:50.720 articles on Google um, and most of those are in 0:12:50.840 --> 0:12:53.880 the computer channel, so as computer dot how stuff works 0:12:53.880 --> 0:12:56.520 dot com instead of www dot how stuff works dot com. 0:12:56.559 --> 0:12:59.720 But let's say you were interested in finding a video, 0:13:00.440 --> 0:13:03.360 you could do site colon videos dot how stuff works 0:13:03.360 --> 0:13:06.400 dot com and see and then put a space in 0:13:06.440 --> 0:13:10.360 there in type Google and if you it should returns 0:13:10.840 --> 0:13:14.120 just that the results from that video channel. And of 0:13:14.120 --> 0:13:16.720 course it's going to depend on the information architecture of 0:13:16.760 --> 0:13:19.960 the site and whether or not that's possible. But for example, 0:13:20.040 --> 0:13:21.600 you know, that's why I picked how stuff Works dot 0:13:21.640 --> 0:13:23.800 com because I know it works with our site and 0:13:23.840 --> 0:13:26.679 it's easier to find articles if you happen to now um. 0:13:26.720 --> 0:13:29.280 But it also sort of depends on how well you 0:13:29.320 --> 0:13:32.520 know this site that you're searching. Yeah, and and the 0:13:32.559 --> 0:13:34.680 advanced search also allows you to do other things like 0:13:34.720 --> 0:13:36.840 you can search within a range of dates, so you 0:13:36.840 --> 0:13:39.200 can look for information that was that you know was 0:13:39.840 --> 0:13:43.440 uploaded at a specific time. Um. If you know something 0:13:43.480 --> 0:13:46.679 like maybe it's an article that appeared last spring, then 0:13:46.720 --> 0:13:48.920 you can put in a range of dates. Again, you're 0:13:48.960 --> 0:13:51.440 excluding anything that falls outside that range. You don't have 0:13:51.480 --> 0:13:54.920 to worry about sorting through other stuff. Um. You can 0:13:55.000 --> 0:13:59.680 even search for results based on the usage rights. Now, granted, 0:13:59.720 --> 0:14:03.160 this is going to depend mainly upon the metadata that 0:14:03.640 --> 0:14:06.160 is in the the web page. This is something that 0:14:06.200 --> 0:14:09.040 the administrator of that web page has to include so 0:14:09.120 --> 0:14:12.880 that Google can can identify it. Because Google is not 0:14:12.960 --> 0:14:16.079 quite smart enough yet to know the usage rights of 0:14:16.120 --> 0:14:19.520 every single web page it's out there. Um, because in 0:14:19.560 --> 0:14:23.200 some cases it may not even be explicitly stated. Uh. 0:14:23.320 --> 0:14:28.920 Then you know, you can even uh specify where on 0:14:28.960 --> 0:14:32.440 the web page the keywords should appear, which allows you 0:14:32.480 --> 0:14:34.120 to search. Let's say that you want to search for 0:14:34.360 --> 0:14:37.400 articles that are about a specific topic, but you don't 0:14:37.440 --> 0:14:39.560 want to get back articles that just kind of have 0:14:39.760 --> 0:14:43.800 a little aside about that topic. You can actually have 0:14:43.920 --> 0:14:47.320 it so that it's only the pages that have the 0:14:47.720 --> 0:14:52.600 keywords within the page title, which theoretically should get you 0:14:52.880 --> 0:14:55.720 results that are more relevant to your search. So really, 0:14:55.720 --> 0:14:59.560 advanced search is a huge boon. I mean that's that alone. 0:15:00.080 --> 0:15:03.400 For we even get into anything more specific. Will really 0:15:03.480 --> 0:15:06.200 help help you narrow down your searches so that you 0:15:06.280 --> 0:15:10.760 can get at relevant information quickly. Now, again, Google does 0:15:10.800 --> 0:15:14.640 a pretty good job at at having the relevant search 0:15:15.000 --> 0:15:18.200 most relevant things to your keywords at any rate appear 0:15:18.240 --> 0:15:20.440 at the top of the list, so you normally don't 0:15:20.480 --> 0:15:23.240 have to dig down too far. Um. It's not always 0:15:23.240 --> 0:15:26.920 the case, but they do a pretty good job of it. Yes, 0:15:27.240 --> 0:15:30.480 excuse me, well, Chris got all choked up. Yes I did. 0:15:30.760 --> 0:15:34.640 It's just you know, they talk about the search topics. Um. 0:15:34.680 --> 0:15:38.000 Actually that's a good point, Jonathan, because um, I was 0:15:38.080 --> 0:15:41.000 just going to mention that, Uh, you might look at 0:15:41.600 --> 0:15:43.920 if you've ever played around, especially right after Being came 0:15:43.960 --> 0:15:47.040 out Microsoft launch Being, people were playing around with it 0:15:47.200 --> 0:15:49.320 to see how the results compared to Google. And you 0:15:49.320 --> 0:15:52.240 can put in the same topic on a Being search 0:15:52.280 --> 0:15:54.120 and a a Google search, and they're going to turn 0:15:54.200 --> 0:15:57.000 up probably some of the same results on the first page, 0:15:57.040 --> 0:16:00.760 but not necessarily all of them. They might be ranked differently. UM. 0:16:00.840 --> 0:16:02.440 If you are a fan of one or the other, 0:16:02.480 --> 0:16:04.640 you might go, well, mind, my favorite is the best. 0:16:04.680 --> 0:16:07.560 Well maybe not necessarily. It sort of depends on the topic. 0:16:07.760 --> 0:16:11.880 And one way to to sort of get everybody together 0:16:12.680 --> 0:16:15.400 um is to use a meta search engine, something like 0:16:15.560 --> 0:16:19.560 dogpile or um or surf wax for example surf wax 0:16:19.600 --> 0:16:23.920 dot com, and both of these use search multiple search 0:16:23.960 --> 0:16:27.640 engines at the same time, so it will look for 0:16:27.960 --> 0:16:31.280 the topic you request on Google and bing and Yahoo 0:16:31.360 --> 0:16:35.920 and ask dot com and possibly even Excite and Lycos 0:16:35.960 --> 0:16:37.520 and some of the others that have been around for 0:16:37.560 --> 0:16:40.960 a long time that use different methods to rank pages. 0:16:41.600 --> 0:16:44.680 And a lot of people really really like the meta 0:16:44.680 --> 0:16:46.720 search engines. I know that that some of the people 0:16:46.760 --> 0:16:49.160 here at how stuff works dot com are are really 0:16:49.200 --> 0:16:52.520 fond of of a couple of them because they're not 0:16:53.160 --> 0:16:55.520 h they give you sort of a more in depth 0:16:55.600 --> 0:16:58.840 look at how the different sites rank the articles. And 0:16:59.000 --> 0:17:02.360 it's possible that use in different search engine might give 0:17:02.400 --> 0:17:05.760 you better results for any particular topic. Right, so you 0:17:05.840 --> 0:17:07.600 might use Google for one search and being for a 0:17:07.600 --> 0:17:09.520 different search, or asked dot com for a different search, 0:17:09.680 --> 0:17:12.600 just depending on the results. Because one you may be 0:17:12.640 --> 0:17:16.320 looking for something particular that you know, one search engine 0:17:16.359 --> 0:17:18.439 turns up and the other does not, especially when you 0:17:18.480 --> 0:17:22.080 consider that the algorithms these different search engines use can 0:17:22.480 --> 0:17:26.040 UH that can determine what results you get on one 0:17:26.119 --> 0:17:28.720 day to the next. You can do the exact same 0:17:29.040 --> 0:17:32.440 Google search or search on Being or any other real 0:17:32.480 --> 0:17:35.679 search engine that relies upon an algorithm, you can do 0:17:35.720 --> 0:17:39.919 with that search on various dates and get completely different 0:17:39.960 --> 0:17:44.600 results based upon how those pages rank UH due to 0:17:44.640 --> 0:17:47.880 the algorithm. So now some are going to change less 0:17:47.960 --> 0:17:51.040 frequently than others. Some you may do the search and 0:17:51.080 --> 0:17:53.359 then it will look the exact same way six months 0:17:53.440 --> 0:17:55.840 from now, but others, like you know, Google definitely does 0:17:55.960 --> 0:17:58.199 change over time. If you do the same search result 0:17:58.600 --> 0:18:01.400 or same search I'm sorry key words, UM, you'll get 0:18:01.400 --> 0:18:05.400 different results sometimes from one day to the next, sometimes 0:18:05.440 --> 0:18:08.600 one morning to one afternoon. UM. It kind of depends 0:18:08.680 --> 0:18:11.359 upon the topic and whether or not, especially since Google 0:18:11.400 --> 0:18:16.200 will search across multiple UH features, like there's Google News 0:18:16.320 --> 0:18:19.359 where you'll get the latest articles. That's obviously going to 0:18:19.480 --> 0:18:23.680 change pretty rapidly compared to the more static web pages 0:18:23.720 --> 0:18:26.280 that are about a general topic. Right, I mean a 0:18:26.320 --> 0:18:29.040 lot of people noticed a couple of months ago when 0:18:29.240 --> 0:18:33.240 Google will change the search results page because down the 0:18:33.320 --> 0:18:37.080 left side of the bar, now you've got you know, everything, news, images, books, blog, 0:18:37.160 --> 0:18:39.840 shopping and all those other topics. And people either loved 0:18:39.840 --> 0:18:42.280 it or hated it. Um. I'm one of the people 0:18:42.280 --> 0:18:44.920 who happens to like it actually, But I mean that's 0:18:45.000 --> 0:18:48.919 that's a different Basically, they're grouping, they're sort of breaking 0:18:48.920 --> 0:18:53.840 it down for you into commonly searched topics like images. 0:18:54.160 --> 0:18:56.520 You can think of like the general search as pot pourri. 0:18:57.160 --> 0:19:00.879 It's everything, but you can break it down into smaller 0:19:00.920 --> 0:19:03.840 groups U. And another one that would might be of 0:19:03.880 --> 0:19:08.359 particular help to students is Google scholar, which allows you 0:19:08.400 --> 0:19:12.879 to search scholarly articles, journals. UM. It allows you to 0:19:12.880 --> 0:19:16.000 look at patents, UH, and even legal opinions if you 0:19:16.080 --> 0:19:18.119 if you want to enable that, you can, and you 0:19:18.160 --> 0:19:20.639 can choose which options to enable and which ones to 0:19:20.720 --> 0:19:22.639 leave out. So if you don't want any results that 0:19:22.680 --> 0:19:24.639 have to do with patents, you can click a little 0:19:25.119 --> 0:19:28.920 checkbox and it will leave those results out. And UH, 0:19:29.000 --> 0:19:33.600 that can definitely help you find specific scholarly articles about subjects. Now, 0:19:34.080 --> 0:19:37.400 I should hasten to add that does not necessarily mean 0:19:37.400 --> 0:19:39.199 that you'll be able to go to a link and 0:19:39.240 --> 0:19:42.680 read the article in full. Many of these journals are 0:19:42.720 --> 0:19:45.320 online have an online journal where you have to have 0:19:45.440 --> 0:19:48.800 a subscription in order to access that journal. So it 0:19:48.840 --> 0:19:50.679 maybe that you'll be able to read an excerpt, but 0:19:50.760 --> 0:19:53.320 you won't get the full article. In order to do that, 0:19:53.400 --> 0:19:56.320 you'll need some other tool. A lot of schools, UM 0:19:56.400 --> 0:20:00.240 and a lot of library systems have a database or 0:20:00.359 --> 0:20:05.560 a search engine that's similar in style to Google, but 0:20:05.680 --> 0:20:08.040 specifically for this kind of thing, where you do get 0:20:08.080 --> 0:20:12.439 access to the full articles. UM. Depending on who designed 0:20:12.440 --> 0:20:14.280 that system, it may or may not be as user 0:20:14.400 --> 0:20:18.080 friendly as your as your general search engine, but you 0:20:18.119 --> 0:20:20.239 may need access to something like that. Now, a lot 0:20:20.240 --> 0:20:23.520 of school systems do have this UH, so it's good 0:20:23.520 --> 0:20:25.800 to to find out if yours does, UM and and 0:20:25.840 --> 0:20:29.040 make use of it. We mentioned in a previous podcast 0:20:29.080 --> 0:20:31.720 about education and technology. Then in Georgia we have a 0:20:31.720 --> 0:20:36.000 system called Galileo, and in Galileo we can search these 0:20:36.040 --> 0:20:38.760 scholarly articles and get access to the full article without 0:20:38.760 --> 0:20:43.600 having a specific um uh subscription to that particular publication. 0:20:44.320 --> 0:20:47.040 UM that that's really helpful now, granted, even then you're 0:20:47.040 --> 0:20:51.199 going to be limited by whatever range of journals that 0:20:51.240 --> 0:20:54.919 particular service has access to. It's not necessarily going to 0:20:54.960 --> 0:20:57.880 have access to every single journal that is out there, 0:20:58.800 --> 0:21:01.679 but that that can sometimes pick up the slack that 0:21:02.040 --> 0:21:05.040 the Google will leave, because Google has no control over 0:21:05.119 --> 0:21:08.159 what the actual content is on these pages, and in 0:21:08.200 --> 0:21:10.119 some cases, like I said, it may just be an 0:21:10.119 --> 0:21:14.679 excerpt which can give you some helpful like guidance, but 0:21:14.720 --> 0:21:16.520 it's not going to give you the information you necessarily 0:21:16.560 --> 0:21:19.720 need for an academic paper. There are a couple of 0:21:19.720 --> 0:21:22.240 things that I think we should address to now that 0:21:22.280 --> 0:21:25.160 we're getting into the more mature part of our podcast. 0:21:26.119 --> 0:21:29.000 So let's get that very web music in here. No no, no, wait, 0:21:29.040 --> 0:21:31.840 not that I was short of you using that as 0:21:31.880 --> 0:21:35.240 a euphemism as saying, we're slowly running out of time 0:21:35.280 --> 0:21:40.880 and probably should address some other things. Not alright, go Um. 0:21:40.960 --> 0:21:43.160 One of the things that I think we should address 0:21:43.320 --> 0:21:47.320 is quality of resources. Yes, actually, one of the things 0:21:47.320 --> 0:21:50.600 I wanted to talk about was primary versus secondary. Yes. Yes, 0:21:50.960 --> 0:21:54.879 what I was basically getting into was, um, you know, 0:21:55.119 --> 0:21:57.639 as we have mentioned many many times in the podcast, 0:21:57.760 --> 0:21:59.920 especially during the education series, we do have a lot 0:22:00.080 --> 0:22:03.000 of listeners who are still in school, And I want 0:22:03.040 --> 0:22:05.919 to stress to all of you that not everything you 0:22:05.960 --> 0:22:11.960 read on the internet is accurate or yes, you have 0:22:12.040 --> 0:22:15.359 to keep in mind where the information is coming from, 0:22:15.480 --> 0:22:19.680 who it's coming from, and whether or not things may 0:22:19.760 --> 0:22:23.800 have been biased. For example, maybe you're reading something that 0:22:24.040 --> 0:22:26.560 from a source that you do trust pretty well, and 0:22:26.600 --> 0:22:30.800 they say that a study financed by you know, the 0:22:30.840 --> 0:22:35.400