Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, it's us and we're here to talk to
Speaker 1: you about get this our book. We have a Stuff
Speaker 1: you Should Know book coming out this November and you're
Speaker 1: going to love it, and you can preorder it now.
Speaker 1: That's try it. It's called Stuff you Should Know Collen,
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Speaker 1: It's twenties six chunky Harry chapters that are just going
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Speaker 1: thank you in advance. Welcome to Stuff you Should Know,
Speaker 1: a production of I Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey,
Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W.
Speaker 1: Chuck Bryant, Jerry's out there somewhere which makes this Stuff
Speaker 1: you should ass Oh yeah, old school insect a dish
Speaker 1: from Robert Lamb. I know it's it's got mouth parts
Speaker 1: in it, but it's no Tracy Wilson joint, but it's
Speaker 1: still good. It's super charming. It starts Robert starts this
Speaker 1: article out from the perspective of a spider who has
Speaker 1: been dragged into a wasps nest and is about to
Speaker 1: be eaten alive by a wasp larva. It's pretty interesting.
Speaker 1: So it's a good article, I guess, is what I'm
Speaker 1: trying to say. And if you are not familiar with
Speaker 1: Robert Lamb, then friends, you are missing out on not one,
Speaker 1: but two, no three, really great podcast that that guy
Speaker 1: has put out. Um, what is it? Stuff to blow
Speaker 1: your mind? Of course, the the stalwart science tech, well
Speaker 1: that tech sort of science plus show. Yes, yeah, yeah,
Speaker 1: in depth like super deep rabbit hole interesting stuff. And
Speaker 1: then um uh he did one called trans Human. Yeah,
Speaker 1: that's a action scripted sci fi very cool. Yeah. And
Speaker 1: then also he and Joe who he does stuff to
Speaker 1: blow your mind with, also do Invention too, which is
Speaker 1: kind of in depth rabbit whole thing about invention. So
Speaker 1: check all those out, everybody. Yeah, it was fun to
Speaker 1: kind of get back to basics with a nice little
Speaker 1: insect cast on wasps and dude, I went outside today
Speaker 1: on my side deck to let the dogs out, and
Speaker 1: low and behold, I looked what I was? You said,
Speaker 1: who let the dogs out? Sorry, you said let the
Speaker 1: dogs out? So I had to. I thought I had.
Speaker 1: I thought you were saying wait, wait wait, No, no,
Speaker 1: I was saying, woo woo woo woo. Oh boy, there
Speaker 1: was a waspiness on the ground. Okay, good, all right,
Speaker 1: that's sorry. Did I I knocked the legs out from
Speaker 1: under that story? It's just a wasp nest. But it
Speaker 1: was you know, the timing was alive. Oh I didn't
Speaker 1: poke it to see it. It was. It was not attached.
Speaker 1: I think it had fallen. So my guess is that
Speaker 1: it did not have any more wasps residing in it. Man,
Speaker 1: that's gotta be a real letdown, because it's the middle
Speaker 1: of summer right now, so they're they're wanting to like grow.
Speaker 1: There was probably larva in there. Yeah, that's that's really weird.
Speaker 1: They must have abandoned it then, Yeah, and wasps are
Speaker 1: you know. I think, you know, everyone loves the bees
Speaker 1: now because they should because bees are awesome and bees
Speaker 1: produce honey, and we want bees to stick around. But
Speaker 1: I think wasps and hornets, which are a type of
Speaker 1: wasps uh are still just so maligned, and they're the
Speaker 1: ones that people will reach for their can of raid
Speaker 1: to spray and no qualm. Yeah, and you shouldn't. Don't
Speaker 1: do it. Let the wasp live. I'll go ahead and
Speaker 1: say it. Now, we're gonna say a bunch, but let
Speaker 1: him live. Totally chuck, thank you. Yeah, we're here to
Speaker 1: open everyone's eyes to the function and purpose of wasps existence.
Speaker 1: They're not like mosquitoes. Remember in the Mosquitoes episode, we
Speaker 1: basically can aluded that there's no reason for mosquitoes around
Speaker 1: and they just are terrible. Um. Wasps are not like that.
Speaker 1: And I think Robert does a really good job basically
Speaker 1: pinning down why wasps get such a bad rap. One
Speaker 1: is that there stings peck such a wallop compared to
Speaker 1: other stinging insects. And we'll talk about their there's stings
Speaker 1: in the venom that goes along with it um, which
Speaker 1: is so okay, that's fair, Like nobody wants to be
Speaker 1: stung by a wasp. It's really it can ruin your day. Um.
Speaker 1: And then also the other thing is is that the
Speaker 1: if you pay attention to wasps, you realize that they
Speaker 1: live these really brutal, grizzled existences. Their their predators, and
Speaker 1: in fact, in their habitats they're apex predators. They're like
Speaker 1: sharks and lions, but for the bugs and um, sometimes
Speaker 1: small animals that live around there. Like, I didn't watch
Speaker 1: any of the videos that I could have because I'm
Speaker 1: just really over animal death, even if it's nature. Um, yeah,
Speaker 1: I was when I was doing the End of the
Speaker 1: World with Josh Clark, Like I went into it just
Speaker 1: feeling fine about that. That's just nature, that's the way
Speaker 1: things work. And then one of the guys I talked
Speaker 1: to is David Pierce, who you and I talked to
Speaker 1: actually first in our super Stuff Guide to Happiness, but
Speaker 1: I went back and interviewed him, and his whole jam
Speaker 1: is like we could actually eventually engineer the biosphere so
Speaker 1: that there isn't any suffering among animals, and like what
Speaker 1: we take is natural isn't necessarily have to be that way.
Speaker 1: And it's really changed how I view like violence, even
Speaker 1: among animals. So anyway, the upshot is I didn't watch
Speaker 1: any videos, but one of the ones that I saw,
Speaker 1: the title was wasp kills baby bird. So that video
Speaker 1: is out there if you want to see that, but
Speaker 1: I just can't. I don't. I don't like to see
Speaker 1: that stuff anymore, you know. I mean I didn't really
Speaker 1: like enjoy it before, but now it just downright bothers me. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I get it. That's I live with a person who
Speaker 1: can't watch anything like that, so I get it. Yeah.
Speaker 1: So there are more than twenty thousand species of wasp.
Speaker 1: And like I said, hornets are a kind of wasp.
Speaker 1: So if you here, I mean you would call a
Speaker 1: hornet a hornet, but you can't necessarily use them interchangeably.
Speaker 1: But a hornet is a wasp. And uh, there's a
Speaker 1: lot of you know, over that twenty thou species. There
Speaker 1: are a lot of different kinds and a lot of
Speaker 1: variety as far as what they look like and what
Speaker 1: they're shaped like, and what color they are and how
Speaker 1: they like to live their life. But as with every
Speaker 1: insect cast, we're gonna go over those body parts and
Speaker 1: mouth parts is in there somewhere, and it starts with exoskeleton,
Speaker 1: just like all the little insect buddies have that kitan exoskeleton,
Speaker 1: and in the case of the wasp. They are very
Speaker 1: segmented out. They have three segments. They get your head,
Speaker 1: which has got those uh antenna, the sensory antenna. You
Speaker 1: have those mouth parts because they lick and they bite,
Speaker 1: and then you have the very cool looking compound eyes
Speaker 1: and simple eyes, these sort of kidney shaped eyes of
Speaker 1: a wasp that are very sort of signature. Where are
Speaker 1: they known as in your Italian accent? Oh? Silly? So
Speaker 1: if in the Italian if a vowel follows a C, yeah,
Speaker 1: it makes a chest sound. If a C is followed
Speaker 1: by an H, it makes a cuss sound. So is
Speaker 1: this really pronounce Acelli? Yeah? Okay, I think in in
Speaker 1: like among biologists they probably say oh sally. But since
Speaker 1: you were doing the accent, sure, I wanted to set
Speaker 1: you up for a lesson in its appreciate that. Um. Okay,
Speaker 1: So you've got the head, has some eyes, also has
Speaker 1: a brain chuck um, which I saw. Supposedly, wasps are
Speaker 1: among the smarter insects out there. They can recognize each
Speaker 1: other by face by facial markings. Did you know that
Speaker 1: they Steve? Are you doing sting anyone? I'm doing okay, Ted?
Speaker 1: Thanks for asking. It just killed the baby bird. Some
Speaker 1: weirdo was was filming it and put it on the internet. Well, actually,
Speaker 1: Steve would say, no, I didn't sting anyone because I'm
Speaker 1: a man and I don't sting. Uh oh yeah, that's
Speaker 1: a really great point, chuck um, which we'll talk more
Speaker 1: about later. You'd find the stinger in the abdomen, which
Speaker 1: is the third part, the lowest part of the wasp body,
Speaker 1: but only in a female, which I think this is
Speaker 1: true for for bees too, if I'm not mistaken. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I don't remember. We've done a lot of good beat stuff. Uh.
Speaker 1: And then in between those things you've got the thorax,
Speaker 1: which has the six little legs and then those those
Speaker 1: really quick flapping wings. Yeah so um. And in between
Speaker 1: the thorax and the abdomen you have a very narrow waste,
Speaker 1: which usually is what gives away a wasp. You can
Speaker 1: look at it and be like, that's a wasp. Um.
Speaker 1: It's like it's got a corset on. Unless it's a hornet.
Speaker 1: Hornets are much chunkier, more road ton yah um. But
Speaker 1: they are, like you said, a kind of wasp um.
Speaker 1: And actually I think the genus that um hornets fall
Speaker 1: under is called Vespa. And vespa in Italian means wasp,
Speaker 1: So hornets are wasps in Italian. Okay, okay, So I
Speaker 1: think one of the coolest thing about the wasp is
Speaker 1: the history and the evolution of this thing um along
Speaker 1: with some pretty horrific stuff that's gonna follow. But about
Speaker 1: in the Cretaceous period about a hundred million years ago,
Speaker 1: you had to kind of take a snapshot of planet
Speaker 1: Earth to understand how the wasp forms. And back then
Speaker 1: they didn't have all these flowering plants that like we
Speaker 1: have now. There were a lot of conifers, and these
Speaker 1: evergreens depended on the wind to spread their seat around.
Speaker 1: They weren't counting on the insects to do this kind
Speaker 1: of thing at this point. And uh and we should
Speaker 1: also mention that ants are a cousin of the wasp,
Speaker 1: which makes sense. They look kind of ant like. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I think they finally figured out that ants um evolved
Speaker 1: out of mud daubers. They're their closest relative, which kind
Speaker 1: of makes sense. I think they have some ant like behavior. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and like, uh so the age of the during the
Speaker 1: Cretaceous period, these wasps were carnivores and they preyed on spiders,
Speaker 1: and other insects, and as plants started to evolve, they
Speaker 1: realized that, hey, there's a lot of insects flying around
Speaker 1: going back and forth, like we're just using the wind
Speaker 1: to carry our seed around. Why don't we Why don't
Speaker 1: we get these insects to work for us basically, and
Speaker 1: they can do the job. Yeah. So that was the
Speaker 1: rise of the angiosperms um, which is you know, whenever
Speaker 1: you think of a flower that the bee visits and
Speaker 1: moves from place to place carrying pollen, that's what an
Speaker 1: angiosperm is um. Rather than having to just depend on
Speaker 1: the wind, you can depend on the insects. And so eventually,
Speaker 1: over time, these wasps, these early predators that used to
Speaker 1: um feed exclusively on other insects, said well, you know
Speaker 1: what this this whole nectar thing and the pollen thing,
Speaker 1: I can get with this. So they started to change
Speaker 1: their diet from um insects to pollen and nectar. But
Speaker 1: the weird thing is is rather than developing a way
Speaker 1: to feed their young from pollen and nectar like honey bees,
Speaker 1: which I think is another reason people like bees and
Speaker 1: don't really realize is it realize it is that um
Speaker 1: they're little vegetarian, vegan animals. You know, they don't hurt anybody.
Speaker 1: They'll they'll defend themselves, but they don't want to go
Speaker 1: hurt anybody. They're very peaceful. Wasps are not like that
Speaker 1: because even though they generally most species of wasps adults
Speaker 1: eat nectar and pollen, they still kill other insects to
Speaker 1: drag back to their nest to feed their young, to
Speaker 1: raise their young on. So wasps are technically omnivores at
Speaker 1: the beginning of their life their carnivores, and then later
Speaker 1: in life they grow into herbivores. Yeah, isn't that amazing?
Speaker 1: It is. Wasps are way more amazing than I realized.
Speaker 1: Should we take a break and talk about their stinger Yes,
Speaker 1: all right, we'll be right back for stinger talk. H
Speaker 1: all right, welcome to stinger talk. I'm Chuck, I'm Josh,
Speaker 1: I'm waiting. No, I'm Ted. I guess it makes me Steve. Yeah, uh,
Speaker 1: washed stings are tough. Um, you kind of mentioned early on.
Speaker 1: It's you know, you get a yellow jacket and that
Speaker 1: that's that doesn't feel great. And obviously we're talking about
Speaker 1: if you're non allergic, and it's not like a legitimate
Speaker 1: threat to your health, and it's just the pain of
Speaker 1: the sting that we're rating here. Yellow jacket sting isn't great,
Speaker 1: but a washting and a hornet sting is really something else.
Speaker 1: It's I feel like it. It hurts more and for longer,
Speaker 1: and for good reason, because it actually does. Um like
Speaker 1: b venom is its own thing, shares a lot in
Speaker 1: common with wasp venom. Wasp venom seems to be this
Speaker 1: extraordinarily highly developed, like biological weapon, that is, this cocktail
Speaker 1: of different kinds of compounds that all come together to
Speaker 1: produce a horrible pain sensation that lasts longer and has
Speaker 1: a greater impact on your body than anything the actual
Speaker 1: sting produces. And that's apparently the whole reason behind it
Speaker 1: is it makes the wasp seem way less vulnerable than
Speaker 1: they actually are. It seems like they're way more powerful,
Speaker 1: and for all intents and purposes, they are. But like
Speaker 1: if you if you could take the venom out of
Speaker 1: the sting, the sting would would do basically nothing to you.
Speaker 1: But because that the venom is introduced by that sting,
Speaker 1: that venom is so potent. It's like one of the
Speaker 1: worst things in the world to get stung by a wasp. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and the actual stinger itself was It has a pretty
Speaker 1: remarkable evolutionary story. Uh So, here's what happens. In the
Speaker 1: prehistoric times. This parasitic wasp would use this ovipositor that's
Speaker 1: actually you know, the egg laying organ. They would use
Speaker 1: this pointy thing to lay the egg on a living insect,
Speaker 1: Like they would lay the egg on the caterpillar. Then
Speaker 1: these little larvae would hatch out and then they would
Speaker 1: eat that caterpillar. The larvae would so at some point,
Speaker 1: as things are evolving along, Mother Nature says, you know,
Speaker 1: it would be even better than this is if you
Speaker 1: could saw open that caterpillar with this ovipause it or
Speaker 1: and lay eggs inside of this thing. And that's exactly
Speaker 1: what happened, right, um, which made a lot of sense.
Speaker 1: And I think there's a lot of um wasp species,
Speaker 1: there's at least some that still do this, Like rather
Speaker 1: than build a nest, they just go find an insect
Speaker 1: host and lay some eggs on it or lay some
Speaker 1: eggs in it and then just let the larvae eat
Speaker 1: the eat the inside out. But um, most I think
Speaker 1: have evolved to kind of use some different techniques, which
Speaker 1: we'll talk about in a little bit, But the stinger
Speaker 1: itself stuck around even after it stopped being used to
Speaker 1: actually deposit eggs into the insects directly. That's right. Uh.
Speaker 1: And you talked about the venom that's obviously produced in
Speaker 1: the venom gland stored in a little venom sack, a
Speaker 1: little bur lapsack inside the wasp body, and then it
Speaker 1: seeps out. It's got it. It's a barbedlous stinger. It's
Speaker 1: just like a straight, little pointy thing, but it seeps
Speaker 1: out through these little valves and coats the entire stinger.
Speaker 1: And so they store this stinger inside of a sheath
Speaker 1: and are always kind of ready to use it. And
Speaker 1: you know, like we said, it's only the females because
Speaker 1: it was an ovipositor. But the males can pretend like
Speaker 1: like they'll rear their little butt your way and say
Speaker 1: stay away from me. You don't know if I'm a
Speaker 1: male or female. Right, you don't want to look too closely, right, right,
Speaker 1: Which is just hilarious, But it also didn't that show
Speaker 1: like a certain level of intelligence as well. I think so,
Speaker 1: or at the very least, there's too bluff some Yeah,
Speaker 1: the bluff, you know, that's that takes intelligence, um, which
Speaker 1: is I think another another indicator that wasps are amazing. Yeah,
Speaker 1: And like you sort of hinted at the reason this
Speaker 1: venom is so powerful is has as has a couple
Speaker 1: of functions. Is one is just the simple function of
Speaker 1: paralyzing those insects, and the other is as a defense,
Speaker 1: Like it's it's meant to sting something much much larger
Speaker 1: and have that thing hurt so bad that it thinks
Speaker 1: it's hurt a lot worse than it is and like
Speaker 1: just wants to get out of there basically, right. And
Speaker 1: then that combined with um, they're very usually very bright
Speaker 1: colorings because you know, usually the more colorful an animal is,
Speaker 1: the more toxic. It is just kind of a universal
Speaker 1: symbol in nature to just steer clear. Um, And hornets
Speaker 1: and wasps typically are fairly colorful as far as insects go.
Speaker 1: So those two things combined can teach a larger animal
Speaker 1: pretty quickly to just leave them alone. And that's kind
Speaker 1: of how how wasps have have made it this long.
Speaker 1: I mean they've been around for more than a hundred
Speaker 1: million years. You know, Um, that's a pretty successful species.
Speaker 1: Or family of insects. Yeah, and that includes humans. Obviously.
Speaker 1: If you go poking around a hornets nest or washing
Speaker 1: nest and you get stung, you're not going to finish
Speaker 1: the job. You know, You're probably just gonna get out
Speaker 1: of there. Yeah. Yeah, hopefully you can learn your lesson
Speaker 1: that first time, you know, or maybe you don't even
Speaker 1: have to learn it directly, you can just know to
Speaker 1: stay away from the wah. So what's in that venom?
Speaker 1: Some really good stuff. I actually found even more stuff
Speaker 1: than Robert included here. There's some peptides and some enzymes um.
Speaker 1: Some of the enzymes include fosseh full pace A and
Speaker 1: B fosse follow pace am bi um and these actually
Speaker 1: break down the membrane and lipid um coating of cells
Speaker 1: in your body to basically spill their guts into your
Speaker 1: blood stream, and that includes neurons. Neural cells can be
Speaker 1: spilled into your blood stream when they encounter this peptide,
Speaker 1: which sends a excruciating pain um notification to your brain
Speaker 1: saying alert Alert, you're in a tremendous amount of pain.
Speaker 1: That's just like step one. Yeah. They also have nora
Speaker 1: and effort in there, which stops the blood flow temporarily.
Speaker 1: And that's why I like that when said it feels
Speaker 1: like it lasts longer. I feel like that's the Nora
Speaker 1: epern nor Eperneffer network because it just sort of sits
Speaker 1: in one place and eventually the bloodstream is going to
Speaker 1: kind of dilude it away, but it kind of hangs
Speaker 1: out there for a little while. Yeah, that's just mean. Um.
Speaker 1: There's also a setyal coline, which actually goes to your
Speaker 1: pain receptors and stimulates them, right. And there's also histamines um.
Speaker 1: And histamines are released by your body. They're they're responsible
Speaker 1: for the inflammatory response, but they also um. The the
Speaker 1: venom in a wasps venom as includes histamines directly to
Speaker 1: just to make sure that it gets that inflammation good
Speaker 1: and good and primed. Yeah. And then there's I was
Speaker 1: hoping you would take this part because of that word.
Speaker 1: You want to try it high Laurona days. Well, I
Speaker 1: use hyaluronic acid under my eyes, So what's that. It's like, Uh,
Speaker 1: it's an acid. Um, I don't know, I think for
Speaker 1: bags and it's generally keep yeah yeah, yeah, just to
Speaker 1: keep your eyes looking sharp. I noticed your eyes look
Speaker 1: always look so sharp. I thought I thought you'd notice eventually, So, uh,
Speaker 1: that thing that you just talked about, and then something
Speaker 1: a day m c d P mass cell degranulating peptide.
Speaker 1: This stuff actually melts through the connective tissue between cells
Speaker 1: and basically just sort of it destroys those membranes and
Speaker 1: allows the venom to move a little more freely than
Speaker 1: it would ordinarily. Yeah, and the the mass cell degranulating
Speaker 1: peptide degranulating means that it basically goes to your mass
Speaker 1: cells and squeezes the histamines out of them. So not
Speaker 1: only does it contain histamines already, and not only does
Speaker 1: it trigger a histamine response or release, it goes and
Speaker 1: gets it out of the cells that normally carry your
Speaker 1: around in your in your immune system. Um, so it's
Speaker 1: just really mean nasty stuff. One of the other things
Speaker 1: I saw that they've just started to kind of um
Speaker 1: pay attention to is called Brady Brady kinnan and it's
Speaker 1: associated with chronic pain. So on top of acute pain production,
Speaker 1: they're like, how about a little dose of what it
Speaker 1: feels like they have chronic pain too in the mix
Speaker 1: of all of this stuff. And then Chuck tell me,
Speaker 1: this is an astounding I got a couple more. One
Speaker 1: thing is just called antigen five, which is as cryptic
Speaker 1: as it comes. They don't know exactly what role it plays,
Speaker 1: but they know it's a very powerful allergen. And then
Speaker 1: there's a couple of peptides that are antimicrobial, which prevent
Speaker 1: the wasp from contracting an infection from a prey that
Speaker 1: it's puts its stinger in. Wow. Yeah, and then amazing,
Speaker 1: like this is some amazing stuff. Yeah, and I didn't see.
Speaker 1: I saw that hornets can staying again and again and again,
Speaker 1: but I don't know about the wasp in general. Is
Speaker 1: that the case? Yes, definitely, because the hornet is just
Speaker 1: a type of what so you've got like mud daubers.
Speaker 1: The kind of wasp hornet is a kind of wasp,
Speaker 1: And there's like many types of hornets, but they're all wasps,
Speaker 1: that's right, you know. So, yeah, they can sting again
Speaker 1: and again and again, which apparently is another reason why
Speaker 1: they're sting. Hurts so bad. They can do this to
Speaker 1: you and inject this venom into you. I saw one
Speaker 1: expert interviewed on a different house Stuff Works article that said,
Speaker 1: in average of ten times, like if you get stung
Speaker 1: by wasp, usually you're gonna get stung more than once,
Speaker 1: and it can be ten times, I guess on average.
Speaker 1: I don't know if they just pull that out of
Speaker 1: the air, but they were a wasp expert, so hopefully not. Well,
Speaker 1: you know, there's murder hornets that are making the news
Speaker 1: these days in the States. Those things can kill small
Speaker 1: rodents with a full charge of a sting. Right the
Speaker 1: Asian giant hornet, which they found I think I think
Speaker 1: three of them in the Pacific north West that they
Speaker 1: thought they got rid of last year, but it turns
Speaker 1: out they survived the winter a queen did. And um,
Speaker 1: you know, they call the murder hornets because they kill
Speaker 1: bees and those I didn't know this it was a
Speaker 1: big because it was just sort of a backpage thing,
Speaker 1: But in two thousand sixteen, a package of murder hornets
Speaker 1: was intercepted at San Francisco International Airport and they destroyed
Speaker 1: that so it didn't become a thing. But they're a
Speaker 1: real threat to be so that's why people are sort
Speaker 1: of writing about murder hornets now invading as an invasive
Speaker 1: species here in the US. Yeah, And I mean like
Speaker 1: it's really doing an injustice to the hornets unfortunately, because
Speaker 1: calling a murder hornets, like if you read some of
Speaker 1: the articles on it, like people will say outright like, oh,
Speaker 1: they'll they can kill people very easily, and that's just
Speaker 1: absolutely not true, um, and it makes it sound like
Speaker 1: they're a threat to humans. Like you said, the big
Speaker 1: threat is to honey bees, and specifically it's to European
Speaker 1: honey bees because they haven't evolved around um, murder hornets
Speaker 1: or Asian giant hornets. Asian honey bees have and they
Speaker 1: actually have a defense to where when um, the giant
Speaker 1: hornets show up, like you're saying, they just like murder
Speaker 1: hornet is a good term if you're a honey bee,
Speaker 1: because just a few of them showing up at a
Speaker 1: hive can just destroy a colony in a few hours,
Speaker 1: and they do it in a really brutal way. They
Speaker 1: like they decapitate the bees and just kill an entire
Speaker 1: colony in a few hours. And they do it because
Speaker 1: they're one of the few species that that um. They're omnivorous,
Speaker 1: but most of their food comes from meat. They're mostly carnivores,
Speaker 1: so they're eating all these bees. Basically, they they just
Speaker 1: carry your baby right off out of its crib um.
Speaker 1: But they can wipe out a whole colony like this
Speaker 1: if they run into a Asian honeybee colony. Those bees
Speaker 1: have developed a response where they'll swarm around one of
Speaker 1: the Asian giant hornets and they'll flap their wings a
Speaker 1: bunch and generate heat and they'll cook the hornet alive
Speaker 1: inside the swarm that was. That's their defense. European honey bees,
Speaker 1: which make up a lot of the honey bees, most
Speaker 1: of the honey bees in the United States, they don't
Speaker 1: have that defense. So it's a big problem. If the
Speaker 1: Asian giant hornet gets a foothold here, Yeah, and it
Speaker 1: will pack a lot more of a punch to um.
Speaker 1: They have about seven times uh potency as a honey
Speaker 1: bees venom. And as far as the pain scale, they
Speaker 1: likened it getting stung by an murder hornet is they
Speaker 1: likened it to like between three and ten, Like if
Speaker 1: you were to be stung by three to ten yellow
Speaker 1: jackets all at once. So awful because the yellow jackets
Speaker 1: thing is nothing to sneeze at either. That's kind of
Speaker 1: wasp you know. Yeah, I don't get I haven't been
Speaker 1: stung in a long long time, knock would knock on wood.
Speaker 1: I got stung a couple of summers ago. I'm not
Speaker 1: allergic or anything, but you know my story, I told
Speaker 1: it back with the B thing was when I was
Speaker 1: hiking that time and I got tagged eleven times in
Speaker 1: the face and neck when I stumbled. It was one
Speaker 1: of those underground hives that I just walked over, and
Speaker 1: you know, you see two or three bees, You're like, oh,
Speaker 1: what's going on? Then you see tin and then all
Speaker 1: of a sudden that they're everywhere and you're just running
Speaker 1: like a moron through the woods toward the river basically.
Speaker 1: But yeah, I got hit eleven times, and uh, you
Speaker 1: know that could have killed me if I was allergic
Speaker 1: out in the middle of nowhere like that. Sure, I
Speaker 1: thought you were allergic, so we just lied on the
Speaker 1: episode of Ye. Yeah, it was painful that there was
Speaker 1: one I think that got the deepest on my eyebrow bone,
Speaker 1: my orbital bone, and it went straight through and I
Speaker 1: could I could almost feel it all my bone, and
Speaker 1: that's the one like A had a hard time getting
Speaker 1: it out. It was so embedded and it felt like
Speaker 1: somebody and I know I used the same analogy back then,
Speaker 1: But it felt like somebody had a tiny little you know,
Speaker 1: little nails you hang pictures with. I felt like somebody
Speaker 1: had that poking that bone and they were just tapping
Speaker 1: it with a hammer in this like regular beat. It
Speaker 1: is awful. It's terrible. Man alive. Yeah, it sounds like
Speaker 1: you stepped on a yellow jacket nest because they nest
Speaker 1: in the ground and they follow you to like they
Speaker 1: were gonna until I got you going. Huh. I think
Speaker 1: we should take a break maybe and talk about nesting
Speaker 1: right after this. Yeah, m hm, okay, chuck. So we're
Speaker 1: moving on from venom. I think we made our point.
Speaker 1: Venom from wash is pretty serious. Um, And if you
Speaker 1: want to avoid getting injected with venom from wasps, you
Speaker 1: want to learn to know what a wasp nest looks
Speaker 1: like so you can avoid the wasp nest altogether. Because
Speaker 1: some wasps are more aggressive than others, and if you
Speaker 1: get anywhere near their nest, they're gonna be like, let
Speaker 1: me just give you a little lesson about getting close
Speaker 1: to my nest, and they'll stay sting you right if
Speaker 1: you want to get away. So the um kinds of
Speaker 1: nests that you see um hanging from trees. That's a
Speaker 1: kind of wasp nest. That's paper wasp nest um. There's
Speaker 1: mud dauber nests. There's nests in the ground that are
Speaker 1: yellow jacket nests. Wasps make a bunch of different kinds
Speaker 1: of nests, and for you to survive in the world,
Speaker 1: you have to know what each one looks like and
Speaker 1: be able to sense them out with your your nose. Yeah.
Speaker 1: When I think of of wasp nest and Georgia, at least,
Speaker 1: I think of that honeycomb style where it's just a
Speaker 1: bunch of little tiny holes and it looks like it's
Speaker 1: made out of paper, because it kind of is in
Speaker 1: a way. Yeah, I think those are bald faced um
Speaker 1: hornets or wasps, I can't remember which one. The wasps,
Speaker 1: and they actually chew up would fragments that they'll get from,
Speaker 1: say like your deck or if your kid only has
Speaker 1: those old timey wood toys, they might chew those up
Speaker 1: if they're in the yard. And then they take that
Speaker 1: and turn it into actual pulp like paper, and they
Speaker 1: spit it out and make a basically a paper mache nest,
Speaker 1: which is pretty impressive. But that's why those things look
Speaker 1: like their paper mache because they basically are yeah, and
Speaker 1: they're light like paper machee. Um, and they're fairly intricate
Speaker 1: if you look at them. They have some of them
Speaker 1: have what looks like a little roof eaves. Um. They
Speaker 1: can be there, like I said, super light, so they
Speaker 1: can be dangling from a really small sort of thread like, uh,
Speaker 1: I don't even know what you would call it, just
Speaker 1: a thread. Yeah, it's sort of like thread. I guess
Speaker 1: suspension cable. Yeah, suspension cable exactly. We'll go with that
Speaker 1: because it sounds like it's a little stirredier. Although is
Speaker 1: that the kind that you found in your yard today? Yeah?
Speaker 1: I found let the dogs out. Yeah, I found one
Speaker 1: of those, uh, laying on the ground when I was
Speaker 1: a kid. You know, the big hornets nest that are
Speaker 1: the big sort of um. Also sort of looks like
Speaker 1: paper machee, but it's more gray and it doesn't have
Speaker 1: the little holes. It's just got one central entry point
Speaker 1: and it's about as big as a football. Yeah. Those
Speaker 1: were sort of like country decor. Did you ever know
Speaker 1: anyone who had one of those in the house? Yes, murderers,
Speaker 1: serial killers, So we had one. My dad climbed up
Speaker 1: a tree to get one of these. It was emptied,
Speaker 1: thank goodness. Uh. And we had that thing, you know,
Speaker 1: mounted on a log above our fireplace for years. Really. Yeah,
Speaker 1: it was weird, that fascinating. Yeah, I don't remember which
Speaker 1: kind that is. And I mean, I've looked at so
Speaker 1: much stuff about wasting. I think it was the white
Speaker 1: faced hornet if I'm not mistaken. Okay, is that who
Speaker 1: it is? All right? You can get pretty big in there. Yes,
Speaker 1: and they're big, um, the like you said, the size
Speaker 1: of a football. Their nests can get pretty big. Um.
Speaker 1: But yeah, they that's a good one to avoid. I
Speaker 1: didn't realize that they were aggressive. Huh. Yeah, you don't
Speaker 1: want to mess around with one of those nests. You
Speaker 1: don't want to go poking it. From what I saw,
Speaker 1: the mud daubers, which actually make theirs out of mud.
Speaker 1: They're the ones that you know, those tubes that usually
Speaker 1: come down from like the ceiling, down the wall. Those
Speaker 1: are actually mud tubes that the mud dauber has made.
Speaker 1: And mud daubers, we should say, they're basically two kinds
Speaker 1: of wasps in the world. Wasps and hornets, social and
Speaker 1: solitary and solitary is exactly what it sounds like. They
Speaker 1: it's just a single wasp of female living on her own. Um.
Speaker 1: She'll mate with some male wasp and then go off
Speaker 1: make her own nest, either burrowing into the ground or
Speaker 1: if she's a mud daubers, she'll make a mud nest.
Speaker 1: So when you see a mud daubers nest, like stop
Speaker 1: and be like, I respect that because that was made
Speaker 1: by one single wasp on her own with zero help whatsoever.
Speaker 1: She made that nest um, which I just find extremely impressive,
Speaker 1: by chewing up mud and just slowly but surely building it,
Speaker 1: spinning mud out onto the wall. Yeah, and if you're
Speaker 1: a social wasp, you are. It's sort of be like
Speaker 1: and that they're working for the queen. Um maybe more
Speaker 1: than one queen even, But you have these male drones
Speaker 1: that are there to mate, and you have these female
Speaker 1: workers who build the nest and they hunt for food
Speaker 1: and tend to these little larvae. But it's basically all
Speaker 1: about getting the queen to live through the winter to
Speaker 1: the next season. Um. Like, they will all leave the nest,
Speaker 1: and I think I think the queen is the only
Speaker 1: thing that overwinters, Isn't that right, yeah, yeah, the queen. Yeah.
Speaker 1: If they raised queen larvae um, the queen will will
Speaker 1: live until the next winter and start over again, basically
Speaker 1: creating eggs of sterile female workers to help her to
Speaker 1: hatch and then help her build up the hive, raise
Speaker 1: um male drones or now is the drone the worker,
Speaker 1: No drones, the male that's just used for reproduction, right, um,
Speaker 1: and then eventually raise little queens UM. So it's pretty
Speaker 1: pretty interesting, especially as far as like social insects go.
Speaker 1: There are very few species of um social wasps and hornets,
Speaker 1: but the ones they are that are pretty they're they're
Speaker 1: highly social. Even among like social insects, they have pretty
Speaker 1: intricate complex societies like UM. Some of these the social
Speaker 1: wasp nests I think UM, including yellow jackets, will have
Speaker 1: multiple queens and there's one head queen who has basically
Speaker 1: beaten up other queens to establish her dominance, and then
Speaker 1: she'll have the most eggs, and then the next layer
Speaker 1: down will have the second most eggs, and so on
Speaker 1: and so forth. And that takes like a certain amount
Speaker 1: of cooperation to maintain and respect that type of hierarchy,
Speaker 1: to keep that society functioning the way it should, especially
Speaker 1: considering you have to to reinvent the wheel every year
Speaker 1: after winter comes and goes. Yeah, yeah, absolutely, uh. And
Speaker 1: they talk to each other too, in a way. They communicate,
Speaker 1: especially if there's a threat via pheromones. So that's why
Speaker 1: you were more likely to get swarmed rather than just
Speaker 1: like if you're an actual threat to a to a nest,
Speaker 1: they can send a signal that says, hey, everybody, this
Speaker 1: jerk over here has gotta This kid has got a
Speaker 1: stick and he's coming at us. Let's get him. And
Speaker 1: if they if they die, actually they release that. It's
Speaker 1: like a byproduct of their death is releasing that same pheromone.
Speaker 1: Basically they turned into like Harry Dean Stanton in Red
Speaker 1: Dawn where they're like, avenge me. Uh, I guess I
Speaker 1: have that one written. I guess you didn't see the
Speaker 1: video then of the the tarantula hawk, since you're not, no,
Speaker 1: but I've seen one in person. Actually, yeah. The pepsis
Speaker 1: wasp is known as the tarantula hawk because they lay
Speaker 1: eggs inside of a paralyzed tarantula and the larvae eat
Speaker 1: the tarantula from the inside out. And I was like,
Speaker 1: I gotta, I gotta see this, and of course on
Speaker 1: YouTube there is a pepsis wasp battling it out with
Speaker 1: a tarantula and it's no match. Uh, and it paralyzes
Speaker 1: this tarantula and drags him back like a great distance. Yeah,
Speaker 1: one thing pulling this tarantula across the ground, but which
Speaker 1: is much much, much larger. But the tarantula, like you said,
Speaker 1: it is no match. And even among humans, I think
Speaker 1: that tarantula hawks um sting is like a four out
Speaker 1: of four on the Schmidt pain scale, Like it's as
Speaker 1: bad as it gets. Because you know, why don't They
Speaker 1: asked Mr Schmidt, how bad is it hurt? And he's like,
Speaker 1: oh my gosh, it's terrible, he said, yeah, um, but yes.
Speaker 1: And they're very bright blue and orange too, which is
Speaker 1: another another indicator, like stay away. If you see anything
Speaker 1: it's really colorful, just assume it can it can mess
Speaker 1: you up pretty good. Don't like tantula hawk. That's the
Speaker 1: kids don't like that colorful frog. So but even if
Speaker 1: they even if it's not a wasp taking down a
Speaker 1: tarantula and laying eggs inside it that eat the tarantula
Speaker 1: from the inside out. Um, almost all wasp species, if
Speaker 1: not add percent of wash species. Um. They like we said,
Speaker 1: they raised their young by by paralyzing other insects, dragging
Speaker 1: them to their nest, and laying the eggs nearby, leaving
Speaker 1: the bug to be paralyzed and still alive. When the
Speaker 1: egg hatches, and larva crawls over and starts eating that
Speaker 1: bug alive. And this is one reason why wasps have
Speaker 1: such a bad rap, because it's just such a brutal
Speaker 1: circle of life. It really is, yeah, especially from the
Speaker 1: perspective of the insect. And apparently Charles Darwin said, um,
Speaker 1: when he witnessed this happening to a cute little caterpillar,
Speaker 1: that it made it difficult for him to believe in
Speaker 1: an omnipresent and beneficent God, because what kind of God
Speaker 1: would allow a poor, acute little caterpillar to do that.
Speaker 1: The thing is that Charles Darwin, I mean, he liked
Speaker 1: to puts around in the garden, but he was not
Speaker 1: a farmer. If you're a farmer, you're probably kind of
Speaker 1: happy to see a wasp larva eating a caterpillar, because
Speaker 1: caterpillars eat your crops. And if you ask me, Um,
Speaker 1: this is where we get to the part about the
Speaker 1: roles that lost playing in the ecosystem, and why you
Speaker 1: shouldn't just go willy nilly killing them. Yeah, I mean
Speaker 1: they'll bring in wasps. Farmers well sometimes if they have
Speaker 1: like a insect issue, because the wasp is going to
Speaker 1: take care of that naturally and you won't have to
Speaker 1: use you know, insecticide and stuff like that. No. So, Plus, also,
Speaker 1: bees are usually kind of finicky I saw as far
Speaker 1: as what they'll pollinate and what they won't. Wasps are
Speaker 1: not at all finnicky. They'll pollinate whatever. So they're non
Speaker 1: selected pollinators, which make them like you could use them
Speaker 1: to pollinate any kind of crop, which makes them pretty helpful.
Speaker 1: And so they control other crop destroying insects and they
Speaker 1: also pollinate crops too, so they are pretty useful. So
Speaker 1: that means that you shouldn't just go around killing them.
Speaker 1: I think we should say it again. You shouldn't kill
Speaker 1: anything except mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. And you also can't say, well,
Speaker 1: they're they're a threat to humans because I looked up
Speaker 1: some stats. Chuck, you ready for this? Yeah, you're not
Speaker 1: gonna get killed with from a wasp, are you? No?
Speaker 1: I mean yeah, but no, you're not so combined bees,
Speaker 1: wasps and hornets, and hornets are just another type of wasp.
Speaker 1: Is that so? Yeah? I hadn't hurt um. They kill
Speaker 1: about sixty two Americans every year from anaphylactic shock. Right.
Speaker 1: By contrast, three hundred Americans die from falling off of
Speaker 1: ladders every year. In the UK. Get this, between two
Speaker 1: thousand six two thousand and seven, eight people died from bees,
Speaker 1: wasps or hornet stings. I'm including bees here, by the way.
Speaker 1: And then in Australia, where you would guess that half
Speaker 1: the human population is killed off every year by bees
Speaker 1: and wasps and has to regenerate every spring. Now, between
Speaker 1: two thousand and two thousand thirteen, there are only twenty
Speaker 1: seven deaths total for the that thirteen years from bees, wasps,
Speaker 1: and hornets things, which is pretty astounding. But it all
Speaker 1: goes to say, like, don't listen to the murder hornet wrap.
Speaker 1: The hornets and the wasps aren't out to kill you.
Speaker 1: They don't want you anywhere near their nests. But they're
Speaker 1: not like trying to to to wipe out your family.
Speaker 1: They just want to be left alone. Basically, the murder
Speaker 1: hornet wrap now here is a hornet and it's here
Speaker 1: to say, come to kill people in a major way.
Speaker 1: I think I can't wait to re listen to this
Speaker 1: one because I'm pretty sure you said that they kill
Speaker 1: sixty two million Americans every year. No, I think you did.
Speaker 1: I might have been hearing things. It might have been
Speaker 1: a computer glitch. Just sixty two, Okay, six to the two.
Speaker 1: I really am curious. M On if you said a million,
Speaker 1: so we'll find that will be an Easter egg for
Speaker 1: us only. Uh so, yeah, don't kill the wasps. If
Speaker 1: you have what you think is a wasp problem at
Speaker 1: your house, you really don't unless it's you know, I mean,
Speaker 1: if you have a really big wasp nest, like right
Speaker 1: above your front door or something, I could see maybe
Speaker 1: a case being made for removing it, having it professionally removed.
Speaker 1: Or if your kids are playing out back and there's
Speaker 1: a sinkhole from a yellow jacket's underground hundreds of yellow
Speaker 1: jack and if you're allergic, getting that removed too. But
Speaker 1: in general, like wasting and after you, they don't want
Speaker 1: anything to do with you. They're not aggressive towards humans
Speaker 1: unless you're come poking their thing with a stick. Um.
Speaker 1: I love this, Robert says, and this takes like nerves
Speaker 1: of steel, and he's like, if one lands on you, uh,
Speaker 1: don't pay avoid swatting it or making swift movements and
Speaker 1: just kind of sit there and it'll quickly fly off.
Speaker 1: Like I don't want to kill a wasp, but if
Speaker 1: a wasp lands on my arm, and I'm not gonna
Speaker 1: be like, all right, little fella, you're just I'm just
Speaker 1: gonna give you some time, moves me along. No, I would.
Speaker 1: I would freak out and flail. I wouldn't swat at
Speaker 1: it because I feel like I would get stung for sure,
Speaker 1: but I would definitely do you know that, right? You
Speaker 1: got to try not to do that. You have to
Speaker 1: listen to Robert and don't pan good luck. Every time
Speaker 1: I see don't panic in the wild, I just assume
Speaker 1: that it's a reference to the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy,
Speaker 1: don't you. Yeah? I think so. So there's there's standing still.
Speaker 1: That's one thing when one lands on you. Um okay,
Speaker 1: that's that's great. Things you can do to keep them
Speaker 1: from landing on you, though, or to not wear white
Speaker 1: and yellow outdoors, Yeah, okay, I don't like white and yellow.
Speaker 1: They white yellow doesn't look good on me any way. Um,
Speaker 1: but those colors attract insects. Um. You don't want to
Speaker 1: wear perfume because you may confuse them into thinking you're
Speaker 1: a flower. Um. If you have your garbage can uncovered,
Speaker 1: don't stand next to it. You want to cover your
Speaker 1: garbage can, especially if you're us. We gotta we got
Speaker 1: a stink. I always call it the stinkiest garbage can
Speaker 1: in Atlanta. This is pretty bad too. It's a lot
Speaker 1: of years of cat litter. Oh yeah, that's a stinky.
Speaker 1: And then you will You can take down nests yourself
Speaker 1: if it's below sixty degrees fahrenheight or fifteen point five
Speaker 1: degrees celsius because they're probably dead in there anyway, so
Speaker 1: it's a good time to take it down. But for
Speaker 1: the most part, we're just going to go ahead and say,
Speaker 1: don't take down a wasp nest that you want out
Speaker 1: of your yard by yourself. Just don't do it. Hire
Speaker 1: a professional. There are people who will take money in
Speaker 1: exchange for coming to to get a net us out
Speaker 1: of your yard. You can give them money for that,
Speaker 1: and they know what they're doing, so you can feel
Speaker 1: good about that about hiring them, and it also supports
Speaker 1: local business too. Yeah, and don't get that uh was
Speaker 1: ray that sprays from like twenty ft away and just
Speaker 1: go home and like attack these nests with poison. Just
Speaker 1: don't do it. No, stop killing things? What else you got?
Speaker 1: I got one more thing? You have? Anything else? Okay?
Speaker 1: So in Japan, it always circles back to Japan, doesn't
Speaker 1: it chuck if it's quality and good, including their um um,
Speaker 1: including the Asian giant wasp as well as yellow jackets
Speaker 1: and some other types of wasps. Japanese culture or culinary
Speaker 1: culture loves wasp larva. But to get wasp larva, you
Speaker 1: have to go out in the wild, find a wasps
Speaker 1: nest in the summer, and then take it back home
Speaker 1: without stung, and raise the larva yourself. And then when
Speaker 1: they're ready to go, you harvest them and eat them
Speaker 1: in the fall, which is pretty interesting in and of itself, right,
Speaker 1: it gets even more interesting than that because to find
Speaker 1: a wasp nest in the woods, what they do is
Speaker 1: they take raw fish. Japanese love raw fish, but they
Speaker 1: share some of theirs with um wasps and they leave
Speaker 1: it out his bait. And then when a wasp shows up.
Speaker 1: They'll take chopsticks and a little hunk of this this
Speaker 1: fish meat that they have a string tied too, and
Speaker 1: they'll hand it to the wasp, and the wasp will
Speaker 1: fly off with the hunk of fish to take back
Speaker 1: to its larva its eggs, with the string dangling, which
Speaker 1: makes it easier to follow back to the nest. And
Speaker 1: after doing this a few times, they're probably successful enough
Speaker 1: that they track the wasp all the way back. They
Speaker 1: don't lose it, and they find the nest, and then
Speaker 1: that's when they take it home, intend to a larva,
Speaker 1: and then they eat it in the fall. That sounds
Speaker 1: familiar for some reason. I might have heard that before.
Speaker 1: Isn't that uh amazing? Well, that's all I've got for
Speaker 1: wasp Chuck wasp out. Uh So, since Chuck said wasped out,
Speaker 1: that means it's time for the listener mail. I'm gonna
Speaker 1: call this Adam. I think you were wrong and Josh
Speaker 1: was referencing they might be giants. It's a long winded title. Okay,
Speaker 1: Hey guys, in your episode how We Almost Got Rid
Speaker 1: of Polio, you read a listener mail that referred to
Speaker 1: how Flame Thrower's Work episode. However, I'm somewhat sad that
Speaker 1: the reference wasn't made for the they might be Giant song?
Speaker 1: Is Stanboul not Constantinople? Josh made the statement, and it
Speaker 1: was a wonderful wasted opportunity. Well, that's exactly what we're
Speaker 1: talking about, right, Yeah, I said, not Constantinople. Yeah, that
Speaker 1: you were talking about that they might be giants song? Right? Yeah,
Speaker 1: of course you just didn't. He doesn't get me. He
Speaker 1: just didn't say. Hey, by the way, that's that they
Speaker 1: might be giant song. Hey, everybody open up for the
Speaker 1: spoon feeding. Uh, just thought i'd drop you both the line.
Speaker 1: I love the show and enjoy listening to it daily
Speaker 1: to and from work, especially the wit and dry humor.
Speaker 1: It comes over your hands, all right, he said, it's
Speaker 1: very much my style, so much so that you aren't
Speaker 1: sure if that was a joke. Even told wow, this
Speaker 1: is getting very meta. You both make my commute tolerable
Speaker 1: and enjoyable. Thanks, guys. That is from Adam P and
Speaker 1: Gulfport Mississip. Nice Adam for you. From now on, whenever
Speaker 1: I make a joke, I'm gonna add waca Waca'll be
Speaker 1: just for Adam. Thanks a lot, Adam. We appreciate that.
Speaker 1: Thank you for listening to us and for lending us
Speaker 1: rag on you. We do it lovingly and jokingly. We
Speaker 1: hope you know. Of course, if you want us to
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