WEBVTT - White Guns for Hire 0:00:01.680 --> 0:00:06.880 Col Zone Media. 0:00:08.119 --> 0:00:11.600 In early March of nineteen ninety four, three men left 0:00:11.640 --> 0:00:16.720 the Bosnian city of Siroki brieg. German mercenaries Falk Semang 0:00:16.800 --> 0:00:20.240 and Ralph Morakaz were eager for a change of scenery, 0:00:21.600 --> 0:00:24.360 not because they had tired of their lives as soldiers 0:00:24.360 --> 0:00:27.000 of fortune, but because they were in a bit of 0:00:27.080 --> 0:00:31.840 hot water after murdering two of their fellow mercenaries. And 0:00:32.000 --> 0:00:34.919 Ronald Douster, a Dutch mercenary they'd worked with on his 0:00:35.040 --> 0:00:38.839 last stint with the Croatian forces, was happy to recruit 0:00:38.880 --> 0:00:42.040 them to a new mission, one far away from the 0:00:42.080 --> 0:00:46.400 mess they'd made in the Balkans. Before they left, they 0:00:46.440 --> 0:00:50.239 took a few souvenirs, a couple of AK forty sevens, 0:00:50.840 --> 0:00:56.720 one pistol, eight kilos of Semtex, a plastic explosive, and 0:00:56.760 --> 0:01:00.920 a crate of hand grenades. They stashed the stolen weapons 0:01:01.000 --> 0:01:03.680 under the seats of the old citron that Doyster was driving. 0:01:05.120 --> 0:01:09.480 Doyster was no stranger to committing crimes across borders. He'd 0:01:09.520 --> 0:01:12.319 been a soldier for hire for over a decade and 0:01:12.360 --> 0:01:15.040 had served a bit of time in Ireland for arms smuggling. 0:01:16.520 --> 0:01:19.880 He was confident that His expertly forged un press credentials 0:01:19.880 --> 0:01:22.919 were all they'd need to ensure a clean getaway without 0:01:22.959 --> 0:01:28.880 anyone searching the vehicle, and he was right. After driving 0:01:28.920 --> 0:01:34.200 nearly two thousand kilometers, they reached their first destination, the 0:01:34.240 --> 0:01:38.800 Belgian city of Russilara. There they met with Roger Spinewen, 0:01:39.400 --> 0:01:41.560 the leader of a Belgian Neo Nazi group called the 0:01:41.680 --> 0:01:44.960 Order of Flemish Militants. He was a bit of a 0:01:45.040 --> 0:01:49.240 legend in certain circles. He was already an old man, 0:01:49.640 --> 0:01:51.520 but in the seventies he'd led a small group of 0:01:51.560 --> 0:01:57.320 Belgian Nazis in a daring heist of sorts, successfully stealing 0:01:57.320 --> 0:01:59.720 the corpse of a long dead Nazi priest from his 0:01:59.760 --> 0:02:02.880 grip in Austria to be reinterred on his home soil 0:02:02.920 --> 0:02:06.400 in Belgium. And on that day in March of nineteen 0:02:06.480 --> 0:02:10.560 ninety four, Spinewin paid Douster eleven thousand Deutsche marks for 0:02:10.639 --> 0:02:16.760 the stolen weapons, but he gave him one more thing directions. 0:02:17.480 --> 0:02:19.919 It had been Spinewen who had asked Douster to return 0:02:19.960 --> 0:02:23.800 to Bosnia this one last time, not as a mercenary 0:02:23.840 --> 0:02:28.080 this time, but to fetch hardware and recruits for a 0:02:28.120 --> 0:02:33.600 new mission, one in South Africa. The Aeging Neo Nazi 0:02:33.639 --> 0:02:36.959 had spent his life fighting for fascism at home in Belgium. 0:02:37.919 --> 0:02:39.919 His son John was a member of Parliament as a 0:02:40.000 --> 0:02:43.600 leader in the far right party Vlam's Block. But as 0:02:43.639 --> 0:02:46.600 the world continued to change around him, he hoped to 0:02:46.639 --> 0:02:50.320 retire one day in a beautiful white ethno state in 0:02:50.400 --> 0:02:55.280 Southern Africa. Here on the eve of the end of apartheid, though, 0:02:55.840 --> 0:02:58.800 that dream was starting to look less and less likely, 0:03:00.240 --> 0:03:03.720 unless they could incite enough violence in those final months 0:03:03.760 --> 0:03:06.880 to convince the white population of South Africa that they 0:03:06.919 --> 0:03:11.240 needed to secede to form a new pure white nation. 0:03:12.880 --> 0:03:15.920 And this was the task he'd recruited these mercenaries for. 0:03:17.800 --> 0:03:21.800 It wasn't safe to depart directly from Belgium, the authorities 0:03:21.840 --> 0:03:26.480 there were already a little suspicious. Instead, the mercenaries took 0:03:26.480 --> 0:03:30.280 the ferry across the English Channel to Ramsgate, a seaside 0:03:30.280 --> 0:03:34.760 town in Kent. There, with an introduction from Spinowin, they 0:03:34.760 --> 0:03:38.800 made their next contacts, members of the British fascist group, 0:03:39.200 --> 0:03:43.240 the League of Saint George. They spent a few days 0:03:43.240 --> 0:03:46.280 there making final preparations for their journey with the help 0:03:46.320 --> 0:03:50.120 of their new English friends. This was becoming something of 0:03:50.160 --> 0:03:53.520 a routine for the members of the League of Saint George. 0:03:53.600 --> 0:03:56.080 Just two months earlier, they'd hosted another batch of German 0:03:56.120 --> 0:04:00.560 mercenaries making the same trip. They didn't know just yet 0:04:01.080 --> 0:04:05.440 that one of those men was already dead. On the 0:04:05.480 --> 0:04:07.840 evening before Doyster and the Germans were scheduled to fly 0:04:07.880 --> 0:04:11.600 out of Heathrow, Roger Spinwen dispatched one of his sons 0:04:11.640 --> 0:04:17.480 to Ramsgate with one final message for the mercenaries. Willie 0:04:17.560 --> 0:04:21.520 Spinowen handed Ronald Doyster a sealed envelope and passed along 0:04:21.560 --> 0:04:26.039 his father's order. Doyster was to personally hand deliver this 0:04:26.200 --> 0:04:29.960 envelope to the woman who would meet him at the airport, 0:04:30.320 --> 0:04:38.120 a woman named Monica Huggin. I'm Molly Conger and this 0:04:39.160 --> 0:04:57.880 is weird, little guys. This is the part of the 0:04:57.920 --> 0:05:00.960 story where we finally rejoined them women. We started with 0:05:02.000 --> 0:05:09.680 Monica Huggett Stone. It's been a long, strange journey. We 0:05:09.760 --> 0:05:13.400 started out a few weeks ago in twenty twelve in Sacramento, California, 0:05:14.880 --> 0:05:18.400 American neo Nazis from the Golden State Skinheads were rallying 0:05:18.400 --> 0:05:22.560 outside the state Capitol holding the flag of apartheid South Africa, 0:05:23.560 --> 0:05:26.800 when counter protesters from a nearby occupy encampment showed up 0:05:26.960 --> 0:05:32.000 to heckle them. What an odd site, those skinheads in 0:05:32.040 --> 0:05:35.080 their black jackets rallying for the imaginary cause of a 0:05:35.120 --> 0:05:39.880 white genocide against South African farmers. That rally was one 0:05:39.880 --> 0:05:42.760 of more than a dozen simultaneous rallies across the United 0:05:42.760 --> 0:05:46.400 States that day, though they were mostly poorly attended and 0:05:46.480 --> 0:05:50.600 some were barely publicized, and all of them were organized 0:05:50.640 --> 0:05:54.640 by a short lived Aryan Nations affiliated group called the 0:05:54.680 --> 0:06:01.080 South Africa Project, and that group itself was almost certainly 0:06:01.120 --> 0:06:05.280 really just two people, a longtime Arian Nations member named 0:06:05.320 --> 0:06:13.119 Maurice Goulette and a mysterious woman in Louisiana named Monica Stone. 0:06:13.360 --> 0:06:16.839 I'm always surprised by the twists and turns that these 0:06:16.839 --> 0:06:20.560 stories take. Once you start turning over a few rocks, 0:06:20.640 --> 0:06:24.599 there's always some bizarre new ankle that takes us miles 0:06:24.600 --> 0:06:28.120 from where I thought we were going. But this one 0:06:28.520 --> 0:06:30.960 has been the strangest ride of any weird little guy 0:06:31.040 --> 0:06:35.720 so far. In this chapter of the story, we'll try 0:06:35.760 --> 0:06:40.240 to trace the paths of these European mercenaries from Bosnia 0:06:40.680 --> 0:06:44.720 to South Africa. It turns out there was an international 0:06:44.760 --> 0:06:48.920 network to funnel guns for hire from one conflict to another. 0:06:50.520 --> 0:06:53.440 And as cloak and dagger as all of that sounds, 0:06:54.279 --> 0:07:01.360 it wasn't really a secret, not entirely. Searchlight magazine had 0:07:01.400 --> 0:07:05.680 reported on the scheme months before. Those German mercenaries even 0:07:05.680 --> 0:07:11.360 bought their plane tickets. Every year for decades now, European 0:07:11.400 --> 0:07:14.760 Neo Nazis gather in the Belgian city of Dixmude for 0:07:14.840 --> 0:07:18.600 an international fascist get together, and at the event in 0:07:18.680 --> 0:07:21.840 nineteen ninety three, there was a lot of talk about 0:07:22.400 --> 0:07:28.200 changing their focus, about redirecting mercenaries from the Balkans to 0:07:28.280 --> 0:07:34.600 South Africa, and plans were made. At least fifteen mercenaries 0:07:34.600 --> 0:07:37.400 were pledged to be dispatched in early nineteen ninety four 0:07:38.160 --> 0:07:41.720 with plans to fight alongside Robert vent Honter's Borostock Party. 0:07:43.080 --> 0:07:48.560 All of this was published in print in English in 0:07:48.640 --> 0:07:55.520 the fall of nineteen ninety three, months before this actually happened. 0:07:55.760 --> 0:07:59.720 That same publication. Searchlight Magazine would eventually uncover more of 0:07:59.720 --> 0:08:01.960 the d tales about what went on at Dixmuda in 0:08:02.040 --> 0:08:06.200 nineteen ninety three. It was at this summit that Roger 0:08:06.240 --> 0:08:10.440 Spinewin recruited Ronald Doyster to return to Bosnia to recruit 0:08:10.480 --> 0:08:15.320 more mercenaries for South Africa. And according to another source, 0:08:16.120 --> 0:08:19.200 it was also sometime in late nineteen ninety three that 0:08:19.320 --> 0:08:23.080 Roger Spinwin paid a visit to South Africa himself at 0:08:23.080 --> 0:08:27.760 the invitation of Monica Huggett. I mentioned a few weeks 0:08:27.760 --> 0:08:31.920 ago that the first step in tracking this Monica Stone, 0:08:32.200 --> 0:08:35.719 the one who organized those rallies in twenty twelve, back 0:08:35.760 --> 0:08:39.240 to her home country of South Africa, was figuring out 0:08:39.240 --> 0:08:43.600 her maiden name, which is Huggitt. And I did that 0:08:43.679 --> 0:08:46.720 by digging up old corporate filings for a Christian identity 0:08:46.800 --> 0:08:51.160 church called the New Christian Crusade Church. And the New 0:08:51.240 --> 0:08:55.120 Christian Crusade Church was run by a man named James K. Warner. 0:08:57.080 --> 0:09:00.880 I don't think Warner necessarily qualifies as a big name, 0:09:01.880 --> 0:09:04.280 but he shows up in a lot of big stories. 0:09:05.960 --> 0:09:08.400 He was an early member of George Lincoln Rockwell's American 0:09:08.520 --> 0:09:11.480 Nazi Party. He was a leading member of the short 0:09:11.520 --> 0:09:15.480 lived National States Rights Party, and in his clan days, 0:09:16.080 --> 0:09:20.360 he was a very close friend of David Duke, I've 0:09:20.440 --> 0:09:23.640 left myself a note to come back to James K Warner. 0:09:23.720 --> 0:09:26.600 I think there's some real weird little guy stuff going 0:09:26.600 --> 0:09:30.640 on here, and I do have a quick correction to make. 0:09:31.160 --> 0:09:33.640 As much as it pains me, I just realized I 0:09:33.720 --> 0:09:37.840 misspoke in the last episode where I mentioned James K Warner, 0:09:38.360 --> 0:09:42.959 I called him Robert K Warner careless. Honestly, I should 0:09:43.000 --> 0:09:45.560 have caught that. But to be honest with you, I'm 0:09:45.559 --> 0:09:48.680 recording this at one in the morning, and this is 0:09:49.120 --> 0:09:51.760 early by my usual standards. I'm always a little down 0:09:51.800 --> 0:09:55.480 to the wire. But I think what happened there was 0:09:56.120 --> 0:09:59.319 just a slight mix up, because, in my defense, James 0:09:59.360 --> 0:10:03.800 Conrad W. Warner did have a brother named Robert L. Warner, 0:10:04.720 --> 0:10:07.000 and he did use his brother's name on the deeds 0:10:07.040 --> 0:10:10.640 to some of the church property. But it turns out 0:10:10.840 --> 0:10:14.560 that Monica's connection to Robert K Warner may be the 0:10:14.720 --> 0:10:18.120 answer to a question that's been bothering me for weeks. 0:10:19.559 --> 0:10:24.320 How on earth did a woman in South Africa manage 0:10:24.360 --> 0:10:28.520 to join the Ku Klux Klan. If you recall the 0:10:28.559 --> 0:10:32.360 story in the episode two weeks ago, Monica Hugget was 0:10:32.440 --> 0:10:35.520 arrested in nineteen eighty one in connection with a series 0:10:35.559 --> 0:10:38.319 of pro apartheid bombings by a group that called itself 0:10:38.480 --> 0:10:42.599 the Vid Commando, and after her arrest, she agreed to 0:10:42.640 --> 0:10:45.719 testify against the Italian fascists that she'd helped carry out 0:10:45.720 --> 0:10:50.080 those bombings. During the trial, she said she was a 0:10:50.120 --> 0:10:54.840 member of the American Ku Klux Clan, and she told 0:10:54.840 --> 0:10:57.040 the authorities that the books they'd used as a guide 0:10:57.080 --> 0:11:00.200 for making those bombs had been sent to her by 0:11:00.240 --> 0:11:04.880 her American Clan contacts, So she wasn't just a member 0:11:04.920 --> 0:11:09.679 of a Ku Klux Klan style group that operated independently 0:11:09.760 --> 0:11:14.079 in South Africa. She's saying that she has active contact 0:11:14.520 --> 0:11:18.280 with the Klan in the United States because there is 0:11:18.320 --> 0:11:21.319 a big difference there. There have been groups in other 0:11:21.360 --> 0:11:24.920 countries that have adopted the esthetic and the ideology of 0:11:24.960 --> 0:11:29.480 the clan without necessarily maintaining meaningful contact with the group 0:11:29.480 --> 0:11:34.640 they're modeling themselves after. In other examples, what looks like 0:11:34.760 --> 0:11:37.600 a foreign iteration of the clan is actually just an 0:11:37.600 --> 0:11:41.960 American who happens to be living overseas. In the nineteen eighties, 0:11:42.000 --> 0:11:45.160 there was an American serviceman stationed in Germany who claimed 0:11:45.160 --> 0:11:47.760 that he was leading an active clan group in Bavaria, 0:11:48.960 --> 0:11:51.520 and in the Dennis Mahon story, we saw an American 0:11:51.600 --> 0:11:55.440 clansman who traveled internationally trying to spark an interest in 0:11:55.520 --> 0:12:01.000 American clan aesthetics and ideology, but with relatively little success. 0:12:01.600 --> 0:12:05.400 So what Monica's talking about here is something a little different, 0:12:06.800 --> 0:12:11.600 and I was stumped truly. As we'll get to later 0:12:11.640 --> 0:12:15.800 on in the story, I can absolutely connect Monica huggets 0:12:15.800 --> 0:12:19.720 Stone to the American Ku Klux Klan by the nineteen nineties. 0:12:20.200 --> 0:12:23.240 I've got the Federal election commissioned filings to prove that 0:12:23.240 --> 0:12:28.400 that's easy. But I still have no answers when it 0:12:28.440 --> 0:12:32.000 comes to the question of klansmen in South Africa in 0:12:32.040 --> 0:12:38.680 the late nineteen seventies, not in any concrete way. But 0:12:38.760 --> 0:12:43.600 I do have a theory. One of the sources I've 0:12:43.800 --> 0:12:46.520 relied on heavily throughout this series is a nineteen ninety 0:12:46.600 --> 0:12:50.480 nine thesis by Mida Visser on the white fascist movements 0:12:50.480 --> 0:12:54.440 in South Africa in the twentieth century, and she sort 0:12:54.440 --> 0:12:59.840 of hints at this idea. She writes, quote, the activities 0:12:59.840 --> 0:13:03.520 of the clan in South Africa are obscure, although the 0:13:03.520 --> 0:13:06.480 police had no concrete evidence that the movement was active 0:13:06.520 --> 0:13:09.800 in South Africa. There were claims in the press in 0:13:09.840 --> 0:13:14.680 the late seventies that branch has existed in the country, 0:13:15.480 --> 0:13:18.160 and so in Visser's thesis she gives a couple of 0:13:18.160 --> 0:13:22.840 examples that are definitely evidence of that esthetic copycat behavior 0:13:22.880 --> 0:13:26.520 I'm talking about. So, when the VIC Commando took credit 0:13:26.520 --> 0:13:29.719 for those bombings in nineteen eighty, the letters they sent 0:13:29.760 --> 0:13:32.640 to the press had a symbol in the letterhead that 0:13:32.840 --> 0:13:38.000 was almost identical to the logo used by American clan groups. 0:13:38.720 --> 0:13:41.080 And in nineteen ninety, when two members of the Order 0:13:41.120 --> 0:13:44.920 of Death went on trial for murder, their supporters packed 0:13:44.960 --> 0:13:48.920 the courtroom and they were all wearing little clan lapel pens, 0:13:50.000 --> 0:13:53.080 and one of them even told a reporter the Order 0:13:53.160 --> 0:13:58.360 is long gone. It's the Ku Klux Klan now. In 0:13:58.400 --> 0:14:00.920 an unrelated side note, just too to wrap up a 0:14:00.920 --> 0:14:03.959 loose end from the last episode, I can tell I've 0:14:03.960 --> 0:14:07.839 spent too much time digging around for details I'm not 0:14:07.920 --> 0:14:11.559 going to need for this story. When side characters start 0:14:11.600 --> 0:14:15.800 to look really familiar. When I was reading that anecdote 0:14:15.800 --> 0:14:20.040 about the Order of Death trial in nineteen ninety, I 0:14:20.080 --> 0:14:24.320 recognized the names of the murderers. Cornelius Lottering and Fanny 0:14:24.400 --> 0:14:26.880 Goosen were two of the ten members of the Africaner 0:14:26.960 --> 0:14:30.480 Resistance movement who were arrested in the summer of nineteen ninety. 0:14:30.800 --> 0:14:33.800 So when they scooped up Leonard Wienendahl and Horst Cleans, 0:14:34.760 --> 0:14:38.760 Lottering and Gusen were in that bunch. And I mentioned 0:14:38.760 --> 0:14:42.440 in last week's episode that I couldn't exactly tell what 0:14:42.640 --> 0:14:45.520 became of all ten of those men, but two of 0:14:45.520 --> 0:14:49.960 them had escaped from custody, and those two were Lottering 0:14:50.000 --> 0:14:53.200 in Gusen, So I guess they found them again because 0:14:53.240 --> 0:14:57.680 they did get convicted of murder. But back to the 0:14:57.760 --> 0:15:01.400 question of the clan, I could have left it there, 0:15:02.520 --> 0:15:05.480 but I think you probably know by now that I didn't. 0:15:06.760 --> 0:15:09.840 Because he dig just a little bit deeper into the past. 0:15:10.600 --> 0:15:14.440 There was a man in South Africa who called himself 0:15:14.520 --> 0:15:18.160 the leader of the South African Ku Klux Klan in 0:15:18.200 --> 0:15:21.320 the nineteen sixties and into the seventies. He died in 0:15:21.360 --> 0:15:28.080 the late seventies. His name was Raymond kirch Rudman, and 0:15:28.120 --> 0:15:29.720 by the time he was trying to get a South 0:15:29.760 --> 0:15:33.120 African clan going, he was already pretty old, and he 0:15:33.200 --> 0:15:36.360 was decades into his career as a professional anti Semite 0:15:37.160 --> 0:15:43.560 with impressive international connections. Aside from his clan activities, Rudman 0:15:43.680 --> 0:15:46.360 was also the leader of an Afrikaner nationalist group called 0:15:46.400 --> 0:15:52.360 the Boronaci, originally founded by Many Merits. Meretz's son, also 0:15:52.520 --> 0:15:56.280 called many Merits, was a prominent figure in the Africaner 0:15:56.320 --> 0:15:59.440 resistance movement during the same time period as Monica Huggett, 0:16:00.800 --> 0:16:04.320 and Rudman also led a group called the Anglo Norman Union. 0:16:05.640 --> 0:16:08.920 I can't find much information about the extent to which 0:16:09.320 --> 0:16:13.080 that group actually operated in South Africa, like did it 0:16:13.120 --> 0:16:18.360 actually have real members, But in nineteen sixty five Rudman 0:16:18.440 --> 0:16:21.640 did use the group to join the World Union of 0:16:21.760 --> 0:16:27.000 National Socialists. That was an effort by George Lincoln Rockwell's 0:16:27.000 --> 0:16:30.120 American Nazi Party and Colin Jordan, who was then the 0:16:30.160 --> 0:16:32.640 head of the National Socialist movement in the United Kingdom, 0:16:33.240 --> 0:16:37.160 to form I guess exactly what it sounds a World 0:16:37.600 --> 0:16:42.320 Union of Nazi groups. But when it comes to the Clan, 0:16:43.080 --> 0:16:46.040 there's not much written, at least not that I was 0:16:46.080 --> 0:16:49.440 able to find about the history of the clan in 0:16:49.440 --> 0:16:54.760 South Africa. But everything that does exist has Ray Rudman's 0:16:54.840 --> 0:17:01.240 name on it. Last year, doctor William Robert Billips completed 0:17:01.280 --> 0:17:05.679 his dissertation at Emory University, and I know, I know 0:17:05.800 --> 0:17:09.119 that dissertation has the answers I'm looking for, but it 0:17:09.200 --> 0:17:12.919 is currently embargoed and not available to read. But a 0:17:12.920 --> 0:17:15.119 write up about his research tells me I'm on the 0:17:15.160 --> 0:17:19.359 right track. He was researching anti Semitic bombings in the 0:17:19.440 --> 0:17:23.040 United States during the Civil Rights era when he came 0:17:23.080 --> 0:17:27.200 across one of the same sources I did, an old 0:17:27.280 --> 0:17:30.320 mention of Ray Rudman trying to recruit for a clan 0:17:30.440 --> 0:17:35.800 group in South Africa in the early nineteen sixties. Phillips 0:17:35.840 --> 0:17:38.359 was able to secure grant funding to spend several weeks 0:17:38.400 --> 0:17:40.920 in South Africa at the University of the Free State, 0:17:41.320 --> 0:17:45.959 where Rudman's personal papers are held in a special collection. Again, 0:17:46.080 --> 0:17:50.720 unfortunately for me, I can't read Phillips' research, but I 0:17:50.760 --> 0:17:55.200 do have the finding aid for Rudman's papers. I can't 0:17:55.200 --> 0:17:58.960 actually see what's written. The documents aren't digitized. A finding 0:17:59.000 --> 0:18:02.720 aid is just an inventory listing the contents of various 0:18:02.760 --> 0:18:07.080 boxes and folders, and I would love to get my 0:18:07.240 --> 0:18:11.000 hands on some of those letters because. Listed in that 0:18:11.080 --> 0:18:15.879 inventory are entries for correspondents between Ray Rudman and the 0:18:15.960 --> 0:18:20.480 New Christian Crusade Church dated as early as the sixties 0:18:20.480 --> 0:18:25.480 and seventies. There's also an entry listing correspondence between Ray 0:18:25.560 --> 0:18:29.720 Rudman and the National States Rights Party dated from the 0:18:29.800 --> 0:18:34.399 nineteen fifties. The inventory also lists more than forty books 0:18:34.400 --> 0:18:37.879 in Rudman's collection that were published by James K. Warner, 0:18:38.400 --> 0:18:41.080 either through his Sons of Liberty Press or the New 0:18:41.160 --> 0:18:45.840 Christian Crusade Church. A similar finding aid for the personal 0:18:45.880 --> 0:18:48.440 papers of James K. Warner, held by the University of 0:18:48.480 --> 0:18:53.919 Wyoming also lists correspondents between James Warner and Ray Rudman, 0:18:55.440 --> 0:18:59.240 and Warner's Nazi publishing outfit, The Sons of Liberty Press, 0:18:59.280 --> 0:19:02.840 also published and sold English language versions of texts by 0:19:03.080 --> 0:19:08.040 South African anti semi Johann Schumann, an African internationalist politician. 0:19:08.200 --> 0:19:15.080 Yap Maree. So, I can't tell you exactly how Monica 0:19:15.160 --> 0:19:18.960 Huggett came to join the Ku Klux Klan, but there 0:19:19.040 --> 0:19:22.680 is some really solid connective tissue here. It doesn't feel 0:19:22.680 --> 0:19:26.840 as random now. So when she moved to the United States, 0:19:27.560 --> 0:19:30.320 she was a close enough associate of James K Warner 0:19:30.960 --> 0:19:32.959 that he put her in charge of his new Christian 0:19:33.000 --> 0:19:36.880 Crusade church, and that has to have something to do 0:19:37.000 --> 0:19:39.479 with the fact that archives show that he was an 0:19:39.600 --> 0:19:43.920 active communication with the far right in South Africa from 0:19:43.920 --> 0:19:47.800 his earliest days in the movement. It looks like I 0:19:47.880 --> 0:19:50.440 have some more digging to do on the subject of 0:19:50.480 --> 0:19:54.520 the Fascist International, because the number of connections here is 0:19:55.160 --> 0:19:59.679 honestly pretty staggering to me. James K Warner visited England 0:19:59.680 --> 0:20:01.520 in the said to speak at a meeting of the 0:20:01.600 --> 0:20:06.040 League of Saint George. In nineteen eighty Our Belgian Nazi 0:20:06.119 --> 0:20:10.720 Roger Spinewin was deported from the United States while he 0:20:10.800 --> 0:20:13.560 was here visiting members of the National States Rights Party, 0:20:14.720 --> 0:20:18.760 and our South African clansman Ray Rudman, was listed as 0:20:18.760 --> 0:20:22.120 the South African correspondent in issues of a British fascist 0:20:22.200 --> 0:20:27.280 magazine in the nineteen seventies. All of these guys are 0:20:27.480 --> 0:20:34.040 connected going back decades. But I've been promising to get 0:20:34.080 --> 0:20:38.720 to this part of the story for weeks now, the 0:20:38.760 --> 0:20:41.199 part where a handful of German mercenaries get into a 0:20:41.200 --> 0:20:43.919 shootout with the South African police in March of nineteen 0:20:43.960 --> 0:20:48.159 ninety four A few episodes ago. I told you that 0:20:48.160 --> 0:20:50.880 one of the first places I found Monica Huggett's name 0:20:51.520 --> 0:20:54.960 was in the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission's final 0:20:55.040 --> 0:20:59.119 Report in Volume two. The portion of the report that 0:20:59.160 --> 0:21:03.080 deals with quote the Commission of Gross Violations of Human Rights, 0:21:03.960 --> 0:21:08.400 Chapter seven political violence in the Era of Negotiations and Transition. 0:21:09.440 --> 0:21:14.600 Under the subheading links with international right wing groups, the 0:21:14.680 --> 0:21:19.560 report reads. The first link between ultra right terrorism and 0:21:19.600 --> 0:21:22.640 foreign agencies came to light in nineteen eighty two when 0:21:22.680 --> 0:21:27.440 mister Fabiomiello, mister Massimo Bolo, and mister Eugenio's Opice, all 0:21:27.520 --> 0:21:30.960 white foreign expatriots known as the White Commando, were convicted 0:21:31.000 --> 0:21:33.199 of the nineteen seventy nine bombing of the offices of 0:21:33.240 --> 0:21:37.920 prominent academic doctor Jan Lombard. Originally mister Kus ver Mullin 0:21:37.960 --> 0:21:40.760 and Miss Monica hugget were arrested with them, but Huggitt 0:21:40.760 --> 0:21:43.760 turned state's witness and Vermullin was released after a few days. 0:21:44.800 --> 0:21:47.440 Huggett's name was subsequently linked to a shootout in March 0:21:47.480 --> 0:21:49.840 of nineteen ninety four between the South African police and 0:21:49.920 --> 0:21:53.480 three German right wingers in the Donkerhoak area. One German 0:21:53.560 --> 0:21:57.000 right winger, mister Stephen Rays, was arrested, mister Thomas Kuns 0:21:57.040 --> 0:21:59.639 was shot dead, and a third, mister Horse Cleans, was 0:21:59.720 --> 0:22:04.040 later arrested. A fourth, mister Alexander Nydeline, was later charged 0:22:04.040 --> 0:22:06.879 in the Cullen And Magistrates Court for illegal possession of 0:22:06.880 --> 0:22:12.240 a firearm. And I read that paragraph before you've heard 0:22:12.280 --> 0:22:16.000 that bit, and at this point you know some of 0:22:16.040 --> 0:22:20.480 the back story that paragraph is talking about. Two weeks ago, 0:22:20.520 --> 0:22:23.159 we talked about the vit commando bombings in nineteen eighty 0:22:24.040 --> 0:22:26.560 and we spent most of the last episode talking about 0:22:26.920 --> 0:22:31.560 one of those men, Horst Cleans. Before that shootout in 0:22:31.640 --> 0:22:34.760 nineteen ninety four, Glen's had been involved in a nineteen 0:22:34.800 --> 0:22:37.760 eighty nine attack on a United Nations outpost in Namibia, 0:22:38.440 --> 0:22:41.400 killing a security guard and later murdering a police constable 0:22:41.640 --> 0:22:45.880 when he and his accomplices escaped from custody. And at 0:22:45.880 --> 0:22:48.280 some point I teased you a little bit with a 0:22:48.320 --> 0:22:52.240 story about Alexander Nydline. He was the German neo Nazi 0:22:52.280 --> 0:22:55.560 who swore allegiance to Donald Trump at a fascist rally 0:22:55.560 --> 0:23:18.360 in Croatia in twenty seventeen don so we know where 0:23:18.440 --> 0:23:21.640 Horst Cleans was in the early nineties. He was in 0:23:21.680 --> 0:23:26.240 South Africa, But how did those other three men actually 0:23:26.880 --> 0:23:33.520 get there? In nineteen ninety four, Alexander Ndline, Stephen Rays 0:23:33.840 --> 0:23:37.199 and Thomas Konst follow the same path as the mercenaries 0:23:37.240 --> 0:23:41.800 recruited by Ronald Douster. They deserted from the Convicts Battalion, 0:23:42.080 --> 0:23:45.280 a paramilitary unit of the Croatian Defense Council made up 0:23:45.320 --> 0:23:49.159 of prisoners and foreign mercenaries, and they left Bosnia with 0:23:49.200 --> 0:23:52.760 stolen weapons. Then, with the help of the League of 0:23:52.800 --> 0:23:55.919 Saint George in England, they made their way down to 0:23:56.000 --> 0:24:01.240 South Africa, and just like Ronald Doyster, they were given 0:24:01.280 --> 0:24:03.600 the name of a woman who would pick them up 0:24:03.600 --> 0:24:24.399 from the airport, Monica Huggett. And here is another place 0:24:24.520 --> 0:24:27.800 in my research for this story where I found a 0:24:27.960 --> 0:24:32.240 very unlikely source of information that I just couldn't have 0:24:32.240 --> 0:24:36.680 gotten anywhere else. Two weeks ago I had to give 0:24:36.760 --> 0:24:41.960 my begrudging thanks to the Central Intelligence Agency after discovering 0:24:42.040 --> 0:24:45.760 English translations of South African news stories in archived reports 0:24:45.760 --> 0:24:50.600 from the CIA's Foreign Broadcast Information Service. And this week 0:24:51.000 --> 0:24:54.760 I have an even more unsavory source to thank, though 0:24:55.359 --> 0:24:56.520 he isn't around to hear it. 0:24:59.200 --> 0:25:04.520 This is the prosecution's appeal concerning Praliac in all other 0:25:04.640 --> 0:25:10.960 respects affirms the sentence of twenty years of imprisonment, subject 0:25:11.160 --> 0:25:13.919 to credit being given on the rule one oh one 0:25:14.080 --> 0:25:17.200 sea of the rules for the period he has already 0:25:17.200 --> 0:25:24.240 spent in the atention step, Prodiac, you may be seated, 0:25:25.040 --> 0:25:31.080 you Fortuna, stop, please please sit down. 0:25:34.160 --> 0:25:39.240 That audio might not sound familiar, but if you're extremely online, 0:25:39.880 --> 0:25:43.359 you've seen mimified images of this moment used as a 0:25:43.440 --> 0:25:47.520 reaction give a thousand times. I know it. I'm sure 0:25:47.520 --> 0:25:50.399 you know the one I'm talking about. It's a white 0:25:50.400 --> 0:25:53.000 haired old man in a suit and he's drinking from 0:25:53.040 --> 0:25:58.840 a small vial. That man is slowbodown Praliac. He died 0:25:58.880 --> 0:26:02.919 by suicide in twenty sis seventeen, and the meme shows 0:26:02.960 --> 0:26:05.600 the moment that he produced a small vial of cyanide 0:26:05.640 --> 0:26:08.960 from his pocket after a judge at the Hague announced 0:26:08.960 --> 0:26:13.320 that his sentence for war crimes would be upheld. I 0:26:13.320 --> 0:26:17.439 don't speak Croatian, but news reports translated his last words 0:26:17.480 --> 0:26:22.000 in that video as judges slobodon Proliac is not a 0:26:22.040 --> 0:26:27.840 war criminal. With disdain, I reject your verdict, and then 0:26:27.880 --> 0:26:32.960 he knocks back the vial of cyanide. We don't have 0:26:33.000 --> 0:26:36.200 to get into the crimes against humanity that Slobodon Proliac 0:26:36.320 --> 0:26:40.360 was convicted of by the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia. 0:26:41.359 --> 0:26:46.280 He doesn't really factor in directly to our story at all, 0:26:46.320 --> 0:26:49.720 but he did choose to defend himself without an attorney 0:26:50.280 --> 0:26:54.000 during his war crimes trial, and as part of that effort, 0:26:54.600 --> 0:27:00.199 he had a website dedicated to proving his innocence, and 0:27:00.240 --> 0:27:04.960 that website is actually still online today. But the documents 0:27:04.960 --> 0:27:09.000 that I found most useful in researching this story don't 0:27:09.000 --> 0:27:12.959 appear to be accessible on the current version of the site. 0:27:13.480 --> 0:27:17.159 So buried in this poorly organized series of files on 0:27:17.200 --> 0:27:21.520 an archived version of this war criminal's website, I found 0:27:21.560 --> 0:27:27.520 something terribly interesting. All of the existing reporting that I 0:27:27.560 --> 0:27:32.360 could find about Alexander Ninelein, Stephen Rays, and Thomas Koonst 0:27:32.720 --> 0:27:36.639 and their whereabouts in late nineteen ninety three seems to 0:27:36.680 --> 0:27:41.000 rely on one of those documents, an arrest warrant signed 0:27:41.000 --> 0:27:45.679 by their commanding officer, a war criminal named Malad Nalatilic, 0:27:46.720 --> 0:27:49.800 which I know I've not pronounced correctly, so we'll just 0:27:49.880 --> 0:27:55.480 call him by his nickname Teuta. Everyone else did. When 0:27:55.520 --> 0:27:59.920 those three German mercenaries deserted from Teuta's Ragtag Convicts btel 0:28:00.520 --> 0:28:03.760 in the middle of December of nineteen ninety three, he 0:28:03.800 --> 0:28:10.919 wrote a memo requesting arrest warrants. Translated, it reads, on 0:28:10.960 --> 0:28:14.840 December sixteenth, nineteen ninety three, members of the Convicts Battalion 0:28:15.000 --> 0:28:19.280 fled from Sierroki Brieg to an unknown destination after spending 0:28:19.480 --> 0:28:22.399 three to four days in the unit after stealing weapons 0:28:22.400 --> 0:28:28.080 and ammunition. The memo goes on to specify that, aside 0:28:28.119 --> 0:28:30.720 from their names and the fact that they'd been briefly 0:28:30.760 --> 0:28:35.520 affiliated with the unit, he had no additional information about 0:28:35.560 --> 0:28:39.720