WEBVTT - Part One: Antonio Salazar: The Smartest Fascist Dictator 0:00:01.760 --> 0:00:04.200 Also media. 0:00:04.840 --> 0:00:10.320 Oh, it's Behind the Bastard's a podcast that gets behind 0:00:10.360 --> 0:00:12.680 the bastards. You know what this is. You know what 0:00:12.720 --> 0:00:15.200 it means. We talk about bad people, the worst in 0:00:15.360 --> 0:00:17.520 all of history, and today. 0:00:17.239 --> 0:00:19.440 Start this with a very tony soprano. 0:00:19.520 --> 0:00:22.360 Oh oh is that a tony soprano? I never watched 0:00:22.360 --> 0:00:24.960 the Sopranos. Here to be angry at me about that 0:00:25.400 --> 0:00:28.520 is post Sophie licker Litman, my producer and Jeff May. 0:00:29.000 --> 0:00:31.920 Haven't you had Matt Leeb on this show and yet you. 0:00:31.720 --> 0:00:33.760 Still have not seen the Sopranos. 0:00:33.880 --> 0:00:34.960 What's wrong with you? 0:00:35.640 --> 0:00:36.599 That's an act of aggression. 0:00:36.720 --> 0:00:39.680 Can you can you spend this weekend at least watching 0:00:39.680 --> 0:00:40.000 the book? 0:00:40.560 --> 0:00:43.440 No, I'm sorry. I'm an Italian American. I was raised 0:00:43.440 --> 0:00:47.440 in the Sopranos, you know, like got mobbed up family. 0:00:47.920 --> 0:00:49.160 You need this down the list? 0:00:49.159 --> 0:00:49.560 All right? 0:00:49.640 --> 0:00:50.880 All right, you need you. 0:00:50.880 --> 0:00:52.120 We had to change our last name. 0:00:52.400 --> 0:00:54.680 You need to watch the Sopranos this year. That is 0:00:54.720 --> 0:00:57.080 your goal for the first year of twenty twenty five. 0:00:57.200 --> 0:00:58.760 I'm disgusted with you right now. 0:00:58.800 --> 0:00:59.280 It's okay. 0:00:59.360 --> 0:01:01.880 I can use the Italian slurs. You can't, Sophie. 0:01:01.960 --> 0:01:03.880 I'm horrified by your behavior. 0:01:04.480 --> 0:01:06.760 I can use those slurs too. You can't tell you 0:01:06.840 --> 0:01:07.560 absolutely can. 0:01:07.680 --> 0:01:09.720 I'm not Italian, but I know you're a but you 0:01:09.720 --> 0:01:18.800 were a boxer, so it counts. Uh yeah, Jeff, how 0:01:18.800 --> 0:01:20.160 are you doing, Jeff May. 0:01:20.040 --> 0:01:22.840 I'm good. It's been it's been a while. It's been 0:01:22.840 --> 0:01:23.160 a while. 0:01:23.160 --> 0:01:26.320 It's been a long while since I visited. The embargo 0:01:26.440 --> 0:01:27.600 is lifted, which is nice. 0:01:27.680 --> 0:01:28.240 Yes, thank you. 0:01:28.280 --> 0:01:31.440 After those crime I so sorry for saying all those 0:01:31.800 --> 0:01:32.760 really a horrible thing. 0:01:32.800 --> 0:01:33.800 I don't even know what I was thinking that. 0:01:33.880 --> 0:01:36.600 It's okay, it's okay. DEI is over. We can say 0:01:36.640 --> 0:01:41.000 those things. Oh finally, the woke mob they came for 0:01:41.200 --> 0:01:44.600 Jeff May. No, Jeff, you're one of our I mean 0:01:44.640 --> 0:01:47.360 you're you're my old friend from back in the day, 0:01:47.840 --> 0:01:49.320 by which I mean the time when I worked at 0:01:49.360 --> 0:01:52.520 Cracked uh and lived in Los Angeles. And you're also 0:01:52.720 --> 0:01:56.040 one of our favorite guests. And this is this is fun. 0:01:56.120 --> 0:01:58.000 You and I have both seen the movie Ghost Dog, 0:01:58.640 --> 0:02:04.400 featuring the magnificent Forest Whitaker American Samurai himself. You know 0:02:04.480 --> 0:02:07.040 that's in the Criterion collection now. It should be, it 0:02:07.520 --> 0:02:08.520 should be. It's perfect. 0:02:08.560 --> 0:02:10.600 It's a beautiful movie. I will say. 0:02:10.639 --> 0:02:13.600 I have bonded over my love of Ghost Dog Wave 0:02:13.760 --> 0:02:16.000 Warrior with more than just you. 0:02:16.360 --> 0:02:20.040 Yeah, it's an incredible film. I've been bringing up now 0:02:20.040 --> 0:02:22.200 that and Or's out and everybody's talking about Sager Aar, 0:02:22.240 --> 0:02:25.120 I'm like, you guys need a motherfucking see ghost Talk. Yeah, Like, 0:02:25.240 --> 0:02:27.480 if you like that, you need to see ghost Talk. 0:02:27.960 --> 0:02:30.560 Yeah yeah you kind of do you should anyway, you 0:02:30.560 --> 0:02:31.519 should anyway. 0:02:31.360 --> 0:02:35.120 In the Criterion closet, so like Mark Hamill could grab 0:02:35.160 --> 0:02:37.120 it on an Instagram reel or something, you don't know. 0:02:37.560 --> 0:02:47.600 Yeah, it's perfect. So today we're talking about a dictator 0:02:47.919 --> 0:02:51.160 who was, unfortunately maybe the best at being a dictator 0:02:51.200 --> 0:02:53.640 on like a technical level, right, like if we're giving 0:02:53.680 --> 0:02:57.520 technical awards on the actual like craft of dictatoring. 0:02:57.800 --> 0:03:01.320 So like the dictator oscars that they don't show on television. 0:03:01.440 --> 0:03:03.639 Yeah yeah, yeah, the Dictator oscars that don't make because 0:03:03.639 --> 0:03:05.000 they're kind of boring, right like. 0:03:05.960 --> 0:03:08.280 They did it like last night we had the Dictator Oscar. 0:03:08.480 --> 0:03:11.359 Yeah, this is the Dictator Oscar for like, yes, set 0:03:11.440 --> 0:03:17.320 dressing or whatever. It goes to Antonio Crazy here. Yeah yeah, yeah, great, 0:03:17.480 --> 0:03:20.280 great audio editor we're talking about. Have you did you 0:03:20.280 --> 0:03:22.519 know that Portugal had a dictator at the same time 0:03:22.560 --> 0:03:26.680 that like Germany and Italy had dictators in Spain. 0:03:27.480 --> 0:03:30.600 I mean I have to say yes because of my 0:03:30.760 --> 0:03:33.680 history degree and all that, but like you know, I 0:03:33.680 --> 0:03:34.200 forget shit. 0:03:34.400 --> 0:03:36.040 Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. 0:03:36.080 --> 0:03:39.040 So Antonio Salazar was the dictator of Portugal from like 0:03:39.160 --> 0:03:42.240 the thirties up to the seventies. Right, So he is 0:03:42.440 --> 0:03:46.720 he has a very long run. It's a short yeah, yeah, 0:03:47.080 --> 0:03:48.880 like twice he's got he's like two, he's like more 0:03:48.920 --> 0:03:51.400 than two. He was like three Hitler's right, three almost 0:03:51.400 --> 0:03:52.120 four Hitlers. 0:03:52.240 --> 0:03:54.920 Oh look at this guy, he's like four Hitlers. 0:03:55.120 --> 0:03:57.640 Like he's like a four Hitler run. Yeah, exactly. 0:03:57.960 --> 0:03:59.760 I gotta be honest, though he was did he did 0:03:59.800 --> 0:04:02.880 he up Hitler numbers? That's why he lasted? 0:04:03.000 --> 0:04:05.840 Yeah, It's like I guess Hitler would be like the 0:04:05.840 --> 0:04:09.200 the bo Jackson of dictators. Like it's like it's like 0:04:09.240 --> 0:04:12.480 a very very bright burn. You don't mind me saying 0:04:12.480 --> 0:04:15.040 such a terrible way to describe that. No, but then 0:04:15.080 --> 0:04:17.880 a fizzle out after he had that hip injury. 0:04:17.760 --> 0:04:20.599 Right, and Salazar has a hip injury in like sixty 0:04:20.600 --> 0:04:24.119 eight that takes him out. You know, Salzar just gets long, 0:04:24.240 --> 0:04:26.640 he's got the longevity, but he's in there a long time. 0:04:26.680 --> 0:04:29.000 He's like that guy who was with the Patriots. 0:04:29.000 --> 0:04:29.640 Fuck, what's his name? 0:04:29.680 --> 0:04:34.320 Everybody hates him, Tom Brady, Tom Brady Brady. Antonio Salazar 0:04:34.360 --> 0:04:36.080 is the Tom Brady of dictators. 0:04:36.279 --> 0:04:40.960 Tom Brady is single handedly responsible for stopping a lot 0:04:41.000 --> 0:04:44.000 of domestic violence in New England. So I'm going to 0:04:44.160 --> 0:04:48.480 actually say, you know, if you really think about it, 0:04:48.480 --> 0:04:50.480 it's a garbage fan base full of terrible people. 0:04:50.520 --> 0:04:52.080 It is. It is the Patriots the worst. 0:04:52.080 --> 0:04:55.280 And when he came in, we were like, I don't 0:04:55.320 --> 0:04:56.680 know about okay, we love this guy. 0:04:56.760 --> 0:04:57.960 He's keeping things safe. 0:04:58.320 --> 0:05:01.839 Yeah, yeah, I'm not going to say that about Antonio Salazar, 0:05:01.880 --> 0:05:04.200 but he does have the staying power, right, and he's 0:05:04.200 --> 0:05:07.200 one of these guys. He gets called a fascist a lot, 0:05:07.400 --> 0:05:09.839 and there's an argument to be made for that. He 0:05:09.880 --> 0:05:12.440 gets called a fascist generally because you know, he comes 0:05:12.520 --> 0:05:15.280 up around the same time Hitler does, around the same 0:05:15.320 --> 0:05:18.520 time Franco does a little bit after Mussolini, and they're 0:05:18.520 --> 0:05:21.520 all kind of simpatico for a while. So there's this 0:05:21.520 --> 0:05:24.800 this argument that like, well, Salazar was like a fascist 0:05:24.839 --> 0:05:28.000 dictator as well, and you can kind of debate that. 0:05:29.000 --> 0:05:31.120 But you know, I think if we want to put 0:05:31.120 --> 0:05:34.080 it in like Beatles terms, right, Hitler's the John Lennon 0:05:34.120 --> 0:05:37.000 of fascism and Mussolini's the George Harrison, and you know, 0:05:37.040 --> 0:05:40.440 they kind of clock out first, which leaves Franco as 0:05:40.520 --> 0:05:42.760 the ringo. And I think we've got to say that 0:05:42.800 --> 0:05:45.400 maybe Salazar is the Paul McCartney fascism. 0:05:45.480 --> 0:05:48.279 I don't know. I mean, that's that's pretty good. Also, 0:05:48.400 --> 0:05:50.279 Europe was a vibe huh. 0:05:50.360 --> 0:05:53.640 Yeah, yeah, they were not doing well right after that 0:05:53.680 --> 0:05:54.200 World War. 0:05:54.640 --> 0:05:57.200 They were certainly going for it. You know, I got it, 0:05:57.240 --> 0:05:59.840 you gotta hand. They took big swings. 0:06:00.400 --> 0:06:03.080 Yeah, you know, like, well, we're in our big swing 0:06:03.160 --> 0:06:04.880 period to day and we didn't even have a World 0:06:04.960 --> 0:06:07.520 War One over it, right, So who are we to judge? 0:06:08.120 --> 0:06:10.040 We can judge a little, I mean, to be fair, 0:06:10.120 --> 0:06:12.360 we've had we've had we've had a few. 0:06:12.360 --> 0:06:14.920 We've had a couple. Yeah, we've taken our swings. This 0:06:14.960 --> 0:06:17.440 is in our first set, so as we'll discuss. You know, 0:06:17.440 --> 0:06:18.919 there's a lot of debate as to whether or not 0:06:18.960 --> 0:06:22.160 you should call Salazara fascist. He certainly uses a lot 0:06:22.160 --> 0:06:25.760 of fascism tools like there's aspects of it that he utilized, 0:06:26.000 --> 0:06:28.320 and he has good relationships with all of the fascist 0:06:28.360 --> 0:06:30.640 powers during his days, he's going to intervene to help 0:06:30.680 --> 0:06:34.479 Franco win his civil war in Spain. But ideologically he's 0:06:34.520 --> 0:06:37.760 not someone who's like super on board, especially with all 0:06:37.800 --> 0:06:40.400 the weird Hitler stuff. Like he's not a cult to 0:06:40.480 --> 0:06:44.200 personality guy. He's not a big ideology a fascism guy, 0:06:44.320 --> 0:06:46.760 Like he thinks that stuff's kind of weird, and he's 0:06:46.800 --> 0:06:50.760 above all, like an economics professor and a Catholic conservative 0:06:50.800 --> 0:06:53.239 who's just kind of like, I'm the only guy smart 0:06:53.320 --> 0:06:55.679 enough to run Portugal and all torture as many people 0:06:55.680 --> 0:06:57.560 as I have to do in order to keep the 0:06:57.560 --> 0:07:00.560 economy running, right, Like he has a balan. It's the budget, 0:07:00.600 --> 0:07:02.680 no matter who has to die. Kind of motherfucker. 0:07:02.960 --> 0:07:06.039 I guess it really depends on like if fascism is 0:07:06.120 --> 0:07:09.400 decided on at the start of the journey, yeah, or 0:07:09.600 --> 0:07:13.000 just summed up at the end of the journey, right, like, yeah, 0:07:13.040 --> 0:07:14.840 I'm not doing a fascism and then at the end 0:07:14.880 --> 0:07:18.480 you're like kind of seems like you might have been Yeah, 0:07:18.600 --> 0:07:19.480 with him, it would be. 0:07:19.720 --> 0:07:21.480 I think it looks at the start a lot like 0:07:21.480 --> 0:07:23.600 a fascism, and then at the end it's like, well, 0:07:23.640 --> 0:07:26.880 you were just kind of a garden variety dictator, like maybe, 0:07:26.920 --> 0:07:28.800 but you never did any of the weird cult to 0:07:28.840 --> 0:07:32.440 personality shit, like you were never like that kind of 0:07:32.440 --> 0:07:33.679 stuff was sort of absent. 0:07:33.800 --> 0:07:34.920 But we'll talk about it. 0:07:34.920 --> 0:07:36.240 At the end, we could kind of say, where do 0:07:36.240 --> 0:07:37.920 we want to where do we want to land on 0:07:37.960 --> 0:07:41.400 this motherfucker on a fash scale, Yeah, on the fash scale. 0:07:41.440 --> 0:07:44.160 But either way, he sucked, right, we're not debating that 0:07:44.280 --> 0:07:44.760 part of it. 0:07:46.240 --> 0:07:46.360 So. 0:07:46.560 --> 0:07:50.320 Antonio de Olivera Salazar was born on April twenty eighth, 0:07:50.480 --> 0:07:53.520 eighteen eighty nine, in a small house in the village 0:07:53.560 --> 0:07:56.800 of Vimiro. His parents were kind of odd ducks for 0:07:56.840 --> 0:07:59.760 their era. His father Antonio, married his mom in eighteen 0:07:59.800 --> 0:08:02.920 eighty one, when they were forty and thirty five. And 0:08:02.960 --> 0:08:05.880 this is a lot older than people tend to It's 0:08:05.920 --> 0:08:08.239 older that it's like pretty old for getting married now, 0:08:08.800 --> 0:08:12.120 like back in the eighteen eighties, the average lifespan in 0:08:12.160 --> 0:08:16.400 Portugal for men is forty six point five years. Right now, 0:08:16.600 --> 0:08:19.440 that doesn't mean people died at forty seven, but it 0:08:19.480 --> 0:08:21.920 means that, you know, infant mortality was so high that 0:08:21.960 --> 0:08:24.640 those averages are low a lot. And this is still 0:08:24.640 --> 0:08:27.320 pretty weird for you to wait this long to get married. 0:08:27.760 --> 0:08:30.440 And it's also it's hard to conceive right when you're 0:08:30.560 --> 0:08:33.319 when both parties are over thirty five years old, it's 0:08:33.360 --> 0:08:38.199 relatively difficult, especially with eighteen eighties, you know, obstetrics technology. 0:08:38.800 --> 0:08:40.520 The other thing that makes his mom and dad weird 0:08:40.640 --> 0:08:42.960 is that they can read, which is not normal for 0:08:43.000 --> 0:08:44.000 Portuguese peasants. 0:08:44.559 --> 0:08:45.640 Were modern Americans? 0:08:45.640 --> 0:08:49.000 If you're modern Americans, yes, thanks to chat GPT. 0:08:50.080 --> 0:08:53.440 Yeah right, sorry, how we ruined education? Yeah? 0:08:53.520 --> 0:08:55.920 Can we just say that the least surprising piece of 0:08:56.000 --> 0:08:58.840 news just dropped and that people that use chat GPT. 0:08:58.640 --> 0:09:01.400 Or morons right right right, that it breaks their brains. 0:09:01.400 --> 0:09:03.960 That it's like atrophying you because you're not thinking about 0:09:04.000 --> 0:09:05.120 how to put words together. 0:09:05.240 --> 0:09:05.720 Bad for you. 0:09:06.200 --> 0:09:09.240 That story this week about the guy that proposed to 0:09:09.360 --> 0:09:13.120 his Ai girlfriend and then cried when she said yes. 0:09:13.160 --> 0:09:15.360 And then it breaks out that he's got like his 0:09:15.559 --> 0:09:17.120 he's a human partner. 0:09:17.160 --> 0:09:19.319 I don't think they're married, but they have a kid together, 0:09:19.760 --> 0:09:20.640 they have a child. 0:09:20.880 --> 0:09:25.840 I just yeah, oh fuck, so that's not Salasar's parents, right, 0:09:26.000 --> 0:09:26.720 we're cooked. 0:09:27.320 --> 0:09:27.800 Yeah. 0:09:27.880 --> 0:09:31.199 All the other Portuguese peasants are using eighteen eighties chat GPT, 0:09:31.360 --> 0:09:33.200 which I guess is just being too busy to learn 0:09:33.200 --> 0:09:34.760 how to read. But his mom and dad know how 0:09:34.800 --> 0:09:38.000 to read now everyone else in their village, most of 0:09:38.040 --> 0:09:40.320 the people living in this village who are because these 0:09:40.320 --> 0:09:44.040 are again like all peasants, even though it's the eighteen eighties. 0:09:44.400 --> 0:09:47.360 Outside of a couple of maybe aspects of modernity that 0:09:47.400 --> 0:09:49.480 have crept in, most of the people in these villages 0:09:49.520 --> 0:09:51.079 are living lives that like if you go back three 0:09:51.120 --> 0:09:54.520 or four hundred years, there's more in common than there 0:09:54.600 --> 0:09:57.160 is different, right, which we can't say about nobody, even 0:09:57.200 --> 0:09:59.480 like the poorest rural people in the US today do 0:09:59.559 --> 0:10:01.840 not live life that are similar to rural Americans in 0:10:01.840 --> 0:10:05.320 the seventeen hundreds in a lot of ways. But that 0:10:05.480 --> 0:10:07.720 is kind of the case in Portugal in this period, 0:10:07.720 --> 0:10:09.199 a lot more so than it's going to be in 0:10:09.200 --> 0:10:13.520 any later period. His village does have kind of one 0:10:13.600 --> 0:10:15.719 thing going for it, which is that Vimiro, when he 0:10:15.800 --> 0:10:18.520 is kind of a little kid, is chosen to be 0:10:18.559 --> 0:10:21.000 the site of a railway station, right, which is going 0:10:21.000 --> 0:10:23.840 to ensure that while a lot of small rural towns 0:10:23.920 --> 0:10:27.520 kind of die out as modernity comes to Portugal. Vermiro 0:10:27.679 --> 0:10:30.160 is going to continue to be like relevant, you know, 0:10:30.240 --> 0:10:32.600 because there's this this connection to the rest of. 0:10:32.600 --> 0:10:34.280 The World's going to become the tombstone. 0:10:34.520 --> 0:10:37.079 Yeah, it's it's a tombstone, a Portugal type situation. 0:10:37.400 --> 0:10:39.880 It's going to be dressed like undertakers with big black 0:10:39.960 --> 0:10:42.280 mustaches and stuff. It's going to that's right, that's right. 0:10:42.400 --> 0:10:44.800 And yeah, Doc Holliday is going to show up with 0:10:44.880 --> 0:10:48.839 fucking consumption. It's going to be incredible. Val Kilmer, Oh 0:10:48.880 --> 0:10:49.520 my god. 0:10:49.360 --> 0:10:50.560 Oh my god, so good. 0:10:50.840 --> 0:10:52.960 Yeah, yeah, especially if you've seen that movie Val, He's 0:10:53.000 --> 0:10:56.920 filmed as he was dying. Incredible stuff. Great movie. So 0:10:58.200 --> 0:11:00.360 his mom is kind of the Val Kilmer of Miro, 0:11:00.520 --> 0:11:04.000 and like Val Kilmer, she's a small business owner. I 0:11:04.000 --> 0:11:05.679 don't actually know if that's true a Val, but it's 0:11:05.679 --> 0:11:06.360 true of his mom. 0:11:06.400 --> 0:11:07.760 He was rolling. 0:11:08.200 --> 0:11:12.000 Yeah, she's doing great. She's going to become an entrepreneur. 0:11:12.120 --> 0:11:14.320 She's going to open like a tavern in this town 0:11:14.480 --> 0:11:16.839 with like some rooms to rent, and that's going to 0:11:16.920 --> 0:11:19.640 help the family rise up to what's effectively the Portuguese 0:11:19.679 --> 0:11:22.800 middle class. While Antonio Salazar is like a kid to 0:11:22.880 --> 0:11:26.280 an adolescent. Right, His family is going from we're kind 0:11:26.320 --> 0:11:28.760 of near the bottom rong to we're actually doing pretty 0:11:28.800 --> 0:11:31.760 well because there's this railway station picked for our town 0:11:31.800 --> 0:11:33.720 and my mom knows how to capitalize on it. 0:11:33.880 --> 0:11:34.080 Right. 0:11:35.120 --> 0:11:37.240 His mom gets the money to start this business because 0:11:37.280 --> 0:11:40.200 his dad also does okay for himself. He's an estate manager, 0:11:40.520 --> 0:11:43.000 which means you've got these rich families who have like 0:11:43.080 --> 0:11:46.520 generational wealth because their ancestors four hundred years ago plundered 0:11:46.559 --> 0:11:49.640 the New World and they have big estates, but they 0:11:49.640 --> 0:11:51.199 don't they're not going to take care. They don't want 0:11:51.200 --> 0:11:53.000 a garden, they don't want to farm, they don't want 0:11:53.000 --> 0:11:55.160 to do anything with them. So they hire a guy 0:11:55.240 --> 0:11:59.439 like Antonio are Antonio's dad to take care of the 0:11:59.480 --> 0:12:02.079 properties while they're away being rich, hanging out in their 0:12:02.120 --> 0:12:03.880 other houses in Lisbon or whatever. 0:12:04.000 --> 0:12:04.200 You know. 0:12:04.640 --> 0:12:07.440 Hell yeah, man, capitalist feudalism. 0:12:07.080 --> 0:12:09.080 Right, right, that's kind of what's going on here, and 0:12:09.120 --> 0:12:11.480 that's the world his parents inhabit, and that's the world 0:12:11.559 --> 0:12:15.520 Antonio kind of comes up in. Portugal is not a 0:12:15.520 --> 0:12:19.079 healthy country as Salazar is growing up. Right, if you 0:12:19.200 --> 0:12:22.920 remember the early period of colonialism, right after Columbus, you know, 0:12:23.000 --> 0:12:26.400 quote unquote discovers the New World. The two powers that 0:12:26.440 --> 0:12:30.200 are first like really expanding around the world and taking 0:12:30.240 --> 0:12:32.960 a lot of colonies and taking advantage of you know, 0:12:33.000 --> 0:12:36.960 Europe beginning this colonialization process are Spain and Portugal. And 0:12:37.080 --> 0:12:39.720 Portugal is for a couple one hundred years a major 0:12:39.840 --> 0:12:42.800 world power. They have colonies all over the planet because 0:12:42.800 --> 0:12:46.200 they're just very early successful in the age of Sale, 0:12:46.240 --> 0:12:48.440 and they rapidly take a lot of colonies, which is, 0:12:48.600 --> 0:12:50.400 you know, Portugal is not a big country, so in 0:12:50.520 --> 0:12:53.679 very short order, their colonial possessions are dozens of times 0:12:53.720 --> 0:12:59.320 the size of the actual country itself. And this does 0:12:59.480 --> 0:13:02.440 pretty well for them for a while. But like Spain, 0:13:02.760 --> 0:13:05.360 they kind of also burn out quickly, right like as 0:13:05.360 --> 0:13:07.720 the British Empire is starting to really pick up steam 0:13:07.840 --> 0:13:11.679 as king shit, Portugal's kind of the sick man of colonialism, 0:13:11.760 --> 0:13:13.599 or at least Portugal and Spain are both kind of 0:13:13.600 --> 0:13:15.079 the sick men of colonialism. 0:13:15.280 --> 0:13:17.960 It's actually really funny because one of the three dates 0:13:17.960 --> 0:13:19.480 that I told my students they would have to know 0:13:19.600 --> 0:13:21.400 was fourteen ninety two, and it's I'm like, it's not 0:13:21.440 --> 0:13:23.679 for who you think, Yeah, like it's not Columbus, but 0:13:23.720 --> 0:13:26.200 it is his bosses. Because one of the reasons that 0:13:26.280 --> 0:13:29.320 they really flopped super hard was they basically were like, 0:13:29.720 --> 0:13:33.240 we're gonna make a Christo state, basically like an entirely 0:13:33.280 --> 0:13:35.240 and they kicked out all the all the Jews and 0:13:35.280 --> 0:13:35.880 the Muslims. 0:13:35.920 --> 0:13:37.840 Oh yeah, yeah, And so that basically. 0:13:37.600 --> 0:13:40.600 Means they kicked out their most educated and wealthy members 0:13:40.640 --> 0:13:43.120 of their society and we're just like, we'll do it normally. 0:13:43.280 --> 0:13:45.840 Yeah, we'll figure this out. You kicked out the banks 0:13:46.280 --> 0:13:50.080 and the universities basically, and so they just started crumbling 0:13:50.120 --> 0:13:52.120 and they started building and then they were just they 0:13:52.120 --> 0:13:54.800 couldn't keep going. So these help. It's very funny. 0:13:54.960 --> 0:13:56.520 Yeah, and there's a lot to say about like taking 0:13:56.559 --> 0:13:58.520 all of these you know, suddenly flooding their market with 0:13:58.559 --> 0:14:01.240 precious metals too, and like that does with the value 0:14:01.240 --> 0:14:02.960 of these things. Like there's a lot that goes on. 0:14:03.080 --> 0:14:06.680 But Portugal is like not a wildly dissimilar story and 0:14:06.720 --> 0:14:08.920 that kind of by the time the seventeen eighteen hundreds 0:14:08.920 --> 0:14:11.800 are creeping around, things are starting to like look kind 0:14:11.800 --> 0:14:15.360 of shitty, even though they still have massive overseas possessions, 0:14:15.360 --> 0:14:17.839 which they're going to maintained until the middle late middle 0:14:17.840 --> 0:14:21.600 of last century. So the fact that they've got all 0:14:21.600 --> 0:14:24.560 these colonial territories Portugal is going to come in a 0:14:24.600 --> 0:14:28.280 handy when Napoleon invades in eighteen oh seven and the 0:14:28.360 --> 0:14:31.280 royal family of Portugal has to flee to Brazil, which 0:14:31.320 --> 0:14:34.920 declares it's independence not long after this fact, So that's 0:14:34.960 --> 0:14:37.320 no longer going to be a case for Portugal, you know, 0:14:37.400 --> 0:14:40.280 kind of after this period, as is often the case 0:14:40.320 --> 0:14:43.840 with royal families, Portugal's royal family not good at ruling. 0:14:44.240 --> 0:14:48.000 The Catholic Church, which held tremendous power, coveted its position 0:14:48.160 --> 0:14:50.960 as the sole provider of social services and the cultural 0:14:50.960 --> 0:14:53.880 power that that brought. Very similar to Spain, you get 0:14:53.880 --> 0:14:56.720 a lot of similar things with like basically Carlists, like 0:14:56.760 --> 0:14:59.680 people who believe in the Catholic Church is the soul, 0:14:59.720 --> 0:15:03.880 like legitimate sort of you know authority, you know, pushing 0:15:04.160 --> 0:15:07.480 against these kind of republican ideals in the eighteen hundreds 0:15:07.560 --> 0:15:09.360 nineteen hundreds, as modernity comes out. 0:15:09.360 --> 0:15:13.480 I mean, it is funny how much plague beat the 0:15:13.520 --> 0:15:16.920 shit out of the Church. Oh yeah, after people came out, 0:15:16.920 --> 0:15:18.440 they're like, these guys weren't doing shit. 0:15:18.880 --> 0:15:21.280 Yeah, Wow. It turns out they were wrong about a lot. 0:15:21.720 --> 0:15:25.920 Turns out the pope in France. Yeah, surrounded himself in 0:15:25.960 --> 0:15:29.200 a wall of fire. That doesn't seem good. 0:15:29.360 --> 0:15:29.800 We do that. 0:15:29.960 --> 0:15:31.960 I've done that before. It's not the worst thing to do. 0:15:32.040 --> 0:15:34.880 But yeah, I mean it's cool, it's cool, It looks great. 0:15:35.000 --> 0:15:35.720 It is cool. 0:15:35.960 --> 0:15:40.800 Yeah. Also check out the movie, the new Paul Verhoven movie, 0:15:41.640 --> 0:15:44.560 Bernadotta or something like that. It's about this nun in 0:15:44.600 --> 0:15:47.160 Italy during the plague years. Fucking wild shit. 0:15:47.280 --> 0:15:48.800 She becomes a robot cop. 0:15:49.080 --> 0:15:53.240 Yeah, exactly, it is cool, classic Paul Verhoven movie. So, 0:15:53.360 --> 0:15:56.320 as a result, very little changes in Portugal and almost 0:15:56.360 --> 0:15:58.960 nothing gets better until the king is ousted during a 0:15:58.960 --> 0:16:01.320 civil war in the eighteen thirties. This is not going 0:16:01.400 --> 0:16:03.880 to last super long, but for a period of time 0:16:03.920 --> 0:16:07.800 there's this like liberal kind of party backed by Great Britain, 0:16:08.080 --> 0:16:10.120 and they win and they see some property in the 0:16:10.200 --> 0:16:12.840 church from the church and from the nobility, but they 0:16:12.880 --> 0:16:15.520 also don't do much to fix the larger issues the 0:16:15.560 --> 0:16:19.120 country has, and most Portuguese people still can't read. The 0:16:19.120 --> 0:16:21.359 country has bent over under the weight of these Titanic 0:16:21.440 --> 0:16:24.360 debts that have been accrued to from generations of overspending 0:16:24.760 --> 0:16:28.160 and the country kind of continues to hobble along. Monarchists 0:16:28.200 --> 0:16:30.400 are able to get like a weak king you know, 0:16:30.520 --> 0:16:33.480 in there, and they quarrel with Republicans who are trying 0:16:33.520 --> 0:16:37.520 to support like a new electoral system that also isn't 0:16:37.600 --> 0:16:40.360 very sturdy. And it's into this kind of fucked up 0:16:40.360 --> 0:16:43.320 and failing nation that Salazar grows up. Right, So this 0:16:43.440 --> 0:16:47.000 is also what's happening, is he's watching both this increasingly 0:16:47.040 --> 0:16:52.240 like sclerotic and ineffective, like royal family fail to hold power, 0:16:52.520 --> 0:16:55.760 and he's also watching these gasps of republicanism that aren't 0:16:55.800 --> 0:16:57.200 really fixing things either. 0:16:57.600 --> 0:17:02.000 And we've never seen this in the background, right, dictator, Yeah, 0:17:02.000 --> 0:17:05.359 this has never a failing place and learn how to 0:17:05.840 --> 0:17:09.280 how to play certain people chords in order to get 0:17:09.280 --> 0:17:09.840 what they want. 0:17:10.119 --> 0:17:11.800 Yeah, no, never before. 0:17:11.920 --> 0:17:15.240 But yeah, nothing's working for him, except for he sees 0:17:15.280 --> 0:17:18.919 his parents like succeeding, right, because they're unusually educated and 0:17:19.000 --> 0:17:22.160 ambitious and they want more for their kids. His older sister, 0:17:22.240 --> 0:17:25.119 Marta becomes a school teacher. His parents seem to have 0:17:25.160 --> 0:17:27.840 been the normal amount of strict for their era, but 0:17:27.840 --> 0:17:30.840 a biographer, Tom Gallagher notes that as the youngest child 0:17:30.880 --> 0:17:34.840 and only boy, Antonio Salazar was babied and quote received 0:17:34.880 --> 0:17:37.399 none of the punishments that his mother occasionally meet it 0:17:37.440 --> 0:17:40.720 out right, so he's kind of by the time he 0:17:40.800 --> 0:17:43.239 comes along, his sisters have sort of gotten all of 0:17:43.280 --> 0:17:48.320 the spankings, right, not an uncommon youngest kids story where yeah, 0:17:48.359 --> 0:17:50.760 my parents were way bigger dix when I was a kid. 0:17:50.840 --> 0:17:54.240 What happened. What you need, though, is you need that gap. 0:17:54.280 --> 0:17:56.920 You need a bigger gap between the siblings, the top 0:17:56.960 --> 0:17:59.560 sibling and the younger, the oldest thing, because if it's 0:17:59.600 --> 0:18:01.000 too close, you just get the beatings. 0:18:01.040 --> 0:18:03.160 Any Yeah, you just get the beatings. But if it's 0:18:03.320 --> 0:18:05.920 long enough, your parents are tired, their arms don't work 0:18:05.960 --> 0:18:08.119 as well, especially when there's old as Antonio. 0:18:08.560 --> 0:18:10.439 My brother and I were two years apart, so he 0:18:10.480 --> 0:18:12.880 would beat me and then I would I would get 0:18:12.920 --> 0:18:14.000 something there you go. 0:18:14.400 --> 0:18:16.159 But then, like I know, people lay it on my 0:18:16.240 --> 0:18:18.399 little brother's fifteen years younger than me. It's like, well, 0:18:18.400 --> 0:18:19.280