Speaker 1: Welcome to Creature feature production of I Heart Radio. I'm
Speaker 1: your host of Many Parasites, Katie Golden. I studied psychology
Speaker 1: and evolutionary biology, and someone gave me a microphone, and well,
Speaker 1: here I am in your years. Today on the show,
Speaker 1: we're talking about dank animal memes. Kids. Did you know
Speaker 1: humans aren't the only one spreading sweet memes? That's right,
Speaker 1: We're talking about viral bird song that's getting retweeted like
Speaker 1: crazy otto, tupperware parties, and dolphins engaging in the hottest
Speaker 1: new trend shelling discover this more as we answer the
Speaker 1: angel question how do fireflies synchronize their butts? Joining me
Speaker 1: today is podcaster, comedian, Jeopardy champ and bison connoisseur Alex Schmidt, Like,
Speaker 1: I just need to get all of that on one
Speaker 1: business card as soon as I can. Now, I'm gonna
Speaker 1: I'm gonna run to Vista Print or something. You get
Speaker 1: it done. Why am I plugging Vista Print? I don't know.
Speaker 1: It's the one that jumped to mind. Back to you, Katie's.
Speaker 1: So today, much like business cards, we're going to talk
Speaker 1: about memes, which is basically, so what a meme is? Here?
Speaker 1: I am Okay, old Grandma Katie is going to explain
Speaker 1: to you kids what memes are. Just pull up a seat.
Speaker 1: Imagine me in a backwards baseball hat. I'm sitting backwards
Speaker 1: in a chair and it's like, hey, hey, kids, how's
Speaker 1: it going. Let's talk about memes today. But at its essence,
Speaker 1: a meme is the spreading of information at a rapid
Speaker 1: rate and using obviously we use these fun little image
Speaker 1: formats or funny joke formats. You're basically spreading this unit
Speaker 1: of information and then everyone takes it in all turns
Speaker 1: it slightly. But hey, kids, did you know that animals
Speaker 1: can meme to They can meme with the best of them.
Speaker 1: I do. I have like the backwards in a chair
Speaker 1: talking to the kids. Thing makes me think of the
Speaker 1: actual science teacher who tried to tell us that meme
Speaker 1: is like a scientific term that Richard Dawkins and other
Speaker 1: people were using. And I was like, oh, buzz off,
Speaker 1: I want advice animals and other memes of this era
Speaker 1: that this happened. And yeah, because it's it's meant to
Speaker 1: sound like gene. You know, meme gene basically the spreading
Speaker 1: of information. That is, it's from the Greek mimima, which
Speaker 1: means to imitate, and then it's patterned after gene, So
Speaker 1: meme gene you know now you know. Now I've ruined
Speaker 1: it for you all. It's been ruined by knowledge. Now
Speaker 1: it's no longer cool, it's no longer funny. Ripped memes
Speaker 1: from whatever two thousand and five to I'm actually now
Speaker 1: I'm imagining the American chopper meme. But they're arguing about
Speaker 1: whether this knowledge ruins memes or enriches them, because I
Speaker 1: think it enriches them. I like knowing this stuff. Meta
Speaker 1: memes the best memes of all, certainly not tires. So
Speaker 1: meme kids, We're going to talk about animals and how
Speaker 1: they spread information with each other, and we're going to
Speaker 1: start with otter tupperware parties. So again, Grandma Katie is
Speaker 1: going to explain to you what a tupperware party. So
Speaker 1: tupperware parties were these things that happened, I think in
Speaker 1: the fifties and sixties where women would get together and
Speaker 1: sell tupperware, which was this cool new thing where you
Speaker 1: stored food in these little plastic containers. And the premise
Speaker 1: of the tupperware party is, hey, women are entrepreneurs. Now,
Speaker 1: but only for things that are domestic related, and only
Speaker 1: if we presented as these fun tupper where parties where
Speaker 1: ladies get together and have some tea and cookies and
Speaker 1: sell tupperware. So it's kind of this. It was this
Speaker 1: interesting phenomena of Hey, women, you can be entrepreneurs too,
Speaker 1: but only with tupperwars. Women love that stuff, right, don't worry.
Speaker 1: You can also sell lipstick and tips on child rering probably,
Speaker 1: and you know whatever women like. Yes, the couzy teacuzies
Speaker 1: never quite understood. That is quite understood. Wouldn't a teacuzy
Speaker 1: be like that foam beer cover but for a cup
Speaker 1: of tea like that? Yeah, but there's also it's around
Speaker 1: a teapot. Is it a cozy? I think it's like,
Speaker 1: then what's a couzy? This is all extremely on topic. Anyways,
Speaker 1: when I'm when I'm smashing teas with the boys on Saturdays,
Speaker 1: I always throw a couzy on it, keep it warm.
Speaker 1: When you're pounded back to with the bros, always get
Speaker 1: a couzy on there. Yeah. So scientists are throwing Otter's
Speaker 1: tupperware parties because it is for research. So I for
Speaker 1: this show, I want to I've I've done a fun
Speaker 1: little Okay, I'm getting really dumb and nerdy with this
Speaker 1: whole episode, because, first of all, I've written titles for
Speaker 1: each of the sections. Usually I don't share them, they're
Speaker 1: just for my reference, but I titled this section There's
Speaker 1: no Meme and Teamwork, and I thought I should share
Speaker 1: that I did. I was quietly appreciating the pun. I
Speaker 1: didn't know if I could tell the listener. I'm so
Speaker 1: glad we could. And I'm also starting off with I've
Speaker 1: written a fake news headline for you know how, they're
Speaker 1: always these headlines that come out and there's a new trend,
Speaker 1: like kids are out there eating tide pods at massive rates,
Speaker 1: or they're rubbing bird's bees chapstick on their balls and
Speaker 1: it's called bees in, and these very hysterical news headlines
Speaker 1: that make it sound like these new trends are going
Speaker 1: to be the downfall and turn all the kids into Satanists.
Speaker 1: So I've written some of these to introduce what's happening
Speaker 1: with these animals. So here is this one. Scientists are
Speaker 1: giving otters tupperware parties, a new trend that is surpassing
Speaker 1: TikTok's and k pops, where will the madness end? So
Speaker 1: researchers are interested in otter tool use and how they learned.
Speaker 1: So sea otters famously use rocks on their tommies to
Speaker 1: crack open shellfish. So you know the little sea otters,
Speaker 1: they have their food on their tommies. They use the
Speaker 1: little rocks and smack open some shellfish to have a
Speaker 1: nice meal. The problem is it's harder to research sea otters,
Speaker 1: especially for these UK researchers, because they couldn't get a
Speaker 1: captive population of them in zoos. So they looked at
Speaker 1: smooth coated otters and Asian small clawed otters which were
Speaker 1: chosen for the Tupperware party study. So the smooth coated
Speaker 1: otter is found in the wetlands of Iraq, the Indian
Speaker 1: subcontinent in Southeast Asia. They weigh up to about twenty
Speaker 1: four pounds, which is eleven kill grams and they're about
Speaker 1: the size of a medium dog. But a noodle dog,
Speaker 1: I guess, a long dog. Yeah, the most aerodynamic but
Speaker 1: for water dog possible, Like if a dog was a
Speaker 1: plane but in a river, does that make sense? Probably not,
Speaker 1: but no, no, it totally does. Plane river river river
Speaker 1: plane dogs. If if dogs were airplanes that went through
Speaker 1: the river and they were covered in hair and they
Speaker 1: bit the heads off of fish like this photo. I
Speaker 1: shared a photo with you, Alex. It's an otter biting
Speaker 1: the head off of a fish. Do you like it?
Speaker 1: He looks, He looks like me when a pistachio shell
Speaker 1: is weird. Try like and like. Fingers cannot do this job.
Speaker 1: It's time for teeth. But carefully that's what you used.
Speaker 1: Do it now? Onto the small cloud otter. The small
Speaker 1: cloud otter is found in South and Southeast Asia in
Speaker 1: freshwater wetlands. It's a bit smaller than the smooth coated otter.
Speaker 1: It weighs up to about eight pounds, which is three
Speaker 1: point five kg. So it's the size of a little dog,
Speaker 1: like a chihuahua, but long elongated chihuahua. Yeah. So again,
Speaker 1: a smaller aircraft in a river and it's a dog.
Speaker 1: This is like a like a Cessna in a in
Speaker 1: a river. I don't know planes? Did I do? Did
Speaker 1: I do? Get on? That? Is that? What is that
Speaker 1: a plane? You know? As someone that a small plane,
Speaker 1: as someone who has played Microsoft Flight Simulator, Yes, that's correct.
Speaker 1: Not to throw around by Enorva's expertise, but so so.
Speaker 1: These two species of otters can be found in uk
Speaker 1: zoos where the study took place, and they have. One
Speaker 1: of the other benefits of choosing these otters, the smooth
Speaker 1: coated otter and the small clod otter is they both
Speaker 1: have They're both very social in the wild, but they
Speaker 1: have slightly different habits. So the smooth coated otters hunt
Speaker 1: together cooperatively, whereas the small clod otters, though their friends
Speaker 1: with each other and they hang out, they hunt independently.
Speaker 1: So the researchers gave the otters tupperware filled with treats
Speaker 1: and watched to see if the otters would figure out
Speaker 1: how to open them on their own or with the
Speaker 1: help of their friends. So they put a whole bunch
Speaker 1: of great wonderful snacks inside of these tupperware containers. They
Speaker 1: put fish heads, peanuts, meal worms, chick legs, and shrimp.
Speaker 1: Which is actually exactly what my fridge looks like right now.
Speaker 1: It is one of those things chick legs. What's like
Speaker 1: like the legs of a baby chicken. I believe so, yes, yes,
Speaker 1: that is like on the one hand, horrifying and on
Speaker 1: the other hand, I could imagine learning that some restaurant
Speaker 1: is doing that and everybody's going crazy, Like I feel
Speaker 1: both ways about it. Yeah, the auto restaurant called Chic
Speaker 1: Chic and its chick legs. So the smooth coated otters,
Speaker 1: which are the larger otters who hunt together, as the
Speaker 1: researchers predicted, were much better at copying each other and
Speaker 1: working together to solve these tupperware puzzles, the mystery of
Speaker 1: the tupperware, and especially the young otters, who were six
Speaker 1: times faster at learning how to open up the tupperware
Speaker 1: than their elders. So basically, it's as if these otters
Speaker 1: are the tupperware is the smartphones, and the otter. The
Speaker 1: older otters are saying things such as, oh, I can't
Speaker 1: how do I get on the Twitters? And then young
Speaker 1: otter is going, uh duh, you just click these buttons,
Speaker 1: and the older otters are just baffled. But it's tupperware.
Speaker 1: That's also I'm just realizing, because you're talking about otters
Speaker 1: doing that cute thing where they have the food on
Speaker 1: their belly and they eat it that way, that is
Speaker 1: like precisely the smartphone pose they already are. They are
Speaker 1: very prepared for that situation if we ever took them up.
Speaker 1: We have not tried to give otters smartphones yet, and
Speaker 1: I think it's because we're afraid of what we'll find,
Speaker 1: which is that they will take to it like a
Speaker 1: duck to water, or like an otter to water, and
Speaker 1: basically outpace us some all the social media's. Can you
Speaker 1: imagine otter TikTok and otter Twitter? It would be amazing.
Speaker 1: We stand no chance. Yeah, I only want to see
Speaker 1: animals on TikTok at this point anyway. Yeah, so, like
Speaker 1: otter influencers would be the death of all human and
Speaker 1: not literally but figuratively the death of all human influencers.
Speaker 1: Although I don't know. Otters are eating baby chicken legs
Speaker 1: all the time, so they are a little bit scary soul.
Speaker 1: It could be that thing you know when you like
Speaker 1: accidentally switch the way your camera's facing and it's like
Speaker 1: mostly your chin doing a bunch of like folds somehow,
Speaker 1: and it's very surprising, Like what if otters like look
Speaker 1: cute from every angle except that one smartphone one from
Speaker 1: their belly, and then we're like, oh, forget it, just
Speaker 1: just a bunch of half eaten shellfish and they're stuff
Speaker 1: like shrimp cotton their chin and yeah, it's discussing, but
Speaker 1: I don't know, I still want to see it. So
Speaker 1: the short the short clod otters, So those smaller otters
Speaker 1: didn't seem to understand that there is no I otter
Speaker 1: in team otter because they didn't seem to learn from
Speaker 1: each other to work together to open these tupperware. So
Speaker 1: they were working independently. They weren't learning from each other.
Speaker 1: And what's interesting about that is that seems to mirror
Speaker 1: their hunting behavior. So even though both of these species
Speaker 1: of otters are social with each other, the fact that
Speaker 1: one of them, the smooth coated otters, actually hunt together,
Speaker 1: made all the difference in how they were able to
Speaker 1: cooperate and share information on how to open this tupperware. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and I never think of outer species having different approaches
Speaker 1: to be in social that that's just fascinating. I just
Speaker 1: figured they all kind of do the same thing because
Speaker 1: because I see otters left, apparently, yeah, different strokes for
Speaker 1: different utter folks. But the this, these findings are actually
Speaker 1: really important for conservation to see if captive otters, when released,
Speaker 1: would learn from their wild counterfarts counterfarts would learn from
Speaker 1: their wild counterparts and survive, or conversely, if wild counterparts
Speaker 1: might be influenced by captive otters released into the environment
Speaker 1: and learn from them. So yeah, it's it's really important
Speaker 1: to know how animals spread information, not just because it's
Speaker 1: interesting in it teaches us about the world, but it
Speaker 1: also helps us approach conservation correctly. Yeah, that's isn't that
Speaker 1: Isn't that a whole thing with almost all kind of
Speaker 1: animals where they'll just sort of be culturally different from
Speaker 1: the culture is not the right word, but they'll they'll
Speaker 1: behave very differently from their fellow animals. Is it not
Speaker 1: the right word? You know? I think it's it's actually
Speaker 1: there's a question of whether we could call it culture
Speaker 1: or not, because if it's something that I mean, if
Speaker 1: it's something that they learn and if it evolves over time,
Speaker 1: I don't know why we can't necessarily call it culture.
Speaker 1: I don't know why we can't call otters cultured. I
Speaker 1: think it's snobbery. Well, I'll never let those odds into
Speaker 1: this school or some snob thing. I don't know what
Speaker 1: my character is, but you get it. No shirt, no shoes, otters,
Speaker 1: no service So now moving on to another water dwelling
Speaker 1: mammal dolphins. So, I think most people are well aware
Speaker 1: of how intelligent dolphins are, but it is sometimes spooky
Speaker 1: how smart they are and how they learn from each other,
Speaker 1: like sleek, terrifying robots that swim in the ocean and
Speaker 1: use their brains to echolocate. Anyways, so here's a here's
Speaker 1: my headline about dolphins. Dolphins across the world are engaging
Speaker 1: in a viral trend known as quote shelling. What do you,
Speaker 1: as a dolphin parent need to know about this dangerous
Speaker 1: new trend? I love I love trend headlines in general.
Speaker 1: I love that. I love that you're doing this framing.
Speaker 1: It's the best. They're they're always they're always just like
Speaker 1: here's a term, are you scared or not? It's the best.
Speaker 1: Like kids are doing waffling where they eat for waffles
Speaker 1: at once. Yeah, yeah, they always they take like a
Speaker 1: regular there now and then turn it into a verb
Speaker 1: and you're like, oh, I guess, I guess that's frightening now,
Speaker 1: Like like you just look at you look at something
Speaker 1: in the room. What's here a coat? Teens are coding?
Speaker 1: Like you know, like that's just how these things get written.
Speaker 1: It's great. They're putting socks on their ears and they're
Speaker 1: calling it socking it. But yeah, dolphins do engage in shelling,
Speaker 1: and this is the actual term used by marine biologists
Speaker 1: who describe this behavior. So in Shark Bay, Western Australia,
Speaker 1: dolphins are teaching each other shelling. Danta done so they
Speaker 1: will chase fish into an empty she shall I fail
Speaker 1: at the tongue twisters obviously into an empty seashell. Carry this.
Speaker 1: Biologists must have to limber up to do any speaking
Speaker 1: about their work. Do mouth exercises exactly. They chase all right,
Speaker 1: I'm gonna do this. She sells seashells by the seashore. Okay,
Speaker 1: there we go. They chase fish into an empty seashell,
Speaker 1: carrying the shell to the surface of the water, and
Speaker 1: then they emptied the fish into their mouths like it's
Speaker 1: a package of fish skittles. That rules. That's very good. Yeah,
Speaker 1: Like we need more animals to do snacking behaviors just
Speaker 1: in general. I want to feel normal. Yeah, it's akin
Speaker 1: to us chasing pringles into a pringle package and then
Speaker 1: dumping it into our mouths. If pringles were sentient animals,
Speaker 1: I guess, but yeah, it's incredibly intelligent behavior and very
Speaker 1: funny too. In some circles this behavior is known as
Speaker 1: conching because they often use conscience. I think, how how
Speaker 1: is ten times funnier than shelling. I don't know why.
Speaker 1: I don't know. I think it's because. I think it's
Speaker 1: because conscience is such a cumbersome word that you could use.
Speaker 1: Shelling makes a lot of sense, it's simple, but to
Speaker 1: specify consci and and say conscient, trying to turn that
Speaker 1: into a verb is very funny. So Dr Sonya Wild,
Speaker 1: behavioral ecologists at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior
Speaker 1: in Germany, and her colleagues studied the dolphin behavior and
Speaker 1: found that instead of being good dolphins and learning from
Speaker 1: their parents, they're a bunch of delinquent dolphins learning shelling
Speaker 1: from their peers just to be trendy. So is this
Speaker 1: doctor Wild? Yeah, Dr Sonya Wild, that's a person. Yeah,
Speaker 1: that's a person and behavioral ecologists that's like a that's
Speaker 1: like a Da Vinci code book. But about marine biologist's
Speaker 1: character name, that's amazing. It is me, Dr Wild, Welcome
Speaker 1: to my chamber of mysteries. I imagine her having a
Speaker 1: comp oh, flooded compound filled with super intelligent dolphins with
Speaker 1: a little dollers that allow them to speak to humans.
Speaker 1: And it's Dr Wilde's dolphin Emporium that I'm meant to
Speaker 1: it because also we we breeze past like these dolphins
Speaker 1: are in Shark Bay of Western Australia, right like Dr
Speaker 1: Sonja wild goes to Shark Bay is the thriller that
Speaker 1: I would like to see as a film. She's definitely
Speaker 1: got a secret layer. No offense. I think it's cool,
Speaker 1: but yes, she definitely has a secret layer. Proved me wrong.
Speaker 1: So Dr Wilde said, quote, you never know when it's
Speaker 1: going to happen. She's referring to shelling. It's really remarkable
Speaker 1: when all of a sudden there's a giant shell popping
Speaker 1: up by the boat being shaken by a dolphin. One
Speaker 1: of two things is about to happen. You're going to
Speaker 1: make an animal behavioral discovery, or a bunch of fish
Speaker 1: are going to break out into song and the dolphin
Speaker 1: is playing with the shells, and everyone's going to start
Speaker 1: singing and convincing you to come to a new conclusion
Speaker 1: about your life and all of that. So, so the
Speaker 1: important thing about this discovery is that it shows dolphins
Speaker 1: don't just learn from their own family, but from unrelated peers.
Speaker 1: And I think that is very important in terms of
Speaker 1: understanding how information is passed amongst animals, especially one as
Speaker 1: intelligent as dolphins, because it shows, like we were talking
Speaker 1: about earlier Alex, this idea of culture. What is culture?
Speaker 1: Is it passing information and habits amongst a group? And
Speaker 1: if these are their peers and not just they're not
Speaker 1: just their mothers or their own families, it means they're
Speaker 1: kind of creating, you know, a society. How soon did
Speaker 1: you get excited to say the word society? Was it? Like?
Speaker 1: It was about halfway into that sentence and I started
Speaker 1: my I started to tingle all over. It's great, I do. Yeah.
Speaker 1: I think I always think of the overall concept of
Speaker 1: calling it a school of fish when you talk about
Speaker 1: a group of fish, and then that leads to like
Speaker 1: finding Nemo, it's actually a school ha ha. I think
Speaker 1: I'm the most ready to think of marine life learning
Speaker 1: things from each other like teenagers like this. So it's
Speaker 1: amazing that it's real. It's not just like from our
Speaker 1: goofy terms and pick our movies. I used to watch
Speaker 1: those old I think those were the Max Fleischer cartoons.
Speaker 1: Is that is that the guy who did Betty Boop
Speaker 1: and stuff, And he had these ones that were my
Speaker 1: favorite were the ones where you'd go underwater and you'd
Speaker 1: watch fish in their fish society. And there was one
Speaker 1: with this naughty fish that didn't want to go to school,
Speaker 1: so he went out and hung out with all the
Speaker 1: bad fish and the mean octopuses, and it was there's
Speaker 1: something so charming about He would have a gag where
Speaker 1: uh fish would pick up a phone off the hook,
Speaker 1: you know, one of those old timey phones where what
Speaker 1: were they called the old yeah, the old timey rotary
Speaker 1: phones and pick it up and and the fish would
Speaker 1: leave and then the phone would just be floating in
Speaker 1: the water, and just the the fun the idea of
Speaker 1: having a society underwater always tickles me. It's always very funny.
Speaker 1: Top comedy, top tier comedy. Right, All our gravity based
Speaker 1: things are are foolish there. But that's what's so interesting
Speaker 1: about dolphin tool use is they have to be really
Speaker 1: really ingenious about how they use these tools because they
Speaker 1: have to drive a fish into a shell, which is
Speaker 1: probably a fit natural fish behavior. They take refuge in
Speaker 1: any little crevice they find, but they make sure it's
Speaker 1: something that is movable, a container they can carry, and
Speaker 1: then when they carry it to the surface, they can
Speaker 1: toss the fish out of air where the fish can't
Speaker 1: really maneuver very easily. So it's all just every step
Speaker 1: of this process of I scared the fish, it goes
Speaker 1: into the shell, I pick up the shell, I take
Speaker 1: it out of the water to the surface of the
Speaker 1: water and toss it back like Alex does with his
Speaker 1: buds on the weekend, drinking tea out of tea coozies,
Speaker 1: crushing tease, thank you, crushing teas, slamming them back. Just
Speaker 1: you gotta slam some fish back out of a nice shell,
Speaker 1: is what I'm saying to be cool in the dolphin world.
Speaker 1: So I really I realized fish or maybe the one
Speaker 1: thing that would be grosser to slam than hot tea.
Speaker 1: We'll remember. Remember. I think there was a thing back
Speaker 1: in what was it, like the sixties or seventies where
Speaker 1: teenagers were doing goldfishing or something where they would swallow
Speaker 1: live goldfish and have these stupid frat guys would have
Speaker 1: competitions to see how many live goldfish they could swallow,
Speaker 1: which is just mean to goldfish. Guys, don't don't be
Speaker 1: mean to goldfish. Yeah, yeah, let him live. So, in
Speaker 1: case you were wondering, and I know you all were,
Speaker 1: it's not just vertebrates who help each other learn how
Speaker 1: to get food. So here's my headline about ants. Actually, Alex,
Speaker 1: you want to read this headline from UH the from
Speaker 1: the New New Ant Times. Yes, of course, UH officials
Speaker 1: found that ants are practicing something called tandem recruitment, and
Speaker 1: I can only hope to God that these ants don't
Speaker 1: start recruiting our children more at eleven you have to watch.
Speaker 1: So these are timno thorax albe penace ants or rock
Speaker 1: ants are found in Europe and like to build their
Speaker 1: colonies in the crevices of rocks. So they do tandem
Speaker 1: recruitment or tandem running, where one ant who knows where
Speaker 1: there's a tasty, hot new restaurant called old Discard banana
Speaker 1: peal will move side by side with another aunt who
Speaker 1: doesn't know where this hot new dining spot is, and
Speaker 1: the savvy ant will slow down and pause at useful
Speaker 1: landmarks to help its partner learn the path to food.
Speaker 1: So the follower will make sure they're going the right
Speaker 1: way by continually patting the leader on the abdomen, but
Speaker 1: really it's the caboose part of the admin, so it
Speaker 1: looks like it's just a bunch of encouraging butt paths,
Speaker 1: which I think is really cute. Here's a video of
Speaker 1: two sisters but padding their way to teamwork if you
Speaker 1: want to see it, you know, Yeah, I'm gonna fright
Speaker 1: this up. Okay, So I've observed the padding, and it
Speaker 1: really looks a lot like tickling. I'm pretty do it
Speaker 1: as a thing to think of ants doing to each
Speaker 1: other while they're working, like yeah, and she's using her
Speaker 1: antenna to pat the leader on the butt and yeah,
Speaker 1: it's it's really interesting because the leader will also show
Speaker 1: the follower these landmarks, so they'll pause in front of landmarks,
Speaker 1: so you know, saying, hey, when you pass the old
Speaker 1: lemon rind and the wadded up tissue, then you get
Speaker 1: to the banana peel, take a left at the discarded
Speaker 1: A O L C D case and then you're there.
Speaker 1: That's another topical thing, isn't it old trial c ds? Hey? Kids,
Speaker 1: I'm hip. It's it's it's old Katie here being hip
Speaker 1: and teaching you about memes and a O L trial
Speaker 1: C D discs, well, well, trash in particular, it's like
Speaker 1: a layered history of culture, right, Like it's a geological
Speaker 1: you know, like there's there's Eisenhower tupper ware down below it,
Speaker 1: you know, and you'll find stuff. Yeah, exactly. It's going
Speaker 1: to be fascinating for future generations to go through landfills
Speaker 1: and wonder what we're street sharks, what POGs? Uh? Uh?
Speaker 1: Have you ever been subjected to the strange corporate ritual
Speaker 1: known as team building? Well, it may comfort you to
Speaker 1: know that you're not alone. Many animals who work together
Speaker 1: as teams need to learn how to communicate and synergize,
Speaker 1: and they do so in the form of play. Wolf
Speaker 1: families work together to ensure their survival, and play amongst
Speaker 1: a wolfpack helps establish relationships between the wolves and also
Speaker 1: helps the wolves blow off steam and reduces conflict. So
Speaker 1: in the future, in post COVID times, when we're forced
Speaker 1: to do team building exercises again, take a cue from
Speaker 1: wolves and start wrestling over a chunk of raw caribou
Speaker 1: to build those healthy interpersonal relationships. When we return, we're
Speaker 1: going to talk about more animal memes, specifically the way
Speaker 1: animals use their voices or their butts to communicate. And
Speaker 1: then we'll be talking about some viru real tweets from
Speaker 1: literal birds. Birds may lack social media, but they do
Speaker 1: have social tweetia. Birds have an extremely complex method of
Speaker 1: vocal communication, including mating calls, territorial calls, and alarms meant
Speaker 1: to protect flocks from predators. But birds don't come pre
Speaker 1: programmed with a static repertoire. They have to learn as
Speaker 1: young birds by listening to adults and sometimes a new
Speaker 1: innovation and birdsong takes bird kind by storm. So, Alex,
Speaker 1: this is a headline from Bird's Song bi Weekly. Would
Speaker 1: you like to read? I want to subscribe to Birdsong
Speaker 1: bi weekly, but I surely um. In Canada, a new
Speaker 1: song has taken white throated sparrows by storm. These sparrows
Speaker 1: are bucking traditional songs in favor of this hot new tune.
Speaker 1: Some older sparrows take umbradge at the change. What was
Speaker 1: wrong with the old song? Says Manitoba bird resident Peepers
Speaker 1: mc cheapers. I didn't I didn't read very fast with
Speaker 1: my eyes and peeper's mike Cheapers really hit me in
Speaker 1: a good bay that felt great, oh that all peepers
Speaker 1: make cheaper. Is always telling young birds to get off
Speaker 1: his front twig, stay away from the mic cheeper's place. Oh,
Speaker 1: come on, other kid birds, and then oh man papers
Speaker 1: mc cheapers, you can't you can't do do ring and
Speaker 1: ditch on his nest. I mean, we don't even have doors.
Speaker 1: So white throated sparrows in Canada have been observed changing
Speaker 1: their signature song over a relatively short period of time.
Speaker 1: In just twenty years, birds from two thousand miles around
Speaker 1: have adopted the new song, which is an unusually rapid
Speaker 1: change in bird's song behavior. So often bird's song laugh
Speaker 1: a really long time, hundreds of years, maybe even thousands
Speaker 1: of years. But in this case, these birds are changing
Speaker 1: their song really rapidly. I know, twenty years seems like
Speaker 1: a long time, but in terms of evolutionary history and
Speaker 1: in terms of behavioral changes in huge groups of animals,
Speaker 1: that is really fast. That's that's viral in terms of
Speaker 1: when it comes from other nature, twenty years is viral.
Speaker 1: So birds learned songs while young by listening to their elders.
Speaker 1: So usually songs remain stagnant over many years because they're
Speaker 1: picking up on the main song and they're repeating it.
Speaker 1: But these birds shifted their song from a characteristic three
Speaker 1: note ditty to a new two notes song, which really
Speaker 1: speaks to how they just don't write bird songs like
Speaker 1: they used to. You know, right in my in my day,
Speaker 1: you needed to know three notes to play birds song.
Speaker 1: Now it's all these punks do it to It's as
Speaker 1: if that's even music. It's really fun to me. It's
Speaker 1: just noise. It just sounds. I've been I've been getting
Speaker 1: into country music last few years, and like there's an
Speaker 1: old saying about country music is that it's three chords
Speaker 1: and the truth. Like I like the idea that the
Speaker 1: old birds are like it was three notes in the
Speaker 1: truth man, that was it. And now well even even
Speaker 1: animal behavioral experts are have an interesting perspective on it.
Speaker 1: So Dr ken Otter, who surprisingly studies birds and not otters,
Speaker 1: Come on, scientists, con do we do we know that
Speaker 1: Ken Otter is. It's not like, oh, Dr Ken who
Speaker 1: is an otter? You know, like, is this a person? Oh,
Speaker 1: he is probably an otter. It's probably haven't your study on.
Speaker 1: I am writing a grant proposal for a study on
Speaker 1: bird song. Now, if only I can get this dang
Speaker 1: tupperware open. Dang it. It's follow the tastiest fish heads
Speaker 1: and chick legs. So Dr kin Otter, the lead author
Speaker 1: of a study examining this shift in bird song, said, quote,
Speaker 1: white throated sparrows have this classic song that's supposed to
Speaker 1: sound like it goes quote oh my sweet Canada, Canada, Canada,
Speaker 1: he explains, and then he says, and our birds they
Speaker 1: sound like they're going, oh my sweet Cannon Canuck, Canuck, Canada,
Speaker 1: which is really funny to me how it sounds like
Speaker 1: he's criticizing them for being unpatriotic in Canada. It's like,
Speaker 1: these goddamn young sparrows are unpatriotic little ingrates. I first
Speaker 1: of all, Canada, I'm sorry, I said, you're an actual adder.
Speaker 1: But second you're probably Canadian. And as Katie said, he's
Speaker 1: adorable that you are so patriotic and your your friends
Speaker 1: long research can Otter from Canada, h who's an honor. Sorry,
Speaker 1: it all makes sense. So here is the historic song
Speaker 1: of the white throated sparrows. Oh okay, yeah, that's oh
Speaker 1: my Canada, Canada, Canada. Yeah. And then and here is
Speaker 1: the new pop song that all these birds are singing. Yeah,
Speaker 1: so you hear the difference. It's kind of subtle, but yeah,
Speaker 1: they're they're definitely dropping a syllable there. Yeah, they're just
Speaker 1: it's more concise. It's yeah, I like. I like the
Speaker 1: bird music is like like how we humans innovate all culture,
Speaker 1: which is, among other things, just making it shorter and tighter,
Speaker 1: usually making it shorter, making it tweetable, clickable content. It's
Speaker 1: just all it's all about making it concise, these short
Speaker 1: attention spans. Sorry, it's not just humans, it's bird too. Yeah,
Speaker 1: you you play me that first bird song. I'm leaving
Speaker 1: that intermission, all right. I don't have time for this.
Speaker 1: I need it tight. So. Dr Jeffrey Potos, who studies birdsong,
Speaker 1: says that most alterations to songs don't actually catch on
Speaker 1: amongst birds, but quote, for some reason, some birds just
Speaker 1: went deviant, which again sounds awfully judgmental. Yeah, does the
Speaker 1: does the report say how much stank he put on
Speaker 1: that quote? Come up? Jeffrey, very judging. So the new
Speaker 1: song doesn't seem to have any effect on their survival
Speaker 1: or even their desirability to mates. So it's a real
Speaker 1: mystery why the birds seem to prefer it. It's it
Speaker 1: really does seem to be as if the birds feel
Speaker 1: that this is shorter and easier to tweet out, they
Speaker 1: want Twitter to go back to the old character limit.
Speaker 1: Gosh darn it, remember when it was a hundred worthy
Speaker 1: characters back my day. We had to be concise. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I guess because birdsong, well, I guess I wonder if
Speaker 1: it varies a cross species. But it's like just for
Speaker 1: a mating right, Like, there's not there's not also some
Speaker 1: communication thing of like all the seeds over here, or
Speaker 1: it's going to rain or something like. Well, bird calls.
Speaker 1: Bird calls can be about communication, absolutely, it can be
Speaker 1: warning other birds of predators. It can be basically saying
Speaker 1: this is my territory, stay out. There's all sorts of
Speaker 1: things that can communicate using bird song and bird calls.
Speaker 1: But yeah, it is also used for mating, so I
Speaker 1: think this one this might be specifically a mating song,
Speaker 1: but it is. Yeah, it's just really interesting because again
Speaker 1: they're not really sure why this is preferable other than
Speaker 1: it maybe being more concise. It's it's uh, yeah, yeah,
Speaker 1: it's the it's the birdsong version of I'm an ad
Speaker 1: and you get it like, rather than explaining the whole thing, like, well,
Speaker 1: we're very polite, we like hockey. And it's the bird
Speaker 1: version of sup instead of what's up or o MG
Speaker 1: instead of oh my gosh, oh MG sounds up before
Speaker 1: oh my gosh. Right, Oh yeah, I think so, oh
Speaker 1: my gosh, oh my gosh. So another animal that has
Speaker 1: an interesting way of spreading communication and keeping up the memes.
Speaker 1: They don't even have to make any sound at all.
Speaker 1: And these are synchronized fireflies. So, Alex, do you want
Speaker 1: want to hit me with this headline that I found
Speaker 1: from the Firefly Bugle? Yes, here we go. Do you
Speaker 1: know where your children are? Do you know if they're
Speaker 1: doing the flashy hot fad snappy sinks. I'm not going
Speaker 1: to read Firefly Bugle anymore that that's just making me scaped.
Speaker 1: I don't want an alarmist firefly publication. I thought this
Speaker 1: was about the television show. That's why I bought it
Speaker 1: in the first place. Yeah, the fire Firefly Bugle is
Speaker 1: in a long, long lawsuit with the makers of the
Speaker 1: TV show Firefly because like, we've been fireflies for hundreds
Speaker 1: of millions of years. Oh yeah, it's like when wrestling
Speaker 1: had to change the acronym and not the environmental group,
Speaker 1: like yeah, yeah, yeah, sorry. But also if you put
Speaker 1: I bet they decided that by actually putting a panda
Speaker 1: in the ring with one of the wrestlers, and the
Speaker 1: panda just wiped the floor with their butt. Because pandas
Speaker 1: look pandas look really sweet and innocent, but they're still bears,
Speaker 1: you know, they're still pretty powerful animals. Just heaving ceno
Speaker 1: over the ropes just to do it. You can't see me,
Speaker 1: and the pants like I can see snaps them in
Speaker 1: half like a big piece of bamboo. So fireflies like
Speaker 1: to communicate with their bioluminescent lower abdomens, or as I
Speaker 1: like to say, they're bioluminescent butts. It's not really a butt.
Speaker 1: Insect anatomy is different, so they don't really have a
Speaker 1: butt in the way that a human does. But it
Speaker 1: looks like the butt area. It's the lower abdomen. Okay,
Speaker 1: I'm going to call it a butt. Maybe it's not scientific,
Speaker 1: but hey, it's a firefly. But what are you gonna do? So, yeah,
Speaker 1: if you're if you're pro abdomen, give us a call
Speaker 1: it one to three cares or whatever the number is right,
Speaker 1: forget it. So voterists front Talus a k Ace. The
Speaker 1: snappy sink firefly are a species of firefly who like
Speaker 1: to synchronize their blinking. And I like their names snappy sing.
Speaker 1: It just sounds it sounds like an old person trying
Speaker 1: to name a social media platform and getting it wrong.
Speaker 1: Do you know what I mean? People getting on the
Speaker 1: snapchats or the snappy sinks or the eye talks or
Speaker 1: whatever to a tweet book. Yeah, it's one of those. Yeah,
Speaker 1: then gosh darn snappy sinks. So they're found in North
Speaker 1: America and they're synchronized. Light shows are often a celebrated spectacle,
Speaker 1: so males of this species offer up a spectacular light
Speaker 1: show of synchronized flashing to attract females. And research are
Speaker 1: trying to figure out how they synchronize so exactly when,
Speaker 1: So the fireflies really can only see when they're flashing, Like,
Speaker 1: you know, to be able to synchronize with so many
Speaker 1: fireflies simultaneously when you could only see just a few
Speaker 1: fireflies in your line of sight, it's pretty incredible thinking
Speaker 1: about how they are a able to synchronize it where
Speaker 1: they go on and off at the same time, like
Speaker 1: gosh darn string lights. Which actually, when I mentioned string lights,
Speaker 1: the researchers used some string lights to try to imitate
Speaker 1: the firefly blinking to be able to study the response
Speaker 1: of other fireflis. So that is really funny. Just so
Speaker 1: they were like research. They were like, we need an
Speaker 1: artificial version of this group of fireflies. Get the box
Speaker 1: labeled Christmas out of the attic and exactly exactly, dust
Speaker 1: and off the Christmas lights. So is it Christmas yet, Daddy? Nope,
Speaker 1: researching fireflies. So you know, it's hot out right, sun
Speaker 1: like come on, so right now. Planned gatherings to see
Speaker 1: the firefly light shows have been canceled due to COVID,
Speaker 1: but this has given researchers an opportunity to study the
Speaker 1: fireflies with lower levels of light pollution and commotion. And actually, Alex,
Speaker 1: there's research going on in South Carolina right now studying
Speaker 1: these fireflies. Yeah. Research, not shows I can go see,
Speaker 1: huh because I would drive down it sounds good. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I think those are closed unfortunately, but hey, in the
Speaker 1: future there are shows you can go see. Yeah, I mean,
Speaker 1: I'm it seems like like animal communication is when they
Speaker 1: jump out to us the most, like with the bird
Speaker 1: songs or with this these fireflies doing lights to tell
Speaker 1: each other stuff like it sounds like we're most interested
Speaker 1: in animals when they're chatting like this. So that's good.
Speaker 1: Keep keep talking about animals want to go. Maybe fireflies
Speaker 1: are using some kind of Morse code and we could
Speaker 1: decode it and become friends with the fireflies. That's all
Speaker 1: I'm saying. I have. I've been watching a lot of
Speaker 1: the Office, and when you said they synchronized their blinking,
Speaker 1: I thought of the office cold Open where Jim and
Speaker 1: Pam taught each other Morse code to mess with DWIGHTE.
Speaker 1: And they just blinked their eyes and Morse code of
Speaker 1: each other at their desks. Yeah, much like the fireflies.
Speaker 1: They were using it in their mating. Rich you old
Speaker 1: Jim that we had to watch over the course of
Speaker 1: I don't know, ten freaking seasons, goddamn it. So even
Speaker 1: though researchers aren't exactly sure how they're synchronizing exactly, they
Speaker 1: think that the fireflies have some kind of internal clock
Speaker 1: or stop watch that they are synchronizing with other fireflies.
Speaker 1: So basically, they start to sync with the fireflies near them,
Speaker 1: who sink with other fireflies, and there setting these these
Speaker 1: internal clocks to start like I blink now and then
Speaker 1: this X amount of time, which maybe they're calibrating based
Speaker 1: on the behavior of other fireflies. So it seems like
Speaker 1: there's some really incredibly complex math going on inside these
Speaker 1: little fireflies as they're sinking up, which is why it's
Speaker 1: so fascinating to researchers. But it doesn't amuse me thinking
Speaker 1: about all these dozens and dozens of fireflies all trying
Speaker 1: to synchronize, and how frustrating that might be as a podcaster.
Speaker 1: I know how that is, trying to synchronize our our
Speaker 1: zoom meeting. But all these fireflies with little internal stopwatches
Speaker 1: going like okay ready, no, no, no, no no, Jim,
Speaker 1: Jim now go now now God built stop hey, okay,
Speaker 1: everyone just stop. Don't stop? Everyone stopped? Right? Okay? Ready?
Speaker 1: Oh my god? Kevin? No? Yeah? That well? Also, I
Speaker 1: were you ever in marching band? This whole thing sounds
Speaker 1: like marching practice to me. I played the French horn
Speaker 1: in marching band, so but like, right, you didn't care, No,
Speaker 1: I carried a French horn. That sounds hard, ye, yes
Speaker 1: it was. It was horrible. Yeah, I played trumpet. We
Speaker 1: were kind of designed for it. It was like Marshall,
Speaker 1: you know, yeah, yeah, no, French horn is not really
Speaker 1: designed for marching. And it was super annoying and I
Speaker 1: just kept getting condensed spit all over my hand because
Speaker 1: I have you with the french horn. You have to
Speaker 1: shove your hand up the horn and shape your palm
Speaker 1: to shape the sound as it comes out. But then
Speaker 1: all of this condensation gets all over your hand as
Speaker 1: you're marching, and it's really heavy and awkward. And I
Speaker 1: was this really tiny kid, so basically a stiff wind
Speaker 1: could have knocked me over in my French horn to
Speaker 1: the ground. And it was yeah, it was trying to
Speaker 1: do that and synchronize everything. It was the worst experience ever.
Speaker 1: Now it was not that bad, but it was pretty bad.
Speaker 1: Must have been hilarious for people watching, just this this
Speaker 1: tiny like imp of a person trying to carry this
Speaker 1: french horn and stumbling and tripping and face going red
Speaker 1: as I try to get a note out. Yeah, pretty great.
Speaker 1: I hope those words were being spoken in the crowd,
Speaker 1: like look at that imp, Look at the imp down there.
Speaker 1: It's look at that amp with that weird confused tangled
Speaker 1: up horn. So in terms of communicating language, sometimes so
Speaker 1: so some animals go through a process of learning where
Speaker 1: their parents actually teach them, and we're going to get
Speaker 1: into that a little bit more with our next section,
Speaker 1: but right now I want to talk about the ways
Speaker 1: that whales communicate and how they're young seem to just
Speaker 1: kind of osmos this, which is similar to how human
Speaker 1: children learn language. Obviously we do teach them, and we
Speaker 1: try to teach them how to read and write and speak,
Speaker 1: but really children do a lot of learning just by
Speaker 1: taking it in and osmos thing this information, which I
Speaker 1: think is really fascinating. So, sperm whales, which are the
Speaker 1: bus sized mammals that roam the world's oceans, have complex
Speaker 1: clicks that are used to communicate with each other. And
Speaker 1: what's interesting is each family and regional group has their
Speaker 1: own specific dialect of cliques. So it's a sequence of
Speaker 1: clicks that is unique to their group, and it shows
Speaker 1: that whale communication is in essence cultural. They learn from
Speaker 1: their group, they learn from the group of whales that
Speaker 1: they socialize with, and they each have their own twang
Speaker 1: on it, which I think is fascinating. Yeah, very into it.
Speaker 1: Yeah you got some whales. It's gonna howdy, it's me
Speaker 1: almost sperm whale. Know when you laugh at my name,
Speaker 1: it's scientific, it's scientific lack. So whale calves will naturally
Speaker 1: pick up on this unique lingo from their mothers and
Speaker 1: their elders, and when they grow up they'll have that
Speaker 1: unique dialect as well. So again and little baby whales
Speaker 1: had a neighbor having their their own twing on on
Speaker 1: whale clicks. So this language can be used by sperm
Speaker 1: whales to communicate information, such as when a calf is
Speaker 1: in peril, or when it's time for the group to
Speaker 1: hang out together socialize. Pound back some tea, pound go
Speaker 1: watch watch some dolphins as they as they go shelling,
Speaker 1: and and comment on it. King like now, on my day,
Speaker 1: we never had dolphins doing this shelling or whatever. I
Speaker 1: don't know why I imagine all all all sperm whales
Speaker 1: as having a Southern accent, But now that I do,
Speaker 1: it's completely stuck and I can't imagine it another way. Yeah,
Speaker 1: well I don't. I don't you pick the excent for fun.
Speaker 1: But I was hoping it was a thing where you
Speaker 1: like like that Canadian bird researcher said, well, oh, well,
Speaker 1: they're all saying Canada, like I hope it's a Southern
Speaker 1: whale researcher who's like, you know, the whales have many
Speaker 1: ways of saying y'all or or going to bow j
Speaker 1: Angles specifically for chicken, or you know, yeah, yeah, exactly.
Speaker 1: California researchers just all they can see is whales saying
Speaker 1: dude all the time. It's it's got forty seven ways
Speaker 1: of saying doe. Yeah. This whale group's dialect knows the
Speaker 1: in and out secret menu and refers to highways as
Speaker 1: the five instead of I five. And so you can
Speaker 1: play some of these clicking sounds of sperm whales, which
Speaker 1: is it kind of sounds a little bit like underwater
Speaker 1: popcorn to me. But oh wow, it's a lot more
Speaker 1: rapid than I expected. M hmm. Yeah, because when you
Speaker 1: think of whale song, you think of the the sort
Speaker 1: of like oh, but yeah, the sperm whales use clicking,
Speaker 1: which is that rapid kind of like like nick and they Again,
Speaker 1: it's hard for it's really funny to me to think
Speaker 1: about how that has an accent or has a dialect,
Speaker 1: and how like, how do you distinguish the dialects with
Speaker 1: with these clicking sounds. But it is interesting. It really
Speaker 1: does kind of decontextualize the idea of having a dialect
Speaker 1: where it is it's just it's just a pattern of sounds.
Speaker 1: And so if it's a pattern of clicks to these whales,
Speaker 1: they're meeting other whales and they're they're picking up on Wow,
Speaker 1: this is a completely different dialect from mine. Yeah, because
Speaker 1: also it's I feel like it's like those little rapid
Speaker 1: clicks and then also like a stepping on an old
Speaker 1: stare kind of quick, you know, like a weird squeezing sound.
Speaker 1: I didn't say it right at all, but I don't
Speaker 1: speak whale, but but but it's very interesting. Yeah, I
Speaker 1: guess I could see the creek, especially having some kind
Speaker 1: of accent on it where you like, you hear it
Speaker 1: from another whale and you're like, what are you French?
Speaker 1: You know or something? You know whatever? The lake like
Speaker 1: click click click. Human language is by far the most
Speaker 1: complex form of communication on Earth. One of the theories
Speaker 1: as to why humans are so uniquely good at communications,
Speaker 1: surpassing our close cousins, the Neanderthals, is that we're capable
Speaker 1: of nesting concepts and cultural constructions. Our language in the
Speaker 1: way our brains work allow for a concept to be
Speaker 1: housed inside a convenient container to be easily accessed and
Speaker 1: used in a larger concept. For instance, the word orange
Speaker 1: is a container for a whole bunch of different ideas
Speaker 1: such as orange, the fruit, orange, the color orange, the flavor.
Speaker 1: And there are all sorts of variations on each of
Speaker 1: these things. But we can collapse all of these ideas
Speaker 1: into a single word orange, and then we can nest
Speaker 1: that word inside another word, like a barrel of oranges,
Speaker 1: or orange juice or orange. You glad I didn't say banana.
Speaker 1: I'm sorry you walked right into that one. When we return,
Speaker 1: we're going to talk a bit about how some animal
Speaker 1: memes spread mainly through parental supervision. That's pretty cool. Parents,
Speaker 1: Have you taught your children any memes lately? You probably
Speaker 1: have without knowing it. The original definition of meme is
Speaker 1: just a behavior, idea, or style that is transferred from
Speaker 1: one person to the other through imitation, and kids first
Speaker 1: start to learn by imitating their parents. So, parents, I
Speaker 1: hate to break it to you, but your kids are
Speaker 1: learning all of your personal memes, whether it's the way
Speaker 1: you like to brush your teeth, the way you talk,
Speaker 1: or those stale Star Wars prequel memes you love so much.
Speaker 1: So now I want to talk about how young animals
Speaker 1: learn information. So, Alex, would you like to read this
Speaker 1: headline from mere cap Monthly. Yes, of course, let me
Speaker 1: just open my copy. Flip flip, flip, flip flip. Mere
Speaker 1: Cats have been found to take hits of a substance
Speaker 1: known as scorpion. Experts say that scorpion is the street
Speaker 1: name for dead scorpions, and mere cats are teaching their
Speaker 1: own children to get their sick kicks from this dangerous high.
Speaker 1: So mere cats are a small mongoose found in southern Africa.
Speaker 1: You know, they're tamons, A bunch of little tamons running
Speaker 1: around in scorpions. I wish Toman was like the baby
Speaker 1: mere cat in this picture that I'm looking at. Let's
Speaker 1: just savagely destroying a scorpion. I have shown Alex a
Speaker 1: picture of an adorable baby mere cat tearing a scorpion too,
Speaker 1: shreds in a way that makes you feel sorry for
Speaker 1: the scorpion. So mere cats are highly social animals who
Speaker 1: live in communal colonies. They're actually you social, so you
Speaker 1: social reality is the thing that is more commonly associated
Speaker 1: with bees and ants and also naked mole rats, but basically,
Speaker 1: youth sociality is a type of social structure marked by
Speaker 1: cooperative care of young, overlapping generations within the colony, and
Speaker 1: division of labor such as a division of reproductive and
Speaker 1: non reproductive members. Often you'll have a queen or dominant
Speaker 1: members that basically rule over the other subjects in this
Speaker 1: use social group. So you social mammals are actually quite
Speaker 1: interesting and they're very different from you social insects. So
Speaker 1: youse social insects have this complex genetic reproductive organization that
Speaker 1: actually makes it makes sense for why they're you social.
Speaker 1: So insects like bees and ants are actually haploid diploid,
Speaker 1: which is a term meaning that the females are deployed,
Speaker 1: meaning that they have gam meets from their mother and
Speaker 1: their father, and males are haploid, meaning that they only
Speaker 1: have gammets from their mother. So when you think about
Speaker 1: you know, you, you think about chromosomes getting you get
Speaker 1: one As humans, we get one set from our mother,
Speaker 1: we get one set from our father, and so with
Speaker 1: these insects, they actually get if you're female, you get
Speaker 1: two sets from your mother and one set from your father.
Speaker 1: If your male, you only get your chromosomes from your mother. So,
Speaker 1: sisters and these colonies and all worker ants worker bees
Speaker 1: are all sisters. They're all female, are actually three four
Speaker 1: related to each other, unlike human or mammalian siblings that
Speaker 1: are only half related to each other. And they're actually
Speaker 1: more related to their sisters than they are to their
Speaker 1: own offspring. So what this means is that by having
Speaker 1: these you social behaviors where they help the colonies survive,
Speaker 1: copies of that gene that is responsible for making them
Speaker 1: you social is more likely to be passed on when
Speaker 1: they are all working together. Does that make sense? I
Speaker 1: think so? Yeah? I always, I always. I've always just
Speaker 1: kind of thought of insects as uh like like when
Speaker 1: I say think of insects and mostly thinking of watching
Speaker 1: animated films involved againsects like a Bug's life and aunts
Speaker 1: with a Z and B movie movie, but all those movies,
Speaker 1: it's always like, oh, a regular aunt or B who
Speaker 1: wants to rise in society, and as virum always like nope,
Speaker 1: like only some of you have all the genes and
Speaker 1: some of you don't, and it's just like fundamental to
Speaker 1: your weird insects species and it's not like mammal life
Speaker 1: at all. First of all, I'm always frustrated with insect
Speaker 1: based movies because they rarely depict it realistically where most
Speaker 1: of actually all of the workers are females and the males. Basically,
Speaker 1: the male's jobs are to live, be fed, and then
Speaker 1: go and reproduce, which is a pretty cushy life when
Speaker 1: you think about it. But yeah, flick in a bug's life.
Speaker 1: But yeah, that they would not be males, they would
Speaker 1: be females, and so essentially they get so they're more
Speaker 1: related to their sisters, and so that is why it
Speaker 1: makes more sense for them to be you social, and
Speaker 1: give up that that freedom of having their own offspring,
Speaker 1: which they can still technically do. They can have a
Speaker 1: male offspring by having an unfertilized offspring, but then they're
Speaker 1: really only half related or they really only share some
Speaker 1: of their jeans with that offspring, and then they share
Speaker 1: more genes with their sisters, and so it's it just
Speaker 1: isn't very advantageous for the genes to be passed on
Speaker 1: if all of these ants or bees are trying to
Speaker 1: reproduce on their own rather than follow the use social structure.
Speaker 1: So mammals are diploid, meaning you get it's half and
Speaker 1: half with the mother and father, and so with mere cats,
Speaker 1: they don't have this thing where they're more related to
Speaker 1: their sisters than they are to their own offspring. So
Speaker 1: how does being used social make any sense? So the
Speaker 1: reproductive group are basically just bullies, so mere cats will
Speaker 1: bully their way to the top in terms of reproduction.
Speaker 1: And the reason that this system works for mere cats
Speaker 1: is that the environment they live in is such this niche,
Speaker 1: harsh environment that by having this really tighten knit social
Speaker 1: group that all help each other, it makes them more
Speaker 1: likely to survive. Even though some of them are just
Speaker 1: bullying their way to the top and becoming the ones
Speaker 1: that reproduce, and some of them lose out, but it actually,
Speaker 1: in totality makes it more likely that these mere cats
Speaker 1: are going to survive. So the the genes that code
Speaker 1: for these these youth social behaviors actually do survive because
Speaker 1: these groups of you social mere cats are more likely
Speaker 1: to survive. Of course, there's there's a lot of debate
Speaker 1: on how exactly this works, but that's that's one theory,
Speaker 1: and that's sort of a general theory of it and also, uh,
Speaker 1: the it's not entirely use social because the there are
Speaker 1: definitely cheaters in the system. So the mere cats that
Speaker 1: are not dominant will try to sneakily mate, and they
Speaker 1: they will. There's all sorts of shenanigans that go on
Speaker 1: with these mere cats, like the the subordinate females will
Speaker 1: will have affairs and try to sneakly made or sneak
Speaker 1: off and start their own colony or go mate with
Speaker 1: another colony. They will sometimes murder each other's offspring. There's
Speaker 1: just all sorts of of entrigue with these these mere cats,
Speaker 1: which is why I think they mere cats had their
Speaker 1: own soap opera. Basically, it was a documentary series called
Speaker 1: mere Cat Manner, and it was basically a mere cat
Speaker 1: soap opera. But they are extremely extremely drama driven animals,
Speaker 1: so that's a little rundown on how mere cat society works.
Speaker 1: But when we're not talking about you know, murder and
Speaker 1: and and uh murder and deception, they are actually pretty
Speaker 1: adorable in terms of how they work together. So they
Speaker 1: cooperatively raise their offspring. They all have each other's back
Speaker 1: in terms of protecting the colony from predators and the
Speaker 1: adult mere cats will teach their young how to eat scorpions,
Speaker 1: one of their favorite food, and they will bring babies
Speaker 1: dead scorpions to learn how to d sting and eat them.
Speaker 1: So it is it looks horrifying where you have this
Speaker 1: adult take this big dead scorpion and drop it in
Speaker 1: this little baby, cute baby merecat's lap and be like,
Speaker 1: here's a present. It's a dead scorpion. But then they
Speaker 1: learn how to eat them. So for really young mere
Speaker 1: cat pups, the adults are really soft on them. They
Speaker 1: bring them scorpions that have already been d stingred, so
Speaker 1: they ripped the stinger off so that they're not getting
Speaker 1: that those nasty stings from it. And once the pups
Speaker 1: get a little bit older, the adults will be like, okay,
Speaker 1: we're done coddling you. Here's just a whole as scorpion.
Speaker 1: Figure it out. But that's to teach them how to
Speaker 1: survive once they're adults. How how do you deal with
Speaker 1: this scorpion and get rid of the bad parts and
Speaker 1: only get the nice, juicy, delicious parts of the scorpion? Right?
Speaker 1: You've You've had your scorpion lessons, Now get to it.
Speaker 1: I'm not I'm not paying for any more scorpion lessons. Okay,
Speaker 1: you're just moving the scorpion around on your plate. I
Speaker 1: see what you're doing. Eat your whole scorpion, or you
Speaker 1: get no dessert of more scorpion. There's also I'm glad,
Speaker 1: I'm glad your headline at the top or like or
Speaker 1: like news story at the top had like just the
Speaker 1: word scorpion. I don't know. It's very fun in every context.
Speaker 1: Every time scorpions as a as a drug name or
Speaker 1: just a funny animal to be eating, or Ryan Goslings
Speaker 1: jacket in that one driving movie. I don't know, they're
Speaker 1: just they're just funny. It's also my zodiac sign. That's right,
Speaker 1: I'm a scorpio. I always thought that was so lame.
Speaker 1: When I was a little kid. I wanted something cool,
Speaker 1: like Libra or one of the cute ones like Leo.
Speaker 1: I want to be a line. But no, I'm a
Speaker 1: gross scorpion. No, I think it's cool. I was about
Speaker 1: to say, you got the scorpion one. Whoa. I just
Speaker 1: thought it was a weird. I thought it was just
Speaker 1: a weird gross insect, And now I know better. It's
Speaker 1: actually an Arthur pod. But it's still weird and gross. Yeah,
Speaker 1: it's just all like segments and pointy stuff like it's
Speaker 1: it's characterisly aggressive, much like my personality. The zodiac called
Speaker 1: it again, Well, don't get eaten by mere cats. I
Speaker 1: guess that's true. That's true. They're always they're always looking
Speaker 1: at me, ripping off my stinger with their eyes. I
Speaker 1: see what you're up to, mer cats. So so now
Speaker 1: I want to talk about another animal that teaches its
Speaker 1: young in a really really intelligent way, in a really
Speaker 1: fascinating way. How they pass on this information from generation
Speaker 1: to generation. Well that was that rhymed? Sounds like I'm
Speaker 1: got a good, good learning song going on. Having these
Speaker 1: are ringing tans pass on information from generation to generation.
Speaker 1: It's like the magic school bus for orangatans. I love it. So.
Speaker 1: Orangutans are big orange apes found in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Speaker 1: They are, in my opinion, extremely cute. They're those big, big,
Speaker 1: goal hairy redheads. I I relate as a red to orangutans.
Speaker 1: So they are highly intelligent. They use tools and like
Speaker 1: we're talking about earlier Alex, different groups of orangutans seem
Speaker 1: to have their own culture. When it comes to habits
Speaker 1: and tool use these nuances and how they use tools,
Speaker 1: how they it differs from group to group, and it
Speaker 1: makes sense because they're highly social. They learn a lot
Speaker 1: from each other and from their their mothers. So you
Speaker 1: have different basically different orangutan culture, which is really interesting.
Speaker 1: That's awesome. Yeah, and I love it. Used to be
Speaker 1: a zoo tour guide. I don't know if everybody knows
Speaker 1: that about me, but when I was, like, I do now.
Speaker 1: I learned about that on your Bison podcast. Uh, And
Speaker 1: I like when I was on the clock, I was
Speaker 1: on a tram, so I would mostly see the outdoor
Speaker 1: exhibits of large animals, and then whenever I had like
Speaker 1: time off, I would go look at the primates indoors
Speaker 1: because it's just like very fun to watch them socialize.
Speaker 1: Mainly the guerrillas because they, to me, had faces that
Speaker 1: would do human things a lot, but the orangutans as well.
Speaker 1: It was it was a lot of like hanging out
Speaker 1: in a way I found relatable. Yeah, whenever I go
Speaker 1: to U zoo or wildlife area and I make eye
Speaker 1: contact with a primate, I want to cry. It's like uh,
Speaker 1: and they glance at me, and I feel as if
Speaker 1: I have now connected to all of nature, which is
Speaker 1: kind of silly, but yeah, I want a Whenever I
Speaker 1: go to the San Diego Zoo and a gorilla just
Speaker 1: glances at me, I feel like the most special girl
Speaker 1: in the world. Yeah it's cool. Yeah, but yeah, so
Speaker 1: it it is. It does give me chills. How intelligent
Speaker 1: these animals are. So one of the orangutans more interesting
Speaker 1: behaviors is their nest building. So to keep themselves safe
Speaker 1: and sheltered, orangutans build nests in tree tops like they
Speaker 1: think they're birds or something. So they build these nests
Speaker 1: out of foliage, branches and vegetation. And you can't imagine
Speaker 1: it's a bit tricky to build a nest big enough
Speaker 1: and strong enough for an orangutan to sleep peacefully in
Speaker 1: a tree top. You think about tree tops, you don't
Speaker 1: think about a huge orangutan just snoozing up there. So
Speaker 1: they actually have to have some construction know how, and
Speaker 1: young orangutans must learn from their mothers how to become
Speaker 1: nest engineers. So nest building for orangutans goes beyond just
Speaker 1: piling a bunch of leaves together in a tree they
Speaker 1: create a woven foundation by bending live tree branches and
Speaker 1: in order to create a support for the nest. And
Speaker 1: then they will weave a mattress out of smaller branches
Speaker 1: and this creates a strong base for them to sleep in.
Speaker 1: Once they've done all of that, they can get kind
Speaker 1: of fancy with it. Sometimes they'll create a blanket out
Speaker 1: of leafy branches or pillows made out of piles of vegetation.
Speaker 1: They can get as fancy as they want with it.
Speaker 1: You know, just a recliner. They press a little a
Speaker 1: little button made out of twigs, and the bed goes
Speaker 1: up and down, you know how it is. I mean,
Speaker 1: I have seen house hunter type shows once in a while,
Speaker 1: So I'm just imagining one orangutan telling another orangutan it's
Speaker 1: vision and it's budget, you know, and then going from there,
Speaker 1: My new sleep number branch nest allows me to sleep
Speaker 1: on one side, whereas my my other orang a tan
Speaker 1: likes to sleep with more firmness. Imagining orangutan mattress sales
Speaker 1: people going around or sales orangutan's going around trying to
Speaker 1: trying to sell, like you'll get a bunch of zse
Speaker 1: on this baby, and they pat it and it falls
Speaker 1: out of the tree. It's supposed to do that. Yeah,
Speaker 1: they are just large, like it has to it have to.
Speaker 1: You'd have to pick a really salad branch and then
Speaker 1: do a lot of really impressive building to hold up
Speaker 1: an orangutan in a handmade nest made out of just
Speaker 1: what they can grab. That's amazing, exactly. Yeah, So it
Speaker 1: there's a lot of thought that's put into it, and
Speaker 1: they actually have to learn it from their mothers. They
Speaker 1: watch them do what they start to participate when they're
Speaker 1: very young, because you have to build up this skill otherwise,
Speaker 1: if you create a shoddy nest, you're gonna fall out
Speaker 1: of the tree and that's not good. So also they
Speaker 1: do it all the time, so they typically construct new
Speaker 1: nests almost every day, and so you have to not
Speaker 1: only know how to do it in a way that
Speaker 1: makes it secure and stable, but also relatively quickly because
Speaker 1: you're doing this every day, and it's it's really it
Speaker 1: takes I think it. It's kind of it's not maybe
Speaker 1: apparent when you first think about it, how much intelligence
Speaker 1: that takes. But when you really think about, well, could
Speaker 1: I just build a nest that would support my body weight?
Speaker 1: In a tree every day. It's hard. It would be
Speaker 1: hard to do. I mean, obviously as humans we are
Speaker 1: quite good at construction, but just figuring that out when
Speaker 1: you're in the middle of a forest and you don't
Speaker 1: have any bricks or galvanized nails or whatever. People using construction,
Speaker 1: I know how to construct things, you know, two by
Speaker 1: fours to create a sturdy nest out of just what
Speaker 1: you find. It's very incredible. Yea, and yeah, I have
Speaker 1: nothing else to like. It rains a lot where they live,
Speaker 1: so like you're you're constantly That's probably part of why
Speaker 1: they have to keep redoing it. Like there's rain all
Speaker 1: the time, and you know it's it's it sounds like
Speaker 1: just a horrible process. I don't want to be an
Speaker 1: orangutan now I changed my mind. They will. They'll also
Speaker 1: create sort of impromptu umbrellas out of leaves and leafy
Speaker 1: branches and hold it up over their heads. And that's
Speaker 1: another thing that the babies learn how to do. It's
Speaker 1: really cute. We like like a like a running around
Speaker 1: New York City guy with a newspaper when it's suddenly raining,
Speaker 1: like a copy of the Orangutan Tribune. I've had to
Speaker 1: come up with how many fake animal news publications this episode?
Speaker 1: And now I'm subscribed to all of them and I
Speaker 1: can't cancel. No, looks like you've subscribed to rat Facts.
Speaker 1: Do you want to unsubscribe? And you press unsubscribe, you've
Speaker 1: been subscribed to double rat facts. Speaking of rat facts,
Speaker 1: here's some So fetal rats actually start learning before they're
Speaker 1: even born, which is really really interesting. So there have
Speaker 1: been studies on rats in utero that shows that they
Speaker 1: can learn about food and smell before they've been born.
Speaker 1: So fetal rats can detect odor particles from their mother's
Speaker 1: food that they absorb through the placenta, and when the
Speaker 1: rats are born, they actually show a positive response to
Speaker 1: these foods. So they're learning from their mothers what food
Speaker 1: she prefers and so to aid in their survival. They
Speaker 1: also prefer those foods because it's it's teaching them basically, Hey,
Speaker 1: pizza is great, go and eat it. I feel if
Speaker 1: pizza rat would probably be really if Pizza Rat was pregnant,
Speaker 1: she'd be super judged, like, oh, you're teaching your baby
Speaker 1: that pizza is a healthy food. But you know, all
Speaker 1: the all the judgments that are put on new rat mothers.
Speaker 1: I think it's really unfair personally, I really like the
Speaker 1: idea of a pickie high status rat, like I only
Speaker 1: have water from medium gross puddles and stuff like really
Speaker 1: really good. I only eat half rotten tomatoes for my baby,
Speaker 1: like a rattitui rattitui rat just going around trying to
Speaker 1: convinced rat mothers to eat fancy French food. Yeah. I
Speaker 1: guess this does add to the lore of Ratatui, right,
Speaker 1: because we don't know who Remy's mother is the rat
Speaker 1: and Rattatui. We don't know what happened to his mother,
Speaker 1: and so his mother must have eaten fancy food, which
Speaker 1: made little Remy like fancy food, And so that whole
Speaker 1: dynamic with his father and his brother makes it even deeper.
Speaker 1: You see how biology makes it more fun to watch
Speaker 1: picks our movie kids. That's like, that's legitimately a pretty
Speaker 1: good pitch for Rattitui two. Like the start of the movie,
Speaker 1: he finds out that for generations his his ancestors have
Speaker 1: been with restaurants and chefs and stuff. I'm pretty into it.
Speaker 1: Rattatui to Rata two, Oh of course, yep, that's the
Speaker 1: correct title, Alice, Yeah, I'll accept my praise now, thank you.
Speaker 1: I'll accept my job at PISAR now, thank you. Also,
Speaker 1: researchers have also shown that fetal rats can be taught
Speaker 1: next of reactions to foods as well. So there was this.
Speaker 1: If you actually look into the study, it's pretty crazy
Speaker 1: because researchers took these twenty day old fetal rats out
Speaker 1: of the mother and they would describe it things like, oh,
Speaker 1: we put these rats on somewhat these these basically orbs
Speaker 1: of fetal rats covered in this amniotic sack, on these
Speaker 1: moist paper towels to keep them point and safe. But yeah,
Speaker 1: they took them out there, just these these orbs with
Speaker 1: developing rats in pretty pretty I guess sort of matrix
Speaker 1: matrix esque the rat matrix. But they injected them with
Speaker 1: a food stimulus, which was apple juice. So they took
Speaker 1: these very fine needles, injected the amniotic sack with apple
Speaker 1: juice and then with and they it was lithium chloride,
Speaker 1: which is an unpleasant salt that the fetus doesn't I
Speaker 1: guess fetuses don't like lithium chloride. I don't know that
Speaker 1: much of chemistry. But after so basically they were training
Speaker 1: these rats that after apple juice comes this unpleasant stimulus.
Speaker 1: And when the rats were born, they showed an aversion
Speaker 1: to apple juice, which just seems kind of cruel, you know,
Speaker 1: to offer these baby rats to juice box and you've
Speaker 1: given them this trauma from when they were fetal fetal rats,
Speaker 1: Like you want this juice box and the baby ros No,
Speaker 1: excuse me, I remember, I remember from before I was born. Yeah,
Speaker 1: it might I don't know, I don't even know if
Speaker 1: it's a taste thing. It might be. This reminds me
Speaker 1: of when I was like a matrix person, like being
Speaker 1: dragged into a gooey machine world. Like I would not
Speaker 1: want to have foods from that time, even if they're
Speaker 1: great with the advanced technology of moist paper towels. Yeah yeah,
Speaker 1: but yeah. So basically what I'm trying to say is
Speaker 1: we could be delivering memes to fetuses in the womb
Speaker 1: if we play our cards, right. Yeah, well we gotta
Speaker 1: you know, American children are falling behind the rats, you know,
Speaker 1: and so if we can teach them about impact font
Speaker 1: and hard luck or old and what are some money
Speaker 1: people who are pregnant right now, you need to work
Speaker 1: harder at introducing memes to your unborn child. Yeah. Did
Speaker 1: you know if you hold a meme up to a
Speaker 1: pregnant belly, the fetus actually absorbs the dank meme. Oh man,
Speaker 1: I've never felt older doing an episode, more ancient and
Speaker 1: out of it because our memes are old, is that it? Ah? Yes, yes,
Speaker 1: stale memes, I think so. But when this comes out
Speaker 1: in a week, means will be over they we won't
Speaker 1: have memes anymore. In a week, this will seem very dated. Well, Alex,
Speaker 1: thank you so much for going on this learning journey
Speaker 1: with me into the world of dank animal memes. Do
Speaker 1: you have any memes of your own? To bug? I
Speaker 1: just hold up like an advice wolf for whatever it was.
Speaker 1: That's my book, um, Alex Alex Memes dot Geo Cities. No.
Speaker 1: I it's been great being here. I'm between podcasts right now,
Speaker 1: but starting something soon. If you go to tiny letter
Speaker 1: dot com slash Alex smitty Next Show, or you can
Speaker 1: find that on my social media at Alex Remitty on Twitter,
Speaker 1: you'll get a little email newsletter one time when I
Speaker 1: have something new to share. That'll be very exciting. And
Speaker 1: also and and I have a podcast mini series out now.
Speaker 1: At Bison Emoji podcast dot com about creating the Bison
Speaker 1: emoji and it features great guests like Katie Golden, So
Speaker 1: check that out. Who is she? Uh yeah, Definitely subscribe
Speaker 1: to the Alex tri Weekly news letter. I think it's
Speaker 1: a great read. I don't know if it's tri weekly
Speaker 1: or not. I just like saying that, but because I
Speaker 1: have to, I have one email newsletter that I've been
Speaker 1: doing for a long time that's just free, fun internet
Speaker 1: stuff that I like the ship. But then there's also
Speaker 1: like a one off newsletter alex Modi Next Show that
Speaker 1: will just give you, like an update when I have
Speaker 1: a new podcast on. Subscribe to The Alex Enquired, the
Speaker 1: Alex Tribune, the Alex the the the Alexidvaminer. There's so
Speaker 1: many Alex based publications that one can subscribe to. Subscribe
Speaker 1: to them all right by rat Ketis Publication by hire
Speaker 1: Fly Publication, Orangutan Song It stream on SoundCloud. You get
Speaker 1: it rap rap Feta is fair magazine to keep up
Speaker 1: on all the rat Petis news. So if you want
Speaker 1: to keep up with the Creature Feature news, you can
Speaker 1: subscribe to Creature Feature Pod on Instagram, Creature Feet Pod
Speaker 1: on Twitter, that's f e a T, not f et.
Speaker 1: That's something very different. And to keep up with the
Speaker 1: Katie Times, you can follow me on Twitter at Katie
Speaker 1: Cole and where I just talk about it's basically Katie opinions,
Speaker 1: so you know my opinions on stuff. It's not necessarily
Speaker 1: really into the show. But if you're curious about on
Speaker 1: all of my basically unasked for opinions on other stuff,
Speaker 1: that's where you go. Also jokes, also fun jokes, and memes,
Speaker 1: so many memes, and you also as always, perhaps the
Speaker 1: original meme in the world is pro bird rights, the
Speaker 1: first meme. Now I don't know that, but on pro
Speaker 1: bird Rights on Twitter dot com the website, I explain
Speaker 1: why birds are are basically the best animal and we
Speaker 1: should allow them to rule us on Earth. You know,
Speaker 1: just basic facts. Yeah, people listeners know that. The Audubon
Speaker 1: people officially said that Katie coined burb as like a
Speaker 1: meme about small birds. Right, like you're high ranking meme creator,
Speaker 1: you would be on the amount rushmore of it or
Speaker 1: a good good get it. They sent me a tin
Speaker 1: foot tall burb statue made cast out of solid bronze.
Speaker 1: It's in the center of my apartment, there's no space
Speaker 1: for a fridge anymore. I had to dump the fridge
Speaker 1: to make make room for my giant bourb bronze statue
Speaker 1: commemorating my burb meme that I coined. And since it's indoors,
Speaker 1: birds can't land on it, which is ironic. You know,
Speaker 1: it sucks for them, That's right, it is ironic. They
Speaker 1: look out from outside wistfully wishing they could poop on it.
Speaker 1: But you know, that's that's how the meme crumbs. That's
Speaker 1: how the meme crumbles. If you're enjoying this ridiculous show
Speaker 1: where I give you animal facts and and dad jokes
Speaker 1: and memes all all in one setting, just if you
Speaker 1: leave a review, subscribe, download all of those things, write
Speaker 1: a review. Especially, all of those things actually really help
Speaker 1: with the algorithms. So I really appreciate you guys listening,
Speaker 1: and if you want to want to press any of
Speaker 1: those podcasts related buttons, that would be so so much appreciated.
Speaker 1: And thanks to the space Colassics for their super awesome song.
Speaker 1: Ex Alumina Creature feature is a production of I Heart Radio.
Speaker 1: For more podcasts like the one you just heard, visit
Speaker 1: I Heart Radio app Apple podcasts, or hey guess what
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Speaker 1: next Wednesday,