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Speaker 1: From UFOs to psychic powers and government conspiracies. History is

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Speaker 1: riddled with unexplained events. You can turn back now or

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Speaker 1: learn this stuff they don't want you to know. A

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Speaker 1: production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 2: Hello, welcome back to the show. My name is Matt,

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Speaker 2: my name is Noah.

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Speaker 3: They call me Ben. We are joined as always with

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Speaker 3: our super producer Andrew dry Force Howard. Most importantly, you

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Speaker 3: are you. You are here. That makes this the stuff

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Speaker 3: they don't want you to know. Oh man, look, folks,

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Speaker 3: fellow conspiracy realist, fart all you want. If you're farting

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Speaker 3: right now, we can't hear it.

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Speaker 2: We can feel it, though, but if you've got your

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Speaker 2: phone in your pocket, somebody probably can't.

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Speaker 4: Yes the amazing videos.

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Speaker 5: Sometimes it's done with pets, sometimes with humans, where someone

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Speaker 5: will basically go up to a sleeping dog or a

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Speaker 5: sleeping person and put a microphone by their butt that's

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Speaker 5: connected to a speaker, and that's put the speaker right

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Speaker 5: by their head, and then when they farted, like wakes

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Speaker 5: them up with a start.

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Speaker 4: It's pretty funny.

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Speaker 3: I like the heat signature studies got really into farts

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Speaker 3: a few years ago. Sounds weird because of our job

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Speaker 3: and In the course of our strange careers, we learn

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Speaker 3: a lot of weird trivia.

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Speaker 2: Right, is that when we learned about how much money

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Speaker 2: that one lady was making jarring her farts, that's part

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Speaker 2: of it.

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Speaker 3: There's also the petomol, a flatchy list of note.

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Speaker 4: Not the same as a floutist. It's different different.

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Speaker 3: I still would wind.

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Speaker 4: That's true.

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Speaker 3: Wind. At least here's one of the weird facts we learned,

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Speaker 3: not a factoid, an actual true thing. The average person

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Speaker 3: farts seventeen to twenty three times a day. So if

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Speaker 3: you meet someone who says they don't fart, either they

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Speaker 3: are lying to themselves or to you.

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Speaker 5: And if you're a quality human being, you're writing it

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Speaker 5: down along with a note about its intensity and posting it.

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Speaker 2: We should get those clickers psychologists use where you just

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Speaker 2: click and then we can all check every for like

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Speaker 2: a week. Guys, I'm averaging twenty four. I'm a little nervous.

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Speaker 3: That's coming with relentless medical surveillance, and we don't know

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Speaker 3: what to do with this fact about how often the

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Speaker 3: average human farts. But now it haunts you as well,

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Speaker 3: So maybe you will get a clicker, maybe you will count,

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Speaker 3: maybe you will do that kind of relentless self examination.

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Speaker 3: Ben Franklin, did.

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Speaker 5: I have an idea they should make like an attachment

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Speaker 5: for your fitness tracker. I don't know, man, I'm not

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Speaker 5: the expert here. I'm just pitbo on the idea.

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Speaker 3: There's probably technology already nascent, if not emergent, that can

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Speaker 3: simply monitor flexes in your overall body. Sure to expel

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Speaker 3: wind so it doesn't have to be up the butt,

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Speaker 3: but that should be an option for the interesting consumer.

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Speaker 4: Absolutely so.

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Speaker 3: Tonight's episode is something we mentioned in a Strange News

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Speaker 3: segment years back. It's it's our cheeky exploration of well,

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Speaker 3: butts and guts.

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Speaker 5: Yeah, coconuts, yes, just so, fecal transplants, the future of poop.

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Speaker 3: We have an important announcement before we dive in. Fellow

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Speaker 3: conspiracy realist, none of this is medical advice, jere The

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Speaker 3: comment at the end, yeah, it was deafening.

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Speaker 2: Is that where there's gonna be a fart sound effect,

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Speaker 2: like right after you say none of this is medical advice?

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Speaker 3: Perfect? Perfect, I say, but I think it's fair we

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Speaker 3: could say, folks feel free to use all of our

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Speaker 3: crappy puns.

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Speaker 4: I won't to allow it.

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Speaker 3: Okay, Well tell.

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Speaker 4: When you send along your oad, do what thou wilt.

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Speaker 3: Everyone except for humor is Harry.

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Speaker 4: That guy's like war criminal.

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Speaker 3: Regular Kissinger. Here are the facts. Before we talk about

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Speaker 3: transplants at all, we got to ask a question that

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Speaker 3: gets asked in clubs around Atlanta often, what's up with them? Guts?

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Speaker 6: Oh?

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Speaker 4: I hate that?

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Speaker 3: God too, I do too. I don't co cite it,

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Speaker 3: but it is. It has proliferates.

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Speaker 4: It's aggressive to the extreme.

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Speaker 5: Yeah, but you know, you know what, I think it's

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Speaker 5: appropriate for our scientific and very high brow exploration of

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Speaker 5: these of these things.

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Speaker 4: But if that's a pickup line, get out of here.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, that's a flag so red that even someone like

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Speaker 3: me could see it, you know what I mean, that's

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Speaker 3: fire engine flag.

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Speaker 2: So, guys, one of the first things that I ever

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Speaker 2: learned at how stuff works, back when we were little

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Speaker 2: babies and we were just learning things and being excited,

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Speaker 2: was this concept that the human body is made up

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Speaker 2: of more microbes than it is made up of human cells.

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Speaker 2: It wasn't that. Wasn't that one of the things we

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Speaker 2: learned early on?

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Speaker 5: M Yeah, sure, I mean, it's just the concept of

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Speaker 5: like our bodies not only being a temple but also

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Speaker 5: being a teeming ecosystem of weird little bacterium.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, and it gives us a gives us a great

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Speaker 3: opportunity to thank our innerds, which we know sounds a

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Speaker 3: bit visceral literally, but you know, for most people, if

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Speaker 3: you're hail and hearty and in good health, you probably

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Speaker 3: don't think about your inner world too often, unless you

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Speaker 3: get a stomach ache or you're hungry, or you need

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Speaker 3: to use the washroom. But the entire time you're up top,

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Speaker 3: you the north pole of your body is ignoring that

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Speaker 3: lower inner soldier. Your gut is saving the day, and

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Speaker 3: the whole process is entirely bizarre.

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Speaker 2: Oh, it's super bizarre. It's gross too. It is really

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Speaker 2: gross to think about our insides. What is that thing?

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Speaker 2: It's the smell of death that people often describe has

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Speaker 2: mostly to do with the bacteria and stuff that's in

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Speaker 2: your guts after death when that stuff gets expelled or

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Speaker 2: you know, especially if someone's been in a war scenario

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Speaker 2: or something and their bodies have been opened, you know,

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Speaker 2: the cause of death includes that. That's the stuff that's

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Speaker 2: in there is just gross.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, gross, but functional, Yeah, gross but functional. I like that,

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Speaker 3: you know what I mean, like a Honda Odyssey. Speaking

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Speaker 3: with Speaking with Wired, Marissa Scavuzo, who was at the

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Speaker 3: time of researcher for Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, said, Look,

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Speaker 3: digestion is required for survival. We eat, the animals do

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Speaker 3: it every day. But also, if you really think about it,

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Speaker 3: it sounds for it. It sounds alien from the moment

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Speaker 3: you eat a snack, whatever you're eating now as you

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Speaker 3: hear this, to the second it leaves your body from

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Speaker 3: the North Pole to your Australia or your Antarctica. Your

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Speaker 3: gut is working around the clock, always on overtime, just

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Speaker 3: like how your heart beats, and you're never thinking about

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Speaker 3: how it breaks stuff down. It differentiates between the good

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Speaker 3: stuff and the bad stuff. It moves things through this

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Speaker 3: amazing Wonka esque factory of digestion right your mouth, your esophagus, stomach,

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Speaker 3: through the intestines, little family circus route.

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Speaker 5: The kidneys, filtering out all the bad stuff or as

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Speaker 5: much as possible. So I mean, like, sure, you can

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Speaker 5: live with one kidney, but I wouldn't exactly recommend it.

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Speaker 4: You can survive with.

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Speaker 2: One, yeah, Well, and then all that we were talking

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Speaker 2: about soldiers here, right, all the tiny little bits and

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Speaker 2: pieces the cells that actually do that differentiation, and then

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Speaker 2: carrying the good nutrients in through the lining of your

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Speaker 2: walls in your intestines that do that differentiation. That stuff

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Speaker 2: is I don't see how.

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Speaker 3: It's not magic, Yeah, because science is very good at

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Speaker 3: answering the how of a thing, but does it really

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Speaker 3: approach the why of the thing. We know how something

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Speaker 3: like oh, this is a painfully astute comparison or analogue.

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Speaker 3: Your gut has this entire network of things that sort

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Speaker 3: of legally migrate the good things, the nutrients, the good bacteria,

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Speaker 3: and then kind of function as customs or passport control

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Speaker 3: for the bad stuff that will kill you if you

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Speaker 3: don't poop it out.

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Speaker 2: Right, because the good bacteria is part of the stuff

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Speaker 2: that breaks down that food right as it's going through

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Speaker 2: your body, like especially towards the end, and the intestines well, yeah.

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Speaker 5: And consuming like probiotic stuff like yogurt and keifer and

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Speaker 5: all that.

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Speaker 4: It helps.

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Speaker 5: It helps kind of maintain that gut flora, you know,

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Speaker 5: so that you actually are able to properly break those

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Speaker 5: things down.

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Speaker 3: And this evolves a herculean amount of organization and coordination

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Speaker 3: across multiple cells types and tissues, muscle cells, immune cells,

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Speaker 3: blood cells, lymphatic vessels. The real heroes we'll see are

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Speaker 3: the nerve cells and the bacterial cells. I mean, when

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Speaker 3: you think of your gut, what you should think instead

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Speaker 3: of gross is the immediate two words one unappreciated, two mysterious.

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Speaker 5: I would largely disagree with unappreciated, but I guess maybe

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Speaker 5: at large, but I appreciate the heck out of my

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Speaker 5: gut and butts I have more than one of each. Apparently, Oh,

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Speaker 5: you also have a double brain. Most humans do. Kind

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Speaker 5: of see, That's what I was doing. I was setting

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Speaker 5: that up for you.

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Speaker 4: Man.

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Speaker 3: Nice nice with the segway. Yeah, this is startling. I

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Speaker 3: heard a great piece on NPR about this earlier when

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Speaker 3: I was on a road trip. If you're human, your

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Speaker 3: butt kind of has a second brain. It's not like

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Speaker 3: the old thing about remember the stuff about the stegosaurus,

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Speaker 3: how the stegosaurus was so large that it had to

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Speaker 3: have a second kind of nerve center at its lower back,

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Speaker 3: lower vertebrae.

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Speaker 4: Well, it's what we might call it like a low

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Speaker 4: five brain.

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Speaker 5: You know, doesn't doesn't doesn't have all the features it's

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Speaker 5: a little bit more kind of on off.

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Speaker 3: What's the what's the fancy name for this old double brain.

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Speaker 5: Well, the fancy name for it is the enteric nervous system,

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Speaker 5: which consists of sheathes of neurons that run through all

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Speaker 5: of your intestines pretty much from stem to sterner is

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Speaker 5: my favorite movie reviewers from YouTube say ruder to tutor,

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Speaker 5: it's called fish jelly. You guys should check them out there,

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Speaker 5: delightful AnyWho that that means from euro esophagus to your anus,

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Speaker 5: right right, And.

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Speaker 3: We call a second brain because although it's not contained

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Speaker 3: in one central location organ wise, we're talking about one

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Speaker 3: hundred million neurons. That's more than either in the spinal

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Speaker 3: cord or in the entirety of the peripheral nervous system.

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Speaker 6: That's a lot.

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Speaker 5: Yeah, but maybe it almost is more of just like

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Speaker 5: a a more robust kind of sensor. Like it's right,

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Speaker 5: it's more like, let's say, like a security system than

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Speaker 5: it is like a CPU.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, think of it as if we're looking at the

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Speaker 3: body as production. Think of it as your assistant director,

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Speaker 3: you know what I mean. It's got the goals, it's

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Speaker 3: got the stuff needs to do and the stuff it

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Speaker 3: needs to avoid. It's what enables the human body to

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Speaker 3: feel the inner world of the gut and all the

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Speaker 3: contents within. And again, it continually coordinates digestion, It controls

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Speaker 3: reflexes and senses on its own. You're up top, like

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Speaker 3: your quote quote brain. Brain doesn't need to take notes.

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Speaker 3: It's outsourced this to a wide world below the clavicle.

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Speaker 3: But no, there's something fascinating you raised. I love again

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Speaker 3: the term lo fi brain, because your second brain isn't

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Speaker 3: really like writing poetry.

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Speaker 5: For you exactly. Like it's more like a it's a

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Speaker 5: little less flexible. It kind of like has its programming,

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Speaker 5: kind of does it's one thing and then doesn't really

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Speaker 5: have to bob and weave too much.

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Speaker 2: It makes me think about how sometimes, well especially during pregnancy,

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Speaker 2: it's almost as if the body is telling you what

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Speaker 2: you need to eat, and then the cravings will occur.

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Speaker 2: So it's it's completely independent of your thought processes, right,

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Speaker 2: or if often people who need iron in their diet

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Speaker 2: because they're iron deficient will have this craving for something

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Speaker 2: that is rich in iron, and it does maybe wonder

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Speaker 2: if that's the system that's responding.

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Speaker 3: I would agree with that it absolutely is. It's almost

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Speaker 3: in some ways it's similar to the earlier discussions about

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Speaker 3: the bicameral mind. You have this whole other thing that

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Speaker 3: is has a lot in common with a brain, and

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Speaker 3: it is just providing cravings, determining intention or influencing action.

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Speaker 3: And it's not sending you, you know, a nice collegiate

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Speaker 3: email saying hey, checking in. It's b from you know,

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Speaker 3: your guts, and I have an opinion about what you

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Speaker 3: should eat right now instead some sunny afternoon, maybe maybe

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Speaker 3: you're carrying a child. You just go, I need pickles,

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Speaker 3: I need ice cream, and I need it now, or.

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Speaker 4: In my doctor pepper, doctor.

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Speaker 2: Pepper, exactly. And it could be a specific thing like

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Speaker 2: vinegar would be useful, right, or something fermented would be

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Speaker 2: useful or whatever, And it just happens to work out

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Speaker 2: that way. And you see something when you're grocery shopping,

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Speaker 2: you're like, I don't know why, but I need that

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Speaker 2: right now.

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Speaker 3: Michael Gershawan agrees with us. This is the chairman of

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Speaker 3: the Department of Anatomy and sell Biology at New York

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Speaker 3: Presbyterian Hospital slash Columbia University Medical Center. Just picture how

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Speaker 3: big that guy's business card has to get as the

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Speaker 3: title gets longer. Doctor Groshan says, the second brain doesn't

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Speaker 3: help with the great thought processes religion, philosophy, and poetry.

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Speaker 3: It's left to the brain in the head. But that

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Speaker 3: is just one aspect of the amazing gun biology at play. Again.

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Speaker 3: If you're human, your digestive system, second brain running that

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Speaker 3: that you've outsourced to. It contends with another stakeholder, which

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Speaker 3: was mentioned earlier, the vast, multi species metropolis of bacterial

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Speaker 3: life that have a fascinating, still not widely understood microbiome

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Speaker 3: that pretty much does everything. Because as cool as the

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Speaker 3: second brain or this other nervous system is, it cannot

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Speaker 3: function without bacteria, it cannot function without these non human

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Speaker 3: life forms living inside you.

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Speaker 2: And we've begun to learn a whole lot more about

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Speaker 2: this whole system and how these systems function together, because

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Speaker 2: there are really smart people out there who are studying it,

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Speaker 2: and there are a lot of people making companies based

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Speaker 2: off of some of the science that's being discovered and tested.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, the growing field of medical ecology. It approaches the

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Speaker 3: body's microbiome as almost like a garden, you know what

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Speaker 3: I mean. There are different we said gut flora. So

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Speaker 3: there are different small living things within you. Some are nurtured,

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Speaker 3: right like the good plants in the garden, and some

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Speaker 3: are weeded out.

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Speaker 5: We we have you know, that's like a really good

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Speaker 5: comparison though, the whole garden thing, because as we know,

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Speaker 5: like composting is a huge part of maintaining or it

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Speaker 5: can be rather a huge part of maintaining a really

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Speaker 5: healthy garden ecosystem. You put in stuff, it basically rots

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Speaker 5: in the ground and ferments and breaks down and then

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Speaker 5: becomes nutrients.

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Speaker 6: Mm hmm.

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Speaker 3: It's the circle of poop life. Indeed, which was the

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Speaker 3: original title of that Lion King song.

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Speaker 4: No one fact check us.

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Speaker 2: But it is a really really good example, ben, or

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Speaker 2: a way to picture it in your mind, because I

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Speaker 2: can see just somebody who is actively planting a bunch

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Speaker 2: of different vegetables out in their garden and there are

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Speaker 2: weeds in they're trying to control the weeds. But as

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Speaker 2: we're going to get into this, like one of the

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Speaker 2: main reasons why this technology is so important is because

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Speaker 2: when it's time to harvest, so well, no that doesn't

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Speaker 2: really work, but when you take out those plants that

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Speaker 2: you do want the weeds can take over pretty quickly.

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Speaker 5: Off, Mike, we were trying to all three of us

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Speaker 5: figure out the name of this kind of sustainable type

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Speaker 5: of gardening method that basically involves LEDs letting things.

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Speaker 4: Grow, including that it's perma culture.

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Speaker 3: D well done, Noll, Yes, yes, perma culture. And thank

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Speaker 3: you to our fellow conspiracy realists who have written to

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Speaker 3: us who are familiar with this industry or proselytizers thereof

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Speaker 3: this comparison, this inner and outer world matching. It speaks

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Speaker 3: to a growing field of what's called medical ecology. This

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Speaker 3: approaches the body's microbiomes as a community of life forms

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Speaker 3: that need to be nurtured or times excised. And yes,

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Speaker 3: fellow horticulturist, we are well aware that weed is kind

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Speaker 3: of a I don't want to say fraudulent, but it's

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Speaker 3: kind of a convenient term. A weed is defined as

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Speaker 3: anything you don't want in that area.

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Speaker 5: Yeah, it's true, I mean, and that can it can

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Speaker 5: be like an esthetic issue where people just think it's

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Speaker 5: ugli or it like chokes, you know, the pretty stuff.

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Speaker 4: But it does grow for a.

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Speaker 5: Reason, and it is not necessarily like a foreign invader,

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Speaker 5: right like it actually is the whole deal with permaculture

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Speaker 5: is planting things that make sense in the ecosystem, the

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Speaker 5: natural ecosystem that actually exists, and also thinking about human needs.

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Speaker 5: So I mean, you know, sometimes you do end up

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Speaker 5: killing things that maybe you shouldn't be killing and that

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Speaker 5: are kind of part of the ecosystem.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, a good example of what permaculture fights against would be,

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Speaker 3: you know, the metropolitan area of Las Vega is not

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Speaker 3: too many decades ago, wherein people planted all of these

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Speaker 3: sorts of grasses and other plant forms that simply weren't

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Speaker 3: supposed to.

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Speaker 4: Be in that environment.

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Speaker 5: Right, And the term biodiversity comes into play too, because

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Speaker 5: weeds quote unquote to your point, Matt can absolutely contribute

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Speaker 5: to the biodiversity of a garden and attract fauna like pollinators,

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Speaker 5: and they can also actually contribute to having a better

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Speaker 5: balance of nutrients in the soil. So a lot of

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Speaker 5: times people pulling the weeds just creates more weeds and

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Speaker 5: actually messes up the balance of the ecosystem.

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Speaker 6: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: I think when I think about weeds, I think about

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Speaker 2: something that proliferates extremely rapidly and spreads really fast, so

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Speaker 2: like it's something that will take over again in the

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Speaker 2: way that some bad bacteria will take over a microbiome

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Speaker 2: in your guts, like that, real fast.

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Speaker 3: Given the opportunity. Yeah. Absolutely, And some of what these

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Speaker 3: pioneers of medical ecology have discovered is inspiring. It is

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Speaker 3: literally life saving. Some of what they've discovered is also

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Speaker 3: kind of terrifying. Maybe, what do you think as shall

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Speaker 3: we pause for a word from our sponsors before we

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Speaker 3: dig into the strangest parts of this hot, steaming pile

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Speaker 3: of research?

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Speaker 4: Chuss if we must.

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Speaker 3: Here's where it gets crazy, all right, fecal transplant fancy name,

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Speaker 3: fecal microbiota transplantation.

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Speaker 5: Quick question, Ben, Why I know that's what we're here

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Speaker 5: to discuss, But I just immediately am like, who's asking

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Speaker 5: for this?

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Speaker 4: Who is this for? It sounds like some rich, bored

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Speaker 4: people stuff?

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Speaker 3: Who pitched it first?

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Speaker 2: Well, don't we know that it went way back to

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Speaker 2: this stuff called yellow soup?

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Speaker 3: Oh it goes before yellow soup?

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Speaker 4: Yeah?

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Speaker 2: Really?

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Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, it.

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Speaker 3: Goes way back. Fourth century CE is the first mention

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Speaker 3: recorded in medical literature in ancient China. We know that

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Speaker 3: Bedouins also apparently used fresh camel feces later to combat dysentery.

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Speaker 6: Whoa, yeah, I don't know.

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Speaker 3: I mean, dysentery is pretty serious things. So I guess

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Speaker 3: an important a storm.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, no matter how stinky.

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Speaker 3: So how why Right to your earlier question, how why

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Speaker 3: bitch this? We have to check a few facts about bacteria.

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Speaker 3: You know, your body is absolutely riddled with it. Bacteria

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Speaker 3: are arguably one of, if not the most successful forms

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Speaker 3: of life in the planet, right there on their extreme

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Speaker 3: files and deep see events. You can bury them far

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Speaker 3: underground and they're just fine until you get into an

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Speaker 3: outbreak situation and they're all over humans. We used to

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Speaker 3: think that the lungs had no bacteria in them. Your

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Speaker 3: lungs house about two thousand species, two thousand separate species

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Speaker 3: of bacteria per square centimeter.

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Speaker 5: Did they do an animated children's movie yet about like

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Speaker 5: the Secret life of gut Flora, because that that should happen.

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Speaker 3: Oh, that's a great idea.

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Speaker 5: I know there's like Osmosis Jones, which was like not

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Speaker 5: a big hit, But I want a Pixar movie about this.

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Speaker 4: I think it's I think it is well deserved.

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Speaker 3: Yeah you heard it, or first Pixar.

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Speaker 4: That's a great idea.

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Speaker 3: We ask for a reasonable fifteen percent.

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Speaker 4: Oh no, no, no, no, no, this is not a hot take.

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Speaker 4: Someone has thought about this. I just want to see

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Speaker 4: it happen, guys.

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Speaker 5: I don't want any credit. I just want to see

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Speaker 5: the movie. Please, Pixary. Guys, surely you've got a.

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Speaker 4: Bitch about this already in your stacks.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, so you think it's weird, right, two thousands species

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Speaker 2: of these weird little creepy Crawley's inside your lungs, the

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Speaker 2: thing that you do every moment, right, breathing them in,

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Speaker 2: breathing them out. No, they're just in there, hanging out, breathing,

400
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Speaker 2: breathe out. Yeah, but then think about just on your skin,

401
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Speaker 2: on your face, on your hands, on your feet, what

402
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Speaker 2: about on your lips?

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Speaker 5: Well, I mean the operative word is micro. You know,

404
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Speaker 5: we're not gonna sense these things. They are beyond our

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Speaker 5: threshold of feelings, you know, they're so tiny. But yeah,

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Speaker 5: there they are, doing their thing. And like the idea,

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Speaker 5: you know, when I think of breathing something like this,

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Speaker 5: and I think of like swallowing a bug. But let's

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Speaker 5: compare like the size of a bug that one could

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Speaker 5: breathe in and swallow to the size of a gut bacteria.

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Speaker 5: It's like a kaiju versus like a smurf.

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Speaker 3: Yeah. Yeah, it's comparatively almost quark level. And that's a

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Speaker 3: terrifying idea too. Can you imagine being intimately aware of

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Speaker 3: every instance of a micro organism like this in your body?

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Speaker 4: You go crazy, you'd go bananas, you'd clow your eyes out.

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Speaker 2: There would be no more humans because we would all

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Speaker 2: stop having intercourse, like immediately.

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Speaker 3: Everybody should have intercourse would stop. But the only people

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Speaker 3: left with the you know, some pretty extremophiles of their own.

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Speaker 3: I mean, yeah, yeah, the the mouth to that point,

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Speaker 3: it's got hundreds of thousands of species of these things.

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Speaker 3: You can't feel. The mouth is weirdly colonized. There are

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Speaker 3: neighborhoods of very different species across your teeth. Feel it

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Speaker 3: when we're telling you this folks across was.

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Speaker 4: Immediately then the moment you spoke it.

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Speaker 3: Oh cheese, it's on our tongues. Our tongues are their

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Speaker 3: own neighborhood.

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Speaker 4: Yep.

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Speaker 2: And it doesn't stop there, and it just keeps going.

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Speaker 4: Yeah.

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Speaker 5: But I mean, like you know, we we've talked a

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Speaker 5: little bit about I think it was on ridiculous history

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Speaker 5: maybe about the discovery of you know, microscopic particles and bacteria,

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Speaker 5: the idea of like things spoiling.

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Speaker 4: You know how where I know what it was it was.

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Speaker 5: It was an episode where we were talking about the

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Speaker 5: concept of like, you know, do the things that cause

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Speaker 5: food to go bad? Are they external or are they

439
00:25:13,119 --> 00:25:16,199
Speaker 5: created from within the thing themselves? And of course it

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Speaker 5: was determined that they are in fact external. There's like

441
00:25:18,359 --> 00:25:20,560
Speaker 5: bacteria out there in the world that is attracted to

442
00:25:20,560 --> 00:25:23,840
Speaker 5: stuff and just comes in because of various experiments involving

443
00:25:23,880 --> 00:25:26,440
Speaker 5: flasks with the top open with like a bent little

444
00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:28,880
Speaker 5: segment in the flask that caused different results.

445
00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:30,440
Speaker 4: But like, can we talk a little.

446
00:25:30,200 --> 00:25:33,760
Speaker 5: Bit about like who and when was it determined that

447
00:25:33,840 --> 00:25:37,520
Speaker 5: these things exist? You know, like who decided to like

448
00:25:37,680 --> 00:25:40,000
Speaker 5: look inside the mouth and at what point did we

449
00:25:40,040 --> 00:25:42,960
Speaker 5: get advanced stuff we could truly look inside the gut

450
00:25:43,000 --> 00:25:44,760
Speaker 5: and not just kind of positive this stuff.

451
00:25:45,760 --> 00:25:50,400
Speaker 3: Yeah, this goes back in step with the microscope, which

452
00:25:50,440 --> 00:25:54,840
Speaker 3: allowed humans to see very small things in It dates

453
00:25:54,880 --> 00:25:58,800
Speaker 3: back to the sixteen hundreds, I believe, with Luwin Hook

454
00:25:59,240 --> 00:25:59,840
Speaker 3: Sweet Hook.

455
00:26:00,240 --> 00:26:02,879
Speaker 5: Lewinhook was a lens maker and you know, while not

456
00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:06,000
Speaker 5: the inventor of the microscope, with someone who definitely made

457
00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:09,840
Speaker 5: some significant advancements in lens technology, but in Western literature.

458
00:26:09,840 --> 00:26:13,320
Speaker 5: Actually found this abstract on ScienceDirect dot com from a

459
00:26:13,840 --> 00:26:17,680
Speaker 5: study called the Origins of gut Microbiome Research in Europe,

460
00:26:17,960 --> 00:26:20,720
Speaker 5: and in the abstract it says, in Western literature the

461
00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:24,119
Speaker 5: discovery of the gut microfloor originates around the eighteen forties,

462
00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:26,600
Speaker 5: and by the last two decades of the nineteenth and

463
00:26:26,680 --> 00:26:30,159
Speaker 5: early twentieth centuries the study characterization and here's for our

464
00:26:30,160 --> 00:26:35,520
Speaker 5: purposes today, even therapeutic use of quote protective microbes reached

465
00:26:35,520 --> 00:26:38,880
Speaker 5: its scientific peak in France and German speaking Europe.

466
00:26:39,920 --> 00:26:45,480
Speaker 3: And additionally, in earlier evenings we know, gosh, shout out

467
00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:50,720
Speaker 3: to the practitioners of Jainism, because Jane Is way back

468
00:26:50,760 --> 00:26:54,920
Speaker 3: in the day said maybe they're tiny things that influence

469
00:26:55,080 --> 00:26:58,359
Speaker 3: us of which we are unaware. We're somehow unable to

470
00:26:58,400 --> 00:26:58,760
Speaker 3: see them.

471
00:26:58,840 --> 00:27:00,840
Speaker 5: Well, thank god, are like gut back to aren't like

472
00:27:00,920 --> 00:27:04,480
Speaker 5: whispering to us telling us to do bad things.

473
00:27:03,760 --> 00:27:07,440
Speaker 3: Weirdly possible as we'll see. I mean, there's so many

474
00:27:07,560 --> 00:27:11,080
Speaker 3: and it's kind of like it's almost a hierarchy. If

475
00:27:11,119 --> 00:27:14,800
Speaker 3: you are standing up right now, we know your mouth

476
00:27:14,840 --> 00:27:17,520
Speaker 3: has a lot of stuff. You go down your lungs

477
00:27:17,560 --> 00:27:19,600
Speaker 3: have a lot of stuff, and then you go down

478
00:27:19,640 --> 00:27:22,000
Speaker 3: to your gut. Your gut can have as many as

479
00:27:22,040 --> 00:27:28,480
Speaker 3: twenty five thousand to thirty thousand different species of gut flora,

480
00:27:28,520 --> 00:27:33,760
Speaker 3: of micro organisms, of bacteria and fungi and protozoa. They

481
00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:36,440
Speaker 3: start call it. They get you young, cradle to grave.

482
00:27:36,560 --> 00:27:40,399
Speaker 3: They start colonizing the bowel in infancy, which is I

483
00:27:40,440 --> 00:27:43,560
Speaker 3: believe part of why newborn spoop differently.

484
00:27:44,200 --> 00:27:47,920
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, oh yeah, that's black tar stuff that comes

485
00:27:47,960 --> 00:27:50,800
Speaker 2: out well. And that's also why breastfeeding is thought to

486
00:27:50,840 --> 00:27:54,760
Speaker 2: be so important, because the mother transfers her gut biome

487
00:27:54,880 --> 00:27:58,080
Speaker 2: essentially and all of her bacteria into the child.

488
00:27:59,160 --> 00:28:04,560
Speaker 3: And we also know that these helpers for the human body,

489
00:28:04,760 --> 00:28:08,040
Speaker 3: they appear to be mission critical with the immune system

490
00:28:08,440 --> 00:28:14,120
Speaker 3: and with the repression of pathogens. Your body right now

491
00:28:14,160 --> 00:28:18,560
Speaker 3: contains ten times more bacterial cells than it does human cells.

492
00:28:19,040 --> 00:28:21,879
Speaker 3: Granted there's a size difference. Human cells are going to

493
00:28:21,920 --> 00:28:24,240
Speaker 3: be bigger than bacterial cells generally.

494
00:28:24,960 --> 00:28:27,919
Speaker 2: Yeah, but it's that what's the phrase we always used

495
00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:31,879
Speaker 2: to use, we are universes or what is it? Something

496
00:28:31,920 --> 00:28:36,440
Speaker 2: about how we were cities or something. You each human

497
00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:39,960
Speaker 2: is a city or each human is an entire universe universe.

498
00:28:39,640 --> 00:28:43,920
Speaker 3: Yeah yeah, and not every human gut obviously has the

499
00:28:43,960 --> 00:28:48,040
Speaker 3: whole like Pokemon collection of the good bakis got. I

500
00:28:48,120 --> 00:28:51,400
Speaker 3: don't know, yeah right, I don't know if if we

501
00:28:51,440 --> 00:28:54,960
Speaker 3: can or should. Also, I don't know if baki works

502
00:28:55,040 --> 00:28:56,440
Speaker 3: as a pet name for bacteria.

503
00:28:56,640 --> 00:28:59,200
Speaker 5: I think baki has been already used for like an

504
00:28:59,240 --> 00:29:03,240
Speaker 5: old timey sell their name for tobacco. All right, to

505
00:29:03,320 --> 00:29:05,080
Speaker 5: think we might have gotten beaten to the punch on

506
00:29:05,120 --> 00:29:08,360
Speaker 5: that by the old timers, by the old prospectors of

507
00:29:08,400 --> 00:29:08,840
Speaker 5: the world.

508
00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:10,600
Speaker 4: But to the time that.

509
00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:14,840
Speaker 5: We say back though, I like Itatia, You know, I

510
00:29:14,920 --> 00:29:17,160
Speaker 5: just think bacteria is fun to say. I just see

511
00:29:17,160 --> 00:29:19,160
Speaker 5: no reason to short and that I really enjoy the

512
00:29:19,200 --> 00:29:21,440
Speaker 5: mouthfeel of bacteria as a word.

513
00:29:23,560 --> 00:29:25,360
Speaker 2: No, I was just thinking about the bacteria in my mouth.

514
00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:27,120
Speaker 6: Thanks, no, old cheek exactly.

515
00:29:26,720 --> 00:29:28,280
Speaker 5: Well, I mean no to your point, too, bad about

516
00:29:28,320 --> 00:29:30,960
Speaker 5: like that your body being this like microcosmic kind of

517
00:29:31,080 --> 00:29:35,120
Speaker 5: universe or macrocosmic whatever. I mean that applies on so

518
00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:36,800
Speaker 5: many levels as you can think about it, like in

519
00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:39,320
Speaker 5: terms of like the mind and all of the thoughts

520
00:29:39,360 --> 00:29:41,400
Speaker 5: within thoughts and dreams within dreams and all of the

521
00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:43,440
Speaker 5: different like motivations at play.

522
00:29:43,440 --> 00:29:46,080
Speaker 4: But we can also take it super mega literally.

523
00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:48,840
Speaker 5: Like there are things living inside of us that we

524
00:29:48,880 --> 00:29:51,520
Speaker 5: will never fully be able to comprehend, at least outside

525
00:29:51,520 --> 00:29:52,680
Speaker 5: of the scientific realm.

526
00:29:52,680 --> 00:29:54,920
Speaker 4: But they really do kind of have a life of

527
00:29:54,920 --> 00:29:55,320
Speaker 4: their own.

528
00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:59,760
Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, and the life that they live tends to

529
00:30:00,440 --> 00:30:04,040
Speaker 3: when everything works out, help the human beings. It's not

530
00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:07,200
Speaker 3: a stretch to wonder whether the same life forms can

531
00:30:07,640 --> 00:30:13,440
Speaker 3: mitigate inflammation associated disorders, you know, cardiovascular disease, type two

532
00:30:13,640 --> 00:30:21,120
Speaker 3: diabetes IBD, maybe IBS in some cases. There's some promising research,

533
00:30:21,760 --> 00:30:27,360
Speaker 3: or I should say, some fascinating research indicating that your biome,

534
00:30:27,400 --> 00:30:31,240
Speaker 3: to your earlier point NOL may influence your mood and

535
00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:33,240
Speaker 3: some aspects of your psychology.

536
00:30:34,160 --> 00:30:36,280
Speaker 5: Well sure, I mean, if you're constipated, you're not going

537
00:30:36,320 --> 00:30:37,440
Speaker 5: to be particularly.

538
00:30:37,080 --> 00:30:40,920
Speaker 3: Cheerful, and as Snickers said, you're not you when you're hungry.

539
00:30:41,200 --> 00:30:43,120
Speaker 3: Also true was that Snickers.

540
00:30:43,400 --> 00:30:45,840
Speaker 4: May as well have been it's as good as Snickers

541
00:30:45,920 --> 00:30:46,600
Speaker 4: tagline as.

542
00:30:46,520 --> 00:30:51,440
Speaker 5: Any I gotta eat, you gotta eat Snickers shout out

543
00:30:51,480 --> 00:30:54,480
Speaker 5: to Checkers and Snickers get together, you guys.

544
00:30:54,520 --> 00:30:57,560
Speaker 3: So we talked earlier about how when you think past

545
00:30:57,680 --> 00:31:03,040
Speaker 3: the surprising shocking headlines. It's not really that amazing or

546
00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:08,320
Speaker 3: that surprising to find that the idea of transplanting poop

547
00:31:08,640 --> 00:31:14,880
Speaker 3: using a natural human biological product to address a medical condition.

548
00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:19,160
Speaker 3: It's not surprising to learn that this is an ancient idea.

549
00:31:19,800 --> 00:31:22,520
Speaker 2: And what a weird idea it was. So back in

550
00:31:22,560 --> 00:31:26,600
Speaker 2: the fourth century, some folks noticed that there were a

551
00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:29,080
Speaker 2: lot of people around them getting super sick. I think

552
00:31:29,160 --> 00:31:33,760
Speaker 2: diarrhea throwing up just stuff where the human beings are

553
00:31:33,800 --> 00:31:36,920
Speaker 2: clearly sick, and the bad stuff's coming out of their

554
00:31:36,920 --> 00:31:40,520
Speaker 2: mouths via vomit and via their rears as.

555
00:31:40,400 --> 00:31:42,920
Speaker 5: You are you saying they were sliding into first and

556
00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:45,080
Speaker 5: they were feeling something burst.

557
00:31:45,680 --> 00:31:49,200
Speaker 4: Yes, sure, I'm just making sure we're talking about diarrhea. OK. Good.

558
00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:51,840
Speaker 2: Diarrhea is one of those things that we talked about

559
00:31:51,840 --> 00:31:53,920
Speaker 2: in this show before and many times over the years,

560
00:31:53,960 --> 00:31:57,600
Speaker 2: of how stuff works, how serious it actually is still today,

561
00:31:57,720 --> 00:32:00,120
Speaker 2: how serious diarrhea can be. But back in the day,

562
00:32:00,200 --> 00:32:03,200
Speaker 2: especially if you have a bad bout of it, you

563
00:32:03,280 --> 00:32:07,240
Speaker 2: could die pretty easily because it could lead to other things.

564
00:32:07,440 --> 00:32:09,959
Speaker 2: It can make you even more sick when you're dealing

565
00:32:09,960 --> 00:32:12,520
Speaker 2: with bacteria. And now that's on the exterior of your

566
00:32:12,560 --> 00:32:16,280
Speaker 2: body as it's being expelled, and others who are doing

567
00:32:16,320 --> 00:32:19,160
Speaker 2: that same thing around you, perhaps as well as the

568
00:32:19,720 --> 00:32:21,680
Speaker 2: thing that happens when you lose a lot of the

569
00:32:21,720 --> 00:32:25,960
Speaker 2: moisture in your body, right, become dehydrated from this thing. Well,

570
00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:30,000
Speaker 2: back in the fourth century, somebody had the idea of

571
00:32:30,800 --> 00:32:34,600
Speaker 2: something's wrong with this person who's got diarrhea. Right, it's

572
00:32:34,640 --> 00:32:38,680
Speaker 2: happening inside their body. There's nothing wrong with these people

573
00:32:38,720 --> 00:32:39,240
Speaker 2: over here.

574
00:32:39,640 --> 00:32:40,280
Speaker 6: Why don't we.

575
00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:46,000
Speaker 2: Take some of their expelled poop and stuff and turn

576
00:32:46,040 --> 00:32:49,840
Speaker 2: it into a soup of sorts and feed that to

577
00:32:50,040 --> 00:32:51,640
Speaker 2: the people who have problems.

578
00:32:51,800 --> 00:32:53,960
Speaker 4: Now, this is a real leap matt.

579
00:32:56,320 --> 00:32:59,400
Speaker 2: Sometimes boofing, but it was like a at first.

580
00:32:59,480 --> 00:33:02,000
Speaker 3: It was yeah, yeah, it was a soup. And this

581
00:33:02,120 --> 00:33:05,880
Speaker 3: also I appreciate that point because this reminds us again,

582
00:33:06,320 --> 00:33:10,160
Speaker 3: you know, in these days, in the fourth century CE,

583
00:33:10,280 --> 00:33:13,360
Speaker 3: and for hundreds of years after, a lot of what

584
00:33:13,560 --> 00:33:18,360
Speaker 3: informed medicine is what we would call sympathetic magic today. Right,

585
00:33:18,480 --> 00:33:21,600
Speaker 3: the like can treat the like. Within the poison, we

586
00:33:21,680 --> 00:33:22,840
Speaker 3: find the antidote.

587
00:33:23,280 --> 00:33:26,320
Speaker 2: That's how the first vaccinations happened. Right, take the puss

588
00:33:26,400 --> 00:33:28,000
Speaker 2: and put it in somebody else.

589
00:33:30,400 --> 00:33:33,920
Speaker 3: It's a true story. If you fast forward still in

590
00:33:34,320 --> 00:33:38,920
Speaker 3: ancient China up to the fifteen hundreds, then you'll see

591
00:33:38,960 --> 00:33:44,680
Speaker 3: a notable man of old medicine, Chinese physician, herbalist, and

592
00:33:44,960 --> 00:33:50,400
Speaker 3: acupuncturist named Lee Shishen. And he's the one who gave

593
00:33:50,480 --> 00:33:54,080
Speaker 3: us the term that I think we all enjoy.

594
00:33:55,160 --> 00:33:57,360
Speaker 2: It's gonna make me think about Massa mn Curry differently.

595
00:33:57,520 --> 00:34:01,200
Speaker 4: I was thinking about, all right, I don't like any

596
00:34:01,320 --> 00:34:03,560
Speaker 4: of this. I don't like any of this, you guys.

597
00:34:03,560 --> 00:34:05,479
Speaker 5: But see when I think of a transplant, though, I

598
00:34:05,520 --> 00:34:08,920
Speaker 5: do think of like, I'm sorry, I'm a child, I guess,

599
00:34:08,920 --> 00:34:10,480
Speaker 5: but sticking it.

600
00:34:10,560 --> 00:34:13,520
Speaker 4: In where it comes from kind of like. But it

601
00:34:13,560 --> 00:34:14,320
Speaker 4: also it doesn't.

602
00:34:14,360 --> 00:34:17,640
Speaker 5: A transplant also kind of involve removing something and replacing

603
00:34:17,680 --> 00:34:18,560
Speaker 5: it with something else.

604
00:34:19,680 --> 00:34:23,040
Speaker 2: Well, in this case, the patients that have severe diarrhea

605
00:34:23,080 --> 00:34:25,680
Speaker 2: are kind of they don't have any help removing it.

606
00:34:25,800 --> 00:34:30,319
Speaker 3: Yeah, they ran the first part. Yeah, they made the space, so.

607
00:34:30,280 --> 00:34:33,040
Speaker 5: They're definitely sliding into third. I'm sorry, I'm not going

608
00:34:33,080 --> 00:34:35,239
Speaker 5: to look up the song. It's a little bop.

609
00:34:35,719 --> 00:34:39,680
Speaker 3: So the phrase er pal Lee she shed used translates

610
00:34:39,719 --> 00:34:43,759
Speaker 3: to yellow soup, and sometimes he said golden syrup. H

611
00:34:44,480 --> 00:34:47,680
Speaker 3: depending on the preparation of the stool or the feces.

612
00:34:48,040 --> 00:34:51,440
Speaker 3: Is it fresh, dried, you know, a fir minute for

613
00:34:51,440 --> 00:34:54,160
Speaker 3: a little while, did get back up? Put it in someone,

614
00:34:54,400 --> 00:34:55,720
Speaker 3: Let's see if it helps their tummy.

615
00:34:56,160 --> 00:34:59,839
Speaker 2: Oh well, here's why this is important, though, People at

616
00:34:59,840 --> 00:35:03,320
Speaker 2: the time, as they're experimenting basically in this way, found

617
00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:07,239
Speaker 2: that folks were getting better. Whether you know, whether that's

618
00:35:07,440 --> 00:35:10,120
Speaker 2: some people were getting better on their own, whether that

619
00:35:10,280 --> 00:35:13,960
Speaker 2: was actually this form of medicine was better than a

620
00:35:14,000 --> 00:35:17,560
Speaker 2: placebo back in the fourth century, who knows, but it

621
00:35:17,600 --> 00:35:20,360
Speaker 2: does seem like it caught on enough and it was

622
00:35:20,440 --> 00:35:26,440
Speaker 2: thought enough of a real remedy that humans continued experimenting.

623
00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:29,919
Speaker 3: With it, which at this point means not that many

624
00:35:29,960 --> 00:35:33,640
Speaker 3: people were instantly dying. Yes, sort of like you know,

625
00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:39,200
Speaker 3: mercury treatments killed people, which is why people didn't keep

626
00:35:39,239 --> 00:35:42,400
Speaker 3: practicing it for as long as they were practicing some

627
00:35:42,760 --> 00:35:46,040
Speaker 3: version of fecal transplant. Let's go to nineteen fifty eight.

628
00:35:46,200 --> 00:35:50,560
Speaker 3: Let's meet our guy, doctor Ben Eisman, who must have

629
00:35:50,640 --> 00:35:53,640
Speaker 3: been pretty interesting. He is the doctor who set the

630
00:35:53,680 --> 00:35:58,040
Speaker 3: precedent for the modern fecal transplant, and he actually saved

631
00:35:58,440 --> 00:36:00,480
Speaker 3: four folks lives doing so.

632
00:36:00,840 --> 00:36:01,239
Speaker 4: That's right.

633
00:36:01,239 --> 00:36:04,320
Speaker 5: Heisman and a team of surgeons. And yes, we're saying surgeons,

634
00:36:04,400 --> 00:36:09,200
Speaker 5: unless you worry. Fecal transplants don't typically involve cutting people open, but.

635
00:36:09,520 --> 00:36:12,719
Speaker 4: They were involved in this. They were in Colorado. They

636
00:36:12,760 --> 00:36:15,719
Speaker 4: treated four critically ill people with fecal.

637
00:36:15,600 --> 00:36:20,680
Speaker 5: Enemas to combat a super nasty condition called full minent

638
00:36:22,040 --> 00:36:28,600
Speaker 5: pseudo membranus colitis. Yeah, nailed it, which we now know

639
00:36:28,920 --> 00:36:32,480
Speaker 5: is caused by something that is colloquially often referred to

640
00:36:32,719 --> 00:36:38,279
Speaker 5: just as sea diff, which stands for Colostridium dificile.

641
00:36:38,320 --> 00:36:41,200
Speaker 4: I believe is how that's pronounced, see dificile or just

642
00:36:41,400 --> 00:36:42,040
Speaker 4: sea diff.

643
00:36:42,480 --> 00:36:43,799
Speaker 3: Got the sea dif.

644
00:36:43,680 --> 00:36:54,440
Speaker 2: Yeah, I always pronounced its deficile because I think Spanish.

645
00:36:51,640 --> 00:36:52,640
Speaker 4: You guys are fancy for me.

646
00:36:53,040 --> 00:36:56,000
Speaker 3: No, no, no, we're We're all just in the same

647
00:36:56,040 --> 00:36:59,920
Speaker 3: boat trying to avoid that sea diff. Yep, and folks,

648
00:37:00,960 --> 00:37:05,600
Speaker 3: it is serious. We're about to dive into it. But unfortunately, statistically,

649
00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:09,200
Speaker 3: several of us in the audience this evening have had

650
00:37:09,239 --> 00:37:13,919
Speaker 3: some sort of experience with this mean, mean, little life form.

651
00:37:14,280 --> 00:37:17,960
Speaker 3: After our buddy doctor Eisman hits the scene, fecal transplant

652
00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:23,799
Speaker 3: research and procedure kind of wanes you know, it occurs

653
00:37:24,400 --> 00:37:28,160
Speaker 3: successfully in later decades, but it's kind of sporadic. It's

654
00:37:28,200 --> 00:37:32,080
Speaker 3: not the first thing your medical practitioner thinks about, or

655
00:37:32,120 --> 00:37:34,920
Speaker 3: if it is, they might have their own thing going on.

656
00:37:35,239 --> 00:37:38,480
Speaker 3: The streets are watching, though. You know, this technique proves

657
00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:43,600
Speaker 3: time and time and time again to be successful combating

658
00:37:44,480 --> 00:37:48,840
Speaker 3: medical issues caused by seediff in particular, and people start

659
00:37:48,880 --> 00:37:53,120
Speaker 3: asking whether this can help address other infections as well.

660
00:37:53,880 --> 00:37:59,319
Speaker 2: Exactly so, this pseudomembrtist Collidis thing is so weird and

661
00:37:59,360 --> 00:38:00,480
Speaker 2: crazy and gross.

662
00:38:00,800 --> 00:38:01,080
Speaker 6: It is.

663
00:38:01,160 --> 00:38:05,920
Speaker 2: When this this sea diff bacteria, it starts basically breaking

664
00:38:06,000 --> 00:38:09,719
Speaker 2: down the lining of your colon, stuff called the mucosa.

665
00:38:10,080 --> 00:38:13,279
Speaker 2: And when it starts breaking it down, it creates these

666
00:38:13,320 --> 00:38:17,440
Speaker 2: like scabs in like imagine scabs inside the lining of

667
00:38:17,480 --> 00:38:20,880
Speaker 2: your colon, and like the lower intestines down there, and

668
00:38:20,920 --> 00:38:24,000
Speaker 2: then your white blood cells go into attack some of

669
00:38:24,040 --> 00:38:25,840
Speaker 2: the stuff and some of the bad bacteria, and that

670
00:38:25,920 --> 00:38:28,279
Speaker 2: even these some of the parts down there, and you

671
00:38:28,320 --> 00:38:30,960
Speaker 2: can get sepsis from this. You can get all kinds

672
00:38:31,000 --> 00:38:35,080
Speaker 2: of really bad infection. So sepsis would be like infection

673
00:38:35,280 --> 00:38:37,600
Speaker 2: in your blood. And the other one is that your

674
00:38:37,719 --> 00:38:39,680
Speaker 2: your body is basically attacking itself.

675
00:38:40,120 --> 00:38:42,799
Speaker 3: Yeah, making a feedback loop exactly.

676
00:38:43,160 --> 00:38:46,680
Speaker 2: And the reason why the sea diff is so difficult

677
00:38:46,760 --> 00:38:50,520
Speaker 2: to fight often is because an infection of this this

678
00:38:50,640 --> 00:38:54,799
Speaker 2: type of bacteria often arises after we've taken antibiotics, so

679
00:38:55,080 --> 00:38:59,759
Speaker 2: specific rounds of antibiotics that kill a lot of them

680
00:38:59,760 --> 00:39:03,040
Speaker 2: mic grow biome the good bacteria that's in us. So

681
00:39:03,280 --> 00:39:05,799
Speaker 2: like the weeds as we're talking about in that example, right,

682
00:39:05,840 --> 00:39:09,440
Speaker 2: that metaphor there in the way. We're talking about our

683
00:39:09,480 --> 00:39:12,480
Speaker 2: bodies as gardens and some of these bacteria as weeds,

684
00:39:12,960 --> 00:39:16,839
Speaker 2: those weeds proliferate because they often don't get killed by

685
00:39:16,920 --> 00:39:20,640
Speaker 2: the antibacterial stuff that we're putting through our whole system,

686
00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:24,960
Speaker 2: so they just are everywhere and they grow out of control.

687
00:39:26,440 --> 00:39:28,759
Speaker 3: And we're going to take a pause for a word

688
00:39:28,760 --> 00:39:33,160
Speaker 3: from our sponsor, and we'll dive into maybe some specific stories,

689
00:39:33,200 --> 00:39:36,319
Speaker 3: and we'll take a deeper look at the problem that

690
00:39:36,440 --> 00:39:46,560
Speaker 3: makes see so deficile. We've returned, all right, this is

691
00:39:46,600 --> 00:39:50,040
Speaker 3: the story that I think stood out to a lot

692
00:39:50,080 --> 00:39:54,760
Speaker 3: of us outside of the medical professional community. Back in

693
00:39:54,800 --> 00:40:00,359
Speaker 3: twenty twelve, Caitlin Hunter, a resident of our home state

694
00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:04,720
Speaker 3: of Georgia based in Marietta, goes to visit her father

695
00:40:04,920 --> 00:40:11,640
Speaker 3: in California. Fortunately, she has a brutal automobile accident fractures

696
00:40:11,640 --> 00:40:15,680
Speaker 3: her lower this is in twenty eleven, fractures her lower spine,

697
00:40:15,920 --> 00:40:19,560
Speaker 3: lacerates her liver in colon, breaks all ten of her toes,

698
00:40:19,680 --> 00:40:23,319
Speaker 3: which is just at that point insult on injury, you know,

699
00:40:23,400 --> 00:40:28,959
Speaker 3: and does down Indeed, indeed, yes, sir, And she is treated,

700
00:40:29,239 --> 00:40:34,279
Speaker 3: you know, in California, she does survive the horrors of

701
00:40:34,320 --> 00:40:38,239
Speaker 3: this car accident. And then because she is in a

702
00:40:38,440 --> 00:40:42,240
Speaker 3: hospital similar to being in an elder care facility, where

703
00:40:42,320 --> 00:40:46,759
Speaker 3: these are the places where se diff opportunistically proliferates, she

704
00:40:47,360 --> 00:40:53,319
Speaker 3: gets a life threatening bacterial infection in her colon and

705
00:40:53,480 --> 00:40:58,120
Speaker 3: doesn't quite clock it until she leaves the medical facility

706
00:40:58,160 --> 00:41:00,880
Speaker 3: in California and returns learns to Georgia.

707
00:41:01,360 --> 00:41:03,920
Speaker 2: And we have a quote from her in speaking with CNN.

708
00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:06,680
Speaker 2: Here's the quote. Right when I got off the plane,

709
00:41:06,719 --> 00:41:09,399
Speaker 2: I went to the hospital. I was having extremely bad

710
00:41:09,480 --> 00:41:12,799
Speaker 2: stomach pain. A month later we found out it was

711
00:41:12,880 --> 00:41:13,400
Speaker 2: sea diff.

712
00:41:15,280 --> 00:41:18,200
Speaker 3: Yeah, which is which is just terrible. You know, all

713
00:41:18,239 --> 00:41:23,120
Speaker 3: the usual treatments for this infection seem ineffective. Right the

714
00:41:23,520 --> 00:41:27,239
Speaker 3: you know, we're hitting the antibiotics left and right of

715
00:41:27,320 --> 00:41:30,480
Speaker 3: for a time, it appears that Hunter may have lived

716
00:41:30,680 --> 00:41:35,880
Speaker 3: through this accident, only to die from knock on consequences. Luckily,

717
00:41:36,239 --> 00:41:40,200
Speaker 3: her physician at the time, doctor Suku George, is a

718
00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:44,120
Speaker 3: very sharp cookie and starts thinking outside the box.

719
00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:44,560
Speaker 4: Right.

720
00:41:44,640 --> 00:41:48,960
Speaker 5: He figures, since antibiotics can also kill good bacteria, why

721
00:41:49,000 --> 00:41:52,440
Speaker 5: not fight a little fire with fire. What if the

722
00:41:52,480 --> 00:41:56,560
Speaker 5: answer is actually not to kill bacteria, but to introduce

723
00:41:57,360 --> 00:41:59,400
Speaker 5: more bacteria, more good.

724
00:42:00,239 --> 00:42:03,240
Speaker 4: Yeah, the good stuff. Kids go for beads.

725
00:42:03,960 --> 00:42:07,120
Speaker 5: So Hunter's mother is all up for the challenge and

726
00:42:07,160 --> 00:42:12,320
Speaker 5: decides she will donate some of that good bacteria herself

727
00:42:12,400 --> 00:42:14,000
Speaker 5: in the form of a poop.

728
00:42:14,600 --> 00:42:17,440
Speaker 2: And one of the reasons why the doctors were scared,

729
00:42:17,480 --> 00:42:20,719
Speaker 2: why the mother chose to do this kind of strange thing, right,

730
00:42:21,560 --> 00:42:24,799
Speaker 2: donate my poop to put it into my daughter. This

731
00:42:24,840 --> 00:42:28,839
Speaker 2: stuff sea diff infects around five hundred thousand Americans, like

732
00:42:29,200 --> 00:42:32,720
Speaker 2: human beings in America every year, and it kills somewhere

733
00:42:32,760 --> 00:42:37,160
Speaker 2: between fourteen and thirty thousand Americans every year, just depending

734
00:42:37,200 --> 00:42:39,480
Speaker 2: on the year and depending on how bad what kind

735
00:42:39,480 --> 00:42:40,480
Speaker 2: of outbreak there's been.

736
00:42:40,719 --> 00:42:42,920
Speaker 5: Yeah, a good friend of mine, and I think for

737
00:42:43,040 --> 00:42:46,080
Speaker 5: Ben's as well, friend of the show was just messaging me.

738
00:42:46,160 --> 00:42:48,319
Speaker 5: Actually I just happened to catch it and said, I

739
00:42:48,320 --> 00:42:50,799
Speaker 5: can't talk right now. We're talking about poop transplants, and

740
00:42:50,880 --> 00:42:54,239
Speaker 5: she said, my friend got one of those because he

741
00:42:54,280 --> 00:42:57,280
Speaker 5: almost died of sea diff and it saved his life.

742
00:42:57,440 --> 00:43:00,680
Speaker 5: So confirming. This is absolutely a thing that to this

743
00:43:00,760 --> 00:43:03,560
Speaker 5: day is hugely impactful on people's lives.

744
00:43:03,880 --> 00:43:05,960
Speaker 3: And let's talk a little bit. Let's put on our

745
00:43:06,080 --> 00:43:09,279
Speaker 3: old Alma matter hats for how stuff works and talk

746
00:43:09,320 --> 00:43:14,200
Speaker 3: about how this functions. Okay, so good news, or for

747
00:43:14,600 --> 00:43:18,480
Speaker 3: some kind of very specific people, maybe this is disappointing news.

748
00:43:19,080 --> 00:43:21,960
Speaker 3: You're not like pooping in a doctor's hand and then

749
00:43:22,000 --> 00:43:24,200
Speaker 3: having the doctor run to the next room and then

750
00:43:24,320 --> 00:43:27,240
Speaker 3: just boof up the patient let down.

751
00:43:27,800 --> 00:43:30,480
Speaker 2: Well, but in nineteen fifty eight it wasn't enema, right.

752
00:43:30,520 --> 00:43:33,799
Speaker 3: Like it wasn't innima. Animas are still used what are

753
00:43:33,800 --> 00:43:37,359
Speaker 3: called retention aenemas. The way it usually works now, you

754
00:43:37,400 --> 00:43:41,360
Speaker 3: screen a donor for whether it's a family member or

755
00:43:41,400 --> 00:43:44,680
Speaker 3: partner or a stranger. You screen them for any other

756
00:43:44,760 --> 00:43:49,440
Speaker 3: kind of disease causing germ any communicable infection. The doctor

757
00:43:49,520 --> 00:43:53,400
Speaker 3: takes this stool sample. They dilute it with saline or

758
00:43:53,440 --> 00:43:56,680
Speaker 3: get this four percent milk, and then they blend it

759
00:43:56,760 --> 00:44:01,160
Speaker 3: into what is honestly kind of like a milkshake for drinking.

760
00:44:01,280 --> 00:44:03,920
Speaker 4: Though doesn't it go into capsules? Isn't that the idea.

761
00:44:04,320 --> 00:44:07,000
Speaker 3: It's a poop shake, It doesn't have to go into capsules.

762
00:44:07,000 --> 00:44:13,239
Speaker 3: They used to use nasogastic or naso duodenal tubes. The

763
00:44:13,280 --> 00:44:16,840
Speaker 3: only difference is going you know, through your nasal cavite

764
00:44:17,560 --> 00:44:18,960
Speaker 3: or going even deeper.

765
00:44:19,239 --> 00:44:19,439
Speaker 4: Right.

766
00:44:20,480 --> 00:44:24,920
Speaker 5: Isn't that similar to how you if you're like not

767
00:44:25,000 --> 00:44:28,200
Speaker 5: able to eat solid food and you're in the hospital

768
00:44:28,239 --> 00:44:30,000
Speaker 5: and can't they also feed you that way?

769
00:44:31,160 --> 00:44:34,440
Speaker 2: Yeah, sometimes they'll go through your side basically, but in

770
00:44:34,480 --> 00:44:38,520
Speaker 2: this case, like imagine poop going through a tube that

771
00:44:38,640 --> 00:44:41,640
Speaker 2: is going into your nose all the way down to

772
00:44:41,719 --> 00:44:42,200
Speaker 2: your sister.

773
00:44:42,400 --> 00:44:44,840
Speaker 5: The first question I think is on many people's minds

774
00:44:44,880 --> 00:44:47,200
Speaker 5: is but do you smell it immediately?

775
00:44:47,400 --> 00:44:49,720
Speaker 4: I mean maybe, I guess it's contained within a tube?

776
00:44:49,800 --> 00:44:50,680
Speaker 6: Yeah, who knows.

777
00:44:51,840 --> 00:44:54,280
Speaker 4: It probably puts you out for it, that's true.

778
00:44:54,520 --> 00:44:58,680
Speaker 3: Also, there is a similar technology used for to your point,

779
00:44:58,760 --> 00:45:01,280
Speaker 3: no force feeding in black sites.

780
00:45:01,960 --> 00:45:05,640
Speaker 4: Mmm, maybe that's where I've seen it, of course.

781
00:45:05,719 --> 00:45:08,319
Speaker 3: Yeah, the retention ETIMA was used, as you point out,

782
00:45:08,360 --> 00:45:13,480
Speaker 3: Matt by doctor Eisman, I believe now the primary preferred

783
00:45:13,480 --> 00:45:16,360
Speaker 3: delivery method is it's through the gold.

784
00:45:17,400 --> 00:45:20,520
Speaker 2: Yeah, but they do offer pills like you can swallow

785
00:45:20,560 --> 00:45:21,200
Speaker 2: poop pills.

786
00:45:21,920 --> 00:45:22,400
Speaker 6: You can't.

787
00:45:22,560 --> 00:45:23,160
Speaker 2: You can do it.

788
00:45:24,719 --> 00:45:29,000
Speaker 3: Please again, remember this is not medical advice. I feel

789
00:45:29,040 --> 00:45:32,000
Speaker 3: like we have to say that before people get not

790
00:45:32,120 --> 00:45:33,440
Speaker 3: red pilled, but poop built.

791
00:45:33,800 --> 00:45:34,239
Speaker 6: Mm hmm.

792
00:45:35,480 --> 00:45:35,800
Speaker 4: Okay.

793
00:45:35,800 --> 00:45:39,319
Speaker 3: So we're talking about the mother, right. Of course, this

794
00:45:39,480 --> 00:45:43,400
Speaker 3: is an out of the out of the usual procedure

795
00:45:43,600 --> 00:45:48,080
Speaker 3: kind of thing for the Hunter family and for the

796
00:45:48,160 --> 00:45:52,560
Speaker 3: doctor involved. Her mother does donate that stool sample and

797
00:45:52,600 --> 00:45:56,640
Speaker 3: they get it from her mother to minimize any possible

798
00:45:56,840 --> 00:46:01,000
Speaker 3: unforeseen side effects, the idea being that the birth mother's

799
00:46:01,120 --> 00:46:06,600
Speaker 3: gut flora will have a much higher likelihood of being

800
00:46:06,680 --> 00:46:10,280
Speaker 3: familiar or being closer to the gut floor of the child.

801
00:46:12,080 --> 00:46:13,800
Speaker 2: That's a I mean, it's a really good point. That's

802
00:46:14,360 --> 00:46:18,239
Speaker 2: that's huge. It kind of goes back to the during

803
00:46:18,280 --> 00:46:21,080
Speaker 2: pregnancy thing during you know, right after giving birth, how

804
00:46:21,080 --> 00:46:24,319
Speaker 2: important the milk is, how important, at least in a

805
00:46:24,320 --> 00:46:27,200
Speaker 2: lot of studies, how important a vaginal birth is for

806
00:46:27,239 --> 00:46:31,960
Speaker 2: getting the same kind of microbiome transfer essentially.

807
00:46:33,480 --> 00:46:37,799
Speaker 3: Yeah, and we know that. In twenty twelve March of

808
00:46:37,840 --> 00:46:43,400
Speaker 3: twenty twelve, studies conducted found astonishing numbers that seem to

809
00:46:44,200 --> 00:46:50,080
Speaker 3: give credence to the philosophers and the sympathetic magic practitioners

810
00:46:50,080 --> 00:46:53,640
Speaker 3: of old. They found ninety one percent of patients with

811
00:46:53,800 --> 00:46:59,200
Speaker 3: similar seaediff conditions were cured after just one transplant procedure.

812
00:46:59,480 --> 00:47:02,759
Speaker 3: And then if you couple that after the procedure of

813
00:47:02,800 --> 00:47:05,839
Speaker 3: you couple that with around of the right antibiotics, your

814
00:47:05,920 --> 00:47:09,400
Speaker 3: success rate shoots up to ninety eight percent, which is

815
00:47:09,560 --> 00:47:10,680
Speaker 3: crazy for science.

816
00:47:11,080 --> 00:47:14,400
Speaker 2: Oh, it's insane. There was a there was a trial

817
00:47:14,440 --> 00:47:18,200
Speaker 2: in twenty thirteen that they were conducting to I think

818
00:47:18,360 --> 00:47:21,400
Speaker 2: they were trying to see whether or not fecal transplantation

819
00:47:21,960 --> 00:47:25,880
Speaker 2: would be as effective or not as effective versus I

820
00:47:25,920 --> 00:47:28,400
Speaker 2: can't remember the name of his. I think it's vancomyasin

821
00:47:28,640 --> 00:47:32,560
Speaker 2: or fancomias, I think, yeah, yeah. And as they're going

822
00:47:32,560 --> 00:47:35,480
Speaker 2: through this trial and they started to notice that the

823
00:47:35,520 --> 00:47:40,120
Speaker 2: fecal transplant was so far superior to these intense drugs,

824
00:47:40,640 --> 00:47:44,240
Speaker 2: they decided it would be unethical to continue the trial,

825
00:47:44,680 --> 00:47:46,640
Speaker 2: so they were just yeah, they stopped the trial, and

826
00:47:46,640 --> 00:47:48,960
Speaker 2: they said, which poop transplants for everybody.

827
00:47:49,520 --> 00:47:54,080
Speaker 5: You get a poop transplant, and you get a poop transplant,

828
00:47:54,400 --> 00:47:57,680
Speaker 5: and we you know you don't get one.

829
00:47:57,920 --> 00:47:59,879
Speaker 3: Oh, you can have one if you want. It's a treat.

830
00:48:00,040 --> 00:48:02,959
Speaker 4: Can have mine. I'll give you mine, guys.

831
00:48:03,040 --> 00:48:06,800
Speaker 3: Let's all share our poops.

832
00:48:06,800 --> 00:48:08,200
Speaker 2: Just put coffee in my enema.

833
00:48:09,880 --> 00:48:13,279
Speaker 3: Good good. I'm sure there's some real TikTok science by

834
00:48:13,320 --> 00:48:13,640
Speaker 3: that one.

835
00:48:13,960 --> 00:48:16,160
Speaker 2: That was a thing, wasn't it coffee animas back in

836
00:48:16,239 --> 00:48:16,520
Speaker 2: the day.

837
00:48:16,760 --> 00:48:22,800
Speaker 5: Yeah, you know, Kelly, he was in the yogurt aemas.

838
00:48:23,840 --> 00:48:26,239
Speaker 5: But that's funny though, because that actually I mentioned it.

839
00:48:26,400 --> 00:48:29,399
Speaker 5: That's all about that's a similar thing. John Harvey Keller

840
00:48:29,560 --> 00:48:31,799
Speaker 5: was all about the probiotics and all about the gut floor.

841
00:48:32,280 --> 00:48:34,319
Speaker 3: Yeah. Now we're not saying he was a perfect guy.

842
00:48:34,520 --> 00:48:37,399
Speaker 4: We're also not saying squirt yogurt up your butt. We're

843
00:48:37,400 --> 00:48:38,080
Speaker 4: not saying that.

844
00:48:38,120 --> 00:48:40,560
Speaker 3: Again, none of this is medical advice, but we are

845
00:48:40,600 --> 00:48:47,319
Speaker 3: fun at parties, medical suggestions, observations. Folks. We know how

846
00:48:47,480 --> 00:48:52,200
Speaker 3: people are. There's all kinds of woo woo pseudo science

847
00:48:52,239 --> 00:48:54,879
Speaker 3: out there. I mean, you know, on the flip side

848
00:48:54,880 --> 00:48:57,640
Speaker 3: of that coin or on the other butt cheek. The

849
00:48:57,719 --> 00:49:00,680
Speaker 3: world is full of desperate people. Who are see remedy

850
00:49:00,760 --> 00:49:04,000
Speaker 3: for otherwise intractable medical conditions.

851
00:49:04,120 --> 00:49:06,880
Speaker 5: Oh, so many people on the internet saying I drink

852
00:49:07,800 --> 00:49:11,440
Speaker 5: a gallon of my own urine every day, and that is,

853
00:49:11,840 --> 00:49:14,200
Speaker 5: I believe provably, not a good idea.

854
00:49:14,640 --> 00:49:18,000
Speaker 3: Yeah, it's not the best. Now it's even worse than

855
00:49:18,160 --> 00:49:22,279
Speaker 3: you know, soda. I think I'm still dealing with this

856
00:49:22,400 --> 00:49:26,080
Speaker 3: soda withdrawal. You guys, gosh, so soda is so great.

857
00:49:26,719 --> 00:49:29,319
Speaker 3: But yeah, don't try this at home is our main

858
00:49:29,360 --> 00:49:32,440
Speaker 3: thing we have to say, because feces is a level

859
00:49:32,480 --> 00:49:38,440
Speaker 3: to biohazard that is bad. If you don't test those samples,

860
00:49:38,480 --> 00:49:40,840
Speaker 3: if you just try to, you know, go out on

861
00:49:40,880 --> 00:49:44,400
Speaker 3: some wildcat poop transferring, you could end up worse than

862
00:49:44,440 --> 00:49:44,839
Speaker 3: you began.

863
00:49:45,120 --> 00:49:49,200
Speaker 5: Well, I mean with the urine example, you know what happens.

864
00:49:49,200 --> 00:49:52,880
Speaker 5: What is urine? What is feces? It is materials that

865
00:49:52,920 --> 00:49:55,640
Speaker 5: have been excreted from your body because they're bad for you.

866
00:49:55,920 --> 00:49:58,960
Speaker 5: So if you drink your own urine, you are drinking

867
00:49:59,040 --> 00:50:02,799
Speaker 5: back down those necessary toxins, which is forcing your kidneys

868
00:50:03,200 --> 00:50:07,480
Speaker 5: to process them again and perhaps work overtime. Let's just

869
00:50:07,520 --> 00:50:08,040
Speaker 5: not take this.

870
00:50:08,000 --> 00:50:08,799
Speaker 4: Into our own hands.

871
00:50:08,840 --> 00:50:10,640
Speaker 5: I mean, you know, obviously there are good reasons to

872
00:50:10,640 --> 00:50:13,840
Speaker 5: have equal transplants. The sea diiff thing very very real,

873
00:50:14,239 --> 00:50:16,680
Speaker 5: but as just some sort of holistic kind of woo

874
00:50:16,680 --> 00:50:20,200
Speaker 5: woo remedy, I would definitely seek a professional.

875
00:50:20,600 --> 00:50:22,759
Speaker 2: You just gotta cut it with a little tequila and

876
00:50:22,880 --> 00:50:26,480
Speaker 2: lime and you're good to go. Yeah, the you're inner,

877
00:50:26,560 --> 00:50:29,480
Speaker 2: the poop, poop, the poop to the point of the

878
00:50:29,840 --> 00:50:33,799
Speaker 2: level two biohazard. Go back in your mind and think

879
00:50:33,840 --> 00:50:37,560
Speaker 2: about how I guess freaked out science was that there

880
00:50:37,640 --> 00:50:41,880
Speaker 2: was so much coronavirus in the sewer systems of the

881
00:50:42,040 --> 00:50:44,960
Speaker 2: United States, in particular, when they were just noticing, oh,

882
00:50:44,960 --> 00:50:49,040
Speaker 2: there's a lot of active coronavirus swimming around in that.

883
00:50:49,200 --> 00:50:52,360
Speaker 3: Yeah, the poop leftovers just live in its best life.

884
00:50:52,960 --> 00:50:54,839
Speaker 5: Also, guys, I know were here talking about poop today,

885
00:50:54,840 --> 00:50:56,680
Speaker 5: but I've just found so much stuff about peepee.

886
00:50:57,040 --> 00:51:01,480
Speaker 4: Really, it's not sterile. People always screaming about how it's

887
00:51:01,480 --> 00:51:05,560
Speaker 4: sterile and you should your jellyfish bite. That's just not true.

888
00:51:06,320 --> 00:51:09,080
Speaker 3: I believe the mechanism for the pe on the jellyfish

889
00:51:09,120 --> 00:51:10,840
Speaker 3: thing is not due to sterility.

890
00:51:10,920 --> 00:51:11,560
Speaker 4: That's right. I'm sorry.

891
00:51:11,880 --> 00:51:14,520
Speaker 5: Okay, so let's let's walk this back. You can definitely

892
00:51:14,560 --> 00:51:17,480
Speaker 5: pee on your jellyfish thing. It does neutralize this thing,

893
00:51:17,480 --> 00:51:19,440
Speaker 5: but it is not because of this thing. People are always

894
00:51:19,360 --> 00:51:22,279
Speaker 5: screaming about how urine is quote unquote sterile. It's full

895
00:51:22,280 --> 00:51:24,320
Speaker 5: of all kinds of bacteria and healthy urine.

896
00:51:24,600 --> 00:51:26,840
Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, just the way people used to believe that

897
00:51:26,960 --> 00:51:30,279
Speaker 3: lungs didn't have their own little cities within them. I

898
00:51:30,320 --> 00:51:35,080
Speaker 3: mean this is also there's good news. The Fecal Transplant Foundation,

899
00:51:35,400 --> 00:51:38,600
Speaker 3: which is a real thing, has confirmed that there are

900
00:51:38,600 --> 00:51:45,040
Speaker 3: not any documented cases of infection transmitted through FMT or

901
00:51:45,120 --> 00:51:49,200
Speaker 3: you know, these fecal transplantations still better safe than sorry,

902
00:51:49,480 --> 00:51:51,359
Speaker 3: you know what I mean. And one thing we can

903
00:51:51,520 --> 00:51:55,560
Speaker 3: say if you're if you're transplanting poop and you're not

904
00:51:55,680 --> 00:51:59,399
Speaker 3: a doctor just gaming this out, the biggest scenario would

905
00:51:59,440 --> 00:52:03,000
Speaker 3: be the power move to go full chimpanzee. Just poop

906
00:52:03,000 --> 00:52:05,160
Speaker 3: in your hand and throw it at someone if you're

907
00:52:05,200 --> 00:52:06,240
Speaker 3: about to be in a fight.

908
00:52:06,560 --> 00:52:09,160
Speaker 4: That will definitely make them go away and not try

909
00:52:09,200 --> 00:52:13,719
Speaker 4: to fight you any further, I would hope. So I'm sorry.

910
00:52:14,120 --> 00:52:16,640
Speaker 5: Last thing about your en Apparently the jellyfish thing thing

911
00:52:16,719 --> 00:52:19,400
Speaker 5: a folk remedy as well, and it actually might make.

912
00:52:19,239 --> 00:52:22,279
Speaker 4: It hurt worse. Sorry, thank you, poison dot org.

913
00:52:23,640 --> 00:52:27,439
Speaker 2: You know, it's not folk remedy or a folk thing.

914
00:52:27,719 --> 00:52:31,799
Speaker 2: Oh when when you get a toxic mega colon you

915
00:52:31,800 --> 00:52:32,759
Speaker 2: ever you ever heard of that?

916
00:52:32,840 --> 00:52:33,160
Speaker 6: Boys?

917
00:52:33,520 --> 00:52:37,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, that's from a seed diff infection. It is a

918
00:52:37,800 --> 00:52:40,279
Speaker 2: very serious, real thing. It sounds like some kind of

919
00:52:40,440 --> 00:52:43,400
Speaker 2: monster or I don't know, a horrible thing, but it is.

920
00:52:43,480 --> 00:52:46,800
Speaker 2: It is real. It's just when your colon gets super

921
00:52:46,840 --> 00:52:50,400
Speaker 2: inflamed and enlarged. And that's one of the ways you

922
00:52:50,520 --> 00:52:54,640
Speaker 2: get stuff like sepsis and horrible, horrible death.

923
00:52:54,920 --> 00:53:00,000
Speaker 3: Which can escalate and exacerbate very quickly. They can become

924
00:53:00,160 --> 00:53:04,080
Speaker 3: life threatening conditions. And now this brings us to sort

925
00:53:04,080 --> 00:53:08,200
Speaker 3: of the crux of our exploration. The future of poop

926
00:53:08,480 --> 00:53:11,000
Speaker 3: is a question. We're talking about a little bit off air,

927
00:53:11,719 --> 00:53:15,160
Speaker 3: all right. It's a gig economy. Things are kind of dystopian,

928
00:53:15,600 --> 00:53:19,880
Speaker 3: you know, let's be honest. So could people begin donating

929
00:53:20,000 --> 00:53:24,160
Speaker 3: poop for money similar to other biological based industries like

930
00:53:24,200 --> 00:53:27,000
Speaker 3: sperm donation or you know, the horrors of the red

931
00:53:27,040 --> 00:53:28,480
Speaker 3: market and the organ trade.

932
00:53:28,640 --> 00:53:30,520
Speaker 4: Please be yes, please be yes.

933
00:53:30,640 --> 00:53:32,960
Speaker 3: The answer is yes, awesome.

934
00:53:33,080 --> 00:53:34,800
Speaker 4: Because what am I gonna do with the stuff.

935
00:53:36,120 --> 00:53:40,040
Speaker 5: It's kdible, I know, but I mean maybe if I

936
00:53:40,120 --> 00:53:42,680
Speaker 5: just if instead of flushing it, I can go out

937
00:53:42,719 --> 00:53:45,880
Speaker 5: and donate it every time, the plumbing system in my

938
00:53:45,920 --> 00:53:47,520
Speaker 5: house will probably last a lot longer.

939
00:53:48,480 --> 00:53:52,239
Speaker 3: Now, the people who do get human waste for use

940
00:53:52,320 --> 00:53:55,880
Speaker 3: in fertilizer through waste treatment plants, sure they may have

941
00:53:55,920 --> 00:53:59,240
Speaker 3: something to say about this. But imagine a world where

942
00:53:59,440 --> 00:54:04,160
Speaker 3: you're work on scratch and you see a particular branded

943
00:54:04,239 --> 00:54:08,000
Speaker 3: porto potty. You know what I mean, poop for cash.

944
00:54:08,239 --> 00:54:11,160
Speaker 3: I could see the infomercial. Now, if you go to

945
00:54:11,280 --> 00:54:15,360
Speaker 3: places like human Microbes dot org, there are multiple outfits

946
00:54:15,400 --> 00:54:18,160
Speaker 3: like this. By the way, you'll see that as long

947
00:54:18,200 --> 00:54:21,480
Speaker 3: as you fill out their questionnaire and pass a pretty

948
00:54:21,560 --> 00:54:24,360
Speaker 3: rigorous screening, they will pay you to poop.

949
00:54:25,000 --> 00:54:25,280
Speaker 2: Yeah.

950
00:54:25,400 --> 00:54:27,920
Speaker 5: Unfortunately, because of the rigorous screening, it won't be as

951
00:54:27,960 --> 00:54:28,759
Speaker 5: simple as sort of.

952
00:54:28,680 --> 00:54:29,960
Speaker 4: A reverse pay toilet.

953
00:54:30,120 --> 00:54:31,960
Speaker 5: Maybe in the future though, when they can just like

954
00:54:32,040 --> 00:54:34,560
Speaker 5: scan you. But I love the idea just being able

955
00:54:34,560 --> 00:54:37,520
Speaker 5: to sit down, do your business and then money comes

956
00:54:37,520 --> 00:54:38,480
Speaker 5: out at you.

957
00:54:39,560 --> 00:54:44,040
Speaker 3: I love the idea of being the guy who meets

958
00:54:44,080 --> 00:54:48,520
Speaker 3: my daughter's new boyfriend for the first time, like, oh, so, Darryl,

959
00:54:48,760 --> 00:54:51,600
Speaker 3: what do you do? Oh, Darryl's a pooper dad.

960
00:54:52,440 --> 00:54:54,880
Speaker 4: Professional he's got the best poop.

961
00:54:55,200 --> 00:54:59,319
Speaker 3: He's a pro poop. So but if you do this

962
00:54:59,719 --> 00:55:02,640
Speaker 3: with so some of these outfits, there's no regulatory body

963
00:55:02,719 --> 00:55:06,440
Speaker 3: right now saying how much, like what the going price

964
00:55:06,520 --> 00:55:09,160
Speaker 3: is for a poop, But it's five hundred bucks per

965
00:55:09,239 --> 00:55:12,840
Speaker 3: stool at human Microbes dot org up to one hundred

966
00:55:12,840 --> 00:55:15,120
Speaker 3: and eighty grand a year. And if you're what they

967
00:55:15,160 --> 00:55:20,160
Speaker 3: call a super donor that they're still looking for superpooper, Yeah, superpooper,

968
00:55:20,160 --> 00:55:21,680
Speaker 3: then the prices are negotiable.

969
00:55:22,600 --> 00:55:25,040
Speaker 4: Right on. You got the upper hand there, coming to

970
00:55:25,080 --> 00:55:26,439
Speaker 4: that negotiation.

971
00:55:25,960 --> 00:55:26,839
Speaker 6: Hot dude.

972
00:55:26,880 --> 00:55:29,080
Speaker 2: And there's so many of these programs that are popping

973
00:55:29,200 --> 00:55:34,200
Speaker 2: up everywhere. Just another quick example. Good Nature is another program.

974
00:55:34,239 --> 00:55:37,520
Speaker 2: You can go to goodnatureprogram dot com and learn about this, y'all.

975
00:55:37,840 --> 00:55:41,600
Speaker 2: They have a stool donation program that if you live

976
00:55:41,719 --> 00:55:45,719
Speaker 2: in Tempe, Arizona, or Irvine, California, you can head into

977
00:55:45,760 --> 00:55:49,719
Speaker 2: their offices poop several times a week and make fifteen

978
00:55:49,800 --> 00:55:50,719
Speaker 2: hundred bucks a month.

979
00:55:52,239 --> 00:55:55,680
Speaker 5: That's a pretty respectable living US dollars. And I mean

980
00:55:55,719 --> 00:55:57,520
Speaker 5: it's a lot easier to give.

981
00:55:58,120 --> 00:55:59,799
Speaker 4: That's saying give poop just sounds rich.

982
00:56:00,080 --> 00:56:02,880
Speaker 5: Donate your feces and you could probably do it much

983
00:56:02,920 --> 00:56:05,400
Speaker 5: more regularly than you could say plasma or blood.

984
00:56:06,000 --> 00:56:08,880
Speaker 3: Yeah yeah, I mean, and you know there are some

985
00:56:08,920 --> 00:56:12,880
Speaker 3: blood cells in your poop. But ah details. So this

986
00:56:13,000 --> 00:56:17,160
Speaker 3: is what's inspiring about this, despite the clear dystopian aspect

987
00:56:17,200 --> 00:56:20,239
Speaker 3: of it, is it's literally turning beat me here, it's

988
00:56:20,280 --> 00:56:21,880
Speaker 3: literally turning shit into.

989
00:56:21,680 --> 00:56:24,520
Speaker 4: Gold, you know what I mean, pretty American or at the

990
00:56:24,640 --> 00:56:26,480
Speaker 4: very least, you know, dollars.

991
00:56:26,719 --> 00:56:29,960
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, and just just a couple more details, because

992
00:56:29,960 --> 00:56:32,080
Speaker 2: this is so fascinating to me. If you were going

993
00:56:32,120 --> 00:56:34,040
Speaker 2: to get in that Good Nature program, you would go

994
00:56:34,120 --> 00:56:36,759
Speaker 2: four to six times a week to their offices. You

995
00:56:36,800 --> 00:56:40,480
Speaker 2: would have a one hour visit per you know, PLoP.

996
00:56:40,640 --> 00:56:44,400
Speaker 2: I guess you would get monthly blood draws, and you

997
00:56:44,480 --> 00:56:47,680
Speaker 2: have to not smoke, not have any issues with drugs

998
00:56:47,800 --> 00:56:50,560
Speaker 2: or alcohol, be eighteen to fifty years old.

999
00:56:50,719 --> 00:56:53,200
Speaker 6: And just live near one of their centers.

1000
00:56:53,480 --> 00:56:57,960
Speaker 3: And I think some other places also have increasingly robust

1001
00:56:58,040 --> 00:57:02,560
Speaker 3: genetic screening. Oh yeah, we know that. The example I

1002
00:57:02,640 --> 00:57:06,799
Speaker 3: mentioned earlier Human Microbes dot org. I am very interested

1003
00:57:06,960 --> 00:57:10,520
Speaker 3: in the founder, Michael Harrop h a r r OP

1004
00:57:11,520 --> 00:57:14,040
Speaker 3: because if you go to their about page or you

1005
00:57:14,040 --> 00:57:17,560
Speaker 3: go their FAQ and stuff, you'll see that. They describe

1006
00:57:17,560 --> 00:57:22,240
Speaker 3: themselves as quote a stool donor network currently focused on

1007
00:57:22,320 --> 00:57:26,200
Speaker 3: the USA and Canada, but accepting stool donors from around

1008
00:57:26,200 --> 00:57:29,960
Speaker 3: the world and willing to do global dry ice shipping

1009
00:57:30,120 --> 00:57:34,080
Speaker 3: if possible. So you'll have to go to their office.

1010
00:57:34,280 --> 00:57:37,240
Speaker 3: If you got the right poop, they'll take care of it.

1011
00:57:37,880 --> 00:57:39,560
Speaker 6: Dude, that's so awesome.

1012
00:57:39,800 --> 00:57:43,400
Speaker 3: They do a lot of work with indigenous populations. The

1013
00:57:43,440 --> 00:57:46,320
Speaker 3: website is a rabbit hole because the idea is that

1014
00:57:46,360 --> 00:57:49,720
Speaker 3: they these folks will be less likely to be exposed

1015
00:57:49,920 --> 00:57:54,200
Speaker 3: to certain contaminants because there's a growing crisis apparently, and

1016
00:57:54,200 --> 00:57:56,720
Speaker 3: I'm sure we see this whenever we look at these

1017
00:57:56,760 --> 00:57:57,760
Speaker 3: donor networks.

1018
00:57:58,080 --> 00:58:00,000
Speaker 2: Well yeah, because like the other one, the Good Nature

1019
00:58:00,680 --> 00:58:03,400
Speaker 2: has an R and D department where if you don't

1020
00:58:03,440 --> 00:58:07,120
Speaker 2: meet their rigorous health standards, you just donate to their

1021
00:58:07,240 --> 00:58:09,600
Speaker 2: R and D department so they can study your poop

1022
00:58:09,720 --> 00:58:11,960
Speaker 2: for like stuff that goes wrong in poop.

1023
00:58:12,000 --> 00:58:17,600
Speaker 3: I guess the FMT Foundation, the Fecal Transplant Foundation, found

1024
00:58:17,640 --> 00:58:21,320
Speaker 3: that only zero point one percent of the population is

1025
00:58:21,360 --> 00:58:25,880
Speaker 3: still healthy enough to qualify Wow as a high quality

1026
00:58:26,320 --> 00:58:27,320
Speaker 3: stool dodor.

1027
00:58:27,960 --> 00:58:28,560
Speaker 4: What does that mean?

1028
00:58:28,720 --> 00:58:33,120
Speaker 3: I think I think they're talking about superbugs proliferating over

1029
00:58:33,200 --> 00:58:37,480
Speaker 3: exposure to antibiotics, which you know, when you dose a

1030
00:58:37,480 --> 00:58:39,600
Speaker 3: bunch of livestock and you dose a bunch of humans

1031
00:58:39,640 --> 00:58:42,680
Speaker 3: with antibiotics, a lot of the good backies catch strays,

1032
00:58:42,920 --> 00:58:44,240
Speaker 3: they die in the crossfire.

1033
00:58:44,640 --> 00:58:48,120
Speaker 2: Well, yeah, and they also have restrictions about weight, so

1034
00:58:48,200 --> 00:58:51,280
Speaker 2: like they they they use the phrase normal weight on

1035
00:58:51,320 --> 00:58:53,560
Speaker 2: a couple of these, but that just means probably the

1036
00:58:53,600 --> 00:58:56,160
Speaker 2: BMI index, like you'd have to be in the green

1037
00:58:56,280 --> 00:58:57,120
Speaker 2: area or whatever.

1038
00:58:57,160 --> 00:58:59,080
Speaker 3: BMI is superflawed.

1039
00:58:58,720 --> 00:59:01,840
Speaker 2: Exactly exactly, but it's still like, if you're using that

1040
00:59:01,960 --> 00:59:04,360
Speaker 2: as your metrics, I can see why it's zero point

1041
00:59:04,440 --> 00:59:04,920
Speaker 2: one percent.

1042
00:59:05,680 --> 00:59:09,520
Speaker 3: I'm also wondering if it's something to do with microplastics,

1043
00:59:09,720 --> 00:59:13,480
Speaker 3: which have infiltrated everything. We still don't know what the

1044
00:59:13,600 --> 00:59:16,000
Speaker 3: long term effects or of those are going to be

1045
00:59:16,040 --> 00:59:19,280
Speaker 3: on over all human health. Not to sound too RFK

1046
00:59:19,520 --> 00:59:23,920
Speaker 3: Junior about it. I like McDonald's cheeseburgers much as the next.

1047
00:59:24,560 --> 00:59:28,000
Speaker 5: Yeah, but isn't it kind of like against OURFK Junior's

1048
00:59:28,040 --> 00:59:31,440
Speaker 5: brand to be housing cheeseburgers. I've seeing people saying it's

1049
00:59:31,480 --> 00:59:34,880
Speaker 5: sort of like when the drug dealer makes the cop

1050
00:59:35,080 --> 00:59:37,360
Speaker 5: do some drugs to prove that he's not a cop.

1051
00:59:37,880 --> 00:59:39,160
Speaker 3: Welcome to training day.

1052
00:59:39,400 --> 00:59:39,680
Speaker 4: Yeah.

1053
00:59:40,000 --> 00:59:42,560
Speaker 3: Also, was it a power move because it was clearly

1054
00:59:42,600 --> 00:59:43,360
Speaker 3: a photo op.

1055
00:59:43,560 --> 00:59:43,960
Speaker 4: I don't know.

1056
00:59:44,080 --> 00:59:48,160
Speaker 3: That's a different story. Oh the other knock on bad factor,

1057
00:59:48,560 --> 00:59:52,520
Speaker 3: our buddy, see diff is making out like gangbusters. So

1058
00:59:52,640 --> 00:59:56,360
Speaker 3: if you need this kind of treatment, let's exercise empathy.

1059
00:59:56,440 --> 00:59:58,480
Speaker 3: Let's think of the people who don't have a willing

1060
00:59:58,600 --> 01:00:02,280
Speaker 3: family member or part donor if you can't get a

1061
01:00:02,320 --> 01:00:07,800
Speaker 3: family member, they'll often suggest looking toward your partner because

1062
01:00:07,800 --> 01:00:10,840
Speaker 3: your partner, also by living with you, has a higher

1063
01:00:10,960 --> 01:00:14,280
Speaker 3: likelihood of not having you know, plot twist in their

1064
01:00:14,280 --> 01:00:17,000
Speaker 3: gut flora. But then, you know what if you can't

1065
01:00:17,000 --> 01:00:20,200
Speaker 3: get a poop plant procedure because you can't afford it

1066
01:00:20,280 --> 01:00:23,920
Speaker 3: with or without insurance. You know, insurance makes money in

1067
01:00:23,960 --> 01:00:26,720
Speaker 3: this country denying medical procedures.

1068
01:00:27,360 --> 01:00:27,920
Speaker 6: It's true.

1069
01:00:28,160 --> 01:00:28,960
Speaker 3: Is that fair to say?

1070
01:00:29,240 --> 01:00:30,640
Speaker 4: Oh, it's more than fair to say.

1071
01:00:32,000 --> 01:00:35,760
Speaker 3: Uh, well, Mammon and other economists would call this an

1072
01:00:35,760 --> 01:00:41,160
Speaker 3: inflection point of supply and demand. It's quick man in reference. Oh,

1073
01:00:41,200 --> 01:00:42,720
Speaker 3: absolutely warranted.

1074
01:00:42,920 --> 01:00:45,240
Speaker 5: But Ben, I'm speaking of, like, you know, procedures that

1075
01:00:45,280 --> 01:00:48,000
Speaker 5: an insurance company may or may not deny. I mean

1076
01:00:48,040 --> 01:00:50,360
Speaker 5: there is part of this the idea of a fecal

1077
01:00:50,400 --> 01:00:54,680
Speaker 5: transplant as a way of like preemptively improving.

1078
01:00:54,120 --> 01:00:55,520
Speaker 4: Your gut bacteria.

1079
01:00:55,960 --> 01:00:58,520
Speaker 5: That would probably be considered by an insurance company to

1080
01:00:58,600 --> 01:01:01,560
Speaker 5: be medically unnecessary in there for you know, paid for

1081
01:01:01,760 --> 01:01:05,720
Speaker 5: by the individual. But in the case of the seediff situation,

1082
01:01:06,120 --> 01:01:08,600
Speaker 5: I know that would be a life saving thing. So

1083
01:01:08,640 --> 01:01:12,480
Speaker 5: it's interesting how this kind of occupies those two spheres simultaneously.

1084
01:01:12,960 --> 01:01:16,160
Speaker 3: Yeah, man, our inflection point may well be a moment

1085
01:01:16,320 --> 01:01:20,360
Speaker 3: where we have more people who need good poop and

1086
01:01:20,480 --> 01:01:24,720
Speaker 3: fewer people who possess good poop, which is odd to

1087
01:01:24,760 --> 01:01:27,280
Speaker 3: think about. But you know, then there's the other question,

1088
01:01:27,600 --> 01:01:30,640
Speaker 3: what if the bad stuff evolves? The call is coming

1089
01:01:30,720 --> 01:01:38,600
Speaker 3: from inside your button. No, it's the cognitive neighborhood of dystopia, right,

1090
01:01:38,640 --> 01:01:42,640
Speaker 3: we talk about this bacteria is constantly evolving. Gut bacteria

1091
01:01:42,760 --> 01:01:45,920
Speaker 3: are it's these microbes are linked to good health, but

1092
01:01:45,960 --> 01:01:49,960
Speaker 3: then they also can be linked to auto immune disorders,

1093
01:01:50,400 --> 01:01:55,200
Speaker 3: metabolic syndrome IB. Yes, a lot of this is currently

1094
01:01:55,240 --> 01:01:59,520
Speaker 3: explained by something called sleaky gut.

1095
01:02:00,200 --> 01:02:04,720
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, I remember hearing about this. This leaky guts

1096
01:02:04,760 --> 01:02:07,200
Speaker 2: by the way, and this is great, just a call

1097
01:02:07,320 --> 01:02:09,760
Speaker 2: back to the Karen Reid trial. If anyone watched that

1098
01:02:09,880 --> 01:02:14,400
Speaker 2: where the some of the officers were sending text messages

1099
01:02:14,560 --> 01:02:18,200
Speaker 2: to each other about Karen Reid and about the symptoms

1100
01:02:18,240 --> 01:02:22,680
Speaker 2: that she had of some of those things you just described, like,

1101
01:02:23,200 --> 01:02:27,520
Speaker 2: you know, chronic inflammatory responses in your guts, which is horrible. Sorry,

1102
01:02:27,560 --> 01:02:29,160
Speaker 2: that's the last thing I thought about when I thought

1103
01:02:29,160 --> 01:02:31,920
Speaker 2: about this stuff. But leaky gut syndrome is where some

1104
01:02:31,960 --> 01:02:35,920
Speaker 2: of the bad bacteria actually goes in to your body.

1105
01:02:35,960 --> 01:02:38,640
Speaker 2: It's not it's not contained within that system. I'm like

1106
01:02:39,200 --> 01:02:43,160
Speaker 2: imagining the colon the intestines. It goes through into your

1107
01:02:43,360 --> 01:02:45,320
Speaker 2: you know, through the cell walls and stuff that's supposed

1108
01:02:45,320 --> 01:02:46,400
Speaker 2: to protect you.

1109
01:02:46,400 --> 01:02:50,760
Speaker 3: Can get into your organs, can get into other parts

1110
01:02:50,920 --> 01:02:55,120
Speaker 3: outside of the digestive factory line, right, and this can

1111
01:02:55,560 --> 01:03:00,640
Speaker 3: create these chronic inflammatory responses that are part and parcel

1112
01:03:00,800 --> 01:03:05,600
Speaker 3: of a variety of diseases. Apparently a lot of bacteria

1113
01:03:06,120 --> 01:03:12,360
Speaker 3: is indeed constantly evolving. Noah Palm, assistant professor of immunobiology

1114
01:03:12,480 --> 01:03:17,800
Speaker 3: at Yale, conducted this study where they found that when

1115
01:03:18,160 --> 01:03:21,160
Speaker 3: a lot of the bad bacteria is evolving, it's becoming

1116
01:03:21,200 --> 01:03:25,520
Speaker 3: more pathogenic because it's evolving to do just what you described, Matt,

1117
01:03:25,560 --> 01:03:30,880
Speaker 3: to migrate across the gut barrier, to persist in any

1118
01:03:31,080 --> 01:03:32,800
Speaker 3: organ you can imagine.

1119
01:03:33,720 --> 01:03:35,960
Speaker 2: Yeah, And like you said, sometimes it could be in

1120
01:03:36,040 --> 01:03:39,200
Speaker 2: there for ages and it's not hurting the host of

1121
01:03:39,280 --> 01:03:41,160
Speaker 2: the human being that is hanging out in but as

1122
01:03:41,160 --> 01:03:44,439
Speaker 2: soon as it exits that host, other people better watch out.

1123
01:03:45,240 --> 01:03:48,200
Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, exactly. So now we have a third challenging

1124
01:03:48,240 --> 01:03:52,120
Speaker 3: factor of play. Fewer healthy people one, more people in

1125
01:03:52,240 --> 01:03:55,480
Speaker 3: need of fecal transfer two And now the bad gut

1126
01:03:55,520 --> 01:03:59,439
Speaker 3: buddies are growing tougher and they're becoming more focused their

1127
01:03:59,480 --> 01:04:03,200
Speaker 3: scoping in I feel like it's such a pickoli guys.

1128
01:04:03,200 --> 01:04:08,840
Speaker 3: Because C. Dith spreads and proliferates in places with the

1129
01:04:08,840 --> 01:04:14,720
Speaker 3: most vulnerable people hospitals, elder care facilities. The antidote may

1130
01:04:14,800 --> 01:04:19,920
Speaker 3: become the poison. When we're talking about antibiotics, you know exactly.

1131
01:04:20,280 --> 01:04:22,000
Speaker 2: We've said it before on the show, but this it's

1132
01:04:22,040 --> 01:04:25,000
Speaker 2: what killed my grandfather. He went into the hospital, had

1133
01:04:25,040 --> 01:04:27,960
Speaker 2: a big procedure and ended up getting an infection that

1134
01:04:28,320 --> 01:04:32,080
Speaker 2: was untreatable and it killed him.

1135
01:04:32,320 --> 01:04:32,600
Speaker 6: And it was.

1136
01:04:32,800 --> 01:04:35,440
Speaker 2: It was this stuff. It was this like terrible bacteria

1137
01:04:35,480 --> 01:04:38,160
Speaker 2: that it ends up giving you sepsis where the bacteria

1138
01:04:38,600 --> 01:04:40,280
Speaker 2: the infection is now in your blood.

1139
01:04:39,960 --> 01:04:41,400
Speaker 6: Stream and there's nothing you can do.

1140
01:04:42,760 --> 01:04:43,840
Speaker 3: It's terrible, man.

1141
01:04:44,360 --> 01:04:45,240
Speaker 6: Sorry for that downer.

1142
01:04:45,440 --> 01:04:47,439
Speaker 2: The good thing one of the good There are good

1143
01:04:47,440 --> 01:04:50,840
Speaker 2: things though here, right the FDA. While this this whole

1144
01:04:50,840 --> 01:04:52,680
Speaker 2: thing like poop transplants are.

1145
01:04:52,800 --> 01:04:53,400
Speaker 4: A bit.

1146
01:04:56,800 --> 01:05:00,360
Speaker 2: It's got a new car smell, and uh, it's not

1147
01:05:00,480 --> 01:05:02,520
Speaker 2: like you can go to your doctor that you see

1148
01:05:02,560 --> 01:05:04,520
Speaker 2: every day and say I need one of these, or

1149
01:05:04,560 --> 01:05:07,760
Speaker 2: you know, even request one, or it's very unlikely your

1150
01:05:07,760 --> 01:05:09,560
Speaker 2: insurance is going to do anything for.

1151
01:05:09,440 --> 01:05:10,360
Speaker 6: You with those.

1152
01:05:10,680 --> 01:05:14,400
Speaker 2: But there are products that big pharma is coming up

1153
01:05:14,440 --> 01:05:17,800
Speaker 2: with that the FDA has approved over the past two years,

1154
01:05:18,360 --> 01:05:21,440
Speaker 2: so like there could be a silver lining.

1155
01:05:21,160 --> 01:05:26,800
Speaker 3: Here, silver gut lighting. Yeah, the FDA has approved fm

1156
01:05:26,880 --> 01:05:31,760
Speaker 3: T primarily to treat recurrency diff infections, so when other

1157
01:05:31,840 --> 01:05:35,560
Speaker 3: stuff doesn't work, you can go for this. It's not

1158
01:05:35,640 --> 01:05:39,960
Speaker 3: illegal to do so. The second nugget of good news

1159
01:05:40,240 --> 01:05:43,400
Speaker 3: is the more we're learning about the human gut, the

1160
01:05:43,440 --> 01:05:47,600
Speaker 3: more potential promise we see in fecal matter transfer NOLL.

1161
01:05:47,680 --> 01:05:50,880
Speaker 3: To your earlier point about the idea of it affecting

1162
01:05:51,040 --> 01:05:55,240
Speaker 3: mood or influencing behavior, there appears to be some scientific

1163
01:05:55,280 --> 01:05:58,040
Speaker 3: sand to that you know, as dead pres once observed,

1164
01:05:58,400 --> 01:06:04,720
Speaker 3: maybe we should let our food be our mad.

1165
01:06:03,760 --> 01:06:06,160
Speaker 6: Yeah, man, look up.

1166
01:06:06,400 --> 01:06:10,800
Speaker 2: I want to hear some verses that use these two

1167
01:06:10,920 --> 01:06:16,600
Speaker 2: terms ribiota and voust. Those are the two FDA approved

1168
01:06:16,760 --> 01:06:19,400
Speaker 2: drugs that are usually given rectally.

1169
01:06:19,480 --> 01:06:23,000
Speaker 3: I think, oh, my gosh, is there a group somewhere

1170
01:06:23,000 --> 01:06:25,920
Speaker 3: out there, a hip hop group called Big Parma? Oh,

1171
01:06:25,920 --> 01:06:30,400
Speaker 3: Big Pharma Sorry, Big Parma is my nickname for the

1172
01:06:30,400 --> 01:06:31,520
Speaker 3: Parmesan cartels.

1173
01:06:31,720 --> 01:06:33,080
Speaker 4: That's the parmesan cheese trade.

1174
01:06:33,200 --> 01:06:37,440
Speaker 3: Yes, so let us know if you have a Big

1175
01:06:37,800 --> 01:06:40,800
Speaker 3: Pharma mixtape on the way. Love them or hate them.

1176
01:06:40,880 --> 01:06:44,280
Speaker 3: Humans have a pretty great track record of creating wonderful

1177
01:06:44,320 --> 01:06:50,800
Speaker 3: things from gross circumstances. Again, not medical advice please, just

1178
01:06:50,880 --> 01:06:53,640
Speaker 3: on a common sense note, folks, don't try to put

1179
01:06:53,680 --> 01:06:57,680
Speaker 3: other people's poop inside you, and whenever you can, if possible,

1180
01:06:57,920 --> 01:07:01,160
Speaker 3: try to avoid putting your poop inside other people unless

1181
01:07:01,160 --> 01:07:02,560
Speaker 3: the doctor co signs it.

1182
01:07:02,920 --> 01:07:05,560
Speaker 6: You down with opp Yeah, you know.

1183
01:07:05,600 --> 01:07:10,000
Speaker 3: Me, what a little long this evening, but we would

1184
01:07:10,040 --> 01:07:12,880
Speaker 3: love to hear your thoughts, especially if you have experience

1185
01:07:12,920 --> 01:07:16,840
Speaker 3: with c DIFF or if you are a medical professional

1186
01:07:16,920 --> 01:07:20,280
Speaker 3: who has experience with FMT We try to be easy

1187
01:07:20,280 --> 01:07:21,240
Speaker 3: to find online.

1188
01:07:21,280 --> 01:07:22,760
Speaker 5: You can find us on the Internet of the handle

1189
01:07:22,800 --> 01:07:26,160
Speaker 5: conspiracy Stuff, where we exist, on Facebook with our Facebook

1190
01:07:26,200 --> 01:07:28,800
Speaker 5: group Here's when it gets crazy, on YouTube where we

1191
01:07:28,840 --> 01:07:33,520
Speaker 5: have video content color for your enjoyment, and on x FKA, Twitter,

1192
01:07:33,800 --> 01:07:38,320
Speaker 5: on Instagram and TikTok. However, we are Conspiracy Stuff Show now.

1193
01:07:38,320 --> 01:07:42,560
Speaker 2: Our number is one eight three three std WYTK.

1194
01:07:42,680 --> 01:07:43,520
Speaker 6: That's a phone number.

1195
01:07:43,600 --> 01:07:44,000
Speaker 4: Call it.

1196
01:07:44,000 --> 01:07:46,760
Speaker 2: It's a voicemail system. When you call it, give yourself

1197
01:07:46,760 --> 01:07:48,240
Speaker 2: a nickname and let us know if we can use

1198
01:07:48,280 --> 01:07:51,000
Speaker 2: your name and message on the air. If you've got

1199
01:07:51,080 --> 01:07:53,720
Speaker 2: more to tell us, they can't fit in a three

1200
01:07:53,760 --> 01:07:55,400
Speaker 2: minute voicemail. And you want to go on and on

1201
01:07:55,440 --> 01:07:58,720
Speaker 2: about open biome, why not send us an email.

1202
01:07:59,160 --> 01:08:03,000
Speaker 3: We are the entities that read every piece of correspondence

1203
01:08:03,040 --> 01:08:06,720
Speaker 3: we receive. It doesn't have to relate to Humanmicrobes dot org,

1204
01:08:06,800 --> 01:08:09,520
Speaker 3: but we would love to read any studies you find.

1205
01:08:10,040 --> 01:08:13,920
Speaker 3: You can also just send us some observations, jokes, leads

1206
01:08:13,960 --> 01:08:17,400
Speaker 3: for new episodes. Why did demand bring toilet paper to

1207
01:08:17,479 --> 01:08:21,920
Speaker 3: the party because he's a party pooper? Conspiracy at iHeartRadio

1208
01:08:22,040 --> 01:08:41,200
Speaker 3: dot com.

1209
01:08:41,400 --> 01:08:43,439
Speaker 2: Stuff they don't want you to know is a production

1210
01:08:43,560 --> 01:08:48,080
Speaker 2: of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app,

1211
01:08:48,160 --> 01:08:51,360
Speaker 2: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.