1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,560 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from how Stuff Works 2 00:00:04,600 --> 00:00:14,360 Speaker 1: dot com. You and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, 3 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:18,160 Speaker 1: and there's Charles W Chuck, Brian over there, and um, 4 00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:23,360 Speaker 1: there's Jerry and this is discussed and stuff you should 5 00:00:23,360 --> 00:00:27,520 Speaker 1: know about. Disgusted. You gotta say it like that. I'm 6 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:29,840 Speaker 1: excited about this one, Chuck, And I don't know why. 7 00:00:30,520 --> 00:00:32,640 Speaker 1: I have no idea. I think you do. If you 8 00:00:32,720 --> 00:00:35,159 Speaker 1: stopped and really thought about that's fine, that's fine. But 9 00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:38,120 Speaker 1: if you stopped and thought about it, you would say, yes, 10 00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:40,960 Speaker 1: I know exactly why, Josh. And it is as follows 11 00:00:41,360 --> 00:00:45,959 Speaker 1: colon quotes, because this is one of those things that 12 00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:48,720 Speaker 1: science hasn't fully explained, which means there's a lot of 13 00:00:48,760 --> 00:00:51,120 Speaker 1: interesting theories, which means we just get to like talk 14 00:00:51,159 --> 00:00:54,680 Speaker 1: smack the whole time. It's interesting. This is one of 15 00:00:54,760 --> 00:00:57,120 Speaker 1: those where I was reading it and I was I mean, 16 00:00:57,120 --> 00:00:58,800 Speaker 1: it was sort of interesting, But then I was like, 17 00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:04,280 Speaker 1: why wouldn't wouldn't even study this? I I that's I mean, 18 00:01:04,319 --> 00:01:07,000 Speaker 1: that's a good question. That's a good question. I think 19 00:01:07,040 --> 00:01:09,319 Speaker 1: one of the reasons that I'm fascinated by it, and 20 00:01:09,360 --> 00:01:11,840 Speaker 1: that I'm sure one of the reasons these I mean 21 00:01:11,880 --> 00:01:15,200 Speaker 1: to to dedicate your career to studying disgust. It is 22 00:01:15,280 --> 00:01:19,400 Speaker 1: kind of a bizarre idea. But one of the main 23 00:01:19,520 --> 00:01:23,000 Speaker 1: researchers in the study of discussing a guy named Paul Rosen. 24 00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:26,760 Speaker 1: He's kind of like the godfather, maybe even the father 25 00:01:26,880 --> 00:01:31,760 Speaker 1: of the field. Yeah here, but he's been doing it 26 00:01:31,800 --> 00:01:35,240 Speaker 1: longer than anybody, so he's the He's the pappy um 27 00:01:35,280 --> 00:01:38,759 Speaker 1: as they say in the Hills. Uh. He has said 28 00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:43,640 Speaker 1: that to him, discussed is the thing, the emotion, the 29 00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:48,760 Speaker 1: experience that makes humans human, that that it is discussed 30 00:01:48,760 --> 00:01:51,800 Speaker 1: that separates us from the other animals that were sure 31 00:01:51,840 --> 00:01:55,000 Speaker 1: the animal kingdom with so much so that we actually 32 00:01:55,040 --> 00:01:59,080 Speaker 1: may use discussed to separate ourselves from the rest of 33 00:01:59,120 --> 00:02:03,880 Speaker 1: the animals. Okay, that's pretty fascinating and it's worth exploring too, 34 00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:06,080 Speaker 1: because I think it says a lot about us as 35 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:11,400 Speaker 1: as humans and as animals. So that's why that's the 36 00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:14,400 Speaker 1: answer your question. How about that? All? Right? Now, I 37 00:02:14,440 --> 00:02:16,520 Speaker 1: get why somebody would want to study I guess I'm 38 00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:20,720 Speaker 1: talking about allocating funds to study it. Oh, gotcha. It 39 00:02:20,720 --> 00:02:23,600 Speaker 1: just seems like a strange thing to sink money into. Well, 40 00:02:23,600 --> 00:02:25,560 Speaker 1: I mean, if the humanities are going to sink money 41 00:02:25,600 --> 00:02:28,480 Speaker 1: into anything. What makes us the most human would be 42 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:31,839 Speaker 1: that make it? It makes sense according to one guy, Right, 43 00:02:33,280 --> 00:02:36,600 Speaker 1: I love it. Let's talk about gross things. Okay, so 44 00:02:36,639 --> 00:02:39,400 Speaker 1: we're going to so so this, this whole idea of 45 00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:43,680 Speaker 1: studying it, of studying disgust is actually pretty new. Um. 46 00:02:43,919 --> 00:02:47,560 Speaker 1: Rosen didn't really start until like the seventies, and it 47 00:02:47,600 --> 00:02:50,240 Speaker 1: wasn't until the nineties that it really got it really 48 00:02:50,280 --> 00:02:52,840 Speaker 1: picked up, um, which will kind of get into. But 49 00:02:52,919 --> 00:02:56,440 Speaker 1: prior to that, it was basically just philosophers who who 50 00:02:56,440 --> 00:03:00,160 Speaker 1: were talking about disgust. Right, Yes, I think, uh, I'm 51 00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:01,960 Speaker 1: not sure about studying, but at least as far as 52 00:03:02,800 --> 00:03:04,400 Speaker 1: I think, it seems to me like it was more 53 00:03:04,440 --> 00:03:07,120 Speaker 1: of a like where's the boundary as far as what 54 00:03:07,160 --> 00:03:09,040 Speaker 1: can we write about? What can we talk about, and 55 00:03:09,040 --> 00:03:12,760 Speaker 1: what can we perform and still sell books and tickets? 56 00:03:13,680 --> 00:03:16,440 Speaker 1: Right Like we want we want people to to be 57 00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:19,600 Speaker 1: tantalized at the thought of being grossed out or disgusted, 58 00:03:19,680 --> 00:03:23,720 Speaker 1: but not actually be disgusted. And it's a fine line 59 00:03:23,760 --> 00:03:26,800 Speaker 1: that's walked, you know, no, of course, and it's subjective, 60 00:03:27,400 --> 00:03:30,280 Speaker 1: it is. But the other thing about discussed that's pretty 61 00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:32,920 Speaker 1: interesting is it also appears to be universal. It's like 62 00:03:32,960 --> 00:03:37,280 Speaker 1: it's a universal reaction. But what discuss people is not universal. 63 00:03:37,320 --> 00:03:40,880 Speaker 1: It's culturally bound, I guess right, maybe personal too, sure, 64 00:03:41,280 --> 00:03:45,160 Speaker 1: I think totally personal. So the the overtime, like as 65 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:47,960 Speaker 1: you know, discussed kind of moved out of the realm 66 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:51,280 Speaker 1: of philosophers and into science. Um. There were a couple 67 00:03:51,320 --> 00:03:53,720 Speaker 1: of people who kind of made contributions early on in 68 00:03:53,760 --> 00:03:57,480 Speaker 1: the field. One was Charles Darwin. He wrote a treatise 69 00:03:57,520 --> 00:04:00,280 Speaker 1: on it, and his big thing was that disc gust 70 00:04:00,440 --> 00:04:04,080 Speaker 1: was related to taste, which is true to an extent, 71 00:04:04,520 --> 00:04:07,200 Speaker 1: but that was Darwin's big thing. And then later on 72 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:12,000 Speaker 1: there was a guy, a psychoanalyst named andrews ang y'all. 73 00:04:12,680 --> 00:04:17,760 Speaker 1: And ANDREWS. Sangiel basically said that, um, no, no, no, 74 00:04:17,880 --> 00:04:21,120 Speaker 1: discussed is not really related to taste. It's the it 75 00:04:21,240 --> 00:04:24,120 Speaker 1: comes from the idea or the thought of putting something 76 00:04:24,320 --> 00:04:28,320 Speaker 1: horrific into the mouth, which again kind of makes sense 77 00:04:28,360 --> 00:04:31,520 Speaker 1: to a certain extent. But then when Rosen and friends 78 00:04:31,600 --> 00:04:34,440 Speaker 1: came along, it really started to take off and they 79 00:04:34,440 --> 00:04:38,640 Speaker 1: actually managed to kind of categorize disgust into a few categories, 80 00:04:39,080 --> 00:04:41,839 Speaker 1: which is what you do when you categorize things. Yeah, 81 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:44,760 Speaker 1: there's uh, the first one is core discussed, and that's 82 00:04:44,760 --> 00:04:48,479 Speaker 1: what you think of if you like, you know, if 83 00:04:48,480 --> 00:04:51,360 Speaker 1: poop er, I mean, everyone has their own triggers, but 84 00:04:51,400 --> 00:04:56,120 Speaker 1: if like vomit or feces or like a like in 85 00:04:56,279 --> 00:04:59,960 Speaker 1: trails or something like, that's cord discussed. That's an encounter 86 00:05:00,760 --> 00:05:05,680 Speaker 1: with some sort of like physical contaminant that makes you, 87 00:05:05,680 --> 00:05:09,320 Speaker 1: you know, make that face right, and that face specifically. 88 00:05:09,360 --> 00:05:13,400 Speaker 1: That's another universal thing too, apparently the faces. It's called 89 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:16,359 Speaker 1: the gape, which is your mouth is open, your tongue 90 00:05:16,400 --> 00:05:19,400 Speaker 1: may or may not be sticking out, your nose is wrinkled, 91 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:22,440 Speaker 1: and your upper lip is is raised. And just like 92 00:05:22,480 --> 00:05:25,080 Speaker 1: I don't do that with my mouth open, though, so 93 00:05:25,200 --> 00:05:27,280 Speaker 1: you just kind of do the the nose wrinkle in 94 00:05:27,320 --> 00:05:31,640 Speaker 1: the upper lip. I guess like this, but I don't 95 00:05:31,640 --> 00:05:34,360 Speaker 1: open my mouth. So that's why I sort of like, 96 00:05:34,600 --> 00:05:35,960 Speaker 1: I don't know when it comes to stuff like this, 97 00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:38,800 Speaker 1: I'm a little when they make these sweeping statements like 98 00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:43,159 Speaker 1: everyone makes this face. Well, everyone may make a variation 99 00:05:43,200 --> 00:05:47,039 Speaker 1: of a face of like kind of there's like a 100 00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:52,400 Speaker 1: universal set of of characteristics to the face that you 101 00:05:52,440 --> 00:05:54,720 Speaker 1: could choose from that would fall into disgust like that. 102 00:05:55,400 --> 00:05:57,360 Speaker 1: I don't know if you choose anything but maybe your 103 00:05:57,440 --> 00:05:59,880 Speaker 1: natural reaction. But like I don't open my mouth, and 104 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:02,800 Speaker 1: when I read that, like everyone opens their mouth like, no, 105 00:06:02,839 --> 00:06:05,719 Speaker 1: that's not true. So um that I think one of 106 00:06:05,760 --> 00:06:08,240 Speaker 1: the reasons why there is like this idea of it 107 00:06:08,279 --> 00:06:12,560 Speaker 1: being universal is because evolutionary psychology is we'll see has 108 00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:15,120 Speaker 1: said like, yes, this is our realm, We've got this, 109 00:06:15,240 --> 00:06:18,680 Speaker 1: We're gonna explain this one, and to fully explain it, 110 00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:21,599 Speaker 1: it basically has to be universal. So I think that's 111 00:06:21,600 --> 00:06:24,640 Speaker 1: another thing about the point where the study of disgust 112 00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:27,080 Speaker 1: is right now, Like there's a lot of good ideas, 113 00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:29,440 Speaker 1: some of which have kind of been shown to be 114 00:06:29,560 --> 00:06:33,120 Speaker 1: probably true thanks to the Wonder Machine, but it's still 115 00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:36,720 Speaker 1: it's not fully explained, and so there are some ideas 116 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:40,479 Speaker 1: and descriptions that make it seem kind of wacky too, right, Yeah, 117 00:06:40,520 --> 00:06:44,120 Speaker 1: for sure. Um. That second kind of discussed getting back 118 00:06:44,160 --> 00:06:48,240 Speaker 1: to that was animal nature discussed, which is apparently these 119 00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:51,920 Speaker 1: are things that in anything that reminds us that we're 120 00:06:51,960 --> 00:06:54,520 Speaker 1: really animals, and that that could there could be a 121 00:06:54,600 --> 00:06:57,800 Speaker 1: wide range of things they're from, Like some people think 122 00:06:57,920 --> 00:07:02,480 Speaker 1: people eating with the hands is disgusting, and I think 123 00:07:02,520 --> 00:07:05,680 Speaker 1: that would qualify under animal nature because like you're eating 124 00:07:05,720 --> 00:07:09,960 Speaker 1: like an animal. Let's say, um, sex uh, and we'll 125 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:12,760 Speaker 1: get into that more later. But apparently there's a baseline 126 00:07:13,200 --> 00:07:17,120 Speaker 1: discussed for sex, which I'm not so sure about that 127 00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:21,560 Speaker 1: one either. And then hygiene, uh is another one. Poor 128 00:07:21,640 --> 00:07:25,880 Speaker 1: hygiene is the animal nature discussed. Yeah, And another one 129 00:07:25,960 --> 00:07:28,680 Speaker 1: is the like, like you said, entrails something that's called 130 00:07:28,720 --> 00:07:34,360 Speaker 1: the um, the body envelope, the ideal body envelope being violated, 131 00:07:34,360 --> 00:07:37,760 Speaker 1: whether it's like there's a deformity or there is like 132 00:07:37,880 --> 00:07:41,360 Speaker 1: some sort of um, like an open wound or something 133 00:07:41,400 --> 00:07:45,000 Speaker 1: like that. They think that this whole animal nature thing, 134 00:07:45,160 --> 00:07:48,040 Speaker 1: that all these things remind us that we are animals, 135 00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:52,840 Speaker 1: and that discussed can be triggered by um, that reminder 136 00:07:52,960 --> 00:07:55,320 Speaker 1: that we are that we are in fact animals, which 137 00:07:55,360 --> 00:07:57,480 Speaker 1: is kind of weird, but we'll get into explanations for 138 00:07:57,520 --> 00:08:01,000 Speaker 1: that later. I can't wait. That's right. And the final 139 00:08:01,040 --> 00:08:04,600 Speaker 1: one is moral discussed, which uh. And this is one 140 00:08:04,640 --> 00:08:08,400 Speaker 1: where you know, you can be disgusted with someone's behavior 141 00:08:08,840 --> 00:08:13,560 Speaker 1: or uh, you know, disgusted with like something a politician does, 142 00:08:13,680 --> 00:08:18,160 Speaker 1: or disgusted with racism or bigotry something like that. Right, 143 00:08:18,720 --> 00:08:20,760 Speaker 1: And that one makes like the least amount of sense 144 00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:22,640 Speaker 1: if you think about it like that. Okay, the first 145 00:08:22,680 --> 00:08:25,240 Speaker 1: two were just kind of like, all right, we're like, 146 00:08:25,280 --> 00:08:28,760 Speaker 1: it's animal related. We might have issues with being animals, 147 00:08:28,800 --> 00:08:31,360 Speaker 1: so we're we're kind of disgusted by ourselves at the 148 00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:33,800 Speaker 1: thought that we're animals. Maybe it's a bit more of 149 00:08:33,800 --> 00:08:36,760 Speaker 1: a stretch than that Core discussed, Like Core discussed makes 150 00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:41,080 Speaker 1: the most sense out of all of them. Agreed. Uh, yeah, 151 00:08:41,200 --> 00:08:43,720 Speaker 1: And I don't even think that the moral discussed. I 152 00:08:43,760 --> 00:08:46,959 Speaker 1: think that's a different type of thing altogether. So that 153 00:08:46,960 --> 00:08:50,360 Speaker 1: that other people have proposed that that like they're like 154 00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:53,280 Speaker 1: some people have said, well English speakers are just misusing 155 00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:57,240 Speaker 1: the word discussed. They're talking right. Well, they've done they've 156 00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:00,960 Speaker 1: done studies of people in the Wonder Machine that shows 157 00:09:01,520 --> 00:09:05,760 Speaker 1: that the region of the brain, the anterior insula that's 158 00:09:05,840 --> 00:09:09,000 Speaker 1: usually um, that usually lights up when you're shown a 159 00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:11,920 Speaker 1: picture of like dog poop and said you're gonna eat this, 160 00:09:12,120 --> 00:09:15,640 Speaker 1: you know, your your anterior insula lights up. That same 161 00:09:15,679 --> 00:09:19,520 Speaker 1: region lights up when people are disgusted with um other 162 00:09:19,600 --> 00:09:23,320 Speaker 1: people morally, Like remember the ultimatum game. I don't remember 163 00:09:23,320 --> 00:09:24,800 Speaker 1: it used to come up all the time back in 164 00:09:24,840 --> 00:09:28,800 Speaker 1: the day in our episodes. But so if somebody was 165 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:31,920 Speaker 1: given a really really low offer to take it or 166 00:09:31,960 --> 00:09:35,079 Speaker 1: leave it, offer that was so low and so unfair 167 00:09:35,120 --> 00:09:37,480 Speaker 1: that the person said, I'm just leaving it. I actually 168 00:09:37,600 --> 00:09:40,880 Speaker 1: don't want this free money because I find it insulting. 169 00:09:41,480 --> 00:09:44,720 Speaker 1: That same part of the brain that that is triggered 170 00:09:44,760 --> 00:09:49,439 Speaker 1: by um, like fecal disgust, is also triggered UM, which 171 00:09:49,480 --> 00:09:52,720 Speaker 1: supports the idea that there actually is a moral dimension 172 00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:55,959 Speaker 1: to disgust and that we experience it in the same way. 173 00:09:56,640 --> 00:09:59,040 Speaker 1: That's interesting. It is interesting, but it is like the 174 00:09:59,679 --> 00:10:02,800 Speaker 1: it's the most tenuous of those three, I think. So 175 00:10:02,960 --> 00:10:04,760 Speaker 1: the way this all started out there there are a 176 00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:07,839 Speaker 1: bunch of theories, but it makes sense that it might 177 00:10:07,880 --> 00:10:13,680 Speaker 1: have ah been sort of an offshoot of distaste, which is, 178 00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:17,040 Speaker 1: you know, your body is conditioned thanks to you know, 179 00:10:17,160 --> 00:10:22,160 Speaker 1: evolution too. If you eat something that's bitter or rotten, 180 00:10:22,640 --> 00:10:26,040 Speaker 1: like your instinct, your taste instinct is to throw it 181 00:10:26,040 --> 00:10:28,560 Speaker 1: out and get rid of it. Uh, And it's a 182 00:10:28,559 --> 00:10:32,079 Speaker 1: defense mechanism to save your life. And so the idea 183 00:10:32,160 --> 00:10:35,680 Speaker 1: is that discuss developed out of that and that it's 184 00:10:35,760 --> 00:10:40,040 Speaker 1: just simply an evolutionary trait. Uh that could have you know, 185 00:10:40,080 --> 00:10:43,920 Speaker 1: saved took Tok's life, you know, however many years ago. Yeah, 186 00:10:43,960 --> 00:10:47,960 Speaker 1: and there's there's evidence apparently that this this distaste, which 187 00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:51,959 Speaker 1: is basically is in an involuntary reaction, is like dropping 188 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:54,920 Speaker 1: something that's hot, like you don't stop and think like wow, 189 00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:58,560 Speaker 1: this cooking pan is about five on the five fifty 190 00:10:58,559 --> 00:11:00,360 Speaker 1: degrees fair at height, and then you'd drop it. I 191 00:11:00,400 --> 00:11:02,640 Speaker 1: should probably drop it like you just dropped the pant. 192 00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:06,120 Speaker 1: Distaste is the same exact thing, and they've actually seen 193 00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:09,960 Speaker 1: it elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Um, So we've probably 194 00:11:10,040 --> 00:11:13,040 Speaker 1: experienced distaste since before we were humans, and it's just 195 00:11:13,520 --> 00:11:16,400 Speaker 1: spitting something out that doesn't seem right in a in 196 00:11:16,480 --> 00:11:20,880 Speaker 1: a um an effort to I guess, keep the body 197 00:11:20,960 --> 00:11:24,079 Speaker 1: from becoming polluted with disease, right, And they think that 198 00:11:24,240 --> 00:11:28,840 Speaker 1: distaste somehow became a behavior that was laid over this 199 00:11:29,520 --> 00:11:33,800 Speaker 1: I'm sorry discussed has was a behavior that became laid 200 00:11:33,840 --> 00:11:37,559 Speaker 1: over this existing structure of distaste. Yeah, And that's interesting 201 00:11:37,559 --> 00:11:41,040 Speaker 1: to me because that means that it becomes all of 202 00:11:41,120 --> 00:11:43,880 Speaker 1: a sudden, It's not like you have to eat poop 203 00:11:44,440 --> 00:11:47,720 Speaker 1: to be disgusted, like the mere sight of poop now 204 00:11:48,200 --> 00:11:53,280 Speaker 1: can discuss somebody, uh, and that just happened over time, 205 00:11:53,320 --> 00:11:56,679 Speaker 1: I think. So that is why Rosen says this is, 206 00:11:56,760 --> 00:12:01,360 Speaker 1: like discussed, is the defining characteristic of human entity, because 207 00:12:01,760 --> 00:12:05,920 Speaker 1: they suspect that other animals, at the very least almost 208 00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:10,439 Speaker 1: all other animals don't have the cognitive capacity to use 209 00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:14,800 Speaker 1: their imagination to imagine themselves eating poop and see in 210 00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:18,040 Speaker 1: and being disgusted by it as a result. Right, So 211 00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:22,040 Speaker 1: that's why they say discussed separates humans from from animals, 212 00:12:22,080 --> 00:12:26,720 Speaker 1: because it requires imagination to go from an involuntary reaction 213 00:12:26,760 --> 00:12:29,800 Speaker 1: of spitting out food to not even getting to the 214 00:12:29,800 --> 00:12:31,439 Speaker 1: point where the food is in your mouth. You can 215 00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:34,600 Speaker 1: imagine that you would have that reaction and experience the 216 00:12:34,640 --> 00:12:38,080 Speaker 1: emotion of disgust. So you don't have to go through 217 00:12:38,120 --> 00:12:41,640 Speaker 1: that process, that actually very dangerous process of eating something 218 00:12:42,040 --> 00:12:44,400 Speaker 1: rotten to figure out that you shouldn't be eating it. 219 00:12:44,440 --> 00:12:47,280 Speaker 1: You can imagine it beforehand. And that's the function that 220 00:12:47,320 --> 00:12:51,760 Speaker 1: discussed at least core discussed provides humanity. It advances us. 221 00:12:52,040 --> 00:12:54,160 Speaker 1: We don't have to learn through trial and error over 222 00:12:54,200 --> 00:12:56,560 Speaker 1: and over again not to eat rotting meat. We just 223 00:12:56,679 --> 00:12:59,599 Speaker 1: know on some very basic level that that is a 224 00:12:59,640 --> 00:13:02,240 Speaker 1: disgusting thing to do when we have a reaction to it. 225 00:13:02,440 --> 00:13:04,679 Speaker 1: Are you want to take a break? Yeah, all right, everyone, 226 00:13:04,720 --> 00:13:07,760 Speaker 1: we're gonna be right back right after this with more disgust. 227 00:13:19,760 --> 00:13:22,320 Speaker 1: So I think we should go back to Took took 228 00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:26,040 Speaker 1: um and just like how this actually may have worked 229 00:13:26,040 --> 00:13:28,679 Speaker 1: back in the day. Uh, let's say Took Took and 230 00:13:29,320 --> 00:13:34,640 Speaker 1: his buddy mock Mock are strolling along the tundra. You know, Chuck, 231 00:13:34,760 --> 00:13:37,400 Speaker 1: after eleven years, I am surprised that we have a 232 00:13:37,400 --> 00:13:41,319 Speaker 1: new character, and I'm very pleased. Yeah, well, don't get 233 00:13:41,400 --> 00:13:44,080 Speaker 1: used to him, because mack Mok is he's about to 234 00:13:44,120 --> 00:13:47,959 Speaker 1: die for mock mom. So it Took Took and mack 235 00:13:48,040 --> 00:13:52,280 Speaker 1: mak are walking along the tundra. Um they find a 236 00:13:52,280 --> 00:13:58,080 Speaker 1: an old dead antelope, and mock Mock is like, well, 237 00:13:58,200 --> 00:14:00,719 Speaker 1: this doesn't smell great, but I'll tell you what, I'm 238 00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:03,880 Speaker 1: gonna eat this thing because I don't have this genetic 239 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:08,640 Speaker 1: trait because my mom eat this stuff. Uh, and it's fine, 240 00:14:09,120 --> 00:14:11,719 Speaker 1: and Took Tooks like, I don't know, my friend, it 241 00:14:11,800 --> 00:14:15,480 Speaker 1: looks and smells gross. Um, I do have this genetic trait, 242 00:14:15,880 --> 00:14:18,480 Speaker 1: So I'm gonna pass on that, So mock Mak's like, 243 00:14:18,559 --> 00:14:21,479 Speaker 1: you're a sucker. I'm gonna chow down on this rotten antelope. 244 00:14:21,800 --> 00:14:24,920 Speaker 1: And then mock Mock gets sick and dies before mack 245 00:14:25,040 --> 00:14:28,280 Speaker 1: Mak can have any babies. And then if this happens 246 00:14:29,240 --> 00:14:32,600 Speaker 1: thousands and tens of thousands of times over a huge population, 247 00:14:33,080 --> 00:14:35,640 Speaker 1: you can see how over time it would be like 248 00:14:35,720 --> 00:14:40,760 Speaker 1: any physical evolutionary trait that might evolve over time, and 249 00:14:40,760 --> 00:14:44,600 Speaker 1: all of a sudden, Tuk Tuk's family is thriving today 250 00:14:44,760 --> 00:14:48,280 Speaker 1: in the United States, all healthy descendants of Took Took 251 00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:51,880 Speaker 1: and mock Mok is long gone, right, And because Tuk 252 00:14:51,880 --> 00:14:54,880 Speaker 1: Tuk was able to pass along his genes of being 253 00:14:54,920 --> 00:14:59,360 Speaker 1: disgusted by rotten meat, and mock Mock died before he 254 00:14:59,400 --> 00:15:02,520 Speaker 1: could pass his genes of not being discussed along, So 255 00:15:02,720 --> 00:15:07,520 Speaker 1: nature or natural selection or revolution selected for for Tuk 256 00:15:07,560 --> 00:15:10,640 Speaker 1: Tuk's right right, And Tuk Tuk was a prolific lover, 257 00:15:10,960 --> 00:15:14,400 Speaker 1: as we all know. And I imagine mock Mock in 258 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:20,600 Speaker 1: his dying words gasping, I regret never having seen the ocean. Probably, 259 00:15:20,640 --> 00:15:24,760 Speaker 1: so it's a good Mock Mock. Everyone doesn't know, but 260 00:15:24,880 --> 00:15:30,240 Speaker 1: it's true that was so chuck um. That's the that's 261 00:15:30,280 --> 00:15:36,400 Speaker 1: the evolutionary psychology basis for explaining how disgust came along 262 00:15:36,440 --> 00:15:38,720 Speaker 1: and was passed along, right, And it makes sense on 263 00:15:38,760 --> 00:15:42,200 Speaker 1: a very basic level, but it starts to get less 264 00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:44,600 Speaker 1: and less sensible, as you've already pointed out, as we 265 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:49,000 Speaker 1: start to add more and more inputs of disgust. Right, like, yes, 266 00:15:49,080 --> 00:15:53,760 Speaker 1: it makes sense that either uh, somehow the idea of 267 00:15:53,920 --> 00:15:57,520 Speaker 1: not eating meat was passed along, either genetically or even 268 00:15:57,560 --> 00:15:59,920 Speaker 1: you could say tuk Tuk went back to the hunter 269 00:16:00,040 --> 00:16:02,600 Speaker 1: gather tribe and said, hey, let me tell you what 270 00:16:02,640 --> 00:16:05,240 Speaker 1: happened to mock Mark. It was crazy. He ate some 271 00:16:05,640 --> 00:16:08,120 Speaker 1: rancid antelope, which I guess we all kind of thought 272 00:16:08,200 --> 00:16:09,680 Speaker 1: was okay up to this point. But let me tell 273 00:16:09,680 --> 00:16:13,040 Speaker 1: you steer clear of the ransid antelope. You don't want 274 00:16:13,040 --> 00:16:14,880 Speaker 1: to have anything to do that because it just killed 275 00:16:14,920 --> 00:16:18,680 Speaker 1: moch Mock and everyone trusting took took and not just 276 00:16:18,720 --> 00:16:20,880 Speaker 1: assuming that he hit mock Mock with a rock or 277 00:16:20,960 --> 00:16:23,360 Speaker 1: something out in the wilderness and left him to die, 278 00:16:23,400 --> 00:16:26,480 Speaker 1: that he actually did die from eating antelope. This became 279 00:16:26,560 --> 00:16:28,920 Speaker 1: passed along. This is another way it could have happened, 280 00:16:29,440 --> 00:16:33,120 Speaker 1: and that this like ancient knowledge. We just lost, um 281 00:16:33,200 --> 00:16:35,680 Speaker 1: where the ancient knowledge came from that was actually took 282 00:16:35,680 --> 00:16:38,200 Speaker 1: took seeing mock mak die, and instead it just became 283 00:16:38,280 --> 00:16:40,960 Speaker 1: something that, um, we came to think of as like 284 00:16:41,120 --> 00:16:44,000 Speaker 1: instinct over time you just don't eat rancid meat. But 285 00:16:44,080 --> 00:16:46,520 Speaker 1: really what it is, rather than being passed along genetically, 286 00:16:46,800 --> 00:16:50,280 Speaker 1: it was am I guess a meme uh an idea 287 00:16:50,440 --> 00:16:54,320 Speaker 1: that was passed along generation to generation and it became 288 00:16:54,360 --> 00:16:58,000 Speaker 1: so ingrained that we just confuse it for genes or 289 00:16:58,160 --> 00:17:00,560 Speaker 1: instinct as well, which is another ex nation of it. 290 00:17:00,800 --> 00:17:03,320 Speaker 1: But both of them have like an evolutionary component to 291 00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:06,200 Speaker 1: it for sure. Yeah, and then over time that even 292 00:17:06,280 --> 00:17:11,000 Speaker 1: changes to where, um, like it's not like humans, Like 293 00:17:11,080 --> 00:17:13,280 Speaker 1: let's talk about a human body, then like a dead 294 00:17:13,520 --> 00:17:16,600 Speaker 1: a dead human body, a corpse. Let me get my 295 00:17:16,640 --> 00:17:20,520 Speaker 1: poking stick. Well, you probably wouldn't poke it because your 296 00:17:20,560 --> 00:17:23,720 Speaker 1: evolutionary instinct is to probably just stay away from that body. Well, 297 00:17:23,720 --> 00:17:25,800 Speaker 1: that's so the stick is for. And it's not just 298 00:17:25,880 --> 00:17:29,680 Speaker 1: because like well it maybe partially because a dead body 299 00:17:29,720 --> 00:17:32,440 Speaker 1: just might creep someone out, but there's also an evolutionary 300 00:17:32,480 --> 00:17:35,720 Speaker 1: basis to avoid that body, get it out of the house. 301 00:17:36,600 --> 00:17:40,840 Speaker 1: And bury it because it's may have been diseased. Uh 302 00:17:40,840 --> 00:17:43,000 Speaker 1: And they've even done studies. There was a study in 303 00:17:43,359 --> 00:17:48,080 Speaker 1: two thousand four in Biology Letters, just the greatest teen 304 00:17:48,160 --> 00:17:53,679 Speaker 1: science mag out there, Tiger Beat in Biological Scientists. Uh So, 305 00:17:53,760 --> 00:17:56,600 Speaker 1: Biology Letters said that they didn't study where they found 306 00:17:56,640 --> 00:17:59,520 Speaker 1: the images of objects that held what was called a 307 00:17:59,560 --> 00:18:03,800 Speaker 1: potential disease threat. We're rated as more disgusting. So this 308 00:18:03,880 --> 00:18:07,720 Speaker 1: is just the idea that um again, because of evolution, 309 00:18:07,800 --> 00:18:15,600 Speaker 1: we are have trained ourselves to avoid somebody who looks sick. Okay, 310 00:18:15,640 --> 00:18:18,120 Speaker 1: now we get to another big chink in the armor. 311 00:18:18,119 --> 00:18:20,760 Speaker 1: If you ask me, where did we get the idea 312 00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:24,560 Speaker 1: that a body caused disease and that you could become 313 00:18:24,600 --> 00:18:29,400 Speaker 1: polluted by some weird magical transference of this disease by 314 00:18:29,440 --> 00:18:32,240 Speaker 1: handling or coming in close contact with the body like 315 00:18:32,320 --> 00:18:35,640 Speaker 1: pre germ theory. Pre germ theory. Germ theory is very new. 316 00:18:36,080 --> 00:18:38,359 Speaker 1: It's about a hundred and fifty years old. Almost on 317 00:18:38,480 --> 00:18:42,280 Speaker 1: the nose. We're talking about people's aversion to dead bodies 318 00:18:42,320 --> 00:18:46,000 Speaker 1: and corpses for eons before that, hundreds of years, if 319 00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:48,800 Speaker 1: not thousands and thousands of years, right, maybe even more 320 00:18:48,920 --> 00:18:53,159 Speaker 1: like what if like, I mean, what if someone just 321 00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:58,000 Speaker 1: going to like back in the day where people like, 322 00:18:58,240 --> 00:18:59,840 Speaker 1: oh that's great, come here and give me, give me 323 00:18:59,880 --> 00:19:02,840 Speaker 1: some sugar, right, or were people always sort of repulse 324 00:19:02,920 --> 00:19:05,639 Speaker 1: by that? Yeah, I I don't know, and we we 325 00:19:05,720 --> 00:19:07,600 Speaker 1: don't We don't know. We can't say. We can only 326 00:19:07,600 --> 00:19:10,159 Speaker 1: go as far back as any like historical reference as 327 00:19:10,200 --> 00:19:11,920 Speaker 1: we can find. But you can make a pretty good 328 00:19:11,920 --> 00:19:15,960 Speaker 1: case that an aversion to to something like that or 329 00:19:16,240 --> 00:19:19,920 Speaker 1: a dead body goes back much further than germ theory. 330 00:19:20,480 --> 00:19:22,760 Speaker 1: So you you come to that question, where do we 331 00:19:22,800 --> 00:19:25,480 Speaker 1: get this idea? Where do we get this understanding on 332 00:19:25,520 --> 00:19:29,760 Speaker 1: a very basic fundamental level that corpses are to be 333 00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:32,760 Speaker 1: avoided so much so that we are disgusted by them. 334 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:35,320 Speaker 1: And even if you're not disgusted, like I want to 335 00:19:35,320 --> 00:19:38,200 Speaker 1: wretch if I see a dead body in person, which 336 00:19:38,359 --> 00:19:40,280 Speaker 1: may be surprised. I think a lot of people would 337 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:42,600 Speaker 1: be very surprised that if they actually did see a 338 00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:46,240 Speaker 1: dead body, they would be they would probably wretch. That 339 00:19:46,359 --> 00:19:49,680 Speaker 1: depends on you know, what's going on the state it's in. Yeah, 340 00:19:49,760 --> 00:19:52,119 Speaker 1: if it's viscerated or something like that, or the smell 341 00:19:52,200 --> 00:19:55,600 Speaker 1: I think also to um, but the the the idea 342 00:19:55,720 --> 00:19:59,520 Speaker 1: that that there's something that is keeping you from avoiding it, 343 00:19:59,640 --> 00:20:03,800 Speaker 1: whether the creeps, whether it's discussed, whether it's some form 344 00:20:03,880 --> 00:20:07,280 Speaker 1: of a version that is that is acting to put 345 00:20:07,440 --> 00:20:12,679 Speaker 1: distance between you and the polluting entity. This dead body. Um, 346 00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:15,840 Speaker 1: where did that come from before germ theory? That's my 347 00:20:15,920 --> 00:20:19,600 Speaker 1: big question that I haven't seen answered anywhere. It's where 348 00:20:19,600 --> 00:20:22,919 Speaker 1: did we get that? Again? Was it somebody handled the 349 00:20:22,960 --> 00:20:26,560 Speaker 1: dead body and like became directly sick from it, so 350 00:20:26,640 --> 00:20:30,159 Speaker 1: obviously that even like Took Took could say, yes, the 351 00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:32,359 Speaker 1: dead body caused this, so we should steer clear of 352 00:20:32,400 --> 00:20:36,120 Speaker 1: hanging out around dead bodies. Or um, was there some 353 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:41,240 Speaker 1: sort of awareness on on a very basic level that 354 00:20:41,240 --> 00:20:43,600 Speaker 1: that we haven't figured out how to explain yet that 355 00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:50,119 Speaker 1: that kept generations and generations of humans relatively healthy before 356 00:20:50,200 --> 00:20:52,879 Speaker 1: the advent of germ theory and our understanding of it. 357 00:20:52,880 --> 00:20:58,600 Speaker 1: It is a bit of a mind experiment. It is like, uh, 358 00:20:58,640 --> 00:21:02,840 Speaker 1: that this perhaps the very sound of someone very ill 359 00:21:02,960 --> 00:21:07,480 Speaker 1: and hawking up, you know, phlim. It sounds gross, but 360 00:21:07,560 --> 00:21:10,080 Speaker 1: like like you say, though, before germ theory, before they 361 00:21:10,119 --> 00:21:12,679 Speaker 1: knew that that would make that was sickness, or that 362 00:21:12,720 --> 00:21:16,520 Speaker 1: made someone sick. Maybe people were like, come in here 363 00:21:16,560 --> 00:21:19,760 Speaker 1: and do that in my face that I love that sound, right, 364 00:21:19,960 --> 00:21:22,240 Speaker 1: but it just doesn't seem likely. It's like a s 365 00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:24,960 Speaker 1: MR to me. I don't know, man, It's very hard 366 00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:27,159 Speaker 1: to wrap your head around. And also, if you remember, 367 00:21:27,160 --> 00:21:30,160 Speaker 1: in our Great Stink episode prior, right prior to germ theory, 368 00:21:30,200 --> 00:21:33,040 Speaker 1: there was miasma theory, which was the smell of something 369 00:21:33,160 --> 00:21:37,560 Speaker 1: directly polluted you and made you sick that associated with it. 370 00:21:37,760 --> 00:21:40,400 Speaker 1: But even that, it's like, so, okay, what what made 371 00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:42,480 Speaker 1: you think that the smell? What makes you think that 372 00:21:42,560 --> 00:21:44,880 Speaker 1: a dead body, which in and of itself isn't giving 373 00:21:44,920 --> 00:21:48,160 Speaker 1: off any actual signals that it will make you sick 374 00:21:48,520 --> 00:21:51,560 Speaker 1: if if it's decayed enough and you like interact with it. 375 00:21:52,040 --> 00:21:56,119 Speaker 1: What about that made us associate sickness a transference of 376 00:21:56,160 --> 00:22:01,640 Speaker 1: sickness that transferences. It's an invisible magic transference of pollution 377 00:22:01,720 --> 00:22:04,080 Speaker 1: from the dead body to you, the person who's handling 378 00:22:04,119 --> 00:22:07,560 Speaker 1: the dead body. That is that is significant and remarkable 379 00:22:07,600 --> 00:22:09,640 Speaker 1: that we came up with that. That's what I think 380 00:22:09,760 --> 00:22:13,080 Speaker 1: is is just so fascinating about all this. Yeah, and 381 00:22:13,119 --> 00:22:17,480 Speaker 1: I think this thing about the contingencies plays into because uh, 382 00:22:17,600 --> 00:22:20,560 Speaker 1: and it's funny. I have to admit when I read 383 00:22:20,600 --> 00:22:25,560 Speaker 1: this the word contingencies in my head, I was adding 384 00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:27,359 Speaker 1: a letter or something, and I kept saying in my 385 00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:33,359 Speaker 1: head as content genesis, and I was like, what is 386 00:22:33,440 --> 00:22:38,800 Speaker 1: that content genesis? And finally that's all contingencies Correctly, I 387 00:22:38,920 --> 00:22:41,760 Speaker 1: was like, man, am I drunk? Like what's going on? 388 00:22:42,320 --> 00:22:48,040 Speaker 1: So anyway, there are content genesies. That's like facetious. I 389 00:22:48,080 --> 00:22:51,879 Speaker 1: had that same uh facetious when yeah, what do you 390 00:22:51,920 --> 00:22:55,480 Speaker 1: think it's said? Or sounded like fastidious or something like that, 391 00:22:56,160 --> 00:22:58,760 Speaker 1: and I kept sounding it out and then finally I 392 00:22:58,800 --> 00:23:01,560 Speaker 1: was like, oh, that's facetious. Yeah, but you were probably 393 00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:07,520 Speaker 1: like twelve and not a professional broadcaster. I think you 394 00:23:07,600 --> 00:23:11,200 Speaker 1: had in your eye that was all. So these contingencies 395 00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:17,160 Speaker 1: um in humans at any time, there there are many 396 00:23:17,200 --> 00:23:22,239 Speaker 1: contingencies at work within us, competing against each other. So 397 00:23:22,280 --> 00:23:24,120 Speaker 1: if you go back to Tuk tuk and mock mock 398 00:23:24,960 --> 00:23:30,520 Speaker 1: um mock mock uh died, Let's say he did feel 399 00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:35,160 Speaker 1: some disgust, but it wasn't like but he was also hungry, 400 00:23:35,359 --> 00:23:40,919 Speaker 1: So that's the competing content genesis and his desire to 401 00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:44,440 Speaker 1: eat or and not desire his need to eat overcame 402 00:23:44,560 --> 00:23:47,800 Speaker 1: his low level disgust of like, well it's not doesn't 403 00:23:47,840 --> 00:23:51,600 Speaker 1: taste great, But I have this other contingency that says 404 00:23:51,640 --> 00:23:53,320 Speaker 1: I have to eat, so I'm going to eat the 405 00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:56,400 Speaker 1: thing and he doesn't die. Right, then it's a little 406 00:23:56,440 --> 00:23:59,080 Speaker 1: more complicated. It is more complicated, and if you step 407 00:23:59,080 --> 00:24:02,080 Speaker 1: back and think about it evolutionarily, it would make way 408 00:24:02,119 --> 00:24:05,199 Speaker 1: more sense for us to not maintain a sense of 409 00:24:05,280 --> 00:24:09,159 Speaker 1: disgust and be able to eat like rancid meat and 410 00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:13,400 Speaker 1: then instead learn like like basically develop a gut biome 411 00:24:13,840 --> 00:24:18,280 Speaker 1: that will will kill any any bacteria decay that could 412 00:24:18,359 --> 00:24:20,760 Speaker 1: make us sick, so that we we could have like 413 00:24:20,880 --> 00:24:23,320 Speaker 1: that many more things that are available for us to 414 00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:26,720 Speaker 1: eat when we're hard up. That makes way more sense 415 00:24:26,720 --> 00:24:31,080 Speaker 1: through natural selection and evolution than learning to not eat something. 416 00:24:31,720 --> 00:24:33,480 Speaker 1: And I think that's sort of the thing too, though, 417 00:24:33,520 --> 00:24:37,840 Speaker 1: Like the the winning contingency is ultimately going to be 418 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:41,840 Speaker 1: the one that it makes you more fit for you know, replication, 419 00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:46,320 Speaker 1: right right, so you would for you yea for cloning 420 00:24:46,680 --> 00:24:49,760 Speaker 1: self self cloning, so the the but yes, so if 421 00:24:49,800 --> 00:24:52,520 Speaker 1: you have more available food that you can gain energy 422 00:24:52,560 --> 00:24:55,800 Speaker 1: from in the environment, that would make more sense to 423 00:24:55,880 --> 00:24:59,040 Speaker 1: adapt to that rather than to adapt an aversion to 424 00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:03,239 Speaker 1: stential food source. Right, So that's one question. And then 425 00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:06,320 Speaker 1: you can also kind of um lay that right over 426 00:25:06,400 --> 00:25:11,120 Speaker 1: sex as well too. Right. So this this explanation of 427 00:25:11,840 --> 00:25:15,080 Speaker 1: why we might be a verse, why we have competing 428 00:25:15,119 --> 00:25:20,160 Speaker 1: contingencies for sex. Right, Like, you want to be attracted 429 00:25:20,200 --> 00:25:24,720 Speaker 1: to your mate because you're a person you you find 430 00:25:24,760 --> 00:25:29,439 Speaker 1: attractive is probably going to be um a good match 431 00:25:29,520 --> 00:25:35,720 Speaker 1: for you reproductive wise, epecially right, And then yes, and 432 00:25:35,760 --> 00:25:39,439 Speaker 1: then if if you if you are trying to reproduce 433 00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:42,600 Speaker 1: with somebody you're disgusted by, they might not be a 434 00:25:42,640 --> 00:25:47,400 Speaker 1: good match. Reproductive wive was evolutionarily it makes sense, that's 435 00:25:47,440 --> 00:25:51,199 Speaker 1: a that's a that's a mental gymnastics right there. To me, 436 00:25:51,320 --> 00:25:54,160 Speaker 1: it makes more sense to just say, here's an example 437 00:25:54,280 --> 00:25:57,520 Speaker 1: of evolution screwing us up, of natural selection screwing us up. 438 00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:01,280 Speaker 1: We developed an ability to feel this gusted by sex 439 00:26:01,320 --> 00:26:04,000 Speaker 1: because it reminds us that we're animals, and so we're 440 00:26:04,040 --> 00:26:06,800 Speaker 1: missing out on sex or at least deriving pleasure from 441 00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:11,240 Speaker 1: sex because we are possibly disgusted by the act of sex. 442 00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:13,159 Speaker 1: If we step back and think about it in the 443 00:26:13,280 --> 00:26:17,440 Speaker 1: right way, right, you see what I'm saying, So there's 444 00:26:17,480 --> 00:26:19,640 Speaker 1: a lot of holes here, which is why I mean, 445 00:26:20,119 --> 00:26:21,960 Speaker 1: I've got both of my six shooters. I'm about to 446 00:26:22,000 --> 00:26:25,000 Speaker 1: start shoot them in the air out of Glee because 447 00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:27,640 Speaker 1: it's been a while since we had an episode like this. Yeah. 448 00:26:27,760 --> 00:26:29,960 Speaker 1: Another thing that I found interesting too from this was 449 00:26:30,040 --> 00:26:34,360 Speaker 1: the the just the mer reaction. Apparently most people open 450 00:26:34,400 --> 00:26:37,760 Speaker 1: their mouths I keep mind shut, but regardless, we all 451 00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:40,600 Speaker 1: have a discussed reaction. I guess if you don't, then 452 00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:44,680 Speaker 1: you're probably a serial killer. Like if you saw someone 453 00:26:44,960 --> 00:26:47,640 Speaker 1: like open up and smell like rotten meat and literally 454 00:26:47,680 --> 00:26:50,560 Speaker 1: just kept this stone face, We're like, that smells really bad, 455 00:26:51,560 --> 00:26:55,240 Speaker 1: Like they they're clearly sociopaths, right, And that's what Rosen 456 00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:58,600 Speaker 1: was saying. That's why I discussed is the it's it's 457 00:26:58,680 --> 00:27:02,440 Speaker 1: the defining human care acteristic because that person would seem 458 00:27:02,760 --> 00:27:07,359 Speaker 1: non human in that sense, they be a robot kind of. Yeah. 459 00:27:07,400 --> 00:27:11,439 Speaker 1: But so if people make this face like that is 460 00:27:11,480 --> 00:27:14,240 Speaker 1: the cue, Like you don't even need to smell the milk. 461 00:27:14,320 --> 00:27:17,560 Speaker 1: If I walk in the kitchen and Emily pours some 462 00:27:17,640 --> 00:27:20,639 Speaker 1: milk and it, uh, well, I was gonna say, I 463 00:27:20,680 --> 00:27:23,440 Speaker 1: see it clump out of the thing, But that wouldn't count. 464 00:27:23,640 --> 00:27:25,760 Speaker 1: Like if I see Emily just smell the milk, she 465 00:27:25,840 --> 00:27:29,399 Speaker 1: makes her disgust face. I don't need to smell it. No, 466 00:27:29,560 --> 00:27:32,119 Speaker 1: But why is it that there is a chance that 467 00:27:32,200 --> 00:27:37,840 Speaker 1: Emily or anyone, yes, who will say smell this? Never? No, 468 00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:40,359 Speaker 1: that's okay, thanks for the warning with the wrinkled nose 469 00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:42,600 Speaker 1: and raised up her lip. I know, but when you're married, 470 00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:44,520 Speaker 1: it's like, no, it's usually I smelled it, like you 471 00:27:44,520 --> 00:27:47,200 Speaker 1: have to smell it, right, No, I don't want to 472 00:27:47,240 --> 00:27:51,640 Speaker 1: smell it. I've suffered um. So that becomes like, all 473 00:27:51,680 --> 00:27:56,399 Speaker 1: of a sudden, a something that like bonds communities together 474 00:27:56,480 --> 00:28:00,320 Speaker 1: and cultures together even, right, But which which is another? Okay? 475 00:28:00,359 --> 00:28:03,080 Speaker 1: So this then we get to the explanation or the 476 00:28:03,119 --> 00:28:08,760 Speaker 1: moral explanation of disgust of how seeing somebody involving cheating 477 00:28:09,320 --> 00:28:13,240 Speaker 1: or some sort of unfairness or racism or just something 478 00:28:13,680 --> 00:28:20,760 Speaker 1: some really anti social um violating behavior that you you 479 00:28:20,880 --> 00:28:24,000 Speaker 1: experienced disgusted at the very at least people say use 480 00:28:24,080 --> 00:28:27,760 Speaker 1: the word disgusted. I'm disgusted. I mean maybe it is 481 00:28:27,800 --> 00:28:30,600 Speaker 1: the same thing. So that's that's I mean, that's what 482 00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:33,399 Speaker 1: that one Wonder Machine study said. And the other the 483 00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:35,080 Speaker 1: other way that they backed it up. There's a really 484 00:28:35,119 --> 00:28:40,680 Speaker 1: interesting article by Rosen Johnathan Hight, who actually was a 485 00:28:40,680 --> 00:28:43,960 Speaker 1: contributor in our super Stuff Guide to Happiness if you remember, 486 00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:49,080 Speaker 1: and then um a guy named um Oh McAuley. What 487 00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:51,480 Speaker 1: is Clark mcaulay. They're kind of like this big three 488 00:28:51,800 --> 00:28:55,560 Speaker 1: triad and in the study of disgust as the only three, 489 00:28:56,400 --> 00:28:59,080 Speaker 1: there's a couple others, but yeah, kind of. But they 490 00:28:59,640 --> 00:29:02,280 Speaker 1: in the paper they basically say, okay, so you get 491 00:29:02,280 --> 00:29:06,880 Speaker 1: the wonder machine evidence suggesting that our actual brain, the 492 00:29:07,000 --> 00:29:10,000 Speaker 1: part of our brain responsible for experiencing disgust, is lighting 493 00:29:10,080 --> 00:29:13,200 Speaker 1: up when somebody gives us an unfair offer of money. 494 00:29:13,240 --> 00:29:15,800 Speaker 1: That's one thing. But also they go around the world 495 00:29:16,240 --> 00:29:20,400 Speaker 1: and say that in Japan, in Spain and Portugal, um, 496 00:29:20,440 --> 00:29:25,080 Speaker 1: all over the world. Whatever that society or or languages 497 00:29:25,280 --> 00:29:29,640 Speaker 1: culture's word is for disgust, they routinely use it to 498 00:29:29,720 --> 00:29:33,880 Speaker 1: describe things like the experience of seeing somebody hold poop 499 00:29:33,960 --> 00:29:38,160 Speaker 1: up to their mouth, and the experience of being treated 500 00:29:38,320 --> 00:29:41,280 Speaker 1: unfairly or seeing somebody racist. So it's not just people 501 00:29:41,320 --> 00:29:45,080 Speaker 1: in English misusing an English word discuss, which means actually 502 00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:48,840 Speaker 1: bad taste. In older Middle English, Um, it's it is 503 00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:51,960 Speaker 1: there is some sort of moral component to discuss. It 504 00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:55,160 Speaker 1: seems like well, even the word distasteful, like is rooted 505 00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:57,800 Speaker 1: in the word taste. That's that's a similar thing to 506 00:29:58,000 --> 00:30:02,600 Speaker 1: like behavior can be distasteful and uh rotten, analoge can 507 00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:08,959 Speaker 1: be distaste, especially if he's a real jerk. Right. Um. 508 00:30:09,160 --> 00:30:12,360 Speaker 1: The other interesting thing about the work that Jonathan Hate 509 00:30:12,400 --> 00:30:18,080 Speaker 1: did was this tying it to political ideological ideal ideology. Jeez, 510 00:30:18,160 --> 00:30:20,640 Speaker 1: what is wrong with me today? Uh? I thought that 511 00:30:20,720 --> 00:30:24,280 Speaker 1: was super interesting because they did research and they found 512 00:30:24,280 --> 00:30:28,760 Speaker 1: that people who are more sensitive to discussed and tend 513 00:30:28,880 --> 00:30:32,880 Speaker 1: to be more socially conservative, and that can be exploited. 514 00:30:33,440 --> 00:30:37,320 Speaker 1: So when you go to a major news outlet that 515 00:30:37,400 --> 00:30:40,760 Speaker 1: may be conservative, that is why you were more likely 516 00:30:40,800 --> 00:30:47,600 Speaker 1: to see photos of h unwashed or sick immigrants approaching 517 00:30:47,640 --> 00:30:52,040 Speaker 1: the border and not like pictures of like the handsomest, 518 00:30:52,120 --> 00:30:57,200 Speaker 1: most fit immigrant approaching the border, because that will, at 519 00:30:57,240 --> 00:31:01,600 Speaker 1: least according to this study, they they have higher powerful, 520 00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:06,120 Speaker 1: more powerful emotion of disgust. Right. It's it's hijacking your 521 00:31:06,280 --> 00:31:11,680 Speaker 1: ability to experience moral disgust because apparently it's really really 522 00:31:11,720 --> 00:31:14,640 Speaker 1: easy to come up and poke, to push a person's 523 00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:17,760 Speaker 1: disgust buttons and from from what the study says is 524 00:31:17,800 --> 00:31:20,680 Speaker 1: that this happens a lot way more than we're cognizant 525 00:31:20,680 --> 00:31:23,840 Speaker 1: of and that if we can make ourselves cognizant of it, 526 00:31:23,880 --> 00:31:26,560 Speaker 1: we could actually defend against it a little more. Yeah. 527 00:31:26,560 --> 00:31:29,400 Speaker 1: I mean, they're not gonna Fox News isn't gonna put 528 00:31:29,720 --> 00:31:33,040 Speaker 1: the guy you said it. You said, they're not gonna 529 00:31:33,080 --> 00:31:36,160 Speaker 1: put the guy that looks like Antonio banderis in the 530 00:31:36,200 --> 00:31:41,000 Speaker 1: immigrant caravan as they're from out you okay as their 531 00:31:41,040 --> 00:31:44,640 Speaker 1: front page lead photo. You know, it's gonna be the 532 00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:48,120 Speaker 1: person that's on in the on the stretcher that's sick 533 00:31:48,560 --> 00:31:51,560 Speaker 1: and dying, and that's going to cause this reaction of 534 00:31:51,600 --> 00:31:55,400 Speaker 1: disgust like g I they c g I flies like 535 00:31:55,480 --> 00:31:59,560 Speaker 1: flying around the person. Can't you see Antonio banderis walking 536 00:31:59,640 --> 00:32:06,600 Speaker 1: up in a video and going this wall is too sexy? Um. 537 00:32:06,640 --> 00:32:09,280 Speaker 1: And then the other interesting thing about that that whole 538 00:32:09,360 --> 00:32:11,360 Speaker 1: study that he was doing, the hate was doing was 539 00:32:11,840 --> 00:32:15,120 Speaker 1: they also found that people make harsher judgments when they 540 00:32:15,160 --> 00:32:19,160 Speaker 1: are exposed to a disgusting simulus. So uh, and it 541 00:32:19,320 --> 00:32:22,280 Speaker 1: usually was a smell like the smell of of a 542 00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:27,240 Speaker 1: of a tooty booty, a shot duck. Um, and if 543 00:32:27,280 --> 00:32:32,719 Speaker 1: you smell this flatulence, you would react more harshly towards 544 00:32:32,800 --> 00:32:35,960 Speaker 1: like a photo of something right now that might discuss 545 00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:38,360 Speaker 1: you just a little bit. I want to know the 546 00:32:38,440 --> 00:32:42,160 Speaker 1: methodology of this study pretty badly, Like did they was? 547 00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:43,760 Speaker 1: It was just one of those things where they just 548 00:32:43,840 --> 00:32:46,880 Speaker 1: kind of suddenly the area between you and the researcher 549 00:32:46,960 --> 00:32:49,200 Speaker 1: filled with the fart smell? Well, where do you get 550 00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:51,480 Speaker 1: the fart smell? Is there a synthetic or I think 551 00:32:51,480 --> 00:32:54,400 Speaker 1: there is? You probably like it's a novel the joke shop. 552 00:32:54,480 --> 00:32:56,560 Speaker 1: They picked up like a spinning bow tie. While they 553 00:32:56,600 --> 00:32:59,680 Speaker 1: got there, they canned fart too. Right, They're like, thank you, 554 00:33:00,120 --> 00:33:01,960 Speaker 1: here's your ten dollars and have a good day, and 555 00:33:01,960 --> 00:33:05,200 Speaker 1: they shake their hand. There's a buzzer, right exactly. So um, 556 00:33:05,240 --> 00:33:07,360 Speaker 1: But I mean, like is this so? Were they were 557 00:33:07,400 --> 00:33:09,720 Speaker 1: talking about something like you know how, what kind of 558 00:33:09,720 --> 00:33:12,280 Speaker 1: a prison sentence would you excuse me, what kind of 559 00:33:12,280 --> 00:33:14,479 Speaker 1: a prison sentence would you give to somebody? And like 560 00:33:14,520 --> 00:33:17,200 Speaker 1: this this fart smells this kind of comes up, but 561 00:33:17,320 --> 00:33:20,080 Speaker 1: like they're just not talking about it. I would guess 562 00:33:20,080 --> 00:33:22,840 Speaker 1: that's how you would have to do it right, dude. 563 00:33:22,840 --> 00:33:24,880 Speaker 1: I had a stranger asked me the other night if 564 00:33:24,880 --> 00:33:29,120 Speaker 1: I farted? Oh yeah, had you know? I was at 565 00:33:29,160 --> 00:33:31,280 Speaker 1: the Fleetwood Mac concert standing in the beer line, and 566 00:33:31,320 --> 00:33:33,719 Speaker 1: this guy in front of me turned around with his 567 00:33:33,720 --> 00:33:36,400 Speaker 1: wife and fully just said did you fart? And I 568 00:33:36,440 --> 00:33:39,000 Speaker 1: went nope, And I was like, I would tell you 569 00:33:39,040 --> 00:33:41,000 Speaker 1: if I did. Did He looked at his wife and go, 570 00:33:41,080 --> 00:33:43,240 Speaker 1: did you fart? But then we got to talking and 571 00:33:43,240 --> 00:33:44,680 Speaker 1: I was like, guys, I hate to tell you. I said, 572 00:33:44,720 --> 00:33:47,440 Speaker 1: I don't even smell anything, so I think you're looking 573 00:33:47,440 --> 00:33:50,000 Speaker 1: in the wrong direction. And then he felt like I 574 00:33:50,080 --> 00:33:51,480 Speaker 1: was a little drunk, so I didn't care. I was 575 00:33:51,520 --> 00:33:53,520 Speaker 1: playing along. But then he felt like really bad and 576 00:33:53,600 --> 00:33:56,840 Speaker 1: was overapologetic. I was like, dude, you're gonna ask someone 577 00:33:56,880 --> 00:33:59,880 Speaker 1: if they farted, don't then turn around and be weirdly 578 00:34:00,040 --> 00:34:02,719 Speaker 1: ashamed of that, right, get all weepy, just own it? 579 00:34:03,360 --> 00:34:06,040 Speaker 1: So um, yeah, does the guy not know the whole 580 00:34:06,120 --> 00:34:10,319 Speaker 1: he who smelled it? Delta? Idiom it was the first 581 00:34:10,400 --> 00:34:14,759 Speaker 1: date and that was the deal. Maybe he did. Yeah, 582 00:34:14,800 --> 00:34:18,160 Speaker 1: he really played it off well at Southside. All right, 583 00:34:18,160 --> 00:34:20,279 Speaker 1: should we take a break? I think we should? All right, 584 00:34:20,360 --> 00:34:22,600 Speaker 1: I'm gonna go fart in the hallway. We'll be right back. 585 00:34:22,600 --> 00:34:36,319 Speaker 1: Thank you for that, Chuck. We'll be right back. All right, 586 00:34:36,360 --> 00:34:39,480 Speaker 1: it's back, Chuck is back. Now everything's fine in here. 587 00:34:40,160 --> 00:34:44,160 Speaker 1: And um, we are still talking about disgust. Let me 588 00:34:44,280 --> 00:34:47,120 Speaker 1: let's let's let's um just kind of go over this 589 00:34:47,160 --> 00:34:51,439 Speaker 1: real quick one more time. Okay. So we started out 590 00:34:51,480 --> 00:34:57,640 Speaker 1: with this this mechanim miss of distaste um where we like, 591 00:34:57,719 --> 00:35:02,000 Speaker 1: involuntarily spit something out that's gross that occurs elsewhere in 592 00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:04,759 Speaker 1: the animal kingdom. And then over time we figured out 593 00:35:04,800 --> 00:35:08,960 Speaker 1: how to create a new um adaptation, a new behavior 594 00:35:09,480 --> 00:35:13,160 Speaker 1: that is overlaid over that same brain circuitry where we 595 00:35:13,200 --> 00:35:16,919 Speaker 1: spent something out, and we call that disgust. And it 596 00:35:16,960 --> 00:35:20,040 Speaker 1: was it originally started out as an aversion to things 597 00:35:20,080 --> 00:35:23,120 Speaker 1: like poop and vomit and and that kind of stuff. 598 00:35:23,760 --> 00:35:28,000 Speaker 1: And then that evolved even further because at some point 599 00:35:28,040 --> 00:35:30,000 Speaker 1: we said we're better than animals, and I don't like 600 00:35:30,040 --> 00:35:32,520 Speaker 1: to be reminded of an animal. And I guess that 601 00:35:32,640 --> 00:35:35,799 Speaker 1: desire to not be reminded of an animal developed so 602 00:35:35,920 --> 00:35:39,200 Speaker 1: much that it became overlaid over that disgusted emotion that 603 00:35:39,280 --> 00:35:42,839 Speaker 1: had been that had hijacked the distaste emotion, and then 604 00:35:43,320 --> 00:35:48,000 Speaker 1: at some point finally it reached moral um, the moral structure, 605 00:35:48,480 --> 00:35:53,440 Speaker 1: and that hijacked the animal and the core and the 606 00:35:53,520 --> 00:35:57,640 Speaker 1: distaste to where now just the idea of somebody behaving 607 00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:01,360 Speaker 1: in a certain way can disgust us. And the whole 608 00:36:01,400 --> 00:36:03,279 Speaker 1: thing that really kind of changed to make it human 609 00:36:03,400 --> 00:36:10,080 Speaker 1: was the the addition of um imagination and symbolism to 610 00:36:10,200 --> 00:36:12,480 Speaker 1: these ideas, so that we didn't even have to taste 611 00:36:12,520 --> 00:36:15,400 Speaker 1: or smell or see anything anymore. Just thinking about this 612 00:36:15,480 --> 00:36:17,960 Speaker 1: kind of stuff could disgust us. And that's where we're 613 00:36:17,960 --> 00:36:20,400 Speaker 1: at and discussed research, and that's where we're at in 614 00:36:20,440 --> 00:36:26,520 Speaker 1: the podcast too. Frankly, Wow, that's a nice recap. Thank you, 615 00:36:27,000 --> 00:36:30,160 Speaker 1: all right. So, uh, culturally, you know, it depends on 616 00:36:30,160 --> 00:36:32,160 Speaker 1: where you are in the world and what you might 617 00:36:32,200 --> 00:36:35,399 Speaker 1: be disgusted by. So while while it is universal, it's 618 00:36:35,400 --> 00:36:39,359 Speaker 1: not like every single thing is universal. Um. People uh 619 00:36:39,600 --> 00:36:41,600 Speaker 1: eat things in some parts of the world that other 620 00:36:41,719 --> 00:36:44,759 Speaker 1: parts of the world might think are disgusting. Um. And 621 00:36:44,800 --> 00:36:48,799 Speaker 1: that again is a thing that basically says, I'm a 622 00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:50,800 Speaker 1: part of this family, I'm a part of this culture, 623 00:36:50,840 --> 00:36:53,200 Speaker 1: I'm a part of this group. Um. The fact that 624 00:36:53,239 --> 00:36:57,880 Speaker 1: like all eat eyeballs right out right out of a fish, 625 00:36:58,040 --> 00:36:59,640 Speaker 1: right up a fish said to scoop it out and 626 00:36:59,680 --> 00:37:03,880 Speaker 1: eat it. Right. Um, I might think that's disgusting, but 627 00:37:04,760 --> 00:37:09,040 Speaker 1: that's not like necessary, Like taboos are not the same. Uh, 628 00:37:09,040 --> 00:37:11,760 Speaker 1: And cultures all over the world. Yeah, whether it's food, 629 00:37:11,840 --> 00:37:15,800 Speaker 1: apparently they think maybe even you know, well, cannibal cannibalism. Obviously, 630 00:37:16,080 --> 00:37:20,439 Speaker 1: some cultures don't view incest as um as taboo as 631 00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:22,440 Speaker 1: as other cultures do. So some of the things that 632 00:37:22,560 --> 00:37:26,759 Speaker 1: we would think would be universally disgusting aren't universally disgusting. 633 00:37:27,080 --> 00:37:30,480 Speaker 1: And the whole idea of food too shows that you can, 634 00:37:30,600 --> 00:37:34,120 Speaker 1: um learn to not find something disgusting or never find 635 00:37:34,120 --> 00:37:36,120 Speaker 1: it disgusting at all because you were just raised in 636 00:37:36,120 --> 00:37:38,880 Speaker 1: a culture that eats this food and values it. But 637 00:37:38,960 --> 00:37:41,160 Speaker 1: to somebody else from outside of the culture, when they 638 00:37:41,160 --> 00:37:43,080 Speaker 1: see that food, they are disgusted by it. So yeah, 639 00:37:43,080 --> 00:37:46,239 Speaker 1: there's a lot of lack of universality in disgust that 640 00:37:46,320 --> 00:37:49,799 Speaker 1: we might assume would be there that actually isn't. Yeah. 641 00:37:49,800 --> 00:37:53,239 Speaker 1: I mean vegetarianism and veganism is a perfect example. Uh. 642 00:37:53,360 --> 00:37:56,959 Speaker 1: Someone can eat meat until until they're in their mid 643 00:37:56,960 --> 00:38:01,520 Speaker 1: twenties and then all of a sudden switch to veganism, 644 00:38:01,520 --> 00:38:04,080 Speaker 1: and a year later, the mere sight of meat might 645 00:38:04,120 --> 00:38:07,239 Speaker 1: discuss them, whereas the year before they were challenged down 646 00:38:07,239 --> 00:38:09,520 Speaker 1: on it. Which I would guess that's just like you 647 00:38:09,680 --> 00:38:13,120 Speaker 1: were structuring your brain circuitry basically, right, Yeah, I think 648 00:38:13,160 --> 00:38:15,400 Speaker 1: so probably, I mean that would make sense. But so 649 00:38:15,480 --> 00:38:19,359 Speaker 1: something that never disgusted you before can become genuinely disgusted 650 00:38:19,560 --> 00:38:22,719 Speaker 1: or the other way around, huh, I imagine. Well, yeah, 651 00:38:22,760 --> 00:38:25,040 Speaker 1: I mean you can learn to eat other cultures foods 652 00:38:25,040 --> 00:38:29,479 Speaker 1: that you were disgusted by previously and eat meat now 653 00:38:30,360 --> 00:38:32,799 Speaker 1: right right, Yeah, yeah, you can also learn to eat 654 00:38:32,840 --> 00:38:38,160 Speaker 1: broccoli over time. BROCCOLI's good, it's it's not though it 655 00:38:38,239 --> 00:38:42,000 Speaker 1: really is roast in the oven the lish Okay, I 656 00:38:42,040 --> 00:38:44,520 Speaker 1: will give you that. Roasted BROCCOLI's okay. But if it's 657 00:38:44,520 --> 00:38:47,920 Speaker 1: steamed or just like floppy in any way ship or form, 658 00:38:47,960 --> 00:38:50,960 Speaker 1: I've had bad experiences with it over over the years. 659 00:38:51,200 --> 00:38:54,919 Speaker 1: It sounds like someone's overcooking your broccoli. Not anymore, but yes, 660 00:38:55,000 --> 00:38:58,480 Speaker 1: I think Dad used to used to overcook it quite 661 00:38:58,480 --> 00:39:00,600 Speaker 1: a bit. Yeah. I go for al dente when it 662 00:39:00,600 --> 00:39:03,879 Speaker 1: comes to most vegetables. Yeah, but roasted roasted is good 663 00:39:04,160 --> 00:39:06,920 Speaker 1: mushy is a is a food quality that kind of 664 00:39:06,960 --> 00:39:12,640 Speaker 1: discussed me. So, uh, food preparation is important. Like I know, 665 00:39:12,680 --> 00:39:14,879 Speaker 1: we're just kind of kidding about the broccoli, but like, 666 00:39:15,320 --> 00:39:20,200 Speaker 1: let's say, um, an eggplant or a squash. If you 667 00:39:20,280 --> 00:39:23,240 Speaker 1: cook that thing until it's really mushy, it's it's really 668 00:39:23,239 --> 00:39:26,480 Speaker 1: gross to me. But I will totally eat an eggplant 669 00:39:26,480 --> 00:39:30,279 Speaker 1: if it's nice and firm. Yeah yeah, I mean yeah, 670 00:39:30,640 --> 00:39:33,400 Speaker 1: texture is enormous with it. It also affects taste too, 671 00:39:33,480 --> 00:39:36,680 Speaker 1: which doesn't make any sense except for like it's part 672 00:39:36,719 --> 00:39:39,600 Speaker 1: of the experience of it, right, Yeah, but true disgust 673 00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:41,880 Speaker 1: happens for me. I think it's not just like I 674 00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:46,879 Speaker 1: don't prefer that, like mushy food really really grosses me out. Well, 675 00:39:46,920 --> 00:39:49,800 Speaker 1: there's something that that um that it actually hit a 676 00:39:49,880 --> 00:39:53,239 Speaker 1: pond early on, and this is that like disgust is 677 00:39:53,400 --> 00:39:57,160 Speaker 1: it goes around our conscious thought, right, Like you're not 678 00:39:57,280 --> 00:40:01,160 Speaker 1: like this this broccoli is is not to my preference. 679 00:40:01,160 --> 00:40:03,799 Speaker 1: It is way too floppy and mushy, and i'd be 680 00:40:03,880 --> 00:40:06,160 Speaker 1: I prefer to not have it in my mouth anymore so, 681 00:40:06,960 --> 00:40:08,560 Speaker 1: and you spit it out and it just falls back 682 00:40:08,600 --> 00:40:11,479 Speaker 1: onto your plate instead you put it in your mouth, 683 00:40:11,640 --> 00:40:14,799 Speaker 1: especially if you're not expecting it to be mushy and 684 00:40:14,840 --> 00:40:17,440 Speaker 1: you start chewing it like you expected to be good. 685 00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:20,839 Speaker 1: Your reaction without even thinking it's going to be spit 686 00:40:20,920 --> 00:40:23,520 Speaker 1: it out probably, and you might you might not actually 687 00:40:23,520 --> 00:40:25,520 Speaker 1: spit it out, but that will be your first reaction, 688 00:40:25,560 --> 00:40:27,880 Speaker 1: and you might have to stop yourself, like bring your 689 00:40:27,960 --> 00:40:30,120 Speaker 1: napkin up to your mouth or whatever. And that's one 690 00:40:30,120 --> 00:40:32,600 Speaker 1: of the things that like really kind of is a 691 00:40:32,640 --> 00:40:36,680 Speaker 1: hallmark characteristic of disgust. When it is experienced, it goes 692 00:40:36,760 --> 00:40:40,200 Speaker 1: around our intellect and our our um conscious thought. It's 693 00:40:40,239 --> 00:40:44,319 Speaker 1: a basic reaction. Yeah, and it can also get out 694 00:40:44,320 --> 00:40:47,080 Speaker 1: of hand as far as the uh if the idea 695 00:40:47,160 --> 00:40:50,120 Speaker 1: is that at its root, we're trying to avoid disease 696 00:40:50,120 --> 00:40:54,240 Speaker 1: and dying. Um. We've all heard of of cases phobia 697 00:40:54,280 --> 00:40:58,400 Speaker 1: is really that developed um and pathologies out of fear 698 00:40:58,480 --> 00:41:03,200 Speaker 1: of germs or dirt or cleanliness. UM. Anyone who's ever 699 00:41:03,200 --> 00:41:07,480 Speaker 1: seen the great movie Safe by Todd Haynes, Um. That 700 00:41:07,600 --> 00:41:10,239 Speaker 1: was a movie about that where this woman sort of 701 00:41:10,239 --> 00:41:14,080 Speaker 1: slowly unwinds and eventually ends up in a in a 702 00:41:14,239 --> 00:41:18,200 Speaker 1: like a a community where everyone is obsessed with this 703 00:41:18,320 --> 00:41:22,560 Speaker 1: kind of compulsive cleanliness. Who's the woman, It's Julian Moore. 704 00:41:23,440 --> 00:41:25,560 Speaker 1: I haven't seen that yet. Is it pretty good? It was? 705 00:41:25,640 --> 00:41:27,040 Speaker 1: It was great, I mean it was. It's a long 706 00:41:27,040 --> 00:41:30,040 Speaker 1: time ago. So it's like in the early nineties, I think, 707 00:41:30,239 --> 00:41:32,560 Speaker 1: like some of her earlier work. But that's just an 708 00:41:32,600 --> 00:41:36,640 Speaker 1: example of how, um, how that can happen and how 709 00:41:36,640 --> 00:41:39,360 Speaker 1: it can get out of hand until basically you have 710 00:41:39,440 --> 00:41:43,800 Speaker 1: a compulsive disorder that may have started out of a 711 00:41:43,920 --> 00:41:49,359 Speaker 1: legit environmental like discuss reaction to disease, right, Yeah, that well, 712 00:41:49,400 --> 00:41:52,120 Speaker 1: that's what they think is the basis of possibly all 713 00:41:52,120 --> 00:41:55,160 Speaker 1: of it that has to do with disgust or like 714 00:41:55,239 --> 00:41:58,440 Speaker 1: a drive to to feel clean or to get rid 715 00:41:58,480 --> 00:42:01,160 Speaker 1: of germs or to be afraid of germs, that kind 716 00:42:01,200 --> 00:42:05,800 Speaker 1: of thing. That it's it's your um, your being indoctrinated 717 00:42:05,800 --> 00:42:08,680 Speaker 1: into disgust when a little too far in your brain, 718 00:42:09,200 --> 00:42:12,520 Speaker 1: your brains disgusted reaction just became too powerful, and now 719 00:42:12,520 --> 00:42:15,160 Speaker 1: it has this kind of crippling effect on your life. Yeah, 720 00:42:15,200 --> 00:42:18,000 Speaker 1: but it can also like it's oddly there are things 721 00:42:18,000 --> 00:42:20,920 Speaker 1: that have nothing to do with disease and dying that 722 00:42:21,280 --> 00:42:24,720 Speaker 1: have been kind of labeled as disgusting and ed points 723 00:42:24,719 --> 00:42:26,680 Speaker 1: out acne as one of them that might trigger a 724 00:42:26,680 --> 00:42:31,200 Speaker 1: disgust reaction in some people. And it's really completely harmless. 725 00:42:31,440 --> 00:42:35,560 Speaker 1: It is, but it's playing upon in an inadvertent way, 726 00:42:36,040 --> 00:42:41,120 Speaker 1: our predisposition to be grossed out by things like disease. Yeah, sore, 727 00:42:41,360 --> 00:42:44,719 Speaker 1: a pox, a pustule. It has nothing to do with that. 728 00:42:44,840 --> 00:42:47,560 Speaker 1: It just kind of resembles it in the exact same way. 729 00:42:47,760 --> 00:42:51,280 Speaker 1: People find slugs and snails disgusting, uh, And they suggest 730 00:42:51,320 --> 00:42:54,080 Speaker 1: that it's because they look like they're covered in mucus. 731 00:42:54,120 --> 00:42:57,080 Speaker 1: Even though it's not actually mucus. It reminds us of mucus. 732 00:42:57,080 --> 00:42:59,279 Speaker 1: So we're disgusted at the thought of touching one of 733 00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:02,680 Speaker 1: those things. Same thing. They're not disease carriers, but they 734 00:43:02,719 --> 00:43:06,720 Speaker 1: remind us of it. That's the key, because disgusted works 735 00:43:06,760 --> 00:43:09,600 Speaker 1: hand in hand with human imagination. I got Emily one 736 00:43:09,600 --> 00:43:11,960 Speaker 1: of those poppet pals. Have you seen those? No? What 737 00:43:12,120 --> 00:43:14,239 Speaker 1: is it? You know how she's pretty obsessed with with 738 00:43:14,400 --> 00:43:17,040 Speaker 1: zip popping and she doesn't watch she's not one of 739 00:43:17,040 --> 00:43:19,879 Speaker 1: those people who watches the stuff on YouTube. But it's 740 00:43:19,920 --> 00:43:21,680 Speaker 1: just like a personal thing. But they saw it on 741 00:43:21,719 --> 00:43:24,359 Speaker 1: Shark Tank. There's this thing. Now it looks It's about 742 00:43:24,360 --> 00:43:26,759 Speaker 1: the size of a bar soap, but it's made out 743 00:43:26,760 --> 00:43:30,719 Speaker 1: of silicon. It's kind of a squishy, rubber rectangular bar 744 00:43:31,440 --> 00:43:34,160 Speaker 1: and you squirt to this like, uh, I don't know 745 00:43:34,160 --> 00:43:36,520 Speaker 1: what it's made of. It's it's almost like Chrisco or something. 746 00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:39,279 Speaker 1: Um I think it's plant based and you fill it 747 00:43:39,360 --> 00:43:41,120 Speaker 1: up with that and the top of it is covered 748 00:43:41,160 --> 00:43:45,399 Speaker 1: with all these little dimple holes and you pop them 749 00:43:44,400 --> 00:43:48,680 Speaker 1: and it comes, it comes sneaking out just like like 750 00:43:48,960 --> 00:43:51,239 Speaker 1: the best pimple you've ever seen. That's amazed. So I 751 00:43:51,320 --> 00:43:53,840 Speaker 1: kept like trying to imagine that, like this was going 752 00:43:53,880 --> 00:43:57,160 Speaker 1: on the person's face, and it's like just to basically like, here, 753 00:43:57,280 --> 00:43:59,359 Speaker 1: keep busy with this and leave my face alone. Yeah, 754 00:43:59,440 --> 00:44:01,799 Speaker 1: you just whatever, You set it in your lap and 755 00:44:01,840 --> 00:44:05,239 Speaker 1: just pop away. That's really awesome, man, it's it's it 756 00:44:05,280 --> 00:44:07,120 Speaker 1: was really satisfying for it too. I thought she might 757 00:44:07,160 --> 00:44:09,239 Speaker 1: be like, no, this is not the same, but she 758 00:44:09,360 --> 00:44:11,439 Speaker 1: was obsessed with it first. That's awesome. Couple of days 759 00:44:11,880 --> 00:44:15,359 Speaker 1: that's Is there any great human thing that Shark Tank 760 00:44:15,440 --> 00:44:18,480 Speaker 1: hasn't give given us? I don't know, I can't. I 761 00:44:18,520 --> 00:44:21,480 Speaker 1: can't think of one. Um Umi has a thing for 762 00:44:21,640 --> 00:44:25,000 Speaker 1: cauliflower ear, and she'll sometimes watch videos of cauliflower ear 763 00:44:25,040 --> 00:44:29,640 Speaker 1: being drained and it's like, I can't hang man wrestler. No, 764 00:44:30,280 --> 00:44:32,600 Speaker 1: not not that I know of, but Mr Chance I 765 00:44:32,600 --> 00:44:35,959 Speaker 1: guess right, she better have Mr Chance fining. She comes 766 00:44:35,960 --> 00:44:38,400 Speaker 1: in and she finds you like on the carpet, rolling 767 00:44:38,400 --> 00:44:42,279 Speaker 1: your ear on the floor. Didn't that how wrestlers get it? 768 00:44:42,480 --> 00:44:44,520 Speaker 1: I think they get it from like a trauma to 769 00:44:44,560 --> 00:44:46,080 Speaker 1: the ear, like a punch of the ear, like a 770 00:44:46,719 --> 00:44:49,960 Speaker 1: an impact of the ear, and then like it swells 771 00:44:50,040 --> 00:44:52,560 Speaker 1: up and then it turns into like scar tissue or 772 00:44:52,680 --> 00:44:55,600 Speaker 1: like just pussy infected edema. Well, which is why they 773 00:44:55,600 --> 00:44:58,880 Speaker 1: wear the ear covers. Yes, well, that and to look cool, 774 00:45:00,000 --> 00:45:03,640 Speaker 1: to look kind of cool somehow. Um so that offsets 775 00:45:03,719 --> 00:45:07,520 Speaker 1: the singlet, which is the least school thing you can wear. 776 00:45:07,760 --> 00:45:10,440 Speaker 1: It's pretty uncool. I have to say, sorry wrestlers, but 777 00:45:10,880 --> 00:45:13,240 Speaker 1: the entire rest of the world thinks that the singlets 778 00:45:13,280 --> 00:45:17,640 Speaker 1: look uncool. It's not just us. Oh boy, So let's 779 00:45:17,640 --> 00:45:21,080 Speaker 1: talk about the disgust scale real quick? Do you have that? Yeah? 780 00:45:21,120 --> 00:45:22,600 Speaker 1: You know, I didn't even look at this because I 781 00:45:22,600 --> 00:45:24,160 Speaker 1: thought it might be fun if you just went through 782 00:45:24,160 --> 00:45:26,279 Speaker 1: a few of those with me. Okay, well, this is 783 00:45:26,280 --> 00:45:29,480 Speaker 1: a great idea, Chuck, get into a game still innovating 784 00:45:29,520 --> 00:45:32,880 Speaker 1: after eleven years. I'm so proud of us. So John 785 00:45:33,120 --> 00:45:36,520 Speaker 1: Paul Rosen and John Hight and a couple of other 786 00:45:36,560 --> 00:45:40,000 Speaker 1: people came up with the sorry Clark McAuley and Clark McAuley. 787 00:45:40,000 --> 00:45:42,279 Speaker 1: I'm just going to say the third person. They came 788 00:45:42,360 --> 00:45:48,280 Speaker 1: up with a disgust scale. Okay, So, Chuck, between zero 789 00:45:48,360 --> 00:45:53,680 Speaker 1: and four, zero being strongly disagree and four being strongly agree, 790 00:45:54,480 --> 00:45:57,720 Speaker 1: meaning it's very untrue or very true about you. Please 791 00:45:57,800 --> 00:46:00,400 Speaker 1: indicate how much you agree with each of the following 792 00:46:00,440 --> 00:46:02,640 Speaker 1: statements or how true it is. Between zero and wet 793 00:46:02,719 --> 00:46:06,759 Speaker 1: three four zero strongly disagree it's very untrue about you, 794 00:46:06,840 --> 00:46:09,960 Speaker 1: and four is strongly agree very true about you. You 795 00:46:10,040 --> 00:46:13,320 Speaker 1: might be willing, sorry, I might be willing to try 796 00:46:13,400 --> 00:46:20,040 Speaker 1: eating monkey meat under some circumstances. Strongly disagree. Four. That's zero, okay, zero. 797 00:46:21,640 --> 00:46:23,920 Speaker 1: It would bother me to be in a science class 798 00:46:24,040 --> 00:46:28,000 Speaker 1: and to see a human hand preserved in a jar. Obviously, 799 00:46:28,040 --> 00:46:30,120 Speaker 1: that would not bother me, because when I saw the 800 00:46:30,200 --> 00:46:35,760 Speaker 1: human head in a bucket, very famously, my reaction was, Huh, 801 00:46:36,280 --> 00:46:39,160 Speaker 1: there's a human head whereas a person with me was 802 00:46:39,320 --> 00:46:44,239 Speaker 1: really disgusted, right, yeah, and I think understandably. So, um, 803 00:46:44,360 --> 00:46:47,600 Speaker 1: I love that story. Okay, here's another one. I never 804 00:46:47,680 --> 00:46:50,560 Speaker 1: let any part of my body touch the toilet seat 805 00:46:50,640 --> 00:46:55,560 Speaker 1: in public restrooms. Agree or disagree, untrue or true. I'm 806 00:46:55,560 --> 00:46:58,200 Speaker 1: just gonna ditch the numbers because it's confusing me. Okay, 807 00:46:58,360 --> 00:47:00,080 Speaker 1: I don't That doesn't really bother me that much. I 808 00:47:00,120 --> 00:47:03,959 Speaker 1: know that probably really disgusted you. Uh no, well yeah, 809 00:47:04,040 --> 00:47:07,359 Speaker 1: I just have to go to another place. Oh when 810 00:47:07,400 --> 00:47:09,440 Speaker 1: I do that, I don't mind. Man, I know that's 811 00:47:09,480 --> 00:47:13,399 Speaker 1: gross probably, but whatever. Okay, here's one more um from 812 00:47:13,400 --> 00:47:17,120 Speaker 1: this one. Then we're gonna do another set. You're ready. Um, 813 00:47:17,440 --> 00:47:19,799 Speaker 1: I would rather eat a piece of fruit than a 814 00:47:19,840 --> 00:47:23,680 Speaker 1: piece of paper. Well, yeah, I'd rather eat a piece 815 00:47:23,680 --> 00:47:26,400 Speaker 1: of fruit. Okay, Okay, I think that's just like a 816 00:47:26,440 --> 00:47:30,080 Speaker 1: baseline one that they use. Okay, so then between zero 817 00:47:30,080 --> 00:47:33,200 Speaker 1: and four rate these not disgusting at all? Are extremely disgusting. 818 00:47:33,480 --> 00:47:36,280 Speaker 1: Just say one of those two. Okay, you see maggots 819 00:47:36,280 --> 00:47:38,760 Speaker 1: on a piece of meat in an outdoor garbage pail, 820 00:47:39,520 --> 00:47:44,280 Speaker 1: very disgusting, you, I agree. Your friend's pet cat dies 821 00:47:44,440 --> 00:47:46,239 Speaker 1: and you have to pick up the dead body with 822 00:47:46,280 --> 00:47:51,040 Speaker 1: your bare hands. Um, not disgusted, just sad. Okay. I 823 00:47:51,040 --> 00:47:52,640 Speaker 1: mean I've done that with all of my animals that 824 00:47:52,680 --> 00:47:55,000 Speaker 1: have passed. I took care of the bodies, right. I 825 00:47:55,040 --> 00:47:56,799 Speaker 1: think this leaves out that it was hit by a 826 00:47:56,840 --> 00:48:00,719 Speaker 1: car and it's now part of the road. Basically, Yeah, 827 00:48:00,760 --> 00:48:03,640 Speaker 1: that's a medium disgusting and sad. Okay. Yeah, well yeah, 828 00:48:03,640 --> 00:48:06,520 Speaker 1: it said you're about to drink a glass of milk 829 00:48:06,560 --> 00:48:09,040 Speaker 1: when you smell it is spoiled, And then in parentheses, 830 00:48:09,080 --> 00:48:11,759 Speaker 1: weirdly enough, it says because Emily just changed it under 831 00:48:11,840 --> 00:48:16,800 Speaker 1: your nose and said, smell this, that's weird. Um. Yeah, 832 00:48:16,840 --> 00:48:21,400 Speaker 1: the smell of turned food grosses me out a lot. Okay, Uh, 833 00:48:21,760 --> 00:48:24,359 Speaker 1: while you're walking through a tunnel under a railroad track, 834 00:48:24,400 --> 00:48:28,200 Speaker 1: you smell urine. I've been in New York enough times, 835 00:48:28,200 --> 00:48:30,480 Speaker 1: it's not that big of a deal. It still gets me. Man, 836 00:48:30,840 --> 00:48:33,480 Speaker 1: I think smelling urine is worse than smelling poop for 837 00:48:33,520 --> 00:48:37,719 Speaker 1: some reason. Really Yeah, interesting? Okay. Two more, you see 838 00:48:37,719 --> 00:48:42,520 Speaker 1: a man with his intestines exposed after an accident. Yeah, 839 00:48:42,560 --> 00:48:45,839 Speaker 1: that's pretty high up there. Yeah yeah, I think so too. 840 00:48:45,960 --> 00:48:48,719 Speaker 1: And then last chuck, you see someone put ketchup on 841 00:48:48,840 --> 00:48:54,280 Speaker 1: vanilla ice cream and eat it. Yeah, that's gross, Okay, 842 00:48:54,760 --> 00:48:58,640 Speaker 1: although it's interesting though when I thought about the bodies 843 00:48:58,680 --> 00:49:01,920 Speaker 1: and trails, like, I don't love it, but I can 844 00:49:01,960 --> 00:49:05,799 Speaker 1: watch like a surgery. It's not my favorite thing, but 845 00:49:05,840 --> 00:49:08,880 Speaker 1: I'm not like fully disgusted. But if it's an accident, 846 00:49:09,080 --> 00:49:11,799 Speaker 1: I think that so it might be a contextual thing 847 00:49:11,800 --> 00:49:14,799 Speaker 1: as well. So one of the things that I experience 848 00:49:14,880 --> 00:49:17,960 Speaker 1: when I see like some something in surgery, and I think, yeah, 849 00:49:17,960 --> 00:49:19,440 Speaker 1: context definitely has a lot to do with it in 850 00:49:19,560 --> 00:49:22,000 Speaker 1: that case too. But if I see like a surgery, 851 00:49:22,080 --> 00:49:24,040 Speaker 1: like remember there used to be that TV network that 852 00:49:24,120 --> 00:49:27,719 Speaker 1: was nothing but surgery. You remember it was in like 853 00:49:27,719 --> 00:49:30,560 Speaker 1: the late eighties, early nineties, I think, um, but uh, 854 00:49:31,200 --> 00:49:34,600 Speaker 1: to see that, I'll get like faint right like, And 855 00:49:34,680 --> 00:49:36,880 Speaker 1: it's not necessarily the side of blood. It's like the 856 00:49:36,880 --> 00:49:39,279 Speaker 1: site of viscera. I get a little faint, and it 857 00:49:39,320 --> 00:49:43,080 Speaker 1: never made sense to me. I think definitely as part 858 00:49:43,080 --> 00:49:45,560 Speaker 1: of it too. But I think also part of the 859 00:49:45,600 --> 00:49:49,520 Speaker 1: disgust reaction is that your heart rate and blood pressure lower, 860 00:49:49,560 --> 00:49:52,080 Speaker 1: which would explain why you start to feel faint. Like 861 00:49:52,120 --> 00:49:54,719 Speaker 1: I don't feel queasy or nauseated or like I'm gonna wretch. 862 00:49:54,760 --> 00:49:56,960 Speaker 1: I feel like I need to sit down for a second, 863 00:49:57,760 --> 00:49:59,480 Speaker 1: which is I guess it is still part of the 864 00:49:59,520 --> 00:50:04,480 Speaker 1: disgust reaction. It just isn't the the the nausea version 865 00:50:04,520 --> 00:50:07,760 Speaker 1: of it's but it's still revulsion, but a weird, fainty version. 866 00:50:08,000 --> 00:50:10,040 Speaker 1: So in the med school sitcom that we star in, 867 00:50:10,560 --> 00:50:13,719 Speaker 1: when they pull the sheet back, you start saying, how 868 00:50:13,719 --> 00:50:15,440 Speaker 1: don't feel two good guys, and we're like, yeah, you're 869 00:50:15,480 --> 00:50:17,160 Speaker 1: so funny, and then all of a sudden you hit 870 00:50:17,160 --> 00:50:19,640 Speaker 1: the deck. I think the way I would play it 871 00:50:19,680 --> 00:50:22,839 Speaker 1: is even more straightforward, where my eyes just go up 872 00:50:22,880 --> 00:50:24,719 Speaker 1: in the back of my head and I fall backward 873 00:50:26,000 --> 00:50:28,239 Speaker 1: in response to the sheep being pulled. It's a good move. 874 00:50:28,680 --> 00:50:31,839 Speaker 1: I can't wait for that movie to come out. Ah, 875 00:50:31,880 --> 00:50:34,920 Speaker 1: you got anything else? I don't think so. I'd be 876 00:50:35,000 --> 00:50:36,879 Speaker 1: surprised if you did. We've gone on for a good 877 00:50:36,920 --> 00:50:40,279 Speaker 1: six seven minutes beyond when we should have stopped. I 878 00:50:40,280 --> 00:50:42,560 Speaker 1: think I like that game aspect of that one that 879 00:50:42,640 --> 00:50:45,880 Speaker 1: was one. Oh. Your score, by the way, indicates that 880 00:50:45,920 --> 00:50:51,840 Speaker 1: you do experience disgust from time to time. I'm not 881 00:50:51,880 --> 00:50:55,920 Speaker 1: a serial killer, no, no, uh, And I don't know 882 00:50:55,960 --> 00:50:58,080 Speaker 1: if you guys heard her not, but Jerry also gave 883 00:50:58,080 --> 00:51:00,799 Speaker 1: her answers as well. That's right. Uh. If you want 884 00:51:00,800 --> 00:51:03,359 Speaker 1: to know more about disgust, you can just go look 885 00:51:03,400 --> 00:51:05,560 Speaker 1: at some weird stuff on the internet. It's out there 886 00:51:05,600 --> 00:51:08,080 Speaker 1: for you. Uh. And since I said that it's time 887 00:51:08,120 --> 00:51:12,719 Speaker 1: for listener mail, I'm gonna call this one of the 888 00:51:12,800 --> 00:51:17,520 Speaker 1: many dyslexia emails we got. Those were really rolling in 889 00:51:18,200 --> 00:51:24,320 Speaker 1: from people who have overcome dyslexia and adults living with dyslexia. UM. 890 00:51:24,360 --> 00:51:27,839 Speaker 1: So this one is from from a fellow Atlanta named 891 00:51:27,880 --> 00:51:31,960 Speaker 1: Audrey Short, and she says this, Hey guys, I have dyslexia, 892 00:51:31,960 --> 00:51:33,480 Speaker 1: and I was so happy to hear you talking about 893 00:51:33,480 --> 00:51:36,000 Speaker 1: my learning disability. I was diagnosed when I was about 894 00:51:36,000 --> 00:51:38,840 Speaker 1: ten uh and went to the Shanks School in Atlanta, 895 00:51:38,960 --> 00:51:43,880 Speaker 1: which is specifically for children with dyslexia. In fact, she 896 00:51:43,960 --> 00:51:48,560 Speaker 1: sent in a following follow up email just to clarify that, um, 897 00:51:48,600 --> 00:51:50,640 Speaker 1: we learned how to read and write using a technique 898 00:51:50,680 --> 00:51:54,280 Speaker 1: called Orton Gillingham. When I left after the fourth grade, 899 00:51:54,320 --> 00:51:57,279 Speaker 1: I could actually read. More importantly, I love to read 900 00:51:57,640 --> 00:51:59,719 Speaker 1: and devoured every book I could get my hands on. 901 00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:02,120 Speaker 1: While I graduated top of my class. I had to 902 00:52:02,120 --> 00:52:05,680 Speaker 1: work twice as hard as my classmates to keep up 903 00:52:05,719 --> 00:52:09,120 Speaker 1: with the required readings and homework. Uh. My peers seemed 904 00:52:09,120 --> 00:52:11,360 Speaker 1: to think that my extra time I received for exams 905 00:52:11,880 --> 00:52:14,320 Speaker 1: was the reason I did so well, not the countless 906 00:52:14,320 --> 00:52:18,200 Speaker 1: hours on late nights I spent um learning the material. 907 00:52:18,360 --> 00:52:21,520 Speaker 1: While this bullying did affect me, did not discourage me 908 00:52:21,600 --> 00:52:25,960 Speaker 1: from pursuing my education at college. I attended Miami University 909 00:52:25,960 --> 00:52:29,680 Speaker 1: and Ohio, graduating this May with a three point nine 910 00:52:29,760 --> 00:52:35,320 Speaker 1: nine g p A Biochemistry and Physics. I planned to 911 00:52:35,480 --> 00:52:37,840 Speaker 1: tend a PhD program at Harvard or you see, Berkeley. 912 00:52:38,560 --> 00:52:40,439 Speaker 1: I'm not saying this to brag, but to tell other 913 00:52:40,920 --> 00:52:43,960 Speaker 1: children with dyslexia to keep trying. I know so many 914 00:52:43,960 --> 00:52:46,920 Speaker 1: students are afraid to ask for extra time or accommodations 915 00:52:46,920 --> 00:52:48,680 Speaker 1: because they don't want to be bullied or stand out. 916 00:52:48,960 --> 00:52:51,840 Speaker 1: I'm proud of my dyslexia because, uh, it has forced 917 00:52:51,840 --> 00:52:53,920 Speaker 1: me to learn how to stand up for my student rights. 918 00:52:54,320 --> 00:52:56,280 Speaker 1: I've made it to where I am today by utilizing 919 00:52:56,280 --> 00:52:59,239 Speaker 1: the tools given to me, like extra time. And I 920 00:52:59,239 --> 00:53:02,359 Speaker 1: want to encourage people with learning disabilities to seek help 921 00:53:02,680 --> 00:53:06,319 Speaker 1: because you are intelligent and your unique perspective just might 922 00:53:06,400 --> 00:53:11,719 Speaker 1: change your field entirely. Nice Audrey, Audrey Short great and 923 00:53:11,840 --> 00:53:14,400 Speaker 1: Audrey that is great emails, so that kind of replaces 924 00:53:14,480 --> 00:53:17,440 Speaker 1: that whole like, look, this famous person made it. You 925 00:53:17,440 --> 00:53:20,319 Speaker 1: can just tell people, let me tell you about Audrey Short. 926 00:53:20,600 --> 00:53:25,160 Speaker 1: I agreed. Okay, way to go, Audrey, that's fantastic. Congratulations 927 00:53:25,160 --> 00:53:28,799 Speaker 1: early on um graduating with a three point nine nine man, 928 00:53:28,880 --> 00:53:32,440 Speaker 1: that's impressive, and good luck in grad school too. If 929 00:53:32,440 --> 00:53:34,239 Speaker 1: you want to get in touch with us, like Audrey did, 930 00:53:34,280 --> 00:53:36,440 Speaker 1: you can go onto stuff you Should Know dot com 931 00:53:36,480 --> 00:53:39,680 Speaker 1: and check out the social links there. You can also 932 00:53:39,680 --> 00:53:42,960 Speaker 1: send us an email. Send it off to Stuff podcast 933 00:53:43,320 --> 00:53:50,840 Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com. For more on this 934 00:53:51,040 --> 00:53:53,560 Speaker 1: and thousands of other topics, is it how stuff works 935 00:53:53,560 --> 00:54:04,440 Speaker 1: dot com