1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:02,840 Speaker 1: Hello everyone, it's Eves checking in here to let you 2 00:00:02,880 --> 00:00:04,960 Speaker 1: know that you're going to be hearing two different events 3 00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:07,400 Speaker 1: in history in this episode. They're both good, if I 4 00:00:07,440 --> 00:00:11,080 Speaker 1: do say so myself. On with the show. Hi everyone, 5 00:00:11,760 --> 00:00:15,080 Speaker 1: Welcome to this Day in History class, where we uncover 6 00:00:15,200 --> 00:00:28,360 Speaker 1: the remnants of history every day. The day was June. 7 00:00:31,360 --> 00:00:37,640 Speaker 1: Markte Zuma the Second, the ninth Aztec Emperor of Mexico, died. Alternatively, 8 00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:40,279 Speaker 1: the date of his death has also been given as 9 00:00:40,360 --> 00:00:45,720 Speaker 1: June ju or July one. He may have died from 10 00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:48,360 Speaker 1: the wounds inflicted on him by a group of Aztecs 11 00:00:48,400 --> 00:00:51,519 Speaker 1: angry at his submission to the Spaniards, or he may 12 00:00:51,560 --> 00:00:55,480 Speaker 1: have been killed by Spaniards. Mark te Zuma the Second, 13 00:00:55,760 --> 00:00:59,800 Speaker 1: also known as Maka Kustoma Shoko Yosen, was born sometime 14 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:03,040 Speaker 1: around fourteen sixty six in te Note t Lin, the 15 00:01:03,080 --> 00:01:08,240 Speaker 1: capital of the Aztec Empire. Town was located where Mexico 16 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:13,720 Speaker 1: City is today. When Markazuma was young, his father became Slatawani, 17 00:01:13,920 --> 00:01:17,679 Speaker 1: or emperor of te note Tilon, succeeding Martezuma the First. 18 00:01:18,800 --> 00:01:21,959 Speaker 1: There was more than one Tlatawani and the Aztec Empire, 19 00:01:22,440 --> 00:01:26,039 Speaker 1: but the Tlatawani of teln was the top ruler and 20 00:01:26,120 --> 00:01:30,840 Speaker 1: the supreme leader of the Aztec people. Growing up, Markazuma 21 00:01:30,920 --> 00:01:34,680 Speaker 1: the second was well educated in religion, science, and art, 22 00:01:35,200 --> 00:01:37,560 Speaker 1: and he went to the calm Caque, which was a 23 00:01:37,600 --> 00:01:40,560 Speaker 1: temple school where he studied religious texts and songs of 24 00:01:40,600 --> 00:01:45,280 Speaker 1: the gods. When Martezuma's father died, one of his uncle's 25 00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:50,120 Speaker 1: de silk Seen, took the throne. Another of Marka Zuma's uncle's, 26 00:01:50,120 --> 00:01:55,200 Speaker 1: a Weisel, succeeded him. At this point, Markazuma was serving 27 00:01:55,240 --> 00:01:59,000 Speaker 1: as a general under the emperor. Markazuma went on military 28 00:01:59,040 --> 00:02:03,160 Speaker 1: campaigns and earned to be an effective military leader. When 29 00:02:03,200 --> 00:02:06,680 Speaker 1: the emperor died, mate Zuma took his place and became 30 00:02:06,760 --> 00:02:10,480 Speaker 1: ruler of the enormous Aztec Empire in fifteen o two. 31 00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:14,799 Speaker 1: Under markte Zuma's reign, the Aztec Empire grew to its 32 00:02:14,880 --> 00:02:19,640 Speaker 1: largest size, but his rule created political and social strife 33 00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:23,680 Speaker 1: in the Aztec Empire. Markte Zuma was devoted to his 34 00:02:23,760 --> 00:02:28,880 Speaker 1: religion and he ruled from a fatalistic perspective. He upped 35 00:02:28,880 --> 00:02:32,680 Speaker 1: the tributes required from conquered tribes and demanded more victims 36 00:02:32,680 --> 00:02:36,880 Speaker 1: for religious sacrifices. He also banned commoners from working in 37 00:02:36,960 --> 00:02:42,280 Speaker 1: royal palaces and taxed people heavily, which stoked resentment. But 38 00:02:42,360 --> 00:02:46,079 Speaker 1: in fifteen nineteen Adnan Cortes and hundreds of other Spanish 39 00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:50,080 Speaker 1: invaders arrived at the Gulf coast of Mexico with plans 40 00:02:50,120 --> 00:02:54,960 Speaker 1: of exploitation and conquest. As they traveled inland, they made 41 00:02:55,040 --> 00:02:58,639 Speaker 1: friends with people that were hostile to the Aztecs, such 42 00:02:58,680 --> 00:03:01,760 Speaker 1: as the Talks Call On, an indigenous group in the region. 43 00:03:02,880 --> 00:03:05,880 Speaker 1: Marte Zuma sent people out to meet Cortes and assess 44 00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:10,720 Speaker 1: his intentions. Cortez asserted he came in friendship, and by 45 00:03:10,720 --> 00:03:14,600 Speaker 1: November the Spanish made it to take no tlon. Markte 46 00:03:14,680 --> 00:03:17,760 Speaker 1: Zuma welcomed them, gave them gifts, and hosted them in 47 00:03:17,840 --> 00:03:22,640 Speaker 1: his palace, but soon tensions between the Spaniards and Aztecs grew. 48 00:03:23,680 --> 00:03:27,320 Speaker 1: Cortez took marte Zuma prisoner, hoping that the Aztecs would 49 00:03:27,320 --> 00:03:31,519 Speaker 1: refrain from attacking if he captured their ruler. Marte Zuma 50 00:03:31,560 --> 00:03:35,320 Speaker 1: continued to rule while being held prisoner. Cortez went to 51 00:03:35,360 --> 00:03:38,880 Speaker 1: the coast to fight another Spanish army led by Bonfilo 52 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:42,080 Speaker 1: de Nato Bias that had arrived on the coast of Mexico, 53 00:03:43,200 --> 00:03:46,680 Speaker 1: but after an Aztec celebration ended in the massacre of 54 00:03:46,760 --> 00:03:52,160 Speaker 1: indigenous people by Spaniards, battles began in the capital. Cortes 55 00:03:52,280 --> 00:03:55,600 Speaker 1: returned to take No Lion with reinforcements from Nari Bias, 56 00:03:55,600 --> 00:03:59,400 Speaker 1: defeated army, but he realized that the Spanish and Aztecs 57 00:03:59,480 --> 00:04:03,440 Speaker 1: had lost control over the city. Markte Zuma the Second 58 00:04:03,560 --> 00:04:09,280 Speaker 1: died on or around June. Exactly how he died is unclear. 59 00:04:10,400 --> 00:04:13,600 Speaker 1: There are differing accounts of his death from European and 60 00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:18,080 Speaker 1: indigenous people. Cortes told marte Zuma to issue an order 61 00:04:18,160 --> 00:04:21,680 Speaker 1: to the tay notched delon people to stop attacking the Spaniards. 62 00:04:22,320 --> 00:04:25,600 Speaker 1: Spanish accounts said that a mob of Aztecs threw stones 63 00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:28,800 Speaker 1: and arrows at marte Zuma after he enjoined them to 64 00:04:28,800 --> 00:04:32,200 Speaker 1: stop fighting the Europeans as they had lost respect for 65 00:04:32,240 --> 00:04:35,400 Speaker 1: the ruler for submitting to the Spaniards. He did not 66 00:04:35,560 --> 00:04:38,800 Speaker 1: eat or get medical treatment, and he died of his 67 00:04:38,839 --> 00:04:43,599 Speaker 1: wounds days later. Indigenous accounts, on the other hand, claimed 68 00:04:43,640 --> 00:04:48,799 Speaker 1: that Spaniards stabbed markte Zuma. Marte Zuma's brother, quit Lawak, 69 00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:52,679 Speaker 1: succeeded marte Zuma as leader of the Aztec Empire, though 70 00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:55,760 Speaker 1: He soon died of smallpox that the Europeans had brought. 71 00:04:56,800 --> 00:05:00,320 Speaker 1: He was succeeded by kat Mak, the last Aztec brewer. 72 00:05:01,440 --> 00:05:05,080 Speaker 1: Views of marte Zuma's legacy differ. Some accounts have portrayed 73 00:05:05,160 --> 00:05:07,920 Speaker 1: marte Zuma the second as a superstitious and a week 74 00:05:08,040 --> 00:05:11,080 Speaker 1: leader who buckled to the Spanish invaders and gave away 75 00:05:11,120 --> 00:05:14,720 Speaker 1: his empire, and some indigenous people saw him as a 76 00:05:14,720 --> 00:05:19,400 Speaker 1: trader who colluded with the Spaniards against them. Still, others 77 00:05:19,440 --> 00:05:23,599 Speaker 1: recognized him as a competent and noble leader. There is 78 00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:26,680 Speaker 1: no clear picture of his personality, and there are conflicting 79 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:30,200 Speaker 1: accounts of his rule. I'm Eves, Jeff Cote, and hopefully 80 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:32,599 Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you 81 00:05:32,640 --> 00:05:36,960 Speaker 1: did yesterday. You can find us on Twitter, Instagram and 82 00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:43,240 Speaker 1: Facebook at t D I h C podcast And if 83 00:05:43,279 --> 00:05:45,520 Speaker 1: you haven't yet listened to a new podcast that I 84 00:05:45,560 --> 00:05:48,480 Speaker 1: host called Unpopular, you can get it anywhere you get 85 00:05:48,520 --> 00:05:52,560 Speaker 1: your podcasts. Thanks again for listening and we'll see you tomorrow. 86 00:06:02,760 --> 00:06:05,760 Speaker 1: Hey y'all, I'm Eves and welcome to the Standard History Class, 87 00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:15,120 Speaker 1: a podcast that proves history is made every day. The 88 00:06:15,200 --> 00:06:20,400 Speaker 1: day was June. The Globe Theater in London, famous for 89 00:06:20,440 --> 00:06:24,279 Speaker 1: hosting performances of Shakespeare's plays, was destroyed in a fire. 90 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:27,159 Speaker 1: There were no deaths in the fire, and the theater 91 00:06:27,320 --> 00:06:31,320 Speaker 1: was rebuilt the next year. The Globe Theater was built 92 00:06:31,360 --> 00:06:34,760 Speaker 1: in and Southern on the south bank of the Thames. 93 00:06:35,200 --> 00:06:38,599 Speaker 1: It was constructed using wood from another venue called The Theater, 94 00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:42,719 Speaker 1: which was built in fifteen seventy six. The Globe Theater 95 00:06:42,880 --> 00:06:46,720 Speaker 1: was open air, about one feet in diameter, had three stories, 96 00:06:46,760 --> 00:06:49,960 Speaker 1: and could hold three thousand people. There was standing room 97 00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:51,720 Speaker 1: at the base of the stage for the so called 98 00:06:51,800 --> 00:06:56,080 Speaker 1: groundlings to watch the show. The Lord Chamberlain's Men was 99 00:06:56,120 --> 00:06:59,359 Speaker 1: an acting company that Shakespeare associated with during most of 100 00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:02,359 Speaker 1: his writing care year. Actors who were shareholders in the 101 00:07:02,400 --> 00:07:05,440 Speaker 1: Lord Chamberlain's Men became joint owners of the Globe Theater. 102 00:07:06,080 --> 00:07:11,160 Speaker 1: The original owners were Richard Bourbage, Cuthbert Bourbage, Shakespeare, John Hemmings, 103 00:07:11,200 --> 00:07:15,480 Speaker 1: Augustine Phillips and Thomas Pope. The first performance at the 104 00:07:15,480 --> 00:07:19,640 Speaker 1: theater took place in late fifteen. Most of Shakespeare's plays 105 00:07:19,680 --> 00:07:23,600 Speaker 1: after nine were staged at the Globe Theater. Hamlet, King 106 00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:26,080 Speaker 1: Lear and Macbeth were some of the plays that were 107 00:07:26,080 --> 00:07:31,080 Speaker 1: performed at the Globe over the next decade. On June, 108 00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:34,600 Speaker 1: the play All Is True, now known as Henry the Eighth, 109 00:07:34,840 --> 00:07:37,960 Speaker 1: was performed at the Globe. Shakespeare wrote the play, which 110 00:07:37,960 --> 00:07:40,440 Speaker 1: follows the story of King Henry the Eighth of England, 111 00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:45,560 Speaker 1: with John Fletcher. Shakespeare relied on Raphael Holland's Chronicles, a 112 00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:50,200 Speaker 1: description of British history, to write the play. During this performance, 113 00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:53,840 Speaker 1: a theatrical cannon that was set off misfired and ignited 114 00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:57,160 Speaker 1: the theater's wooden beams and thatching. The whole place was 115 00:07:57,240 --> 00:07:59,920 Speaker 1: a fire hazard because of its use of timber and thatching. 116 00:08:00,520 --> 00:08:04,120 Speaker 1: There weren't safety inspections and there weren't plans for evacuation 117 00:08:04,200 --> 00:08:08,080 Speaker 1: in case of a fire. There are several eyewitness accounts 118 00:08:08,080 --> 00:08:11,480 Speaker 1: of the event. According to diplomat and politicians Sir Henry 119 00:08:11,480 --> 00:08:14,480 Speaker 1: Watton's account, the cannon was set off when King Henry 120 00:08:14,640 --> 00:08:17,680 Speaker 1: entered for a mask scene at Cardinal was Ley's residence. 121 00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:21,360 Speaker 1: When the thatching started to smoke, people continued paying attention 122 00:08:21,400 --> 00:08:24,200 Speaker 1: to the show and thought it was just quote idle smoke, 123 00:08:24,760 --> 00:08:27,960 Speaker 1: but the fire spread quickly. Watton said that a man's 124 00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:30,160 Speaker 1: clothes caught on fire and were put out with the 125 00:08:30,200 --> 00:08:33,080 Speaker 1: bottle of Ale, and according to a letter written by 126 00:08:33,160 --> 00:08:37,560 Speaker 1: John Chamberlain, visitors escaped through quote two narrow doors. It 127 00:08:37,640 --> 00:08:40,000 Speaker 1: took less than two hours for the entire theater to 128 00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:43,640 Speaker 1: be destroyed by the blaze. Nobody mentioned any deaths in 129 00:08:43,679 --> 00:08:47,319 Speaker 1: the contemporary accounts, and there are no records of any otherwise. 130 00:08:48,720 --> 00:08:51,240 Speaker 1: It took a year to rebuild the globe. In the 131 00:08:51,280 --> 00:08:55,000 Speaker 1: new theater, the roof was tiled rather than thatched. The 132 00:08:55,040 --> 00:08:57,959 Speaker 1: globe was shut down by the Puritans in sixty two 133 00:08:58,200 --> 00:09:01,920 Speaker 1: and destroyed within the next few years. A reconstruction based 134 00:09:01,920 --> 00:09:04,600 Speaker 1: on the two original Globe theaters opened in London in 135 00:09:07,400 --> 00:09:09,959 Speaker 1: I'm Eve Jeff Coote, and hopefully you know a little 136 00:09:09,960 --> 00:09:13,199 Speaker 1: more about history today than you did yesterday. And if 137 00:09:13,240 --> 00:09:15,920 Speaker 1: you have any comments our suggestions, you can send them 138 00:09:15,960 --> 00:09:19,080 Speaker 1: to us at this day at iHeart media dot com. 139 00:09:19,120 --> 00:09:21,320 Speaker 1: You can also hit us up on social media where 140 00:09:21,320 --> 00:09:24,960 Speaker 1: at t D I HC podcast. Thanks so much for 141 00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:34,480 Speaker 1: listening to the show and we'll see you tomorrow. For 142 00:09:34,559 --> 00:09:36,720 Speaker 1: more podcasts from my Heart Radio, visit the I Heart 143 00:09:36,800 --> 00:09:39,320 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 144 00:09:39,320 --> 00:09:40,000 Speaker 1: favorite shows.