1 00:00:01,320 --> 00:00:04,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production 2 00:00:04,400 --> 00:00:14,280 Speaker 1: of iHeartRadio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy V. 3 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:17,560 Speaker 1: Wilson and I'm Holly Frye. Today we are going to 4 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:21,440 Speaker 1: talk about a brutal and pretty gruesome murder which at 5 00:00:21,440 --> 00:00:24,799 Speaker 1: the time was really the biggest news story of the day, 6 00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:27,520 Speaker 1: and a lot of that news, of course, was very 7 00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:31,280 Speaker 1: heavily sensationalized. It also inspired all kinds of books and 8 00:00:31,360 --> 00:00:36,360 Speaker 1: plays and illustrated broadsides. But today I think it's largely 9 00:00:36,400 --> 00:00:40,040 Speaker 1: been forgotten. This happened in England in eighteen twenty three. 10 00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:43,760 Speaker 1: The victim was a man named William Ware and his 11 00:00:43,880 --> 00:00:48,800 Speaker 1: last name was spelled weare. I have heard people say 12 00:00:48,840 --> 00:00:53,760 Speaker 1: this as both where and where, And there was a 13 00:00:53,840 --> 00:00:57,560 Speaker 1: ballad that rhymed it with the word ear, But a 14 00:00:57,560 --> 00:01:00,720 Speaker 1: lot of the other rhymes in that ballad don't exist rhymes, 15 00:01:00,760 --> 00:01:05,720 Speaker 1: so I don't That's not the biggest determiner. So, yeah, 16 00:01:05,760 --> 00:01:07,480 Speaker 1: if you have heard of this crime, or you do 17 00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:09,559 Speaker 1: know somebody with this last name, and you have thoughts 18 00:01:09,600 --> 00:01:12,880 Speaker 1: on this, I'd like I heard many people saying each 19 00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:16,560 Speaker 1: of these two ways, the name where or were, So 20 00:01:16,840 --> 00:01:21,440 Speaker 1: just be aware, Uh, the public's response to this crime 21 00:01:21,800 --> 00:01:25,640 Speaker 1: was also just really wrapped up in both fears and 22 00:01:25,760 --> 00:01:30,880 Speaker 1: fascination around gambling and crime and bare knuckle boxing, and 23 00:01:30,959 --> 00:01:34,440 Speaker 1: this idea that there was a seedy criminal underworld that 24 00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:41,120 Speaker 1: was threatening respectable British society. William Ware lived at Lyon's Inn, 25 00:01:41,200 --> 00:01:44,200 Speaker 1: one of England's inns of chancery, which were connected to 26 00:01:44,280 --> 00:01:47,160 Speaker 1: its ends of Court. So the ends of Court are 27 00:01:47,280 --> 00:01:51,160 Speaker 1: voluntary societies that have been largely responsible for legal education 28 00:01:51,360 --> 00:01:53,800 Speaker 1: in England going back to at least the Middle Ages. 29 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:57,880 Speaker 1: They're the Middle Temple, the Inner Temple, Lincoln's In and 30 00:01:57,960 --> 00:02:02,280 Speaker 1: Gray's In. These still exist today and barristers in England 31 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:06,160 Speaker 1: and Wales belonged to one of them. Their exact history 32 00:02:06,240 --> 00:02:09,240 Speaker 1: is tricky to document, though, because they gradually evolved from 33 00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:12,600 Speaker 1: a tradition in which people learn to practice law almost 34 00:02:12,760 --> 00:02:17,440 Speaker 1: entirely by doing, like by working as someone's clerk. Yeah, 35 00:02:17,480 --> 00:02:19,520 Speaker 1: Like nobody sat down and decided they were going to 36 00:02:19,639 --> 00:02:23,480 Speaker 1: establish some ends of court. It was a gradual process 37 00:02:23,520 --> 00:02:26,680 Speaker 1: and that just makes the beginnings kind of fuzzy. For 38 00:02:26,720 --> 00:02:29,119 Speaker 1: a long time, though, a lot of people who wanted 39 00:02:29,120 --> 00:02:32,600 Speaker 1: to become barristers could start their training not at one 40 00:02:32,639 --> 00:02:34,679 Speaker 1: of the ends of court, but at one of the 41 00:02:34,760 --> 00:02:37,919 Speaker 1: ends of chancery, and these ends were focused on teaching 42 00:02:37,960 --> 00:02:41,520 Speaker 1: people the very basics of law and how to draft 43 00:02:41,680 --> 00:02:46,120 Speaker 1: various legal documents. Consequently, the ends of chancery have this 44 00:02:46,240 --> 00:02:49,200 Speaker 1: like whole interconnected history with the ends of court, and 45 00:02:49,240 --> 00:02:51,519 Speaker 1: that's outside the bounds of what we're talking about in 46 00:02:51,560 --> 00:02:57,600 Speaker 1: today's episode. But eventually two distinct professions developed within this system. 47 00:02:58,040 --> 00:03:00,919 Speaker 1: There were barristers who trained at the ends of court 48 00:03:00,960 --> 00:03:04,840 Speaker 1: and who were called to the bar, and then solicitors 49 00:03:05,280 --> 00:03:07,400 Speaker 1: who had more of a basic level of training. They 50 00:03:07,400 --> 00:03:09,600 Speaker 1: trained at the ends of chancery, and they often had 51 00:03:09,639 --> 00:03:14,280 Speaker 1: their lodgings and offices there. By the nineteenth century, though 52 00:03:14,320 --> 00:03:17,120 Speaker 1: the ends of chancery were really declining in terms of 53 00:03:17,120 --> 00:03:20,920 Speaker 1: their membership and their role in legal education, they had 54 00:03:20,919 --> 00:03:24,120 Speaker 1: already been seen as less prestigious than the ends of court, 55 00:03:24,360 --> 00:03:26,760 Speaker 1: not just because of their focus on a more rudimentary 56 00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:30,079 Speaker 1: legal education, but also because they were home to people 57 00:03:30,120 --> 00:03:33,320 Speaker 1: who had tried to become barristers but were refused a 58 00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:37,720 Speaker 1: call to the bar. Lions in so where William Ware 59 00:03:37,880 --> 00:03:42,840 Speaker 1: lived in particular, had a pretty poor reputation among the 60 00:03:42,920 --> 00:03:46,680 Speaker 1: ends of chancery in the nineteenth century. An article titled 61 00:03:46,800 --> 00:03:49,840 Speaker 1: Some Ends of Chancery, which was published in various law 62 00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:53,240 Speaker 1: journals in the early twentieth century, described it this way quote. 63 00:03:53,680 --> 00:03:57,240 Speaker 1: It was a queer old place lions In It perished 64 00:03:57,320 --> 00:04:00,440 Speaker 1: of public contempt long before it came to the hammer 65 00:04:00,480 --> 00:04:03,720 Speaker 1: in the pick. It was a gloomy expanse of dirt 66 00:04:03,800 --> 00:04:06,880 Speaker 1: and disrepute. In the days before the Globe theater and 67 00:04:06,920 --> 00:04:11,320 Speaker 1: the opera kamique usurped its site. Towards the last none 68 00:04:11,560 --> 00:04:15,240 Speaker 1: lived there but black legs, adventurers and attorneys who had 69 00:04:15,280 --> 00:04:19,120 Speaker 1: been struck of the rolls. It looked very wicked, did 70 00:04:19,160 --> 00:04:22,640 Speaker 1: this dingy square. It was a shady place of abode 71 00:04:22,680 --> 00:04:25,800 Speaker 1: in more ways than one. Mister Ware left one of 72 00:04:25,800 --> 00:04:29,200 Speaker 1: its tumble down sets of chambers with shutters swinging to 73 00:04:29,279 --> 00:04:31,640 Speaker 1: the wind when he set out for the country to 74 00:04:31,760 --> 00:04:36,240 Speaker 1: be murdered by mister Thurtel. Other than his being known 75 00:04:36,360 --> 00:04:39,719 Speaker 1: as William Ware of lions In and being murdered by 76 00:04:39,800 --> 00:04:43,800 Speaker 1: mister Thurtel, we know very little about William Ware's life. 77 00:04:44,160 --> 00:04:47,080 Speaker 1: There's some suggestion that he had worked as a waiter 78 00:04:47,680 --> 00:04:49,719 Speaker 1: and that he was part of a gang of criminal 79 00:04:49,760 --> 00:04:53,400 Speaker 1: Gamblers run by a man known as lemon Ware, was 80 00:04:53,520 --> 00:04:57,360 Speaker 1: murdered after allegedly cheating John Thurtel out of about three 81 00:04:57,480 --> 00:05:00,360 Speaker 1: hundred pounds. And we know a lot more about Thtel 82 00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:03,960 Speaker 1: than we do about where. Thurtell's father, Thomas, was a 83 00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:07,839 Speaker 1: prominent resident of Norwich, having served on the Common Council 84 00:05:08,040 --> 00:05:11,400 Speaker 1: and then as an alderman and then as sheriff, and 85 00:05:11,440 --> 00:05:14,520 Speaker 1: then about a year after this crime he became the 86 00:05:14,600 --> 00:05:18,200 Speaker 1: Mayor of Norwich. His son, John Thurtell, was born December 87 00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:21,760 Speaker 1: twenty first, seventeen ninety four, and was commissioned into the 88 00:05:21,839 --> 00:05:24,800 Speaker 1: Royal Marine in eighteen oh nine, where he ultimately became 89 00:05:24,839 --> 00:05:29,279 Speaker 1: a second lieutenant. At one point in his military career 90 00:05:29,440 --> 00:05:34,640 Speaker 1: he was briefly discharged for misconduct, but whatever that was 91 00:05:34,680 --> 00:05:37,480 Speaker 1: about seems not to have been that serious, because he 92 00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:40,320 Speaker 1: was allowed to return to service not long after that. 93 00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:44,400 Speaker 1: He resigned in eighteen fourteen, and then he went into 94 00:05:44,440 --> 00:05:48,760 Speaker 1: business as a bombazine manufacturer. Bombazine is a type of 95 00:05:48,839 --> 00:05:52,560 Speaker 1: dress fabric, and this is a business that Thurtell's father 96 00:05:52,680 --> 00:05:54,760 Speaker 1: set up for him. It does seem to be a 97 00:05:54,800 --> 00:05:59,680 Speaker 1: strange gearshift in terms of career. Thurtell did not do 98 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:02,839 Speaker 1: well in the bombazine business, though he had learned to 99 00:06:02,960 --> 00:06:06,120 Speaker 1: box when he was younger, and he became increasingly focused 100 00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:12,080 Speaker 1: on boxing, not textiles. Bare knuckle boxing was an intensely 101 00:06:12,120 --> 00:06:15,520 Speaker 1: popular activity in regency England, and one in which the 102 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:18,159 Speaker 1: social classes mixed in a way that many in the 103 00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:23,320 Speaker 1: upper classes found deeply inappropriate. A gentleman might take lessons 104 00:06:23,360 --> 00:06:26,560 Speaker 1: in boxing, also called pugilism, in the same way that 105 00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:31,040 Speaker 1: he might pursue fencing, but professional boxing was often frowned 106 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:35,040 Speaker 1: upon or even illegal, and underground boxing matches were associated 107 00:06:35,080 --> 00:06:39,040 Speaker 1: with all kinds of crime, including gambling and fixing matches, 108 00:06:39,400 --> 00:06:43,720 Speaker 1: with pickpockets and thieves working the crowds. The word blackleg, 109 00:06:43,760 --> 00:06:46,880 Speaker 1: which was also used to describe strike breakers, was used 110 00:06:46,920 --> 00:06:49,799 Speaker 1: to describe all kinds of criminals connected to the world 111 00:06:49,800 --> 00:06:54,080 Speaker 1: of underground boxing and the interconnected world of boxing and gambling, 112 00:06:54,120 --> 00:06:56,560 Speaker 1: and the people who were part of it were nicknamed 113 00:06:56,680 --> 00:07:01,719 Speaker 1: the fancy. Thurtell's interest in boxing soon really overwhelmed his 114 00:07:01,880 --> 00:07:05,400 Speaker 1: interest in his business, and he started losing money and 115 00:07:05,520 --> 00:07:07,600 Speaker 1: turning to crimes of his own to try to make 116 00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:12,720 Speaker 1: up the difference. Crime historian Albert Borrowitz described this shift 117 00:07:13,160 --> 00:07:15,960 Speaker 1: from being the son of a respected local leader to 118 00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:20,760 Speaker 1: being a criminal as quote like a Hogarthian cautionary tale. 119 00:07:21,720 --> 00:07:24,160 Speaker 1: As the second time Hogarth's name has come up on 120 00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:27,480 Speaker 1: the show in recent weeks, it is artist and satirist 121 00:07:27,560 --> 00:07:30,640 Speaker 1: William Hogarth, who we've covered on the show before, including 122 00:07:30,720 --> 00:07:34,320 Speaker 1: as a Saturday Classic in twenty twenty one. Hogarth was 123 00:07:34,360 --> 00:07:37,400 Speaker 1: known for works like A Harlot's Progress, which was a 124 00:07:37,440 --> 00:07:40,360 Speaker 1: series of paintings about a young woman becoming a sex 125 00:07:40,440 --> 00:07:44,840 Speaker 1: worker presented as kind of a cautionary tale. At one point, 126 00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:48,240 Speaker 1: Thurtell traveled from Norwich to London to collect the money 127 00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:51,000 Speaker 1: for goods he'd sold money that was all due to 128 00:07:51,040 --> 00:07:54,120 Speaker 1: his creditors, but he later claimed that he had been 129 00:07:54,160 --> 00:07:57,440 Speaker 1: beaten and robbed of it all on the road. His 130 00:07:57,560 --> 00:08:02,040 Speaker 1: creditors did not believe this story, and he ultimately declared bankruptcy. 131 00:08:03,320 --> 00:08:05,880 Speaker 1: After this, he moved to London, where he tried to 132 00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:09,600 Speaker 1: run a public house, once again running up debts instead 133 00:08:09,600 --> 00:08:13,080 Speaker 1: of turning a profit, and so he turned to focus 134 00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:16,120 Speaker 1: more to boxing. He became a boxing trainer and a 135 00:08:16,160 --> 00:08:20,440 Speaker 1: backer of boxers. He made connections to a number of 136 00:08:20,480 --> 00:08:23,360 Speaker 1: other men who were in sort of a similar personal 137 00:08:23,400 --> 00:08:27,160 Speaker 1: and financial situation to his. One was William Probert, who 138 00:08:27,240 --> 00:08:30,520 Speaker 1: had gone bankrupt after failing to become a wine merchant. 139 00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:34,760 Speaker 1: There was also Joseph Hunt, who worked in taverns and 140 00:08:34,840 --> 00:08:38,160 Speaker 1: had once reportedly managed the army in Navy Tavern, but 141 00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:40,800 Speaker 1: he also had run up a bunch of debts there 142 00:08:41,240 --> 00:08:45,480 Speaker 1: before abruptly quitting. So the whole group of men very 143 00:08:45,480 --> 00:08:49,440 Speaker 1: good at running up debts apparently, I mean who among us? 144 00:08:49,720 --> 00:08:53,000 Speaker 1: Uh Thurtell's brother Tom had a criminal history of his own, 145 00:08:53,040 --> 00:08:55,840 Speaker 1: and along with some other men, the brothers were part 146 00:08:56,000 --> 00:09:00,520 Speaker 1: of an arson and insurance fraud attempt in eighteen twenty three. 147 00:09:00,640 --> 00:09:02,920 Speaker 1: John got a loan from his father and used it 148 00:09:02,960 --> 00:09:07,000 Speaker 1: to buy some bombazine, which he secretly sold. Then some 149 00:09:07,040 --> 00:09:09,680 Speaker 1: of the co conspirators burned down the warehouse where the 150 00:09:09,679 --> 00:09:14,400 Speaker 1: fabric was supposedly being stored. The insurance company alleged that 151 00:09:14,440 --> 00:09:17,560 Speaker 1: the warehouse fire was arson and refused to pay their claim, 152 00:09:17,760 --> 00:09:22,640 Speaker 1: so Tom sued them. Although this whole thing seemed really suspicious, 153 00:09:22,840 --> 00:09:26,120 Speaker 1: a jury ordered the insurance company to pay the claim. 154 00:09:26,760 --> 00:09:29,160 Speaker 1: Of course, the insurance company did not want to do 155 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:32,880 Speaker 1: this and alleged that there was fraud involved, and ultimately 156 00:09:32,920 --> 00:09:36,880 Speaker 1: that did lead to the Thurtel brothers being indicted just 157 00:09:36,920 --> 00:09:40,400 Speaker 1: to close the circle on that this case was ongoing 158 00:09:40,520 --> 00:09:44,600 Speaker 1: during this murder. In John Thurtel's murder trial, and Tom 159 00:09:44,679 --> 00:09:47,840 Speaker 1: and one of his co conspirators were later convicted of 160 00:09:47,920 --> 00:09:51,480 Speaker 1: fraud and sentenced to two years in prison. Thurtell was 161 00:09:51,480 --> 00:09:53,840 Speaker 1: described as the sort of person who came from the 162 00:09:53,880 --> 00:09:57,720 Speaker 1: country to London thinking that he was worldly inexperienced, but 163 00:09:57,800 --> 00:10:01,440 Speaker 1: then fell prey to various swim at the gambling table. 164 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:05,720 Speaker 1: According to Thurtel, one of those was William Ware, who 165 00:10:05,760 --> 00:10:08,640 Speaker 1: he said cheated him out of about three hundred pounds 166 00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:12,080 Speaker 1: in a game of blind hooky. This is a card 167 00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:15,560 Speaker 1: game that's known by various other names, including banker and broker. 168 00:10:16,480 --> 00:10:19,439 Speaker 1: This game is one of random chance and luck. It's 169 00:10:19,480 --> 00:10:22,439 Speaker 1: a process of shuffling and cutting cards and dealing them 170 00:10:22,440 --> 00:10:25,480 Speaker 1: into piles, and then comparing the bottom card of each 171 00:10:25,520 --> 00:10:28,640 Speaker 1: pile to the dealer's card, with the high card winning. 172 00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:31,679 Speaker 1: If you're good at sleight of hand, though, you can 173 00:10:31,720 --> 00:10:34,360 Speaker 1: stack the deck in your favor or slip your own 174 00:10:34,480 --> 00:10:38,559 Speaker 1: high card onto the bottom of your pile. Where had 175 00:10:38,600 --> 00:10:42,400 Speaker 1: a reputation for carrying large amounts of money around with 176 00:10:42,520 --> 00:10:45,960 Speaker 1: him because he did not trust the banks, so Thurtel, 177 00:10:46,520 --> 00:10:50,520 Speaker 1: who at this point was being described as increasingly embittered 178 00:10:50,640 --> 00:10:53,240 Speaker 1: and angry in the face of all that had gone 179 00:10:53,240 --> 00:10:55,760 Speaker 1: wrong in his life, came up with a plan to 180 00:10:55,760 --> 00:10:58,240 Speaker 1: try to both get even and get his hands on 181 00:10:58,280 --> 00:11:00,480 Speaker 1: some of that money. And we're going to talk more 182 00:11:00,600 --> 00:11:03,760 Speaker 1: about how this whole thing unfurroled. After a sponsor break 183 00:11:13,559 --> 00:11:17,800 Speaker 1: in October of eighteen twenty three, John Thurtel invited William 184 00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:20,960 Speaker 1: Ware out for a weekend of gambling and shooting at 185 00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:25,200 Speaker 1: a cottage in radlet, Hertfordshire where William Probert was living, 186 00:11:26,040 --> 00:11:28,719 Speaker 1: but Where did not make it there. On the night 187 00:11:28,760 --> 00:11:32,240 Speaker 1: of Friday, October twenty fourth, Thurtel pulled a gun on 188 00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:34,480 Speaker 1: him in their gig as they were on the way 189 00:11:34,520 --> 00:11:39,439 Speaker 1: to the cottage. Thurtel reportedly demanded that Ware explain himself 190 00:11:39,520 --> 00:11:43,160 Speaker 1: and Where was unrepentant, so Thurtel tried to shoot him 191 00:11:43,200 --> 00:11:47,000 Speaker 1: in the face. Either he missed or the gun misfired. 192 00:11:47,160 --> 00:11:51,600 Speaker 1: This bullet only grazed War's cheek, so Thurtel used his 193 00:11:51,800 --> 00:11:55,360 Speaker 1: pen knife to slit Whre's throat and then beat him 194 00:11:55,360 --> 00:11:59,200 Speaker 1: in the head with his pistol. Thurtel then dragged Where's 195 00:11:59,240 --> 00:12:02,400 Speaker 1: body away first hiding it in some brush, and then 196 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:05,839 Speaker 1: dumping it into the fish pond near the cottage. When 197 00:12:05,840 --> 00:12:08,360 Speaker 1: he went inside and told Probert what he had done, 198 00:12:08,720 --> 00:12:12,840 Speaker 1: Probert demanded that he move the body somewhere else Apart 199 00:12:12,880 --> 00:12:15,760 Speaker 1: from this fish pond being adjacent to Probert's cottage and 200 00:12:15,840 --> 00:12:19,280 Speaker 1: Probert wanting to distance himself from the murder, it doesn't 201 00:12:19,320 --> 00:12:22,199 Speaker 1: sound like Thurtell did a great job with this attempted 202 00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:25,080 Speaker 1: body dumping. When they went out to the pond Where's 203 00:12:25,120 --> 00:12:28,040 Speaker 1: feet were sticking out of it, with the help of 204 00:12:28,120 --> 00:12:31,400 Speaker 1: Joseph Hunt, they took Where's body to another pond in Elstree, 205 00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:34,560 Speaker 1: about three miles away, which is why sometimes this is 206 00:12:34,600 --> 00:12:38,280 Speaker 1: called the Elstree murder. It did not take long for 207 00:12:38,320 --> 00:12:41,520 Speaker 1: people in the area to start thinking that something suspicious 208 00:12:41,600 --> 00:12:45,040 Speaker 1: had happened. A man named Philip Smith reported that he 209 00:12:45,120 --> 00:12:48,440 Speaker 1: had heard a gunshot followed by three or four minutes 210 00:12:48,480 --> 00:12:51,640 Speaker 1: of groaning while he was out with his wife. She 211 00:12:51,800 --> 00:12:54,880 Speaker 1: was really upset by what they had heard, but he 212 00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:57,400 Speaker 1: did not go to investigate because he didn't want to 213 00:12:57,480 --> 00:13:01,679 Speaker 1: leave her by herself. Another named Freeman said he had 214 00:13:01,720 --> 00:13:04,960 Speaker 1: seen two men in a gig going very fast, and 215 00:13:05,040 --> 00:13:09,120 Speaker 1: that he had yelled at them about their recklessness. On Sunday, 216 00:13:09,360 --> 00:13:12,960 Speaker 1: two workers named John Heatherington and Richard Hunt found a 217 00:13:12,960 --> 00:13:15,840 Speaker 1: pistol and a pen knife by the road, and the 218 00:13:15,880 --> 00:13:18,679 Speaker 1: pistol was covered in blood and hair, with its barrel 219 00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:22,440 Speaker 1: full of what looked like brains. Heatherington said that the 220 00:13:22,520 --> 00:13:24,800 Speaker 1: night before he had seen two men poking through a 221 00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:27,880 Speaker 1: hedge nearby like they were looking for something, and when 222 00:13:27,880 --> 00:13:29,920 Speaker 1: he asked them about it, they said that they'd been 223 00:13:29,920 --> 00:13:32,000 Speaker 1: out in a gig when it had overturned and they 224 00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:35,600 Speaker 1: were looking for their belongings. In other words, their telling 225 00:13:35,679 --> 00:13:39,320 Speaker 1: company left the murder weapons lying around on Friday night 226 00:13:39,400 --> 00:13:42,080 Speaker 1: and went looking for them on Saturday, but could not 227 00:13:42,240 --> 00:13:45,760 Speaker 1: find them. These two workers handed over the pistol and 228 00:13:45,760 --> 00:13:48,640 Speaker 1: the knife to their boss, and ultimately these weapons were 229 00:13:48,640 --> 00:13:51,440 Speaker 1: given to the local magistrate, who had heard about the 230 00:13:51,520 --> 00:13:55,280 Speaker 1: report of the gunshot. Investigators went to the area where 231 00:13:55,280 --> 00:13:57,439 Speaker 1: the shot seemed to have come from, and they found 232 00:13:57,480 --> 00:14:02,600 Speaker 1: an obvious murder scene, complete with bloody drag marks leading 233 00:14:02,640 --> 00:14:07,480 Speaker 1: into the brush. Probert's cottage was nearby, so investigators went 234 00:14:07,559 --> 00:14:10,360 Speaker 1: there and found him on the verge of moving out, 235 00:14:10,400 --> 00:14:13,599 Speaker 1: with all of his belongings packed and loaded into wagons. 236 00:14:14,240 --> 00:14:16,880 Speaker 1: They placed him under arrest and he told them his 237 00:14:17,040 --> 00:14:20,640 Speaker 1: guests that weekend had been John Thurtell and Joseph Hunt. 238 00:14:21,080 --> 00:14:25,120 Speaker 1: All three men were ultimately taken into custody. An officer 239 00:14:25,240 --> 00:14:28,400 Speaker 1: Ruthven found two more firearms at the inn where Thurtell 240 00:14:28,480 --> 00:14:32,800 Speaker 1: had been staying, along with bloody clothing, and local authorities 241 00:14:32,840 --> 00:14:36,520 Speaker 1: asked for help from the Bow Street runners. As the 242 00:14:36,560 --> 00:14:40,800 Speaker 1: investigation was going on and magistrates were questioning people, London 243 00:14:40,920 --> 00:14:45,320 Speaker 1: solicitor John Noll arrived and told senior magistrate Robert Clutterbuck 244 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:48,440 Speaker 1: and his colleague John finch Mason that he might know 245 00:14:48,520 --> 00:14:51,560 Speaker 1: who the victim was. Noel thought it was his client 246 00:14:51,680 --> 00:14:54,360 Speaker 1: William Ware, who had said he was going on a 247 00:14:54,440 --> 00:14:58,040 Speaker 1: shooting excursion but had not come home and no one 248 00:14:58,080 --> 00:15:01,640 Speaker 1: had been able to find him. When Joseph Hunt was questioned, 249 00:15:01,680 --> 00:15:05,000 Speaker 1: he gave a very detailed statement about what had happened, 250 00:15:05,360 --> 00:15:08,360 Speaker 1: including a lot of things from well before the actual murderer. 251 00:15:09,000 --> 00:15:11,960 Speaker 1: He talked about the three hundred pounds Thurtel said where 252 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:14,720 Speaker 1: had cheated him out of, and how he had accompanied 253 00:15:14,760 --> 00:15:18,320 Speaker 1: Thurtel to a pawnshop where Thurtell had bought some pistols, 254 00:15:18,680 --> 00:15:22,880 Speaker 1: and how they'd made plans for this shooting excursion. He 255 00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:25,480 Speaker 1: said that when Thurtell had come into the cottage that 256 00:15:25,560 --> 00:15:29,680 Speaker 1: Friday night, he said, I have settled that bee who 257 00:15:29,800 --> 00:15:32,800 Speaker 1: robbed me of three hundred pounds, and that when Probert 258 00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:36,000 Speaker 1: asked what he meant, Thurtell said, quote, I meant to 259 00:15:36,040 --> 00:15:38,280 Speaker 1: say that I have blown his brains out, and he 260 00:15:38,400 --> 00:15:42,360 Speaker 1: lays behind a hedge in the lane. According to Hunt, 261 00:15:42,560 --> 00:15:46,200 Speaker 1: Robert was highly upset at this revelation, saying, quote, you 262 00:15:46,360 --> 00:15:48,720 Speaker 1: have never been guilty of a thing of that kind, 263 00:15:48,800 --> 00:15:52,520 Speaker 1: John Thurtel. If you have and near my cottage, my 264 00:15:52,720 --> 00:15:56,720 Speaker 1: character and family are ruined forever. But I cannot believe 265 00:15:56,880 --> 00:15:59,840 Speaker 1: that you have been guilty of so rash an act. 266 00:16:00,480 --> 00:16:04,400 Speaker 1: And then, in something that seems pretty strange, Hunt said, 267 00:16:04,440 --> 00:16:07,560 Speaker 1: Probert remembered that dinner needed to be made for the evening, 268 00:16:07,640 --> 00:16:10,200 Speaker 1: and he told Hunt to take a pork loin to 269 00:16:10,280 --> 00:16:14,440 Speaker 1: the kitchen. According to Hunt's statements, Thurtel said he felt 270 00:16:14,440 --> 00:16:17,000 Speaker 1: too ill to eat at dinner that night, but then 271 00:16:17,080 --> 00:16:19,800 Speaker 1: later showed Hunt and Probert a gold watch he did 272 00:16:19,800 --> 00:16:22,760 Speaker 1: not have before, saying he thought it must be worth 273 00:16:22,840 --> 00:16:27,400 Speaker 1: at least three hundred pounds. Hunt also took investigators to 274 00:16:27,480 --> 00:16:30,640 Speaker 1: the pond where the body had been dumped, and they 275 00:16:30,760 --> 00:16:33,960 Speaker 1: used a drag to retrieve it. The body was taken 276 00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:37,120 Speaker 1: to an establishment run by a mister Fields, known as 277 00:16:37,200 --> 00:16:40,720 Speaker 1: the Artichoke, which was also one of the places, one 278 00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:43,480 Speaker 1: of several that Probert and Hunt had been out drinking 279 00:16:43,520 --> 00:16:47,240 Speaker 1: earlier on the night of the murder. Reports described the 280 00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:49,920 Speaker 1: body this way. Quote The head and as far as 281 00:16:49,960 --> 00:16:53,080 Speaker 1: the abdomen were enveloped in the sack, the body having 282 00:16:53,200 --> 00:16:57,240 Speaker 1: been thrust into it head foremost the feet were tied 283 00:16:57,280 --> 00:16:59,800 Speaker 1: together with a piece of cord, to which were appended 284 00:16:59,840 --> 00:17:03,920 Speaker 1: a pocket handkerchief filled with flint stones weighing about thirty pounds. 285 00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:07,280 Speaker 1: Another cord was tied over the sack round the waist 286 00:17:07,359 --> 00:17:10,159 Speaker 1: of the deceased, to which was effect a very large 287 00:17:10,200 --> 00:17:12,760 Speaker 1: flint stone, and in the end of the sack a 288 00:17:12,880 --> 00:17:15,960 Speaker 1: great number of stones had been placed before the body 289 00:17:16,040 --> 00:17:19,439 Speaker 1: was put into it. A coroner's inquest was held at 290 00:17:19,440 --> 00:17:22,919 Speaker 1: the Artichoke on October thirty first, before a jury of 291 00:17:22,960 --> 00:17:25,760 Speaker 1: twelve men. Many of the same witnesses who had given 292 00:17:25,760 --> 00:17:30,000 Speaker 1: statements to the magistrates were questioned a second time. Hunt 293 00:17:30,280 --> 00:17:34,320 Speaker 1: again told his entire story, which mostly lined up with 294 00:17:34,359 --> 00:17:38,000 Speaker 1: his earlier statements to the magistrates. Some of this seemed 295 00:17:38,040 --> 00:17:40,600 Speaker 1: like he was trying to be cooperative with the hope 296 00:17:40,600 --> 00:17:44,520 Speaker 1: of being treated leniently, but also trying not to say 297 00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:49,200 Speaker 1: anything that would incriminate him. He did admit to some things, though, 298 00:17:49,280 --> 00:17:51,919 Speaker 1: like buying the sack and cord that were used in 299 00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:55,440 Speaker 1: trying to hide the body in the pond. To add 300 00:17:55,520 --> 00:17:58,399 Speaker 1: to that weird bit earlier about Probert stopping in the 301 00:17:58,440 --> 00:18:02,200 Speaker 1: middle of being informed of a to make some dinner arrangements. 302 00:18:02,640 --> 00:18:06,320 Speaker 1: During the coroner's inquest, Hunt said that he had been 303 00:18:06,359 --> 00:18:09,239 Speaker 1: taken to Probert's cabin to act as an entertainer. He 304 00:18:09,320 --> 00:18:12,920 Speaker 1: was supposed to sing, and, according to this testimony, after 305 00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:16,119 Speaker 1: Thurtel came in and told everybody that he had murdered 306 00:18:16,160 --> 00:18:20,720 Speaker 1: where Hunt had resumed singing, in his words quote for 307 00:18:20,800 --> 00:18:25,159 Speaker 1: some short time. Probert was questioned as well, and similarly 308 00:18:25,240 --> 00:18:28,800 Speaker 1: gave statements that didn't implicate him in the actual murder. 309 00:18:29,359 --> 00:18:31,880 Speaker 1: He said he had been there before and after it happened, 310 00:18:31,960 --> 00:18:36,119 Speaker 1: but Surtell had acted alone, and he denied having hired 311 00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:39,080 Speaker 1: Hunt as a singer, but said that Hunt had sung 312 00:18:39,160 --> 00:18:41,720 Speaker 1: a song after Thurtel came in and told them he 313 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:46,240 Speaker 1: had killed someone. Once the inquest was over where's body 314 00:18:46,320 --> 00:18:48,720 Speaker 1: which had to be viewed by the coroner's jury, and 315 00:18:48,880 --> 00:18:53,040 Speaker 1: the accused was buried. The burial and the graveside funeral 316 00:18:53,080 --> 00:18:58,520 Speaker 1: service started at eleven pm to discourage any onlookers. Newspapers 317 00:18:58,520 --> 00:19:01,600 Speaker 1: had started reporting on the crime. I'm on October thirty first, 318 00:19:01,680 --> 00:19:05,399 Speaker 1: and over the objections of the magistrates, the Times printed 319 00:19:05,480 --> 00:19:08,720 Speaker 1: Hunt's initial account of the murder in its entirety on 320 00:19:08,760 --> 00:19:13,440 Speaker 1: the following day. This launched an enormous amount of reporting 321 00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:17,720 Speaker 1: in England, including a lot of illustrated publications. Sometimes this 322 00:19:17,840 --> 00:19:21,239 Speaker 1: is described as the first trial by newspapers in the 323 00:19:21,359 --> 00:19:24,960 Speaker 1: UK and is setting the stage for illustrated crime reporting 324 00:19:25,040 --> 00:19:29,320 Speaker 1: which really took off after this. After a sponsor break, 325 00:19:29,359 --> 00:19:42,040 Speaker 1: we'll talk about the trial and its aftermath. John Thurtell 326 00:19:42,119 --> 00:19:45,480 Speaker 1: and Joseph Hunt were tried for murder at the Hertford Assizes. 327 00:19:46,480 --> 00:19:49,919 Speaker 1: The trial was originally scheduled to start on December fourth, 328 00:19:49,960 --> 00:19:53,840 Speaker 1: eighteen twenty three, but Thurtel's lawyer asked for a postponement. 329 00:19:54,560 --> 00:19:58,760 Speaker 1: There had been already so much reporting about the crime, 330 00:19:58,840 --> 00:20:03,480 Speaker 1: and that reporting overwhelmingly presumed that his client was guilty, 331 00:20:04,320 --> 00:20:07,359 Speaker 1: so Thurtel's lawyer argued there was no way for a 332 00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:09,840 Speaker 1: trial to be fair. There was a lot of discussion 333 00:20:09,880 --> 00:20:13,600 Speaker 1: around this, and ultimately the trial was postponed to January sixth, 334 00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:18,359 Speaker 1: eighteen twenty four. Kind of unsurprisingly, that postponement did not 335 00:20:18,480 --> 00:20:20,720 Speaker 1: lead to a decline in all the reporting or the 336 00:20:20,800 --> 00:20:23,199 Speaker 1: interest in the case, though. On the day that the 337 00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:27,600 Speaker 1: trial finally started, the street from the jail to the 338 00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:32,040 Speaker 1: town hall was so clogged with carriages and onlookers that 339 00:20:32,200 --> 00:20:36,640 Speaker 1: presiding Judge Justice James Park had trouble getting into the building, 340 00:20:37,359 --> 00:20:40,879 Speaker 1: even though Hunt had given a detailed confession and taken 341 00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:44,840 Speaker 1: investigators to the body. William Probert was the one given 342 00:20:44,840 --> 00:20:48,240 Speaker 1: the opportunity to testify against the other two men in 343 00:20:48,320 --> 00:20:52,960 Speaker 1: exchange for clemency. The general public was already pretty convinced 344 00:20:52,960 --> 00:20:56,320 Speaker 1: about Thurtell and Hunt's guilt, though, and gallows were built 345 00:20:56,320 --> 00:21:00,840 Speaker 1: to hang them before the trial even started. The trial 346 00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:03,720 Speaker 1: lasted for two days, and both Thurtell and Hunt were 347 00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:08,399 Speaker 1: convicted of murder. Thurtell's father, Thomas reportedly refused to be 348 00:21:08,600 --> 00:21:11,919 Speaker 1: involved or to pay any of his son's legal expenses, 349 00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:14,800 Speaker 1: and there was some reporting also that really focused a 350 00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:18,960 Speaker 1: lot on how unfortunate it was that this upstanding man's 351 00:21:19,040 --> 00:21:23,119 Speaker 1: sons had turned out to be such miscreants. Beyond all 352 00:21:23,200 --> 00:21:26,280 Speaker 1: the many testimonies that had been given before the magistrates 353 00:21:26,280 --> 00:21:30,720 Speaker 1: and the coroner's jury, investigators had found so many witnesses 354 00:21:30,800 --> 00:21:34,280 Speaker 1: who had knowledge of some aspect of the crime, like 355 00:21:34,400 --> 00:21:36,399 Speaker 1: the owner of the pawn shop who said that he 356 00:21:36,440 --> 00:21:39,760 Speaker 1: had sold thirtel the pistols, and a rope maker who 357 00:21:39,800 --> 00:21:42,919 Speaker 1: said he remembered selling the sack and the cord. A 358 00:21:42,960 --> 00:21:45,400 Speaker 1: different shop owner said that he had sold a shovel 359 00:21:45,440 --> 00:21:47,439 Speaker 1: to one of the men that was a shovel that 360 00:21:47,520 --> 00:21:51,000 Speaker 1: had his trademark on the handle. Although this didn't wind 361 00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:53,639 Speaker 1: up being relevant to the case, it did suggest that 362 00:21:53,720 --> 00:21:56,159 Speaker 1: maybe the men had been planning to bury the body 363 00:21:56,320 --> 00:21:59,720 Speaker 1: rather than dump it in the pond. Hunt also rented 364 00:21:59,760 --> 00:22:02,680 Speaker 1: horse veres and gigs from the same men repeatedly over 365 00:22:02,720 --> 00:22:06,480 Speaker 1: the weekend of the crime, including at one point returning 366 00:22:06,520 --> 00:22:08,959 Speaker 1: a gig that had blood and dirt in the floor. 367 00:22:10,280 --> 00:22:13,840 Speaker 1: John Thurtell was hanged on January ninth, and in the 368 00:22:13,960 --> 00:22:17,199 Speaker 1: day that passed between his conviction and his execution, he 369 00:22:17,320 --> 00:22:20,639 Speaker 1: was reportedly focused mainly on the results of that day's 370 00:22:20,680 --> 00:22:24,600 Speaker 1: boxing matches and on telling Hunt he had forgiven him, 371 00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:29,080 Speaker 1: while Thurtell had maintained his innocence throughout the investigation and 372 00:22:29,160 --> 00:22:33,280 Speaker 1: the trial. Before his hanging, he told a chaplain that quote, 373 00:22:33,400 --> 00:22:36,479 Speaker 1: I admit that justice has been done me. I am 374 00:22:36,520 --> 00:22:40,199 Speaker 1: perfectly satisfied. He was hanged before a crowd of at 375 00:22:40,280 --> 00:22:44,440 Speaker 1: least fifteen thousand spectators, and his body was left hanging 376 00:22:44,480 --> 00:22:47,720 Speaker 1: for an hour before it was taken down. Part of 377 00:22:47,760 --> 00:22:52,200 Speaker 1: Thurtell's sentence was that his body would be dissected. Surgeon 378 00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:56,000 Speaker 1: John Abernathy performed this dissection on January tenth at Saint 379 00:22:56,000 --> 00:23:01,480 Speaker 1: Bartholomew's Hospital in front of an audience. Sureist Thomas Rolinson 380 00:23:01,560 --> 00:23:05,000 Speaker 1: drew pictures of the dissection, and a phrenologist also made 381 00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:08,960 Speaker 1: a cast of Thurtell's head. A wax model of him 382 00:23:09,080 --> 00:23:13,080 Speaker 1: was made as well, reportedly by Marie Tousd herself, and 383 00:23:13,160 --> 00:23:16,280 Speaker 1: it was displayed at Madame Tussaude's waxworks in London for 384 00:23:16,320 --> 00:23:20,880 Speaker 1: at least a century afterward. The gallows and drop used 385 00:23:20,880 --> 00:23:23,640 Speaker 1: in this execution were also in the Chamber of Horrors 386 00:23:23,680 --> 00:23:26,600 Speaker 1: there at Madame Tussod's, although with a waxwork of a 387 00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:30,800 Speaker 1: different person being executed as part of the display. I 388 00:23:30,840 --> 00:23:33,160 Speaker 1: tried to look into whether any of that is still 389 00:23:33,200 --> 00:23:36,440 Speaker 1: on display. I did not find an answer. I also 390 00:23:36,520 --> 00:23:38,800 Speaker 1: did not like try to call the museum and ask. 391 00:23:40,359 --> 00:23:44,000 Speaker 1: Although a Hunt had been also sentenced to death, his 392 00:23:44,160 --> 00:23:48,080 Speaker 1: earlier cooperation did wind up earning him some clemency, and 393 00:23:48,280 --> 00:23:53,359 Speaker 1: rather than being executed, he was transported to Australia for life. 394 00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:56,520 Speaker 1: He became a police constable there, and he died in 395 00:23:56,520 --> 00:24:00,760 Speaker 1: eighteen sixty one. Probert never stood trial for his role 396 00:24:00,760 --> 00:24:03,920 Speaker 1: in this crime, but his alleged involvement in it meant 397 00:24:03,960 --> 00:24:06,639 Speaker 1: that he was really ostracized afterward, and he could not 398 00:24:06,720 --> 00:24:10,640 Speaker 1: find any legitimate ways to make money, so he went 399 00:24:10,680 --> 00:24:13,120 Speaker 1: back to a life of crime, and in eighteen twenty five, 400 00:24:13,200 --> 00:24:15,760 Speaker 1: at the age of thirty three, he was hanged for 401 00:24:15,800 --> 00:24:19,800 Speaker 1: stealing a horse belonging to one of his relatives. A 402 00:24:19,840 --> 00:24:23,480 Speaker 1: broadside that was published detailing the hanging of Probert and 403 00:24:23,560 --> 00:24:27,159 Speaker 1: six other men, devotes fully half of his length just 404 00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:29,879 Speaker 1: to Probert, like this is sort of framed as like 405 00:24:30,600 --> 00:24:33,040 Speaker 1: detailing the hanging of all these seven men who were 406 00:24:33,040 --> 00:24:35,119 Speaker 1: hanged on the same day, but half of it is 407 00:24:35,160 --> 00:24:38,879 Speaker 1: about him. This included quote they will be recollected that 408 00:24:38,960 --> 00:24:41,800 Speaker 1: Probert was the companion and friend of John Thurtell and 409 00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:44,840 Speaker 1: Henry Hunt, who were all concerned in the savage and 410 00:24:44,920 --> 00:24:48,040 Speaker 1: bloody murder of one of their bottle friends, whom they 411 00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:50,960 Speaker 1: decoyed out of London into a lonely part of the 412 00:24:50,960 --> 00:24:55,280 Speaker 1: country and brutally murdered him, which created a great sensation 413 00:24:55,440 --> 00:24:57,720 Speaker 1: throughout the whole country at the time, and for which 414 00:24:57,800 --> 00:25:01,400 Speaker 1: Thurtel was executed and Hunt banished for life in consequence 415 00:25:01,440 --> 00:25:05,560 Speaker 1: of his confession, where the dead body was concealed. But Probert, 416 00:25:05,600 --> 00:25:09,000 Speaker 1: having been admitted a witness against his companions, he for 417 00:25:09,119 --> 00:25:12,960 Speaker 1: a time escaped that fate which his crimes so justly deserved, 418 00:25:13,400 --> 00:25:17,520 Speaker 1: and which now most assuredly waits him on Monday morning next. 419 00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:21,119 Speaker 1: I think we said earlier that this was after the hanging, 420 00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:25,320 Speaker 1: This clearly was written before it. Ever since his dismissal 421 00:25:25,359 --> 00:25:28,800 Speaker 1: from custody, he had been wandering about the country, and 422 00:25:28,840 --> 00:25:31,520 Speaker 1: even in the remotest village he was spurned as an 423 00:25:31,560 --> 00:25:34,919 Speaker 1: outcast from society and hunted down like a wild beast 424 00:25:34,960 --> 00:25:37,560 Speaker 1: of the forest. He and his wife were both on 425 00:25:37,720 --> 00:25:40,680 Speaker 1: the point of starvation and without a friend who assist them, 426 00:25:40,720 --> 00:25:44,320 Speaker 1: which drove him to commit the crime which seated his doom. 427 00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:47,639 Speaker 1: On learning his fate, he was greatly surprised, as he 428 00:25:47,720 --> 00:25:50,879 Speaker 1: always expected that his life would have been spared, and 429 00:25:50,960 --> 00:25:53,880 Speaker 1: immediately sat down to write letters to his wife an 430 00:25:53,920 --> 00:25:58,000 Speaker 1: aged mother. There was a lot of coverage of Where's 431 00:25:58,080 --> 00:26:02,080 Speaker 1: Murder and the trial and thirtell connections to boxing and gambling. 432 00:26:02,560 --> 00:26:06,600 Speaker 1: There were so many newspaper articles, broadsides, and pamphlets, many 433 00:26:06,640 --> 00:26:10,800 Speaker 1: of them illustrated. Multiple books printed just after the trial 434 00:26:10,920 --> 00:26:15,720 Speaker 1: mainly include various court documents and other records. An illustrated 435 00:26:15,720 --> 00:26:19,520 Speaker 1: pamphlet titled the Horrid Effects of Gambling exemplified in the 436 00:26:19,560 --> 00:26:23,280 Speaker 1: atrocious Murder of mister William Ware who was first treacherously 437 00:26:23,320 --> 00:26:27,320 Speaker 1: inveigled and then cruelly butchered by his associates in Gills 438 00:26:27,400 --> 00:26:30,760 Speaker 1: Lane Hertz, together with the remarkable trial and conviction of 439 00:26:30,840 --> 00:26:34,399 Speaker 1: John Thurtell and Joseph Hunt for the murder, including Thurtel's 440 00:26:34,400 --> 00:26:37,959 Speaker 1: eloquent defense, his demeanor previous two and throughout the trial, 441 00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:41,000 Speaker 1: and a particular account of his conduct at the place 442 00:26:41,040 --> 00:26:46,600 Speaker 1: of execution sold for sixpence. There was also fiction and 443 00:26:46,760 --> 00:26:50,199 Speaker 1: theater like There was a play called The Gamblers that 444 00:26:50,359 --> 00:26:52,720 Speaker 1: was Based on this, It was staged at the New 445 00:26:52,800 --> 00:26:56,280 Speaker 1: Surrey Theater, which was under the management of Llewellyn Boiled 446 00:26:56,280 --> 00:26:59,879 Speaker 1: Beef Williams. This was first produced after the murder and 447 00:27:00,080 --> 00:27:04,240 Speaker 1: then it was restaged after the hanging. Edward Bulwer Lytton, 448 00:27:04,280 --> 00:27:07,119 Speaker 1: who is perhaps best known for having started a book 449 00:27:07,160 --> 00:27:09,879 Speaker 1: with It Was a Dark and Stormy Night, wrote a 450 00:27:09,920 --> 00:27:13,680 Speaker 1: novel called Pelham, which was heavily influenced by Thurtel and 451 00:27:13,760 --> 00:27:17,000 Speaker 1: the Murder. These are just a couple of examples out 452 00:27:17,040 --> 00:27:21,639 Speaker 1: of many through the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Also, 453 00:27:22,160 --> 00:27:25,640 Speaker 1: there was verse in ballads like they asked him down 454 00:27:25,680 --> 00:27:28,960 Speaker 1: from London town a shooting for to go. But little 455 00:27:28,960 --> 00:27:31,560 Speaker 1: did the gem and think, as they would shoot him too. 456 00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:35,560 Speaker 1: So Ruthven went from bow Street scent searching the country 457 00:27:35,600 --> 00:27:39,080 Speaker 1: over until he pitched into Joe Hunt, John Thurtell and 458 00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:42,240 Speaker 1: Bill Probert. His throat. They cut from ear to ear 459 00:27:42,440 --> 00:27:46,120 Speaker 1: his brains, they battered in His name was mister William 460 00:27:46,119 --> 00:27:50,720 Speaker 1: ware what lived in lions in? And of course this 461 00:27:50,920 --> 00:27:54,560 Speaker 1: was not just about the enormous public appetite for news 462 00:27:54,600 --> 00:27:56,800 Speaker 1: about the crime and the people involved in it. It 463 00:27:56,880 --> 00:28:00,840 Speaker 1: was also about money. For example, Jimmy cat Natch, printer 464 00:28:00,960 --> 00:28:04,439 Speaker 1: at seven dials, reportedly made five hundred pounds from the 465 00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:07,879 Speaker 1: sale of broadsides and other material related to this case. 466 00:28:08,560 --> 00:28:11,439 Speaker 1: This press sold a quarter of a million ballads in 467 00:28:11,520 --> 00:28:14,480 Speaker 1: a week after the murder made news, and then almost 468 00:28:14,520 --> 00:28:19,680 Speaker 1: another half million during the trial, and then after the execution, 469 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:23,800 Speaker 1: cat Natch printed a broadside with this huge headline that 470 00:28:23,960 --> 00:28:28,440 Speaker 1: read we are alive again, but he did some bad 471 00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:31,440 Speaker 1: curning on there, so it looked like it said where 472 00:28:31,760 --> 00:28:36,680 Speaker 1: alive again. It's possible that all the very cheap publications 473 00:28:36,720 --> 00:28:39,640 Speaker 1: that came out around this case were what gave rise 474 00:28:39,720 --> 00:28:43,480 Speaker 1: to the term catchpenny for something that uses sensationalism or 475 00:28:43,560 --> 00:28:47,000 Speaker 1: cheapness to try to gain appeal. And much of this 476 00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:50,920 Speaker 1: writing on the case was really dramatic and sensationalized. Like 477 00:28:51,080 --> 00:28:53,880 Speaker 1: this is from the preface of a narrative of the 478 00:28:53,920 --> 00:28:57,840 Speaker 1: Mysterious and Dreadful Murder of Mister w Ware, containing the 479 00:28:57,920 --> 00:29:01,720 Speaker 1: examination before the magistrates, the coroner's inquest, the confession of 480 00:29:01,800 --> 00:29:05,280 Speaker 1: Hunt and other particulars previous to the trial, collected from 481 00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:08,720 Speaker 1: the best sources of intelligence, with anecdotes of where their 482 00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:12,360 Speaker 1: tell Hunt, Probert and others, and a full report of 483 00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:16,760 Speaker 1: the trial and subsequent execution at Hertford, So that quote 484 00:29:16,800 --> 00:29:20,360 Speaker 1: reads blood. It is said, will have blood, and the 485 00:29:20,400 --> 00:29:23,680 Speaker 1: fate of one of these murderers, the cold, oblivious sod 486 00:29:23,840 --> 00:29:27,239 Speaker 1: or grave of the murdered man, his shattered skull and 487 00:29:27,400 --> 00:29:31,400 Speaker 1: mangled throat speak to us all as a monitor. Awfully impressive, 488 00:29:31,800 --> 00:29:34,680 Speaker 1: convincing us in the language of the apostle that the 489 00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:39,760 Speaker 1: wages of sin is death. People were really transfixed by 490 00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:43,440 Speaker 1: so many different aspects of this crime, like the connections 491 00:29:43,480 --> 00:29:47,160 Speaker 1: to boxing and gambling. The twoth or Tail brothers a 492 00:29:47,240 --> 00:29:50,640 Speaker 1: parent fall from the life of their father, who as 493 00:29:50,680 --> 00:29:53,160 Speaker 1: far as we know, is pretty upstanding. There was Tom 494 00:29:53,400 --> 00:29:57,320 Speaker 1: testifying against his brother at trial, and also just the 495 00:29:57,360 --> 00:30:01,760 Speaker 1: sheer callousness of the men reportedly singing songs and ordering 496 00:30:01,840 --> 00:30:06,480 Speaker 1: dinner in the immediate aftermath of being informed of a murder. Also, 497 00:30:07,440 --> 00:30:10,240 Speaker 1: we alluded to earlier, they went out drinking at a 498 00:30:10,280 --> 00:30:13,479 Speaker 1: lot of ends over the course of that weekend. Mixed 499 00:30:13,520 --> 00:30:15,520 Speaker 1: in with all of that, though, a lot of people 500 00:30:15,600 --> 00:30:18,680 Speaker 1: seem to have a lot of sympathy for Thirtel, especially 501 00:30:19,160 --> 00:30:22,120 Speaker 1: because he went to his hanging with an air of bravery. 502 00:30:23,200 --> 00:30:26,280 Speaker 1: Murder was pretty rare in England in the eighteen twenties, 503 00:30:26,320 --> 00:30:31,280 Speaker 1: and this happened just as daily newspapers had really proliferated, 504 00:30:31,360 --> 00:30:33,920 Speaker 1: and so all of this together turned it into a 505 00:30:34,040 --> 00:30:37,640 Speaker 1: very major news story. As a final note, in twenty 506 00:30:37,680 --> 00:30:40,560 Speaker 1: twenty two, something that did not make it into Unearthed 507 00:30:41,040 --> 00:30:44,880 Speaker 1: was the sale of a nineteenth century jug commemorating the murderer. 508 00:30:45,360 --> 00:30:48,640 Speaker 1: People called it the Murder Jug and they expected it 509 00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:51,720 Speaker 1: to sell for two hundred pounds, but it sold for 510 00:30:52,080 --> 00:30:56,880 Speaker 1: five thy five hundred plus various auction fees. The jug 511 00:30:56,920 --> 00:30:59,600 Speaker 1: has a picture of detectives pulling Where's body out of 512 00:30:59,640 --> 00:31:02,640 Speaker 1: the pond with the caption pond in which the body 513 00:31:02,680 --> 00:31:08,520 Speaker 1: of where was found. Yeah, so there were commemorative potteries. 514 00:31:09,960 --> 00:31:17,760 Speaker 1: I mean right, that's sure. Do you have commemorative listener mail? 515 00:31:18,200 --> 00:31:20,880 Speaker 1: I do? This is from Sam Samurai, t Hi, Holly, 516 00:31:20,920 --> 00:31:23,320 Speaker 1: and Tracy. I've been listening to the podcast since probably 517 00:31:23,360 --> 00:31:26,600 Speaker 1: twenty thirteen. Wow, time is flying. I've almost got my 518 00:31:26,640 --> 00:31:29,040 Speaker 1: PhD in missed in history. As you often say, the 519 00:31:29,080 --> 00:31:32,360 Speaker 1: continuing education factor of this specific PhD is a lot 520 00:31:32,400 --> 00:31:34,600 Speaker 1: to keep up with. For a while now, I've been 521 00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:36,479 Speaker 1: meaning to send an email to thank you for all 522 00:31:36,520 --> 00:31:38,920 Speaker 1: of your incredibly hard work. I've got my own TV 523 00:31:39,120 --> 00:31:42,040 Speaker 1: recap podcasts that only airs twice a month, and I 524 00:31:42,080 --> 00:31:46,800 Speaker 1: cannot even fathom the intense work you put into a 525 00:31:46,840 --> 00:31:49,360 Speaker 1: show that airs four times a week. Bravo to you. 526 00:31:49,440 --> 00:31:51,480 Speaker 1: Three of your episodes lately have really made me think 527 00:31:51,480 --> 00:31:53,840 Speaker 1: about my own life. One, the history of sunscreen. I've 528 00:31:53,840 --> 00:31:56,480 Speaker 1: been meaning to email you for a long, long long 529 00:31:56,640 --> 00:31:59,360 Speaker 1: time now asking for that, so it's like you read 530 00:31:59,400 --> 00:32:02,080 Speaker 1: my mind. I loved learning about the history and science 531 00:32:02,120 --> 00:32:04,640 Speaker 1: behind something I use every day. I'll have to try 532 00:32:04,680 --> 00:32:08,040 Speaker 1: that unicorn one that you mentioned, always looking for new sunscreen. 533 00:32:08,120 --> 00:32:11,960 Speaker 1: Two Lucretia of Winchester as a Jewish person with an 534 00:32:12,120 --> 00:32:16,160 Speaker 1: unexplainable fascination for surrounding English history. It's like this episode 535 00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:19,560 Speaker 1: was made for me. I always wonder what my ancestors 536 00:32:19,560 --> 00:32:22,680 Speaker 1: were doing back then. They sure weren't royalty or being 537 00:32:22,720 --> 00:32:25,520 Speaker 1: involved in court life. This episode taught me so much 538 00:32:25,560 --> 00:32:28,680 Speaker 1: about medieval Jewish history in England that I somehow didn't 539 00:32:28,760 --> 00:32:31,920 Speaker 1: yet know. We're such a small segment of the population, 540 00:32:32,160 --> 00:32:35,280 Speaker 1: especially now after the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, that I'm 541 00:32:35,280 --> 00:32:38,360 Speaker 1: sure I'm related to someone who knew someone who knew her. 542 00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:41,240 Speaker 1: We call that Jewish geography. It's one of my favorite 543 00:32:41,280 --> 00:32:44,240 Speaker 1: games to play. It's like six Degrees of Kevin Bacon. 544 00:32:44,440 --> 00:32:48,560 Speaker 1: Such a fun time. Highly recommend three The History of 545 00:32:48,600 --> 00:32:51,000 Speaker 1: air Conditioning. I have a two and a half year 546 00:32:51,040 --> 00:32:54,720 Speaker 1: old rescue dog named Ruthie photos attached for your viewing pleasure, 547 00:32:54,840 --> 00:32:57,720 Speaker 1: of course, who is the absolute light of my life, 548 00:32:57,720 --> 00:33:00,720 Speaker 1: and we trained together every day. This episode, you talk 549 00:33:00,760 --> 00:33:04,080 Speaker 1: about how it's clinically proven that people's working and cognitive 550 00:33:04,120 --> 00:33:06,920 Speaker 1: ability is significantly less when the temperature is high and 551 00:33:06,960 --> 00:33:10,200 Speaker 1: they are feeling overheated or hot. This reminded me to 552 00:33:10,200 --> 00:33:13,560 Speaker 1: give her and myself some extra grace on hot days 553 00:33:13,600 --> 00:33:15,520 Speaker 1: if she's not as good of a listener or as 554 00:33:15,600 --> 00:33:18,800 Speaker 1: patient with our training games as she normally is living 555 00:33:18,840 --> 00:33:20,920 Speaker 1: in the Los Angeles area. I really think that has 556 00:33:20,960 --> 00:33:23,960 Speaker 1: been the most useful piece of information I've learned this year. 557 00:33:24,080 --> 00:33:27,680 Speaker 1: Ru and I both thank you endlessly for that. All 558 00:33:27,720 --> 00:33:29,400 Speaker 1: these made me think what else I'd like to hear 559 00:33:29,440 --> 00:33:32,280 Speaker 1: on this show. Have you ever heard of Leonard Kessler? 560 00:33:32,320 --> 00:33:35,040 Speaker 1: He was a wonderful children's book author who died last 561 00:33:35,080 --> 00:33:37,640 Speaker 1: year at one hundred and one. Not sure if there's 562 00:33:37,760 --> 00:33:41,160 Speaker 1: enough for a published full length episode, but maybe a 563 00:33:41,200 --> 00:33:45,000 Speaker 1: six impossible episodes on little known Jewish Americans. He also 564 00:33:45,080 --> 00:33:47,080 Speaker 1: fought in World War Two and was a good friend 565 00:33:47,120 --> 00:33:55,920 Speaker 1: of Andy Warhol. Sam also has a little more about 566 00:33:55,960 --> 00:33:59,720 Speaker 1: the podcast. The podcast is called Beach Houses of Babies, 567 00:33:59,760 --> 00:34:03,000 Speaker 1: a Private Practice recap podcast. It is a rewatch of 568 00:34:03,200 --> 00:34:06,200 Speaker 1: the TV show Private Practice, which, as folks may be, 569 00:34:06,320 --> 00:34:11,280 Speaker 1: where a spinoff of Grey's Anatomy. A thing that cracked 570 00:34:11,320 --> 00:34:13,439 Speaker 1: me up about this email, As Sam says, my show 571 00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:17,360 Speaker 1: is about its first spin off, Private Practice, and I 572 00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:19,480 Speaker 1: had a moment where I was like, what is the 573 00:34:19,520 --> 00:34:24,360 Speaker 1: second spin off before I remembered, Oh yeah, Station nineteen, 574 00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:28,279 Speaker 1: which my circle of friends refers to as Hot Firefighters. 575 00:34:31,320 --> 00:34:33,080 Speaker 1: If you'd like to see more pictures of the most 576 00:34:33,080 --> 00:34:35,840 Speaker 1: adorable thirteen pound puppy in the Galaxy, you can follow 577 00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:39,200 Speaker 1: her Instagram rescuing Ruthie. She also has an adorable relationship 578 00:34:39,239 --> 00:34:43,160 Speaker 1: with my parents' tuxedo cat, Eliza. I've attached some photos 579 00:34:43,160 --> 00:34:48,160 Speaker 1: of them for year two. So Sam also says, I'd 580 00:34:48,239 --> 00:34:50,239 Speaker 1: like to send a holiday card. You mentioned not having 581 00:34:50,239 --> 00:34:52,799 Speaker 1: a place to send physical mail. Do you haven't addressed yet? 582 00:34:54,040 --> 00:34:57,319 Speaker 1: So we will reiterate. We do have an address. Now 583 00:34:58,680 --> 00:35:01,279 Speaker 1: a new office slash record arding space in Atlanta did 584 00:35:01,320 --> 00:35:06,520 Speaker 1: finally open. We do with all great respect ask please 585 00:35:06,560 --> 00:35:13,279 Speaker 1: do not send physical veil just because we are so 586 00:35:13,440 --> 00:35:16,720 Speaker 1: rarely there and it's a it's a it's an office 587 00:35:16,760 --> 00:35:19,719 Speaker 1: that has really limited space that is mostly devoted to 588 00:35:19,800 --> 00:35:23,359 Speaker 1: recording studios, so there's not there's also not really like 589 00:35:23,760 --> 00:35:27,799 Speaker 1: storage for physical idea. There's not a dedicated place where 590 00:35:27,800 --> 00:35:31,840 Speaker 1: they could say, put the history people's stuff here. Yeah, yeah, 591 00:35:32,000 --> 00:35:35,440 Speaker 1: So we very much love everybody's time and attention. But 592 00:35:36,320 --> 00:35:40,480 Speaker 1: to reiterate that, Holly Sam says that if Drawn a 593 00:35:40,560 --> 00:35:42,920 Speaker 1: History of Animation ever comes back, I'll be first in 594 00:35:42,920 --> 00:35:45,200 Speaker 1: line to listen. So thank you so much, Sam for 595 00:35:45,719 --> 00:35:48,560 Speaker 1: all of these adorable pictures. My good sure, I'm following 596 00:35:48,680 --> 00:35:53,920 Speaker 1: Ruthie now on Instagram. So good, so many. Also, I 597 00:35:54,040 --> 00:35:57,359 Speaker 1: just want to say shout out every single picture of 598 00:35:57,480 --> 00:36:01,480 Speaker 1: Ruthie in the outdoors as a leisha on and as 599 00:36:01,480 --> 00:36:04,480 Speaker 1: a person who is greatly uncomfortable by being jumped on 600 00:36:04,560 --> 00:36:06,799 Speaker 1: by strange dogs in the out of doors. I thank 601 00:36:06,840 --> 00:36:10,799 Speaker 1: you for that. If you would like to send us 602 00:36:10,840 --> 00:36:13,759 Speaker 1: a note about this or any other podcasts or a 603 00:36:13,880 --> 00:36:16,960 Speaker 1: history podcast at iHeartRadio dot com. We're all over social 604 00:36:17,040 --> 00:36:19,600 Speaker 1: media missed in History. I feel like all over is 605 00:36:19,640 --> 00:36:22,320 Speaker 1: now an over statement because we still haven't started accounts 606 00:36:22,320 --> 00:36:25,440 Speaker 1: on those new ones that are trying to replace that 607 00:36:25,480 --> 00:36:29,200 Speaker 1: one that's named X. Now, you can subscribe to our 608 00:36:29,239 --> 00:36:31,800 Speaker 1: show on the iHeartRadio app or wherever do you like 609 00:36:31,800 --> 00:36:39,360 Speaker 1: get your podcasts. Stuff you Missed in History Class is 610 00:36:39,360 --> 00:36:43,719 Speaker 1: a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit 611 00:36:43,760 --> 00:36:47,200 Speaker 1: the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to 612 00:36:47,239 --> 00:36:48,120 Speaker 1: your favorite shows.