1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:15,400 Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of I Heart Radio. Ye 2 00:00:26,960 --> 00:00:29,880 Speaker 1: welcome back to the show Ridiculous Historians. Thank you, as 3 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:33,160 Speaker 1: always so much for tuning in. Let's kick it off 4 00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:36,640 Speaker 1: with a special thanks to our super producer and research 5 00:00:36,680 --> 00:00:41,440 Speaker 1: associate for this episode, Mr Max Williams. No no no 6 00:00:41,440 --> 00:00:45,599 Speaker 1: no no no no no no no no Ah, yes, Ululation. Indeed, 7 00:00:45,760 --> 00:00:49,600 Speaker 1: uh they call me ben uh Noel. Today we're talking 8 00:00:49,600 --> 00:00:54,720 Speaker 1: about one of my favorite things, tiny nations. Micro even 9 00:00:57,200 --> 00:01:00,840 Speaker 1: this Yeah, this like a micro nation. It is definitely 10 00:01:01,560 --> 00:01:06,200 Speaker 1: one of the smallest nations in the world that is 11 00:01:06,200 --> 00:01:09,319 Speaker 1: still considered a nation. As a matter of fact, if 12 00:01:09,319 --> 00:01:11,280 Speaker 1: you were based in the US, you might not have 13 00:01:11,400 --> 00:01:16,399 Speaker 1: heard of a little old place called and Dora. And Uh. 14 00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:18,240 Speaker 1: I like the way Mac. I like the way you 15 00:01:18,319 --> 00:01:21,640 Speaker 1: were playing with the research or the title of this research. Uh. 16 00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:23,280 Speaker 1: And I don't know if you need to bleep this 17 00:01:23,360 --> 00:01:27,000 Speaker 1: part is what the hell is? Andorra Hey, what is that? 18 00:01:27,080 --> 00:01:28,720 Speaker 1: I had never heard of I've heard of some micro 19 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:30,640 Speaker 1: nations and I'm like, I have never heard of this one. 20 00:01:30,720 --> 00:01:33,960 Speaker 1: And I started researching. I'm like, where is this one? 21 00:01:34,440 --> 00:01:36,360 Speaker 1: I know where these two other countries are, but I've 22 00:01:36,400 --> 00:01:40,520 Speaker 1: never heard of this one. Yeah, it's a it's a 23 00:01:40,640 --> 00:01:46,800 Speaker 1: tiny independent thing called a co principality in Europe. If 24 00:01:46,840 --> 00:01:51,120 Speaker 1: you look at a map, you'll see that it's it's 25 00:01:51,160 --> 00:01:54,520 Speaker 1: kind of plot there in the southern peaks of the Pyrenees. 26 00:01:55,160 --> 00:01:58,920 Speaker 1: It is bordered by France on the north and east 27 00:01:59,480 --> 00:02:03,600 Speaker 1: and Spain to the south and west. So it's kind 28 00:02:03,640 --> 00:02:07,720 Speaker 1: of like, imagine what's a good familiar border. Okay, imagine 29 00:02:07,760 --> 00:02:11,000 Speaker 1: the border of the United States and Mexico. Right, that's 30 00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:15,760 Speaker 1: a just straight shot across the continent. What if there 31 00:02:15,960 --> 00:02:19,760 Speaker 1: was another little place there and it was called um, 32 00:02:19,800 --> 00:02:23,320 Speaker 1: I'm just thinking it was called text Mexico, and it 33 00:02:23,440 --> 00:02:26,919 Speaker 1: was it was tiny, and the people who lived there 34 00:02:26,919 --> 00:02:30,240 Speaker 1: spoke maybe English or Spanish whatever their lingual franc is. 35 00:02:30,280 --> 00:02:33,120 Speaker 1: But it's still a different place. And the rivers flow 36 00:02:33,200 --> 00:02:41,000 Speaker 1: with Texas, Margharitas and Queso and chips Um. Indeed, uh, 37 00:02:41,080 --> 00:02:43,840 Speaker 1: you know, it's funny, Andra I. I only ever really 38 00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:47,040 Speaker 1: was aware of it because of the name of a 39 00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:50,760 Speaker 1: really great album by the artist Caribou, which is sort 40 00:02:50,760 --> 00:02:54,760 Speaker 1: of like a one of several projects by the Canadian 41 00:02:54,840 --> 00:02:57,720 Speaker 1: musician Dan Saith. And he has an album called Andorra, 42 00:02:57,880 --> 00:03:01,799 Speaker 1: and it's like super fulky electronic kind of dream pop. 43 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:05,120 Speaker 1: And the cover does appear to be some sort of 44 00:03:05,200 --> 00:03:11,280 Speaker 1: vaguely European uh tulip be kind of scene, sort of 45 00:03:11,440 --> 00:03:15,160 Speaker 1: a landscape, So maybe there was really no specific thematic 46 00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:17,280 Speaker 1: tie to this part of the world, but that is 47 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:19,080 Speaker 1: where I first heard then, and it is spelled exactly 48 00:03:19,080 --> 00:03:21,000 Speaker 1: the same, so I believe it has to be with 49 00:03:21,040 --> 00:03:24,919 Speaker 1: the double R. Yes, yeah, just so. Now. And Dora 50 00:03:25,120 --> 00:03:27,880 Speaker 1: is not a member of the European Union as we record, 51 00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:30,400 Speaker 1: but it has been a member of the United Nations 52 00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:34,680 Speaker 1: since it's a blink and you miss its spot on 53 00:03:34,720 --> 00:03:38,000 Speaker 1: the map. But it's quite unique. It is. Let's see, 54 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:42,320 Speaker 1: it's about three times the size of Liechtenstein, which is 55 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:46,160 Speaker 1: even smaller, yes, and also a country. It is only 56 00:03:46,200 --> 00:03:49,200 Speaker 1: about a hundred and eighty one square miles, or for 57 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:52,120 Speaker 1: everybody outside the US and the Maybia four hundred and 58 00:03:52,160 --> 00:03:56,160 Speaker 1: sixty eight square kilometers. It's also two point five times 59 00:03:56,200 --> 00:03:59,960 Speaker 1: the size of d C. But it has a really 60 00:04:00,200 --> 00:04:06,360 Speaker 1: small population seventies thousand, five hundred people. Our question today, 61 00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:11,360 Speaker 1: how did and Dora become a thing? Sometimes you have 62 00:04:11,440 --> 00:04:14,440 Speaker 1: to look at places like Monaco or Liechtenstein or San 63 00:04:14,600 --> 00:04:20,040 Speaker 1: Marino and and Dora and say, huh, how how how 64 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:24,000 Speaker 1: is this the thing? Especially given that European countries spent 65 00:04:24,200 --> 00:04:27,040 Speaker 1: so much of history beefing and trying to conquer each 66 00:04:27,080 --> 00:04:31,760 Speaker 1: other's territory. What made these scrappy, little little countries survive 67 00:04:32,320 --> 00:04:35,080 Speaker 1: all those wars of conquest? I guess we have to 68 00:04:36,000 --> 00:04:39,280 Speaker 1: start at the very beginning, right, Yeah, I would. I 69 00:04:39,279 --> 00:04:41,640 Speaker 1: would also just hazard a guest early on and just 70 00:04:41,720 --> 00:04:46,120 Speaker 1: kind of by being not that strategically important and uh 71 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:50,440 Speaker 1: so small blanket, you might miss it. Yeah. Yeah, that's 72 00:04:50,440 --> 00:04:52,560 Speaker 1: why it's not surprising that a lot of people don't 73 00:04:52,720 --> 00:04:57,040 Speaker 1: learn too much about and Dora if there not growing 74 00:04:57,120 --> 00:04:59,560 Speaker 1: up in you know, in the region where in door 75 00:04:59,680 --> 00:05:02,880 Speaker 1: is Low caterd So we know that for thousands and 76 00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:08,239 Speaker 1: thousands of years people have occupied the valleys of modern 77 00:05:08,320 --> 00:05:12,719 Speaker 1: day and Dora, and you can find artifacts dating as 78 00:05:12,760 --> 00:05:17,359 Speaker 1: far back as the Neolithic period and even the Bronze Age. 79 00:05:17,880 --> 00:05:21,719 Speaker 1: That's right, and uh, it is conjectured by many, you 80 00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:26,480 Speaker 1: know experts in this region that the aboriginal Um people 81 00:05:26,560 --> 00:05:30,560 Speaker 1: who occupied this land originally were actually relatives of the 82 00:05:30,600 --> 00:05:33,599 Speaker 1: Basque people of northern Spain, which has kind of a 83 00:05:33,640 --> 00:05:37,520 Speaker 1: dialect of Spanish and its sound cuisine, which is wonderful. 84 00:05:37,640 --> 00:05:40,000 Speaker 1: By the way, if you ever in Atlanta, highly recommend 85 00:05:40,040 --> 00:05:44,080 Speaker 1: checking out the restaurants, Cooks and Soldiers. Yes, indeed, very 86 00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:48,279 Speaker 1: very good Basque cuisine. And the word and Dora is 87 00:05:48,320 --> 00:05:50,960 Speaker 1: believed to have been derived from the Basque language. I 88 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:52,520 Speaker 1: believe I missed book earlier and saying that it was 89 00:05:52,600 --> 00:05:56,279 Speaker 1: a dialect of Spanish is in fact it's very own language. 90 00:05:56,279 --> 00:06:01,000 Speaker 1: So this was a kind of tribally settled region in 91 00:06:01,080 --> 00:06:05,120 Speaker 1: the country UM. And that includes other tribes such as 92 00:06:05,160 --> 00:06:10,680 Speaker 1: the Iberians from the south and also the Andesinos. So 93 00:06:11,279 --> 00:06:15,479 Speaker 1: at some point we do have indoor occupying a admittedly 94 00:06:15,640 --> 00:06:19,599 Speaker 1: small section of the Roman Empire. Uh. And when that 95 00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:22,599 Speaker 1: went belly up, as we know um tends to happen 96 00:06:22,640 --> 00:06:26,440 Speaker 1: with these massive empires, and Dora kind of did become 97 00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:30,240 Speaker 1: a bit of a of a gateway for tribes to 98 00:06:30,320 --> 00:06:33,800 Speaker 1: the north, some of these by barbarian hordes to pass 99 00:06:34,120 --> 00:06:40,479 Speaker 1: through from Gaul into Iberia. UM. And we had tribes 100 00:06:40,520 --> 00:06:44,520 Speaker 1: such as the Visigoths, uh, the Allen's and the Vandals 101 00:06:44,960 --> 00:06:49,280 Speaker 1: leaving behind evidence of these of these trips. So yeah, 102 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:53,280 Speaker 1: of my conjecture earlier too, probably a little not exactly 103 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:57,960 Speaker 1: on this was if a small window something that could 104 00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:01,800 Speaker 1: have been considered helpful to control or at least to 105 00:07:01,880 --> 00:07:04,000 Speaker 1: just kind of blast through, because it was kind of 106 00:07:04,040 --> 00:07:08,640 Speaker 1: a path through these different regions. Yeah, yeah, and so 107 00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:11,520 Speaker 1: it became, as you said, kind of a gateway. It's 108 00:07:11,560 --> 00:07:15,720 Speaker 1: also been independent for quite some time. Traditionally, you'll see 109 00:07:15,760 --> 00:07:19,400 Speaker 1: the independence of Andorra ascribed to the one and only Charlemagne, 110 00:07:19,800 --> 00:07:22,440 Speaker 1: not our pal from the Breakfast Club, Charlemagne the God, 111 00:07:22,720 --> 00:07:30,040 Speaker 1: but his namesake, the ancient ruler Charlemagne. Charlemagne took the 112 00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:34,800 Speaker 1: region back from Muslim forces in eight zero three CE 113 00:07:34,840 --> 00:07:39,960 Speaker 1: Common era, and his son Louis also known as Louis 114 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:43,480 Speaker 1: the First or Louis the Pious, gave the inhabitants of 115 00:07:43,520 --> 00:07:48,200 Speaker 1: the area what was called a Charter of Liberties, recognizing 116 00:07:48,360 --> 00:07:54,480 Speaker 1: some of their autonomy. Charlemagne's grandson, Charles the Second, gave 117 00:07:54,600 --> 00:07:58,240 Speaker 1: and Dora to the counts of urgel U, R, G 118 00:07:58,520 --> 00:08:01,880 Speaker 1: E L. And this was something This sounds weird when 119 00:08:01,920 --> 00:08:03,840 Speaker 1: we talk about it in the modern day, but it 120 00:08:03,960 --> 00:08:07,720 Speaker 1: happened pretty often, not just in Europe. It happened pretty 121 00:08:07,720 --> 00:08:12,760 Speaker 1: often where some conquering force or governing force would say, 122 00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:15,240 Speaker 1: I give this to you. I bequeathed this to you. 123 00:08:15,400 --> 00:08:18,320 Speaker 1: And this meant that the people who quote unquote owned 124 00:08:18,320 --> 00:08:22,240 Speaker 1: the area would be able to um get proceeds from 125 00:08:22,280 --> 00:08:26,560 Speaker 1: taxes and levies and stuff like that. So and Dora 126 00:08:26,840 --> 00:08:31,040 Speaker 1: was passed from the counts of Urgel to the bishops 127 00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:34,400 Speaker 1: of Ergel and no spoiler alert, the people living there 128 00:08:34,480 --> 00:08:38,040 Speaker 1: had no say whatsoever in this. That's the This is 129 00:08:38,080 --> 00:08:42,240 Speaker 1: way before voting was a big big thing there. They 130 00:08:42,280 --> 00:08:46,000 Speaker 1: then had like a spin doctor situation that to Prince's song, 131 00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:49,520 Speaker 1: you know, like yeah, yeah, Princess udor whate in Spain, 132 00:08:49,640 --> 00:08:53,240 Speaker 1: what in France? And Dora owes their allegiance to both 133 00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:59,079 Speaker 1: of them because Spain and France started fighting over who 134 00:08:59,240 --> 00:09:02,080 Speaker 1: was the head han show of Andorra And you know, 135 00:09:02,320 --> 00:09:05,480 Speaker 1: you think maybe it's a situation where each is getting 136 00:09:05,520 --> 00:09:08,040 Speaker 1: Like I guess you don't really think of princes getting 137 00:09:08,080 --> 00:09:10,400 Speaker 1: a salary per se. It's more of a birthright. And 138 00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:12,280 Speaker 1: I guess I really thought about that, Ben, you ever 139 00:09:12,280 --> 00:09:14,960 Speaker 1: thought about how monarchs get paid. I always assume it's 140 00:09:14,960 --> 00:09:17,720 Speaker 1: like with tribute are sort of like you know, uh, 141 00:09:17,880 --> 00:09:19,839 Speaker 1: what do you call when gangsters go door to door 142 00:09:20,040 --> 00:09:26,520 Speaker 1: and get there. That's that's how I've always sort of 143 00:09:26,559 --> 00:09:29,800 Speaker 1: likened the monarchies to that. But it was an issue 144 00:09:29,840 --> 00:09:32,760 Speaker 1: because these two princes, I guess maybe each of them 145 00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:37,640 Speaker 1: did half a job, but they both got a full paycheck. Yeah. Yeah, 146 00:09:37,640 --> 00:09:41,080 Speaker 1: it's It's not great for the folks of Andra because 147 00:09:41,679 --> 00:09:44,240 Speaker 1: the Spanish Bishop of Urgell and the French head of 148 00:09:44,280 --> 00:09:48,079 Speaker 1: state got, like you said, an annual payment, a token tribute. 149 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:53,440 Speaker 1: And this unique geopolitical tension allowed and or to remain 150 00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:58,920 Speaker 1: free for so long. They gained independence in twelve seventy eight, 151 00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:02,600 Speaker 1: and for the most part they've been independent ever since, 152 00:10:02,679 --> 00:10:06,920 Speaker 1: except for one one really weird period of time, and 153 00:10:06,960 --> 00:10:11,199 Speaker 1: that was in eighteen thirteen when the First French Empire, 154 00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:17,200 Speaker 1: under the leadership of Napoleon the First annexed Catalonia and 155 00:10:17,280 --> 00:10:21,640 Speaker 1: divided it into sections into fourths with Andorra along with 156 00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:23,840 Speaker 1: that Bishop of Urgul, which I keep wanting to say, 157 00:10:23,960 --> 00:10:26,280 Speaker 1: Rkle but that's fine, I will not I will I 158 00:10:26,320 --> 00:10:29,960 Speaker 1: will resist that temptation becoming part of one of the 159 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:37,280 Speaker 1: fourth being the district of pug Ardia pug Chiza. That's 160 00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:40,600 Speaker 1: what I'm gonna say. And then when Napoleon the first 161 00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:46,760 Speaker 1: was in fact defeated. This was undone. Yeah yeah, like 162 00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:50,040 Speaker 1: a lot of the things Napoleon did as soon as 163 00:10:50,080 --> 00:10:53,680 Speaker 1: he was out of power. Uh, the European status quo 164 00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:57,200 Speaker 1: and powers that be with nope, psych fake out back 165 00:10:57,240 --> 00:11:00,560 Speaker 1: to normal and since eighteen o six the rights of 166 00:11:00,600 --> 00:11:05,000 Speaker 1: this co principality have belonged to the French head of 167 00:11:05,040 --> 00:11:08,840 Speaker 1: state and they're technically now held by the French President. Look, 168 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:12,679 Speaker 1: with all this stuff, all this bureaucratic gobbledegook, it's understandable 169 00:11:12,720 --> 00:11:15,480 Speaker 1: that it took the enduring government a while to move 170 00:11:15,559 --> 00:11:19,920 Speaker 1: toward a more modern political system. They actually had a 171 00:11:19,960 --> 00:11:25,120 Speaker 1: feudal system of government until nineteen ninety three. That's when 172 00:11:25,160 --> 00:11:29,160 Speaker 1: they adopted a constitution that knocked down the power of 173 00:11:29,200 --> 00:11:32,360 Speaker 1: these co princes and established stuff that we think of 174 00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:36,439 Speaker 1: as basic in democracy today. The day one things an executive, 175 00:11:36,520 --> 00:11:39,640 Speaker 1: legislative and judicial branch. And then that same year they 176 00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:41,760 Speaker 1: joined the U N and then i think the year 177 00:11:41,800 --> 00:11:44,480 Speaker 1: after they joined the Council of Europe, but not the 178 00:11:44,520 --> 00:11:54,840 Speaker 1: European Union just yet. Okay, so you may be asking yourself, 179 00:11:55,080 --> 00:11:59,120 Speaker 1: why do we care? I mean, it's tiny, that's definitely 180 00:11:59,160 --> 00:12:02,040 Speaker 1: a pet interest of this program. But there are also 181 00:12:02,200 --> 00:12:06,080 Speaker 1: some other features of andor in terms of the geography 182 00:12:06,160 --> 00:12:08,480 Speaker 1: and the economics of the region that are pretty pretty 183 00:12:08,520 --> 00:12:12,960 Speaker 1: neat um so and Dora basically is made up of 184 00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:16,840 Speaker 1: these little little packets of mountain valleys. Remember we talked 185 00:12:16,840 --> 00:12:18,800 Speaker 1: about how the valleys have been occupied, you know, for 186 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:22,560 Speaker 1: a long time. There streams. The streams of these valleys 187 00:12:22,600 --> 00:12:28,240 Speaker 1: actually form the Valira River, not the Valerian River for 188 00:12:28,360 --> 00:12:30,920 Speaker 1: the Game of Thrones House of the Dragon's focus if 189 00:12:30,960 --> 00:12:34,280 Speaker 1: that's not real, um spoiler alert. The Valera River pretty 190 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:38,680 Speaker 1: close sounding though. Two of those uh streams that that 191 00:12:38,800 --> 00:12:42,160 Speaker 1: form that larger body of water, the mad Drew and 192 00:12:42,200 --> 00:12:46,240 Speaker 1: the Para Fizza, they actually flow into the Madriu Parafita 193 00:12:46,320 --> 00:12:49,880 Speaker 1: Clara valley that occupies about a tenth of the entire 194 00:12:49,960 --> 00:12:53,040 Speaker 1: land mass of Andorra. It's gorgeous a at these glaciers 195 00:12:53,080 --> 00:12:55,960 Speaker 1: and these valleys, the very steep valleys and all of 196 00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:59,640 Speaker 1: these really lush kind of open pastures and this area. 197 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:03,400 Speaker 1: If anyone's familiar with an ESCO World Heritage Sites, those 198 00:13:03,520 --> 00:13:05,959 Speaker 1: are cloud you know, parts of the world that are 199 00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:08,679 Speaker 1: you know, points of interest or remarkable in some way 200 00:13:08,760 --> 00:13:11,960 Speaker 1: or have some sort of historical meaning. Um. This was 201 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:15,160 Speaker 1: added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site List in two 202 00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:18,440 Speaker 1: thousand four. But the interesting part is this that with 203 00:13:18,480 --> 00:13:22,319 Speaker 1: all of that glory, all of that you know, visual splendor, 204 00:13:22,679 --> 00:13:27,000 Speaker 1: we do have some pretty, you know, kind of harsh landscapes, 205 00:13:27,040 --> 00:13:32,360 Speaker 1: I guess glacier glacial landscapes not necessarily the most cultivatable, 206 00:13:32,520 --> 00:13:36,720 Speaker 1: you know, for for agriculture. So only a very small 207 00:13:36,800 --> 00:13:42,280 Speaker 1: percentage of the lands in Andorra can be used for livestock. 208 00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:45,520 Speaker 1: So the actual economy really is centered more on sheep 209 00:13:46,120 --> 00:13:52,560 Speaker 1: and harvesting pretty minor amounts of wheat, grapes, olives, tobacco, 210 00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:58,600 Speaker 1: and potatoes. Yeah, and you know, it's ridiculous historians, you'll 211 00:13:58,640 --> 00:14:01,959 Speaker 1: notice a couple of those things are things that came 212 00:14:02,080 --> 00:14:05,480 Speaker 1: from you know, the North and South American continents, potatoes 213 00:14:05,520 --> 00:14:09,440 Speaker 1: and tobacco in particular. And this is this is something 214 00:14:09,480 --> 00:14:12,480 Speaker 1: that a lot of mountainous regions struggle with the idea 215 00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:19,040 Speaker 1: of arable land because they were victims of geography there. 216 00:14:19,520 --> 00:14:22,760 Speaker 1: To be quite honest about it, their industry was limited 217 00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:27,920 Speaker 1: to processing this stuff and then to making handicrafts. But 218 00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:30,600 Speaker 1: they also didn't have very much in the way of 219 00:14:30,760 --> 00:14:34,080 Speaker 1: taxes and they didn't have a lot of custom duties. 220 00:14:34,120 --> 00:14:38,200 Speaker 1: And that continues today, which means and Dora has become 221 00:14:38,640 --> 00:14:42,880 Speaker 1: this big clearing house for retail trade, and that means 222 00:14:43,280 --> 00:14:47,760 Speaker 1: it's huge for tourism. It's huge for shoppers. People living 223 00:14:47,880 --> 00:14:51,680 Speaker 1: along the French or Spanish border might say, oh, let's 224 00:14:51,760 --> 00:14:54,440 Speaker 1: let's pop over to Andorra. I don't know why they 225 00:14:54,520 --> 00:14:57,080 Speaker 1: have a British accent. Okay, backstory, I'm making a backstory. 226 00:14:57,240 --> 00:15:00,760 Speaker 1: They're they're British retirees and they live thick, live in 227 00:15:00,800 --> 00:15:03,040 Speaker 1: Spain and they go to Andorra to get the cheap 228 00:15:03,080 --> 00:15:06,520 Speaker 1: cigarettes or the cheap booze. Can we also say, really quick, 229 00:15:06,600 --> 00:15:10,280 Speaker 1: just addressing British listeners, we know we're doing a British 230 00:15:10,280 --> 00:15:13,600 Speaker 1: accent that doesn't exist anymore. That's why we're doing it. 231 00:15:13,600 --> 00:15:16,560 Speaker 1: It's better to do that one than to try and approximate, 232 00:15:16,680 --> 00:15:19,640 Speaker 1: like we're not, you know, being actors. Here. We're doing 233 00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:22,640 Speaker 1: a silly bit of a voice that doesn't exist because 234 00:15:22,640 --> 00:15:27,960 Speaker 1: it's funny. I do. I can do yeah, true story, folks. 235 00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:31,560 Speaker 1: I can do passable, much more realistic British accents, but 236 00:15:31,680 --> 00:15:33,680 Speaker 1: we like the fun ones the same way that your 237 00:15:33,720 --> 00:15:42,360 Speaker 1: favorite uh British comics might like the fun American accents. Yeah, yeah, yeah, 238 00:15:42,920 --> 00:15:50,440 Speaker 1: like Harlan Oh gosh, yeah, we need we need no 239 00:15:50,560 --> 00:15:53,520 Speaker 1: offense and if anything, we're doing it to prevent offense. 240 00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:56,520 Speaker 1: But I have noticed a few emails or it's like Jesus, guys, 241 00:15:56,520 --> 00:15:59,480 Speaker 1: no one talks that we we we get it. So yes, 242 00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:01,920 Speaker 1: think but this and all is mended, so on and 243 00:16:01,960 --> 00:16:05,720 Speaker 1: so on. All right, here's the thing though. Tourism is 244 00:16:05,760 --> 00:16:10,120 Speaker 1: big now. Of course being mountainous, it's also a huge 245 00:16:10,200 --> 00:16:15,520 Speaker 1: draw for people enjoy winter sports skiing, snowboarding, etcetera. The 246 00:16:15,600 --> 00:16:20,080 Speaker 1: construction industry has been doing well because of all the tourism. 247 00:16:20,600 --> 00:16:23,920 Speaker 1: And uh, there's one line that might sound like a throwaway, 248 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:26,400 Speaker 1: but you need to think about it. The banking sector 249 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:31,360 Speaker 1: is also economically significant. This is not unusual with a 250 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:35,920 Speaker 1: lot of the tiny, tiny European nations. And and and 251 00:16:36,240 --> 00:16:40,640 Speaker 1: Or is the sixth smallest European nation. And we we 252 00:16:40,680 --> 00:16:43,640 Speaker 1: talked about a member of the European Union. What do 253 00:16:43,720 --> 00:16:48,120 Speaker 1: they have like Andoran currency. No, they basically used the euro. 254 00:16:48,600 --> 00:16:52,880 Speaker 1: They don't have the Andoran pound. They basically if you 255 00:16:52,920 --> 00:16:55,120 Speaker 1: go to a shop, you're gonna you're gonna use a euro, 256 00:16:55,600 --> 00:16:58,040 Speaker 1: you know, you could you could try to make an 257 00:16:58,080 --> 00:17:01,800 Speaker 1: indoor and pounds, but it probably counts is counterfeiting. It 258 00:17:02,080 --> 00:17:07,560 Speaker 1: counts is counterfeiting whatever. So in I think July two 259 00:17:07,560 --> 00:17:11,040 Speaker 1: thousand eleven, they made a deal with the European Union 260 00:17:11,160 --> 00:17:14,880 Speaker 1: that made the euro its official currency, but they can't 261 00:17:14,880 --> 00:17:19,840 Speaker 1: issue their own bank notes. There's also no railway system. 262 00:17:19,880 --> 00:17:24,159 Speaker 1: There is one small airport. You know, there's a university 263 00:17:24,160 --> 00:17:28,680 Speaker 1: that was established in It's not a bad place to live. 264 00:17:28,800 --> 00:17:31,840 Speaker 1: And you know what's neat about this because it's landlocked, 265 00:17:31,920 --> 00:17:36,040 Speaker 1: it's insulated. It's like sandwiched in between Spain and France. 266 00:17:36,359 --> 00:17:40,040 Speaker 1: I would argue, even if it's not on paper part 267 00:17:40,040 --> 00:17:44,000 Speaker 1: of the European Union, it functionally is, right, Like maybe 268 00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:48,280 Speaker 1: that's just a way to get out of taxation requirements. Yeah, 269 00:17:48,320 --> 00:17:50,640 Speaker 1: I mean that's what allows them to have their essential 270 00:17:50,720 --> 00:17:54,040 Speaker 1: like duty free lounge. You know, like there's sort of 271 00:17:54,080 --> 00:17:57,560 Speaker 1: this like liminal space that exists for you know, vacationing 272 00:17:57,640 --> 00:18:01,520 Speaker 1: and shopping mainly. It's yeah lutely that would be they'd 273 00:18:01,520 --> 00:18:04,560 Speaker 1: be kind of sunk without it. Yeah, it's almost like 274 00:18:05,040 --> 00:18:08,840 Speaker 1: the duty free store for Spain and France. And I 275 00:18:08,880 --> 00:18:11,400 Speaker 1: think we gotta go back. Uh, we gotta go back, 276 00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:16,240 Speaker 1: you guys to this weird governmental structure. And Max know 277 00:18:16,359 --> 00:18:21,359 Speaker 1: this stood out for you too. So they're represented internationally 278 00:18:21,520 --> 00:18:26,440 Speaker 1: by these co princes. That's what makes them a co principality. Uh, 279 00:18:26,520 --> 00:18:30,960 Speaker 1: they're headed their government is headed by the delegates from 280 00:18:31,040 --> 00:18:35,520 Speaker 1: these areas. So right now two thousand and twenty two, 281 00:18:36,320 --> 00:18:40,840 Speaker 1: the nation of Andorra is led by two foreign individuals, 282 00:18:41,280 --> 00:18:44,879 Speaker 1: h bishop from a city in Spain and the President 283 00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:47,959 Speaker 1: of France. That means the leaders of Andorra but are 284 00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:53,480 Speaker 1: currently Joan Anriq Vives uh Is Cecilia and Emmanuel mccron uh. 285 00:18:53,600 --> 00:18:57,080 Speaker 1: And neither of them live there. I'm just gonna put 286 00:18:57,119 --> 00:19:00,439 Speaker 1: that out there. No, they still don't, but there are 287 00:19:00,480 --> 00:19:03,000 Speaker 1: some remnants that that might seem a little more like 288 00:19:03,119 --> 00:19:06,160 Speaker 1: Lord of the Rings and kind of they have something 289 00:19:06,200 --> 00:19:10,600 Speaker 1: called the General Council of the Valleys because twenty eight 290 00:19:10,640 --> 00:19:15,080 Speaker 1: member body responsible for kind of you know, administering internal 291 00:19:15,720 --> 00:19:19,520 Speaker 1: functions of you know, government, both as a kind of 292 00:19:19,560 --> 00:19:23,399 Speaker 1: an informal legislature and a cabinet that has headed up 293 00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:26,520 Speaker 1: by a prime minister. Yeah. Yeah, so they have so 294 00:19:26,640 --> 00:19:31,320 Speaker 1: like despite the the strange past of their government. They 295 00:19:31,400 --> 00:19:36,879 Speaker 1: do have elections, they do vote for these representatives, and 296 00:19:37,200 --> 00:19:39,879 Speaker 1: you know that you can you can learn easily about 297 00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:44,760 Speaker 1: the cycle of how their elections work. Right now, most 298 00:19:44,960 --> 00:19:47,960 Speaker 1: of the real power has been transferred from those co 299 00:19:48,160 --> 00:19:53,760 Speaker 1: princes to that General Council, and they do have universal suffrage, etcetera, etcetera, 300 00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:59,840 Speaker 1: so they are modernized. But Max pointed out something really interesting. 301 00:20:00,080 --> 00:20:04,480 Speaker 1: I liked the Council because it's such a small country. 302 00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:09,000 Speaker 1: The Council is about point three six of the country's population. 303 00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:14,399 Speaker 1: For comparison, the United States UH Congress, that's four in 304 00:20:14,520 --> 00:20:17,960 Speaker 1: thirty five House of rep members and a hundred senators. 305 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:21,920 Speaker 1: That's about point zero zero zero one six per cent 306 00:20:22,119 --> 00:20:27,480 Speaker 1: of the US population. So lest you cast dispersions on andorra, 307 00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:31,959 Speaker 1: dear American friends, remember that their government is, you know, 308 00:20:32,119 --> 00:20:36,560 Speaker 1: arguably way more representative than the US government. They probably 309 00:20:36,560 --> 00:20:38,439 Speaker 1: all know each other too, That's how I feel. I 310 00:20:38,480 --> 00:20:40,880 Speaker 1: feel like they know each other. Now. They can raise 311 00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:44,840 Speaker 1: money through taxation, they've got independent judges, people can form 312 00:20:44,960 --> 00:20:49,800 Speaker 1: trade unions and political parties. Still, though those co princes, 313 00:20:49,880 --> 00:20:54,439 Speaker 1: those two foreign individuals are the constitutional heads of state, 314 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:58,719 Speaker 1: like uh, several other European countries, this is primarily a 315 00:20:58,800 --> 00:21:02,680 Speaker 1: ceremonial role sort of. How like in the United Kingdom, 316 00:21:02,760 --> 00:21:06,080 Speaker 1: the late queen now king that the crown basically, uh 317 00:21:06,560 --> 00:21:10,439 Speaker 1: can just change any law they want, but there's this 318 00:21:10,640 --> 00:21:14,239 Speaker 1: implied understanding that they'll never actually do it. You know. 319 00:21:14,440 --> 00:21:17,400 Speaker 1: It's it's that kind of thing. It's a ceremonial rule. Also, 320 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:20,240 Speaker 1: if we want to backtrack to the representation, I got 321 00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:23,400 Speaker 1: a weird United States example. Do you guys know about 322 00:21:23,440 --> 00:21:27,360 Speaker 1: the massive House of representatives they have in New Hampshire. 323 00:21:27,800 --> 00:21:31,240 Speaker 1: I've heard a little yeah. I mean, you know, like 324 00:21:31,280 --> 00:21:33,800 Speaker 1: with the past election and stuff. You know, just watching 325 00:21:33,840 --> 00:21:36,199 Speaker 1: some news conference and someone's talking about this, there is 326 00:21:36,520 --> 00:21:40,679 Speaker 1: four hundred members in the New Hampshire House Representatives. That 327 00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:43,920 Speaker 1: little tiny state has four hundred members. It's is I 328 00:21:44,119 --> 00:21:46,119 Speaker 1: got the Wikipedia page pulled up right now. It is 329 00:21:46,440 --> 00:21:50,240 Speaker 1: one legislator for every three thousand, three hundred residents. Well 330 00:21:50,280 --> 00:21:54,560 Speaker 1: that's great. Yeah, it's weird. It's like New Hampshire. I 331 00:21:54,560 --> 00:21:57,120 Speaker 1: think it's like twice the size of Pennsylvania's. I mean, 332 00:21:57,200 --> 00:22:01,240 Speaker 1: isn't that the closest thing to represent true representative democracy 333 00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:04,720 Speaker 1: that you can think of? Mm hmm it's pretty close. 334 00:22:04,720 --> 00:22:11,639 Speaker 1: But granted, I mean granted, it's okay, I'll end it there. No, no, 335 00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:20,960 Speaker 1: it just had to no plun left behind X And 336 00:22:21,040 --> 00:22:24,840 Speaker 1: if you're picturing you know this, if you're picturing like 337 00:22:25,200 --> 00:22:27,560 Speaker 1: the first Pink Panther movie, kind of like you know, 338 00:22:27,880 --> 00:22:35,240 Speaker 1: opulent Europeans assembled in Swiss chalets with their finest you know, 339 00:22:35,320 --> 00:22:39,439 Speaker 1: wool sweaters, woolen sweaters and booties. Uh, you're probably not 340 00:22:39,480 --> 00:22:41,760 Speaker 1: too far off. Um. It is located high in the 341 00:22:41,800 --> 00:22:45,760 Speaker 1: Eastern Pyrenees Mountains, right there between France and Spain. It 342 00:22:45,840 --> 00:22:48,040 Speaker 1: does have this kind of lovely mountain scenery, but it 343 00:22:48,160 --> 00:22:54,560 Speaker 1: is very well known for its winter sporting opportunities. You've 344 00:22:54,560 --> 00:22:57,480 Speaker 1: got skiers and snowboarders that come there. There's a tiny 345 00:22:57,520 --> 00:23:01,320 Speaker 1: little town called in Camp kind of fun, and that 346 00:23:01,480 --> 00:23:05,280 Speaker 1: is a base for the Pause de la Casa and 347 00:23:05,400 --> 00:23:10,000 Speaker 1: the Grau Roy ski areas. Um. You also have another 348 00:23:10,040 --> 00:23:15,199 Speaker 1: giant ski attraction called Grand Valira, which learns a reference 349 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:20,840 Speaker 1: to that river between Andorra la Vela and Escaldes. So 350 00:23:20,880 --> 00:23:25,240 Speaker 1: if you're not into skiing and showing off your finest cashmere, 351 00:23:25,720 --> 00:23:29,040 Speaker 1: why not check out some sight seeing in the kind 352 00:23:29,040 --> 00:23:31,960 Speaker 1: of you know, this sort of set in time, kind 353 00:23:31,960 --> 00:23:34,920 Speaker 1: of frozen in time places like where you know these villages. 354 00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:38,840 Speaker 1: One such example would be El Serat, which is high 355 00:23:38,880 --> 00:23:42,560 Speaker 1: in the mountains, and La Cortinada, where you can see 356 00:23:42,600 --> 00:23:48,480 Speaker 1: a beautiful church called the Marte de la Cortinada. Um 357 00:23:48,520 --> 00:23:53,600 Speaker 1: and these are very picturesque, charming little bergs right northwest 358 00:23:53,640 --> 00:23:58,240 Speaker 1: of the capital city. Yeah, yeah, yeah, this is This 359 00:23:58,320 --> 00:24:00,879 Speaker 1: is cool too because for p people who live in 360 00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:05,040 Speaker 1: the region, it's an awesome day trip. You're only a 361 00:24:05,080 --> 00:24:09,680 Speaker 1: few hours from Barcelona, like three hours drive from Barcelona 362 00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:13,480 Speaker 1: and three hours from to Lose. So this is a 363 00:24:13,480 --> 00:24:15,760 Speaker 1: great spot to take the kids. They're not paying us 364 00:24:15,760 --> 00:24:19,199 Speaker 1: to say that, we just know it to be the case. Also, 365 00:24:19,880 --> 00:24:23,120 Speaker 1: I gotta tell you not everybody's a fan of Andorra. 366 00:24:23,600 --> 00:24:28,520 Speaker 1: There's one guy, Alistir Bland, who wrote a Smithsonian Magazine 367 00:24:28,640 --> 00:24:32,040 Speaker 1: article we love Smithsonian here that offend. Essentially, he's like 368 00:24:32,080 --> 00:24:35,280 Speaker 1: a hit piece on Andra. It's called Andra the ugliest 369 00:24:35,320 --> 00:24:40,480 Speaker 1: country in Europe. Question question right, and uh. He says 370 00:24:41,320 --> 00:24:44,440 Speaker 1: that Andorra used to be a pretty cool place, but 371 00:24:44,640 --> 00:24:48,760 Speaker 1: they have sold out, right, they have gone to commercial. 372 00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:51,919 Speaker 1: When you look through what he's saying about it. Probably 373 00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:57,000 Speaker 1: the line that stands out the most is uh. He says, 374 00:24:57,119 --> 00:25:00,080 Speaker 1: when the Andlban saw the mountainous land that would be 375 00:25:00,200 --> 00:25:03,440 Speaker 1: there's just up slope of Spain and south of France. 376 00:25:03,800 --> 00:25:06,880 Speaker 1: I think I know what's what they would have said, crummy, 377 00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:09,400 Speaker 1: it's gonna be tough to build shopping malls up there. 378 00:25:09,920 --> 00:25:15,680 Speaker 1: So you know, that's like classic snarky European writing. But yeah, 379 00:25:15,880 --> 00:25:18,199 Speaker 1: I mean, let's just be real. It's it's hard for 380 00:25:18,240 --> 00:25:21,159 Speaker 1: places to be completely you know, beautiful places that do 381 00:25:21,240 --> 00:25:24,240 Speaker 1: rely on tourism, to be completely untouched by commercialism. But 382 00:25:24,280 --> 00:25:27,159 Speaker 1: it does sound like because of that kind of duty 383 00:25:27,240 --> 00:25:31,719 Speaker 1: free zone that we mentioned that maybe commercialism has taken 384 00:25:31,760 --> 00:25:33,879 Speaker 1: over in a in a bit of a maybe an 385 00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:37,240 Speaker 1: icky way. I've not been to Endure, have have either 386 00:25:37,280 --> 00:25:44,399 Speaker 1: of you fellas been to Endoor not quite yet? Field trip? Yeah, yeah, 387 00:25:44,480 --> 00:25:47,760 Speaker 1: it'll it'll be a day trip. But Bland is seeming 388 00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:51,920 Speaker 1: to argue that the whole place is just two skips 389 00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:55,760 Speaker 1: to hop away from becoming a amusement park or something. 390 00:25:55,840 --> 00:25:58,760 Speaker 1: But but get there while you can. It does remind 391 00:25:58,800 --> 00:26:03,280 Speaker 1: me of a little town down near Atlanta here called Helen, Georgia, 392 00:26:03,920 --> 00:26:07,640 Speaker 1: UM that is it was basically constructed to look like 393 00:26:07,760 --> 00:26:11,200 Speaker 1: a German village with a lot of that architecture and 394 00:26:11,240 --> 00:26:14,040 Speaker 1: those kind of multicolored little row houses, and you know, 395 00:26:14,320 --> 00:26:17,359 Speaker 1: they've got little shops that sell pralins and fudge and 396 00:26:17,560 --> 00:26:20,240 Speaker 1: they do oct October fests there. But as it turns out, 397 00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:24,160 Speaker 1: there's no real tie to German culture and history there 398 00:26:24,160 --> 00:26:26,880 Speaker 1: at all, but you would think there was. Um, it's 399 00:26:27,040 --> 00:26:30,280 Speaker 1: entirely basically like this little fantasy land, kind of like 400 00:26:30,320 --> 00:26:33,359 Speaker 1: an amusement park vibe. But I like it. I like 401 00:26:33,480 --> 00:26:36,399 Speaker 1: to go people rag on Helen and they've got good 402 00:26:36,440 --> 00:26:41,040 Speaker 1: tubing opportunities there. There's and funnel cake. It's like going 403 00:26:41,080 --> 00:26:44,159 Speaker 1: to the county Fair, but you can like tube and 404 00:26:44,160 --> 00:26:46,560 Speaker 1: and drink giant steins of beer, and they've got some 405 00:26:46,600 --> 00:26:49,080 Speaker 1: really good German food there. But it is unusual that 406 00:26:50,200 --> 00:26:53,280 Speaker 1: there really is no actual connection to culture. It's sort 407 00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:56,480 Speaker 1: of manufactured culture, it seems like. And Door doesn't necessarily 408 00:26:56,520 --> 00:27:00,320 Speaker 1: have that egregious of an example of this, but they 409 00:27:00,320 --> 00:27:02,520 Speaker 1: could be that they're heading in that direction. Well, I 410 00:27:02,720 --> 00:27:06,399 Speaker 1: you know, I'm a big fan of weirdly specific things, 411 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:09,240 Speaker 1: so to Helen, I would also add, to a lesser 412 00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:14,440 Speaker 1: degree Avondale, Georgia has uh has this stretch where the 413 00:27:14,520 --> 00:27:18,879 Speaker 1: builders said let's make things look like Shakespearean times and 414 00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:21,720 Speaker 1: someone said why and then someone said, shut up, we're 415 00:27:21,760 --> 00:27:25,720 Speaker 1: building it, and then Americana over in Brazil. I want 416 00:27:25,760 --> 00:27:28,679 Speaker 1: to say the world is full of amazing places like this, 417 00:27:28,760 --> 00:27:31,760 Speaker 1: and we'd love to hear from everybody who has had 418 00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:35,679 Speaker 1: a chance to travel to Andorra. Let us know what 419 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:39,240 Speaker 1: your tips and tricks are. And as we said, it's 420 00:27:39,280 --> 00:27:42,480 Speaker 1: not even the smallest country in Europe. It's number six. 421 00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:47,199 Speaker 1: The smallest officially recognized country in the world out of 422 00:27:47,240 --> 00:27:49,919 Speaker 1: the hundred and nineties seven or so that have some 423 00:27:50,000 --> 00:27:54,120 Speaker 1: kind of recognition is of course, Vatican City. It's also 424 00:27:54,160 --> 00:27:56,520 Speaker 1: the only place where you can find a t M 425 00:27:56,600 --> 00:28:01,120 Speaker 1: S in Latin. And while you're helping us explore new 426 00:28:01,240 --> 00:28:04,879 Speaker 1: and fascinating things, fellow Ridiculous historians, we would love to 427 00:28:04,880 --> 00:28:09,080 Speaker 1: return the favor and help you explore some new and 428 00:28:09,240 --> 00:28:13,760 Speaker 1: fascinating things, such as the other shows on the Ridicult 429 00:28:13,880 --> 00:28:18,160 Speaker 1: in the Ridiculous Universe. Correct, uh, you like a little crime, 430 00:28:18,320 --> 00:28:21,920 Speaker 1: but not so much of the blood and gore. While checkout, 431 00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:26,439 Speaker 1: Zarin and Elizabeth are pals over at Ridiculous Crime. It's 432 00:28:26,480 --> 00:28:30,119 Speaker 1: a delightful exploration of all things kind of absurd in 433 00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:33,119 Speaker 1: the world of true crime, but with none of the 434 00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:36,159 Speaker 1: kind of you know, misery, porn that's so much of 435 00:28:36,480 --> 00:28:39,480 Speaker 1: other true crime podcasts tend to lean on what else 436 00:28:39,560 --> 00:28:43,560 Speaker 1: we got. Well, we also have Ridiculous Romance with our 437 00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:49,080 Speaker 1: pals Diana and Eli Uh. They are the nicest couple. 438 00:28:49,120 --> 00:28:52,160 Speaker 1: They're married in real life, and every week they bring 439 00:28:52,240 --> 00:28:57,440 Speaker 1: you stories of the strangest kinds of romance. It's not 440 00:28:57,560 --> 00:29:02,240 Speaker 1: always amorous either, because love is a many splendored thing. 441 00:29:02,760 --> 00:29:05,400 Speaker 1: And while you're doing all that, why not check out 442 00:29:05,960 --> 00:29:09,120 Speaker 1: some guest appearances, most recently by Noel, also by me 443 00:29:09,200 --> 00:29:15,240 Speaker 1: as well on Ridiculous News by Mark Kendall and Bill Whorley. Correct. 444 00:29:15,360 --> 00:29:17,520 Speaker 1: They do a couple of different times of episodes every week, 445 00:29:18,040 --> 00:29:21,280 Speaker 1: including news round up episodes, which is what I was 446 00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:23,800 Speaker 1: lucky enough to be a guest on, wherein they just 447 00:29:23,840 --> 00:29:26,120 Speaker 1: sort of explore some of the headlines of the week 448 00:29:26,480 --> 00:29:29,680 Speaker 1: through a very thoughtful and dare I say, ridiculous lens, 449 00:29:29,680 --> 00:29:32,960 Speaker 1: and I got to read some kind of mundane headlights 450 00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:35,240 Speaker 1: and and silly voices. So that was a lot of fun. 451 00:29:35,280 --> 00:29:38,800 Speaker 1: So definitely check out all of these peer podcasts and 452 00:29:38,840 --> 00:29:43,920 Speaker 1: the Ridiculous Extended Universe, And as always, thanks to our 453 00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:47,720 Speaker 1: super producer, Mr Max Williams. Thanks to Alex Williams who 454 00:29:47,720 --> 00:29:52,160 Speaker 1: composed our track. Thanks to Jonathan Strickland, our own little 455 00:29:52,200 --> 00:29:57,800 Speaker 1: and Dora of Ridiculous History and Dora from Bewitched. Samantha's 456 00:29:58,000 --> 00:30:03,160 Speaker 1: Mother m Yeah, as soon as uh Samantha's uh kind 457 00:30:03,160 --> 00:30:06,560 Speaker 1: of crazy mother in law played by the incredibly named, 458 00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:11,640 Speaker 1: very uh charming Agnes Moorehead also huge thanks to Christopher 459 00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:14,720 Speaker 1: Hasciotis here in spirit. Got to see corporeally the other 460 00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:18,120 Speaker 1: day for a little git together thinking at our new offices. Um, 461 00:30:18,160 --> 00:30:20,560 Speaker 1: hope to have him on the show very soon. We've 462 00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:22,720 Speaker 1: been teasing that for a minute, but uh, our man's 463 00:30:22,760 --> 00:30:25,000 Speaker 1: been a little bit slammed. But I'm gonna get back 464 00:30:25,040 --> 00:30:28,520 Speaker 1: to that very soon. And in the meantime, of course, 465 00:30:28,560 --> 00:30:31,480 Speaker 1: thanks also to use Jeff Coat, thanks to Gabe Bluesier, 466 00:30:31,720 --> 00:30:35,120 Speaker 1: thanks to Dr Zach, thanks to Jeff Bartlett's, thanks to 467 00:30:35,640 --> 00:30:39,760 Speaker 1: I'll say the one and only Mr Casey Pegram. Alright, folks, 468 00:30:39,800 --> 00:30:44,400 Speaker 1: stay tuned for our upcoming episodes and uh hey, maybe 469 00:30:44,400 --> 00:30:47,720 Speaker 1: catch us on the road to Andorra. We'll see you next. Topoix. 470 00:30:54,520 --> 00:30:56,600 Speaker 1: For more podcasts for my heart Radio, visit the I 471 00:30:56,680 --> 00:30:59,520 Speaker 1: heart Radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you listen to 472 00:30:59,600 --> 00:31:00,960 Speaker 1: your favor right shows.