WEBVTT - The Kardashev Scale

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff from the Science Lab from how stuff

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<v Speaker 1>works dot com. Hey guys, welcome to the podcast. This

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<v Speaker 1>is Alice Madam of the science editor at how stuff

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<v Speaker 1>works dot com. And this is Robert Lamb, science writer

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<v Speaker 1>at how stuff works dot com. And uh, I've got

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<v Speaker 1>a question for you, Alison. Have you ever played Dungeons

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<v Speaker 1>and Dragons? I haven't. I think my brother did. My

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<v Speaker 1>oldest brother used to play Dungeons and Dragons. We we

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<v Speaker 1>know how it works. You have like a character, right,

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<v Speaker 1>like maybe you're an Elf, or you're a mage, or

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<v Speaker 1>you're it's just like like a wizard, you know, like

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<v Speaker 1>fireball spells and all that. Oh, the guy just died, Dave,

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<v Speaker 1>didn't you die last Yeah? It was at least last year,

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<v Speaker 1>it was. But any rate, My point being, in this game,

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<v Speaker 1>you have a character and you gain experience points, and

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<v Speaker 1>then you reach that point where you level up and

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<v Speaker 1>you go from like your level one Elvin Mage to

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<v Speaker 1>a level to Elvin Mage, and suddenly you have new

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<v Speaker 1>spells and a new type of fireball, you know, and uh,

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<v Speaker 1>and then there's a lot of this video games too,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, reach that next level, you gain new powers,

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<v Speaker 1>new responsibilities, right, humans whether in games or in real life,

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<v Speaker 1>are always trying to advance. I guess that's the point

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<v Speaker 1>you're getting at, isn't it. Yeah, like you're trying to

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<v Speaker 1>become a level five editor, at which point you get fireballs. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>For writers who mess up on their questions of the day,

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<v Speaker 1>I gets a hot nuclear missiles, Adam, I would never

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<v Speaker 1>do that. Maybe a fireball, Yeah, I think fireballs more

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<v Speaker 1>your speed for level five. Yeah. Yeah, But my point

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<v Speaker 1>being that civilizations, according to some cosmologists and science fiction writers,

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<v Speaker 1>also level up. Yeah. So today we thought we'd bring

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<v Speaker 1>to you a look at the Kardashe of skill thanks

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<v Speaker 1>to Nikolai Cardashe of Russian astrophysicists and director of the

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<v Speaker 1>Space Research Institute of the Academy of Sciences in Moscow.

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<v Speaker 1>And this was a guy who conducted the first Soviet

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<v Speaker 1>search for intelligent extra chest field signal in Yeah. It

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<v Speaker 1>was like Soviet set going on. Yeah yeah, not Soviet city,

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<v Speaker 1>but Soviet steady. Yeah. I mean it comes down to

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<v Speaker 1>the Okay, there, you're looking for intelligent extra terrestrial life

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<v Speaker 1>in the universe. That's great, but what are you looking for? Actually?

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<v Speaker 1>You know, you know, you you need something to look for.

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<v Speaker 1>You need some idea of what this intelligent life could be.

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<v Speaker 1>And as always we we end up falling back on

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<v Speaker 1>our own model, you know, I mean, what more do

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<v Speaker 1>we have to go out? We did. We're the only intelligence,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, species in the universe that we know of.

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<v Speaker 1>So if we're going to guess at what that might

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<v Speaker 1>entail for another planet in another corner of the universe,

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<v Speaker 1>we have to base it on this model, right right,

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<v Speaker 1>that makes sense? So so yeah, basically, so he basically

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<v Speaker 1>would take our our civilization all right and extrapolate on it.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, look at look at what our technology is,

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<v Speaker 1>what our understanding of science is, and by and just

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<v Speaker 1>and and say what would that be like in you know,

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<v Speaker 1>X number of years? Because because one of the things

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<v Speaker 1>when you're looking for for alien life, you've got to

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<v Speaker 1>think some of these alien life forms, if they exist,

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<v Speaker 1>could be billions of years ahead of us. So they've

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<v Speaker 1>got to you know, a huge head start, and they

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<v Speaker 1>could their technology could already be really advanced. So how

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<v Speaker 1>do you classify that? And then how do you look

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<v Speaker 1>for it? And what's the common thread that runs through

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<v Speaker 1>all civilizations? I mean, what do we need? What what

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<v Speaker 1>does every species need to survive. We need energy, of course,

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<v Speaker 1>and so Kardachev's scale is built on energy. Yeah, now

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<v Speaker 1>starting off, not really starting off, but currently we're um,

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<v Speaker 1>we're about a according to Carl Sagan, about a point seven.

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<v Speaker 1>So let's run you through the different kinds of civilizations.

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<v Speaker 1>Kardach have named three a type one, a type two

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<v Speaker 1>in type three. So we're gonna start off with type one,

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<v Speaker 1>well type zero technically, because type zero is was what

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<v Speaker 1>we technically are, or type zero point seven. Any right,

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<v Speaker 1>we're not on the scale yet. That's never a good thing.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't think. Yeah, well it's it is what it is.

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<v Speaker 1>But but yeah, we're not quite on the scale yet,

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<v Speaker 1>but we're getting closer and closer. Type one is the

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<v Speaker 1>next one. This is when we're gonna If we reach

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<v Speaker 1>this point, we're gonna level up. Okay, So yeah, let's

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<v Speaker 1>talk about what a type one civilization should be. What

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<v Speaker 1>what Kardashian imagine it to be. Um, he thought that

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<v Speaker 1>these kind of civilizations are masters of planetary energy, which

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<v Speaker 1>is no small feat, meaning that they can harness some

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<v Speaker 1>energy of an entire world. But we're not quite there yet. Again,

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<v Speaker 1>as Robert was saying, we're Sagan thought we were point seven. Um,

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<v Speaker 1>so we depend on fossil fuels, as you guys will know,

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<v Speaker 1>as opposed to win solar geothermal for the most part,

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<v Speaker 1>dead plants instead of actual global forces. Right, we're beholden

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<v Speaker 1>to the weather and we haven't really figured out how

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<v Speaker 1>to manipulate it yet except for the Olympics in Beijing. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>and that's kind of testy, you know, it's kind of

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<v Speaker 1>like there are some cannons into it. You know, it's

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<v Speaker 1>um not to The opening ceremony was pretty clear that night,

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<v Speaker 1>So I think China would describe that. But that's that's

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<v Speaker 1>different from being like, Okay, we've got hurricanes coming in

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<v Speaker 1>the continent. How are we going to shut one of

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<v Speaker 1>those down? No doubt, I agree. Um, but yeah, would

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<v Speaker 1>just and and it also would entail um according to

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<v Speaker 1>uh To to some cosmologists, wh would just entail becoming

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<v Speaker 1>a global a planetary civilization. What do you mean by that? Well,

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<v Speaker 1>all right, well we're kind of the seeds are there, right, Um,

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<v Speaker 1>Like we already are beginning to have more of a

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<v Speaker 1>planetary language. Oh what does the planetary language? Well, it's English,

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<v Speaker 1>it's not French, it's it's not French. But but according

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<v Speaker 1>to something especially, Um, how do you said that guy's name, right,

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<v Speaker 1>the gentleman from the with the crazy hair from University

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<v Speaker 1>of New York as opposed to n y U, which

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<v Speaker 1>I think we are erronestly said before Michio Kaku Kacku. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>Mr Kaku, who's doctor to you? Doctor? Yes, doctor Kaku,

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<v Speaker 1>who's all over the internet and is awesome. I loves

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<v Speaker 1>talking about this stuff. Um. Yeah. He points out that

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<v Speaker 1>we already are getting to where we have a planetary

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<v Speaker 1>language in the form of English. We already have a

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<v Speaker 1>planetary communication system in the terms of the Internet. We're

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<v Speaker 1>we're growing planetary economies such as uh European Union, and

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<v Speaker 1>we're beginning to have a planetary culture in the form

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<v Speaker 1>of Lady Gaga. Well that's that's not his example, but

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<v Speaker 1>that's mine. You know. It's like we're getting there are

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<v Speaker 1>these things that like everybody seems to love because everybody

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<v Speaker 1>loves Lady Gaga. So you can't even sing one of

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<v Speaker 1>our songs. I bet I know I could if I

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<v Speaker 1>really wanted to. But we're not right where a science podcast.

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<v Speaker 1>You guys don't want to hear that from us anyway, No,

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<v Speaker 1>Lady Gaga infessions. Right, so Cacus stresses a type one

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<v Speaker 1>civilization will have mastered pretty much most forms of planetary energy.

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<v Speaker 1>M hmm, this is this would be thousands or millions

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<v Speaker 1>times are current planetary output of energy? All right, Um,

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<v Speaker 1>you know we're talking controlling earthquakes, volcanoes, being able to

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<v Speaker 1>build cities out in the middle of the ocean. Um,

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<v Speaker 1>just you know, any of these sort of far future

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<v Speaker 1>ideas that show people just really you know, like nothing

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<v Speaker 1>that the Earth can throw at us can stop us.

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<v Speaker 1>Because that's the other thing. It's like you will be

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<v Speaker 1>able to snicker at the weather forecast earthquake. I don't

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<v Speaker 1>think so. Yeah, So like all the extinction events or

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<v Speaker 1>at least most of the extinction events that we know,

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<v Speaker 1>all all the extinction events that relate to the Earth

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<v Speaker 1>itself will be solved. Really, but how does he think, Um,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, cosmic bodies crashing into well, see that's the

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<v Speaker 1>thing that that's where we we would still have a

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<v Speaker 1>pendential threat because we maybe masters of planetary energy. But

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<v Speaker 1>but the rest of the energy in the in the

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<v Speaker 1>solar system, in the universe, etcetera. That's still beyond our

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<v Speaker 1>graphs that doesn't mean we're not traveling into space, because

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<v Speaker 1>you could be a type one civilization theoretically and still

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<v Speaker 1>be still be traveling around the Solar System. It just

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<v Speaker 1>don't you know, it's like you can you can walk

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<v Speaker 1>the streets, and I mean you own the streets. So

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<v Speaker 1>what time what kind of time fame are we talking about? Her? Well?

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<v Speaker 1>It as as always, it depends who you ask. Our

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<v Speaker 1>friend Mr kku Uh thinks we'll get there in a

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<v Speaker 1>mere century, which sounds but you know, we're point seven.

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<v Speaker 1>I mean Sagan said we were points and I think

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<v Speaker 1>we're somewhere like a point seven four right now on

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<v Speaker 1>some of these scales. People like, you know, these are

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<v Speaker 1>the people that are kind of indicator on the internet somewhere. Yeah, yeah, probably.

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<v Speaker 1>So it's kind of like the experience point counter in

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<v Speaker 1>a video game or in New Dungeons and Dragons and

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<v Speaker 1>people are like, oh man, I don't have to kill

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<v Speaker 1>seven more Orcs and then we're totally civil civilization one um. Right,

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<v Speaker 1>So that's an optimistic prediction if you asked Uh. Physicist

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<v Speaker 1>Freeman Dison, on the other hand, he's thinking maybe within

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<v Speaker 1>two hundred years when the leap is going to occur. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>so you know, and you know a lot of factors

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<v Speaker 1>you know, play into that sort of thing. A big

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<v Speaker 1>one of course, is will we destroy ourselves before we

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<v Speaker 1>level up? Right? Right? This is a this is a

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<v Speaker 1>huge deal that that a number of cosmologists stress that

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<v Speaker 1>that this is a very dangerous transition from type zero

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<v Speaker 1>to type one because are we going to kill ourselves

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<v Speaker 1>with war? You know? Or are we going to you know,

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<v Speaker 1>all burn up and uh in some sort of nuclear

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<v Speaker 1>arma armageddon? Are we going to ravage the planet to

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<v Speaker 1>where we know we have nothing left to go forward

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<v Speaker 1>with when we actually reach the point of becoming a

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<v Speaker 1>Type one civilization, um, you know, they think that we'll

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<v Speaker 1>we'll have a lot of this stuff worked out, will

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<v Speaker 1>be a global culture. So global cultures aren't going to

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<v Speaker 1>wage war against themselves. You know, it's like we'll all

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<v Speaker 1>be one that kind of thing. So and you can

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<v Speaker 1>sort of take that or leave it as you like,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, because that brings in the whole question, um,

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<v Speaker 1>as humanity becomes more and more advanced technologically, um or

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<v Speaker 1>even become more unified, um, you know, on a political

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<v Speaker 1>cultural level, are we were really going to outgrow our

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<v Speaker 1>self destructive tendencies. That's an optimistic that's an open question.

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<v Speaker 1>I look forward to that day should it ever occur. So,

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<v Speaker 1>you guys know that we're always fans of science fiction.

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<v Speaker 1>So what's a good example of science fiction? Um? Type

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<v Speaker 1>one civilization? UM? I think a lot of your more

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<v Speaker 1>and the only specific example I ran across was like

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<v Speaker 1>sort of like the old Buck Rodgers, Um, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>where he's moving around the solar system a little, but

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<v Speaker 1>the energy involved is basically Type one civilization. I think

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of your sort of I think you see

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of it in some sort of some cyberpunk

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<v Speaker 1>you know, where it's like you're not like super space

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<v Speaker 1>faring kind of um kind of future world, but it's

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<v Speaker 1>like they're they're getting the energy figured out on a

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<v Speaker 1>planetary level. I guess some of your more optimistic Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>of course cyberpunk tin is not to be all that

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<v Speaker 1>optimistic because some of your more optimistic views of a

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<v Speaker 1>of a you know, not too distant future. Okay, so

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<v Speaker 1>let's level up. Let's head on up to type two civilizations. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>this is where things get like, things get pretty far

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<v Speaker 1>out in a hurry. When we started talking about Dyson

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<v Speaker 1>swarms and Dyson spears. Yeah, there are friends from the

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<v Speaker 1>last section we just talked about Freeman Dyson and uh,

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<v Speaker 1>all these guys are still alive, by the way, even Um,

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<v Speaker 1>even Karachev. So Type two civilization is all about the Sun. Really,

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<v Speaker 1>it's about harnessing the energy of the solar system, namely

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<v Speaker 1>the star at the center of the solar system. And

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<v Speaker 1>and of course we're talking pretty much here about solar energy.

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<v Speaker 1>It's the big one. Uh. Freeman Ayson proposed this idea

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<v Speaker 1>called a dice and swarm um and and this was

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<v Speaker 1>again this is kind of like you know, him thinking

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<v Speaker 1>along the lines of Kardashi of it laid out and

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<v Speaker 1>saying like, all right, what would this entail if you

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<v Speaker 1>could capture, you know, the power of entire sun. So

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<v Speaker 1>this is like taking satellites like solar harvesters and either

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<v Speaker 1>like looping them in a belt around a star or

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<v Speaker 1>just completely swarming them around a star, you know, like

0:11:24.640 --> 0:11:28.839
<v Speaker 1>flies around you know, a rotting steak or something, you know. Uh,

0:11:28.840 --> 0:11:30.880
<v Speaker 1>and they just harvest all to the point where they're

0:11:30.920 --> 0:11:33.760
<v Speaker 1>just harvesting like all the energy of that star and

0:11:33.800 --> 0:11:37.880
<v Speaker 1>transferring it back to the master and wherever man kind

0:11:37.960 --> 0:11:40.440
<v Speaker 1>maybe right, And then I haven't. They also talked about

0:11:40.480 --> 0:11:43.880
<v Speaker 1>enslaving a black hole for type two civilization. Yeah, yeah,

0:11:43.880 --> 0:11:46.640
<v Speaker 1>any of these, uh, these situations where they talk talk

0:11:46.720 --> 0:11:49.760
<v Speaker 1>about like harnessing some sort of massive um you know,

0:11:49.880 --> 0:11:53.200
<v Speaker 1>star or star related body, like a black hole. Yeah,

0:11:53.240 --> 0:11:57.760
<v Speaker 1>that would be another instance of type two status. Um oh,

0:11:57.760 --> 0:12:00.319
<v Speaker 1>and Dyson also had There's also the idea of the

0:12:00.400 --> 0:12:04.600
<v Speaker 1>dice In sphere, which is basically in like a giant

0:12:04.840 --> 0:12:07.760
<v Speaker 1>egg shell. Imagine, you know, a big round shell that

0:12:07.800 --> 0:12:10.680
<v Speaker 1>goes around a star. Yeah, I'm thinking of a Cadbury egg.

0:12:10.720 --> 0:12:14.040
<v Speaker 1>Maybe it's because we're recording this, yeah, you know, and

0:12:14.120 --> 0:12:16.000
<v Speaker 1>it could be. I mean, they could make it shaped

0:12:16.200 --> 0:12:18.240
<v Speaker 1>like a Cadbury egg and even have it like with

0:12:18.240 --> 0:12:20.680
<v Speaker 1>the fancy floor wrappers. Because they're tipe two civilizations. Who's

0:12:20.679 --> 0:12:23.160
<v Speaker 1>gonna stop them? But this one is shown up in

0:12:23.200 --> 0:12:26.199
<v Speaker 1>a lot of science fiction. Um, I know they encountered

0:12:26.200 --> 0:12:30.520
<v Speaker 1>one in Star Trek a sphere, and then also in

0:12:30.600 --> 0:12:33.959
<v Speaker 1>like the Warhammer forty universe there's like one with an

0:12:33.960 --> 0:12:35.880
<v Speaker 1>evil energy god in the center or something I did.

0:12:35.920 --> 0:12:38.360
<v Speaker 1>They're everywhere because they're they're really is there a Dicen

0:12:38.400 --> 0:12:40.680
<v Speaker 1>sphere and d oh no, I'm sorry there's a type

0:12:40.679 --> 0:12:44.320
<v Speaker 1>two civilization, yes, yeah, yeah, Dune is a good example

0:12:44.360 --> 0:12:48.400
<v Speaker 1>of type two civilization. Um, that's the thing. Also, um yeah,

0:12:48.400 --> 0:12:50.199
<v Speaker 1>in addition to the dicensphere, we're gonna be able to

0:12:50.200 --> 0:12:53.320
<v Speaker 1>do cool stuff and a type two civilization like interstellar

0:12:53.480 --> 0:12:56.480
<v Speaker 1>travel and yeah, the ability to move entire planets. Yeah,

0:12:56.480 --> 0:12:59.760
<v Speaker 1>a lot of megastructure type things, like the stuff in

0:12:59.800 --> 0:13:02.800
<v Speaker 1>like Arey Niven's Ring World or the Halo games. We

0:13:02.840 --> 0:13:05.920
<v Speaker 1>have these just giant, you know, structures that are floating

0:13:05.920 --> 0:13:08.120
<v Speaker 1>out there, and I mean that's that's all type two

0:13:08.160 --> 0:13:12.400
<v Speaker 1>civilization type stuff. Um. Of course, when will we actually

0:13:12.440 --> 0:13:15.000
<v Speaker 1>reach the point where we could have those things? Well,

0:13:15.440 --> 0:13:19.280
<v Speaker 1>Kardashev himself said that it would take a mirror two

0:13:19.360 --> 0:13:22.720
<v Speaker 1>hundred years to reach type two status, So it's all

0:13:22.760 --> 0:13:25.360
<v Speaker 1>the ways off, right. So now we're working on thirty

0:13:25.400 --> 0:13:27.280
<v Speaker 1>three hundred years because we still have to make the

0:13:27.360 --> 0:13:30.120
<v Speaker 1>leap to the type one civilization from our lily point

0:13:30.200 --> 0:13:33.320
<v Speaker 1>seven or point seven floor status. So factor that in

0:13:33.400 --> 0:13:35.520
<v Speaker 1>and now that we have another thirty two hundred years,

0:13:35.520 --> 0:13:38.640
<v Speaker 1>so we're working on. Don't market on your Google calendar

0:13:38.720 --> 0:13:40.839
<v Speaker 1>just yet, because again, these are very rough figures for

0:13:41.040 --> 0:13:43.360
<v Speaker 1>dealing with here. Um. You know, it's not like oh,

0:13:43.480 --> 0:13:45.679
<v Speaker 1>typetoo Civilization Day and we get to take a half

0:13:45.760 --> 0:13:48.560
<v Speaker 1>day at work. You know, let's get to the apex

0:13:48.600 --> 0:13:54.680
<v Speaker 1>of civilization, Shelly, the Type three civilization, and this is

0:13:54.880 --> 0:13:58.560
<v Speaker 1>a natural progression here At type three you command energy

0:13:58.600 --> 0:14:03.240
<v Speaker 1>on a galactic scale. All right, So we're basically talking

0:14:03.280 --> 0:14:05.720
<v Speaker 1>god like powers, Like everybody's going to be naming their

0:14:05.800 --> 0:14:08.160
<v Speaker 1>kids Zeus and stuff like that. Oh I don't Will

0:14:08.200 --> 0:14:10.080
<v Speaker 1>there be kids, Will they have names? I don't know.

0:14:10.120 --> 0:14:13.120
<v Speaker 1>That's the thing gets to the point where I mean,

0:14:13.160 --> 0:14:14.800
<v Speaker 1>are we what are we? At that point? Are we

0:14:14.920 --> 0:14:18.040
<v Speaker 1>people are anymore? It's like very you know, past human

0:14:18.120 --> 0:14:20.680
<v Speaker 1>and trans human kind of a deal. And that's where

0:14:20.720 --> 0:14:22.840
<v Speaker 1>the sci fi examples get kind of weird because like,

0:14:22.920 --> 0:14:26.200
<v Speaker 1>technically the Star Wars Empire is an example of the

0:14:26.200 --> 0:14:30.560
<v Speaker 1>type three civilization, but just in terms of its scope really,

0:14:30.680 --> 0:14:33.920
<v Speaker 1>you know, because that's that's not what a Type three

0:14:33.920 --> 0:14:36.680
<v Speaker 1>civilization would be like. You know, yeah, you made the

0:14:36.680 --> 0:14:39.880
<v Speaker 1>analogy before that predicting what a Type three civilization would

0:14:39.880 --> 0:14:42.160
<v Speaker 1>be like, it's kind of like predicting the weather. I mean,

0:14:42.200 --> 0:14:45.040
<v Speaker 1>it's just so far out, unpredictable and more far out

0:14:45.080 --> 0:14:47.760
<v Speaker 1>you get, the more difficult it is to imagine, um,

0:14:47.800 --> 0:14:51.360
<v Speaker 1>you know, because like for one thing, you're getting into

0:14:52.040 --> 0:14:59.000
<v Speaker 1>stuff like planet energy, which which could you know, involve

0:14:59.120 --> 0:15:02.480
<v Speaker 1>like warping time and space. You know, so you know,

0:15:03.400 --> 0:15:05.920
<v Speaker 1>it's just very difficult to to read. It's fun to

0:15:06.000 --> 0:15:08.720
<v Speaker 1>imagine what that could entail, you know, like Doctor Who,

0:15:08.760 --> 0:15:11.960
<v Speaker 1>Time Lords, you know, the monoliths and two thousand and one,

0:15:12.080 --> 0:15:14.800
<v Speaker 1>you know, all sorts of really trippy and amazing stuff.

0:15:14.800 --> 0:15:17.960
<v Speaker 1>But but it's it's it's technology on a level that's

0:15:18.000 --> 0:15:20.760
<v Speaker 1>really hard to fathom. Right. So Plank Energy is talking

0:15:20.760 --> 0:15:23.360
<v Speaker 1>about energy that's a quad jillion times larger than our

0:15:23.400 --> 0:15:27.040
<v Speaker 1>most powerful atom smasher, you know, the large hetern collaterate

0:15:27.080 --> 0:15:29.120
<v Speaker 1>now or actually I don't know if that's our most

0:15:29.160 --> 0:15:31.560
<v Speaker 1>powerful one to you. I gotta think it's one of

0:15:31.560 --> 0:15:36.640
<v Speaker 1>the most to these secret ones. Right. So the energy,

0:15:36.760 --> 0:15:39.520
<v Speaker 1>as fun, the energy, as fantastic as it may seem,

0:15:39.600 --> 0:15:41.760
<v Speaker 1>is by definition within the range of a type two

0:15:41.800 --> 0:15:46.000
<v Speaker 1>or type three civilization. And you are asking earlier, you're like,

0:15:46.000 --> 0:15:48.120
<v Speaker 1>well how about type for civilization? But I mean at

0:15:48.120 --> 0:15:50.400
<v Speaker 1>that point you're getting you're just getting silly. I mean,

0:15:50.400 --> 0:15:53.240
<v Speaker 1>that's we're not necessarily getting silly. But it's like again,

0:15:53.280 --> 0:15:56.320
<v Speaker 1>it's like we're already talking about god like technological powers

0:15:56.320 --> 0:15:59.840
<v Speaker 1>that we can barely begin to fathom. So, um, you

0:16:00.160 --> 0:16:03.320
<v Speaker 1>type four, who knows what that would entail. The big thing, though,

0:16:03.760 --> 0:16:06.680
<v Speaker 1>the thing that we can fat them in theory about

0:16:06.680 --> 0:16:09.600
<v Speaker 1>all this is that each civilization would involve more and

0:16:09.680 --> 0:16:13.560
<v Speaker 1>more energy being used, and therefore we used efficiently and

0:16:13.640 --> 0:16:15.720
<v Speaker 1>used in a large scale app right and being and

0:16:15.840 --> 0:16:19.680
<v Speaker 1>being thrown into a communications system, uh in theory, and

0:16:19.720 --> 0:16:22.320
<v Speaker 1>that that comes back to the whole reason that Kardascheff

0:16:22.360 --> 0:16:24.160
<v Speaker 1>came up with all of this stuff. Like his his

0:16:24.280 --> 0:16:26.960
<v Speaker 1>thinking is that all right, you're scanning radio waves and

0:16:27.000 --> 0:16:30.440
<v Speaker 1>deep space. You know, um, type one civilization would be

0:16:30.600 --> 0:16:34.920
<v Speaker 1>very difficult, very unlikely to detect, but a type to

0:16:35.080 --> 0:16:37.680
<v Speaker 1>civilization will be putting out enough that you'd be able

0:16:37.720 --> 0:16:40.720
<v Speaker 1>to detect it, and type three even more so. So

0:16:41.040 --> 0:16:43.760
<v Speaker 1>it comes down to that, and presumably type four would

0:16:43.760 --> 0:16:47.240
<v Speaker 1>be you know, the even more energy on a scale

0:16:47.280 --> 0:16:50.200
<v Speaker 1>that it would either either you would be able to

0:16:50.240 --> 0:16:53.120
<v Speaker 1>detect it or it would be just everywhere anyway, so

0:16:53.160 --> 0:16:55.000
<v Speaker 1>you wouldn't be able to detect it. Like maybe type four.

0:16:55.760 --> 0:16:57.920
<v Speaker 1>I mean, who can even imagine you know, like maybe

0:16:57.920 --> 0:17:01.520
<v Speaker 1>it's space time itself is a is like a civil

0:17:01.520 --> 0:17:03.840
<v Speaker 1>as a fourth level civilization. I say this is a

0:17:03.840 --> 0:17:06.439
<v Speaker 1>good time to invite listener feedback because I would like

0:17:06.480 --> 0:17:09.480
<v Speaker 1>to hear what you guys imagine to be. And we're

0:17:09.800 --> 0:17:12.000
<v Speaker 1>far from sci fi experts, so let you know, hit

0:17:12.040 --> 0:17:15.119
<v Speaker 1>us with your examples of of type one through three

0:17:15.160 --> 0:17:18.320
<v Speaker 1>in science fiction and and uh, you know, let us

0:17:18.320 --> 0:17:19.959
<v Speaker 1>know what you think, because I mean that's the ultimate

0:17:20.000 --> 0:17:21.879
<v Speaker 1>thing about a lot of this cosmological stuff, is it

0:17:22.000 --> 0:17:25.080
<v Speaker 1>just it's their their their models that we use to

0:17:25.119 --> 0:17:28.720
<v Speaker 1>try and understand the future, uh and and understand the cosmos.

0:17:29.560 --> 0:17:32.320
<v Speaker 1>So they're very thought provoking. So yeah, if you want

0:17:32.320 --> 0:17:34.520
<v Speaker 1>to hear Robert ponder more over what the Earth may

0:17:34.520 --> 0:17:37.359
<v Speaker 1>be like in five hundred years or five thousand years, Hey,

0:17:37.400 --> 0:17:39.840
<v Speaker 1>go to house stuff works dot com. We just published

0:17:39.880 --> 0:17:42.800
<v Speaker 1>articles on both of those topics. Yeah, they're pretty brief,

0:17:42.800 --> 0:17:45.000
<v Speaker 1>but they're they hit the topics pretty hard, I think.

0:17:45.160 --> 0:17:46.679
<v Speaker 1>And Josh just posted on this too, so you can

0:17:46.680 --> 0:17:48.960
<v Speaker 1>always check it out at the blogs too. Yeah. Yeah,

0:17:49.040 --> 0:17:52.840
<v Speaker 1>Josh got a post on I think about human humanity

0:17:52.920 --> 0:17:56.640
<v Speaker 1>smugness when it comes to this particular scale. So yeah,

0:17:56.800 --> 0:17:58.679
<v Speaker 1>check it out. So what's you gotten around there? I

0:17:58.720 --> 0:18:04.960
<v Speaker 1>have some listener email that we received. It was like

0:18:04.960 --> 0:18:07.200
<v Speaker 1>a photo actually that you have in your hand. Oh

0:18:07.200 --> 0:18:08.720
<v Speaker 1>well yeah, well we'll get to that in the next

0:18:09.200 --> 0:18:12.480
<v Speaker 1>next podcast. Um, but no, these two. I got to

0:18:12.640 --> 0:18:17.359
<v Speaker 1>have two emails here from us and listeners in Australia. First,

0:18:17.720 --> 0:18:23.520
<v Speaker 1>we have one from Taylor and Taylor Rights. Hey, guys,

0:18:23.720 --> 0:18:25.320
<v Speaker 1>just thought I would let you know how to say

0:18:25.800 --> 0:18:29.520
<v Speaker 1>good day. You say it like get a. The D

0:18:30.080 --> 0:18:33.280
<v Speaker 1>is short and the ai sound is long on the end,

0:18:33.680 --> 0:18:38.160
<v Speaker 1>so again it's saying, wait, let me get this good

0:18:38.160 --> 0:18:41.320
<v Speaker 1>a instead of good ay. So apparently that's a common

0:18:41.440 --> 0:18:44.640
<v Speaker 1>problem when people try and do Australian accents or even

0:18:44.680 --> 0:18:47.520
<v Speaker 1>just mimic some of the lingo. We also got another

0:18:47.560 --> 0:18:49.480
<v Speaker 1>email from Ustralia that kind of cracked me up. I

0:18:49.520 --> 0:18:51.879
<v Speaker 1>have to say, oh, yes, this one is. This is

0:18:51.880 --> 0:18:56.399
<v Speaker 1>our very first correction upon correction. Yeah, this was a

0:18:56.400 --> 0:18:59.800
<v Speaker 1>listener by the name of Matthew wrote in and said

0:19:00.119 --> 0:19:04.600
<v Speaker 1>I'm correcting a correction. Um. One of your previous listeners

0:19:04.600 --> 0:19:08.440
<v Speaker 1>from Australia obviously doesn't know about the funnel web spider,

0:19:08.520 --> 0:19:11.440
<v Speaker 1>which lives in the Greater Sydney region at least one

0:19:11.440 --> 0:19:13.800
<v Speaker 1>person is bitten each year because they forgot to check

0:19:13.840 --> 0:19:16.880
<v Speaker 1>their shoes and with snakes. The Eastern brown and the

0:19:16.960 --> 0:19:20.480
<v Speaker 1>red belly black are often found in home at home

0:19:20.560 --> 0:19:25.000
<v Speaker 1>in regional centers. So there you go. Because I think

0:19:25.000 --> 0:19:27.639
<v Speaker 1>the whole thing we we did the podcast about the

0:19:27.720 --> 0:19:30.200
<v Speaker 1>venom and we're like, whoa Australia is just like crazy

0:19:30.320 --> 0:19:33.520
<v Speaker 1>venomous and uh and and and then someone wrote it

0:19:33.520 --> 0:19:35.760
<v Speaker 1>animals was like, it's really not that bad as long

0:19:35.760 --> 0:19:37.640
<v Speaker 1>as you're not at out of me. Though she did

0:19:37.640 --> 0:19:40.240
<v Speaker 1>permanently give me the visual of writing a kangaroo and

0:19:40.320 --> 0:19:42.879
<v Speaker 1>to work, which is oh yeah, she said, like she

0:19:42.880 --> 0:19:45.040
<v Speaker 1>wanted to let us know that that everyone doesn't live

0:19:45.080 --> 0:19:48.560
<v Speaker 1>in caves or ripe kangaroos. And though we're making fun,

0:19:48.680 --> 0:19:51.919
<v Speaker 1>I mean I Australia does get a bad rap a

0:19:51.920 --> 0:19:53.679
<v Speaker 1>lot of times because I mean, like any place, there

0:19:53.680 --> 0:19:57.440
<v Speaker 1>are stereotypes. Of course, yeah, yeah, just like I'm obnoxious

0:19:57.480 --> 0:20:02.960
<v Speaker 1>Americans that we are yeah with our guns. But so anyway,

0:20:03.000 --> 0:20:06.200
<v Speaker 1>if you have, if you have any other corrections, hit

0:20:06.280 --> 0:20:08.479
<v Speaker 1>us with them. If you have corrections upon corrections, hit

0:20:08.520 --> 0:20:10.800
<v Speaker 1>us with those. If you have corrections of corrections of

0:20:10.840 --> 0:20:15.200
<v Speaker 1>concrect don't send them to Facebook because they're on Facebook. Yeah,

0:20:15.240 --> 0:20:17.720
<v Speaker 1>and Twitter Lab stuff on Twitter, stuff in the science

0:20:17.760 --> 0:20:19.880
<v Speaker 1>lab on Facebook. All right, guys, that's all we got,

0:20:19.920 --> 0:20:29.159
<v Speaker 1>Thanks for listening. For more on this and thousands of

0:20:29.160 --> 0:20:32.520
<v Speaker 1>other topics, is that how stuff works dot Com. Want

0:20:32.560 --> 0:20:35.199
<v Speaker 1>more how stuff works, check out our blogs on the

0:20:35.200 --> 0:20:43.280
<v Speaker 1>house stuff works dot com home page