1 00:00:07,560 --> 00:00:11,200 Speaker 1: Hey, Daniel, do particle physicists ever make mistakes? Oh yeah, 2 00:00:11,200 --> 00:00:13,840 Speaker 1: all the time. One time I ordered licorice ice cream, 3 00:00:14,320 --> 00:00:18,159 Speaker 1: big mistake. I once had garlic ice cream that was 4 00:00:18,360 --> 00:00:21,120 Speaker 1: That was probably a bigger mistake. Do you know they 5 00:00:21,120 --> 00:00:24,239 Speaker 1: make garlic ice cream? Yeah, they have pretty experimental flavors, 6 00:00:24,239 --> 00:00:26,759 Speaker 1: sometimes with ice creams. What I mean is, have physicists 7 00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:30,800 Speaker 1: ever written papers that, like scientific papers that turn out 8 00:00:30,840 --> 00:00:33,440 Speaker 1: to be wrong? You know, it does happen. The most 9 00:00:33,479 --> 00:00:36,599 Speaker 1: famous example comes from the Maybe the Opera experiment, which 10 00:00:36,640 --> 00:00:40,640 Speaker 1: in two thousand eleven claimed to have measured neutrinos going 11 00:00:40,840 --> 00:00:45,040 Speaker 1: faster than the speed of light. Wow. Turns out they 12 00:00:45,040 --> 00:00:47,159 Speaker 1: just had a cable loose, and when they jiggled it, 13 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:49,280 Speaker 1: all the numbers got back into sink and everything was 14 00:00:49,320 --> 00:00:52,240 Speaker 1: traveling happily less than the speed of light. Oh man, 15 00:00:52,800 --> 00:00:56,760 Speaker 1: particles can't travel faster than light. Probably not. But you know, 16 00:00:57,040 --> 00:00:59,400 Speaker 1: if particles could travel fast in the speed of light, 17 00:00:59,560 --> 00:01:02,640 Speaker 1: physicist are already set up with an awesome name for them. 18 00:01:02,720 --> 00:01:04,600 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, they have a good name for this far 19 00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:08,280 Speaker 1: faster than light particles. They called the garlic kino or 20 00:01:08,319 --> 00:01:15,880 Speaker 1: the liquor on um linker. That's like a terrible pun 21 00:01:16,480 --> 00:01:35,600 Speaker 1: like a not safe for work pun him and I'm 22 00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:38,840 Speaker 1: Daniel and welcome to our podcast Daniel and Jorge Explain 23 00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:42,080 Speaker 1: the Universe, a production of I Heart Radio in which 24 00:01:42,120 --> 00:01:44,920 Speaker 1: we take the universe and explain everything in it to you, 25 00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:48,680 Speaker 1: including things which might not be possible that's right, thanks 26 00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:50,880 Speaker 1: with that are tasteful and nice, and things that are 27 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:55,640 Speaker 1: maybe a little tacky, things which stretch the boundaries of understanding, 28 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:59,120 Speaker 1: things which might even break the laws of physics themselves. 29 00:01:59,360 --> 00:02:00,960 Speaker 1: To be on the pro graam we're going to talk 30 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:10,320 Speaker 1: about take eons. Are they real? What are they? Are 31 00:02:10,320 --> 00:02:14,280 Speaker 1: they really tacky? What are they on? Who taught them 32 00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:19,080 Speaker 1: their sense of style exactly? Um Tacons are a fascinating 33 00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:22,440 Speaker 1: concept because, first of all, theoret from the theoretical physics 34 00:02:22,440 --> 00:02:25,239 Speaker 1: point of view, they're interesting, like the idea for a 35 00:02:25,360 --> 00:02:28,040 Speaker 1: tachion is a particle that travels faster than the speed 36 00:02:28,080 --> 00:02:31,240 Speaker 1: of light, and so that already is like immediately arresting, 37 00:02:31,280 --> 00:02:33,040 Speaker 1: like is it possible? How would that work? What would 38 00:02:33,040 --> 00:02:35,919 Speaker 1: it mean? Right? But they also exist in science fiction. 39 00:02:36,360 --> 00:02:39,440 Speaker 1: So this is a particle that it exists in the 40 00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:42,480 Speaker 1: minds of physicists, but we don't know if it exists 41 00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:45,079 Speaker 1: in the real world. Yeah, exactly, And it's the really 42 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:49,120 Speaker 1: interesting history sort of of the idea. There was a 43 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:52,440 Speaker 1: short story written by somebody in which they had particles 44 00:02:52,480 --> 00:02:54,440 Speaker 1: going faster than the speed of light. So it started 45 00:02:54,440 --> 00:02:57,160 Speaker 1: in science fiction, and then there was a physicist that 46 00:02:57,160 --> 00:03:00,320 Speaker 1: read that story and thought, could you do that? Would 47 00:03:00,360 --> 00:03:02,720 Speaker 1: that be possible? And sat down and sort of worked 48 00:03:02,760 --> 00:03:05,160 Speaker 1: out the mathematics of it, and then gave it a name, 49 00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:08,959 Speaker 1: called it attack eon Um. And then more science fiction 50 00:03:08,960 --> 00:03:11,160 Speaker 1: writers heard about that and thought, oh, well, this must 51 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:13,360 Speaker 1: be a real thing now, And now it's like everywhere 52 00:03:13,360 --> 00:03:16,320 Speaker 1: and science fiction and we heard attack eons everywhere. It's 53 00:03:16,360 --> 00:03:21,320 Speaker 1: like a cosmic bad case of telephone exactly exactly, just 54 00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:23,000 Speaker 1: sort of an idea of bouncing around, and you know 55 00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:25,560 Speaker 1: there must be something really to it. If it's really 56 00:03:25,600 --> 00:03:28,960 Speaker 1: resonating in the minds of physicists and science fiction authors, 57 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:32,040 Speaker 1: you know, it's something tantalizing, something exciting, something people want 58 00:03:32,160 --> 00:03:35,480 Speaker 1: to be true, right, because it it would expand our 59 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:38,480 Speaker 1: kind of what's possible in the universe, right, yeah, Or 60 00:03:38,560 --> 00:03:41,880 Speaker 1: it would expand the plot options available to science fiction authors. Right. 61 00:03:42,120 --> 00:03:43,960 Speaker 1: If you can send particles fast in the speed of 62 00:03:44,040 --> 00:03:46,160 Speaker 1: light and backwards in time and all sorts of stuff. 63 00:03:46,400 --> 00:03:48,480 Speaker 1: Then there's lots of things you can do with your plots. 64 00:03:48,720 --> 00:03:50,720 Speaker 1: That's right. If you follow the laws of physics, all 65 00:03:50,800 --> 00:03:54,920 Speaker 1: science fiction would be pretty boring. Right, that's right. You 66 00:03:54,960 --> 00:03:57,240 Speaker 1: know everything in the first scene. You can predict the 67 00:03:57,240 --> 00:03:59,440 Speaker 1: whole story. Right. Actually, I feel like a lot of 68 00:03:59,440 --> 00:04:01,720 Speaker 1: science fics is like that. You read one chapter, you 69 00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:03,960 Speaker 1: know the whole story. You know the whole story. Yeah. 70 00:04:04,480 --> 00:04:06,640 Speaker 1: Did this writer come up with the name for the 71 00:04:06,680 --> 00:04:10,080 Speaker 1: tacon or was it the physicists who read this story? No, 72 00:04:10,200 --> 00:04:13,720 Speaker 1: it was the physicist. Um. So the story was written 73 00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:17,039 Speaker 1: by a guy named Blish and the story is called Beep. 74 00:04:17,480 --> 00:04:20,520 Speaker 1: Involves like messages from aliens that come in. At the 75 00:04:20,560 --> 00:04:22,760 Speaker 1: end of every message, there's a beep and it turns 76 00:04:22,760 --> 00:04:25,120 Speaker 1: out of the beep and codes like all future messages 77 00:04:25,200 --> 00:04:29,720 Speaker 1: or whatever. Oops, I just spoiled the story for everybody anyway, um, 78 00:04:29,839 --> 00:04:31,720 Speaker 1: because parts of the message traveled fast in the speed 79 00:04:31,760 --> 00:04:33,719 Speaker 1: of light. And so then the physicists read the story 80 00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:37,120 Speaker 1: and came up with it in a n paper of 81 00:04:37,240 --> 00:04:40,360 Speaker 1: this physicist named Gerald Feinberg, and so he coined the name. 82 00:04:40,480 --> 00:04:42,719 Speaker 1: Take on as far as I eroners did. But you 83 00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:45,560 Speaker 1: know now it's everywhere. It's in the pop culture, everywhere 84 00:04:45,560 --> 00:04:48,080 Speaker 1: you turn. Yeah, he should have named after the author 85 00:04:48,920 --> 00:04:53,880 Speaker 1: The Blisson, I think catch on quite as much or 86 00:04:53,920 --> 00:04:56,200 Speaker 1: the Beeps. No, but you know, I read about the 87 00:04:56,279 --> 00:04:59,240 Speaker 1: tacons because they're part of the integral part of the 88 00:04:59,279 --> 00:05:01,560 Speaker 1: plot of one of my favorite comic books and in fact, 89 00:05:01,560 --> 00:05:03,480 Speaker 1: one of the most famous comic books of all time. 90 00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:06,839 Speaker 1: What is Jorge's favorite comic book? I'm dying to know. 91 00:05:08,080 --> 00:05:14,360 Speaker 1: One of my favorites. Is it you can throw banana 92 00:05:14,520 --> 00:05:16,559 Speaker 1: peels from the tips of his fingers and make anybody slip. 93 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:24,560 Speaker 1: It's a liquorice lady, lady. Wow, there's so many not 94 00:05:24,680 --> 00:05:28,280 Speaker 1: safer work jokes that can make about the curse lady. Yeah, 95 00:05:28,279 --> 00:05:33,160 Speaker 1: they'll they'll need to be peeped out. Um exactly. Um, 96 00:05:33,200 --> 00:05:35,520 Speaker 1: So tell me what is your favorite comic book. One 97 00:05:35,560 --> 00:05:38,280 Speaker 1: of my favorite comic books, and that, uh is one 98 00:05:38,320 --> 00:05:40,960 Speaker 1: of the most famous comic books of all time is Watchman? 99 00:05:41,160 --> 00:05:43,919 Speaker 1: Have you seen the comic book or the graphic novel 100 00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:46,240 Speaker 1: or the movie. I have read the graphic novel and 101 00:05:46,320 --> 00:05:49,920 Speaker 1: I have seen all eleven hours of the movie, all 102 00:05:49,960 --> 00:05:56,839 Speaker 1: different versions, all the slow emotion scenes that Zack Snyder added. Yeah, yeah, no, 103 00:05:56,960 --> 00:05:59,960 Speaker 1: I love Mr Tomic who can basically do anything at 104 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:01,720 Speaker 1: the end of the movie, so all plots can just 105 00:06:01,760 --> 00:06:06,560 Speaker 1: be resolved by Mr Atomic if necessary, Mr Dr Manhattan 106 00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:10,520 Speaker 1: with his name document professor at I like your version better, 107 00:06:11,640 --> 00:06:15,600 Speaker 1: Mr Atomic. That sounds that sounds better. Now it's a 108 00:06:15,760 --> 00:06:21,840 Speaker 1: Doctor Manhattan or Mr Manhattan. I think Dr Manhattan And um, yeah, 109 00:06:21,839 --> 00:06:24,760 Speaker 1: so he can see Tacon, so that that's kind of 110 00:06:24,760 --> 00:06:26,760 Speaker 1: how he can and he sort of exists in this 111 00:06:26,920 --> 00:06:33,520 Speaker 1: kind of quantum you know, uncertainty space time kind of mindset, 112 00:06:33,600 --> 00:06:35,480 Speaker 1: so he can see the future, see the past, he 113 00:06:35,520 --> 00:06:37,680 Speaker 1: sees it all sort of at the same time. Um. 114 00:06:37,720 --> 00:06:40,440 Speaker 1: And so that's how the villain in the comic book 115 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:42,760 Speaker 1: I'm not going to spoil it kind of gets around 116 00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:46,320 Speaker 1: is he confuses Dr Manhattan by adding a lot of 117 00:06:46,360 --> 00:06:49,719 Speaker 1: take on interference and so he can't take the future 118 00:06:50,279 --> 00:06:53,880 Speaker 1: and he doesn't know what's going to happen. M Very clever, Yes, 119 00:06:54,279 --> 00:06:57,279 Speaker 1: very clever. Um. You also see taggons a lot in 120 00:06:57,400 --> 00:06:59,839 Speaker 1: Star Trek. I noticed as like take on I pulses, 121 00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:02,920 Speaker 1: tactionic fields and all sorts of stuff. Anytime they need 122 00:07:02,960 --> 00:07:04,719 Speaker 1: to go back in time or send messages back in 123 00:07:04,720 --> 00:07:07,840 Speaker 1: time or whatever they're They're always using tacons, right, They 124 00:07:07,920 --> 00:07:10,119 Speaker 1: just always sort of forget to say that these things 125 00:07:10,280 --> 00:07:13,840 Speaker 1: are not real. Well, you know, they're real in the 126 00:07:13,920 --> 00:07:16,880 Speaker 1: Star Trek universe. I suppose they don't really play with 127 00:07:16,920 --> 00:07:19,200 Speaker 1: all the consequences. You know, if you really did have takions, 128 00:07:19,240 --> 00:07:22,320 Speaker 1: a lot of things would break about modern physics. Um, 129 00:07:22,360 --> 00:07:24,760 Speaker 1: you know, I had a bit of a tachyonic experience today. Actually, 130 00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:27,640 Speaker 1: that just reminds me. I went to file some paperwork 131 00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:30,000 Speaker 1: for my student who just defended his PhD, and he 132 00:07:30,040 --> 00:07:31,960 Speaker 1: wasn't in town, so he couldn't file it himself. So 133 00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:34,000 Speaker 1: I went to this office in the basement and turned 134 00:07:34,040 --> 00:07:36,480 Speaker 1: in these forms, and the woman at the desk must 135 00:07:36,480 --> 00:07:38,920 Speaker 1: have thought that it was my PhD, because when I 136 00:07:38,920 --> 00:07:42,720 Speaker 1: turned the forum, she reached out she said congratulations, as 137 00:07:42,760 --> 00:07:45,360 Speaker 1: if I was getting my PhD. At this moment, I thought, wow, 138 00:07:45,400 --> 00:07:47,280 Speaker 1: all right, maybe I went back in time and now 139 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:50,920 Speaker 1: I looked like I'm twenty seven again. Or maybe she 140 00:07:50,920 --> 00:07:54,000 Speaker 1: wasn't wearing her glasses. That's another It was a pretty 141 00:07:54,080 --> 00:07:57,600 Speaker 1: dark basement, so I can excuse her. It's in the basement, 142 00:07:58,880 --> 00:08:01,400 Speaker 1: it's in the basement, but his thesis was not on 143 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:05,040 Speaker 1: take on. So, but actually we don't know if they're 144 00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:09,120 Speaker 1: real or not, right like we do. It's a theoretical possibility, 145 00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:11,800 Speaker 1: but we have no confirmation. Do we have confirmation that 146 00:08:11,840 --> 00:08:15,520 Speaker 1: they can exist. We do not know that they cannot exist. Right. 147 00:08:15,600 --> 00:08:19,200 Speaker 1: But that's a pretty broad caveat because in general, it's 148 00:08:19,240 --> 00:08:22,200 Speaker 1: really hard to prove the non existence of something. And 149 00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:24,360 Speaker 1: you can always say with an asterisk, like if all 150 00:08:24,480 --> 00:08:26,680 Speaker 1: we know about physics turns out to be wrong or 151 00:08:26,680 --> 00:08:28,640 Speaker 1: a special case of the unit part of the universe 152 00:08:28,680 --> 00:08:32,360 Speaker 1: we're living in, than anything could happen. Right, So in 153 00:08:32,400 --> 00:08:35,280 Speaker 1: general it's pretty hard to say with a very with 154 00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:38,760 Speaker 1: absolute certainty, something cannot exist. But you can say, and 155 00:08:38,760 --> 00:08:41,040 Speaker 1: we'll get into this more more deeply, that would be 156 00:08:41,080 --> 00:08:44,040 Speaker 1: pretty hard to full take eons into our modern understanding 157 00:08:44,040 --> 00:08:47,480 Speaker 1: of physics, right, maybe harder than choking down a whole 158 00:08:47,520 --> 00:08:50,640 Speaker 1: scoop of licorice ice cream more impleasant than you really 159 00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:54,240 Speaker 1: wish you would you could go back in time, you know. 160 00:08:54,320 --> 00:08:57,240 Speaker 1: The The joke is, my wife actually loves licorice ice cream, 161 00:08:57,320 --> 00:08:59,120 Speaker 1: and one time we went to an ice cream place 162 00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:01,000 Speaker 1: and she ordered to scoop to the licorice ice cream 163 00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:03,920 Speaker 1: and I saw her eating her deliciously. She didn't tell 164 00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:06,120 Speaker 1: me what it was, and I tried to take a 165 00:09:06,120 --> 00:09:08,199 Speaker 1: bite out of it, and it literally like jumped out 166 00:09:08,280 --> 00:09:13,760 Speaker 1: of my mouth. It was impulsive. Wow, ejected itself from 167 00:09:13,760 --> 00:09:21,320 Speaker 1: my mouth. That's like your your kryptonite or your taon interference. Yeah, 168 00:09:21,360 --> 00:09:23,400 Speaker 1: it turns out, actually there's lots of things can defeat me. 169 00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:25,680 Speaker 1: But one of them on the long list is a 170 00:09:25,720 --> 00:09:28,960 Speaker 1: licorice ice cream. Yes, one of them upsets your stomach, yeah, 171 00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:35,720 Speaker 1: or my tongue. Well, attacks is. It's kind of a 172 00:09:35,760 --> 00:09:39,319 Speaker 1: cool name. First of all, take eons and but and 173 00:09:39,559 --> 00:09:41,439 Speaker 1: we know that it's in science fiction a lot. It's 174 00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:44,880 Speaker 1: in comic books and science fictions in science fiction. But 175 00:09:44,920 --> 00:09:47,000 Speaker 1: we were wondering how many people out there knew what 176 00:09:47,160 --> 00:09:49,520 Speaker 1: it means and what it refers to it. So I 177 00:09:49,559 --> 00:09:51,360 Speaker 1: went around the U c ir on campus and I 178 00:09:51,360 --> 00:09:54,240 Speaker 1: accosted random students and said, hey, would you answer a 179 00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:57,760 Speaker 1: random zience question? And all of them said yes, And 180 00:09:57,840 --> 00:10:00,480 Speaker 1: so I asked them about take eons and here's what 181 00:10:00,559 --> 00:10:03,240 Speaker 1: they had to say. Have you ever heard of attack on? 182 00:10:03,400 --> 00:10:06,360 Speaker 1: You know what attack on is? What's your best guess 183 00:10:06,520 --> 00:10:10,040 Speaker 1: it's a particle which gets admitted from a backle is 184 00:10:10,040 --> 00:10:15,320 Speaker 1: that it I would assume it has something to do 185 00:10:15,320 --> 00:10:20,440 Speaker 1: with uh space, space, Okay, I have no idea. Okay, 186 00:10:20,880 --> 00:10:23,880 Speaker 1: not yet. I haven't heard of it, Okay. I've also 187 00:10:23,920 --> 00:10:25,840 Speaker 1: heard it in a TV show. I think it's in 188 00:10:25,880 --> 00:10:28,480 Speaker 1: the Flash. I think they talk about that, But I 189 00:10:28,520 --> 00:10:31,400 Speaker 1: don't know what it is. That sounds cool? Sound cool? No, 190 00:10:31,520 --> 00:10:36,600 Speaker 1: I have no idea, okay, oh, no, attack on. I 191 00:10:36,600 --> 00:10:41,000 Speaker 1: don't know what it is, but it sounds like something chemical, 192 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:45,680 Speaker 1: something from Star Trek. That's literally, as far as my 193 00:10:45,760 --> 00:10:48,800 Speaker 1: knowledge goes. I'm not actually sure if it's even real 194 00:10:48,880 --> 00:10:51,040 Speaker 1: or not. It could be entirely from science fiction as 195 00:10:51,040 --> 00:10:55,480 Speaker 1: far as i'm more. Alright, not a single positive answer, 196 00:10:56,080 --> 00:10:58,520 Speaker 1: Not a single positive answer. A lot of people have 197 00:10:58,640 --> 00:11:00,920 Speaker 1: heard of it, right, Some well, I've never heard of it, 198 00:11:00,960 --> 00:11:02,360 Speaker 1: but some people heard of it in the context of 199 00:11:02,400 --> 00:11:05,440 Speaker 1: science fiction or Star Trek or this kind of stuff. Oh, 200 00:11:05,520 --> 00:11:07,400 Speaker 1: in the Flash, right, I think they have it in 201 00:11:07,160 --> 00:11:09,760 Speaker 1: the TV show with the Flash. Yeah, the Flash must 202 00:11:09,800 --> 00:11:11,640 Speaker 1: have it right, because he breaks all sorts of laws 203 00:11:11,640 --> 00:11:15,040 Speaker 1: of physics. It's basically the laws of physics break particle 204 00:11:15,280 --> 00:11:17,440 Speaker 1: right anytime you need to break physics just and start 205 00:11:17,480 --> 00:11:25,680 Speaker 1: some taions. She just called the plot hole on the plot. 206 00:11:27,000 --> 00:11:29,000 Speaker 1: It's like, yeah, it's like filling a pothole, right with 207 00:11:29,080 --> 00:11:32,520 Speaker 1: phil potholes with take eons, filled plot holes with takes. Yeah, 208 00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:36,440 Speaker 1: so it's done. Not not a common name that people 209 00:11:36,480 --> 00:11:38,920 Speaker 1: are familiar with. Um, So let's break it down, Daniel. 210 00:11:39,400 --> 00:11:54,679 Speaker 1: But first let's take a quick break. Let's start with this. 211 00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:59,160 Speaker 1: What is a tacon alright? So takeon is a theoretical particle, right, 212 00:11:59,160 --> 00:12:01,880 Speaker 1: it's an idea. It's idea for a particle that can 213 00:12:01,880 --> 00:12:05,720 Speaker 1: travel faster than the speed of light. Right, And remember, 214 00:12:05,760 --> 00:12:08,640 Speaker 1: in relativity we say nothing can travel faster than the 215 00:12:08,640 --> 00:12:11,280 Speaker 1: speed of light. We say things that have mass can 216 00:12:11,320 --> 00:12:13,480 Speaker 1: travel less than the speed of light. Thing and approach it. 217 00:12:13,760 --> 00:12:16,880 Speaker 1: Things with no mass, like photons, they travel always at 218 00:12:16,920 --> 00:12:19,040 Speaker 1: the speed of light. Right, this, so there's the speed 219 00:12:19,040 --> 00:12:21,640 Speaker 1: limit to the universe, the speed of light in a vacuum. 220 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:25,280 Speaker 1: Tachons are like, what if something could break that? What 221 00:12:25,480 --> 00:12:28,000 Speaker 1: if something could move faster than the speed of light? 222 00:12:28,160 --> 00:12:31,079 Speaker 1: How would that work? And what should we call it? 223 00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:33,520 Speaker 1: So that's what a tachian is. I like, how that's 224 00:12:33,559 --> 00:12:37,000 Speaker 1: the second most important question about it, not how dis 225 00:12:37,040 --> 00:12:40,679 Speaker 1: revolutionize our understanding on our ability to travel the costumers, 226 00:12:40,760 --> 00:12:42,840 Speaker 1: It's like, what are we going to call it? Oh? Yeah, 227 00:12:42,840 --> 00:12:45,000 Speaker 1: there's big fights over the names of stuff, right. You know, 228 00:12:45,480 --> 00:12:47,400 Speaker 1: if you come up with a cool idea, you gotta 229 00:12:47,480 --> 00:12:49,280 Speaker 1: name it so it sticks right and you get the 230 00:12:49,280 --> 00:12:51,360 Speaker 1: credit for it. You know. This is that famous case 231 00:12:51,400 --> 00:12:54,360 Speaker 1: in particle physics where two groups discovered the same particle 232 00:12:54,400 --> 00:12:56,920 Speaker 1: on the same day and gave it different names right 233 00:12:57,040 --> 00:13:00,640 Speaker 1: the same day, the same day. Yeah, there's a whole 234 00:13:00,640 --> 00:13:03,679 Speaker 1: lot of fun whisper stories about how maybe grad students 235 00:13:03,720 --> 00:13:06,319 Speaker 1: in one group tipped off grad students in the other group. Anyway, 236 00:13:06,360 --> 00:13:07,920 Speaker 1: they named it on the same day, and they gave 237 00:13:07,920 --> 00:13:09,800 Speaker 1: it two different names. As so now we call that 238 00:13:09,920 --> 00:13:13,959 Speaker 1: particle the j sside particle. We use both names because 239 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:17,920 Speaker 1: nobody can agree, right, really, people, you guys have fights 240 00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:20,200 Speaker 1: about this, Like I wanted to be called J No, 241 00:13:20,360 --> 00:13:24,679 Speaker 1: I wanted to be called side. Like, well, I think 242 00:13:24,679 --> 00:13:26,439 Speaker 1: it is personal with the guy who called it j. 243 00:13:26,679 --> 00:13:30,360 Speaker 1: He's Chinese, and I think jay Is looks like the 244 00:13:30,440 --> 00:13:33,080 Speaker 1: Chinese character for his name, so I think he's basically 245 00:13:33,160 --> 00:13:35,480 Speaker 1: naming it after himself. But now these are like the 246 00:13:35,559 --> 00:13:37,680 Speaker 1: kids of divorced parents, you know, end up with the long, 247 00:13:37,720 --> 00:13:42,319 Speaker 1: complicated names anyway. Yes, so naming things very important, and 248 00:13:42,360 --> 00:13:44,960 Speaker 1: as you and I have discussed many times in this podcast, 249 00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:48,320 Speaker 1: physicists don't always do a great job of naming things. 250 00:13:48,320 --> 00:13:50,319 Speaker 1: Like sometimes they don't even come up with a new name. 251 00:13:50,320 --> 00:13:53,040 Speaker 1: They're just like, use a word that already exists in 252 00:13:53,080 --> 00:13:56,560 Speaker 1: English that means something else to describe some physics thing, right, Like, 253 00:13:56,600 --> 00:13:59,520 Speaker 1: we have particles that have flavor and color, and like 254 00:13:59,720 --> 00:14:02,800 Speaker 1: part don't have actual flavor and color, so we should 255 00:14:02,800 --> 00:14:05,120 Speaker 1: have come up with different words. So in this case, 256 00:14:05,160 --> 00:14:07,080 Speaker 1: I think it's awesome that they actually came up with 257 00:14:07,120 --> 00:14:10,439 Speaker 1: a new, cool sounding word. Yeah. I think if you 258 00:14:10,559 --> 00:14:12,800 Speaker 1: discover a quark, Daniel, you should call it a new 259 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:22,040 Speaker 1: flavor licorate, the disgusting quirks, the revolting quirks, the vomit quirks. 260 00:14:22,080 --> 00:14:25,120 Speaker 1: It turns out vomit is made a little vomit on particles. Technically, 261 00:14:25,160 --> 00:14:29,640 Speaker 1: that's true, Yeah, if you write it in a physics paper, right, 262 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:33,080 Speaker 1: So um, but it's always fun theoretically to think about, 263 00:14:33,120 --> 00:14:35,680 Speaker 1: like how could this work? What would it mean if 264 00:14:35,720 --> 00:14:38,680 Speaker 1: we took the laws of special relativity and try to 265 00:14:38,800 --> 00:14:41,040 Speaker 1: use them to describe something going faster than the speed 266 00:14:41,040 --> 00:14:43,760 Speaker 1: of light. What would happen? What exactly would break? How 267 00:14:43,840 --> 00:14:46,040 Speaker 1: could we tested? That's sort of the point of attacking. 268 00:14:46,560 --> 00:14:50,520 Speaker 1: So it starts with a hypothesis like what if one 269 00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:53,400 Speaker 1: of these particles could go faster than like, what would 270 00:14:53,400 --> 00:14:56,760 Speaker 1: it look like? Yes, exactly exactly what would it look like? 271 00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:59,080 Speaker 1: How do we see it? Could you like break two 272 00:14:59,120 --> 00:15:02,440 Speaker 1: things at one so that in the end it's not broken, right, Like, 273 00:15:02,800 --> 00:15:05,680 Speaker 1: sometimes you have to break one law of physics and 274 00:15:05,720 --> 00:15:07,720 Speaker 1: that has a consequence somewhere else, and you're like, Okay, 275 00:15:07,760 --> 00:15:09,840 Speaker 1: well maybe I'll just break that one also, and then 276 00:15:09,880 --> 00:15:12,800 Speaker 1: things will be honky dory. Right. So sometimes you can 277 00:15:12,840 --> 00:15:15,240 Speaker 1: make big discoveries by breaking two things at once. Right, 278 00:15:15,280 --> 00:15:18,560 Speaker 1: you can reveal that there were two mistakes to misunderstandings 279 00:15:18,560 --> 00:15:20,120 Speaker 1: we had about the universe. That would be like two 280 00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:24,520 Speaker 1: Nobel Prizes in one afternoon, two wrongs making it right. Yeah, 281 00:15:24,640 --> 00:15:27,440 Speaker 1: And so that's actually sort of happens here. Um. And 282 00:15:27,520 --> 00:15:31,760 Speaker 1: so as you folks listening might know. The interesting idea 283 00:15:31,800 --> 00:15:34,760 Speaker 1: and relativity. One of the core ideas and relativity is 284 00:15:34,800 --> 00:15:37,720 Speaker 1: that you can have infinite amount of energy. There's no 285 00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:40,080 Speaker 1: limit on the energy of particle can have or you 286 00:15:40,120 --> 00:15:43,480 Speaker 1: can keep pouring energy into a particle, but there is 287 00:15:43,520 --> 00:15:46,880 Speaker 1: a limit on speed. Right. So for example the Large 288 00:15:46,880 --> 00:15:50,040 Speaker 1: Hadron Collider, we push particles using little waves, so they 289 00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:52,680 Speaker 1: surf and they get more and more energy, but then 290 00:15:52,680 --> 00:15:55,040 Speaker 1: they approach the speed of light and they never really 291 00:15:55,040 --> 00:15:57,960 Speaker 1: get faster. That doesn't limit us from adding more energy 292 00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:01,920 Speaker 1: to the particles, right, It's kind of like an infinite 293 00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:05,160 Speaker 1: bucket almost, like you can keep pouring energy into it, 294 00:16:05,280 --> 00:16:08,080 Speaker 1: but the speed just won't won't go over the speed 295 00:16:08,080 --> 00:16:10,320 Speaker 1: of light. Yeah, and if you're a visual person, you 296 00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:12,640 Speaker 1: can think of sort of a graph. Right. Our basic 297 00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:15,400 Speaker 1: idea of the relationship between speed and energy is that 298 00:16:15,440 --> 00:16:19,640 Speaker 1: they're they're directly connected. Right. Um, as you go faster, 299 00:16:19,720 --> 00:16:21,800 Speaker 1: you get more energy, and that's true, but then as 300 00:16:21,840 --> 00:16:23,720 Speaker 1: you approach the speed of light, it sort of bends 301 00:16:23,800 --> 00:16:26,920 Speaker 1: over and asymptotically approaches the speed of light. So you 302 00:16:26,920 --> 00:16:29,440 Speaker 1: can keep pouring energy in, but the speed never goes higher. 303 00:16:30,040 --> 00:16:32,560 Speaker 1: And there's this mathematical relationship. You can write it down 304 00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:34,920 Speaker 1: and you can look at it on Wikipedia. Um, you know, 305 00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:39,520 Speaker 1: involves this complicated expression. It's like energy is mass squared 306 00:16:39,640 --> 00:16:42,560 Speaker 1: over the square root of one minus v squared over 307 00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:45,440 Speaker 1: C squared. And that's mathematically how you get that expression. 308 00:16:46,120 --> 00:16:48,120 Speaker 1: The cool thing is you can say, all right, well, 309 00:16:48,120 --> 00:16:51,720 Speaker 1: what happens if you just plug in velocity is twice 310 00:16:51,800 --> 00:16:55,280 Speaker 1: the speed of light? What happens mathematically? What does that mean? Oh? 311 00:16:55,640 --> 00:16:59,240 Speaker 1: I see, like, what have you um cross over that line? 312 00:16:59,240 --> 00:17:02,400 Speaker 1: What have you assume that you filled the bucket and 313 00:17:02,640 --> 00:17:05,720 Speaker 1: went over? Yeah, exactly, And you know it's just playing around. 314 00:17:05,720 --> 00:17:07,600 Speaker 1: This is what theoretical physicist due for fun. They're like, 315 00:17:07,800 --> 00:17:10,920 Speaker 1: let's poke these equations and see what happens. And so 316 00:17:11,119 --> 00:17:13,320 Speaker 1: it does get interesting because on the bottom of the 317 00:17:13,359 --> 00:17:17,320 Speaker 1: equation um it gets the number inside the square root 318 00:17:17,359 --> 00:17:20,440 Speaker 1: goes negative. Right, so you have like the square root 319 00:17:20,480 --> 00:17:23,720 Speaker 1: of a negative number. And you're probably thinking, what you 320 00:17:23,720 --> 00:17:25,520 Speaker 1: can't have the square rod of a negative number, right, 321 00:17:25,560 --> 00:17:28,679 Speaker 1: Like what number when you multiplied by itself, gives you 322 00:17:28,880 --> 00:17:32,280 Speaker 1: negative two? Right, Well, there's no real number. You have 323 00:17:32,320 --> 00:17:36,760 Speaker 1: to go to imaginary numbers, which means that this particle 324 00:17:36,880 --> 00:17:40,560 Speaker 1: is imaginary or it has imaginary mass. Well, it means 325 00:17:40,680 --> 00:17:44,000 Speaker 1: it has imaginary energy, right, because the expression is energy 326 00:17:44,160 --> 00:17:47,359 Speaker 1: is basically mass over this crazy velocity term. If the 327 00:17:47,440 --> 00:17:51,240 Speaker 1: velocity term goes, it goes imaginary. Then the energy goes imaginary, 328 00:17:51,240 --> 00:17:54,000 Speaker 1: and you're like, what what does that mean? So this 329 00:17:54,040 --> 00:17:55,960 Speaker 1: is what I mean by breaking two things. So then 330 00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 1: physicist thought, okay, well what if we make the top 331 00:17:58,560 --> 00:18:01,040 Speaker 1: part of the equation also in imaginary. So we make 332 00:18:01,080 --> 00:18:05,119 Speaker 1: the mass imaginary. Then you have velocity grid in the 333 00:18:05,160 --> 00:18:10,080 Speaker 1: speed of light, imaginary mass, but real energy like actual energy. 334 00:18:10,200 --> 00:18:13,280 Speaker 1: So if you just say that this particle has imaginary mass, 335 00:18:13,359 --> 00:18:15,679 Speaker 1: and let's get into what that means. But if you 336 00:18:15,720 --> 00:18:18,320 Speaker 1: say that it has imaginary mass, then the laws of 337 00:18:18,320 --> 00:18:21,760 Speaker 1: physics technically don't break. If this particle goes faster than 338 00:18:21,840 --> 00:18:24,200 Speaker 1: might well, if I don't know that, the loss of 339 00:18:24,200 --> 00:18:26,280 Speaker 1: physics don't break. We can talk about that a little later. 340 00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:28,399 Speaker 1: It turns out they break other things also. But this 341 00:18:28,520 --> 00:18:31,840 Speaker 1: one equation does hold, right, This equation for the relationship 342 00:18:31,960 --> 00:18:35,720 Speaker 1: essentially between energy and speed does hold. But yeah, it 343 00:18:35,960 --> 00:18:39,040 Speaker 1: requires you to have imaginary mass, and it also means 344 00:18:39,080 --> 00:18:42,800 Speaker 1: for other really weird things. For normal particles, as the 345 00:18:42,880 --> 00:18:46,760 Speaker 1: velocity increases, the energy increases, right Right In this case, 346 00:18:46,760 --> 00:18:49,199 Speaker 1: if you look at the equation, as the speed goes up, 347 00:18:49,280 --> 00:18:53,280 Speaker 1: the energy actually goes to zero. So the faster it goes, 348 00:18:53,680 --> 00:18:57,440 Speaker 1: the less energy it has. That's pretty weird, yeah, because 349 00:18:57,480 --> 00:18:59,760 Speaker 1: everything in nature wants to have low energy. So that 350 00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:02,680 Speaker 1: means this particle will just keep going faster and faster 351 00:19:02,720 --> 00:19:06,000 Speaker 1: and faster to infinity exactly. So as it goes to 352 00:19:06,119 --> 00:19:09,879 Speaker 1: zero energy, it has infinite speed. Like what does that 353 00:19:09,920 --> 00:19:12,239 Speaker 1: even mean? You know, now you have a particle like 354 00:19:12,359 --> 00:19:16,600 Speaker 1: infinite speed and imaginary mass but no energy. Right, it's 355 00:19:16,680 --> 00:19:21,480 Speaker 1: pretty weird thing. But technically maybe could exist. Technically maybe 356 00:19:21,520 --> 00:19:24,040 Speaker 1: could exist. Right, There's some causality issues we'll talk about 357 00:19:24,040 --> 00:19:26,040 Speaker 1: a little later, but that's sort of the concept. Like, 358 00:19:26,080 --> 00:19:28,680 Speaker 1: that's the idea of attacking on and it's a fun 359 00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:32,320 Speaker 1: thing to play with theoretically, And you know this, before 360 00:19:32,320 --> 00:19:34,520 Speaker 1: you think this is a waste of time, remember this 361 00:19:34,600 --> 00:19:37,280 Speaker 1: is how progress is made. You know. This is how, 362 00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:40,280 Speaker 1: for example, antiparticles were discovered. People were looking at the 363 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:43,320 Speaker 1: equations and they were like, what if you flip the 364 00:19:43,359 --> 00:19:45,280 Speaker 1: sign of this and flip the sign of that. Look 365 00:19:45,400 --> 00:19:49,520 Speaker 1: looks like this equation would also hold for opposite charge particles. 366 00:19:49,600 --> 00:19:52,240 Speaker 1: I wonder if they exist. Let's go look, and they 367 00:19:52,240 --> 00:19:55,600 Speaker 1: did exist and they do exist. Yeah, this is a 368 00:19:55,720 --> 00:19:58,639 Speaker 1: rich source of searching around for the corners of the 369 00:19:58,680 --> 00:20:02,040 Speaker 1: equations and seeing they describe some actual physics that might 370 00:20:02,080 --> 00:20:04,800 Speaker 1: be real that we just hadn't imagined, because there's a 371 00:20:04,800 --> 00:20:06,840 Speaker 1: lot of crazy stuff out there in the universe that 372 00:20:06,880 --> 00:20:09,600 Speaker 1: we haven't conceived of. Well, it's kind of a philosophical 373 00:20:09,640 --> 00:20:12,160 Speaker 1: thing because it's it's you sort of saying that anything 374 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:17,800 Speaker 1: that can exist mathematically so far we think has existed, 375 00:20:17,920 --> 00:20:21,080 Speaker 1: right Like, if the equations say that this is possible 376 00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:24,359 Speaker 1: and doesn't break everything else, then you keep searching, you 377 00:20:24,440 --> 00:20:27,760 Speaker 1: sort of so far you sort of you found it. Yeah, 378 00:20:27,840 --> 00:20:31,320 Speaker 1: it's a subtle point, right. Sometimes we have mathematical descriptions 379 00:20:31,359 --> 00:20:33,879 Speaker 1: of things and then we look at the mathematics, were like, 380 00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:36,840 Speaker 1: well the math says that, but physics says no. Right, Like, 381 00:20:37,280 --> 00:20:39,800 Speaker 1: sometimes a mathematical equation will have two solutions and one 382 00:20:39,800 --> 00:20:41,520 Speaker 1: of them will be nonsense, and you say, well, that's 383 00:20:41,520 --> 00:20:43,879 Speaker 1: not physical, so we'll ignore it. But yeah, then you 384 00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:47,480 Speaker 1: have to wonder is it really is that? Are we 385 00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:50,280 Speaker 1: doing science there? Are we just sort of like enforcing 386 00:20:50,440 --> 00:20:54,560 Speaker 1: our um prejudices, right? Should we be more open minded 387 00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:57,680 Speaker 1: and explore all the possibilities of the math? And sometimes 388 00:20:57,680 --> 00:20:59,800 Speaker 1: the math is all we have, like, look at quantum mechanics. 389 00:21:00,080 --> 00:21:02,000 Speaker 1: You can't even apply your intuition. You just have to 390 00:21:02,040 --> 00:21:05,280 Speaker 1: blindly follow the math and say, well, quantum mechanics says 391 00:21:05,480 --> 00:21:07,639 Speaker 1: a particle can appear on one side of the barrier 392 00:21:07,680 --> 00:21:09,240 Speaker 1: and then appear on the other side of the barrier 393 00:21:09,320 --> 00:21:11,600 Speaker 1: without passing through it. So and then we do the 394 00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:14,679 Speaker 1: experiments and it happens, right, So sometimes you just have 395 00:21:14,760 --> 00:21:17,240 Speaker 1: to follow the math. Yeah, you're saying, sometimes you have 396 00:21:17,359 --> 00:21:19,119 Speaker 1: to be kind of open minded and say, hey, what 397 00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:22,600 Speaker 1: if mass could be imaginary and let's see what happens. Then, Yes, 398 00:21:22,760 --> 00:21:25,840 Speaker 1: that's exactly that's the whole point, right, That's why you 399 00:21:25,880 --> 00:21:28,760 Speaker 1: poke these equations, because it could just be our prejudice. 400 00:21:28,800 --> 00:21:30,359 Speaker 1: It could be that the way we're thinking about the 401 00:21:30,440 --> 00:21:32,919 Speaker 1: universe is determined by the way we have experienced it, 402 00:21:32,960 --> 00:21:36,280 Speaker 1: which is, we know, not typical and not fundamental. Right, 403 00:21:36,359 --> 00:21:39,280 Speaker 1: So we don't want to be um have our eyes 404 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:41,359 Speaker 1: closed because of the biases and the way we have 405 00:21:41,440 --> 00:21:43,280 Speaker 1: lived and grown up, right, So we want to keep 406 00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:45,159 Speaker 1: our eyes open, and sometimes the math is a very 407 00:21:45,160 --> 00:21:48,040 Speaker 1: helpful guide. We'll have a great money making scheme for you, Daniel. 408 00:21:48,160 --> 00:21:53,840 Speaker 1: It's called the takeon diet makes your math imaginary. Gee, 409 00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:56,160 Speaker 1: I imagined you were fat, but I guess that was wrong. 410 00:21:57,160 --> 00:22:01,080 Speaker 1: You just had the wrong perspective in physics. Yeah, well, 411 00:22:01,400 --> 00:22:03,440 Speaker 1: what what's the diet? Run fast in the speed of 412 00:22:03,520 --> 00:22:06,760 Speaker 1: light and you'll lose weight. I think it's it's go 413 00:22:06,840 --> 00:22:09,360 Speaker 1: back in time and stop yourself from eating all that 414 00:22:09,400 --> 00:22:14,000 Speaker 1: liquors ice cream? Is you know, we're recording this podcast 415 00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:15,880 Speaker 1: on pie day, so we should have done all these 416 00:22:15,880 --> 00:22:20,560 Speaker 1: examples with pie instead of ice cream. Liquor liquorice pie. 417 00:22:20,640 --> 00:22:22,960 Speaker 1: That sounds even more gross than the gurors ice cream, 418 00:22:22,960 --> 00:22:24,960 Speaker 1: if that's even possible. Here, let's go back in time 419 00:22:25,040 --> 00:22:30,560 Speaker 1: using tacons and start over and replace search and replace 420 00:22:30,640 --> 00:22:33,160 Speaker 1: ice cream with pie. But hey, pie and ice cream 421 00:22:33,200 --> 00:22:35,159 Speaker 1: go well together, So we'll start with ice cream and 422 00:22:35,160 --> 00:22:37,160 Speaker 1: we'll switch over to pie and then the episode will 423 00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:43,239 Speaker 1: be like ala mode. Yeah, they go well together. So um, 424 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:46,120 Speaker 1: so let's get into what they actually might look like. 425 00:22:46,320 --> 00:23:02,119 Speaker 1: But first let's take a quick break, all right, Daniel. 426 00:23:02,160 --> 00:23:05,280 Speaker 1: So that's attack on. It's a theoretical particle with imaginary 427 00:23:05,320 --> 00:23:08,200 Speaker 1: mass that can go faster on the speed of light. 428 00:23:09,240 --> 00:23:11,120 Speaker 1: So what what does that even look like? What would 429 00:23:11,119 --> 00:23:14,480 Speaker 1: the attack on look like, what could we interact with it? Yeah, 430 00:23:14,520 --> 00:23:16,400 Speaker 1: here's where it gets really fun is you start to think, 431 00:23:16,640 --> 00:23:19,199 Speaker 1: how could we see take eons? What experiments could you 432 00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:23,280 Speaker 1: build to detect them? Right? And um, we think take eons. 433 00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:26,200 Speaker 1: You know they have mass though it's imaginary, um, and 434 00:23:26,440 --> 00:23:28,320 Speaker 1: we think we could interact with them. We don't know 435 00:23:28,359 --> 00:23:30,840 Speaker 1: what kind of interactions they might have, but imagine that 436 00:23:30,880 --> 00:23:33,480 Speaker 1: they're visible, right, that they interact with light, then you 437 00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:35,719 Speaker 1: can think about like doing an experiment to look at 438 00:23:35,720 --> 00:23:39,719 Speaker 1: a tack eon. This already gets really tricky because the 439 00:23:39,800 --> 00:23:43,680 Speaker 1: tagions are moving faster than the light they might be emitting. 440 00:23:44,280 --> 00:23:46,240 Speaker 1: So you know how like an airplane moving through the 441 00:23:46,280 --> 00:23:48,840 Speaker 1: air creates a sonic boom because it's moving faster than 442 00:23:48,880 --> 00:23:51,800 Speaker 1: the sound it makes right, Right, That means that you 443 00:23:51,880 --> 00:23:54,960 Speaker 1: can't hear the airplane coming. Right, one of those airplanes 444 00:23:55,040 --> 00:23:57,399 Speaker 1: is coming at you, then you're not gonna hear it 445 00:23:57,480 --> 00:24:00,520 Speaker 1: coming because the sound it's making is trailing behind it, 446 00:24:02,359 --> 00:24:06,160 Speaker 1: so you it would just magically appear to you. Yeah. 447 00:24:06,160 --> 00:24:08,199 Speaker 1: So it's the same thing for attacking on. Right, If 448 00:24:08,200 --> 00:24:10,919 Speaker 1: attack on is moving and it's moving faster than the 449 00:24:10,920 --> 00:24:13,280 Speaker 1: speed of light and it's coming right at you, you 450 00:24:13,320 --> 00:24:16,200 Speaker 1: wouldn't see it until it's on top of you, right, 451 00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:18,879 Speaker 1: it would It would just appear to you. That's just 452 00:24:18,960 --> 00:24:23,720 Speaker 1: bad manners. I mean, that's just tacky. You know, it's 453 00:24:23,760 --> 00:24:26,080 Speaker 1: tacky and it's on you. That must have been how 454 00:24:26,200 --> 00:24:31,800 Speaker 1: they got the name attacking and I spilled my liquorice 455 00:24:31,840 --> 00:24:34,080 Speaker 1: pie all over my suit. Let's just show up at 456 00:24:34,119 --> 00:24:35,920 Speaker 1: this guy's house and be like, is this why you 457 00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:39,080 Speaker 1: came up with the name have some Pie? Yeah? In fact, 458 00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:41,240 Speaker 1: in fact, you would see the tacky on But even 459 00:24:41,359 --> 00:24:44,239 Speaker 1: weirder than it just appearing all of a sudden, is 460 00:24:44,480 --> 00:24:48,639 Speaker 1: it would look like it's going away from you. What. Yeah, 461 00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:51,400 Speaker 1: when you see something moving away from you, what you're 462 00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:53,679 Speaker 1: really seeing are a bunch of time slices. Right, you 463 00:24:53,720 --> 00:24:56,520 Speaker 1: see it's closer to you. Now, it's a little further 464 00:24:56,560 --> 00:24:59,000 Speaker 1: away from you. A moment later, it's a little further 465 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:01,879 Speaker 1: away from you a moment after a Right, that's the 466 00:25:02,080 --> 00:25:05,800 Speaker 1: order of arrival of images from tachyons. You would first 467 00:25:05,800 --> 00:25:09,040 Speaker 1: see the photons that are that it admitted when it 468 00:25:09,119 --> 00:25:11,840 Speaker 1: was close to you, before you saw the photons that 469 00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:14,800 Speaker 1: it admitted when it was far from you. Exactly exactly so, 470 00:25:14,840 --> 00:25:16,800 Speaker 1: if you play that movie. Your brains gonna be like, oh, 471 00:25:16,840 --> 00:25:20,679 Speaker 1: there's attacking on moving away from you, right, So attacking on. 472 00:25:20,760 --> 00:25:22,520 Speaker 1: If you see attacking on moving away from you, it 473 00:25:22,560 --> 00:25:26,000 Speaker 1: means you just got hit by attacking on. But you 474 00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:30,040 Speaker 1: would see it, so you would see it. You you 475 00:25:30,040 --> 00:25:34,520 Speaker 1: almost see it moving backwards and in time, right, like, yeah, exactly, 476 00:25:34,560 --> 00:25:38,360 Speaker 1: you see it moving the reverse direction. It's actually going mm. 477 00:25:38,440 --> 00:25:40,919 Speaker 1: So that's weird. That's pretty weird, right. It's weird for 478 00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:43,520 Speaker 1: particles to look like they're going different speeds if they're 479 00:25:43,560 --> 00:25:45,480 Speaker 1: coming towards you or going away from you. Right. We're 480 00:25:45,520 --> 00:25:48,000 Speaker 1: just not used to that, and that's because of this 481 00:25:48,160 --> 00:25:51,919 Speaker 1: weird feature that they travel faster than the information that 482 00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:54,280 Speaker 1: they're sending. Right. Well, that that's kind of one of 483 00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:57,439 Speaker 1: the reasons why physicists don't think you can even go 484 00:25:57,560 --> 00:25:59,919 Speaker 1: faster than the speed flight because it would just be 485 00:26:00,119 --> 00:26:02,520 Speaker 1: so weird. Yeah, exactly, would break a lot of rules. 486 00:26:02,560 --> 00:26:05,359 Speaker 1: But you know, sometimes things are weird, and being weird 487 00:26:05,440 --> 00:26:08,320 Speaker 1: doesn't necessarily mean that they're wrong, you know. I think 488 00:26:08,320 --> 00:26:10,320 Speaker 1: one of the really fascinating things is this question of 489 00:26:10,359 --> 00:26:14,040 Speaker 1: imaginary mass that we mentioned earlier, Like, I'm still what 490 00:26:14,080 --> 00:26:16,399 Speaker 1: does that mean? Well, what does it mean, right, And 491 00:26:16,440 --> 00:26:17,959 Speaker 1: you have to think for a moment about what we 492 00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:21,000 Speaker 1: mean by a particle's mass. When we say, you know, 493 00:26:21,040 --> 00:26:23,719 Speaker 1: electron has a certain mass, what we mean is that 494 00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:27,040 Speaker 1: the particles is stable, like exists, it could hang out 495 00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:29,800 Speaker 1: for a little while. And um, we just did that 496 00:26:29,840 --> 00:26:32,679 Speaker 1: episode about what particles are and turns out particles are 497 00:26:32,720 --> 00:26:34,920 Speaker 1: not like the building block of the universe at all. 498 00:26:35,400 --> 00:26:39,280 Speaker 1: They're just excited states of quantum fields. Right, So what 499 00:26:39,440 --> 00:26:41,919 Speaker 1: is a particle of of a certain mass. It's a 500 00:26:41,960 --> 00:26:45,440 Speaker 1: stable excitation of a quantum field, meaning there's this weird 501 00:26:45,560 --> 00:26:48,199 Speaker 1: jelly out there that knows how to wiggle, and it 502 00:26:48,240 --> 00:26:50,879 Speaker 1: can wiggle in a certain way that sticks around for 503 00:26:50,880 --> 00:26:53,440 Speaker 1: a while. Mass is kind of a marker of how 504 00:26:53,480 --> 00:26:56,919 Speaker 1: stable the wiggles are. Yeah, exactly. So if you talk 505 00:26:56,960 --> 00:27:00,560 Speaker 1: about a particle with imaginary mass, you're talking about strange 506 00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:03,960 Speaker 1: wiggles going through this these quantum fields. Right, These jellies 507 00:27:04,440 --> 00:27:06,359 Speaker 1: um wiggling in a weird way and not in a 508 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:09,399 Speaker 1: way that's stable. Right. Imaginary mass does not mean it's 509 00:27:09,440 --> 00:27:12,280 Speaker 1: a stable particle. It means it's something else. And you're 510 00:27:12,280 --> 00:27:14,199 Speaker 1: trying to describe it in terms of a particle and 511 00:27:14,200 --> 00:27:16,320 Speaker 1: so you get a weird answer. You know. It's like 512 00:27:17,240 --> 00:27:19,600 Speaker 1: it's like if you use the language of one thing 513 00:27:19,640 --> 00:27:22,719 Speaker 1: to try to describe something else, it doesn't really make sense, 514 00:27:22,920 --> 00:27:25,800 Speaker 1: you know. So it's almost like we can we have 515 00:27:25,880 --> 00:27:28,520 Speaker 1: to stop using the word particle and just say wiggles 516 00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:31,760 Speaker 1: in a quantum field. And if you just stop calling 517 00:27:31,760 --> 00:27:34,359 Speaker 1: it a particle and just call everything wiggles in a 518 00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:37,000 Speaker 1: quantum field, then you could technically have a wiggle that 519 00:27:37,040 --> 00:27:40,800 Speaker 1: has imaginary mass. Yeah, exactly right, And it breaks your 520 00:27:40,800 --> 00:27:42,719 Speaker 1: idea of what a particle is. But anyway, what's your 521 00:27:42,720 --> 00:27:45,040 Speaker 1: idea of a particle is. It's probably wrong anyway, so 522 00:27:45,480 --> 00:27:47,760 Speaker 1: feel free to break it all, smash it all the heck, 523 00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:54,360 Speaker 1: you know, just using the word particle. Yeah, well, it's true. 524 00:27:54,400 --> 00:27:57,520 Speaker 1: You know, particles are not fundamental, right, They are an 525 00:27:57,520 --> 00:28:01,480 Speaker 1: emergent phenomena. They come from how wantum fields wiggle? And 526 00:28:01,800 --> 00:28:04,400 Speaker 1: we don't know quantum fields are fundamental either or there's 527 00:28:04,400 --> 00:28:06,879 Speaker 1: something else that makes them. But we do know the 528 00:28:06,920 --> 00:28:09,240 Speaker 1: particles themselves are not fundamental because you know, they can 529 00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:12,359 Speaker 1: be created and disappear. So tachons are like a weird 530 00:28:12,440 --> 00:28:15,199 Speaker 1: different way for quantum fields to wiggle and that's what 531 00:28:15,240 --> 00:28:17,919 Speaker 1: imaginary mass is. It's this. It's a sort of a 532 00:28:17,920 --> 00:28:21,959 Speaker 1: breakdown of trying to describe quantum fields in terms of particles. Right, 533 00:28:22,359 --> 00:28:24,360 Speaker 1: it's saying you should look at this in a different way. 534 00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:28,280 Speaker 1: But but it could technically exist, like what these fields 535 00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:31,280 Speaker 1: could wiggle in that way? I don't think so. And 536 00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:33,919 Speaker 1: and the reason is that if you had take eons, 537 00:28:34,400 --> 00:28:38,680 Speaker 1: then these fields could wiggle in a way that breaks causality. Right, 538 00:28:38,760 --> 00:28:41,000 Speaker 1: And so this is physics, right. The math says, it's fine. 539 00:28:41,040 --> 00:28:43,320 Speaker 1: The maths is, there's no problem with it. You can 540 00:28:43,360 --> 00:28:46,440 Speaker 1: incorporate this into special relativity. You get these weird things 541 00:28:46,480 --> 00:28:49,920 Speaker 1: like zero energy and infinite speed. But you know, the 542 00:28:49,920 --> 00:28:53,320 Speaker 1: math is happy with it. Physics says no. Physics says, 543 00:28:53,360 --> 00:28:55,959 Speaker 1: but we have these other rules, these other rules, like 544 00:28:56,640 --> 00:29:00,920 Speaker 1: causes happen before effects. You know, messages have to arrive 545 00:29:00,960 --> 00:29:04,440 Speaker 1: after their scent, not before. Right. You have to be 546 00:29:04,520 --> 00:29:07,560 Speaker 1: born after your grandfather, not before this kind of stuff. 547 00:29:07,920 --> 00:29:10,680 Speaker 1: We impose these requirements on the universe and on the 548 00:29:10,760 --> 00:29:14,720 Speaker 1: laws of physics separately. Right, But why why does the 549 00:29:14,840 --> 00:29:18,000 Speaker 1: universe have to follow causality? Couldn't we, like you said, 550 00:29:18,080 --> 00:29:22,200 Speaker 1: be open minded and imagine a universe that is not causal. Yeah, 551 00:29:22,240 --> 00:29:24,360 Speaker 1: I suppose we could, but it's sort of hard to 552 00:29:24,720 --> 00:29:28,960 Speaker 1: logically argue for a non causal universe because logic imply 553 00:29:29,200 --> 00:29:32,320 Speaker 1: requires causality. Right, Well, I feel like you're saying logic 554 00:29:32,360 --> 00:29:35,080 Speaker 1: requires logic, but what if yes, maybe the universe is 555 00:29:35,120 --> 00:29:38,120 Speaker 1: not logical. Yeah, so you're saying, like, could we describe 556 00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:40,160 Speaker 1: could we have laws of physics to describe a universe 557 00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:42,520 Speaker 1: that doesn't have laws? But I don't know how to 558 00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:46,040 Speaker 1: do that. It's so fundamental to the way we think. 559 00:29:46,040 --> 00:29:49,040 Speaker 1: It's fundamental to the way humanity thinks, not even just 560 00:29:49,120 --> 00:29:52,080 Speaker 1: about physics. You know, I think that we are storytellers. 561 00:29:52,400 --> 00:29:55,000 Speaker 1: We weave all of our experiences into stories, and that's 562 00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:57,680 Speaker 1: how we remember things and forget things and communicate to 563 00:29:57,720 --> 00:30:00,440 Speaker 1: each other. That's how we build models of the world 564 00:30:00,560 --> 00:30:04,480 Speaker 1: that are that's outside our head. And stories are causal 565 00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:06,640 Speaker 1: right there, and they're a narrative that I did this, 566 00:30:06,680 --> 00:30:09,600 Speaker 1: and then this happened. I shot this laser beam and 567 00:30:09,640 --> 00:30:12,440 Speaker 1: then you know, uh this the wall burned down or whatever, right, 568 00:30:12,520 --> 00:30:14,520 Speaker 1: the korish ice cream, and then I threw up right 569 00:30:14,600 --> 00:30:16,720 Speaker 1: this cause and effect. So you can write stories, I 570 00:30:16,760 --> 00:30:19,440 Speaker 1: mean science fiction you can write stories that that have 571 00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:20,840 Speaker 1: tagowns in them. Do you know what I mean? Like, 572 00:30:20,880 --> 00:30:24,560 Speaker 1: you can if you can imagine it, story breaks the story. Right, 573 00:30:25,560 --> 00:30:27,560 Speaker 1: it's a huge plot hole. That's why I hate time 574 00:30:27,600 --> 00:30:30,760 Speaker 1: travel in science fiction because it breaks causality. Right, it 575 00:30:30,760 --> 00:30:39,520 Speaker 1: doesn't make any sense. Okay, well let's break it that. 576 00:30:39,600 --> 00:30:42,040 Speaker 1: What does it mean? Like, if this particle existed and 577 00:30:42,080 --> 00:30:43,720 Speaker 1: it can go faster than light, what are some of 578 00:30:43,720 --> 00:30:45,880 Speaker 1: the things cool things you could do with it? Right? So, 579 00:30:46,320 --> 00:30:49,320 Speaker 1: in special relativity, if you have something that goes faster 580 00:30:49,400 --> 00:30:52,160 Speaker 1: than light, what it means is you can break causality. 581 00:30:52,200 --> 00:30:55,000 Speaker 1: You can kind of go backwards in time. Now, Remember 582 00:30:55,080 --> 00:30:57,960 Speaker 1: we talked about special relatively down another episode, and something 583 00:30:57,960 --> 00:31:01,760 Speaker 1: we talked about is how there's no universal description of 584 00:31:01,800 --> 00:31:05,160 Speaker 1: how things happen. Right If um, for example, if I 585 00:31:05,360 --> 00:31:08,760 Speaker 1: shoot UM two laser beams, one to the left and 586 00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:11,360 Speaker 1: one to the right, and I'm just looking at both, 587 00:31:11,400 --> 00:31:13,760 Speaker 1: I can say, okay, they two laser beams hit the 588 00:31:13,800 --> 00:31:16,160 Speaker 1: targets at the same time because the target is the 589 00:31:16,200 --> 00:31:20,360 Speaker 1: same distance away. Somebody else with a different speed might 590 00:31:20,440 --> 00:31:22,720 Speaker 1: see those events happening at different times. They might say, 591 00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:26,520 Speaker 1: oh uh, laser beam one hit before laser beam two, 592 00:31:26,840 --> 00:31:29,440 Speaker 1: and somebody else that a dafferent speed might see laser 593 00:31:29,440 --> 00:31:33,080 Speaker 1: beam two happened before laser beam one. Right, So if 594 00:31:33,120 --> 00:31:36,040 Speaker 1: you can change so you can change the order in 595 00:31:36,080 --> 00:31:38,560 Speaker 1: which you see things happening based on your speed. That 596 00:31:38,680 --> 00:31:43,960 Speaker 1: just tells you there's no absolute truth to the universe, right, right, Okay, 597 00:31:44,120 --> 00:31:46,120 Speaker 1: but those things are not causally linked. Right, It doesn't 598 00:31:46,120 --> 00:31:48,680 Speaker 1: really matter if if laser beam one hits or laser 599 00:31:48,720 --> 00:31:50,800 Speaker 1: beam two hits. But what if you just had the 600 00:31:50,840 --> 00:31:54,040 Speaker 1: one laser beam and you press the button? Right? Can 601 00:31:54,120 --> 00:31:58,440 Speaker 1: the laser beam arrive before it leaves? Right? Can laserbeam 602 00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:01,080 Speaker 1: hit the target before you prey the button? Those two 603 00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:04,400 Speaker 1: things are costly linked, right, It seems impossible for it 604 00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:06,600 Speaker 1: to get there before you press the button. Well, it's 605 00:32:06,680 --> 00:32:09,040 Speaker 1: constantly linked. If you go backwards in time, do you 606 00:32:09,040 --> 00:32:11,200 Speaker 1: know what I mean? Like it arrived because in the 607 00:32:11,240 --> 00:32:13,280 Speaker 1: future I'm going to press the button. Yeah, But what 608 00:32:13,320 --> 00:32:15,000 Speaker 1: if it arrives and then you change your mind, You're like, 609 00:32:15,040 --> 00:32:16,760 Speaker 1: you know what, I'm not going to hit that laser 610 00:32:16,800 --> 00:32:19,560 Speaker 1: beam button right now, but it's already arrived. But if 611 00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:21,479 Speaker 1: you change your mind, that means you didn't see it 612 00:32:21,600 --> 00:32:24,640 Speaker 1: do it. I feel like this is a like. You 613 00:32:24,680 --> 00:32:27,280 Speaker 1: can pick it a different movie to go with your theory. 614 00:32:27,640 --> 00:32:34,960 Speaker 1: There's the movies that they're not alright, find graphic novels. 615 00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:38,520 Speaker 1: That's really no like. Seriously, the laser beam arrives and 616 00:32:38,560 --> 00:32:41,240 Speaker 1: if later you still have a choice to make about 617 00:32:41,240 --> 00:32:43,960 Speaker 1: whether to press that button, then you could choose not 618 00:32:44,120 --> 00:32:46,480 Speaker 1: to fire the laser beam right and then, But the 619 00:32:46,520 --> 00:32:49,760 Speaker 1: laser beams already arrived, So how does that work? Anyway? 620 00:32:49,800 --> 00:32:52,880 Speaker 1: The point is multiverse. Point is the relativity covers that. 621 00:32:53,280 --> 00:32:56,520 Speaker 1: Relativity says that for events that are not causantly linked, 622 00:32:56,720 --> 00:32:59,520 Speaker 1: or one could happen before the other, you can travel 623 00:32:59,600 --> 00:33:02,000 Speaker 1: fast enough if you want that you could see either 624 00:33:02,040 --> 00:33:05,600 Speaker 1: one happen first. But for things that are causally connected, 625 00:33:05,640 --> 00:33:08,240 Speaker 1: where one has to happen before the other, like pressing 626 00:33:08,280 --> 00:33:10,360 Speaker 1: a button on your laser and then hitting the target, 627 00:33:10,720 --> 00:33:14,000 Speaker 1: there's no speed you can go to see the laser 628 00:33:14,120 --> 00:33:17,000 Speaker 1: arrive before you press the button. To do that, you 629 00:33:17,040 --> 00:33:19,280 Speaker 1: would have to go faster than the speed of light 630 00:33:19,320 --> 00:33:22,720 Speaker 1: to reverse the order of events, and relativity says you can't. 631 00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:27,560 Speaker 1: But what if there wasn't the speed limit? Right? What 632 00:33:27,720 --> 00:33:30,720 Speaker 1: if you could shoot particles fasten the speed of light. Well, 633 00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:34,640 Speaker 1: then you could go fast enough so that messages could 634 00:33:34,680 --> 00:33:37,560 Speaker 1: arrive before their scent. Right, laser beams could hit the 635 00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:40,000 Speaker 1: targets before you press the button if you go fast 636 00:33:40,040 --> 00:33:42,719 Speaker 1: in the speed of light, so it breaks causality if 637 00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:44,760 Speaker 1: the light goes faster than the speed of light, or 638 00:33:44,800 --> 00:33:46,920 Speaker 1: if you send a message video TA, if you send 639 00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:51,120 Speaker 1: a message via taions, Yeah, exactly, Okay, so take eons. 640 00:33:51,200 --> 00:33:53,280 Speaker 1: If they can travel fasten the speed of light can 641 00:33:53,320 --> 00:33:56,760 Speaker 1: sort of reverse the events, reverse orders of events, so 642 00:33:56,800 --> 00:34:00,840 Speaker 1: that effects happen before causes, right, which is pretty which 643 00:34:00,880 --> 00:34:03,600 Speaker 1: is pretty cool. It would be pretty cool. Sure. Yeah, 644 00:34:03,680 --> 00:34:05,840 Speaker 1: you know, like, hey, I already ate that pie. Now 645 00:34:05,840 --> 00:34:07,520 Speaker 1: I'd like to go back in time and decided not 646 00:34:07,560 --> 00:34:12,319 Speaker 1: to eat that pie. Then you could have eaten the 647 00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:15,480 Speaker 1: pie and have decided not to eat the pie, and yeah, 648 00:34:15,480 --> 00:34:18,160 Speaker 1: it would break the universe, but at least it wouldn't 649 00:34:18,160 --> 00:34:20,000 Speaker 1: gain those five pounds that would That would be kind 650 00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:21,880 Speaker 1: of tacky though, if you did that at a restaurant, 651 00:34:22,920 --> 00:34:25,719 Speaker 1: not if it's liquorice pie, then I totally endorsed just 652 00:34:25,920 --> 00:34:28,680 Speaker 1: breaking the universe to avoid eating it. So it's almost 653 00:34:28,680 --> 00:34:31,919 Speaker 1: like an anti telephone like it. It sends you sends 654 00:34:31,960 --> 00:34:35,160 Speaker 1: your message before you even think about sending the message. Yes, exactly, 655 00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:39,040 Speaker 1: And that's what it's called. It's called a tachonic anti telephone. Exactly. 656 00:34:39,080 --> 00:34:41,840 Speaker 1: If you had tacons, you could use them to build 657 00:34:41,840 --> 00:34:45,080 Speaker 1: a telephone that sent messages back in time exactly that way. 658 00:34:45,880 --> 00:34:47,880 Speaker 1: That's what I should tell my kids. It's not that 659 00:34:47,920 --> 00:34:49,839 Speaker 1: I don't want them to play with my phone, it's 660 00:34:49,880 --> 00:34:55,440 Speaker 1: just that we're an anti telephone. It's an anti telephone. 661 00:34:55,600 --> 00:34:58,040 Speaker 1: Don't bring it near a telephone. It'll blow up. So 662 00:34:58,080 --> 00:35:01,120 Speaker 1: you're basically saying that tacoons are are kind of impossible 663 00:35:01,239 --> 00:35:04,600 Speaker 1: because it would break the logic of the universe. Yeah, 664 00:35:04,640 --> 00:35:08,000 Speaker 1: And I mean if you hold causality be a fundamental 665 00:35:08,080 --> 00:35:11,800 Speaker 1: principle of the universe, which I do, then it's pretty 666 00:35:11,840 --> 00:35:13,880 Speaker 1: hard to believe that anything could go fast in the 667 00:35:13,880 --> 00:35:17,520 Speaker 1: speed of light. But the math says tachyons could exist, 668 00:35:17,760 --> 00:35:20,319 Speaker 1: and it's possible that we're wrong about causality. That it's 669 00:35:20,360 --> 00:35:23,520 Speaker 1: just it's a prejudice that we've imposed on the universe 670 00:35:23,560 --> 00:35:26,000 Speaker 1: because it's the way we think, and maybe the universe 671 00:35:26,160 --> 00:35:29,680 Speaker 1: doesn't operate the way we think. Totally possible happened lots 672 00:35:29,680 --> 00:35:32,600 Speaker 1: of times in physics that we've up ended our basic 673 00:35:32,719 --> 00:35:35,920 Speaker 1: understanding of the universe, right, and then I've been confronted 674 00:35:35,960 --> 00:35:44,440 Speaker 1: by reality. Yeah, all right, Well that was cool to 675 00:35:44,520 --> 00:35:47,680 Speaker 1: learn what attacking is and how it's an imaginary or 676 00:35:48,360 --> 00:35:52,520 Speaker 1: it has imaginary maths and it's theoretically possible but not likely. 677 00:35:53,239 --> 00:35:58,400 Speaker 1: And uh dennity idea of closing this episode with a limerick. Yeah. 678 00:35:58,480 --> 00:36:00,320 Speaker 1: I was doing some research about tacking once and I 679 00:36:00,360 --> 00:36:03,800 Speaker 1: found this hilarious physics poem. Right, It's not that often 680 00:36:04,280 --> 00:36:08,719 Speaker 1: that you find physics and humor and poetry altogether, and 681 00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:12,400 Speaker 1: so I thought, let's jump on the opportunity. Right, subgenre 682 00:36:13,080 --> 00:36:17,279 Speaker 1: science fiction. Not many authors specialized in this area, but 683 00:36:17,320 --> 00:36:20,760 Speaker 1: there is one. This is by a gentleman named Reginald Buller, 684 00:36:21,280 --> 00:36:23,520 Speaker 1: and it goes like this. There was a young lady 685 00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:27,920 Speaker 1: named Bright whose speed was far faster than light. She 686 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:31,280 Speaker 1: went out one day in a relative way and returned 687 00:36:31,600 --> 00:36:34,800 Speaker 1: the previous night. So there is your physics poetry. I 688 00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:38,600 Speaker 1: noticed you didn't laugh. Well, I was just hunging up 689 00:36:38,600 --> 00:36:42,040 Speaker 1: on that first line. Um, her name is Bright. That 690 00:36:42,120 --> 00:36:47,120 Speaker 1: sounds like a like a plot hole to me. I see, mr. 691 00:36:47,640 --> 00:36:50,960 Speaker 1: The universe follows the laws of television shows and movies 692 00:36:51,320 --> 00:36:57,480 Speaker 1: is now criticizing the physics poetry for not being accurate. Yeah, 693 00:36:57,520 --> 00:36:59,200 Speaker 1: you know how many? How many people do you know 694 00:36:59,239 --> 00:37:02,279 Speaker 1: are called right? Anyways, I'm actually a member of an 695 00:37:02,320 --> 00:37:05,759 Speaker 1: organization called the Brights. I don't know what to do 696 00:37:05,800 --> 00:37:08,319 Speaker 1: with that. I'm not joking. Um alright, So thanks to 697 00:37:08,320 --> 00:37:11,440 Speaker 1: everyone for listening to this non tacky episode about a 698 00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:14,440 Speaker 1: tack eons, for bending your mind a little bit. And 699 00:37:14,520 --> 00:37:17,160 Speaker 1: remember that some of those crazy ideas that are in 700 00:37:17,239 --> 00:37:19,920 Speaker 1: physics his head and science fiction authors are writing about 701 00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:22,359 Speaker 1: they could actually be real, and one day we might 702 00:37:22,400 --> 00:37:25,560 Speaker 1: discover that the universe is far far stranger than we 703 00:37:25,600 --> 00:37:29,000 Speaker 1: ever imagined. Yeah, and if one day you do discover Takeons, 704 00:37:29,160 --> 00:37:31,719 Speaker 1: why don't you send a message to yourself backwards of 705 00:37:31,840 --> 00:37:35,520 Speaker 1: time and let us know such right here, we could 706 00:37:35,520 --> 00:37:38,080 Speaker 1: do a test right now, right in the future, somebody, 707 00:37:38,640 --> 00:37:41,000 Speaker 1: somebody discovers take On, send us a message to arrive 708 00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:45,319 Speaker 1: right now. Wait, hold on, I just got a call. 709 00:37:45,480 --> 00:37:47,960 Speaker 1: Wait here we go, let me let me pick it up. 710 00:37:48,000 --> 00:37:51,600 Speaker 1: Hold on, is it from a lady name Bright. She's 711 00:37:51,600 --> 00:37:56,600 Speaker 1: pissed at you for insulting her name. Ask her? Ask 712 00:37:56,640 --> 00:37:59,080 Speaker 1: her in the future of our podcast is a huge success. Okay, 713 00:37:59,080 --> 00:38:02,080 Speaker 1: hold on, let me texting. Oh well, wait, my phone 714 00:38:02,120 --> 00:38:04,680 Speaker 1: doesn't send things. But wait does send things into the future, 715 00:38:04,760 --> 00:38:08,400 Speaker 1: So it does send things into the future, just not backwards. 716 00:38:10,480 --> 00:38:12,520 Speaker 1: All right. Well, well, we hope you enjoyed that. See 717 00:38:12,520 --> 00:38:23,360 Speaker 1: you next time. Guys. Thanks for tuning in. If you 718 00:38:23,480 --> 00:38:26,319 Speaker 1: still have a question after listening to all these explanations, 719 00:38:26,440 --> 00:38:29,360 Speaker 1: please drop us a line. We'd love to hear from you. 720 00:38:29,360 --> 00:38:32,200 Speaker 1: You can find us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at 721 00:38:32,520 --> 00:38:35,680 Speaker 1: Daniel and Jorge That's one Word, or email us at 722 00:38:35,960 --> 00:38:39,640 Speaker 1: Feedback at Daniel and Jorge dot com. Thanks for listening, 723 00:38:39,640 --> 00:38:42,360 Speaker 1: and remember that Daniel and Jorge Explaining the Universe is 724 00:38:42,400 --> 00:38:45,920 Speaker 1: a production of I Heart Radio. For more podcast from 725 00:38:45,920 --> 00:38:49,719 Speaker 1: my Heart Radio, visit the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 726 00:38:49,840 --> 00:38:52,160 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.