1 00:00:12,039 --> 00:00:26,680 Speaker 1: Yeah, is your crew of otherwise intrepid adventurers, soldiers and 2 00:00:26,680 --> 00:00:28,920 Speaker 1: scouts falling prey to the depredations of life On the 3 00:00:29,000 --> 00:00:31,680 Speaker 1: edge of the map are the challenges of the untamed wilds, 4 00:00:31,720 --> 00:00:35,040 Speaker 1: leaving your men with syphilis, constipation, scurvy, brain shutter stickyy, 5 00:00:35,159 --> 00:00:37,760 Speaker 1: welshman's ear, and the other tragic, painful conditions so common 6 00:00:37,760 --> 00:00:40,839 Speaker 1: to modern explorers. If so, fret not, good friends and neighbors. 7 00:00:40,880 --> 00:00:43,800 Speaker 1: Dr Benjamin Russia has discovered a brilliant, innovative solution to 8 00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:47,519 Speaker 1: all your ills. Dr Russia's world famous Billious pills use 9 00:00:47,560 --> 00:00:50,960 Speaker 1: a proprietary combination of pure ingredients to gently purge the 10 00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:56,800 Speaker 1: body of excess biling contaminants that caused these dreadful, incommodious conditions. Hi, 11 00:00:56,880 --> 00:00:59,560 Speaker 1: I'm bett Who is that though? Oh? That was an 12 00:00:59,560 --> 00:01:03,640 Speaker 1: average heisman for Dr Benjamin Rush's Billious Pill, not Dr 13 00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:07,199 Speaker 1: Benjamin Boland's bills. No, No, he beat me. He beat 14 00:01:07,240 --> 00:01:10,360 Speaker 1: me to this wind, to the gut punch, Yes, to 15 00:01:10,440 --> 00:01:14,120 Speaker 1: the to the thunderclap. Oh, my goodness, gracious, So I 16 00:01:14,440 --> 00:01:17,920 Speaker 1: think he left out a key component in that ad, though, Ben, Yeah, 17 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:19,920 Speaker 1: there was a little bit of a pr spin there. 18 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:22,560 Speaker 1: Nol what was What was that key ingredient that got 19 00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:25,679 Speaker 1: left out? I think it was mercury. Ben, I believe 20 00:01:25,720 --> 00:01:29,680 Speaker 1: you are correct, my friend. We are here a ridiculous 21 00:01:29,720 --> 00:01:34,760 Speaker 1: history along with our super producer, Casey Pegram, and I 22 00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:38,080 Speaker 1: don't think we told Casey what this episode is going 23 00:01:38,120 --> 00:01:40,400 Speaker 1: to be about. No. I think I think from our 24 00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:43,039 Speaker 1: pre pro conversations he sort of gleaned that it was 25 00:01:43,080 --> 00:01:48,440 Speaker 1: something to do with mercury and poop and possibly exploration, yes, 26 00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:54,520 Speaker 1: possibly exploration, Probably exploration, definitely exploration. Can you take us back, Noll, 27 00:01:54,640 --> 00:01:59,560 Speaker 1: where where we headed? Who? Who are our protagonist today? Okay? Ben? 28 00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:02,080 Speaker 1: For today episode, we are in fact going to time 29 00:02:02,120 --> 00:02:05,080 Speaker 1: travel so that we can physically travel along with our 30 00:02:05,120 --> 00:02:09,600 Speaker 1: companions for the day, Merryweather Lewis and William Clark otherwise 31 00:02:09,680 --> 00:02:12,920 Speaker 1: known as Lewis and Clark. Yes. Yes, and there's an 32 00:02:12,919 --> 00:02:17,200 Speaker 1: amazing Superman spinoff television program called Lowis and Clark that 33 00:02:17,639 --> 00:02:20,680 Speaker 1: they were really capitalizing on people having fond memories of 34 00:02:20,720 --> 00:02:24,400 Speaker 1: this intrepid traveling duo. Um, but this is an eighteen 35 00:02:24,400 --> 00:02:26,160 Speaker 1: o four and that was more like in nineteen nine. 36 00:02:26,720 --> 00:02:29,359 Speaker 1: I want to say, so this is the important pair. Um, 37 00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:32,120 Speaker 1: So we've got Lewis and Clark who go out on 38 00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:34,480 Speaker 1: a journey. It's sort of like a Lord of the 39 00:02:34,560 --> 00:02:38,720 Speaker 1: Rings esque journey to more Door, only it's to survey 40 00:02:38,760 --> 00:02:43,280 Speaker 1: this land that President Jefferson, you know, basically bought from Louisiana. 41 00:02:43,400 --> 00:02:47,200 Speaker 1: And in another creative title for an event, the Louisiana Purchase, 42 00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:51,400 Speaker 1: he purchased some land from Louisiana and they called it 43 00:02:51,440 --> 00:02:56,560 Speaker 1: that um. And so this journey started from St. Louis 44 00:02:57,040 --> 00:03:02,359 Speaker 1: and very very slowly and deliberately its way to the 45 00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:05,920 Speaker 1: west coast right the Sacific. They wanted to. They were 46 00:03:05,919 --> 00:03:08,240 Speaker 1: tasked to find a passage from the Missouri River to 47 00:03:08,400 --> 00:03:12,040 Speaker 1: the Pacific, and they left as you said, Mayo, eighteen 48 00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:16,600 Speaker 1: o four. It took them twenty eight months to complete 49 00:03:16,639 --> 00:03:21,280 Speaker 1: the journey. They lucked out, though, because almost everyone survived, 50 00:03:21,320 --> 00:03:23,600 Speaker 1: which was amazing when you consider that they were going 51 00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:26,720 Speaker 1: through the untamed wise. I think they only lost one person. 52 00:03:27,360 --> 00:03:32,200 Speaker 1: Just why, how? How did he go? On August, Sergeant 53 00:03:32,360 --> 00:03:36,720 Speaker 1: Charles Floyd died of what they called at the time 54 00:03:37,080 --> 00:03:41,000 Speaker 1: Billius Corlick. Interesting, wasn't that word in the name of 55 00:03:41,040 --> 00:03:45,680 Speaker 1: that pill that that a disembodied U announcer gave us 56 00:03:45,680 --> 00:03:48,200 Speaker 1: at the top of the show Billius pills. Today we 57 00:03:48,240 --> 00:03:51,480 Speaker 1: call Billius corlick c h O r l I c K. 58 00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:55,640 Speaker 1: By the way, we call that a ruptured appendix. Really, 59 00:03:56,360 --> 00:04:00,560 Speaker 1: so Billius referring to bile correct absolute, and that's what 60 00:04:00,600 --> 00:04:02,600 Speaker 1: your appendix is kind of chock full of. And it 61 00:04:02,680 --> 00:04:06,760 Speaker 1: is a poisonous substance if if leached out into the body, 62 00:04:07,040 --> 00:04:11,400 Speaker 1: right right exactly. Bilious is a word that can trace 63 00:04:11,480 --> 00:04:14,840 Speaker 1: its origin back to the old belief. In the old 64 00:04:14,880 --> 00:04:19,080 Speaker 1: medical belief, humors, Yes, exactly, the four bodily humors would 65 00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:22,000 Speaker 1: be black, bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood. So you 66 00:04:22,080 --> 00:04:27,080 Speaker 1: might be phlegmatic, you might be bilious. And when Lewis 67 00:04:27,080 --> 00:04:29,520 Speaker 1: and Clark set off with their thirty odd people, they 68 00:04:29,560 --> 00:04:33,640 Speaker 1: wanted to really be boy scouts about it. They needed 69 00:04:33,720 --> 00:04:38,840 Speaker 1: to prepare as much as possible for any contingency, and 70 00:04:38,960 --> 00:04:41,320 Speaker 1: one of the things that they were very concerned with 71 00:04:41,800 --> 00:04:47,840 Speaker 1: was the possibility of growing sick like indigestion, diarrhea, constipation, 72 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:51,520 Speaker 1: constipation mainly right, that's the big one, because how how 73 00:04:51,520 --> 00:04:55,880 Speaker 1: many months was this journey again months? So you know, 74 00:04:57,080 --> 00:05:00,520 Speaker 1: it would be almost impossible to bring enough food that 75 00:05:00,560 --> 00:05:02,919 Speaker 1: would not that would keep for that long let alone 76 00:05:02,920 --> 00:05:06,920 Speaker 1: that you could actually carry through the completely untamed wilderness 77 00:05:06,960 --> 00:05:09,680 Speaker 1: that they were traveling through. Um, so they had to 78 00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:12,360 Speaker 1: be prepared to have to catch their own food, which 79 00:05:12,360 --> 00:05:15,520 Speaker 1: would end up being like super kind of gamey stuff. 80 00:05:16,080 --> 00:05:18,480 Speaker 1: I believe they ended up eating a lot of dogs 81 00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:22,440 Speaker 1: on this trip. Yeah, that was a thing. And this 82 00:05:22,600 --> 00:05:26,480 Speaker 1: led them to having some pretty severe tummy troubles, most 83 00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:34,279 Speaker 1: specifically constipation. So they packed these pills in large quantities. Yes. Yeah. 84 00:05:34,320 --> 00:05:37,240 Speaker 1: The weird thing about the Billious pills is they were 85 00:05:37,320 --> 00:05:41,839 Speaker 1: actually in effect anti bilious. Back then, a patient was 86 00:05:41,920 --> 00:05:46,120 Speaker 1: said to be billious when supposed poor flow of bile 87 00:05:46,200 --> 00:05:51,799 Speaker 1: in their body gave them any number of symptoms headache, lassitude, constipation, 88 00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:57,920 Speaker 1: and Dr Rush had actually spoken to Louis to merriwether 89 00:05:58,040 --> 00:06:02,599 Speaker 1: Lewis before they left, and he said, if you see 90 00:06:02,640 --> 00:06:05,080 Speaker 1: a sign of an approaching disease, if you see one 91 00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:10,080 Speaker 1: of these symptoms pop up, headaches, constipation, just hand them 92 00:06:10,160 --> 00:06:15,440 Speaker 1: one or two of these pills. But they had that nickname, right, Thunderbolts. Thunderbolts. 93 00:06:15,520 --> 00:06:17,440 Speaker 1: It sounds like some kind of like truck stop speed. 94 00:06:17,560 --> 00:06:22,640 Speaker 1: Doesn't like mans yellow jackets, yellow jackets, that's the one um. 95 00:06:22,640 --> 00:06:25,520 Speaker 1: But here here's the kicker though. It contained something called 96 00:06:25,680 --> 00:06:31,719 Speaker 1: calamel ten grams per serving um, which the active ingredient, 97 00:06:32,160 --> 00:06:38,440 Speaker 1: and calamel is in fact mercury mercurous chloride. Yeah, and 98 00:06:39,040 --> 00:06:43,719 Speaker 1: this calamel stuff had been used in medical practice since 99 00:06:43,800 --> 00:06:49,240 Speaker 1: the sixteen hundreds because it was actually a milder form 100 00:06:49,360 --> 00:06:53,680 Speaker 1: of a mercury compound. The liquid medical mercury had been 101 00:06:53,720 --> 00:06:57,200 Speaker 1: applied externally in different ways since ancient times to treat 102 00:06:57,279 --> 00:07:01,000 Speaker 1: a variety of skin diseases, and then because it's been 103 00:07:01,080 --> 00:07:06,960 Speaker 1: used so often externally, it evolved into an internal medicine. 104 00:07:07,040 --> 00:07:09,440 Speaker 1: But wasn't the problem with mercury is that, sure it 105 00:07:09,520 --> 00:07:13,320 Speaker 1: does knock out some conditions of the skin, for example, 106 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:18,400 Speaker 1: but it also like poisons the person that's taking it, right, right, 107 00:07:18,840 --> 00:07:23,280 Speaker 1: Like the the old haberdashers who would go crazy from 108 00:07:23,320 --> 00:07:26,200 Speaker 1: exposure to mercury, right, Yeah, like that guy that killed 109 00:07:26,600 --> 00:07:28,680 Speaker 1: John Wilkes booth. We did an episode on back in 110 00:07:28,680 --> 00:07:32,120 Speaker 1: the right yea, yeah, you know the guy who gastrated himself, 111 00:07:32,440 --> 00:07:36,920 Speaker 1: Thomas Corbett. Corbett, that's right, that's right. So we know 112 00:07:37,080 --> 00:07:43,720 Speaker 1: that mercury could actually treat some medical conditions. People used 113 00:07:43,760 --> 00:07:48,119 Speaker 1: it often to combat syphilis, for instance. But we also 114 00:07:48,200 --> 00:07:53,000 Speaker 1: know that this stuff had a range of terrible, terrible 115 00:07:53,120 --> 00:07:58,080 Speaker 1: side effects. If you took small doses of this mercurous 116 00:07:58,160 --> 00:08:02,200 Speaker 1: chloride over time, it would give you mercury poisoning. We 117 00:08:02,280 --> 00:08:04,000 Speaker 1: just didn't call it that at the time. You would 118 00:08:04,040 --> 00:08:07,120 Speaker 1: have a lot of saliva, your gums would get sore, 119 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:10,920 Speaker 1: your teeth would loosen, your breath would smell like metal, 120 00:08:11,560 --> 00:08:15,840 Speaker 1: which is super gross, and you would have discolored stool. 121 00:08:16,480 --> 00:08:21,560 Speaker 1: But in large doses, this stuff acted very quickly as 122 00:08:21,560 --> 00:08:24,240 Speaker 1: a laxative. Right, Yeah, it absolutely did, and that is 123 00:08:24,320 --> 00:08:27,080 Speaker 1: of course the purposes that was being employed for here 124 00:08:27,120 --> 00:08:31,000 Speaker 1: with the Lewis and Clark team. Um, they took so 125 00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:33,800 Speaker 1: much of it that they would spend like an entire 126 00:08:33,960 --> 00:08:39,080 Speaker 1: day they would lose to multiple party members just you know, purging, 127 00:08:40,559 --> 00:08:43,199 Speaker 1: spray and pray, that's what I like to call it. Yeah, 128 00:08:43,280 --> 00:08:46,960 Speaker 1: that's a good one. But thankfully, there was a popular 129 00:08:47,400 --> 00:08:49,839 Speaker 1: kind of wisdom, I guess, surrounding camping that you should 130 00:08:49,840 --> 00:08:53,720 Speaker 1: dig your latrine a certain distance away from your campsite 131 00:08:53,800 --> 00:08:56,560 Speaker 1: as not to contaminate your your food, or you know, 132 00:08:56,679 --> 00:08:59,840 Speaker 1: just just keep things not gross. It's a quality of life, 133 00:09:00,360 --> 00:09:02,720 Speaker 1: especially if you got a dude like hovering over this 134 00:09:02,800 --> 00:09:05,800 Speaker 1: like a hole in the ground, just like expelling his 135 00:09:05,920 --> 00:09:09,400 Speaker 1: bowels just explosively. Nobody wants to be around that. How 136 00:09:09,400 --> 00:09:10,840 Speaker 1: if you remember how far it was, what was the 137 00:09:10,840 --> 00:09:14,160 Speaker 1: recommended distance? I would just think surely, given the circumstances, 138 00:09:14,160 --> 00:09:16,959 Speaker 1: they would have like up that whatever it may have been. Yeah, 139 00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:20,960 Speaker 1: it may have changed depending on their terrain, but the 140 00:09:21,040 --> 00:09:25,600 Speaker 1: rule of thumb nowadays is about a hundred yards away 141 00:09:25,600 --> 00:09:29,520 Speaker 1: as a minimum in a secluded area. They were probably 142 00:09:29,559 --> 00:09:32,040 Speaker 1: not that far away, because a hundred yards that's a 143 00:09:32,080 --> 00:09:34,760 Speaker 1: football field, you know what I mean? Well, and exactly 144 00:09:34,800 --> 00:09:37,760 Speaker 1: like if you were in some kind of small clearing, 145 00:09:37,840 --> 00:09:39,680 Speaker 1: like in a wooded area, you might not have that 146 00:09:39,800 --> 00:09:43,040 Speaker 1: much space to work with. Yeah, it was probably just far. 147 00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:46,319 Speaker 1: It was at least far enough away that you wouldn't 148 00:09:46,360 --> 00:09:49,320 Speaker 1: be haunted by the smell or the sounds. The horrible, 149 00:09:49,400 --> 00:09:54,160 Speaker 1: horrible sounds, right, the groans of anguished human misery and 150 00:09:54,200 --> 00:09:58,199 Speaker 1: like cartoonish splattering sounds. Can you even imagine? Ben? I can? 151 00:09:58,280 --> 00:10:00,200 Speaker 1: And it bothers me? It bothers me too? Does it 152 00:10:00,200 --> 00:10:03,880 Speaker 1: bother you listeners? Does it bother you? Casey? Yeah, I'd 153 00:10:03,920 --> 00:10:10,559 Speaker 1: say that bothers me. It is decided it's an unpleasant 154 00:10:10,559 --> 00:10:12,880 Speaker 1: thing to be around, right, We took it to the 155 00:10:12,960 --> 00:10:16,280 Speaker 1: highest authority in the land as far as this podcast 156 00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:24,560 Speaker 1: is concerned. The weird thing about these pills is that 157 00:10:25,040 --> 00:10:28,600 Speaker 1: it was a large enough dose of mercury to actually 158 00:10:28,720 --> 00:10:31,720 Speaker 1: kill a human being, but it went through their bodies 159 00:10:31,720 --> 00:10:34,720 Speaker 1: so fast, and one end out of the other because 160 00:10:34,720 --> 00:10:36,520 Speaker 1: it was fast acting too. That was another part. That's 161 00:10:36,520 --> 00:10:39,599 Speaker 1: why they were called lightning pills, I imagine, right, yeah, exactly, 162 00:10:39,920 --> 00:10:42,640 Speaker 1: And they had to be named after the sound, you know, 163 00:10:42,880 --> 00:10:45,840 Speaker 1: which just still bothers me a little bit null. But 164 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:48,800 Speaker 1: here's here's something he's saying. It sounded like lightning when 165 00:10:48,840 --> 00:10:53,520 Speaker 1: they evacuated their bowels. Yeah, yeah, it sounded that. It 166 00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:56,040 Speaker 1: sounded like the clap of thunder, you know, like is 167 00:10:56,080 --> 00:10:59,480 Speaker 1: a storm coming in? Or is Louis sick again? You know. 168 00:10:59,679 --> 00:11:04,440 Speaker 1: But here's something that hopefully made the pain of the 169 00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:09,240 Speaker 1: journey worth it for these for these intrepid explorers. For 170 00:11:09,320 --> 00:11:13,640 Speaker 1: a long time, archaeologists were attempting to trace the exact 171 00:11:13,800 --> 00:11:18,079 Speaker 1: path that Lewis and Clark took. And these guys stated 172 00:11:18,120 --> 00:11:21,680 Speaker 1: over six hundred different sites, so you might know the 173 00:11:21,800 --> 00:11:24,480 Speaker 1: general trend, and you can see some stuff that they 174 00:11:24,520 --> 00:11:27,800 Speaker 1: have documented themselves. But if you want to find the 175 00:11:28,200 --> 00:11:33,120 Speaker 1: specific actual facts camp sites, you're looking at a needle 176 00:11:33,120 --> 00:11:36,520 Speaker 1: in the haystack situation, or so one would assume, or 177 00:11:36,720 --> 00:11:40,160 Speaker 1: you could call it a pile of human excrement and 178 00:11:40,240 --> 00:11:43,360 Speaker 1: a hole in the ground situation. That's true, that's probably 179 00:11:43,440 --> 00:11:46,440 Speaker 1: more accurate, more accurate, which honestly seems to me would 180 00:11:46,480 --> 00:11:49,280 Speaker 1: be pretty difficult to find as well. But find it 181 00:11:49,480 --> 00:11:52,760 Speaker 1: these intrepid archaeologists did, did they not been? They did, 182 00:11:52,880 --> 00:11:56,679 Speaker 1: know they did, and they did it with the incidental 183 00:11:56,720 --> 00:12:01,200 Speaker 1: help of Dr Benjamin Rush's billious Because remember how just 184 00:12:01,280 --> 00:12:06,160 Speaker 1: a moment ago we said that these things are like mercury, 185 00:12:06,520 --> 00:12:10,199 Speaker 1: mercurius chloride, or call mill. There was so much mercury 186 00:12:10,400 --> 00:12:15,960 Speaker 1: running through these poor guy's bodies that the mercury stayed 187 00:12:16,120 --> 00:12:19,840 Speaker 1: in the ground where their latrines were like an unusual 188 00:12:20,320 --> 00:12:24,760 Speaker 1: cartoon ish I'll say it, disgusting amount of mercury. And 189 00:12:24,840 --> 00:12:29,679 Speaker 1: that is how, given the opportunity, archaeologists could differentiate between 190 00:12:30,080 --> 00:12:33,280 Speaker 1: the Lewis and Clark poop and the poop of of 191 00:12:33,280 --> 00:12:36,080 Speaker 1: others who may have passed through a similar location. But 192 00:12:36,120 --> 00:12:38,120 Speaker 1: then They had to have had a vague idea. They 193 00:12:38,120 --> 00:12:41,120 Speaker 1: couldn't have been like, you know, going willy nilly to 194 00:12:41,200 --> 00:12:44,520 Speaker 1: every random campsite like this seems like an insane process. 195 00:12:44,520 --> 00:12:46,760 Speaker 1: How how did this go down? It's a good question, 196 00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:50,560 Speaker 1: my friend. Uh. There's a writer for the Chicago Tribune 197 00:12:50,640 --> 00:12:54,800 Speaker 1: named Maurice Postley who walks us through a little bit 198 00:12:54,840 --> 00:12:59,880 Speaker 1: of this. In his journals. Merryweather Lewis refers to a 199 00:13:00,280 --> 00:13:03,280 Speaker 1: camp site near a place called Lolo Creek, which is 200 00:13:03,320 --> 00:13:06,559 Speaker 1: just a few miles south of Missoula, and he calls 201 00:13:06,600 --> 00:13:11,760 Speaker 1: his place travelers Rest. And they all thought. Everybody thought 202 00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:13,640 Speaker 1: for a long time that this camp was at the 203 00:13:13,679 --> 00:13:17,640 Speaker 1: confluence of the Bitter Root River and Lolo Creek, about 204 00:13:17,679 --> 00:13:21,600 Speaker 1: a mile and a half away. But this all changed 205 00:13:21,880 --> 00:13:27,880 Speaker 1: when a vapor analysis verified this unusual amount of mercury there. 206 00:13:28,400 --> 00:13:31,640 Speaker 1: I was that much that a vapor analysis would do it. 207 00:13:31,720 --> 00:13:35,439 Speaker 1: It was like in the air. It's crazy. They were 208 00:13:35,520 --> 00:13:39,920 Speaker 1: able to They were able to analyze the soil pretty easily. 209 00:13:39,960 --> 00:13:43,840 Speaker 1: And once they once they find that one site and like, oh, 210 00:13:44,080 --> 00:13:47,160 Speaker 1: this proves it. Let's see if we can test other 211 00:13:47,280 --> 00:13:50,120 Speaker 1: specific sites and traces of mercy and maybe and maybe 212 00:13:50,120 --> 00:13:55,760 Speaker 1: get to the source by seeing how the concentrations change, right, Yeah, exactly, 213 00:13:55,800 --> 00:13:58,360 Speaker 1: you could in theory, I guess, find that that hole 214 00:13:58,400 --> 00:14:03,440 Speaker 1: in the ground um by tracking like the concentration of mercury. Yes, 215 00:14:03,559 --> 00:14:06,840 Speaker 1: And there's an interesting thing here that you and I 216 00:14:06,880 --> 00:14:10,760 Speaker 1: have talked about off air. We we've been mentioning mercury 217 00:14:10,840 --> 00:14:16,199 Speaker 1: as a treatment for constipation, but it was also used 218 00:14:16,240 --> 00:14:19,800 Speaker 1: to treat an entirely different medical condition. That's the thing. 219 00:14:19,800 --> 00:14:23,040 Speaker 1: They were getting this mercury from from two different sources. 220 00:14:23,040 --> 00:14:25,600 Speaker 1: That the Billiest pills, which was kind of considered a 221 00:14:25,640 --> 00:14:27,840 Speaker 1: cure all, but then they also had a cash of 222 00:14:27,840 --> 00:14:32,000 Speaker 1: another type of medication that was specifically designed to treat syphilis. 223 00:14:32,040 --> 00:14:35,720 Speaker 1: Because they were they basically kind of prepared for the 224 00:14:35,720 --> 00:14:37,920 Speaker 1: fact they were going to have a lot of what 225 00:14:37,960 --> 00:14:39,920 Speaker 1: other kind of sex was there at the time, unprotected 226 00:14:39,960 --> 00:14:44,240 Speaker 1: sex with um, some Native women. There's an article in 227 00:14:44,280 --> 00:14:49,480 Speaker 1: The Atlantic that came out in twenty sixteen that it 228 00:14:49,560 --> 00:14:53,120 Speaker 1: seems to dispel this belief for a while. People believe 229 00:14:53,280 --> 00:14:58,760 Speaker 1: that syphilis actually came somehow from the New World, but 230 00:14:59,440 --> 00:15:02,840 Speaker 1: all the other and syndicates, we still don't know exactly 231 00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:07,200 Speaker 1: where syphilis came from. And I think you and I 232 00:15:07,320 --> 00:15:12,120 Speaker 1: had always assumed that syphilis came with the Europeans into 233 00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:14,320 Speaker 1: the New World, which I know we're not supposed to 234 00:15:14,360 --> 00:15:16,640 Speaker 1: use the term New World anymore, but that's what they 235 00:15:16,640 --> 00:15:19,360 Speaker 1: called it at the time. We know we're talking about Yeah, 236 00:15:19,560 --> 00:15:24,760 Speaker 1: so the disease already had a long history in Europe, 237 00:15:25,440 --> 00:15:29,880 Speaker 1: but maybe the syphilis epidemic seemed like a new disease 238 00:15:29,920 --> 00:15:32,960 Speaker 1: at the time because it had previously been mistaken for 239 00:15:33,480 --> 00:15:36,200 Speaker 1: something else, you know, or maybe it was a particularly 240 00:15:36,560 --> 00:15:40,240 Speaker 1: virulent strain of syphilis, whatever the case may bee. Um, 241 00:15:40,360 --> 00:15:43,520 Speaker 1: these travelers knew damn well that they were going to 242 00:15:43,640 --> 00:15:46,680 Speaker 1: be exposed to this condition, but they weren't gonna let 243 00:15:46,680 --> 00:15:49,480 Speaker 1: that stop them from, you know, having a nice fling 244 00:15:49,640 --> 00:15:53,880 Speaker 1: with with an attractive lady. Um, and they took this 245 00:15:53,960 --> 00:15:56,480 Speaker 1: stuff to either. I guess it wasn't really it could 246 00:15:56,520 --> 00:15:58,440 Speaker 1: be a safeguard against I guess they just accept that 247 00:15:58,480 --> 00:16:02,480 Speaker 1: they were going to get it. Apparently just resign themselves 248 00:16:02,520 --> 00:16:05,400 Speaker 1: their their syphilitic faith, which is no joke, right. Syphilis 249 00:16:05,440 --> 00:16:07,320 Speaker 1: is the one that like can kind of like make 250 00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:09,720 Speaker 1: you go insane over time, right in the late stages. 251 00:16:10,040 --> 00:16:13,640 Speaker 1: So they had syphilis and mercury poisoning. I would imagine 252 00:16:13,640 --> 00:16:16,040 Speaker 1: by the end of this journey, these dudes, we're not 253 00:16:16,160 --> 00:16:21,480 Speaker 1: well right and mentally right. And let's see, it was 254 00:16:21,600 --> 00:16:24,760 Speaker 1: even just in the first year of the expedition. On 255 00:16:24,960 --> 00:16:29,520 Speaker 1: October fIF eighteen o four, Clark writes down that the 256 00:16:29,560 --> 00:16:31,720 Speaker 1: party had arrived at a place called the camp of 257 00:16:31,760 --> 00:16:35,880 Speaker 1: the Aracarra, and that quote, their women were very fond 258 00:16:35,920 --> 00:16:39,840 Speaker 1: of caressing our men and company. And by March of 259 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:42,960 Speaker 1: eighteen o five he noted that the men were quote 260 00:16:43,240 --> 00:16:48,000 Speaker 1: generally healthy, except venereal complaints, which is very common amongst 261 00:16:48,040 --> 00:16:51,080 Speaker 1: the natives here. The men catch it from them, So 262 00:16:51,240 --> 00:16:54,440 Speaker 1: they were blaming the native population. But you know, it 263 00:16:54,520 --> 00:16:58,040 Speaker 1: was just out. It was apparently just crazy talk for 264 00:16:58,120 --> 00:17:01,920 Speaker 1: them to you know, not pursue these flings. I mean, 265 00:17:01,920 --> 00:17:04,359 Speaker 1: they had to occupy their time somehow, I guess, right. 266 00:17:04,560 --> 00:17:08,439 Speaker 1: So they were just on this cycle of unprotected sex, 267 00:17:08,640 --> 00:17:12,119 Speaker 1: syphilis and mercury, wild times, my friend, and eating dogs 268 00:17:12,320 --> 00:17:17,920 Speaker 1: and eating dogs and just laying some epic flagellations. What 269 00:17:18,520 --> 00:17:22,119 Speaker 1: I don't know about this what the farts, the thunderclaps, 270 00:17:22,119 --> 00:17:24,600 Speaker 1: Oh that's different. It was man of fart destiny like 271 00:17:24,680 --> 00:17:27,440 Speaker 1: ow Ben that's that's horrible. I love you so much. 272 00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:30,440 Speaker 1: There is another thing too, about the times that they 273 00:17:30,440 --> 00:17:34,439 Speaker 1: spent on the on the old Rugged trail. Apparently every 274 00:17:34,480 --> 00:17:38,040 Speaker 1: man got a ration of whiskey. Um, they had barrels 275 00:17:38,040 --> 00:17:40,239 Speaker 1: of whiskey, and that was a really important part of 276 00:17:40,280 --> 00:17:45,160 Speaker 1: their staying sane in these intense circumstances. And one man 277 00:17:45,280 --> 00:17:48,119 Speaker 1: I believe was caught taking more than his fair share 278 00:17:48,240 --> 00:17:52,480 Speaker 1: of and he got fifty stripes on the back, um 279 00:17:52,520 --> 00:17:55,679 Speaker 1: with a cat of nine tails or some such you know, 280 00:17:55,800 --> 00:17:58,639 Speaker 1: bull whip. Oh wow. And that they took that stuff 281 00:17:58,640 --> 00:18:01,680 Speaker 1: really seriously, and you know that stuff left scars, oh 282 00:18:01,720 --> 00:18:03,399 Speaker 1: big time. Yeah. Yeah. But I mean that was like 283 00:18:03,440 --> 00:18:05,760 Speaker 1: the height of of punishment. And if they did that 284 00:18:05,800 --> 00:18:08,320 Speaker 1: for just you know, taking a little extra shot of whiskey, 285 00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:09,880 Speaker 1: I can't imagine what they would have done for more 286 00:18:10,359 --> 00:18:14,800 Speaker 1: severe crimes. Right. And this is fascinating, I think, to 287 00:18:14,920 --> 00:18:18,320 Speaker 1: both of us because growing up here in the States, 288 00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:22,760 Speaker 1: when you hear about the Lewis and Clark expedition, you 289 00:18:22,920 --> 00:18:25,800 Speaker 1: just hear the bare bones, and it's sometimes it's a 290 00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:29,720 Speaker 1: little romanticized. You know, It's like these this noble group 291 00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:34,640 Speaker 1: of people who are the harbingers of Western civilization at 292 00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:38,360 Speaker 1: this point, trying to explore a great unknown, at least 293 00:18:38,440 --> 00:18:43,600 Speaker 1: unknown to Europeans land and so, as so often happens 294 00:18:43,600 --> 00:18:46,840 Speaker 1: in so many stories like this, we skip over a 295 00:18:46,840 --> 00:18:51,400 Speaker 1: lot of the nitty gritty details. The epidemic of syphilis, 296 00:18:51,480 --> 00:18:56,080 Speaker 1: the epidemic of diarrhea, the mercury in the ground everywhere, 297 00:18:56,119 --> 00:18:59,080 Speaker 1: the dog eating the dog eating. No, no no, that's very 298 00:18:59,080 --> 00:19:01,359 Speaker 1: sexy at all. No, that's not what you want to 299 00:19:01,359 --> 00:19:03,919 Speaker 1: think about. What you think about this. We're left with 300 00:19:04,119 --> 00:19:08,120 Speaker 1: this image of conquering, you know, the great outdoors, and 301 00:19:08,200 --> 00:19:10,840 Speaker 1: you've got these trails named after Lewis and Clark. And 302 00:19:10,920 --> 00:19:13,040 Speaker 1: now we know that they went to I think more 303 00:19:13,080 --> 00:19:18,440 Speaker 1: than six hundred campsites throughout this journey, and like Traveler's Rest, 304 00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:23,240 Speaker 1: because of these intrepid archaeologists and their ability to analyze 305 00:19:23,240 --> 00:19:25,439 Speaker 1: some of these sites for its mercury content, we know 306 00:19:25,880 --> 00:19:29,960 Speaker 1: a little bit more about where these folks passed through. Yes, 307 00:19:30,200 --> 00:19:33,720 Speaker 1: and we have also learned that, what you know, neither 308 00:19:33,760 --> 00:19:36,120 Speaker 1: of us are doctors. Casey is not a doctor either. 309 00:19:36,359 --> 00:19:41,280 Speaker 1: We've also learned uh the perils of mercury. Don't take it, 310 00:19:41,359 --> 00:19:43,840 Speaker 1: don't break the thermometer and play with it. Did you 311 00:19:43,840 --> 00:19:45,320 Speaker 1: ever do that as you kid? You know what? I've 312 00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:47,159 Speaker 1: seen videos of it looks pretty cool. It's like the 313 00:19:47,240 --> 00:19:51,600 Speaker 1: T one thousand exactly. Yeah, but it's still not worth it. 314 00:19:51,600 --> 00:19:54,600 Speaker 1: You can do horrible things to it. Just happened in 315 00:19:54,720 --> 00:20:00,080 Speaker 1: today's episode to preserve for posterity the details of the 316 00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:08,879 Speaker 1: Lewis and Clark expedition. And one thing that's surprising is 317 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:12,080 Speaker 1: although we we hold the Lewis and Clark expedition in 318 00:20:12,200 --> 00:20:17,920 Speaker 1: such high regard today, it only became popular relatively recently, 319 00:20:17,920 --> 00:20:20,280 Speaker 1: like fifty years ago or so. Well. I think when 320 00:20:20,320 --> 00:20:24,560 Speaker 1: these men returned, they expected like a hero's welcome, right, 321 00:20:25,080 --> 00:20:30,080 Speaker 1: and it just never really came. And Merryweather Lewis. In fact, 322 00:20:30,640 --> 00:20:33,919 Speaker 1: his death has been a source of much speculation, but 323 00:20:34,040 --> 00:20:38,679 Speaker 1: one very plausible one is that he kind of spiraled 324 00:20:38,680 --> 00:20:42,879 Speaker 1: into despair and self doubt uh and that he ultimately 325 00:20:43,200 --> 00:20:47,200 Speaker 1: took his own life in in a quite outlandish fashion. 326 00:20:47,720 --> 00:20:51,560 Speaker 1: UM walk us through. Yeah, well so. Thomas Jefferson himself 327 00:20:51,760 --> 00:20:55,760 Speaker 1: had reported that Lewis's family had a history of depression 328 00:20:56,080 --> 00:21:01,719 Speaker 1: bipolar disorder, specifically UM, and that he himself Lewis had 329 00:21:01,760 --> 00:21:04,800 Speaker 1: been suffering from this condition himself since he was a child. 330 00:21:05,280 --> 00:21:07,840 Speaker 1: And here's a quote from a great article on history 331 00:21:07,880 --> 00:21:11,960 Speaker 1: dot n D dot gov, where Jefferson says, this Governor 332 00:21:12,040 --> 00:21:15,720 Speaker 1: Lewis had from an early life been subject to hypochondriac affections. 333 00:21:16,040 --> 00:21:19,280 Speaker 1: It was a constitutional disposition in all the nearer branches 334 00:21:19,320 --> 00:21:21,520 Speaker 1: of the family of his name. It was more immediately 335 00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:24,119 Speaker 1: inherited by him from his father. While he lived with 336 00:21:24,160 --> 00:21:28,359 Speaker 1: me in Washington, I observed at times sensible depressions of mind, 337 00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:31,840 Speaker 1: but knowing their constitutional source, I estimated their course by 338 00:21:31,840 --> 00:21:34,200 Speaker 1: what I had seen in the family. This is really 339 00:21:34,200 --> 00:21:37,960 Speaker 1: interesting because this idea of mental illness can having such stigma. 340 00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:40,800 Speaker 1: It's still around today. I mean, it hasn't gotten that 341 00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:42,879 Speaker 1: much better. So back in these days it certainly wouldn't 342 00:21:42,880 --> 00:21:45,720 Speaker 1: have been something that you would have talked about. But um, yeah, 343 00:21:45,760 --> 00:21:48,240 Speaker 1: So he suffered from these you know, great highs and 344 00:21:48,359 --> 00:21:52,480 Speaker 1: great lows, and the story of his demise goes like this. 345 00:21:52,880 --> 00:21:56,160 Speaker 1: Oh sh also mentioned just to in reject that he 346 00:21:56,200 --> 00:21:59,760 Speaker 1: is rediscovered letters show that he had written his will 347 00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:03,560 Speaker 1: but for the journey, and he also attempted suicide on 348 00:22:03,600 --> 00:22:07,760 Speaker 1: the expedition but was restrained. Yeah. Good, A good thing. 349 00:22:07,760 --> 00:22:09,760 Speaker 1: He had his bros around him to kind of hold him, 350 00:22:09,800 --> 00:22:12,440 Speaker 1: pull him back from the letage, I suppose. So what happened? 351 00:22:12,520 --> 00:22:15,720 Speaker 1: How how did he pass away? So the story goes 352 00:22:15,840 --> 00:22:19,119 Speaker 1: like this, Um, he had booked himself a room at 353 00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:22,639 Speaker 1: an end a tavern and he shot himself. Um, but 354 00:22:22,800 --> 00:22:25,719 Speaker 1: that didn't take because I guess I don't know, maybe 355 00:22:25,920 --> 00:22:29,240 Speaker 1: those little musket balls, those those guns don't always discharge properly. 356 00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:31,800 Speaker 1: Maybe it just didn't didn't wasn't a death blow. And 357 00:22:31,840 --> 00:22:35,720 Speaker 1: so he did it again and that didn't quite take either. 358 00:22:35,800 --> 00:22:39,280 Speaker 1: So he decided to go to sleep. He went to sleep, 359 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:42,680 Speaker 1: and he woke up, um, you know, not dead. And 360 00:22:42,720 --> 00:22:46,840 Speaker 1: then he apparently ran out into the hallway and said, quote, 361 00:22:46,880 --> 00:22:50,000 Speaker 1: give me some water and heal my wounds, and all 362 00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:52,919 Speaker 1: the guests were freaking out, and he went back to 363 00:22:52,960 --> 00:22:57,399 Speaker 1: sleep and then woke up and someone witnessed him quote 364 00:22:57,800 --> 00:23:01,479 Speaker 1: cutting himself from head to foot. So it took about 365 00:23:01,480 --> 00:23:05,560 Speaker 1: twelve hours of time, two bullets, a little bit asleep, 366 00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:10,280 Speaker 1: and um a blade for Louis to finally die. And 367 00:23:10,359 --> 00:23:13,359 Speaker 1: that is like some tortures of the damned kind of 368 00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:16,960 Speaker 1: stuff right there. Because Lord self inflicted is the belief right. 369 00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:19,680 Speaker 1: This was at the Grinder's stand. It's in on the 370 00:23:19,760 --> 00:23:23,359 Speaker 1: Natchez trace, and I believe he had one gun shot 371 00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:28,159 Speaker 1: in the head, one to the gut, and you know, 372 00:23:28,200 --> 00:23:30,760 Speaker 1: as said, he ran out and scared the hell out 373 00:23:30,760 --> 00:23:34,760 Speaker 1: of everyone. Uh. Nashville newspaper had reported that his throat 374 00:23:34,880 --> 00:23:39,040 Speaker 1: was cut. There is one complicating factor here. Money that 375 00:23:39,080 --> 00:23:41,919 Speaker 1: he had borrowed from a guy named Major Gilbert Russell 376 00:23:42,200 --> 00:23:46,880 Speaker 1: to complete the journey was missing. Oh, the plot thickens. 377 00:23:46,960 --> 00:23:50,760 Speaker 1: The plot thickens. And Thomas Jefferson, as you pointed out, 378 00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:54,880 Speaker 1: along with some modern historians, generally accepted the idea that 379 00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:59,600 Speaker 1: Lewis died of suicide. But there's still a debate. There's 380 00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:03,399 Speaker 1: still people who say it was homicide for one reason 381 00:24:03,480 --> 00:24:06,480 Speaker 1: or another. That is pretty fascinating. Um, it does seem 382 00:24:06,520 --> 00:24:10,359 Speaker 1: like the groundwork was laid for him, having already demonstrated 383 00:24:10,359 --> 00:24:13,840 Speaker 1: suicidal tendencies. But this whole missing money business and the 384 00:24:13,920 --> 00:24:16,879 Speaker 1: muddies the water. So he might have spent it because 385 00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:21,800 Speaker 1: there Uh. The historian Paul Russell cut right, completely believes 386 00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:25,399 Speaker 1: this was suicide, and he has a pretty detailed takedown 387 00:24:25,400 --> 00:24:28,920 Speaker 1: in the murder slash robbery theory. He says Louis had 388 00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:31,720 Speaker 1: a lot of debt. He was a heavy drinker. He 389 00:24:31,800 --> 00:24:35,639 Speaker 1: may have been using morphine and opium. Uh, he was 390 00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:40,360 Speaker 1: running late preparing the expeditions journals for publishing. He just 391 00:24:40,640 --> 00:24:44,040 Speaker 1: couldn't get a romantic partner, and he was on the 392 00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:48,000 Speaker 1: outs with Thomas Jefferson. The relationship was going downhill. So 393 00:24:48,240 --> 00:24:52,240 Speaker 1: he's saying that it's plausible that Lewis, given his history 394 00:24:52,359 --> 00:24:55,520 Speaker 1: right his his own mental struggles. He's saying it's more 395 00:24:55,600 --> 00:24:58,840 Speaker 1: plausible that Louis eventually took his own life. Well, that's 396 00:24:58,840 --> 00:25:00,920 Speaker 1: a real bummer, and that is a surely a down 397 00:25:00,920 --> 00:25:03,280 Speaker 1: our way to end this episode. Um So I'm just 398 00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:05,080 Speaker 1: gonna throw in one more thing to kind of like 399 00:25:05,160 --> 00:25:08,160 Speaker 1: change like a palate clan, a little bit of palicillanser. 400 00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:10,199 Speaker 1: And that is the fact that or the idea that 401 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:13,240 Speaker 1: Thomas Jefferson. One of the big things he was super 402 00:25:13,280 --> 00:25:19,439 Speaker 1: excited about them finding on this expedition was like giant animals, Yes, 403 00:25:19,760 --> 00:25:23,879 Speaker 1: like Mammoth's American right, yeah, big time. And uh, something 404 00:25:23,960 --> 00:25:28,680 Speaker 1: called a megalonics or a mega megal Yeah, megalonics, which 405 00:25:28,720 --> 00:25:32,520 Speaker 1: is like some kind of giant cat And he described 406 00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:35,400 Speaker 1: it as as pre eminent over the lion in size 407 00:25:35,560 --> 00:25:38,240 Speaker 1: as the mammoth is over the elephant. And if you 408 00:25:38,359 --> 00:25:41,920 Speaker 1: want to see a really cool exploration of this as 409 00:25:41,960 --> 00:25:44,639 Speaker 1: if it were real, there is a comic book series 410 00:25:44,680 --> 00:25:48,720 Speaker 1: called Manifest Destiny. I've read it. It's on issue thirty 411 00:25:48,800 --> 00:25:50,520 Speaker 1: six right now, that's ongoing, but you can get the 412 00:25:50,560 --> 00:25:52,680 Speaker 1: Collected Trades or what have you. Check it out. I've 413 00:25:52,720 --> 00:25:55,119 Speaker 1: read like the first Trade and it's really cool. But 414 00:25:55,160 --> 00:25:58,439 Speaker 1: it has some of these crazy creatures. Yeah, it's a 415 00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:02,280 Speaker 1: big part of it. In this comic they're finding, um well, 416 00:26:02,320 --> 00:26:04,800 Speaker 1: i'll tell you this without spoiling it. In in this 417 00:26:04,880 --> 00:26:09,080 Speaker 1: story in the graphic novel slash comic book Manifest Destiny, 418 00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:13,280 Speaker 1: the expedition does run into mega fauno just the generic 419 00:26:13,359 --> 00:26:16,239 Speaker 1: term for large animals. But they also keep finding these 420 00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:19,760 Speaker 1: structures that look like the Gateway arch there in St. Louis. 421 00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:22,960 Speaker 1: And you know what if if you're a fan of 422 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:25,760 Speaker 1: good stories, we highly recommend that. I'm so glad you 423 00:26:25,800 --> 00:26:27,720 Speaker 1: mentioned this on Aara he was reading it. I was 424 00:26:27,800 --> 00:26:31,720 Speaker 1: rereading it last night and prep for the podcast. All 425 00:26:31,720 --> 00:26:35,080 Speaker 1: that good historical data in there, because I think there 426 00:26:35,119 --> 00:26:37,200 Speaker 1: is some stuff in there that is historically accurate, but 427 00:26:37,320 --> 00:26:40,040 Speaker 1: it's largely a fictionalized version with some of these more 428 00:26:40,960 --> 00:26:44,879 Speaker 1: high and lofty ideas of what this this unsettled wilderness 429 00:26:44,920 --> 00:26:48,040 Speaker 1: might be like. So pretty cool stuff. Yeah, check it out. 430 00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:49,960 Speaker 1: I like that we I like that we made a 431 00:26:50,080 --> 00:26:53,080 Speaker 1: good comic recommendation. We do whatever we can have we 432 00:26:53,119 --> 00:26:56,879 Speaker 1: made one before. Um, we may have mentioned comics were like, 433 00:26:57,000 --> 00:26:59,080 Speaker 1: but I don't know if we out not recommended one. 434 00:26:59,200 --> 00:27:02,040 Speaker 1: I pledge from this day fourth to always recommend a 435 00:27:02,080 --> 00:27:05,399 Speaker 1: comic on every episode. Okay, no, that's too much. No, no, 436 00:27:05,560 --> 00:27:07,919 Speaker 1: as long as caveat, as long as it doesn't have 437 00:27:08,080 --> 00:27:12,520 Speaker 1: to completely tie in with the episode. And we're gonna 438 00:27:12,520 --> 00:27:16,200 Speaker 1: do an episode on every state and we're gonna complete 439 00:27:16,200 --> 00:27:19,879 Speaker 1: it by the end of this year. WHOA, No, I 440 00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:23,480 Speaker 1: don't think we can. We're only coming out twice a week. 441 00:27:23,520 --> 00:27:27,440 Speaker 1: I at least forget. It's under promise over deliver. So 442 00:27:28,080 --> 00:27:30,919 Speaker 1: there's also another commy called The Black Monday Murders. Has 443 00:27:30,960 --> 00:27:34,320 Speaker 1: nothing to do with today's episode, but you will thoroughly 444 00:27:35,040 --> 00:27:37,360 Speaker 1: enjoy it. And I'm a fan of Lock and Key, 445 00:27:37,400 --> 00:27:40,240 Speaker 1: which you loaned me trying to get my way through it. 446 00:27:40,280 --> 00:27:43,000 Speaker 1: But it's by Joe Hill, who is Stephen King's son. 447 00:27:43,359 --> 00:27:45,480 Speaker 1: Nothing really like anything Stephen King ever did, though he's 448 00:27:45,480 --> 00:27:48,520 Speaker 1: got his own thing. Yeah. Yeah, Joe Hill is a 449 00:27:48,560 --> 00:27:50,760 Speaker 1: fantastic gregor. You know what, let us know what comic 450 00:27:50,840 --> 00:27:54,280 Speaker 1: books do you like, historical or otherwise? Yeah, and you 451 00:27:54,320 --> 00:27:56,320 Speaker 1: can let us know right now as you're listening to 452 00:27:56,320 --> 00:27:58,840 Speaker 1: this episode. You have to do is hop on Instagram, 453 00:27:58,920 --> 00:28:04,240 Speaker 1: Twitter or face look especially our Facebook community page Ridiculous Historians, 454 00:28:04,359 --> 00:28:05,760 Speaker 1: or you can write us a good old fashioned email 455 00:28:05,760 --> 00:28:08,000 Speaker 1: at ridiculous at how stuff works dot com. M We'd 456 00:28:08,000 --> 00:28:10,480 Speaker 1: love to thank super producer and Casey Pegraham. I'd like 457 00:28:10,560 --> 00:28:12,800 Speaker 1: to thank you Ben. I'd like to thank you Noel, 458 00:28:13,720 --> 00:28:17,280 Speaker 1: along with Alex Williams who composed our track, our research 459 00:28:17,320 --> 00:28:20,679 Speaker 1: associate Gabe who does just an amazing jobs, right, and 460 00:28:20,720 --> 00:28:22,800 Speaker 1: big shout outs to Christopher and Eves who have done 461 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:24,680 Speaker 1: an incredible job. At this point, I still think we've 462 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:26,560 Speaker 1: got a few of their ideas kicking around on the cancer. 463 00:28:26,600 --> 00:28:29,399 Speaker 1: We'll make sure that we shout them out when those happen. 464 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:35,240 Speaker 1: And uh a shout out to Dr Benjamin rush Uh. 465 00:28:35,640 --> 00:28:36,879 Speaker 1: I don't know if you're meant to be in the 466 00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:41,320 Speaker 1: history books this way, Doc, but congratulations. Nonetheless, Casey, can 467 00:28:41,360 --> 00:28:50,120 Speaker 1: we get an appropriate sound cue