1 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:06,000 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind from how Stuff 2 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:13,280 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, you're welcome to Stuff to Blow 3 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:15,800 Speaker 1: your Mind. My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Christian Sager. 4 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:18,319 Speaker 1: And today before we get the episodes started, there's a 5 00:00:18,320 --> 00:00:20,360 Speaker 1: few things that we want to let you our audience 6 00:00:20,480 --> 00:00:23,560 Speaker 1: know about up top that are coming up in the 7 00:00:23,560 --> 00:00:25,880 Speaker 1: month of October, which is one of our favorite months here. 8 00:00:26,680 --> 00:00:30,280 Speaker 1: First of all, we are going to start doing listener 9 00:00:30,360 --> 00:00:34,120 Speaker 1: mail episodes over periscope. We're going to attempt this. If 10 00:00:34,159 --> 00:00:37,400 Speaker 1: you've ever used the periscope apt before, it's connected to Twitter. 11 00:00:38,159 --> 00:00:40,920 Speaker 1: We've been been getting so much listener mail lately that 12 00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:42,520 Speaker 1: we don't really feel like we could do it justice 13 00:00:42,520 --> 00:00:45,159 Speaker 1: in one podcast episode, so we figured we'd give this 14 00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:47,199 Speaker 1: periscope thing a try, and we're going to try it 15 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:51,200 Speaker 1: out on Friday, October. The second thing that we want 16 00:00:51,200 --> 00:00:55,000 Speaker 1: to let you know about is the return of Monster Science. Now, 17 00:00:55,040 --> 00:00:56,920 Speaker 1: if you're a listener of the podcast but you've never 18 00:00:56,920 --> 00:00:59,880 Speaker 1: seen any of the videos before, I have to recommend 19 00:00:59,920 --> 00:01:01,960 Speaker 1: the you check these out. I wasn't involved in the 20 00:01:02,040 --> 00:01:04,160 Speaker 1: original ones, and it's one of my favorite things that 21 00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:06,240 Speaker 1: we've ever produced here at How Stuff Works. Robert, you 22 00:01:06,280 --> 00:01:07,680 Speaker 1: want to talk a little bit more about it. Yeah, 23 00:01:07,720 --> 00:01:11,600 Speaker 1: we have four new episodes coming at you. In each one, 24 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:16,440 Speaker 1: Dr Anton Jessup discusses uh the fictional world of monsters 25 00:01:16,440 --> 00:01:19,160 Speaker 1: as well as the real world, the real natural world 26 00:01:19,440 --> 00:01:22,360 Speaker 1: of biology, and finds the comparisons to make between the two. 27 00:01:22,400 --> 00:01:25,520 Speaker 1: So it's it's always a fun video. It's great. Yeah, 28 00:01:25,600 --> 00:01:28,039 Speaker 1: and it has so much value to like the effects 29 00:01:28,080 --> 00:01:30,399 Speaker 1: that are in it that our producer Tyler throws in 30 00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:33,240 Speaker 1: and also like some really cool background props and items 31 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:35,160 Speaker 1: that you guys get to work with. So if you're 32 00:01:35,160 --> 00:01:39,160 Speaker 1: into horror, if you're excited about Halloween and October, and 33 00:01:39,200 --> 00:01:41,520 Speaker 1: you love science like we do, you should totally check 34 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:44,640 Speaker 1: out Monster Science. It's already the first two seasons are 35 00:01:44,640 --> 00:01:47,080 Speaker 1: already on YouTube, and if you follow us on Facebook, 36 00:01:47,319 --> 00:01:49,760 Speaker 1: we're gonna be posting at least one or two episodes 37 00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:52,960 Speaker 1: a week directly there for the next couple of weeks 38 00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:55,160 Speaker 1: leading up to Halloween in the new season. Yeah, so 39 00:01:55,200 --> 00:01:58,600 Speaker 1: you can sort of follow the very loose narrative that 40 00:01:58,600 --> 00:02:00,600 Speaker 1: that goes through all of these yeah, and and and 41 00:02:00,680 --> 00:02:02,880 Speaker 1: real quick before we get started, just you know, if 42 00:02:02,880 --> 00:02:04,560 Speaker 1: you want to find out any of this stuff, and 43 00:02:04,640 --> 00:02:06,280 Speaker 1: you're a fan of the show, and you haven't you 44 00:02:06,280 --> 00:02:09,560 Speaker 1: haven't had the opportunity to learn about these yet. Definitely, 45 00:02:09,639 --> 00:02:12,120 Speaker 1: you know, follow us on social media. We're on Facebook, 46 00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:14,880 Speaker 1: We're on Twitter, and Tumbler, all those platforms were blow 47 00:02:14,919 --> 00:02:17,880 Speaker 1: the mind. There's also the home page stuff to blow 48 00:02:17,919 --> 00:02:20,720 Speaker 1: your mind dot com, which is full of blog posts 49 00:02:20,720 --> 00:02:24,160 Speaker 1: that Robert and I and Joe work on, and videos 50 00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:27,280 Speaker 1: older videos that Robert and Julie used to do, and 51 00:02:27,320 --> 00:02:30,520 Speaker 1: including all the monster science stuff. So definitely just give 52 00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:33,400 Speaker 1: it a shot. And speaking of monsters, today, we are 53 00:02:33,440 --> 00:02:36,720 Speaker 1: talking about a topic that has definite ties into the 54 00:02:36,800 --> 00:02:40,880 Speaker 1: mythological world of monsters, but also uh ties in very 55 00:02:40,960 --> 00:02:45,040 Speaker 1: nicely to themes of biological and chemical weapons and to 56 00:02:45,720 --> 00:02:50,640 Speaker 1: uh into themes of just natural biology and of course 57 00:02:50,720 --> 00:02:53,560 Speaker 1: natural medicine. Yeah, this is a topic that you know, 58 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:55,760 Speaker 1: if you had asked me about a week ago, before 59 00:02:55,760 --> 00:02:58,040 Speaker 1: I'd done the research, I would have just had some vague, 60 00:02:58,440 --> 00:03:02,400 Speaker 1: sort of universal pick sure's ideas about what this means. 61 00:03:02,440 --> 00:03:06,280 Speaker 1: So of course we're talking about wolf Spain, yes, and 62 00:03:06,320 --> 00:03:09,359 Speaker 1: I honestly I wasn't completely sure it was real and 63 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:12,040 Speaker 1: very recently me you see it, you hear it mentioned, 64 00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:14,400 Speaker 1: it sounds a little bit too cute, right, you know, 65 00:03:14,520 --> 00:03:17,560 Speaker 1: And how do you fight off a werewolf for potentially 66 00:03:17,600 --> 00:03:21,600 Speaker 1: make awarewolf? It gets convoluted. Um, well you find this, uh, 67 00:03:21,720 --> 00:03:24,120 Speaker 1: this this plant, this little flower that's occurring, and it's 68 00:03:24,120 --> 00:03:27,120 Speaker 1: called wolf Spain, ironically enough, and it can be used 69 00:03:27,160 --> 00:03:29,960 Speaker 1: against the creature. Yeah. And it turns out this is 70 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:33,840 Speaker 1: a real thing, very real and very prominent in Northern 71 00:03:33,880 --> 00:03:37,119 Speaker 1: Europe and has a real deep history with a lot 72 00:03:37,160 --> 00:03:39,880 Speaker 1: of interesting sort of connections to how it's used in 73 00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:42,960 Speaker 1: the variations in which people have used it to heal 74 00:03:43,040 --> 00:03:46,360 Speaker 1: and to hurt one another. Uh. And the werewolf thing 75 00:03:46,440 --> 00:03:49,440 Speaker 1: is fascinating. But I also think that it's just it's 76 00:03:49,480 --> 00:03:54,240 Speaker 1: got like a very odd kind of horticultural background to 77 00:03:54,680 --> 00:03:56,920 Speaker 1: something that I'd never heard of, maybe because I've you know, 78 00:03:57,160 --> 00:03:59,520 Speaker 1: I'm not like one foot in the botany world the 79 00:03:59,560 --> 00:04:02,320 Speaker 1: way I'm on foot into the horror world. Yeah, like it. 80 00:04:02,320 --> 00:04:05,120 Speaker 1: It definitely has deep roots, if you will, in the 81 00:04:05,480 --> 00:04:07,520 Speaker 1: in the botany world, and also also in the world 82 00:04:07,600 --> 00:04:12,120 Speaker 1: of traditional medicines, especially traditional Chinese medicine. Yeah. Yeah, so 83 00:04:12,200 --> 00:04:14,240 Speaker 1: all right, what are we actually talking about here? Wolf 84 00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:17,320 Speaker 1: Spain is what exactly. Well, we're talking about the perennial 85 00:04:17,400 --> 00:04:21,960 Speaker 1: herbs of the buttercut family rannow cool, let's say, and 86 00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:27,480 Speaker 1: that's divided into two genera, a contum and Erathus. Yeah, 87 00:04:27,520 --> 00:04:30,400 Speaker 1: and so h Latin is going to be a major 88 00:04:31,279 --> 00:04:33,160 Speaker 1: thing that pops up here in terms of like the 89 00:04:33,880 --> 00:04:36,440 Speaker 1: naming conventions surrounding these plants. And I think there's something 90 00:04:36,480 --> 00:04:41,320 Speaker 1: like sixty sixty different subspecies of these, So forgive us 91 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:43,839 Speaker 1: if our Latin isn't up to par and we're not 92 00:04:43,839 --> 00:04:47,200 Speaker 1: pronouncing these exactly right. But the main thing to know 93 00:04:47,520 --> 00:04:50,760 Speaker 1: is that this is largely referred to as a conatum, 94 00:04:51,320 --> 00:04:54,359 Speaker 1: and we'll also be talking about a con night, which 95 00:04:54,440 --> 00:04:58,440 Speaker 1: is this deadly poisonous alkaloid that is emitted from the plant, 96 00:04:58,560 --> 00:05:01,440 Speaker 1: primarily from its roots. Yeah, I mean it's present all 97 00:05:01,480 --> 00:05:04,480 Speaker 1: through the plant, but in its roots and root tubers 98 00:05:04,480 --> 00:05:07,680 Speaker 1: that's where you find the highest concentrations. But it's it's 99 00:05:07,680 --> 00:05:09,599 Speaker 1: also in the in the in the leaves, it's in 100 00:05:09,600 --> 00:05:12,240 Speaker 1: the flowers, it's in the it's in high levels in 101 00:05:12,279 --> 00:05:15,800 Speaker 1: the pollen. It's crazy dangerous and this is one of 102 00:05:15,839 --> 00:05:18,120 Speaker 1: the things one of the reasons why after doing this research, 103 00:05:18,160 --> 00:05:20,040 Speaker 1: I was like why don't we all know about this 104 00:05:20,200 --> 00:05:24,400 Speaker 1: because this seems like this incredibly dangerous thing that we 105 00:05:24,560 --> 00:05:28,560 Speaker 1: just refer about casually in werewolf movies. Yeah, we'll discuss 106 00:05:28,600 --> 00:05:30,240 Speaker 1: some of the dangers that have But you you find 107 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:33,760 Speaker 1: it throughout the northern hemisphere, um in in in America, 108 00:05:33,839 --> 00:05:37,680 Speaker 1: you find it throughout Eurasia, and accidents do occur, and 109 00:05:37,720 --> 00:05:40,720 Speaker 1: it's mostly native to mountains. It's known as a rock 110 00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:44,039 Speaker 1: flower and some uh, some parts of the world because 111 00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:47,279 Speaker 1: it grows up out of spaces in between rocks. But 112 00:05:47,360 --> 00:05:51,760 Speaker 1: there's primarily two sort of informal categories. There's monkshood and 113 00:05:51,800 --> 00:05:55,760 Speaker 1: there's wolf spain. Uh. And it's called monkshood because of 114 00:05:56,120 --> 00:05:59,120 Speaker 1: its shape, So it has this U shape to it. 115 00:05:59,320 --> 00:06:01,320 Speaker 1: They call it the sepals. I guess those are like 116 00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:04,159 Speaker 1: the upper petals um that kind of curve over and 117 00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:06,479 Speaker 1: look like the hood over like I guess like a 118 00:06:06,520 --> 00:06:10,360 Speaker 1: capuchin monk or something like that. Um. And there's different colors, right, 119 00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:13,120 Speaker 1: So the monks hoods usually are like dark blues or 120 00:06:13,160 --> 00:06:17,880 Speaker 1: purple's sometimes that you'll find them in white variations, whereas 121 00:06:17,880 --> 00:06:22,400 Speaker 1: like wolf spain is usually yellow. Sometimes it's lavender or pink, 122 00:06:22,760 --> 00:06:26,960 Speaker 1: and those are commonly grown in the Alps of Switzerland, actually, 123 00:06:26,960 --> 00:06:29,320 Speaker 1: which again I didn't I had no idea. Yeah, the 124 00:06:29,400 --> 00:06:32,479 Speaker 1: hills are alive and uh and it's it's important to 125 00:06:32,480 --> 00:06:35,320 Speaker 1: to to drive home to here that the reason that this, uh, 126 00:06:35,400 --> 00:06:39,560 Speaker 1: this thing is just so filled with toxic alkaloids is 127 00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:44,040 Speaker 1: because it's it's in essence, the chemical prodect protection against herbivores. Yeah, 128 00:06:44,279 --> 00:06:46,960 Speaker 1: I mean some of the not just some of the 129 00:06:46,960 --> 00:06:49,040 Speaker 1: ways that this has been used against humans, but also 130 00:06:49,120 --> 00:06:53,159 Speaker 1: animals I thought was uh, pretty mortifying. But I guess, 131 00:06:53,200 --> 00:06:54,880 Speaker 1: you know, maybe I'm coming at it from a modern 132 00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:58,240 Speaker 1: day standpoint where I wouldn't purposely poison horses, for instance. 133 00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:02,000 Speaker 1: But we'll get into that. So, okay, there's a there's 134 00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:07,000 Speaker 1: an interesting etymology behind this particular flower. So the name 135 00:07:07,200 --> 00:07:09,800 Speaker 1: is thought to be derived from the Greek word I 136 00:07:09,800 --> 00:07:14,560 Speaker 1: think it's a conaton, which means without struggle. But there's 137 00:07:14,600 --> 00:07:17,360 Speaker 1: also an idea that it also comes from the Greek 138 00:07:17,400 --> 00:07:21,280 Speaker 1: word a con which is word for dart or javelin, 139 00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:23,960 Speaker 1: And we'll talk about that later. But it primarily has 140 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:27,040 Speaker 1: to do with this substance being coded on those weapons 141 00:07:27,480 --> 00:07:32,320 Speaker 1: us more essentially a chemical weapon. It's also thought to 142 00:07:32,400 --> 00:07:35,800 Speaker 1: come from the word Akona, which is a word connected 143 00:07:35,840 --> 00:07:37,800 Speaker 1: to rocky grounds, like I just said, like it grows 144 00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:40,920 Speaker 1: up in mountainous regions. And actually Pliny the Elder talked 145 00:07:40,920 --> 00:07:42,800 Speaker 1: about it and some of his writings, and he said 146 00:07:43,360 --> 00:07:46,000 Speaker 1: that it might be connected to the port of Akina, 147 00:07:46,400 --> 00:07:49,800 Speaker 1: which was apparently a place known for evil repute um. 148 00:07:49,840 --> 00:07:51,960 Speaker 1: And that's you know, again connected to it because of 149 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:55,520 Speaker 1: the whole poison in the Aconite thing. So the last 150 00:07:55,560 --> 00:08:00,320 Speaker 1: one apparently acon All those kinds of iterations within Greek 151 00:08:00,920 --> 00:08:04,160 Speaker 1: all have kind of deadly meanings. So a wet stone 152 00:08:04,400 --> 00:08:09,320 Speaker 1: is apparently pronounced at home in Greek. And uh, that's 153 00:08:09,320 --> 00:08:10,960 Speaker 1: so if you don't know, that's the like the thing 154 00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:13,520 Speaker 1: that you used to sharpen a sword, basically, and they 155 00:08:13,520 --> 00:08:15,800 Speaker 1: think that that might also be in origin for it. 156 00:08:15,880 --> 00:08:19,280 Speaker 1: Because it's like a wet stone, it makes a blade 157 00:08:19,400 --> 00:08:22,680 Speaker 1: even deadlier. So how do people end up finding them 158 00:08:22,720 --> 00:08:25,840 Speaker 1: self poisoned by wolf spain? Uh? They're basically two ways. 159 00:08:25,840 --> 00:08:27,560 Speaker 1: And it depends on where you are in the world. 160 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:31,000 Speaker 1: If you if you reside in the East, if particularly 161 00:08:31,040 --> 00:08:34,160 Speaker 1: if you're if you're in China, then there's a very 162 00:08:34,200 --> 00:08:37,600 Speaker 1: good chance that you might encounter it through traditional medicine. 163 00:08:37,880 --> 00:08:40,559 Speaker 1: And if the proportions are long, if it are wrong, 164 00:08:40,600 --> 00:08:43,160 Speaker 1: if it hasn't been prepared properly, or you take too 165 00:08:43,280 --> 00:08:46,760 Speaker 1: much of it, uh and it's prepared form, then you 166 00:08:46,800 --> 00:08:50,640 Speaker 1: can become poisoned by the aconite. Yeah, and it's nasty stuff. 167 00:08:50,720 --> 00:08:53,600 Speaker 1: And and then you know there's just the casual like 168 00:08:53,720 --> 00:08:56,880 Speaker 1: walking by it or accidentally putting it to your lips, 169 00:08:56,920 --> 00:08:59,600 Speaker 1: to which you know, surprisingly happens more often then you think. 170 00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:03,199 Speaker 1: In fact, last year, there was a thirty three year 171 00:09:03,200 --> 00:09:07,360 Speaker 1: old gardener named Nathan Greenaway and he worked He worked 172 00:09:07,400 --> 00:09:09,959 Speaker 1: at this place called mill Court House, which was owned 173 00:09:09,960 --> 00:09:14,240 Speaker 1: by like a retired ventured capitalist named Christopher Ogilvy Thompson uh. 174 00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:19,000 Speaker 1: And apparently they had wolfspand growing in their giant garden 175 00:09:19,520 --> 00:09:22,560 Speaker 1: and Nathan didn't know this. He brushed up against it 176 00:09:22,600 --> 00:09:25,400 Speaker 1: and it killed him within a day. Um. And some 177 00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:27,960 Speaker 1: people speculate, you know, it's it's worse if you have 178 00:09:28,040 --> 00:09:30,320 Speaker 1: like open wounds on your hands. Apparently this guy wasn't 179 00:09:30,320 --> 00:09:33,640 Speaker 1: wearing gloves at the time. But it's pretty dangerous. In fact, 180 00:09:33,679 --> 00:09:36,120 Speaker 1: some people over the years have even mistaken it for 181 00:09:36,240 --> 00:09:39,160 Speaker 1: horse radish and put their roots in their mouth and 182 00:09:39,240 --> 00:09:42,760 Speaker 1: died from it, so it leads to bad results. Um. 183 00:09:42,800 --> 00:09:45,280 Speaker 1: And before we get into the werewolves and the poisons 184 00:09:45,320 --> 00:09:48,000 Speaker 1: and the herbology and all that stuff. Um, we'll just 185 00:09:48,160 --> 00:09:50,720 Speaker 1: kind of briefly talk about why this thing is so toxic. 186 00:09:50,880 --> 00:09:53,040 Speaker 1: So we know that the roots and the tubers are 187 00:09:53,120 --> 00:09:57,520 Speaker 1: especially toxic. It's really prevalent, especially you know, it can 188 00:09:57,520 --> 00:10:00,560 Speaker 1: be absorbed through your skin, and how to be handled 189 00:10:00,559 --> 00:10:03,160 Speaker 1: with extreme care because of those alkaloids that we were 190 00:10:03,160 --> 00:10:06,720 Speaker 1: talking about before. Um. But but what is the actual 191 00:10:06,760 --> 00:10:10,680 Speaker 1: effect of this thing? Right? So it produces a topical 192 00:10:10,720 --> 00:10:14,679 Speaker 1: tingling at first, kind of like an anesthetic, I'm assuming, uh, 193 00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:18,760 Speaker 1: and followed by I guess like it's an altered state. 194 00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:21,680 Speaker 1: I wouldn't call it hallucinating, but it's kind of like 195 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:24,560 Speaker 1: your mind is affected. And we'll talk about different ways 196 00:10:24,600 --> 00:10:26,920 Speaker 1: in which people have used it purposely to affect their 197 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:29,200 Speaker 1: own minds. But it sounds to me like it's sort 198 00:10:29,200 --> 00:10:33,160 Speaker 1: of like a a state that slows down the mind 199 00:10:33,280 --> 00:10:37,000 Speaker 1: and sort of puts most things out of your your 200 00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:40,280 Speaker 1: thoughts so you can focus singularly. Yeah, And there's a 201 00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:42,520 Speaker 1: there's a lot of mention in the in the literature 202 00:10:42,520 --> 00:10:44,760 Speaker 1: about particularly when we get into its use with a 203 00:10:44,840 --> 00:10:49,199 Speaker 1: poison that that it you remain very clear headed until 204 00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:53,040 Speaker 1: the very ends, kind of adding to the nefarious nature 205 00:10:53,160 --> 00:10:56,679 Speaker 1: of it as a weapon. Having just gone under anesthetic yesterday, 206 00:10:56,880 --> 00:10:59,240 Speaker 1: I can I can imagine what the effects are like. 207 00:11:00,559 --> 00:11:04,280 Speaker 1: But yeah, so all you need is three to six 208 00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:08,720 Speaker 1: milligrams of aconite to kill a healthy adult Like this 209 00:11:08,720 --> 00:11:11,680 Speaker 1: stuff is so potent, just like a few grams of 210 00:11:11,720 --> 00:11:15,240 Speaker 1: the plant matter touching your hands or obviously being ingested 211 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:18,720 Speaker 1: is super dangerous. Uh. And I found there's an old 212 00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:23,480 Speaker 1: nineteen eleven Encyclopedia Britannica entry that mentioned that some people 213 00:11:24,160 --> 00:11:28,040 Speaker 1: purposely put the pedal or the roots to their lips 214 00:11:28,679 --> 00:11:31,280 Speaker 1: to produce like a numbness or a tingling. I guess 215 00:11:31,320 --> 00:11:35,320 Speaker 1: it's like the whippets of the Turn of the Sectary. Yeah, 216 00:11:35,559 --> 00:11:39,920 Speaker 1: a very dangerous um practice indeed, though, because you need 217 00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:42,640 Speaker 1: to make sure you just get enough of it to 218 00:11:42,640 --> 00:11:46,440 Speaker 1: to inspire tingling and numbness and not you know, poison 219 00:11:46,480 --> 00:11:49,120 Speaker 1: you to death. Yeah. Absolutely, um. And this is the 220 00:11:49,120 --> 00:11:53,480 Speaker 1: horse thing, which I found unfortunate, but apparently horse dealers 221 00:11:53,640 --> 00:11:56,280 Speaker 1: used to use this. They'd feed it to their horses 222 00:11:56,320 --> 00:11:59,280 Speaker 1: before they brought their animals to market, and the reason 223 00:11:59,320 --> 00:12:02,319 Speaker 1: why was it works the opposite on horses. It stimulates 224 00:12:02,360 --> 00:12:04,520 Speaker 1: horses and makes them lively. So if you had an old, 225 00:12:04,520 --> 00:12:06,160 Speaker 1: tired horse and you're trying to get rid of it, 226 00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:08,280 Speaker 1: you give it a little bit of wolf spain, bring 227 00:12:08,280 --> 00:12:10,360 Speaker 1: it to market, and it appears more lively and you're 228 00:12:10,440 --> 00:12:12,079 Speaker 1: more likely to sell it. And then you know, the 229 00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:14,280 Speaker 1: person who buys it gets at home and realize that 230 00:12:14,320 --> 00:12:17,800 Speaker 1: this is a very tired horse. All right, Well, let's 231 00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:20,959 Speaker 1: let's get into the werewolf mythology a little bit. And 232 00:12:21,160 --> 00:12:23,920 Speaker 1: I think like one of the key things here that 233 00:12:23,960 --> 00:12:26,520 Speaker 1: we keep finding is that you see wolf spain mentioned 234 00:12:26,559 --> 00:12:30,720 Speaker 1: as both a preventative measure and uh and and also 235 00:12:30,760 --> 00:12:33,080 Speaker 1: the cause of leokanthropy. Yeah, that was the thing that 236 00:12:33,120 --> 00:12:35,599 Speaker 1: was confusing to me. So before going into this, I 237 00:12:35,679 --> 00:12:38,280 Speaker 1: had always heard of it through the myths, I guess, 238 00:12:38,360 --> 00:12:40,880 Speaker 1: or the fiction that I had encountered as being the 239 00:12:40,880 --> 00:12:43,320 Speaker 1: thing that you use. It's like other than a silver bullet, 240 00:12:43,320 --> 00:12:46,160 Speaker 1: it's like the only thing that can stop a werewolf, right. Uh. 241 00:12:46,200 --> 00:12:48,720 Speaker 1: And I think there's like a Marvel Comics like X 242 00:12:48,760 --> 00:12:52,440 Speaker 1: Men character whose name I don't think, I know. There's 243 00:12:52,440 --> 00:12:55,520 Speaker 1: a there's an X Men character named wolf Spain. The 244 00:12:55,640 --> 00:12:58,520 Speaker 1: name doesn't really make sense because as you suspect her 245 00:12:58,520 --> 00:13:02,560 Speaker 1: powers that she transforms into a werewolf. So what, like, 246 00:13:03,360 --> 00:13:07,640 Speaker 1: I don't understand. I guess why there's the divergence in 247 00:13:07,679 --> 00:13:10,400 Speaker 1: the mythos there of like it's the thing that will 248 00:13:10,480 --> 00:13:12,319 Speaker 1: kill a werewolf, but it's also the thing that will 249 00:13:12,360 --> 00:13:15,360 Speaker 1: turn you into a werewolf. Yeah, I don't know. It's 250 00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:19,000 Speaker 1: just so tied to how a werewolf works that you 251 00:13:19,040 --> 00:13:20,800 Speaker 1: can be Yeah, I mean, it's it's kind of it 252 00:13:20,840 --> 00:13:23,520 Speaker 1: kind of represents the dual nature of the of the 253 00:13:23,520 --> 00:13:27,800 Speaker 1: substance itself, right and incorrect proportions. It can be used 254 00:13:27,840 --> 00:13:31,280 Speaker 1: as a medicine and in um strong enough dosus and 255 00:13:31,480 --> 00:13:33,560 Speaker 1: or you know which doesn't doesn't take very much. As 256 00:13:33,559 --> 00:13:37,040 Speaker 1: we've already discussed, you have a dire weapon on your hands, 257 00:13:37,160 --> 00:13:39,040 Speaker 1: you know what. That's a really good point actually, And 258 00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:45,920 Speaker 1: so there's definitely historical connections to the poison part because Akinaton, 259 00:13:46,520 --> 00:13:50,160 Speaker 1: like I'm going to pronounce this wrong, like a tonum 260 00:13:50,400 --> 00:13:53,640 Speaker 1: uh is this is the genus that's essentially uh the 261 00:13:53,640 --> 00:13:56,800 Speaker 1: wolf Spain, the like prominent wolf Spain. It was originally 262 00:13:56,920 --> 00:14:00,520 Speaker 1: used as a way to kill panthers and wolves and 263 00:14:00,600 --> 00:14:04,280 Speaker 1: other quote wild beasts. Uh, and it was considered deadly 264 00:14:04,320 --> 00:14:06,160 Speaker 1: to them. One of the quotes that I read from 265 00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:09,160 Speaker 1: an old textbook said it kills them in the same 266 00:14:09,280 --> 00:14:11,520 Speaker 1: day if you put the root or the leaf on 267 00:14:11,559 --> 00:14:15,480 Speaker 1: the animals genitals. So I don't know, I don't know 268 00:14:15,480 --> 00:14:18,920 Speaker 1: how they're grabbing a wolf and and rubbing the leaves 269 00:14:18,920 --> 00:14:22,080 Speaker 1: of wolf spain on its genitals. But the other thing 270 00:14:22,120 --> 00:14:24,400 Speaker 1: that I heard was that they used to lure wolves out, 271 00:14:24,440 --> 00:14:26,680 Speaker 1: but they would take like chunks of raw meat and 272 00:14:26,720 --> 00:14:30,320 Speaker 1: they would mix in wolf spain juice a sense essentially 273 00:14:30,400 --> 00:14:32,920 Speaker 1: into this stuff, throw it out. Everybody would go into 274 00:14:32,960 --> 00:14:34,600 Speaker 1: their homes. The wolves would come out and eat the 275 00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:38,160 Speaker 1: stuff and be dead like a day later. Yeah, it's 276 00:14:38,280 --> 00:14:41,640 Speaker 1: it's it's interesting to see the connection here between wolf 277 00:14:41,680 --> 00:14:45,240 Speaker 1: spaane and the and using it as a a turrent 278 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:48,960 Speaker 1: against wolves and they're they're likewise. There are some arguments 279 00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:51,600 Speaker 1: that the werewolf myth has its roots, So you know, 280 00:14:51,640 --> 00:14:53,520 Speaker 1: I don't not only in sort of the dual nature 281 00:14:53,560 --> 00:14:56,480 Speaker 1: of man is you know, a beast but also you know, 282 00:14:56,520 --> 00:15:00,840 Speaker 1: a higher animal, but but also in our older struggles 283 00:15:00,880 --> 00:15:04,440 Speaker 1: against wolves where we were having to compete against wolves 284 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:07,400 Speaker 1: for resources. Yeah, it's not something that we run into 285 00:15:07,480 --> 00:15:10,080 Speaker 1: on a daily basis now, or at least I guess 286 00:15:10,120 --> 00:15:13,360 Speaker 1: maybe in our culture we don't. But but yeah, I 287 00:15:13,400 --> 00:15:15,400 Speaker 1: was thinking about this, like, as I was doing the research, 288 00:15:15,480 --> 00:15:18,400 Speaker 1: my dog often hangs out next to my office desk 289 00:15:18,440 --> 00:15:20,120 Speaker 1: and just kind of you know, looks up at me, 290 00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:22,400 Speaker 1: and occasionally I pat him and stuff. And I thought, well, 291 00:15:22,400 --> 00:15:25,960 Speaker 1: we have a very different relationship with these animals today. Yeah, 292 00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:27,600 Speaker 1: I mean you look. I mean, of course, you can 293 00:15:27,640 --> 00:15:30,680 Speaker 1: look at very recent history and the United States even 294 00:15:30,760 --> 00:15:34,840 Speaker 1: with the poisoning of wolves and very large numbers to 295 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:38,000 Speaker 1: the point where we we've had to to help bring 296 00:15:38,040 --> 00:15:40,560 Speaker 1: the numbers back up in the wild. Uh So, yeah, 297 00:15:40,560 --> 00:15:43,360 Speaker 1: we have a very troubled history with with the canines. 298 00:15:43,840 --> 00:15:46,920 Speaker 1: But so there's there's there's a lot of folklore connected 299 00:15:46,960 --> 00:15:49,280 Speaker 1: to this, and I think you're right to say that 300 00:15:49,320 --> 00:15:51,720 Speaker 1: it it comes from the sort of dual nature of 301 00:15:51,720 --> 00:15:55,040 Speaker 1: it being both a poison and a cure. Yeah. I 302 00:15:55,080 --> 00:15:58,960 Speaker 1: was looking in the Larust Dictionary of World Folklore, and 303 00:15:59,040 --> 00:16:01,640 Speaker 1: it's pointed out there that according to some folk police 304 00:16:01,680 --> 00:16:04,120 Speaker 1: that if you apply to fatal dose wolf bane would 305 00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:06,400 Speaker 1: repel a werewolf, which which seems kind of like a 306 00:16:06,520 --> 00:16:10,160 Speaker 1: no brainer. It would repel anything like this is a 307 00:16:10,240 --> 00:16:13,120 Speaker 1: powerful poison, so I should hope it would work against 308 00:16:13,160 --> 00:16:16,240 Speaker 1: the werewolf that's threatening my village. Right. If it doesn't, 309 00:16:16,280 --> 00:16:19,560 Speaker 1: then I'm I'm kind of boned, right, Yeah, I mean, 310 00:16:19,600 --> 00:16:22,760 Speaker 1: even in the horse case, I think it's still poisonous. Yeah, 311 00:16:22,800 --> 00:16:26,480 Speaker 1: it just has different sort of side effects and uh. 312 00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:30,080 Speaker 1: And in the Lorusa Dictionary World Folklore also mentioned that 313 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:33,880 Speaker 1: as an ointment, it could transform a sorcerer into a werewolf, 314 00:16:34,640 --> 00:16:37,400 Speaker 1: though obviously a very careful dosage would be needed to 315 00:16:37,400 --> 00:16:42,440 Speaker 1: avoid certain death um this uh And it's also mentioned 316 00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:45,840 Speaker 1: that it's possible that like a correct dosage level might 317 00:16:45,920 --> 00:16:51,320 Speaker 1: have created or helped to create an allucinogenic effect um, 318 00:16:51,360 --> 00:16:54,520 Speaker 1: which I'm not as sure about based on our reading, 319 00:16:54,960 --> 00:16:59,000 Speaker 1: especially you know, the descriptions of aconite poisoning keeping you 320 00:16:59,080 --> 00:17:02,560 Speaker 1: pretty uh stable in the mind up until the very end, 321 00:17:02,960 --> 00:17:07,040 Speaker 1: with some possible effects on how you're perceiving the world, 322 00:17:07,040 --> 00:17:09,959 Speaker 1: but not like a strong hallucinatory effect. So I'm not 323 00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:14,840 Speaker 1: so sure about sorcerers taken aconite and having a werewolf 324 00:17:15,119 --> 00:17:19,159 Speaker 1: paranormal experience, unless they are combining, say the physical numbers 325 00:17:19,200 --> 00:17:21,520 Speaker 1: with some other agent. Yeah. I might be jumping a 326 00:17:21,560 --> 00:17:23,679 Speaker 1: little bit ahead here, but I think I have a 327 00:17:23,760 --> 00:17:27,000 Speaker 1: theory for where this werewolf thing came from it and 328 00:17:27,119 --> 00:17:31,240 Speaker 1: maybe not the sorcerer's standpoint, from the people watching somebody 329 00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:34,800 Speaker 1: proclaiming themselves to be a sorcerer taking this stuff. So 330 00:17:34,920 --> 00:17:38,160 Speaker 1: there's two things. First of all, when you're poisoned by this, uh, 331 00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:41,320 Speaker 1: a lot of times you end up foaming at the mouth. Um, 332 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:44,520 Speaker 1: So there's clearly a connection there. In fact, there's a 333 00:17:44,560 --> 00:17:47,520 Speaker 1: there's a connection to the hellhound Cerebrius that we'll talk 334 00:17:47,560 --> 00:17:51,720 Speaker 1: about in a moment, But there's you know, also this 335 00:17:51,800 --> 00:17:56,200 Speaker 1: idea apparently that German berserkers used to take it right 336 00:17:56,200 --> 00:17:59,040 Speaker 1: before they would go into battle, because they wanted to 337 00:17:59,040 --> 00:18:02,199 Speaker 1: be mindless right before they went into a fight. And 338 00:18:02,400 --> 00:18:05,600 Speaker 1: again they would foam at the mouth, supposedly, So you 339 00:18:05,640 --> 00:18:08,320 Speaker 1: have these German berserkers running at you, foaming at the mouth, 340 00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:11,520 Speaker 1: and I can see where folklore would spin out from 341 00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:15,000 Speaker 1: that that like these men had turned themselves into beasts, 342 00:18:15,280 --> 00:18:19,359 Speaker 1: you know, somehow, and they're sacrificing their their humanity in 343 00:18:19,440 --> 00:18:22,880 Speaker 1: order to win the war. Remembering some of the various 344 00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:26,479 Speaker 1: symptoms of aconite poisoning. Though, It's like I'm imagining this 345 00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:29,520 Speaker 1: berserker running into battle. He's foaming at the mouth, he's 346 00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:32,639 Speaker 1: kind of numb all over, fierce diarrhea like you know, 347 00:18:32,760 --> 00:18:35,760 Speaker 1: so I guess vomiting, yeah, and then and then collapsing 348 00:18:35,840 --> 00:18:38,440 Speaker 1: and twitter. Yeah, it's definitely like, if you're going to 349 00:18:38,560 --> 00:18:40,840 Speaker 1: take this stuff, it's like a comic coze maneuver, right, 350 00:18:40,880 --> 00:18:43,400 Speaker 1: because there's no way you're coming back from that fight. Yeah, 351 00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:49,080 Speaker 1: I mean it seems like now in terms of causing werewolves. 352 00:18:49,080 --> 00:18:50,439 Speaker 1: So you know, we're not going to spend too much 353 00:18:50,480 --> 00:18:53,359 Speaker 1: more time on this podcast talking about werewolves, but I 354 00:18:53,720 --> 00:18:57,520 Speaker 1: did want to run through, uh many some of the 355 00:18:57,600 --> 00:18:59,920 Speaker 1: many ways you can turn into a werewolf according to 356 00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:03,840 Speaker 1: world folklore, and these come from Carol Rose is always 357 00:19:03,880 --> 00:19:07,680 Speaker 1: excellent Giants, Monsters and Dragons, Encyclopedia, Folklore, legend and myth. 358 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:10,560 Speaker 1: So let's just let's just roll back and back and 359 00:19:10,600 --> 00:19:14,800 Speaker 1: forth on this list here. First up, classic lunar induced transformation, 360 00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:17,480 Speaker 1: full moon pops out right turns into a wolf. And 361 00:19:17,520 --> 00:19:20,240 Speaker 1: then there's of course the curse, like somebody curses you 362 00:19:21,119 --> 00:19:24,160 Speaker 1: and you become a werewolf. Right. Then there's magical pelt 363 00:19:24,200 --> 00:19:26,840 Speaker 1: induced transformation, which we don't see enough of. You know, 364 00:19:27,280 --> 00:19:29,639 Speaker 1: work you wear the pelt of the wolf. Yeah, you 365 00:19:29,720 --> 00:19:32,199 Speaker 1: have like a magical wolf pelt. Put it on, and 366 00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:34,480 Speaker 1: then you become a wolf. All right. And then there's 367 00:19:34,520 --> 00:19:38,199 Speaker 1: something called new moon conception induced transformation. What's that? Just 368 00:19:38,280 --> 00:19:40,840 Speaker 1: when the moon is new you're going to see you 369 00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:43,879 Speaker 1: hearing a new moon, and then obviously you're gonna be 370 00:19:43,880 --> 00:19:47,280 Speaker 1: born a worlf. Oh interesting, okay, all right, here's a 371 00:19:47,359 --> 00:19:52,040 Speaker 1: here's a variation on that Friday full moon slumber induced transformation. 372 00:19:52,359 --> 00:19:56,000 Speaker 1: So um, this one is basically, there's a full moon 373 00:19:56,040 --> 00:19:59,200 Speaker 1: on a Friday, you sleep during it, Boom, your werewolf. 374 00:20:00,760 --> 00:20:02,879 Speaker 1: I would be in werewolf trouble done because that happens 375 00:20:02,880 --> 00:20:05,399 Speaker 1: a lot. Uh. And then there's of course, if a 376 00:20:05,400 --> 00:20:08,679 Speaker 1: wolf touched the water that you're consuming, that's something that 377 00:20:08,720 --> 00:20:11,520 Speaker 1: would theoretically turn you into a werewolf. Yeah, yeah, that 378 00:20:11,600 --> 00:20:14,600 Speaker 1: one that makes sense. It makes sense. Yeah, just you're 379 00:20:14,680 --> 00:20:18,280 Speaker 1: coming into sort of contact with the beast wolf. Brain 380 00:20:18,359 --> 00:20:20,720 Speaker 1: consumption induced transformation. So you eat the brain of a 381 00:20:20,760 --> 00:20:23,600 Speaker 1: wolf and then you you take on partially that the 382 00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:25,720 Speaker 1: mind and spirit of a wolf. And then so this 383 00:20:25,840 --> 00:20:29,000 Speaker 1: next one, it sounds like it's a wolf and human 384 00:20:29,119 --> 00:20:32,480 Speaker 1: flesh combined. You eat it, and then you become by 385 00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:34,840 Speaker 1: eating the two things together, you merge them so that 386 00:20:34,920 --> 00:20:38,560 Speaker 1: you're sort of a bipedal wolf creature. Yeah, okay, then 387 00:20:38,600 --> 00:20:40,760 Speaker 1: that's ancient Greek. Yeah, that's an ancient Greek one. They're 388 00:20:41,200 --> 00:20:45,080 Speaker 1: then besality induced transformation also makes sense. You're laying with 389 00:20:45,119 --> 00:20:48,960 Speaker 1: the beast, and therefore you're becoming partially beast. So Catherine 390 00:20:48,960 --> 00:20:52,080 Speaker 1: the Great would then like be half horse. I mean 391 00:20:52,119 --> 00:20:55,439 Speaker 1: if you buy into those smiths, right, Yeah, well I 392 00:20:55,520 --> 00:21:00,800 Speaker 1: buy into the wolf brain consumption one. Why wouldn't And oh, 393 00:21:00,840 --> 00:21:03,320 Speaker 1: well we've got you know, we've also got over zealous 394 00:21:03,440 --> 00:21:08,399 Speaker 1: Zeus worship transformation. So if you're you're two into Zeus, 395 00:21:09,160 --> 00:21:11,919 Speaker 1: there's a certain amount of worshiping Zeus that works. But 396 00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:14,760 Speaker 1: if you're too into Zeus, you can turn into a werewolf. Yes, 397 00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:17,000 Speaker 1: and that comes from the Greek myth of like canon 398 00:21:17,160 --> 00:21:20,600 Speaker 1: and uh, and there's some other details going on in 399 00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:22,560 Speaker 1: that story too, but essentially the route there is he 400 00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:26,200 Speaker 1: was just really over those Yeah. Uh, there's seasonal feast 401 00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:29,480 Speaker 1: induced transformation. M Herodotus talks about this a little bit 402 00:21:29,720 --> 00:21:33,840 Speaker 1: in his writings that they were uh Neru tribal sorcerers 403 00:21:33,880 --> 00:21:38,119 Speaker 1: who would just turn it the occasional you know, seasonal feast. 404 00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:40,679 Speaker 1: And of course there's witchcraft, which is similar to the 405 00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:43,440 Speaker 1: curse thing. We've we've seen that as an origin story. 406 00:21:43,480 --> 00:21:46,520 Speaker 1: I think in some of the sort of modern fiction, right, Yeah, 407 00:21:46,760 --> 00:21:49,000 Speaker 1: that it's a curse. They're creating sort of a I 408 00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:52,200 Speaker 1: don't know, like a beastial bodyguard or something, or cursing 409 00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:53,879 Speaker 1: an enemy. And you see that popping up in a 410 00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:57,520 Speaker 1: witchcraft trial accounts as well, Like this guy here, he 411 00:21:57,680 --> 00:22:00,240 Speaker 1: clearly turned into a wolf and he was killing pool 412 00:22:00,240 --> 00:22:02,000 Speaker 1: in the in the area. So we're going to take 413 00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:05,120 Speaker 1: care of him and then finally have by having eaten 414 00:22:05,240 --> 00:22:10,080 Speaker 1: certain certain herbs, namely wolf spain. So they didn't list 415 00:22:10,200 --> 00:22:12,600 Speaker 1: the one that I think of as like the primary method, 416 00:22:12,640 --> 00:22:16,040 Speaker 1: which is being bitten or clawed at by a werewolf. Yeah, 417 00:22:16,119 --> 00:22:19,359 Speaker 1: she didn't mention that in the werewolf entry, which makes 418 00:22:19,359 --> 00:22:24,360 Speaker 1: me wonder to what extent that was just uh borrowed 419 00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:28,040 Speaker 1: from the vampire mythology. Yea, for Hollywood purposes. It's an 420 00:22:28,040 --> 00:22:31,560 Speaker 1: easy way to make a werewolf in in a movie. Uh, 421 00:22:31,600 --> 00:22:33,680 Speaker 1: and then you've got you you end up tracing it 422 00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:36,120 Speaker 1: back to a kind of chicken or egg type situation, right, 423 00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:39,280 Speaker 1: like how did how did the first werewolf become a werewolf? 424 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:40,520 Speaker 1: So it's gonna be one of those things that we 425 00:22:40,560 --> 00:22:43,359 Speaker 1: can mentioned because anytime you can introduce a contagion into 426 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:47,840 Speaker 1: your your horror story or your monster mythology, you know, 427 00:22:47,880 --> 00:22:52,040 Speaker 1: it makes it, It makes it all the more pervasive. Yeah, 428 00:22:52,119 --> 00:22:56,439 Speaker 1: so we mentioned um Cerebus earlier. Yeah, so okay, so 429 00:22:56,480 --> 00:23:00,119 Speaker 1: the service thing is really interesting. The idea here is 430 00:23:00,160 --> 00:23:03,720 Speaker 1: from Greek myth and I think it's Hercules was fighting 431 00:23:03,760 --> 00:23:07,199 Speaker 1: Cerebrus or dragging it up. He drag it up um 432 00:23:07,800 --> 00:23:12,040 Speaker 1: him her Yeah, I think it's male in the mythos, 433 00:23:12,119 --> 00:23:14,840 Speaker 1: but I'm not a percent sure about that. But uh. 434 00:23:15,040 --> 00:23:18,639 Speaker 1: And then as he was dragging it up from from Hades, 435 00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:23,520 Speaker 1: Cerberus was drooling as three headed dogs do, and the 436 00:23:23,640 --> 00:23:26,359 Speaker 1: drool fell on the ground. And where it fell is 437 00:23:26,440 --> 00:23:30,879 Speaker 1: where wolf spane first started to grow or aconite. And 438 00:23:30,920 --> 00:23:33,159 Speaker 1: that sounds logical. You have a magical beast, it's coming up, 439 00:23:33,200 --> 00:23:36,320 Speaker 1: it's drooling all over the place. Natural things are gonna happen. Yeah, 440 00:23:36,320 --> 00:23:38,600 Speaker 1: I mean, just as logical as like drinking the same 441 00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:40,720 Speaker 1: water as a wolf would turn you into a whirl wolf. 442 00:23:40,760 --> 00:23:44,080 Speaker 1: So yeah, I follow it. It's a good story though. 443 00:23:44,080 --> 00:23:47,400 Speaker 1: I this is one of those like when Hercules did 444 00:23:47,480 --> 00:23:50,320 Speaker 1: like the various labors, right, yeah, this was definitely one 445 00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:53,879 Speaker 1: of the labors. Yeah, yeah, that's cool. Yeah, thanks Hercules, 446 00:23:54,720 --> 00:23:58,600 Speaker 1: thanks for Yeah, you got popular, Hercules, and you were 447 00:23:58,640 --> 00:24:00,760 Speaker 1: able to prove that you're a legend and the rest 448 00:24:00,760 --> 00:24:04,920 Speaker 1: of us got werewolves. Yeah. And poisoning, so okay, wolf Spain. 449 00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:08,680 Speaker 1: We've talked about how poisonous this stuff is and how 450 00:24:08,720 --> 00:24:12,439 Speaker 1: it's so reviled that it's connected to this long lore 451 00:24:12,760 --> 00:24:17,280 Speaker 1: of werewolves in uh, most cultures. Right, whether it's whether 452 00:24:17,320 --> 00:24:19,880 Speaker 1: it's a cure or whether it's a poison to werewolves, 453 00:24:19,920 --> 00:24:23,359 Speaker 1: it's connected to them somehow. So how is it People 454 00:24:23,440 --> 00:24:26,520 Speaker 1: have used it though as medicine for centuries as well, 455 00:24:26,960 --> 00:24:30,480 Speaker 1: And we think that that maybe where the sort of 456 00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:35,720 Speaker 1: cure for werewolf is um comes from. Yes, certainly like cantherropy. Yeah, 457 00:24:35,800 --> 00:24:38,280 Speaker 1: let's use the D and D language here. Yeah, certainly 458 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:42,320 Speaker 1: in in western traditions and uh and there and something 459 00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:46,239 Speaker 1: too that you have medieval witches that you know, at 460 00:24:46,280 --> 00:24:49,560 Speaker 1: least those individuals who are actually tied to traditional um 461 00:24:49,680 --> 00:24:53,359 Speaker 1: traditions of using native verbs in the treatment of maladies 462 00:24:53,800 --> 00:24:56,639 Speaker 1: UM as opposed to individuals who are just caught up 463 00:24:56,680 --> 00:25:00,240 Speaker 1: in the storm of which gap persecution those individuals, I'd 464 00:25:00,359 --> 00:25:04,480 Speaker 1: have utilized wolf Spain for its curative properties or even 465 00:25:04,680 --> 00:25:07,120 Speaker 1: you know, in some cases it's destructive properties. Yeah, even 466 00:25:07,160 --> 00:25:10,000 Speaker 1: outside of the whole wolf span thing. Again, remember there's 467 00:25:10,040 --> 00:25:13,520 Speaker 1: two sort of subclassifications here in Monkshood as one of them, 468 00:25:13,520 --> 00:25:17,320 Speaker 1: and Monkshood was also associated with black magic and dark medicines, 469 00:25:17,760 --> 00:25:21,200 Speaker 1: and you know, obviously because of its poisonous trades. Meanwhile, 470 00:25:21,320 --> 00:25:24,600 Speaker 1: over you know, across the continent and the relatively werewolf 471 00:25:24,680 --> 00:25:28,720 Speaker 1: free region of China, you see aconite used for about 472 00:25:28,720 --> 00:25:32,800 Speaker 1: two thousand years UM as an essential drug and traditional 473 00:25:32,880 --> 00:25:36,399 Speaker 1: Chinese medicine. Uh. And a number of these details about 474 00:25:36,440 --> 00:25:39,359 Speaker 1: this got this from an article published in the two 475 00:25:39,400 --> 00:25:43,160 Speaker 1: thousand and nine edition of the Journal of ethno Pharmacology 476 00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:47,480 Speaker 1: titled Aconitum in Traditional Chinese Medicine Valuable drug or an 477 00:25:47,560 --> 00:25:52,960 Speaker 1: unpredictable risk question mark because because because it all comes 478 00:25:52,960 --> 00:25:56,520 Speaker 1: down to, uh, you know, the the toxicity levels that 479 00:25:56,560 --> 00:25:59,840 Speaker 1: we're still debating this, Yeah, that we're still like, yeah, 480 00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:02,040 Speaker 1: maybe I mentioned this to a friend of mine this morning, 481 00:26:02,040 --> 00:26:05,040 Speaker 1: and he compared it to chemotherapy. He was like, well, yeah, 482 00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:06,639 Speaker 1: I mean think about it. It's you know, a thing 483 00:26:06,760 --> 00:26:09,960 Speaker 1: that's like really you know, ultimately like causing you pain 484 00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:12,600 Speaker 1: and is really dangerous to your body. But yeah, I 485 00:26:12,640 --> 00:26:14,480 Speaker 1: mean when you look at a lot of a lot 486 00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:17,280 Speaker 1: of the the naturally occurring agents that we use in 487 00:26:17,320 --> 00:26:21,680 Speaker 1: traditional medicines or even just call it for culinary use, spices, 488 00:26:22,200 --> 00:26:26,080 Speaker 1: uh at a at A at an appropriate levels, these 489 00:26:26,359 --> 00:26:30,200 Speaker 1: can add flavor to your dish. At at higher levels, 490 00:26:30,600 --> 00:26:34,600 Speaker 1: they can prove toxic to your body. And uh, and 491 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:37,000 Speaker 1: that's just that kind of ties into what they're originally 492 00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:40,000 Speaker 1: there for. There there is a plant's chemical defense system, 493 00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:42,920 Speaker 1: and we've found ways to hijack a lot of these 494 00:26:42,920 --> 00:26:45,879 Speaker 1: defense systems for our own benefit. Yeah, that's kind of 495 00:26:45,880 --> 00:26:48,760 Speaker 1: the miraculous thing, right of like how human cultures over 496 00:26:48,800 --> 00:26:51,400 Speaker 1: the years figured all these things out, Like how many 497 00:26:51,440 --> 00:26:53,879 Speaker 1: people had to like touch it to their lips and 498 00:26:53,920 --> 00:26:57,360 Speaker 1: die or eat a certain quantity before they figured out 499 00:26:57,440 --> 00:27:00,520 Speaker 1: exactly the right amount that they could use from medicinal purposes. 500 00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:04,280 Speaker 1: And in this in this Chinese usage, uh, it's it's 501 00:27:04,400 --> 00:27:06,679 Speaker 1: very clear that they have to process it in an 502 00:27:06,760 --> 00:27:09,720 Speaker 1: elaborate way for it to be safe. That's right. There's 503 00:27:09,960 --> 00:27:13,680 Speaker 1: there are these traditional Chinese processing methods referred to as 504 00:27:14,359 --> 00:27:20,040 Speaker 1: pal z, which play an essential role in detoxifying the aconite. 505 00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:25,000 Speaker 1: So typically the pal z consists of, you know, several 506 00:27:25,040 --> 00:27:27,679 Speaker 1: different methods of heating the substance, So you're roasting it 507 00:27:27,840 --> 00:27:31,240 Speaker 1: your honey, frying at your wine, frying at earth, frying 508 00:27:31,280 --> 00:27:35,000 Speaker 1: at vinegar, frying at or various other means. And uh, 509 00:27:35,119 --> 00:27:38,320 Speaker 1: and and we also have additional modern methods which basically 510 00:27:38,680 --> 00:27:42,000 Speaker 1: boil down to the same thing, using heat to detoxify 511 00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:45,080 Speaker 1: it to a level to where you can can consume it. 512 00:27:45,240 --> 00:27:49,680 Speaker 1: So we're like burning off the alkaloid content. Yeah, basic basically, yeah, 513 00:27:49,880 --> 00:27:52,320 Speaker 1: boiling it down, burning it off to the level where 514 00:27:52,359 --> 00:27:54,679 Speaker 1: you can take advantage of the benefits without having to 515 00:27:54,720 --> 00:28:00,119 Speaker 1: worry as much about poisoning yourself. And all told, the 516 00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:05,399 Speaker 1: the palsy process reduces the alkaloid content by up to Wow. Wow, 517 00:28:05,440 --> 00:28:08,639 Speaker 1: that's interesting, Uh, because I don't really recall like a 518 00:28:08,680 --> 00:28:13,040 Speaker 1: process like that in the literature on the European usages. 519 00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:15,760 Speaker 1: It's more like tintshare type stuff that they're making. Yeah, 520 00:28:15,800 --> 00:28:18,600 Speaker 1: you're more playing with fire. Yeah, it's like one part 521 00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:20,800 Speaker 1: per It's in the notes, but it's like one part 522 00:28:20,840 --> 00:28:22,800 Speaker 1: per fifty or something like that is what you do. 523 00:28:23,119 --> 00:28:26,200 Speaker 1: So okay, so they've got this elaborate process they reduce 524 00:28:26,280 --> 00:28:29,800 Speaker 1: the amount of alkaloids that's in there. Uh, what are 525 00:28:29,840 --> 00:28:32,000 Speaker 1: they using it for in particular? Like, what is it 526 00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:35,480 Speaker 1: a cure for? Well, not a cure, but I guess 527 00:28:35,480 --> 00:28:37,400 Speaker 1: a remedy. Well, first of all, I should I should 528 00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:40,800 Speaker 1: draw a finer line on on how it actually works. Uh, 529 00:28:40,920 --> 00:28:43,240 Speaker 1: so everyone can get an idea here. So it acts 530 00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:47,120 Speaker 1: on the voltage sensitive sodium channels of the cell membranes 531 00:28:47,240 --> 00:28:52,760 Speaker 1: of excitable tissues, including tissue with the heart, nerves, and muscles. Um, 532 00:28:52,840 --> 00:28:56,160 Speaker 1: So it stimulates and then and then if the dosages 533 00:28:56,400 --> 00:28:59,640 Speaker 1: sign up later paralyzes the nerves. And if it's a 534 00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:02,640 Speaker 1: I had to broken skin, the initial tangling becomes a 535 00:29:03,280 --> 00:29:08,080 Speaker 1: kind of an anesthetic. Yeah. So that's what I recalled 536 00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:11,640 Speaker 1: reading about the European variations. And but one of the 537 00:29:11,680 --> 00:29:14,280 Speaker 1: things was that they never ingested. It's always used as 538 00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:17,000 Speaker 1: like an ointment or something like that, because ingestion would 539 00:29:17,040 --> 00:29:20,680 Speaker 1: obviously increase the amount of risk that this alkaloid is 540 00:29:20,680 --> 00:29:24,880 Speaker 1: going to be interacting with your cells. So I'm assuming 541 00:29:25,040 --> 00:29:29,040 Speaker 1: that this Chinese variation is also not eaten. Yeah, I 542 00:29:29,040 --> 00:29:33,800 Speaker 1: believe so, especially based on on that that significant detoxification. 543 00:29:34,440 --> 00:29:38,360 Speaker 1: Again the ideal to detoxification, because the vast majority of 544 00:29:38,400 --> 00:29:42,840 Speaker 1: aconite poisonings that still occur in China and India, um 545 00:29:43,120 --> 00:29:48,480 Speaker 1: throughout Asia are due to um incorrect levels medicine. Yeah. Yeah, 546 00:29:48,520 --> 00:29:50,960 Speaker 1: so presumably, I mean, even though you're burning off n 547 00:29:51,520 --> 00:29:54,000 Speaker 1: of it during that process, if you take enough of it, 548 00:29:54,040 --> 00:29:56,920 Speaker 1: you're going to be poisoning. Yeah, yeah, exactly. Yeah, Okay, 549 00:29:57,000 --> 00:30:02,600 Speaker 1: So it's used homeopathically, right, Yeah, you see homeopathic uses 550 00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:05,760 Speaker 1: of aconite to treat stress, um stress, you see. You 551 00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:08,080 Speaker 1: see it as a treatment for stress and in various 552 00:30:08,080 --> 00:30:11,320 Speaker 1: stuff not used to Chinese culture, but also a cold relief, 553 00:30:11,520 --> 00:30:14,680 Speaker 1: pain relief, aches and pain. Yeah. I read that the 554 00:30:14,800 --> 00:30:17,960 Speaker 1: Greeks used to use it specifically for eye pain, and 555 00:30:17,960 --> 00:30:21,320 Speaker 1: so I'm curious about that because do you do you 556 00:30:21,360 --> 00:30:23,920 Speaker 1: make like eye drops and drop it in there or 557 00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:28,040 Speaker 1: do you And it's particularly uh, you know, as we 558 00:30:28,040 --> 00:30:30,200 Speaker 1: were talking about that gardener earlier who has hurt, it's 559 00:30:30,200 --> 00:30:34,880 Speaker 1: particularly bad if you get the alkaloid directly in your eye. Um, 560 00:30:34,920 --> 00:30:37,680 Speaker 1: so that that was curious to me. But you know, yeah, 561 00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:41,920 Speaker 1: in all cultures in the European and Chinese uses, uh, 562 00:30:42,200 --> 00:30:46,720 Speaker 1: they're using it to treat pains, agitation, indigestion, all kinds 563 00:30:46,720 --> 00:30:51,840 Speaker 1: of conditions. Um, I read facial paralysis is one. Uh 564 00:30:51,880 --> 00:30:56,920 Speaker 1: in particular, Uh, it's used for um neuralgia. So if 565 00:30:56,960 --> 00:31:00,080 Speaker 1: you have like facial neuralgia, you take an ointment of 566 00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:03,640 Speaker 1: this and you rub it on the area until it's 567 00:31:03,720 --> 00:31:06,320 Speaker 1: numb so that you're no longer feeling pain. So it's 568 00:31:06,320 --> 00:31:08,720 Speaker 1: a pain killer. So yeah, yeah, yeah. In addition to 569 00:31:08,720 --> 00:31:12,600 Speaker 1: to facial processes, you used to joint pain, gout, finger numbness, 570 00:31:12,680 --> 00:31:15,640 Speaker 1: cold hands and feet, which granted would be due to 571 00:31:15,840 --> 00:31:19,960 Speaker 1: other conditions and not just feeling kind of cold, drafting 572 00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:23,880 Speaker 1: socks on. Why don't we take some poison, inflammation, painful 573 00:31:23,920 --> 00:31:29,120 Speaker 1: breathing fluid in the space surrounding the lungs, certain heart problems, fever, 574 00:31:29,240 --> 00:31:33,280 Speaker 1: skin diseases, hair loss, even which seems like a stretch. 575 00:31:33,400 --> 00:31:36,320 Speaker 1: But but yeah, I mean, I guess the thing is 576 00:31:36,360 --> 00:31:39,240 Speaker 1: it's basic numbing feature, Like it's something you can definitely 577 00:31:39,240 --> 00:31:43,840 Speaker 1: you can definitely feel feel. An aconite derived medication working 578 00:31:43,840 --> 00:31:45,720 Speaker 1: in your system. So even if you're just going to 579 00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:48,880 Speaker 1: apply to Polsebo effect, you can say, oh, I feel different, 580 00:31:49,200 --> 00:31:52,040 Speaker 1: and maybe that that difference on feeling is treating it. 581 00:31:52,120 --> 00:31:55,160 Speaker 1: I would imagine that it works somewhat like a tranquilizer 582 00:31:55,320 --> 00:31:58,320 Speaker 1: in certain doses. Right, So I know that in some 583 00:31:58,400 --> 00:32:00,760 Speaker 1: of the instances they use it to treat anxiety and 584 00:32:00,800 --> 00:32:04,360 Speaker 1: nervous disorders, especially like what we would today called post 585 00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:06,680 Speaker 1: traumatic stress disorder. But like if you had a traumatic 586 00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:11,920 Speaker 1: event in your life and you were subsequently having trouble 587 00:32:11,960 --> 00:32:14,360 Speaker 1: dealing with it, they would give you this because of 588 00:32:14,360 --> 00:32:16,480 Speaker 1: that what we were talking about, that clear headed, kind 589 00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:20,440 Speaker 1: of mind numbing feeling of it that the German berserkers 590 00:32:20,440 --> 00:32:24,400 Speaker 1: would use for a very different effect. Yeah, so even 591 00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:29,080 Speaker 1: if it's not able to directly treat the condition that's 592 00:32:29,120 --> 00:32:32,360 Speaker 1: ailing you, it could at least have some effect on 593 00:32:32,400 --> 00:32:36,480 Speaker 1: your stress level surrounding that condition. So but I'm curious, 594 00:32:36,520 --> 00:32:40,080 Speaker 1: like the literature made it sound like there are places 595 00:32:40,120 --> 00:32:42,480 Speaker 1: in the world right now that people are still using 596 00:32:42,520 --> 00:32:47,720 Speaker 1: it ways, uh, through throughout throughout China and India. Um, 597 00:32:47,800 --> 00:32:50,840 Speaker 1: and then you see it used homeopathically here in the West. 598 00:32:51,200 --> 00:32:53,640 Speaker 1: I wonder if anybody out there who's listening as has 599 00:32:53,720 --> 00:32:55,800 Speaker 1: used it before, and if they have, I'd love to 600 00:32:55,840 --> 00:32:58,360 Speaker 1: hear from you what the effects are like. Is it 601 00:32:58,480 --> 00:33:01,480 Speaker 1: just like you know, tranquilized are kind of anesthetic or 602 00:33:01,560 --> 00:33:06,000 Speaker 1: is it different? But it you know, that's the that's 603 00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:08,840 Speaker 1: the curative side, that's the medicinal side. Now let's get 604 00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:11,040 Speaker 1: into the nasty because we would also love to hear 605 00:33:11,040 --> 00:33:13,600 Speaker 1: from any listeners who have been shot with an aconite 606 00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:16,760 Speaker 1: laced arrow. Yeah, yeah, anybody out there who's used it 607 00:33:16,800 --> 00:33:19,560 Speaker 1: as a biological weapon. And that was one of the 608 00:33:19,600 --> 00:33:22,440 Speaker 1: things that I kept thinking about when I was looking 609 00:33:22,440 --> 00:33:25,440 Speaker 1: at this research, was like, Wow, like, I'm surprised that 610 00:33:25,480 --> 00:33:30,640 Speaker 1: there aren't more like poison assassination kind of attempts regarding 611 00:33:30,680 --> 00:33:33,960 Speaker 1: this because from what I was reading, uh, it essentially 612 00:33:34,000 --> 00:33:36,840 Speaker 1: just looks like the person is fixiated. There aren't traces 613 00:33:36,880 --> 00:33:39,640 Speaker 1: of this stuff after it's been ingested, Yeah, because it 614 00:33:39,720 --> 00:33:43,040 Speaker 1: seems it's it's relatively easy to cultivate and acquire, so 615 00:33:43,240 --> 00:33:46,560 Speaker 1: you would think there would be more cases of nefarious 616 00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:50,200 Speaker 1: agonite poisoning. Maybe there are, Maybe there are, and we 617 00:33:50,320 --> 00:33:53,960 Speaker 1: just don't know because because it doesn't leave that much 618 00:33:53,960 --> 00:33:57,600 Speaker 1: of a trace behind. But Uh. It has been considered 619 00:33:57,640 --> 00:34:00,880 Speaker 1: the most dangerous and poisonous plant in all of Europe 620 00:34:00,880 --> 00:34:03,840 Speaker 1: though for a long time, and in European art it's 621 00:34:03,840 --> 00:34:07,200 Speaker 1: been depicted as a symbol of death uh and used 622 00:34:07,320 --> 00:34:10,920 Speaker 1: in rich as ritual poison in certain societies. So kind 623 00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:13,839 Speaker 1: of Jim Jones kool aid type thing. It sounds like 624 00:34:14,000 --> 00:34:16,240 Speaker 1: it's crazy, how so much of this is lost beneath 625 00:34:16,480 --> 00:34:19,360 Speaker 1: the you know, vague mentions in werewolf myths, because again 626 00:34:19,680 --> 00:34:22,239 Speaker 1: it sounds like just this fanciful thing that oh it 627 00:34:22,239 --> 00:34:24,160 Speaker 1: it has. It almost sounds like it would have no 628 00:34:24,239 --> 00:34:27,360 Speaker 1: effect on anything but a werewolf. But in in effect, 629 00:34:27,520 --> 00:34:29,400 Speaker 1: it's like saying, oh, you need to kill a werewolf, 630 00:34:29,520 --> 00:34:33,240 Speaker 1: why don't you try using dynamite, which would work against 631 00:34:33,239 --> 00:34:37,560 Speaker 1: most things, right, Yeah, exactly. Yeah, So, um, how does 632 00:34:37,600 --> 00:34:40,799 Speaker 1: it kill you? Yeah? I'm assuming the way that it 633 00:34:40,880 --> 00:34:44,040 Speaker 1: kills you is the same way that it makes you 634 00:34:44,080 --> 00:34:48,279 Speaker 1: feel numb, right, basically just an enhanced version, enhanced version 635 00:34:48,280 --> 00:34:51,279 Speaker 1: of that. Yeah. So based on another research we were 636 00:34:51,320 --> 00:34:53,000 Speaker 1: doing it, it it seems like it would roll out like this. 637 00:34:53,239 --> 00:34:56,520 Speaker 1: First of all, your poisoned in some way. Either you're 638 00:34:56,920 --> 00:35:00,040 Speaker 1: either say the enemy has has poisoned the well and 639 00:35:00,040 --> 00:35:03,720 Speaker 1: your drinking poison water or you've been shot, stabbed, or 640 00:35:04,120 --> 00:35:08,560 Speaker 1: or bludgeoned with with a wolf vane laced weapon. Right, 641 00:35:08,880 --> 00:35:14,120 Speaker 1: so after that shock, you're gonna get a station of burning, tingling, 642 00:35:14,320 --> 00:35:16,640 Speaker 1: numb just in the mouth, which I guess might be 643 00:35:16,960 --> 00:35:18,719 Speaker 1: kind of nice at first, since you're not feeling that 644 00:35:18,880 --> 00:35:21,840 Speaker 1: arrow poking on your exactly. Then there's a burning in 645 00:35:21,880 --> 00:35:26,680 Speaker 1: your abdomen, and it said that death usually supervenes at 646 00:35:26,719 --> 00:35:29,640 Speaker 1: this point before the numbing effect on the intestine can 647 00:35:29,640 --> 00:35:32,399 Speaker 1: be observed. But but that's where it goes next, right, 648 00:35:32,640 --> 00:35:37,640 Speaker 1: and pretty soon you're vomiting. Yeah, And so to clarify, 649 00:35:37,800 --> 00:35:41,440 Speaker 1: like the same thing, like this neurotoxin is opening up 650 00:35:41,480 --> 00:35:44,960 Speaker 1: sodium channels inside your body, which caused the tingling, but 651 00:35:45,040 --> 00:35:48,520 Speaker 1: it also spreads throughout your entire body. Right, it's essentially 652 00:35:49,480 --> 00:35:54,000 Speaker 1: paralyzing your circulatory and respiratory system, and that's what leads 653 00:35:54,040 --> 00:35:57,200 Speaker 1: to death. Yeah. Yeah, you end up dying from asphyxia 654 00:35:57,880 --> 00:36:01,440 Speaker 1: and and through all this though you're supposedly conscious and 655 00:36:01,480 --> 00:36:06,080 Speaker 1: clear minded to the last. So you're standing set, you're 656 00:36:06,160 --> 00:36:10,480 Speaker 1: laying there on the battlefield staring at this arrow protruding 657 00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:13,640 Speaker 1: from your shoulder, and you're thinking, oh, well, I'm not 658 00:36:13,680 --> 00:36:16,520 Speaker 1: really feeling this arrow all that much. Um, I'm kind 659 00:36:16,520 --> 00:36:20,360 Speaker 1: of numb. Must be the aconite, must be the wolf spane. Um, 660 00:36:20,400 --> 00:36:22,800 Speaker 1: I guess I'm not long for this world. Uh yeah, 661 00:36:22,880 --> 00:36:27,120 Speaker 1: And it's just, uh, you know, it basically sounds like 662 00:36:27,200 --> 00:36:31,800 Speaker 1: all of the symptoms of like the worst possible cold 663 00:36:32,080 --> 00:36:35,120 Speaker 1: hitting you suddenly right, or like flue right. Like You're 664 00:36:35,239 --> 00:36:40,160 Speaker 1: you're dizzy, you're nauseous, you're vomiting, your motor skills start 665 00:36:40,239 --> 00:36:44,440 Speaker 1: slowing down and becoming weak. You your circulatory system slows down, 666 00:36:44,520 --> 00:36:48,080 Speaker 1: your respiration slows down, and then boom that leads to 667 00:36:48,120 --> 00:36:51,480 Speaker 1: you being unconscious and then followed up by you're dead. 668 00:36:51,680 --> 00:36:56,600 Speaker 1: Because within an hour of consuming it, it can kill somebody. Uh. 669 00:36:56,640 --> 00:36:58,920 Speaker 1: And like we said, it's it's, you know, the death 670 00:36:59,239 --> 00:37:01,440 Speaker 1: for the most part, from the asphyxia, not from the 671 00:37:01,560 --> 00:37:06,080 Speaker 1: arrow wound or the knife wound or whatever however it's delivered. Uh. 672 00:37:06,600 --> 00:37:11,280 Speaker 1: And the only post mortem signs are from asphyxia. UM. 673 00:37:11,320 --> 00:37:14,239 Speaker 1: And there aren't a lot of ways to treat this. 674 00:37:15,160 --> 00:37:19,279 Speaker 1: UM that nineteen eleven Encyclopedia Britannic I was looking at. 675 00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:23,200 Speaker 1: They suggested emptying the stomach by tube, which I don't 676 00:37:23,200 --> 00:37:26,800 Speaker 1: know is is necessarily how we'd handle it today. Um, 677 00:37:26,840 --> 00:37:30,200 Speaker 1: but they did that. There are a couple of antidotes, atropine, 678 00:37:30,680 --> 00:37:36,320 Speaker 1: digitalent and strophantathine. All of those, if they're injected subcutaneously, 679 00:37:36,360 --> 00:37:40,359 Speaker 1: I think can counteract these effects. Uh. And then this 680 00:37:40,440 --> 00:37:44,200 Speaker 1: was the old like the old wives tail remedy that 681 00:37:44,239 --> 00:37:46,680 Speaker 1: I found that was listed was that you take olive 682 00:37:46,719 --> 00:37:49,520 Speaker 1: oil and you mix it with laurel berries and the 683 00:37:49,640 --> 00:37:53,080 Speaker 1: corpses of several dozen flies. But they have to be 684 00:37:53,120 --> 00:37:56,439 Speaker 1: flies that have fed on the foliage of aconite. So 685 00:37:56,640 --> 00:37:59,640 Speaker 1: you have to have this brood ahead of time basically exactly, 686 00:37:59,680 --> 00:38:02,919 Speaker 1: and you have to cultivate uh wolf spane in order 687 00:38:03,040 --> 00:38:06,960 Speaker 1: to harvest the flies and therefore remain in fairly close 688 00:38:07,000 --> 00:38:10,839 Speaker 1: contact with the poisonous substance exactly. Yeah, So it's not 689 00:38:11,400 --> 00:38:13,480 Speaker 1: this is probably not going to be a remedy that's 690 00:38:13,520 --> 00:38:17,200 Speaker 1: on the hand. Within the hour you've got to live basically, 691 00:38:17,280 --> 00:38:20,319 Speaker 1: unless you've got like a uh you know, some kind 692 00:38:20,320 --> 00:38:24,400 Speaker 1: of witch doctor medicine woman in town who just happens 693 00:38:24,400 --> 00:38:26,920 Speaker 1: to have this concoction pre made. Yeah, or if you 694 00:38:26,960 --> 00:38:28,880 Speaker 1: happen to have some some on the battlefield with you, 695 00:38:29,200 --> 00:38:32,520 Speaker 1: because we see, for instance in Nepaul, where you have 696 00:38:32,560 --> 00:38:35,919 Speaker 1: a particularly poisonous variety of wolf spaane um. Uh. There 697 00:38:35,960 --> 00:38:39,279 Speaker 1: there was a long history of warriors using it, using 698 00:38:39,280 --> 00:38:42,600 Speaker 1: the flower to tip their arrows or poison enemy wells. 699 00:38:43,600 --> 00:38:47,800 Speaker 1: And interestingly enough, the Odyssey mentions Ulysses traveling to Eperos 700 00:38:47,920 --> 00:38:50,960 Speaker 1: to collect arrow poison, and some people believe that some 701 00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:56,080 Speaker 1: historians believe that this was aconite. Yeah, uh yeah, And 702 00:38:56,120 --> 00:38:59,319 Speaker 1: I mean it's just been used throughout history in a 703 00:38:59,320 --> 00:39:01,880 Speaker 1: lot of different way, is right. Obviously the Greeks have 704 00:39:01,920 --> 00:39:06,200 Speaker 1: a history of you you mentioned Nepaul, China, but then 705 00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:10,080 Speaker 1: there's also apparently the Nazis were looking at ways to 706 00:39:10,239 --> 00:39:14,280 Speaker 1: use it to lace bullets. Yeah. This, uh, this comes 707 00:39:14,440 --> 00:39:19,200 Speaker 1: out of the concentration camp experiments. So it's mentioned in 708 00:39:19,239 --> 00:39:24,680 Speaker 1: the Nuremberg trial proceedings um quote. On eleventh of September, 709 00:39:25,719 --> 00:39:29,359 Speaker 1: in the presence of ss uh Strum Bunfu, Dr Ding, 710 00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:34,760 Speaker 1: Dr Woodman and the undersigned, experiments with aconite nitrate bullets 711 00:39:34,800 --> 00:39:37,600 Speaker 1: were carried out on five persons who had been sentenced 712 00:39:37,600 --> 00:39:39,959 Speaker 1: to death. The caliber of the bullets used was seven 713 00:39:39,960 --> 00:39:43,440 Speaker 1: point sixty five millimeters and they were filled with poison 714 00:39:43,480 --> 00:39:46,560 Speaker 1: and crystal form. Each subject of the experiment received one 715 00:39:46,600 --> 00:39:48,800 Speaker 1: shot in the upper part of the left thigh while 716 00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:51,360 Speaker 1: in a horizontal position. In the case of two persons, 717 00:39:51,480 --> 00:39:54,560 Speaker 1: the bullets passed clean through the upper part of the thigh. 718 00:39:54,880 --> 00:39:57,600 Speaker 1: Even later, no effect from the poison could be seen. 719 00:39:57,880 --> 00:40:01,279 Speaker 1: These two subjects were therefore rejected, so essentially it was 720 00:40:01,320 --> 00:40:03,799 Speaker 1: a failed experiment. It didn't seem to have anything. You 721 00:40:03,840 --> 00:40:08,160 Speaker 1: hear about these Nazi like science experiments that were conducted 722 00:40:08,600 --> 00:40:12,160 Speaker 1: on human prisoners and it's it's mind blowing, but this, 723 00:40:12,160 --> 00:40:16,680 Speaker 1: this one in particular, I just can't imagine, I mean 724 00:40:16,760 --> 00:40:22,080 Speaker 1: knowing even like from the nineteen eleven Britannica Encyclopedia that 725 00:40:22,120 --> 00:40:25,799 Speaker 1: I was reading from her earlier, it pretty clearly understood 726 00:40:25,840 --> 00:40:28,680 Speaker 1: the effects of it and how it worked. So filling 727 00:40:28,719 --> 00:40:32,640 Speaker 1: a bullet with crystallized wolf spain seems like it wouldn't 728 00:40:32,640 --> 00:40:35,360 Speaker 1: work to me, because how is it gonna come in 729 00:40:35,480 --> 00:40:39,439 Speaker 1: contact with your your your skin, or your circulation, even 730 00:40:39,440 --> 00:40:41,880 Speaker 1: if it's going through your body still protected by a 731 00:40:41,920 --> 00:40:44,960 Speaker 1: metal casing. Yeah, I mean, you can say this for 732 00:40:44,960 --> 00:40:47,120 Speaker 1: a lot of the experiments it took case that took 733 00:40:47,120 --> 00:40:51,360 Speaker 1: place under these circumstances, though it seems very misguided because 734 00:40:51,400 --> 00:40:55,000 Speaker 1: it's you're taking an old notion of of of poisoned 735 00:40:55,080 --> 00:40:57,840 Speaker 1: weaponry and trying to apply it to modern ballistics in 736 00:40:57,880 --> 00:40:59,320 Speaker 1: a way it doesn't really match it out. Like I know, 737 00:40:59,360 --> 00:41:04,920 Speaker 1: there have been other experiments into poisoning bullets in various ways, 738 00:41:04,920 --> 00:41:07,560 Speaker 1: but I can't think of a single one offhand where 739 00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:11,879 Speaker 1: where there was any real level of success with poison munitions. Yeah, 740 00:41:11,880 --> 00:41:13,920 Speaker 1: and it just sounds to me too like it was 741 00:41:13,960 --> 00:41:16,560 Speaker 1: even something like they probably knew it wasn't going to work, 742 00:41:16,560 --> 00:41:18,239 Speaker 1: but it was just sort of a sick way to 743 00:41:18,239 --> 00:41:23,600 Speaker 1: torture these people, you know, slowly, but it's it's there there, 744 00:41:23,600 --> 00:41:26,279 Speaker 1: It is on the record. It was absolutely used in 745 00:41:26,320 --> 00:41:29,400 Speaker 1: the history books. Yeah, but again they were clearly inspired 746 00:41:29,440 --> 00:41:33,319 Speaker 1: by the long use of aconite as a weapon, particularly 747 00:41:33,480 --> 00:41:37,400 Speaker 1: in in Chinese botany where there were five different species 748 00:41:37,480 --> 00:41:40,719 Speaker 1: that were particularly used for arrow poison. Right. It is 749 00:41:40,719 --> 00:41:44,680 Speaker 1: a species of the of the plant itself. They're laced 750 00:41:44,719 --> 00:41:47,560 Speaker 1: on the arrows, and apparently in ancient Greece they did 751 00:41:47,560 --> 00:41:50,800 Speaker 1: the same thing. They would the shepherds would actually take arrows, 752 00:41:50,920 --> 00:41:53,800 Speaker 1: lace them with this stuff and bait as well. Like 753 00:41:53,840 --> 00:41:56,239 Speaker 1: I was talking about earlier, and again use them to 754 00:41:56,320 --> 00:42:00,120 Speaker 1: kill wolves. So we see, like there's a lot of 755 00:42:00,239 --> 00:42:04,799 Speaker 1: iterations of using this to kill wolves that trace back 756 00:42:04,840 --> 00:42:09,160 Speaker 1: to that werewolf stuff we're talking about earlier. But it okay, 757 00:42:09,440 --> 00:42:11,600 Speaker 1: I guess I can see like you coat it with 758 00:42:11,600 --> 00:42:14,600 Speaker 1: an arrow, it goes in your body. That's gonna work, right, 759 00:42:14,600 --> 00:42:18,239 Speaker 1: because the poison is coming into contact with with your 760 00:42:18,280 --> 00:42:23,720 Speaker 1: internal organs. But the bullet transition is where I get lost. 761 00:42:24,480 --> 00:42:28,840 Speaker 1: Nazi logic not not not not real tight. But you know, 762 00:42:28,920 --> 00:42:34,640 Speaker 1: outside of the world of human warfare and human medicine 763 00:42:34,680 --> 00:42:40,080 Speaker 1: and accidental human poisonings, you do have some organisms that 764 00:42:40,320 --> 00:42:44,520 Speaker 1: regularly and in one case exclusively feed on wolf spain 765 00:42:45,000 --> 00:42:50,239 Speaker 1: and and have a extremely high tolerance for aconite. Yeah, 766 00:42:50,239 --> 00:42:52,279 Speaker 1: this gives you, like a I think this is a 767 00:42:52,320 --> 00:42:57,160 Speaker 1: great example of just how different our biological systems work 768 00:42:57,360 --> 00:42:59,840 Speaker 1: from from insects that like, Yeah, I talked about the 769 00:43:00,080 --> 00:43:01,840 Speaker 1: US earlier and that the side effects made it a 770 00:43:01,920 --> 00:43:05,960 Speaker 1: little lively as compared to like numbing and the dozen 771 00:43:06,040 --> 00:43:10,000 Speaker 1: humans or or wolves, I guess, but uh, the tiger 772 00:43:10,080 --> 00:43:14,680 Speaker 1: moths and uh certain kinds of bees, right, yeah, eating 773 00:43:14,719 --> 00:43:17,799 Speaker 1: one one bee in particular, and Alco had mentioned this 774 00:43:17,840 --> 00:43:20,280 Speaker 1: one first because this is a this is an example 775 00:43:20,320 --> 00:43:23,400 Speaker 1: of you have you have, you have this plan, and 776 00:43:23,440 --> 00:43:26,520 Speaker 1: it's it's highly toxic, as we've discussed, and it ends 777 00:43:26,600 --> 00:43:32,160 Speaker 1: up being visited by a number of different bees, different pollinators, 778 00:43:32,160 --> 00:43:34,680 Speaker 1: and it needs to be pollinated, so it it can't 779 00:43:34,719 --> 00:43:37,720 Speaker 1: just be completely isolation. It's right, it can't just poison 780 00:43:37,760 --> 00:43:40,719 Speaker 1: everything that comes near it. Keep the cows away, sure, 781 00:43:41,080 --> 00:43:44,400 Speaker 1: but the bees need to get in and u And 782 00:43:44,440 --> 00:43:49,359 Speaker 1: while the pollen has a fairly high levels of toxicity, 783 00:43:49,600 --> 00:43:55,000 Speaker 1: the nectar itself has low levels of alkaloids, so it's uh, 784 00:43:55,040 --> 00:43:59,000 Speaker 1: it's different, and it's difficult to acquire um that nectar 785 00:43:59,040 --> 00:44:01,920 Speaker 1: without specialized mouthparts. So you end up with a situation 786 00:44:02,000 --> 00:44:08,440 Speaker 1: where um, where the plant itself encourages specialist pollinators. And 787 00:44:08,480 --> 00:44:11,400 Speaker 1: in this case, we see the so called Old world 788 00:44:11,480 --> 00:44:16,160 Speaker 1: bumblebee or bumbus console brynus uh. And you see this uh, 789 00:44:16,200 --> 00:44:19,920 Speaker 1: this uh, this particular bee throughout Eurasia and it has 790 00:44:19,960 --> 00:44:23,040 Speaker 1: simply evolved into that niche where this is a very 791 00:44:23,120 --> 00:44:25,560 Speaker 1: dangerous plant to to deal with, but it can deal 792 00:44:25,600 --> 00:44:29,560 Speaker 1: with it delicately. And and as such as they they 793 00:44:29,760 --> 00:44:32,400 Speaker 1: play a vital role in each other's life cycles. Yeah, 794 00:44:32,440 --> 00:44:36,440 Speaker 1: so it sounds like the old world bumblebee and and 795 00:44:36,760 --> 00:44:40,799 Speaker 1: these plants co evolved, right, so that they adapted uh, 796 00:44:40,840 --> 00:44:44,200 Speaker 1: survival mechanisms together. I was looking at a study does 797 00:44:44,520 --> 00:44:48,000 Speaker 1: a certain type of econome chemically protect floral rewards to 798 00:44:48,080 --> 00:44:51,360 Speaker 1: the advantage of specialist bumblebees and the two thousand thirteen 799 00:44:51,760 --> 00:44:55,839 Speaker 1: UM study from Ecological entomology and uh, and they were 800 00:44:55,880 --> 00:44:58,600 Speaker 1: looking at like at the levels of aconite in the 801 00:44:58,640 --> 00:45:02,719 Speaker 1: bodies of both the special bees and the journalist bees. Um. Yeah, 802 00:45:02,719 --> 00:45:06,520 Speaker 1: and it really did seem to drive home that the 803 00:45:06,360 --> 00:45:10,040 Speaker 1: the specialist is where it's at for this particular plan. Yeah, 804 00:45:10,200 --> 00:45:13,560 Speaker 1: that's that's fascinating. So it's not just like it would 805 00:45:13,560 --> 00:45:15,680 Speaker 1: be easy for me to say, oh, well, insects are 806 00:45:15,719 --> 00:45:18,160 Speaker 1: fine with it, but but mammals are not or whatever. 807 00:45:18,239 --> 00:45:22,200 Speaker 1: But it's a very particular kind of of be that 808 00:45:22,280 --> 00:45:25,480 Speaker 1: can do this. But then there's also the moths, right, 809 00:45:25,520 --> 00:45:27,840 Speaker 1: And and this is relatively recent. I think this study 810 00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:30,359 Speaker 1: popped up on her radar this year, didn't it. Yeah, 811 00:45:30,360 --> 00:45:32,879 Speaker 1: this is a two thousand fifteen Russian study that came 812 00:45:32,920 --> 00:45:36,160 Speaker 1: out and pointed out first that they're eighteen species of 813 00:45:36,200 --> 00:45:40,080 Speaker 1: butterflies and moths that are known aconite fears as caterpillars 814 00:45:40,080 --> 00:45:44,120 Speaker 1: of course, um, and this includes the rare many trees 815 00:45:44,200 --> 00:45:48,680 Speaker 1: tiger moth and it feeds on the red aconite. So 816 00:45:49,120 --> 00:45:52,200 Speaker 1: if I remember correctly from reading the press release that 817 00:45:52,280 --> 00:45:55,239 Speaker 1: we saw when this story originally came out, this this 818 00:45:55,280 --> 00:45:59,279 Speaker 1: moth is like when we say rare, it's extremely rare, right, 819 00:45:59,320 --> 00:46:01,800 Speaker 1: Like it hasn't been in like twenty or thirty years, 820 00:46:01,840 --> 00:46:08,120 Speaker 1: I think. And then like this recent sighting in not 821 00:46:08,160 --> 00:46:11,080 Speaker 1: only did they see the moth, but they also saw 822 00:46:11,960 --> 00:46:16,680 Speaker 1: it's young, like actually eating the flower. So that's why 823 00:46:16,719 --> 00:46:19,160 Speaker 1: they know this now, is that like they know that 824 00:46:19,200 --> 00:46:22,799 Speaker 1: they're kind of uh living in tandem. Yeah, and they 825 00:46:22,840 --> 00:46:25,960 Speaker 1: theorize that the caterpillars are possibly consuming the alkaloids for 826 00:46:26,280 --> 00:46:32,160 Speaker 1: protection of overwintering larva against fungal and bacterial diseases. And 827 00:46:32,280 --> 00:46:35,160 Speaker 1: this is it's interesting to to look again at that 828 00:46:35,200 --> 00:46:37,319 Speaker 1: bumble bee study where they pointed out that you see 829 00:46:37,320 --> 00:46:40,600 Speaker 1: aconite levels not only in the bees that are actually 830 00:46:40,680 --> 00:46:45,480 Speaker 1: visiting uh, the the the aconite laced plants, but also 831 00:46:45,600 --> 00:46:48,120 Speaker 1: in their young. So there's like this residual level of 832 00:46:48,160 --> 00:46:51,320 Speaker 1: aconite just in the species itself based on their primary 833 00:46:51,320 --> 00:46:55,799 Speaker 1: food source. Okay, so here's my like totally unscientific, dumb 834 00:46:55,920 --> 00:46:58,680 Speaker 1: question to ask of I don't know if you'll know 835 00:46:58,680 --> 00:47:00,520 Speaker 1: the answer to this, but maybe somebody out in the 836 00:47:00,520 --> 00:47:05,279 Speaker 1: audience knows. If an Old World bumblebee consumes enough aconite 837 00:47:05,360 --> 00:47:09,480 Speaker 1: and then subsequently stings a human being, will that aconite 838 00:47:09,480 --> 00:47:11,799 Speaker 1: be passed onto the human being and then would that 839 00:47:11,840 --> 00:47:14,680 Speaker 1: be enough of a dosage to poison you? Based on 840 00:47:14,680 --> 00:47:17,960 Speaker 1: what I read here, I would say no, because they 841 00:47:17,960 --> 00:47:20,400 Speaker 1: didn't even get into stinging or anything. So yeah, I 842 00:47:20,400 --> 00:47:22,640 Speaker 1: don't know to what degree. For for all I know, 843 00:47:22,719 --> 00:47:27,520 Speaker 1: this might be a non stinging species, but but they 844 00:47:27,520 --> 00:47:30,680 Speaker 1: said that the level the toxicity levels within the creature 845 00:47:30,719 --> 00:47:34,480 Speaker 1: itself was not significant, So I think it would just 846 00:47:34,480 --> 00:47:36,520 Speaker 1: be like a little bit of numbness, maybe even if 847 00:47:36,560 --> 00:47:39,640 Speaker 1: it was passed through the stinger, but it probably wouldn't. Yeah, 848 00:47:39,640 --> 00:47:41,640 Speaker 1: I get the sense that you you would not get 849 00:47:41,680 --> 00:47:46,840 Speaker 1: any any sensation at all, aside from of course the stain. Yeah. 850 00:47:47,239 --> 00:47:50,359 Speaker 1: All right, so there you have it. Wolf Spain, from 851 00:47:50,400 --> 00:47:57,520 Speaker 1: werewolves to Nazis, from traditional Chinese medicine to poisoned arrows 852 00:47:57,760 --> 00:48:00,799 Speaker 1: and Old World bumble That's that's the thing about this 853 00:48:00,840 --> 00:48:03,200 Speaker 1: particular subject that I think is so interesting is it's 854 00:48:03,239 --> 00:48:05,040 Speaker 1: just you know, you say, again, like I said at 855 00:48:05,080 --> 00:48:07,239 Speaker 1: the top, you say wolf span and you go, right, yeah, 856 00:48:07,239 --> 00:48:11,120 Speaker 1: that's in some like a goofy werewolf movie. But it's 857 00:48:11,160 --> 00:48:13,960 Speaker 1: got this like fascinating history that just goes back hundreds 858 00:48:13,960 --> 00:48:17,920 Speaker 1: and hundreds of years and it's not common knowledge, or 859 00:48:17,960 --> 00:48:20,040 Speaker 1: maybe at least it's just not to us. I didn't 860 00:48:20,080 --> 00:48:22,759 Speaker 1: I didn't learn this at any time in my education. Yeah, 861 00:48:22,800 --> 00:48:26,720 Speaker 1: but based on the the accounts of poisoning still occurring 862 00:48:27,320 --> 00:48:31,040 Speaker 1: both in North and North America and Europe and in Asia, 863 00:48:31,120 --> 00:48:33,680 Speaker 1: people can stand to be a little more educated. Yeah, 864 00:48:33,719 --> 00:48:35,719 Speaker 1: maybe we need to add a wolf Span one oh 865 00:48:35,760 --> 00:48:41,120 Speaker 1: one to the the hogworks of the syllabus. Indeed, all right, 866 00:48:41,160 --> 00:48:42,880 Speaker 1: so there you have it again. If you want to 867 00:48:42,960 --> 00:48:45,000 Speaker 1: check out more topics from Stuff to Blow your Mind, 868 00:48:45,040 --> 00:48:46,799 Speaker 1: hand on over to stuff to Blow your Mind dot com. 869 00:48:46,800 --> 00:48:50,080 Speaker 1: That's where you'll find all the podcast episodes, uh, from 870 00:48:50,120 --> 00:48:53,040 Speaker 1: the very ancient episodes up until than the newest. If 871 00:48:53,040 --> 00:48:54,840 Speaker 1: you want to see just be right there on the 872 00:48:54,840 --> 00:48:58,080 Speaker 1: cutting edge of what's coming out, that's the place to go. Yeah, 873 00:48:58,120 --> 00:48:59,720 Speaker 1: And like I said at the top of the episode, 874 00:48:59,719 --> 00:49:03,879 Speaker 1: you know, we are going to start hopefully periscoping at 875 00:49:03,880 --> 00:49:07,040 Speaker 1: the end of October, so you can find out more 876 00:49:07,080 --> 00:49:09,279 Speaker 1: information about when we'll be doing those and where you 877 00:49:09,320 --> 00:49:13,480 Speaker 1: can find those episodes. Obviously on Twitter, but also on 878 00:49:13,520 --> 00:49:16,920 Speaker 1: our Facebook and Tumbler pages, which are blow the Mind. Uh. 879 00:49:17,000 --> 00:49:19,879 Speaker 1: That's that's the handle that we use on all of those. Uh. 880 00:49:19,920 --> 00:49:22,560 Speaker 1: And we've got videos as well, the Monster Science stuff 881 00:49:22,560 --> 00:49:24,880 Speaker 1: that will be on all those channels, and they're already 882 00:49:24,920 --> 00:49:27,879 Speaker 1: on our YouTube channel. Yeah, so check it out. And hey, 883 00:49:27,920 --> 00:49:30,200 Speaker 1: in the meantime, where can people send those accounts of 884 00:49:30,719 --> 00:49:34,839 Speaker 1: accidental and intentional aconite point? Yeah, yeah, definitely write us 885 00:49:34,840 --> 00:49:36,839 Speaker 1: in if you've got some stories on this. So it's 886 00:49:36,880 --> 00:49:43,080 Speaker 1: blow the Mind at how stuff Works dot com for 887 00:49:43,239 --> 00:49:45,560 Speaker 1: more on this and thousands of other topics. Does it 888 00:49:45,640 --> 00:49:52,719 Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com