WEBVTT - Tough Questions with Bill Nye 0:00:00.200 --> 0:00:04.920 We have to believe except work toward the idea that 0:00:04.960 --> 0:00:08.719 we are going to address climate change in a way 0:00:08.760 --> 0:00:12.479 big enough to preserve the quality of life for billions 0:00:12.480 --> 0:00:14.280 of people around the world. If you go into this 0:00:14.360 --> 0:00:17.400 thinking we're going to get overwhelmed and lose, then we 0:00:17.480 --> 0:00:18.920 will turn it out. 0:00:19.000 --> 0:00:19.360 People. 0:00:20.120 --> 0:00:22.760 Ah fucked. 0:00:26.600 --> 0:00:30.440 I'm Chris Turney, and this is unfucking the future. The 0:00:30.480 --> 0:00:33.400 world today is full of some pretty bad news, and 0:00:33.440 --> 0:00:35.919 it's way too easy to get bogged down by it. 0:00:36.560 --> 0:00:40.240 But there are some incredible people working on climate solutions, 0:00:40.760 --> 0:00:43.640 and I want you to join them so that we 0:00:43.680 --> 0:00:45.680 can fix this crisis together. 0:00:46.120 --> 0:00:50.360 We fucking the future. 0:00:55.320 --> 0:00:58.639 Bill Nice standing in the science lab, well, actually it's 0:00:58.680 --> 0:01:02.240 John Olives studio. Looks like a size lab in front 0:01:02.280 --> 0:01:05.240 of him. He's got a globe, a fire extinguisher, a 0:01:05.280 --> 0:01:07.119 bucket of sand, and a blanket. 0:01:07.480 --> 0:01:07.760 Here. 0:01:07.959 --> 0:01:12.200 I've got an experiment for you, safety glasses on. By 0:01:12.200 --> 0:01:14.400 the end of this century, if O missions keep rising, 0:01:14.440 --> 0:01:17.080 the average temperature on Earth could go up another four 0:01:17.120 --> 0:01:18.000 to eight degrees. 0:01:18.280 --> 0:01:21.760 He brings out a flamethrower and lights for globe on fire. 0:01:21.920 --> 0:01:24.720 What I'm saying is the planet's on fucking fire. 0:01:25.840 --> 0:01:27.200 There are a lot of things we could do to 0:01:27.240 --> 0:01:27.720 put it out. 0:01:27.800 --> 0:01:30.520 Bill points for a bucket of sand and the fire extinguisher. 0:01:30.760 --> 0:01:33.560 Are any of them free? No, of course not. Not 0:01:33.640 --> 0:01:36.040 thing's free. You idiots. Grow the fuck up. You're not 0:01:36.120 --> 0:01:38.720 children anymore. I didn't mind explaining. 0:01:38.240 --> 0:01:41.520 Photosynthenceus to you when you were twelve, but you're adults 0:01:41.560 --> 0:01:43.560 now and this is an actual crisis. 0:01:43.720 --> 0:01:47.120 Got it. Safety glasses off, motherfucker's. 0:01:49.520 --> 0:01:53.360 I don't know who doesn't know Bill Nye, but indulge 0:01:53.400 --> 0:01:56.280 me while I brag on Bill a bit. He's an 0:01:56.360 --> 0:02:02.280 award winning entertainer and educator, engineer at Boeing and currently 0:02:02.360 --> 0:02:07.080 the CEO of a Planetary Society. Bill's TV shows Bill 0:02:07.160 --> 0:02:10.120 Nye Saves the Earth and Bill ny The Science Guy 0:02:10.639 --> 0:02:16.560 have collected over fifty prestigious award nominations, including nineteen Emmy Awards. 0:02:17.320 --> 0:02:21.360 He's written two best selling books on science. Today, he 0:02:21.400 --> 0:02:24.160 spends a lot of his time educating a public about 0:02:24.160 --> 0:02:28.360 the climate crisis and arguing for action. His latest show 0:02:28.560 --> 0:02:31.840 is called The End Is Nigh Now. Something you may 0:02:31.840 --> 0:02:34.440 not know is that before there was Bill ny the 0:02:34.560 --> 0:02:38.799 Science Guy, there was Bill Nye the stand up comedian. 0:02:39.200 --> 0:02:44.040 Well, I mean I tried, No, I middled. That was 0:02:44.080 --> 0:02:46.440 as high as do you know what I'm talking about? 0:02:46.480 --> 0:02:51.239 So comedy clubs typically have three acts in a row, 0:02:51.360 --> 0:02:54.280 the MC as he or she is called the middle 0:02:54.480 --> 0:02:57.800 and the headliner. Middling is as far as I got 0:02:58.080 --> 0:03:00.680 in his day. You know, Jerry signed Field would be 0:03:00.720 --> 0:03:01.760 the headliner. 0:03:02.120 --> 0:03:05.360 Ah see, I ever got to MC. So you're way 0:03:05.400 --> 0:03:07.640 ahead of me, and you and you actually believe it. 0:03:07.639 --> 0:03:11.400 I'm not the second comedian climate activists I've actually spoken 0:03:11.440 --> 0:03:14.919 to for great Adam McKay as well. So I'd love 0:03:14.919 --> 0:03:16.520 to ask you, why do you What do you think 0:03:16.680 --> 0:03:19.440 makes comedians such great climate activists? 0:03:19.800 --> 0:03:24.440 Oh, because we're so much smarter than regular people. Now, 0:03:24.440 --> 0:03:28.280 I think what you're the selecting that you're experiencing. There 0:03:28.400 --> 0:03:32.639 is people who don't mind talking all the time. 0:03:32.960 --> 0:03:36.520 And do you think as well, just given the conversation 0:03:36.640 --> 0:03:40.280 and the seriousness of it, that need for levity as well, 0:03:40.320 --> 0:03:42.280 to sort of cut from the noise and actually get 0:03:42.280 --> 0:03:43.160 people to pay attention. 0:03:43.240 --> 0:03:45.880 Do you think, well, the word you might throw around 0:03:46.000 --> 0:03:49.880 is absurd. There's a certain features of the world around 0:03:49.920 --> 0:03:53.760 us which seems silly or absurd or why does this 0:03:53.880 --> 0:03:57.600 happen kind of thing? Especially where humans are involved. And 0:03:57.680 --> 0:03:59.720 a lot of my friends are humans. A lot of 0:03:59.720 --> 0:04:03.600 people I spent time the individuals that talk to me 0:04:03.640 --> 0:04:05.160 in English generally. 0:04:04.800 --> 0:04:12.280 Are that's reassuring, that's reassuring something. So far you never know. 0:04:12.400 --> 0:04:14.560 I mean, there's a scientist never say never, right. I'm 0:04:14.560 --> 0:04:17.240 always fascinated by how people get to this point in time? 0:04:17.880 --> 0:04:20.200 How do people reach a point where they actually talk 0:04:20.200 --> 0:04:22.520 about climate change? And let's be honest, it's a subject 0:04:22.520 --> 0:04:24.640 and topic that most of us would rather really not 0:04:24.760 --> 0:04:27.720 talk about. What was the point at which you reached 0:04:27.760 --> 0:04:30.479 where you actually felt I need to talk about climate change? 0:04:30.880 --> 0:04:37.479 Oh, nineteen eighty eight, climate scientists named James Hanson Jim 0:04:37.560 --> 0:04:40.960 Hanson testified in front of the US Congress. 0:04:41.040 --> 0:04:44.360 There's good old Jim Hanson again. He's been mentioned by 0:04:44.400 --> 0:04:48.360 almost every guest on this show. His testimony to Congress 0:04:48.360 --> 0:04:51.599 in nineteen eighty eight was a seminal moment in climate history. 0:04:52.279 --> 0:04:55.080 He's still a massive presence in climate science today. 0:04:55.480 --> 0:04:59.960 Altogether, this evidence represents a very strong case, in my opinion, 0:05:00.160 --> 0:05:02.919 and that the greenhouse effect has been detected and it 0:05:03.000 --> 0:05:04.599 is changing our climate now. 0:05:05.760 --> 0:05:10.159 And that really raised awareness or motivated me to talk 0:05:10.200 --> 0:05:11.000 about it all the time. 0:05:11.400 --> 0:05:12.360 So I'm so old. 0:05:13.360 --> 0:05:18.960 I'm so old that I took one class from this famous, 0:05:18.960 --> 0:05:25.600 famous astronomer named Carl Sagan, and he talked about what 0:05:25.680 --> 0:05:30.400 he called comparative climatology all the time. This would be 0:05:30.440 --> 0:05:36.440 comparing the climates of Earth, Venus, and Mars. And all 0:05:36.480 --> 0:05:39.520 three of these planets have carbon dioxide, which produces the 0:05:39.560 --> 0:05:44.520 greenhouse effect. But on Venus the greenhouse effect has, as 0:05:44.560 --> 0:05:45.680 they say, run away. 0:05:46.320 --> 0:05:49.280 Every planet with an atmosphere has some degree of a 0:05:49.320 --> 0:05:50.240 greenhouse effect. 0:05:50.480 --> 0:05:54.480 That's the great Carl Sagan and the greenhouse effect he's 0:05:54.520 --> 0:05:58.240 talking about is a process where certain gases trapped the 0:05:58.240 --> 0:06:02.080 heat from the Sun in the fs atmosphere. The greenhouse 0:06:02.080 --> 0:06:06.080 effect helps warm our planet to a habitable temperature if 0:06:06.120 --> 0:06:08.719 we didn't have it. For temperature with plummet to about 0:06:08.800 --> 0:06:12.560 minus fifty degrees. A little bit of greenhouse gas is good, 0:06:13.120 --> 0:06:16.960 but adding more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is driving 0:06:17.040 --> 0:06:21.800 up the temperature, and that's bad. That's a fundamental issue. 0:06:22.160 --> 0:06:25.880 The most spectacular case by far is the greenhouse effect 0:06:25.920 --> 0:06:29.520 of Venus. It's the nearest planet planet about the same mass, 0:06:29.680 --> 0:06:35.360 radius density as the Earth, but it is spectacularly different 0:06:35.520 --> 0:06:38.200 in several respects, one of which is that the surface 0:06:38.240 --> 0:06:41.479 temperature is about four hundred and seventy degrees centigrade nine 0:06:41.560 --> 0:06:42.960 hundred fahrenheit. 0:06:43.200 --> 0:06:48.120 Doctor Jim Hanson and Carl's sake and our trailblazers. Since 0:06:48.200 --> 0:06:51.520 Bill took Carl's class, he's gone on to teach millions 0:06:51.520 --> 0:06:54.760 and millions of kids, teens, and adults about the wonders 0:06:54.760 --> 0:06:58.239 of science and our Earth, Which is why Bill ninety 0:06:58.680 --> 0:07:01.240 is a perfect person to answer some of the big 0:07:01.320 --> 0:07:04.560 questions I get as a climate scientists. But to be honest, 0:07:04.720 --> 0:07:14.800 I want bills help in answering. Okay, I bought in Amber, 0:07:15.040 --> 0:07:17.640 one of the brilliant producers in last show, to share 0:07:17.680 --> 0:07:20.960 some of the most frequently asked questions we get Amber, 0:07:21.080 --> 0:07:22.000 What have you got for us? 0:07:22.240 --> 0:07:25.080 Hey, Chris, it's pretty exciting to be on the other 0:07:25.160 --> 0:07:27.680 side of the mic, I have to say. So. This 0:07:27.800 --> 0:07:29.960 first one is something we talk a lot about behind 0:07:29.960 --> 0:07:32.720 the scenes. How do we keep ourselves and other people 0:07:32.760 --> 0:07:36.320 motivated to keep working on the climate crisis when honestly, 0:07:36.480 --> 0:07:39.400 the shit is so depressing it feels like it's all 0:07:39.440 --> 0:07:42.320 gone to hell. How do we keep people hopeful instead 0:07:42.360 --> 0:07:44.840 of feeling like we should all just run to the hills. 0:07:45.440 --> 0:07:47.320 The hills probably is not the place to run to, 0:07:47.440 --> 0:07:52.680 by the way now. But and the thing is, I 0:07:52.800 --> 0:07:57.760 say the time, you have to be optimistic. I ain't 0:07:57.800 --> 0:08:01.640 gonna win anything here in the States. It was the 0:08:02.680 --> 0:08:04.760 I guess it was. Is that the World Cup or 0:08:04.880 --> 0:08:09.720 semifinals South Africa versus New Zealand and Rugby was. 0:08:09.720 --> 0:08:10.920 On the telly. 0:08:12.200 --> 0:08:14.360 I didn't stick around to find out how that game 0:08:14.400 --> 0:08:17.360 came out. I got distracted by other sporting events here. 0:08:19.520 --> 0:08:25.360 I'm sure somebody won. Along that line, each of those 0:08:25.400 --> 0:08:31.760 teams believed strongly that they were going to win. They 0:08:31.760 --> 0:08:34.680 were optimistic. They did not go into the match thinking 0:08:34.720 --> 0:08:38.199 that they might lose or that they would lose. Rather, 0:08:38.760 --> 0:08:40.680 you have to think you're going to win the match, 0:08:40.800 --> 0:08:43.520 or you're not going to win it for crying a lot. 0:08:43.800 --> 0:08:49.440 And along that line, we have to make big changes. 0:08:50.679 --> 0:08:55.760 And don't tell me we can't make big changes. My 0:08:55.920 --> 0:09:00.120 grandfather was in France in World War One, and by 0:09:00.160 --> 0:09:03.280 all accounts I wasn't there, But by all accounts he 0:09:03.400 --> 0:09:07.240 rode a horse. Everybody from his generation knew how to 0:09:07.320 --> 0:09:11.160 ride a horse well enough. But twenty five years later, 0:09:11.440 --> 0:09:18.520 when his daughter also known as my mother and her boyfriend, 0:09:19.200 --> 0:09:21.240 also known as my father. 0:09:21.960 --> 0:09:23.080 Were in World War Two. 0:09:24.240 --> 0:09:26.760 Nobody who was serious about it was riding a horse, 0:09:27.880 --> 0:09:32.120 and so everything changed. In twenty five years, everything changed. 0:09:32.840 --> 0:09:34.200 So we got to change everything. 0:09:35.080 --> 0:09:35.440 Let's go. 0:09:39.880 --> 0:09:42.480 I really like that. So what I'm hearing is we 0:09:42.559 --> 0:09:44.680 got to keep obviously basick, but we can actually do 0:09:44.800 --> 0:09:47.920 this and believe it and actually that sense of we 0:09:48.120 --> 0:09:50.880 know we can do a massive change. We've done it before, 0:09:51.040 --> 0:09:52.640 so we just but step all. 0:09:52.640 --> 0:09:54.760 We have to accept that it's a massive change. It's 0:09:54.760 --> 0:09:55.640 not just screwing around. 0:09:55.960 --> 0:09:58.000 It's taking that iedgies or anything like that. 0:09:58.480 --> 0:10:05.520 Hope is not a so both of those teams pad hopes, 0:10:06.160 --> 0:10:08.959 but they also had plans about how to win the match. 0:10:09.880 --> 0:10:12.240 The other thing for me is to find easy ways 0:10:12.280 --> 0:10:15.800 to get activated. It's not enough to say something is 0:10:15.840 --> 0:10:19.280 an issue. We have to be solutions oriented when we 0:10:19.360 --> 0:10:23.160 talk about climate change. So I'll just give an example 0:10:24.240 --> 0:10:27.360 right now in Australia, we've got massive flooding going down 0:10:27.440 --> 0:10:30.360 the East coast. But there's not enough to talk about 0:10:30.360 --> 0:10:33.600 these things. Try to connect the conversation to what we 0:10:33.800 --> 0:10:38.120 can do to solve it. We can't immediately stop the flooding, 0:10:38.640 --> 0:10:40.920 but we can have a conversation about how to make 0:10:40.960 --> 0:10:44.520 our homes more visilient to flooding. And those kinds of 0:10:44.559 --> 0:10:47.840 conversations can make our friends and neighbors feel safe and 0:10:48.000 --> 0:10:52.319 less worried about the future, and that in turn can 0:10:52.360 --> 0:10:56.880 make people feel motivated to actually do something rather than 0:10:56.920 --> 0:11:00.720 wallowing in the worry. All right, Amber, what else ficult fuss? 0:11:00.920 --> 0:11:03.880 Okay, this wants to settle an argument in my household? 0:11:04.720 --> 0:11:06.199 Am I supposed to recycle? 0:11:06.840 --> 0:11:07.800 I've been told. 0:11:07.520 --> 0:11:10.320 By a lot of people that I should just not 0:11:10.440 --> 0:11:13.960 recycle at all because so much of it doesn't actually 0:11:14.000 --> 0:11:18.559 get recycled, which is super disappointing as someone who thoroughly 0:11:18.720 --> 0:11:22.240 washes out all my cans, all my bottles, everything so 0:11:22.280 --> 0:11:23.319 that it can be recycled. 0:11:23.760 --> 0:11:25.559 So is it true? 0:11:25.920 --> 0:11:29.920 No, No, recycling is not a bad idea, not another tool, 0:11:30.280 --> 0:11:32.520 but it's not going to solve everybody's problem. 0:11:32.960 --> 0:11:36.520 It's just there's two things you don't want, or three 0:11:36.559 --> 0:11:39.720 maybe you don't want to waste those resources. I mean, 0:11:39.720 --> 0:11:43.240 it's so much less energy to make aluminum out from 0:11:43.280 --> 0:11:46.600 aluminum cans than it does from box site from the 0:11:46.640 --> 0:11:49.559 stuff you mind I mean, it's what is it ninety 0:11:49.600 --> 0:11:54.800 percent less energy? Maybe ninety five percent, So let's not 0:11:54.840 --> 0:11:57.280 be throwing aluminum cans away. And then the other thing, 0:11:57.320 --> 0:11:59.800 you don't want this material to end up in the ocean. 0:12:00.000 --> 0:12:05.439 It's a huge problem with plastics it and so there's 0:12:05.480 --> 0:12:07.880 a few things about the plastic in the ocean that 0:12:08.640 --> 0:12:11.640 are troubling. First of all, there if you're a sea 0:12:11.679 --> 0:12:16.480 turtle or somebody eating plastic is not nutritious, then there 0:12:16.520 --> 0:12:20.079 is struggling things where the plastic kills you as an 0:12:20.120 --> 0:12:24.720 ocean creature. But the other thing that's not known is 0:12:24.800 --> 0:12:29.120 all these tiny pieces of people nowadays are called microplastics. 0:12:30.120 --> 0:12:33.800 Nobody exactly knows what's gonna what effect that's going to 0:12:33.880 --> 0:12:36.280 have on living things in the ocean. But you got 0:12:36.280 --> 0:12:40.880 to think it's bad. It's intuitibly it's gotta be bad. 0:12:42.080 --> 0:12:46.319 So don't throw stuff away. Let's recycle this remarkable material. Yes, 0:12:47.840 --> 0:12:51.880 but while you're doing all that, you're not cutting greenhouse emissions. 0:12:52.240 --> 0:12:55.880 I mean, or rather a tiny amount they're cutting greenhouse emissions. 0:12:56.640 --> 0:12:59.160 The problem is much much bigger than that. It's all 0:12:59.240 --> 0:13:00.559 the stuff we're in the air. 0:13:00.720 --> 0:13:03.240 Yeah, yeah, I mean, that's ultimately what it is is, 0:13:03.440 --> 0:13:06.360 I mean one of the things that people can do 0:13:06.520 --> 0:13:09.360 day to day lives, basically to try and actually cut 0:13:09.360 --> 0:13:10.040 their emissions. 0:13:10.080 --> 0:13:14.360 Well, I want people to talk about climate change, so 0:13:14.480 --> 0:13:16.040 we do some vot and then. 0:13:16.559 --> 0:13:18.280 Vote yeah, oh yes. 0:13:19.120 --> 0:13:24.360 Combining your errands in the States, the biggest investment you 0:13:24.440 --> 0:13:29.240 can make to reduce or to address climate changes whatever 0:13:29.360 --> 0:13:31.880 car you drive, whatever vehicle you choose. 0:13:31.600 --> 0:13:35.800 To drive, which brings us to our holy fuck segment. 0:13:42.240 --> 0:13:46.320 Every year, Americans drive trillions and millions of miles. That's 0:13:46.400 --> 0:13:50.480 trillions with a T. In the nineteen eighties, Americans drove 0:13:50.480 --> 0:13:52.880 a modest one hundred and thirty five billion miles on 0:13:52.920 --> 0:13:57.120 the interstate. That's just the interstate. But in twenty seventeen 0:13:57.200 --> 0:14:00.680 they drove two one hundred and fifty billion miles the interstate. 0:14:01.400 --> 0:14:04.480 I mean, that's a fucking enormous number. And we're not 0:14:04.720 --> 0:14:07.840 asking you to ditch your car completely, but driving less 0:14:07.880 --> 0:14:11.680 can make a huge difference. By some estimates, if the 0:14:11.800 --> 0:14:15.520 average American drove just thirty miles less per week, that's 0:14:15.559 --> 0:14:19.360 ten percent, it would reduce for US's carbon footprint by 0:14:19.400 --> 0:14:23.040 about one hundred and ten million metric tons of carbon dioxide. 0:14:23.680 --> 0:14:32.600 That's like removing twenty eight coal power plants. 0:14:34.800 --> 0:14:37.320 This is in the US where we have everybody has 0:14:37.440 --> 0:14:38.920 bar and roads or everywhere. 0:14:39.480 --> 0:14:42.280 So pick an efficient car. 0:14:42.360 --> 0:14:47.320 And the reason everybody talks about electric vehicles electric cars 0:14:48.120 --> 0:14:51.400 is because they are inherently more efficient. Well, if the 0:14:51.760 --> 0:14:54.880 electricity comes from a dirty coal fired power plant, you 0:14:54.960 --> 0:14:58.920 got I know, yes, you're right, But the car doesn't 0:14:59.000 --> 0:15:02.400 know in the anwer from morphic sense where the electricity 0:15:02.440 --> 0:15:07.680 comes from. So as we make our electrical generation systems 0:15:08.600 --> 0:15:12.640 renewable from renewable electricity, or if you all want, if 0:15:12.640 --> 0:15:16.800 you all want efficient nuclear power plants, the car doesn't 0:15:16.880 --> 0:15:21.120 know it. The car is still more efficient. And even 0:15:21.240 --> 0:15:26.240 driving around an electric car with electricity made in a 0:15:26.280 --> 0:15:29.080 coal fired power plant, you still come out ahead in 0:15:29.160 --> 0:15:33.240 greenhouse gases because of the efficiency of the car, and 0:15:33.520 --> 0:15:36.760 you're not spreading the pollution all over the place. You 0:15:36.880 --> 0:15:41.600 can potentially control the pollution at the generation source, you know, 0:15:41.680 --> 0:15:43.960 a filter, a bag house they call it. 0:15:44.240 --> 0:15:46.520 Okay. I love Bill's point here, and I think we 0:15:46.560 --> 0:15:49.880 should all focus on it. You often hear the argument 0:15:49.960 --> 0:15:53.160 for the electric cars, it's just shifting which detty carpetsles 0:15:53.240 --> 0:15:56.480 are power comes from. So what's the point. But Bill's 0:15:56.480 --> 0:15:59.440 absolutely right because the efficiencies are so much higher on 0:15:59.480 --> 0:16:03.640 the electric and fossil fuel, everything else being equal, it's 0:16:03.680 --> 0:16:07.240 still saving on cop in the missions. 0:16:07.520 --> 0:16:16.720 We're fucking the future. We're fucking the future. 0:16:19.400 --> 0:16:21.880 This is really fun. I feel like I'm letting some 0:16:21.960 --> 0:16:24.360 good talking points too. What's next? 0:16:24.360 --> 0:16:27.880 Amba, Yeah, I mean, I'm having a great time, So 0:16:28.120 --> 0:16:30.720 bear with me on this one. And I'm just sort 0:16:30.760 --> 0:16:34.200 of playing Devil's advocate here. One thing I sometimes hear 0:16:34.240 --> 0:16:37.840 from people, especially here in Florida, is that the science 0:16:37.920 --> 0:16:40.760 is always changing, that it's not settled, and that we 0:16:40.880 --> 0:16:44.080 really don't know for sure that climate change is human cause. 0:16:44.800 --> 0:16:47.400 So how am I supposed to respond to that kind 0:16:47.400 --> 0:16:47.880 of comment? 0:16:48.320 --> 0:16:56.680 Well, it's settled, amazing. I remember being four years old. 0:16:58.320 --> 0:17:01.560 But one kid says, is so. The other kid says, 0:17:01.760 --> 0:17:04.320 is not? Is not as too? 0:17:04.440 --> 0:17:05.600 Is not? As to you. 0:17:05.600 --> 0:17:09.760 Climate deny or sorry, science is so settled, it's settled 0:17:09.800 --> 0:17:10.800 on top is settled. 0:17:12.119 --> 0:17:14.320 Certainly, ninety seven. 0:17:14.040 --> 0:17:16.879 Percent of the world scientists agree, if not one hundred 0:17:16.920 --> 0:17:20.439 percent with or how about ninety nine point nine with 0:17:20.520 --> 0:17:25.720 a less than point one percent trace percentage of scientists 0:17:25.720 --> 0:17:28.000 who are not on board it's just weird. I mean, 0:17:28.320 --> 0:17:32.440 in science, you seldom get ninety percent agreement on anything. 0:17:32.520 --> 0:17:35.639 I know, right, gravitational constant. 0:17:35.160 --> 0:17:37.800 People don't even probably don't come out with that many 0:17:37.920 --> 0:17:42.680 significant digits come on you guys. So and it's all, 0:17:42.880 --> 0:17:45.919 as I say, all this doubt has been introduced by 0:17:46.040 --> 0:17:50.800 conservative media. And a question I have for conservative me is. 0:17:50.760 --> 0:17:54.480 Why are you doing this? Why are you ignoring the facts? 0:17:54.480 --> 0:17:54.919 What is it? 0:17:55.840 --> 0:17:57.600 And just seeing well they're doing it for the money. 0:17:57.640 --> 0:18:01.400 What money we're all going to if you keep this up. 0:18:01.720 --> 0:18:05.600 So what I say to Fox News and all the 0:18:05.640 --> 0:18:08.280 news Maxis and all these other guys is just cut 0:18:08.280 --> 0:18:10.360 it out, just stop it. 0:18:11.119 --> 0:18:13.720 I've seen you talk, we've climate denis as well. Have 0:18:13.760 --> 0:18:17.040 you ever managed to well, let's call them climate contrarians. 0:18:17.400 --> 0:18:19.399 You have you ever mentioned actually ten any of them 0:18:19.400 --> 0:18:20.960 mound the tool have any of a comeback to you 0:18:20.960 --> 0:18:23.080 and said, oh, I've reflected the way he said, Bill. 0:18:23.480 --> 0:18:26.439 It takes you know, I tell everybody, somebody's not going 0:18:26.520 --> 0:18:29.280 to change his mind her mind. 0:18:28.800 --> 0:18:29.760 Just hearing it once. 0:18:31.119 --> 0:18:34.000 But it is time I think to get back to 0:18:34.040 --> 0:18:37.680 we in the States, we have several, of course nutty 0:18:37.720 --> 0:18:41.399 climate deniers, but I bet each of these two guys 0:18:41.480 --> 0:18:50.280 ten thousand dollars that the decade twenty ten twenty twenty 0:18:50.320 --> 0:18:54.160 would be the hottest on record, and they wouldn't take 0:18:54.200 --> 0:18:54.560 the bet. 0:18:54.600 --> 0:18:58.200 And it was wow, and so they wouldn't. They won't 0:18:58.200 --> 0:18:59.760 take the bet. They know better now. 0:19:00.080 --> 0:19:02.840 I think that's the troubling thing. They're just hoping it's 0:19:02.840 --> 0:19:05.520 not true. But hope's not a plan, people. 0:19:05.320 --> 0:19:06.840 No, it is not a plan. I mean, that was 0:19:06.880 --> 0:19:09.320 the warmest decade on record. Each year is getting harder 0:19:09.359 --> 0:19:09.760 and harder. 0:19:09.840 --> 0:19:10.000 Now. 0:19:11.000 --> 0:19:14.080 You often hear this, You hear this fantastic conspiracy fod 0:19:14.200 --> 0:19:15.000 scientists are in. 0:19:16.440 --> 0:19:19.639 Scientists or in the conspiracy? Have you hung out with 0:19:19.720 --> 0:19:20.240 these guys? 0:19:21.160 --> 0:19:22.280 You can't agree with anything. 0:19:22.440 --> 0:19:26.920 Honestly, I agree on anything, and I would hope one 0:19:26.960 --> 0:19:27.920 of them was rich. 0:19:28.520 --> 0:19:31.280 If I knew, if I had for proof actually this 0:19:31.480 --> 0:19:34.359 was not real, I would be singing it from the 0:19:34.520 --> 0:19:38.439 actual top of the buildings. I would be out there screaming. 0:19:38.520 --> 0:19:40.920 I'd be getting loads of money, maybe a Nobel, maybe 0:19:40.960 --> 0:19:44.320 even a Netflix show bill. You never know, right, you 0:19:44.480 --> 0:19:47.880 never know, but you would be so famous for proving 0:19:47.960 --> 0:19:50.840 it wrong. And I'd love it to be proved wrong. Honestly, 0:19:50.880 --> 0:19:53.679 you'd get a Nobel Prize if you proved it it happened. No, 0:19:54.000 --> 0:19:55.240 it's just sadly it's not. 0:19:55.880 --> 0:19:58.800 I think there are fewer of them than the battle bit. Yeah, 0:19:59.000 --> 0:20:01.000 that's right, there's still too many. 0:20:02.240 --> 0:20:06.440 And look, you can't change someone's mind overnight. But that 0:20:06.480 --> 0:20:10.600 first thing that Bill said is so important. Over ninety 0:20:10.680 --> 0:20:13.919 nine percent of scientists agree that the climate crisis is 0:20:14.000 --> 0:20:18.240 human caused, but only twenty five percent of Americans believe 0:20:18.320 --> 0:20:22.240 that there's a scientific consensus on climate change. The bottom 0:20:22.280 --> 0:20:25.720 line is, the carbon pollution from fossil fuels that we're 0:20:25.760 --> 0:20:30.200 putting into the atmosphere is causing the planet to overheat dangerously. 0:20:31.200 --> 0:20:32.720 That science is ironclad. 0:20:33.200 --> 0:20:35.639 Yeah, I feel like it's so important to lay it 0:20:35.640 --> 0:20:38.760 out there like that. Now, this next question is about 0:20:38.800 --> 0:20:41.919 how close we are from all of humanity falling apart. 0:20:42.600 --> 0:20:44.520 I saw a headline that said we only have ten 0:20:44.560 --> 0:20:48.960 to fifteen years to really stop global warming. But something 0:20:49.000 --> 0:20:51.080 I hear from my friends is that it feels like 0:20:51.280 --> 0:20:56.080 we've been seeing these headlines for years. So first, please 0:20:56.119 --> 0:20:59.720 tell me we have more time, And also, why does 0:20:59.760 --> 0:21:02.680 it like we've been hearing these headlines for so long? 0:21:03.359 --> 0:21:07.240 The latest study that I'm familiar with is Michael Mann. 0:21:07.280 --> 0:21:11.840 You know Michaelman the hockey Stick graph, The lead author. Well, 0:21:11.880 --> 0:21:17.240 his latest book is This Fragile Moment, and he, based 0:21:17.280 --> 0:21:20.720 on his latest modeling, points out there's almost certainly not 0:21:20.920 --> 0:21:22.399 going to be a tipping point. 0:21:22.880 --> 0:21:25.480 Just to pause for a second, the hockey stick curve 0:21:25.600 --> 0:21:29.560 is a really important piece of climate change science. Basically, 0:21:29.880 --> 0:21:32.359 the idea is that there was a warm pier during 0:21:32.359 --> 0:21:35.879 the medieval age, and then the Earth cooled down a little, 0:21:36.280 --> 0:21:39.280 and now, thanks to all the carbon we're pumping into 0:21:39.320 --> 0:21:43.159 the atmosphere, we're on the up and up and up. 0:21:43.800 --> 0:21:46.960 It looks like a hockey stick. The thinking is there's 0:21:47.000 --> 0:21:50.720 not necessarily a tipping point, but rather the idea is 0:21:50.720 --> 0:21:53.320 that the Earth will just get hotter and hotter until 0:21:53.359 --> 0:21:58.160 it's totally out of control. Well Bill says it better. Instead, 0:21:58.680 --> 0:21:59.120 it's just. 0:21:59.119 --> 0:22:01.800 Going to get hotter and hotter and miserable or and 0:22:01.880 --> 0:22:06.200 miserable for everybody, or and so it's not like there's 0:22:06.240 --> 0:22:11.040 this moment where it clicks. You can make arguments about 0:22:11.119 --> 0:22:14.960 one and a half degrees celsius that indeed could be 0:22:15.040 --> 0:22:19.120 six years, but it's just if you go beyond, when 0:22:19.200 --> 0:22:21.399 we go beyond one and a half, It'll just lower 0:22:21.440 --> 0:22:23.479 the quality of life for more and more people. It's 0:22:23.520 --> 0:22:26.760 not like there's a light switch and everybody dies. It's 0:22:26.800 --> 0:22:30.880 just going to get worse and worse. Which is let's 0:22:30.880 --> 0:22:33.880 get to work people, doesn't mean let's relax. It means 0:22:33.960 --> 0:22:37.000 let's get to work. In a sense, the situation is 0:22:37.040 --> 0:22:43.520 more desperate than ever. In another sense, we have all 0:22:43.640 --> 0:22:46.800 the time we'd ever need. It just depends how bad 0:22:46.920 --> 0:22:49.080 you want things to get for how many people. 0:22:49.640 --> 0:22:51.800 To me, this kind of mentality is one of the 0:22:51.880 --> 0:22:56.080 biggest obstacles standing in that way this whole We've got 0:22:56.119 --> 0:22:59.960 five years to turn things around. It's honestly, really unhelpful 0:23:00.040 --> 0:23:02.840 for everyone. There's a risk of making people feel like 0:23:02.920 --> 0:23:05.760 we don't have to act now, and if we miss 0:23:05.760 --> 0:23:09.760 that target, is it really all over? It also makes 0:23:09.840 --> 0:23:12.639 people feel like five years from now there'll be some 0:23:12.920 --> 0:23:16.960 gigantic tipping point, but as Bill mentioned, it might not 0:23:17.040 --> 0:23:20.119 play out that way, and when it doesn't, it could 0:23:20.119 --> 0:23:26.200