1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,000 Speaker 1: Hey, everybody. Before we get started today, we just wanted 2 00:00:03,040 --> 00:00:05,840 Speaker 1: to let folks know that Universal Fan con where we 3 00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:09,880 Speaker 1: were planning to be from April and to do a 4 00:00:09,920 --> 00:00:13,840 Speaker 1: live show there, has been postponed until further notice. Although 5 00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:16,480 Speaker 1: we don't have any other information right now about when 6 00:00:16,520 --> 00:00:20,040 Speaker 1: the convention might be rescheduled, we do want to apologize 7 00:00:20,079 --> 00:00:22,400 Speaker 1: to anybody who purchased a ticket or who plans to 8 00:00:22,400 --> 00:00:24,840 Speaker 1: come out and see us. Will post an update with 9 00:00:24,880 --> 00:00:28,000 Speaker 1: any official information that we receive on our website at 10 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:30,160 Speaker 1: miss in history dot com at the link that says 11 00:00:30,240 --> 00:00:35,720 Speaker 1: live shows. Welcome to Stuff you Missed in History class 12 00:00:35,800 --> 00:00:44,920 Speaker 1: from how Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to 13 00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:48,320 Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Tracy V. Wilson and I'm a Holly Frying. 14 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:50,920 Speaker 1: Today we are picking up where we left off in 15 00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:53,600 Speaker 1: the story of Wendell Scott, who was the first black 16 00:00:53,720 --> 00:00:58,280 Speaker 1: driver to drive in NASCAR sponsored races. Last time, we 17 00:00:58,360 --> 00:01:01,120 Speaker 1: talked about his early life and time as a bootlegger 18 00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:03,560 Speaker 1: and his first races that were part of the Dixie 19 00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:08,720 Speaker 1: Circuit and then other non NASCAR races in Virginia. Today, 20 00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:10,959 Speaker 1: we will talk about how he finally got into his 21 00:01:11,040 --> 00:01:14,400 Speaker 1: first NASCAR sanctioned race. And what happened in his racing 22 00:01:14,440 --> 00:01:18,560 Speaker 1: career from there. This will probably make sense if you 23 00:01:18,560 --> 00:01:20,880 Speaker 1: haven't heard our previous episode, but we will be referring 24 00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:23,640 Speaker 1: back to some things from that episode, so it would 25 00:01:23,680 --> 00:01:25,559 Speaker 1: be easier if you haven't heard that one to listen 26 00:01:25,560 --> 00:01:29,160 Speaker 1: to it first. As we talked about last time, Wendell 27 00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:32,039 Speaker 1: Scott had been turned away from NASCAR sanctioned races in 28 00:01:32,080 --> 00:01:36,280 Speaker 1: Winston Salem and high Point, North Carolina in nineteen fifty two. 29 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:40,520 Speaker 1: Sometime in nineteen fifty three, the exact date is not documented, 30 00:01:40,840 --> 00:01:44,679 Speaker 1: Wendell Scott made another attempt to enter a NASCAR sanctioned race, 31 00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:48,240 Speaker 1: and this time it was in Richmond. Scott went to 32 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:50,960 Speaker 1: Maurice Boston, who was the chief steward for the track, 33 00:01:51,240 --> 00:01:54,520 Speaker 1: and told him that he wanted to enter. Poston advised 34 00:01:54,560 --> 00:01:57,520 Speaker 1: him that as the first black driver the organization had 35 00:01:57,640 --> 00:02:00,800 Speaker 1: ever had, quote, you're going to be knocked around, and 36 00:02:00,840 --> 00:02:04,360 Speaker 1: Scott assured him that he could take it. This was 37 00:02:04,440 --> 00:02:07,880 Speaker 1: the first time in history that a black driver participated 38 00:02:07,880 --> 00:02:10,880 Speaker 1: in a race that was sanctioned by NASCAR, and occasionally 39 00:02:10,960 --> 00:02:14,600 Speaker 1: you'll see it incorrectly cited that that designation really belongs 40 00:02:14,639 --> 00:02:17,600 Speaker 1: to somebody else. And there was a black race car 41 00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:21,239 Speaker 1: driver named Joey Ray who started racing in nine seven, 42 00:02:21,320 --> 00:02:26,959 Speaker 1: but he didn't race in NASCAR, A completely different Joey Ray, 43 00:02:27,040 --> 00:02:31,120 Speaker 1: which is I mean a little weird of a coincidence 44 00:02:31,680 --> 00:02:36,280 Speaker 1: to me, well, especially considering the spelling is the same, 45 00:02:36,560 --> 00:02:38,680 Speaker 1: is the same and not what we would know as 46 00:02:38,720 --> 00:02:42,080 Speaker 1: the standard using the air quotes spelling of Joey as 47 00:02:42,160 --> 00:02:46,600 Speaker 1: j O E y but j O I E yeah, 48 00:02:46,680 --> 00:02:50,040 Speaker 1: completely different. Joey Ray, who was white, did race at 49 00:02:50,080 --> 00:02:54,239 Speaker 1: Daytona once in ninetift two. That's the source of the confusion. 50 00:02:54,440 --> 00:02:57,160 Speaker 1: But that was a completely different person who was not black. 51 00:02:57,840 --> 00:02:59,520 Speaker 1: I mean, I could see how that's a pretty easy 52 00:02:59,560 --> 00:03:02,280 Speaker 1: mistake to make because you're looking your records. That's an 53 00:03:02,320 --> 00:03:05,480 Speaker 1: odd spelling, an unusual spelling, and it's the same in 54 00:03:05,520 --> 00:03:08,400 Speaker 1: both cases. I mean, if his name was was Bob Jones, 55 00:03:08,480 --> 00:03:12,920 Speaker 1: that was right. But going back to Wendell Scott, his 56 00:03:13,120 --> 00:03:16,840 Speaker 1: entry into NASCAR progressed far differently than many other firsts 57 00:03:16,840 --> 00:03:21,160 Speaker 1: by black athletes in previously segregated sports. These often followed 58 00:03:21,160 --> 00:03:24,000 Speaker 1: a pattern of an organized effort to integrate the sport, 59 00:03:24,120 --> 00:03:28,600 Speaker 1: involving everything from legal pressures to methodical selection of which 60 00:03:28,680 --> 00:03:31,800 Speaker 1: black athlete would be allowed to participate, But there was 61 00:03:31,840 --> 00:03:35,400 Speaker 1: no organized effort to integrate NASCAR, and Wendell Scott had 62 00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:37,960 Speaker 1: no backing at all in his attempts to cross the 63 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:41,440 Speaker 1: color line. He just kept showing up until someone let 64 00:03:41,520 --> 00:03:44,640 Speaker 1: him race. Because that is not to belittle that achievement. 65 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:48,080 Speaker 1: It was a brave thing to continue showing up. But 66 00:03:48,240 --> 00:03:51,520 Speaker 1: I really don't think it had crossed the minds or 67 00:03:51,600 --> 00:03:55,240 Speaker 1: even entered the minds in the vaguest way of anybody 68 00:03:55,280 --> 00:03:58,560 Speaker 1: in the NASCAR organization of like, you know, what we 69 00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:03,000 Speaker 1: should do is integrate in three like that, I don't 70 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:05,920 Speaker 1: think that was a conversation that would have even been 71 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:09,720 Speaker 1: a spark of thinking about happening. So once they had 72 00:04:09,720 --> 00:04:13,080 Speaker 1: heard about what happened in Richmond with Wendell Scott being 73 00:04:13,080 --> 00:04:15,880 Speaker 1: allowed to drive in the race, NASCAR officials at the 74 00:04:15,960 --> 00:04:19,280 Speaker 1: organization's headquarters in Daytona Beach, Florida were not all that 75 00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:22,960 Speaker 1: pleased about it. So while a lot of other firsts 76 00:04:23,040 --> 00:04:27,360 Speaker 1: by black athletes tended to become major news events, they 77 00:04:27,360 --> 00:04:29,360 Speaker 1: really tried to keep Scott's entry into the world of 78 00:04:29,440 --> 00:04:33,520 Speaker 1: NASCAR racing quiet. NASCAR wasn't getting that much coverage in 79 00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:36,640 Speaker 1: the mainstream media at this point in its history, but 80 00:04:36,720 --> 00:04:39,280 Speaker 1: when Scott's name was mentioned in the press, it was 81 00:04:39,320 --> 00:04:42,360 Speaker 1: sometimes listed US something like W. D. Scott to keep 82 00:04:42,400 --> 00:04:45,479 Speaker 1: anybody from putting together that he was the black driver 83 00:04:45,560 --> 00:04:48,239 Speaker 1: who had made a name for himself in the Dixie circuit. 84 00:04:49,279 --> 00:04:53,000 Speaker 1: Scott's first recorded NASCAR race is from the following season, 85 00:04:53,320 --> 00:04:58,800 Speaker 1: when he raced it Daytona on February ninety four. On 86 00:04:58,920 --> 00:05:02,000 Speaker 1: April sevente that year, Scott had his first encounter with 87 00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:05,600 Speaker 1: William France, Sr. Known as Big Bill, the founder of NASCAR. 88 00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:08,720 Speaker 1: Scott had gone to Raleigh to race the night before, 89 00:05:08,839 --> 00:05:10,800 Speaker 1: but the race had been rained out, and it was 90 00:05:10,880 --> 00:05:14,599 Speaker 1: pretty common for NASCAR to compensate drivers for the cost 91 00:05:14,640 --> 00:05:16,480 Speaker 1: of getting to the race when it was rained out, 92 00:05:17,080 --> 00:05:21,080 Speaker 1: and this was particularly important to Wendell Scott. He had 93 00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:24,560 Speaker 1: no kind of financial backing or sponsorship, and he didn't 94 00:05:24,600 --> 00:05:27,360 Speaker 1: really have much money on his own. All the other 95 00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:29,760 Speaker 1: drivers who had showed up in Raleigh that night were 96 00:05:29,760 --> 00:05:32,719 Speaker 1: given fifteen dollars to cover the cost of their gas, 97 00:05:32,720 --> 00:05:37,239 Speaker 1: but Enix Staley, who was the promoter, refused to compensate Scott, 98 00:05:38,120 --> 00:05:41,600 Speaker 1: So when Scott met France in Lynchburg on the seventeenth, 99 00:05:41,880 --> 00:05:45,000 Speaker 1: he told him about what had happened. France assured him 100 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:47,560 Speaker 1: that from now on he was part of NASCAR and 101 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:50,000 Speaker 1: he was going to be treated just like any other driver, 102 00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:53,359 Speaker 1: and then France gave Scott thirty dollars from his pocket. 103 00:05:54,680 --> 00:05:57,800 Speaker 1: Later on in the nineteen fifty four season, Scott finished 104 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:00,480 Speaker 1: a race ahead of another driver named Ward mc donald. 105 00:06:01,120 --> 00:06:06,000 Speaker 1: McDonald intentionally rear ended Scott's car repeatedly afterward, and the 106 00:06:06,040 --> 00:06:09,279 Speaker 1: only thing that kept him from physically attacking Scott after 107 00:06:09,320 --> 00:06:12,520 Speaker 1: the race was over was that Scott's friend, fellow driver 108 00:06:12,640 --> 00:06:17,320 Speaker 1: Earl Brooks, physically intervened. The day after this incident, France 109 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:20,200 Speaker 1: sent a letter to every NASCAR driver saying that anyone 110 00:06:20,240 --> 00:06:25,760 Speaker 1: who intentionally wrecked Scott's car would be suspended, but unfortunately 111 00:06:25,839 --> 00:06:29,600 Speaker 1: it didn't last long. Scott had ongoing problems with other 112 00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:33,680 Speaker 1: drivers intentionally wrecking him during races or forcing him into 113 00:06:33,680 --> 00:06:37,400 Speaker 1: a wall. This included an incident with driver Shorty York, 114 00:06:37,560 --> 00:06:40,520 Speaker 1: who rear ended Scott two different times at Bowman Gray 115 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:44,719 Speaker 1: Stadium in Winston Salem, causing him to roll over both times. 116 00:06:45,360 --> 00:06:49,400 Speaker 1: Neither build France nor NASCAR as an organization did anything 117 00:06:49,440 --> 00:06:53,359 Speaker 1: to address it. Apart from being a racist show of 118 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:57,680 Speaker 1: potentially life threatening poor sportsmanship, this kind of treatment had 119 00:06:57,680 --> 00:07:00,440 Speaker 1: a direct if effect on Scott's finance is and his 120 00:07:00,480 --> 00:07:04,520 Speaker 1: ability to keep entering races. If somebody intentionally hit him 121 00:07:04,640 --> 00:07:07,479 Speaker 1: or caused him to spin out, he'd lose several places 122 00:07:07,480 --> 00:07:09,800 Speaker 1: in the pack as he got back on track, and 123 00:07:09,840 --> 00:07:11,920 Speaker 1: a lot of times there was just no way to 124 00:07:12,040 --> 00:07:14,520 Speaker 1: make up the lost time, which meant that his prize 125 00:07:14,520 --> 00:07:16,600 Speaker 1: money at the end of the race was smaller. That 126 00:07:16,600 --> 00:07:18,800 Speaker 1: meant he had less money to pay for his gas, 127 00:07:18,840 --> 00:07:21,080 Speaker 1: to repair and maintain the car, and to pay his 128 00:07:21,160 --> 00:07:25,320 Speaker 1: bills back home. Scott was also an owner driver, which, 129 00:07:25,360 --> 00:07:28,240 Speaker 1: as the term suggests, means that he owned the cars 130 00:07:28,280 --> 00:07:31,720 Speaker 1: he was driving and racing in. In the world of NASCAR, 131 00:07:31,960 --> 00:07:34,920 Speaker 1: these are almost two different jobs, and it's very rare 132 00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:37,800 Speaker 1: for a person to simultaneously own the car and drive 133 00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:40,560 Speaker 1: it today. This was a lot more common in the 134 00:07:40,640 --> 00:07:44,320 Speaker 1: nineteen fifties, but now that he was in NASCAR sanctioned races, 135 00:07:44,760 --> 00:07:48,160 Speaker 1: Scott was also increasingly up against drivers who were essentially 136 00:07:48,160 --> 00:07:53,320 Speaker 1: sponsored by auto manufacturers. Sponsorship within NASCAR has its own history, 137 00:07:53,560 --> 00:07:57,000 Speaker 1: and this wasn't always official but factory sponsored teams were 138 00:07:57,000 --> 00:08:00,680 Speaker 1: basically getting their cars from automakers for free or for 139 00:08:00,760 --> 00:08:04,000 Speaker 1: a reduced price, while Scott was having to buy all 140 00:08:04,040 --> 00:08:08,000 Speaker 1: of his cars himself. Also, as an owner driver, he 141 00:08:08,040 --> 00:08:12,840 Speaker 1: was responsible for literally everything. He had no mechanic other 142 00:08:12,880 --> 00:08:16,000 Speaker 1: than himself. He had no pit crew other than his 143 00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:18,960 Speaker 1: sons who crewed for him when their school schedule allowed, 144 00:08:19,240 --> 00:08:22,280 Speaker 1: or sometimes his friends. A lot of times he couldn't 145 00:08:22,280 --> 00:08:24,760 Speaker 1: afford to pay the entry fee for them, so he 146 00:08:24,800 --> 00:08:27,240 Speaker 1: would smuggle them into the track in the trunk of 147 00:08:27,320 --> 00:08:31,080 Speaker 1: his race car. The trunks of the tow cars were 148 00:08:31,160 --> 00:08:33,200 Speaker 1: usually searched on the way in, but a lot of 149 00:08:33,240 --> 00:08:36,000 Speaker 1: times the race cars trunk wasn't, and so he'd have 150 00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:41,000 Speaker 1: his helpers back there hiding out under tires. Sometimes nobody 151 00:08:41,040 --> 00:08:43,080 Speaker 1: was available to help him out, so he would be 152 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:46,280 Speaker 1: his own pit crew, falling behind in the standings as 153 00:08:46,320 --> 00:08:48,640 Speaker 1: he did his own repairs and changed his own tires. 154 00:08:49,160 --> 00:08:52,079 Speaker 1: He just had no staff at all of any kind 155 00:08:52,200 --> 00:08:55,920 Speaker 1: other than friends and family who helped him out. That's 156 00:08:55,960 --> 00:08:58,320 Speaker 1: one of those things that is such a startling image 157 00:08:58,400 --> 00:09:01,040 Speaker 1: if you watch any racing too, when people just pull 158 00:09:01,120 --> 00:09:03,760 Speaker 1: into the pit and they get swarmed by their staff, 159 00:09:04,160 --> 00:09:06,120 Speaker 1: And like the idea that you would pull in, get 160 00:09:06,120 --> 00:09:08,560 Speaker 1: out of your car, check it up, do all the 161 00:09:08,559 --> 00:09:11,840 Speaker 1: work yourself, and then get back in is astonishing well. 162 00:09:11,880 --> 00:09:15,800 Speaker 1: And it's like it it doesn't sound like that too 163 00:09:15,800 --> 00:09:18,920 Speaker 1: big of a job to say that you both own 164 00:09:18,960 --> 00:09:21,760 Speaker 1: the car and drive it, But like driving in the 165 00:09:21,840 --> 00:09:24,600 Speaker 1: race is a physically grueling experience, and that a lot 166 00:09:24,640 --> 00:09:26,640 Speaker 1: of times you're going hundreds of miles in a night, 167 00:09:26,679 --> 00:09:29,360 Speaker 1: you're also driving to the track, which a lot of 168 00:09:29,360 --> 00:09:31,560 Speaker 1: times was hours away from where he lived, where he 169 00:09:31,600 --> 00:09:35,000 Speaker 1: had been the night before, and then where an owner 170 00:09:35,080 --> 00:09:36,880 Speaker 1: of the car would usually be the person who was 171 00:09:36,920 --> 00:09:39,920 Speaker 1: responsible for arranging the maintenance and for doing the publicity 172 00:09:40,040 --> 00:09:42,720 Speaker 1: and for basically managing the whole enterprise. Like he was 173 00:09:42,760 --> 00:09:44,680 Speaker 1: doing that also, and it was a ton of work. 174 00:09:44,840 --> 00:09:48,240 Speaker 1: It was exhausting. It sounds exhausting, and I'm exhausted just 175 00:09:48,320 --> 00:09:50,720 Speaker 1: thinking about it. And on top of all of that, 176 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:53,920 Speaker 1: Scott was at a perpetual disadvantage because of the cars 177 00:09:53,920 --> 00:09:57,400 Speaker 1: he was driving. The cars that the factory sponsored teams 178 00:09:57,400 --> 00:10:00,120 Speaker 1: were driving kept getting better and better, and even the 179 00:10:00,200 --> 00:10:03,679 Speaker 1: drivers who weren't sponsored by an automaker often had some 180 00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:07,120 Speaker 1: kind of sponsorship or financial backing or just money of 181 00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:10,920 Speaker 1: their own. They were still driving relatively new vehicles that 182 00:10:10,960 --> 00:10:13,840 Speaker 1: were well equipped to perform in whichever class of race 183 00:10:13,880 --> 00:10:16,560 Speaker 1: they were made for. But Scott had none of this. 184 00:10:17,120 --> 00:10:19,360 Speaker 1: Most of his cars were once he bought from other 185 00:10:19,440 --> 00:10:22,160 Speaker 1: drivers and teams after the end of the season when 186 00:10:22,200 --> 00:10:26,280 Speaker 1: they were being replaced with newer models. Regardless, though, Wendell 187 00:10:26,320 --> 00:10:29,240 Speaker 1: Scott actually did really well in his first NASCAR season. 188 00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:32,439 Speaker 1: He wound up in nineteenth place in his class nationally 189 00:10:32,559 --> 00:10:36,120 Speaker 1: among almost two thousand drivers. And we're going to talk 190 00:10:36,160 --> 00:10:39,439 Speaker 1: about Scott's rookie season in racing in NASCAR's top tier 191 00:10:39,559 --> 00:10:47,840 Speaker 1: after a sponsor break. So in his first few years 192 00:10:47,880 --> 00:10:52,199 Speaker 1: of NASCAR races, Wendell Scott was driving unmodified cars, generally 193 00:10:52,240 --> 00:10:54,920 Speaker 1: building up his record and getting more and more coverage 194 00:10:54,920 --> 00:10:57,160 Speaker 1: in the media as the media started to pay more 195 00:10:57,160 --> 00:11:00,920 Speaker 1: attention to NASCAR. He was driving in the lower class 196 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:03,839 Speaker 1: of races that was not quite as prestigious and didn't 197 00:11:03,920 --> 00:11:07,440 Speaker 1: have quite as much competition. In nineteen fifty nine, he 198 00:11:07,520 --> 00:11:11,000 Speaker 1: won twenty two races in his class, including the Virginia 199 00:11:11,040 --> 00:11:15,040 Speaker 1: State Championship, and this when gave him a guaranteed spot 200 00:11:15,160 --> 00:11:19,800 Speaker 1: plus paid expenses at the newly opened Daytona International Speedway. 201 00:11:20,360 --> 00:11:22,760 Speaker 1: He built a nineteen fifty three Ford to take to 202 00:11:22,840 --> 00:11:25,840 Speaker 1: this two fifty mile race, which took place on February 203 00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:30,400 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty. At that race, he wound up in a 204 00:11:30,679 --> 00:11:35,080 Speaker 1: huge pile up. He dodged several wrecked cars before swerving 205 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:39,200 Speaker 1: so hard that he rolled over several times. The race 206 00:11:39,280 --> 00:11:41,800 Speaker 1: was stopped, but at that point thirty six of the 207 00:11:41,880 --> 00:11:46,120 Speaker 1: seventy three competing cars had been wrecked. While officials cleared 208 00:11:46,120 --> 00:11:49,160 Speaker 1: the track of wreckage, Scott and his sons repaired his 209 00:11:49,240 --> 00:11:51,600 Speaker 1: car so that he could keep going once the race 210 00:11:51,640 --> 00:11:54,960 Speaker 1: started again. This included popping out the rear window of 211 00:11:54,960 --> 00:11:59,400 Speaker 1: the car to replace the shattered front windshield. Scott's engine 212 00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:02,240 Speaker 1: blew before this race was over, but the fact that 213 00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:05,080 Speaker 1: he had gotten his car going again and had tried 214 00:12:05,120 --> 00:12:07,840 Speaker 1: to finish the race after the red flag was lifted 215 00:12:08,160 --> 00:12:11,160 Speaker 1: without a pit crew to help him other than his kids, 216 00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:14,079 Speaker 1: really started to earn the respect of some of the 217 00:12:14,120 --> 00:12:16,960 Speaker 1: other drivers. This is where in the movie about his life, 218 00:12:16,960 --> 00:12:21,720 Speaker 1: I start crying because I'm like, go, man, go. At 219 00:12:21,720 --> 00:12:24,160 Speaker 1: this point, he thought he was ready to start trying 220 00:12:24,200 --> 00:12:27,560 Speaker 1: for the Grand Nationals. The Grand Nationals have had several 221 00:12:27,600 --> 00:12:30,079 Speaker 1: different names over the years, and today they're known as 222 00:12:30,080 --> 00:12:34,160 Speaker 1: the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, and for many years 223 00:12:34,200 --> 00:12:37,400 Speaker 1: they were the Winston Cup. Of all the various series 224 00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:41,319 Speaker 1: in NASCAR, this is the top tier, Scott got a 225 00:12:41,360 --> 00:12:43,640 Speaker 1: new car to try to improve his chances in this 226 00:12:43,760 --> 00:12:47,240 Speaker 1: more elite field of competition. The car was a Chevrolet 227 00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:50,560 Speaker 1: that he bought from Buck Baker, who had previously won 228 00:12:50,640 --> 00:12:54,120 Speaker 1: two Grand National championships. Scott paid for this car with 229 00:12:54,240 --> 00:12:57,080 Speaker 1: Moonshine money, and he drove it in his first race 230 00:12:57,120 --> 00:13:00,920 Speaker 1: on March fourth, nineteen sixty one. This was another big 231 00:13:00,960 --> 00:13:04,520 Speaker 1: milestone for NASCAR. For the first time, a black man 232 00:13:04,559 --> 00:13:08,360 Speaker 1: was driving in the organization's top tier of races, but 233 00:13:08,400 --> 00:13:12,520 Speaker 1: the organization, the announcers, and the promoters said nothing about it. 234 00:13:13,160 --> 00:13:16,520 Speaker 1: In several interviews given before this March fourth race, the 235 00:13:16,600 --> 00:13:20,800 Speaker 1: racist promoter didn't even mention Scott by name. On Race Today, 236 00:13:20,880 --> 00:13:25,920 Speaker 1: the announcer introduced him as W. D. Scott. Apart from 237 00:13:25,920 --> 00:13:29,920 Speaker 1: this lack of recognition, Scott faced increasing harassment when he 238 00:13:29,960 --> 00:13:32,920 Speaker 1: moved into the Grand the Grand National Series. Some of 239 00:13:32,920 --> 00:13:36,640 Speaker 1: it was from spectators and fans, everything from racist slurs 240 00:13:36,679 --> 00:13:39,719 Speaker 1: to actual death threats, but some of it was from 241 00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:43,400 Speaker 1: the racing officials and other drivers. There were still drivers 242 00:13:43,440 --> 00:13:46,120 Speaker 1: who intentionally ran into him or caused him to wreck 243 00:13:46,160 --> 00:13:49,880 Speaker 1: on the track. NASCAR inspectors would fail his car for 244 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:53,199 Speaker 1: mechanical reasons that didn't exist, or for reasons that had 245 00:13:53,240 --> 00:13:55,600 Speaker 1: nothing to do with the car's safety or ability to 246 00:13:55,760 --> 00:13:59,800 Speaker 1: ability to drive, like having chips in the paint in April. 247 00:14:00,200 --> 00:14:02,360 Speaker 1: The car that Scott had bought from Buck Baker in 248 00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:06,439 Speaker 1: March literally tore itself in half during a race. It 249 00:14:06,440 --> 00:14:09,360 Speaker 1: turned out that cracks in the frame had been repaired 250 00:14:09,520 --> 00:14:13,160 Speaker 1: with body filler, something that Baker had claimed someone on 251 00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:16,880 Speaker 1: his team did without his knowledge. Scott responded to this 252 00:14:17,040 --> 00:14:19,480 Speaker 1: the way he responded to a lot of harassment and 253 00:14:19,520 --> 00:14:23,000 Speaker 1: other suspicious behavior that he encountered in the world of racing. 254 00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:25,840 Speaker 1: He said nothing about it. He kept his head down, 255 00:14:25,960 --> 00:14:28,480 Speaker 1: and he just didn't make it an issue. His place 256 00:14:28,520 --> 00:14:31,360 Speaker 1: in the world of NASCAR seemed so precurious that he 257 00:14:31,440 --> 00:14:35,480 Speaker 1: was wary of making waves or possibly provoking a racist backlash. 258 00:14:35,600 --> 00:14:38,440 Speaker 1: He missed his next two races while repairing the car. 259 00:14:39,600 --> 00:14:43,080 Speaker 1: One nineteen sixty one, Scott was turned away when he 260 00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:46,120 Speaker 1: tried to enter a race at Charlotte Motor Speedway, he 261 00:14:46,280 --> 00:14:49,400 Speaker 1: was once again given no reason why he couldn't race. 262 00:14:49,760 --> 00:14:52,840 Speaker 1: This continued to happen at other tracks as well. Sometimes, 263 00:14:52,880 --> 00:14:55,400 Speaker 1: after Scott had spent a lot of time and money 264 00:14:55,440 --> 00:14:58,240 Speaker 1: getting there, he started trying to stick to races that 265 00:14:58,240 --> 00:15:01,320 Speaker 1: were closer to home or in were northern areas, with 266 00:15:01,320 --> 00:15:03,880 Speaker 1: the hope of not wasting his money traveling to an 267 00:15:03,880 --> 00:15:06,600 Speaker 1: event that he wouldn't be allowed to participate in, which 268 00:15:06,600 --> 00:15:08,560 Speaker 1: would then give him no way to recoup what he 269 00:15:08,560 --> 00:15:12,200 Speaker 1: has met getting there. Being turned away from races for 270 00:15:12,280 --> 00:15:15,600 Speaker 1: no valid reason happened over and over during Scott's career. 271 00:15:16,280 --> 00:15:19,440 Speaker 1: His application to drive in the Darlington Southern five hundred 272 00:15:19,480 --> 00:15:22,800 Speaker 1: that year was denied as well. There was language on 273 00:15:22,880 --> 00:15:25,600 Speaker 1: the entry form that said participants could be turned away 274 00:15:25,640 --> 00:15:28,520 Speaker 1: for any reason, but it was clear to everyone what 275 00:15:28,560 --> 00:15:31,800 Speaker 1: that reason was. Darlington was in an area that was 276 00:15:31,840 --> 00:15:36,160 Speaker 1: home to substantial Ku Klux Klan activity. Racial resentment was 277 00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:39,160 Speaker 1: flourishing in the face of the ongoing civil rights movement, 278 00:15:39,640 --> 00:15:42,320 Speaker 1: and strom Thurmond, the man who said, quote all the 279 00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:45,280 Speaker 1: laws of Washington and all the bayonets of the Army 280 00:15:45,520 --> 00:15:48,840 Speaker 1: cannot force the Negro into our homes into our schools, 281 00:15:48,880 --> 00:15:52,840 Speaker 1: our churches, and our places of recreation and amusement was 282 00:15:52,880 --> 00:15:56,840 Speaker 1: an honorary judge at that race. For years, Scott would 283 00:15:56,880 --> 00:15:59,520 Speaker 1: continue to be turned away every time he tried to 284 00:15:59,520 --> 00:16:04,200 Speaker 1: earn his Darlington stripes. In spite of being turned away 285 00:16:04,320 --> 00:16:07,000 Speaker 1: so many times, Scott was able to drive in twenty 286 00:16:07,080 --> 00:16:09,560 Speaker 1: three races and his rookie season at this level of 287 00:16:09,640 --> 00:16:13,680 Speaker 1: NASCAR five of those times, and it in top ten finishes. 288 00:16:14,280 --> 00:16:17,320 Speaker 1: If he'd had that record today, he might have been 289 00:16:17,400 --> 00:16:19,640 Speaker 1: named Rickie of the Year, which is an honor that's 290 00:16:19,680 --> 00:16:22,800 Speaker 1: now awarded based on which rookie has earned the most 291 00:16:22,920 --> 00:16:27,479 Speaker 1: points in NASCAR's top class. But at the time, officials 292 00:16:27,520 --> 00:16:29,520 Speaker 1: had to say and who was named as Rickie of 293 00:16:29,560 --> 00:16:31,960 Speaker 1: the Year, And even though the standings and the points 294 00:16:31,960 --> 00:16:34,480 Speaker 1: were a factor, it was ultimately really up to Bill 295 00:16:34,520 --> 00:16:38,880 Speaker 1: France Sr. And Scott's rookie season in the Grand National Series. 296 00:16:39,080 --> 00:16:42,240 Speaker 1: That honor went to Woodrow Wilson of Alabama, who had 297 00:16:42,320 --> 00:16:47,120 Speaker 1: driven in only five races and had one top ten finish. 298 00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:50,160 Speaker 1: Over the course of that season, Scott started to face 299 00:16:50,200 --> 00:16:53,240 Speaker 1: a little less hostility from the other drivers as they 300 00:16:53,400 --> 00:16:55,640 Speaker 1: saw how good he was both behind the wheel and 301 00:16:55,760 --> 00:16:59,120 Speaker 1: under the hood. They also realized that he was doing 302 00:16:59,200 --> 00:17:01,800 Speaker 1: all of this with his own money and no resources 303 00:17:01,880 --> 00:17:05,200 Speaker 1: and no financial backing. Apart from his winnings at the races. 304 00:17:05,880 --> 00:17:08,360 Speaker 1: They saw him get up and race well after sleeping 305 00:17:08,400 --> 00:17:10,760 Speaker 1: on the ground and eating a bag lunch, because there 306 00:17:10,760 --> 00:17:13,199 Speaker 1: were no hotels in the area that would let him 307 00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:17,200 Speaker 1: rent a room and no restaurants that would serve him. 308 00:17:17,240 --> 00:17:20,320 Speaker 1: In nineteen sixty three, Scott bought another new car, this 309 00:17:20,359 --> 00:17:23,360 Speaker 1: time one of Ned Jarrett's from the season before. This 310 00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:26,640 Speaker 1: was a much better car than what he had been driving, 311 00:17:26,640 --> 00:17:29,640 Speaker 1: but he was still at a huge disadvantage when compared 312 00:17:29,680 --> 00:17:33,080 Speaker 1: to the cars that the top racers had. Nineteen sixty 313 00:17:33,119 --> 00:17:36,040 Speaker 1: three was also a tumultuous year in the United States. 314 00:17:36,080 --> 00:17:39,200 Speaker 1: That's the year George Wallace was elected governor of Alabama 315 00:17:39,359 --> 00:17:42,640 Speaker 1: and held his infamous stand at the schoolhouse door. It's 316 00:17:42,640 --> 00:17:45,919 Speaker 1: when police used attack dogs and fire hoses on civil 317 00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:49,879 Speaker 1: rights marchers, some of whom were students. The Sixteenth Street 318 00:17:49,880 --> 00:17:53,240 Speaker 1: Baptist Church bombing took place in nineteen sixty three as well, 319 00:17:53,480 --> 00:17:56,040 Speaker 1: and Scott was driving in races and many of these 320 00:17:56,160 --> 00:18:00,119 Speaker 1: same places where these events happened or were happening he 321 00:18:00,200 --> 00:18:03,000 Speaker 1: made it a practice to always travel with someone since 322 00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:05,680 Speaker 1: it wasn't safe for a black man to travel through 323 00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:10,760 Speaker 1: a lot of this territory alone. On June, Scott's application 324 00:18:10,800 --> 00:18:14,560 Speaker 1: to race in Birmingham was denied because promoters quote didn't 325 00:18:14,600 --> 00:18:18,040 Speaker 1: want to cause trouble. This rejection led to one of 326 00:18:18,040 --> 00:18:22,040 Speaker 1: the more terrifying events in Scott's career. He raced even 327 00:18:22,080 --> 00:18:26,160 Speaker 1: though his entry had been denied, starting fifteen and finishing seventh, 328 00:18:26,640 --> 00:18:29,840 Speaker 1: and after the race was over, officials immediately ran to 329 00:18:29,960 --> 00:18:33,760 Speaker 1: his car, telling him to leave immediately. He later learned 330 00:18:33,840 --> 00:18:36,480 Speaker 1: that a group of spectators were allegedly on their way 331 00:18:36,520 --> 00:18:40,120 Speaker 1: to set his car on fire. Say allegedly because there's 332 00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:42,920 Speaker 1: just a lot of unanswered questions about this, like nobody 333 00:18:42,920 --> 00:18:47,440 Speaker 1: really knows how officials heard this, whether they contacted the police, 334 00:18:47,760 --> 00:18:50,720 Speaker 1: like who the people were that were supposedly planning this. 335 00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:53,960 Speaker 1: But regardless, he would leave immediately, but he did not 336 00:18:54,080 --> 00:18:57,480 Speaker 1: stop racing. And in nineteen sixty three he also earned 337 00:18:57,520 --> 00:18:59,920 Speaker 1: his only win at the Grand National level, and we 338 00:19:00,080 --> 00:19:10,360 Speaker 1: talk about that. After another sponsor break on December first, 339 00:19:10,480 --> 00:19:14,200 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty three, Wendell Scott earned his only Grand National 340 00:19:14,280 --> 00:19:17,680 Speaker 1: win of his career, This race was at Speedway Park 341 00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:20,920 Speaker 1: near Jacksonville, Florida, and he was hopeful that he would 342 00:19:20,960 --> 00:19:24,240 Speaker 1: do well on this track because the track itself seemed 343 00:19:24,280 --> 00:19:26,520 Speaker 1: like one that might give him an advantage over the 344 00:19:26,520 --> 00:19:30,159 Speaker 1: other drivers and their newer, faster cars. The track in 345 00:19:30,240 --> 00:19:32,960 Speaker 1: Jacksonville was dirt, which was a lot more common in 346 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:35,679 Speaker 1: the sixties than it is now, and on top of that, 347 00:19:35,800 --> 00:19:39,480 Speaker 1: it wasn't particularly well maintained dirt. It tended to start 348 00:19:39,520 --> 00:19:42,399 Speaker 1: out full of potholes and gullies and only get worse 349 00:19:42,440 --> 00:19:45,520 Speaker 1: as the race went on. So Scott thought that all 350 00:19:45,600 --> 00:19:49,199 Speaker 1: those earlier years hauling moonshine on country roads and racing 351 00:19:49,240 --> 00:19:52,600 Speaker 1: on less than stellar dirt tracks at fairgrounds and stuff 352 00:19:52,640 --> 00:19:55,399 Speaker 1: like that might give him an edge. And he hoped 353 00:19:55,480 --> 00:19:57,800 Speaker 1: that if he placed well, he might get a sponsorship 354 00:19:58,080 --> 00:20:01,240 Speaker 1: from Ford Motor Company, which would finally give him access 355 00:20:01,520 --> 00:20:04,439 Speaker 1: to the same caliber of cars that his competition had. 356 00:20:05,440 --> 00:20:09,040 Speaker 1: His qualifying round and Jacksonville didn't go very well, even 357 00:20:09,040 --> 00:20:11,960 Speaker 1: though he was really used to driving fast on rough terrain. 358 00:20:12,119 --> 00:20:15,800 Speaker 1: The car was just too tightly sprung. It would hit 359 00:20:15,840 --> 00:20:19,520 Speaker 1: the ruts and potholes, and then corenem kind of uncontrollably 360 00:20:19,880 --> 00:20:23,280 Speaker 1: was just way too bouncy to handle at high speeds. 361 00:20:23,320 --> 00:20:26,159 Speaker 1: He finished fifteen out of twenty two, which meant his 362 00:20:26,240 --> 00:20:28,800 Speaker 1: starting position would be almost at the back of the pack. 363 00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:32,280 Speaker 1: There was no way he could rebuild his car before 364 00:20:32,320 --> 00:20:35,560 Speaker 1: the race itself, but nevertheless, he got under it and 365 00:20:35,560 --> 00:20:37,479 Speaker 1: he started looking around to see if he could think 366 00:20:37,520 --> 00:20:40,520 Speaker 1: of a solution that would make it handle better. And 367 00:20:40,600 --> 00:20:43,080 Speaker 1: what he finally decided to do was to take one 368 00:20:43,080 --> 00:20:45,600 Speaker 1: of the two shock absorbers off of each wheel, so 369 00:20:45,640 --> 00:20:48,280 Speaker 1: that he'd still have some cushioning, but not be so 370 00:20:48,400 --> 00:20:51,280 Speaker 1: tightly sprung that he just ricocheted off of every obstacle. 371 00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:56,359 Speaker 1: This worked incredibly well. When the race started, his car 372 00:20:56,400 --> 00:20:58,600 Speaker 1: was handling better than anyone else on the field, and 373 00:20:58,640 --> 00:21:01,280 Speaker 1: then on top of that, the other cars were bouncing 374 00:21:01,320 --> 00:21:03,240 Speaker 1: around so much, so much that a lot of the 375 00:21:03,320 --> 00:21:05,800 Speaker 1: drivers dropped out of the race because of damage in 376 00:21:05,840 --> 00:21:09,760 Speaker 1: their wheels, axles, and suspension. With more than twenty laps 377 00:21:09,800 --> 00:21:13,280 Speaker 1: to go, Scott was in second place behind Richard Petty, 378 00:21:13,320 --> 00:21:16,520 Speaker 1: and he was reluctant to try to pass him, although 379 00:21:16,560 --> 00:21:19,360 Speaker 1: he and Petty became friends. Petty had put him into 380 00:21:19,359 --> 00:21:21,520 Speaker 1: the wall at a race earlier in the same year, 381 00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:25,040 Speaker 1: but Petty's car was damaged by the road condition. Like 382 00:21:25,119 --> 00:21:28,159 Speaker 1: so many other drivers, he slowed down due to a 383 00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:32,199 Speaker 1: broken steering arm, and Scott easily got past him. But 384 00:21:32,280 --> 00:21:35,639 Speaker 1: the next time that Scott could see the scoreboard, which 385 00:21:35,680 --> 00:21:38,480 Speaker 1: had been showing him in second place, his name wasn't 386 00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:43,280 Speaker 1: on it anymore. The scoreboard was blank. Scott knew how 387 00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:45,840 Speaker 1: many laps there were to go, he knew he was 388 00:21:45,880 --> 00:21:48,280 Speaker 1: ahead of everyone else, and when he got to what 389 00:21:48,359 --> 00:21:51,320 Speaker 1: should have been the finish, the checkered flag did not drop. 390 00:21:51,880 --> 00:21:55,160 Speaker 1: He kept driving confused for two more laps, but when 391 00:21:55,160 --> 00:21:58,560 Speaker 1: the checkered flag did drop, it wasn't for him, it 392 00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:02,280 Speaker 1: was for Buck Baker. Scott was marked as coming in third. 393 00:22:03,320 --> 00:22:07,040 Speaker 1: There continues to be disagreement about exactly what happened. Scott 394 00:22:07,119 --> 00:22:10,200 Speaker 1: was completely confident that he had won the race, as 395 00:22:10,240 --> 00:22:13,760 Speaker 1: were some of the scorekeepers. Scorekeeping having a kind of 396 00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:16,639 Speaker 1: a weird way where somebody manually counted all of your laps, 397 00:22:17,240 --> 00:22:19,080 Speaker 1: and a lot of times a person manually counting all 398 00:22:19,080 --> 00:22:21,240 Speaker 1: of your laps was like a friend or family member, 399 00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:23,560 Speaker 1: like Buck Baker's wife was keeping score for him, and 400 00:22:23,640 --> 00:22:26,240 Speaker 1: a lot of times Wendell Scott's wife would keep score 401 00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:28,520 Speaker 1: for him, so there's this whole manual process. A lot 402 00:22:28,520 --> 00:22:31,760 Speaker 1: of the scorekeepers were like, no, um, Wendell Scott definitely 403 00:22:31,920 --> 00:22:35,240 Speaker 1: won this. A lot of the drivers who had started 404 00:22:35,280 --> 00:22:37,040 Speaker 1: the race but then had to drop out because of 405 00:22:37,119 --> 00:22:41,800 Speaker 1: mechanical problems were watching the race and also all knew 406 00:22:41,920 --> 00:22:46,040 Speaker 1: that Wendell Scott had won. The theories about why his 407 00:22:46,160 --> 00:22:49,159 Speaker 1: name had disappeared from the scoreboard and why he wasn't 408 00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:54,080 Speaker 1: recognized as the winner included that officials didn't want a 409 00:22:54,080 --> 00:22:57,560 Speaker 1: black man to win the race, or that officials didn't 410 00:22:57,560 --> 00:23:00,000 Speaker 1: want a black man to kiss the white beauty queen 411 00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:04,240 Speaker 1: who was always there and was traditionally kissed by the 412 00:23:04,240 --> 00:23:09,680 Speaker 1: winner when the trophy was presented. Meanwhile, NASCAR's position has 413 00:23:09,720 --> 00:23:12,480 Speaker 1: been that it was just an honest mistake, although that 414 00:23:12,520 --> 00:23:15,520 Speaker 1: doesn't really explain how the scoreboard that had showed him 415 00:23:15,520 --> 00:23:20,640 Speaker 1: in second place for so long suddenly displayed nothing. Eventually, 416 00:23:20,760 --> 00:23:23,560 Speaker 1: the mistake was corrected and Scott was given the one 417 00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:26,000 Speaker 1: thousand dollars prize money he was owed for the win, 418 00:23:26,840 --> 00:23:29,479 Speaker 1: but by that point the race was long over, the 419 00:23:29,520 --> 00:23:33,120 Speaker 1: media and the spectators were all gone. The real trophy 420 00:23:33,200 --> 00:23:35,280 Speaker 1: was gone too, and it has never been clear what 421 00:23:35,400 --> 00:23:39,320 Speaker 1: exactly happened to it. At the next official race in Savannah, 422 00:23:39,359 --> 00:23:41,960 Speaker 1: Scott was presented with the trophy of a sort that 423 00:23:42,040 --> 00:23:45,200 Speaker 1: you might give to a youth sports team for participating. 424 00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:48,560 Speaker 1: It wasn't personalized, and it said nothing about his win. 425 00:23:49,320 --> 00:23:52,280 Speaker 1: It was presented at a small ceremony at which the 426 00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:55,240 Speaker 1: focus was on how so many other drivers had dropped 427 00:23:55,280 --> 00:23:57,840 Speaker 1: out of the race, making it seem like that was 428 00:23:57,920 --> 00:24:02,639 Speaker 1: the only reason that Scott won. That same day in Savannah, 429 00:24:02,720 --> 00:24:05,800 Speaker 1: somebody cut one of Wendell Scott's tires in a way 430 00:24:05,840 --> 00:24:08,879 Speaker 1: that was almost certain to cause a wreck, but he 431 00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:13,359 Speaker 1: spotted the damage totally by coincidence while doing some breakwork 432 00:24:13,440 --> 00:24:17,440 Speaker 1: before the race started. In spite of this massive disappointment, 433 00:24:17,800 --> 00:24:22,159 Speaker 1: Scott kept racing in Charlotte. In nineteen sixty four, he 434 00:24:22,280 --> 00:24:25,280 Speaker 1: started in the fortieth position at the World six hundred 435 00:24:25,359 --> 00:24:28,040 Speaker 1: and ended in ninth, which was a record breaking finish 436 00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:31,240 Speaker 1: for someone so far back in the pack. That same year, 437 00:24:31,280 --> 00:24:33,720 Speaker 1: the Civil Rights Act of nineteen sixty four made it 438 00:24:33,760 --> 00:24:37,360 Speaker 1: illegal for race officials in Darlington to keep denying him 439 00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:41,240 Speaker 1: entry because of his race. NASCAR officials have maintained that 440 00:24:41,280 --> 00:24:43,719 Speaker 1: Scott was always treated fairly and that they had no 441 00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:47,800 Speaker 1: knowledge of his being barred from Darlington. Also in nineteen 442 00:24:47,840 --> 00:24:51,359 Speaker 1: sixty four, Ned Jarrett suggested to Lei A. Coca, who 443 00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:54,800 Speaker 1: was then vice president of Ford Motor Company, that Ford 444 00:24:54,920 --> 00:24:59,040 Speaker 1: give Wendell Scott a car, and they did kind of. 445 00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:01,840 Speaker 1: It was older model that had been sitting out in 446 00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:04,560 Speaker 1: a field and had parts stolen off of it, which 447 00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:06,640 Speaker 1: Scott bought for a dollar and then put a lot 448 00:25:06,640 --> 00:25:10,000 Speaker 1: of work into fixing up himself. This, as was so 449 00:25:10,080 --> 00:25:12,840 Speaker 1: often the case, was a faster car than he had 450 00:25:12,880 --> 00:25:15,840 Speaker 1: been driving, but this mostly seemed like a way for 451 00:25:15,840 --> 00:25:20,640 Speaker 1: Ford to give him a car without angering racist fans 452 00:25:21,119 --> 00:25:23,600 Speaker 1: or seeming to sit to take a side in the 453 00:25:23,680 --> 00:25:28,600 Speaker 1: civil rights issue at Darlington. By nineteen sixty five, Scott 454 00:25:28,640 --> 00:25:31,239 Speaker 1: was ranked eleventh in the nation, and that year he 455 00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:34,439 Speaker 1: won twenty thousand dollars in prize money and was getting 456 00:25:34,480 --> 00:25:37,159 Speaker 1: almost as much applause as the top drivers when he 457 00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:41,439 Speaker 1: was introduced. But the late nineteen sixties were otherwise extremely 458 00:25:41,480 --> 00:25:44,840 Speaker 1: difficult for him. Technology had progressed to the point that 459 00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:47,760 Speaker 1: it was almost impossible for an owner driver to take 460 00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:51,360 Speaker 1: on a factory sponsored team, and Scott's own cars were 461 00:25:51,400 --> 00:25:55,680 Speaker 1: plagued with serious mechanical problems. He also had multiple other 462 00:25:55,720 --> 00:25:59,560 Speaker 1: incidents where like by his count and his scorekeepers count, 463 00:25:59,560 --> 00:26:02,560 Speaker 1: he should have been in the top three, but instead 464 00:26:02,600 --> 00:26:08,159 Speaker 1: he was recorded as being farther down, skipping ahead just 465 00:26:08,359 --> 00:26:11,080 Speaker 1: a bit. In nineteen seventy two, at the age of fifty, 466 00:26:11,320 --> 00:26:13,359 Speaker 1: he was supposed to be part of a big publicity 467 00:26:13,359 --> 00:26:15,800 Speaker 1: stunt where he would be given a high performance car 468 00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:18,399 Speaker 1: to race, one that was actually on par with what 469 00:26:18,480 --> 00:26:22,360 Speaker 1: the factory sponsored drivers had. This car was to be 470 00:26:22,440 --> 00:26:25,240 Speaker 1: provided by Junior Johnson, and there was a history of 471 00:26:25,320 --> 00:26:28,439 Speaker 1: other drivers having their first really big break in a 472 00:26:28,560 --> 00:26:32,280 Speaker 1: Junior Johnson car. But for some reason, he didn't get 473 00:26:32,320 --> 00:26:34,800 Speaker 1: a Junior Johnson car. He got a car that had 474 00:26:34,840 --> 00:26:37,439 Speaker 1: been rented from another team with a lower budget, and 475 00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:40,879 Speaker 1: it broke down before the end of the highly hyped race. 476 00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:44,480 Speaker 1: Junior Johnson has said that it was just a matter 477 00:26:44,520 --> 00:26:46,480 Speaker 1: of not being able to get Scott the kind of 478 00:26:46,520 --> 00:26:48,879 Speaker 1: car they wanted in time, that it was just a 479 00:26:48,880 --> 00:26:52,480 Speaker 1: regrettable lack of resources. But at the same time there 480 00:26:52,480 --> 00:26:54,480 Speaker 1: had been a lot of talk about whether he could 481 00:26:54,520 --> 00:26:57,960 Speaker 1: really handle a high performance car, and the person who 482 00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:01,640 Speaker 1: was responsible for actually sourcing the vehicle was someone who 483 00:27:01,640 --> 00:27:05,399 Speaker 1: had intentionally wrecked him repeatedly and had used racist language 484 00:27:05,440 --> 00:27:08,080 Speaker 1: around him during their time racing on the same tracks. 485 00:27:09,119 --> 00:27:13,320 Speaker 1: On May sixty three, Scott started in the Winston five 486 00:27:13,400 --> 00:27:16,720 Speaker 1: hundred at Talladega Superspeedway. He was trying to take his 487 00:27:16,840 --> 00:27:20,360 Speaker 1: one last big shot to try to get a big win. 488 00:27:21,240 --> 00:27:23,360 Speaker 1: He had sunk all of his money into a race 489 00:27:23,400 --> 00:27:26,399 Speaker 1: car that he thought could perform on par with the 490 00:27:26,440 --> 00:27:30,360 Speaker 1: other drivers, including mortgaging his house and borrowing money from 491 00:27:30,359 --> 00:27:33,239 Speaker 1: everyone he knew. This was a new Mercury built by 492 00:27:33,280 --> 00:27:35,199 Speaker 1: Home and Moody, which was a shop that had a 493 00:27:35,440 --> 00:27:39,399 Speaker 1: stellar reputation, which he had found for sale without an engine. 494 00:27:40,680 --> 00:27:44,600 Speaker 1: George Wallace was the races Grand Marshal, and several of 495 00:27:44,640 --> 00:27:47,760 Speaker 1: Scott's family were there at the race, including his sons 496 00:27:47,800 --> 00:27:50,240 Speaker 1: who were working in the pit crew, and a daughter 497 00:27:50,400 --> 00:27:55,080 Speaker 1: who had skipped her college graduation to come. The three 498 00:27:55,160 --> 00:27:59,440 Speaker 1: race saw one of the most famous accidents at Talladega Superspeedway. 499 00:28:00,040 --> 00:28:03,240 Speaker 1: Head of the race, at least one NASCAR executive cautioned 500 00:28:03,600 --> 00:28:06,159 Speaker 1: that they were fielding way too many cars and he 501 00:28:06,240 --> 00:28:09,439 Speaker 1: foresaw a massive pile up in the making. On the 502 00:28:09,560 --> 00:28:12,320 Speaker 1: ninth lap, one of the drivers blew an engine, which 503 00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:14,959 Speaker 1: spread oil along the track and sparked a pile up 504 00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:18,760 Speaker 1: that wrecked twenty one cars, putting nineteen of them out 505 00:28:18,760 --> 00:28:22,400 Speaker 1: of the race. Scott was caught up in all this, 506 00:28:22,520 --> 00:28:25,240 Speaker 1: but at first he thought he was okay. Another car 507 00:28:25,359 --> 00:28:27,520 Speaker 1: hit him and pushed him into the enfield, where it 508 00:28:27,520 --> 00:28:29,399 Speaker 1: seemed like he was out of the way of the 509 00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:32,400 Speaker 1: ongoing crash without all that much damage to his car. 510 00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:36,720 Speaker 1: But then another driver crashed into him hard. It damaged 511 00:28:36,760 --> 00:28:39,560 Speaker 1: the car beyond repair, and it injured him very badly. 512 00:28:40,200 --> 00:28:43,920 Speaker 1: He broke multiple ribs, his pelvis, both knees, and a leg. 513 00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:47,000 Speaker 1: He also got a gash in his arm that required 514 00:28:47,040 --> 00:28:50,560 Speaker 1: sixty stitches. His sons, who were in the pit, did 515 00:28:50,600 --> 00:28:53,680 Speaker 1: not see what had happened. When another driver drove in, 516 00:28:53,760 --> 00:28:56,360 Speaker 1: they asked where their father was, and that driver told 517 00:28:56,400 --> 00:28:59,640 Speaker 1: them that he was dead. Scott was immediately taken to 518 00:28:59,640 --> 00:29:02,360 Speaker 1: the hospital and he was hospitalized for more than a month, 519 00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:05,680 Speaker 1: and although he did drive in a few more races 520 00:29:05,760 --> 00:29:09,040 Speaker 1: after he was off of crutches, this effectively ended his 521 00:29:09,160 --> 00:29:12,600 Speaker 1: racing career. He had had a hundred and forty seven 522 00:29:12,640 --> 00:29:15,680 Speaker 1: top ten finishes out of his four hundred nine starts 523 00:29:15,680 --> 00:29:18,960 Speaker 1: in the Grand National Series. He went back to try 524 00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:21,400 Speaker 1: to earn a living as a mechanic, and he started 525 00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:25,160 Speaker 1: spending more time working with New Hope Baptist Church. Although 526 00:29:25,200 --> 00:29:27,880 Speaker 1: fans raised money to help him cover his hospital bills, 527 00:29:28,240 --> 00:29:31,920 Speaker 1: it took him nine years to pay off the car bill. 528 00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:35,160 Speaker 1: France Senior had retired from NASCAR at this point and 529 00:29:35,240 --> 00:29:39,320 Speaker 1: had served with George Wallace's presidential campaign in Florida. He 530 00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:42,800 Speaker 1: offered compensation to all the wreck drivers at Talladega that day, 531 00:29:42,840 --> 00:29:46,040 Speaker 1: trying to offset the cost of their damaged or destroyed cars. 532 00:29:46,680 --> 00:29:48,520 Speaker 1: When he came around to talk to the drivers, Scott 533 00:29:48,560 --> 00:29:51,400 Speaker 1: was already at the hospital. He never had that conversation. 534 00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:55,240 Speaker 1: The France family did contribute fifteen hundred dollars to his 535 00:29:55,320 --> 00:29:58,719 Speaker 1: medical bills, according to family records, and Richard Petty, who 536 00:29:58,760 --> 00:30:01,160 Speaker 1: they had actually become quite clo as friends, contributed five 537 00:30:01,200 --> 00:30:04,200 Speaker 1: hundred dollars that fifteen hundred dollars would not have really 538 00:30:04,200 --> 00:30:06,640 Speaker 1: even made a dent, and how much the car cost, 539 00:30:06,840 --> 00:30:08,920 Speaker 1: like he had gone at least twenty two dollars in 540 00:30:08,960 --> 00:30:13,080 Speaker 1: debt paying for it. In nine seventy seven, Wendell Scott 541 00:30:13,120 --> 00:30:15,840 Speaker 1: was inducted into the Black Athletes Hall of Fame. In 542 00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:18,480 Speaker 1: that same year, he consulted on the movie Greased Lightning, 543 00:30:18,680 --> 00:30:21,120 Speaker 1: which started Richard Pryor and Pam Greer. It was a 544 00:30:21,160 --> 00:30:26,080 Speaker 1: fictionalized biography drama based on Scott's racing career. This is 545 00:30:26,120 --> 00:30:28,680 Speaker 1: another moment whereas I was doing this and I said 546 00:30:28,680 --> 00:30:30,640 Speaker 1: at the top of part one that when I was 547 00:30:30,680 --> 00:30:33,920 Speaker 1: watching Timeless, I had a stop right there, stop the presses, 548 00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:38,080 Speaker 1: we have to do a podcast episode. Um, all the 549 00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:40,560 Speaker 1: various articles that I was reading all just sort of 550 00:30:40,600 --> 00:30:43,800 Speaker 1: said blah blah blah during Richard Pryor seven, and then 551 00:30:43,840 --> 00:30:45,440 Speaker 1: I got to the one that said Richard Pryor and 552 00:30:45,480 --> 00:30:48,160 Speaker 1: Pam green Er, and I was like, stop, stop right there. 553 00:30:48,560 --> 00:30:51,080 Speaker 1: I need to go find this movie. And to be candid, 554 00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:53,400 Speaker 1: I have not watched the movie because I needed to 555 00:30:53,400 --> 00:30:57,760 Speaker 1: finish writing this podcast. Uh. But as soon as I 556 00:30:57,800 --> 00:31:01,040 Speaker 1: heard that it was that it was both Richard Pryor 557 00:31:01,120 --> 00:31:03,040 Speaker 1: and Pam Greer, I was like, I gotta check this 558 00:31:03,080 --> 00:31:07,360 Speaker 1: thing out. Wendell Scott died of spinal cancer on December 559 00:31:07,440 --> 00:31:13,200 Speaker 1: twenty three. Other drivers and racing personalities auctioned off memorabilia 560 00:31:13,320 --> 00:31:16,240 Speaker 1: to help pay for his treatment and care. He was 561 00:31:16,280 --> 00:31:18,880 Speaker 1: inducted into a number of other halls of fame after 562 00:31:18,920 --> 00:31:22,000 Speaker 1: his death, including the National Sports Hall of Fame, the 563 00:31:22,040 --> 00:31:25,520 Speaker 1: International Motor Sports Hall of Fame, and the National Motor 564 00:31:25,560 --> 00:31:30,080 Speaker 1: Sports Press Association Hall of Fame. In ten he became 565 00:31:30,120 --> 00:31:33,000 Speaker 1: the first black man to be inducted into the NASCAR 566 00:31:33,120 --> 00:31:37,320 Speaker 1: Hall of Fame. Although NASCAR has launched diversity initiatives in 567 00:31:37,360 --> 00:31:41,080 Speaker 1: more recent years, it would be decades before the organization 568 00:31:41,200 --> 00:31:45,800 Speaker 1: had another full time black driver. In January of Darryl 569 00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:49,520 Speaker 1: Wallace Jr. Known as Bubba, became NASCAR's first full time 570 00:31:49,560 --> 00:31:53,440 Speaker 1: black driver in its top series since Wendell Scott. If 571 00:31:53,440 --> 00:31:56,640 Speaker 1: you want to learn more about Wendell Scott, I highly 572 00:31:56,760 --> 00:31:59,640 Speaker 1: recommend the book Hard Driving The Wendell Scott Story by 573 00:31:59,640 --> 00:32:02,960 Speaker 1: Bryan and Donovan. It is extremely good. Just a heads 574 00:32:03,040 --> 00:32:06,440 Speaker 1: up there is a lot of racist language in it 575 00:32:06,520 --> 00:32:09,600 Speaker 1: because of what it's talking about and when uh, it 576 00:32:09,680 --> 00:32:12,719 Speaker 1: is pretty widely available. I was able to find it 577 00:32:12,760 --> 00:32:17,880 Speaker 1: in the public Library network here in Massachusetts. Um Also, 578 00:32:18,600 --> 00:32:21,400 Speaker 1: one of the points that Brian Donovan makes is that 579 00:32:21,680 --> 00:32:24,600 Speaker 1: for so much of Wendell Scott's racing career, it was 580 00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:27,480 Speaker 1: happening during the Civil rights movement. In places that the 581 00:32:27,480 --> 00:32:30,840 Speaker 1: Civil Rights movement was really active, and there was a 582 00:32:30,880 --> 00:32:35,000 Speaker 1: lot of white backlash against the Civil rights movement. Like 583 00:32:35,840 --> 00:32:39,920 Speaker 1: people today lionized Martin Luther King Jr. But in a 584 00:32:39,960 --> 00:32:42,520 Speaker 1: lot of places that the Civil Rights movement was was 585 00:32:43,040 --> 00:32:47,479 Speaker 1: demonstrating and protesting, like people hated him, and they hated 586 00:32:47,520 --> 00:32:49,880 Speaker 1: the Civil Rights movement. They hated everything that it stood for. 587 00:32:50,480 --> 00:32:52,960 Speaker 1: And the fact that Wendell Scott was a black man 588 00:32:53,080 --> 00:32:57,440 Speaker 1: that the white audience of NASCAR started rooting for was 589 00:32:57,480 --> 00:33:02,160 Speaker 1: a really big deal. Uh. And his his contention is 590 00:33:02,280 --> 00:33:07,680 Speaker 1: that Wendell Scott did more to help race race relations 591 00:33:07,720 --> 00:33:11,800 Speaker 1: in these like very conservative parts of the South then 592 00:33:12,120 --> 00:33:15,680 Speaker 1: like the more active work that was about trying to 593 00:33:15,760 --> 00:33:17,960 Speaker 1: change the system. It was like for a lot of people, 594 00:33:18,000 --> 00:33:20,640 Speaker 1: this was the first time they saw a black man 595 00:33:20,760 --> 00:33:23,400 Speaker 1: who they respected and who they wanted to do well, 596 00:33:23,440 --> 00:33:25,240 Speaker 1: and who in a lot of cases they would literally 597 00:33:25,320 --> 00:33:31,080 Speaker 1: cheer cheer for when he bested white drivers. UM. So 598 00:33:31,120 --> 00:33:34,560 Speaker 1: it is an amazing story, and I'm really glad he 599 00:33:34,600 --> 00:33:37,360 Speaker 1: was on an episode of Timeless, Otherwise I don't think 600 00:33:37,400 --> 00:33:39,480 Speaker 1: I would have known. I don't think this is somebody 601 00:33:39,520 --> 00:33:43,080 Speaker 1: that um that listeners have have written to us to 602 00:33:43,120 --> 00:33:44,800 Speaker 1: ask for I'm going to be honest that I did 603 00:33:44,800 --> 00:33:47,240 Speaker 1: not search the whole list to see but like the 604 00:33:47,280 --> 00:33:49,800 Speaker 1: first time I ever remember seeing his name was on Timeless, 605 00:33:49,800 --> 00:33:51,840 Speaker 1: and everybody that I've talked to about this episode while 606 00:33:51,840 --> 00:33:54,080 Speaker 1: working on it has been like, I'm sorry, what there 607 00:33:54,120 --> 00:33:57,080 Speaker 1: was a black NASCAR driver during the Jim Crow era? How? 608 00:33:57,520 --> 00:34:01,520 Speaker 1: How was this possible? I all to have some listener mail. 609 00:34:02,800 --> 00:34:05,600 Speaker 1: This is from Robin uh. It is about our Ignat 610 00:34:05,640 --> 00:34:08,120 Speaker 1: simil Vice episode, and it's one of a couple of 611 00:34:08,200 --> 00:34:09,919 Speaker 1: letters that we got about the thing that we said 612 00:34:09,960 --> 00:34:14,399 Speaker 1: at the end um about hospital acquired infections still being 613 00:34:14,440 --> 00:34:19,200 Speaker 1: a major problem and still being connected to handwashing. We 614 00:34:19,280 --> 00:34:21,800 Speaker 1: know there are a lot of other reasons for hospital 615 00:34:21,840 --> 00:34:25,520 Speaker 1: acquired infections, and Robin's letter says, I've been listening to 616 00:34:25,560 --> 00:34:28,480 Speaker 1: your podcast for about four years and I'm always recommending 617 00:34:28,480 --> 00:34:31,440 Speaker 1: it to my colleagues. I am a visiting hospice nurse, 618 00:34:31,520 --> 00:34:32,960 Speaker 1: so I have lots of time to listen to your 619 00:34:32,960 --> 00:34:35,520 Speaker 1: podcast while driving to patients houses or to visit them 620 00:34:35,520 --> 00:34:39,080 Speaker 1: in the hospital. I loved the episode about Ignace simil Vice, 621 00:34:39,200 --> 00:34:41,759 Speaker 1: and it resonated with me when you mentioned that it 622 00:34:41,920 --> 00:34:45,160 Speaker 1: drove him crazy that people wouldn't wash their hands because 623 00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:48,920 Speaker 1: it was literally killing women when they didn't. Hospital workers 624 00:34:48,920 --> 00:34:51,440 Speaker 1: are struggling with a similar issue now that makes us 625 00:34:51,440 --> 00:34:54,200 Speaker 1: all pull our hair out because our patients are literally dying. 626 00:34:54,960 --> 00:34:58,240 Speaker 1: To stop the spread of hospital acquired infections, we sometimes 627 00:34:58,280 --> 00:35:02,399 Speaker 1: place patients with known infect sens on contact precautions, as 628 00:35:02,440 --> 00:35:05,319 Speaker 1: these type of infections will spread like wildfire among our 629 00:35:05,360 --> 00:35:09,000 Speaker 1: immuno compromised patients, those on chemotherapy, the very old, and 630 00:35:09,040 --> 00:35:12,160 Speaker 1: the very young. There is a sign outside their room 631 00:35:12,320 --> 00:35:14,600 Speaker 1: and instructions on what to wear when you go. In 632 00:35:15,239 --> 00:35:17,680 Speaker 1: Most of the times this includes a big yellow apron 633 00:35:17,680 --> 00:35:21,160 Speaker 1: called a gown, gloves, and sometimes a mask. All of 634 00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:23,600 Speaker 1: these items should be taken off and disposed of as 635 00:35:23,600 --> 00:35:25,560 Speaker 1: soon as you leave the room, and there's a garbage 636 00:35:25,600 --> 00:35:27,840 Speaker 1: can at the door. Nothing should be taken out of 637 00:35:27,880 --> 00:35:30,759 Speaker 1: the room until the patient is discharged, as this is 638 00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:35,800 Speaker 1: considered contaminated. This is not to protect that specific patient 639 00:35:36,040 --> 00:35:38,200 Speaker 1: as they already have the infection, and many times it 640 00:35:38,239 --> 00:35:40,800 Speaker 1: is not to protect the healthcare workers because their immune 641 00:35:40,800 --> 00:35:43,560 Speaker 1: systems would fight off the infection. This is to prevent 642 00:35:43,600 --> 00:35:46,919 Speaker 1: the spread of infection to other patients. Many times well 643 00:35:46,960 --> 00:35:50,080 Speaker 1: meeting family members will not understand the precautions and enter 644 00:35:50,160 --> 00:35:52,239 Speaker 1: the room without a gown because they don't feel like 645 00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:55,239 Speaker 1: wearing one. Other times we see family members going in 646 00:35:55,320 --> 00:35:57,040 Speaker 1: and out of the rooms wearing the gown and and 647 00:35:57,239 --> 00:36:01,120 Speaker 1: inadvertently touching things in the hallway. One time on our floor, 648 00:36:01,160 --> 00:36:04,399 Speaker 1: a family member was consistently bringing a water picture out 649 00:36:04,400 --> 00:36:07,400 Speaker 1: of the patient's contact precautions room to refill it at 650 00:36:07,400 --> 00:36:10,880 Speaker 1: the common water dispenser and repeatedly dismissed to the healthcare 651 00:36:10,920 --> 00:36:13,600 Speaker 1: team's instructions not to do that. She sated she was 652 00:36:13,640 --> 00:36:17,040 Speaker 1: just helping the nurses out the infection. This patient had 653 00:36:17,080 --> 00:36:20,080 Speaker 1: a type of severe diarrhea spread throughout the unit, and 654 00:36:20,120 --> 00:36:23,000 Speaker 1: the water dispenser was cultured and found to be contaminated. 655 00:36:23,360 --> 00:36:25,560 Speaker 1: While I know this seems like such a hassle to 656 00:36:25,600 --> 00:36:27,800 Speaker 1: wear a gown in gloves, if there is a sign 657 00:36:27,800 --> 00:36:29,880 Speaker 1: on the patient's door that says to do this, we 658 00:36:29,960 --> 00:36:33,320 Speaker 1: implore everyone to do it. People are literally dying because 659 00:36:33,320 --> 00:36:35,919 Speaker 1: well meeting visitors don't follow the rules. I just wanted 660 00:36:35,960 --> 00:36:38,240 Speaker 1: to say that out there as a big thing everyone 661 00:36:38,280 --> 00:36:41,719 Speaker 1: can do in hospitals to prevent infection. Again, thank you 662 00:36:41,800 --> 00:36:44,920 Speaker 1: for four years of edutainment, serving as the gateway podcast 663 00:36:44,960 --> 00:36:47,879 Speaker 1: too many other fantastic shows. Robin, thank you so much, 664 00:36:47,960 --> 00:36:50,960 Speaker 1: Robin number one for doing work that I know. I 665 00:36:51,320 --> 00:36:53,440 Speaker 1: know people who work in hospice care and how that 666 00:36:53,480 --> 00:36:56,920 Speaker 1: can be a challenging and simultaneously rewarding role, and it's 667 00:36:56,920 --> 00:36:59,879 Speaker 1: such important work for people who really need that kind 668 00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:02,880 Speaker 1: help and support. And also for providing us with this 669 00:37:02,920 --> 00:37:06,120 Speaker 1: little p s A about how listeners can help prevent 670 00:37:06,280 --> 00:37:08,319 Speaker 1: the spread of infection if they go to visit loved 671 00:37:08,360 --> 00:37:11,480 Speaker 1: ones in the hospital. If you would like to write 672 00:37:11,480 --> 00:37:13,560 Speaker 1: to us about this or any other podcast, where a 673 00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:16,759 Speaker 1: history podcast that how Stuff Works dot com. We are 674 00:37:16,840 --> 00:37:20,120 Speaker 1: also all over social media at the name miss in History, 675 00:37:20,239 --> 00:37:22,239 Speaker 1: so you will find us on Facebook and Pinterest and 676 00:37:22,320 --> 00:37:25,799 Speaker 1: Instagram and Twitter missed in History. You can come to 677 00:37:25,800 --> 00:37:28,440 Speaker 1: our website which is missed in History dot com. 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For more on this 687 00:38:00,360 --> 00:38:10,880 Speaker 1: and thousands of other topics, visit how stuff Works dot com. 688 00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:11,440 Speaker 1: M hm, m hm,