1
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Speaker 1: The slightest trace of gold and red flickered in the trees,

2
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Speaker 1: marking the end of summer and the impending close of

3
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Speaker 1: another year. Richard Worley and eight other men loaded a

4
00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:19,040
Speaker 1: handful of meager provisions of biscuits, water, and dried tongue

5
00:00:19,200 --> 00:00:22,800
Speaker 1: onto the small open boat. They had six aging muskets

6
00:00:22,840 --> 00:00:25,840
Speaker 1: and whatever ammunition they could find between them. What they

7
00:00:25,920 --> 00:00:28,360
Speaker 1: lacked in food and weapons that day, though in late

8
00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:31,840
Speaker 1: September of seventeen seventeen, the would be pirates made up

9
00:00:31,840 --> 00:00:35,680
Speaker 1: for in spirit. Inspired by Blackbeard's raid on ships to

10
00:00:35,720 --> 00:00:38,440
Speaker 1: the south a year earlier, the men set sail one

11
00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:42,240
Speaker 1: fifty miles to the Delaware River. If the legendary pirate

12
00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:44,960
Speaker 1: found the hunting grounds they're good enough, well, then so

13
00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:48,839
Speaker 1: would they. Lofty aspirations aside, they were well aware their

14
00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:52,000
Speaker 1: meager ship never stood a chance at plundering ships on

15
00:00:52,040 --> 00:00:55,880
Speaker 1: the high seas. Instead, they hugged the coastline, searching for

16
00:00:55,960 --> 00:00:59,480
Speaker 1: more suitable prey. When they reached the Delaware River without

17
00:00:59,520 --> 00:01:04,240
Speaker 1: a single raid, Warley suggested hunting upriver. Seventy five miles later,

18
00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:08,560
Speaker 1: near Newcastle, they happened upon a shell light sail boat

19
00:01:08,760 --> 00:01:11,959
Speaker 1: belonging to George Grant. After taking what they wanted, the

20
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Speaker 1: pirates set Grant and his boat free. The men might

21
00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:18,600
Speaker 1: have felt proud of their first act of piracy, although technically,

22
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Speaker 1: since the theft occurred on a river instead of the

23
00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:25,480
Speaker 1: high seas, most considered the raid more simple robbery. The

24
00:01:25,520 --> 00:01:28,640
Speaker 1: crew headed down river to hunt again, capturing a sloop.

25
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Speaker 1: Warley kept the ship along with half the crew, and

26
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Speaker 1: gave the rest his small boat in exchange. He upgraded

27
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Speaker 1: ships once more on the next raid. Now with a

28
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Speaker 1: worthy vessel, the pirates headed out to see Meanwhile, Grant

29
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Speaker 1: had raised the alarm. New York's governor sent out the

30
00:01:45,319 --> 00:01:48,279
Speaker 1: h MS Phoenix to search for the crew's original small

31
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Speaker 1: boat along the coastline, leaving Worley to slip out to

32
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Speaker 1: sea and head south. By late October, the crew of

33
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Speaker 1: nine had grown to twenty five. They had a ship

34
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Speaker 1: with six guns aboard and ashened a black flag with

35
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Speaker 1: a white death's head. With Worly as captain, the men

36
00:02:05,080 --> 00:02:07,680
Speaker 1: signed an oath agreeing to stand by the crew and

37
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Speaker 1: take no quarter. The pirates looked forward to a bright

38
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Speaker 1: and successful run, but they had no idea. Two forces

39
00:02:14,480 --> 00:02:18,560
Speaker 1: were working against them in nearby Charleston, South Carolina Governor

40
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Speaker 1: Robert Johnson, heard that another pirate, captain Moody, had anchored

41
00:02:22,639 --> 00:02:26,360
Speaker 1: just south of Charleston Bar. The news worried him. Blackbeard

42
00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:30,080
Speaker 1: Vane and Steve Bonnet had disrupted the port's trade, and

43
00:02:30,200 --> 00:02:34,040
Speaker 1: Johnson remained adamant it would never happen again. Knowing the

44
00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:37,680
Speaker 1: pirate had a formidable fleet and plenty of firepower, Johnson

45
00:02:37,680 --> 00:02:40,960
Speaker 1: assembled an even larger and more powerful fleet, intent on

46
00:02:41,080 --> 00:02:45,400
Speaker 1: capturing Moody. Unaware of the Governor's plans or Moody's whereabouts,

47
00:02:45,760 --> 00:02:49,160
Speaker 1: Warley and his crew set off to South Carolina's coast.

48
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Speaker 1: Nearly out of fresh water and provisions, they waited for

49
00:02:52,520 --> 00:02:55,920
Speaker 1: a passing ship. Moody caught wind of Johnson's plan and

50
00:02:56,040 --> 00:02:58,640
Speaker 1: headed out to sea, leaving the governor's men to find

51
00:02:58,680 --> 00:03:02,160
Speaker 1: only one pirate in the area. They mistook Worley for

52
00:03:02,240 --> 00:03:05,120
Speaker 1: Moody and ventured close enough to entice the pirates to

53
00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:08,239
Speaker 1: give chase. Worley took the baits and raised the flag.

54
00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:11,000
Speaker 1: When he drew close enough to engage, the governor's men

55
00:03:11,080 --> 00:03:14,720
Speaker 1: hoisted their flag and unleashed a barrage of fire into

56
00:03:14,760 --> 00:03:18,320
Speaker 1: Worly ship. Although the gunfire killed some of the pirates aboard,

57
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Speaker 1: Worley survived and stood trial. He died by hanging at

58
00:03:22,480 --> 00:03:26,799
Speaker 1: White Point Garden, where Blackbeards protege Steve Barnett had met

59
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Speaker 1: his own end just a few months earlier. Warley had

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Speaker 1: dreamed of the pirate life, and that's exactly what he got.

61
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Speaker 1: I'm Aaron Manky and welcome two pirates, three booters, buccaneers, rovers, privateers,

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00:03:48,840 --> 00:03:52,760
Speaker 1: whatever you called them. Sometimes the lines between government sanctioned

63
00:03:52,840 --> 00:03:56,960
Speaker 1: and unsanctioned piracy were a bit blurry. The acts and

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Speaker 1: the names caused plenty of headaches for governments and the

65
00:03:59,800 --> 00:04:03,920
Speaker 1: lead goal system, where sentencing depended on clear cut definitions

66
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Speaker 1: of legal versus illegal piracy. In short, piracy was complicated.

67
00:04:10,040 --> 00:04:13,320
Speaker 1: Now letters of mark could be forged, a few privateers

68
00:04:13,440 --> 00:04:16,800
Speaker 1: rated ships with revoked letters. Those on the receiving end

69
00:04:16,839 --> 00:04:20,320
Speaker 1: of sanctioned raids saw little to no difference between pirates

70
00:04:20,320 --> 00:04:24,880
Speaker 1: and privateers. Savvy lawyers probably found no shortage of loopholes

71
00:04:24,920 --> 00:04:28,159
Speaker 1: in the wording, forcing the prosecution to include a wide

72
00:04:28,240 --> 00:04:33,160
Speaker 1: array of terms when charging anyone with piracy. Author Captain Johnson,

73
00:04:33,400 --> 00:04:37,080
Speaker 1: who some scholars believed to be Daniel Dafoe pointed out

74
00:04:37,200 --> 00:04:40,080
Speaker 1: numerous instances of what courts of law considered to be

75
00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:43,880
Speaker 1: a pirate, sparing you the verbose wording and pages of

76
00:04:43,920 --> 00:04:46,880
Speaker 1: explanation that made my head hurt. Let's just say that

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00:04:46,960 --> 00:04:51,120
Speaker 1: attacking the Majesty's ships or rating a fellow countryman's vessel

78
00:04:51,320 --> 00:04:55,520
Speaker 1: are two basic examples of piracy. Also, anyone who aided

79
00:04:55,520 --> 00:04:58,960
Speaker 1: a pirate, purchased plunder goods from one, or concealed a

80
00:04:59,040 --> 00:05:03,200
Speaker 1: pirate risk being tried as an accomplice, complicating matters. Further,

81
00:05:03,320 --> 00:05:07,520
Speaker 1: colonies found the profitability and the protection gained from piracy

82
00:05:07,560 --> 00:05:11,599
Speaker 1: made reigning in the act difficult. Small colonies made a

83
00:05:11,640 --> 00:05:15,600
Speaker 1: good location for pirate operations. Small settlements also made them

84
00:05:15,680 --> 00:05:19,039
Speaker 1: vulnerable to attack. History tells us that England and other

85
00:05:19,120 --> 00:05:23,200
Speaker 1: European countries were often at war, Reducing available military might

86
00:05:23,320 --> 00:05:26,679
Speaker 1: and funding pirates on the side of the colonists often

87
00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:30,120
Speaker 1: proved a safer choice. Now, if you'll pardon the pun,

88
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Speaker 1: the Treaty of You treked in seventeen thirteen, uh turned

89
00:05:33,920 --> 00:05:36,679
Speaker 1: the tide, so to speak. With an agreement in place,

90
00:05:36,800 --> 00:05:40,280
Speaker 1: Britain had the resources to fight piracy. In seventeen eighteen,

91
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Speaker 1: the British Navy had a host of warships, sloops and

92
00:05:43,520 --> 00:05:46,320
Speaker 1: a few thousand men in the Caribbean, and each of

93
00:05:46,360 --> 00:05:49,360
Speaker 1: the ships housed a minimum of fifty guns, making even

94
00:05:49,400 --> 00:05:53,000
Speaker 1: the smallest vessel as powerful as the most formidable pirate ship,

95
00:05:53,240 --> 00:05:57,159
Speaker 1: Blackbeard's Queen Anne's Revenge. Still, curtailing the problem would take

96
00:05:57,160 --> 00:06:00,839
Speaker 1: more than a single approach. Pirate ships far outnumbered the

97
00:06:00,839 --> 00:06:04,599
Speaker 1: British Navy. Aside from sending extra naval ships to hunt pirates,

98
00:06:04,640 --> 00:06:08,560
Speaker 1: Britain introduced a few legislations. Governments often pardons to those

99
00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:11,760
Speaker 1: willing to give up piracy, as we've discussed before, and

100
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Speaker 1: while not effective on its own, they hoped that pardons

101
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Speaker 1: might weaken pirate cruise. We learned that the Flying Gang,

102
00:06:17,760 --> 00:06:21,960
Speaker 1: consisting of approximately three hundred pirates, gladly accepted the pardon

103
00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:26,040
Speaker 1: well initially. While that sounds significant, the pardons only helped

104
00:06:26,120 --> 00:06:29,680
Speaker 1: reduce attacks near the Bahamas, and of course, pirates risked

105
00:06:29,680 --> 00:06:34,000
Speaker 1: execution and governors hired informants and offered rewards to private

106
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Speaker 1: ships that captured pirate vessels. King George made a reward

107
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Speaker 1: structure for the capture of pirates based on hierarchy. Commanders

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00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:45,320
Speaker 1: fetched two hundred pounds. Principal officers earned the pirate hunter

109
00:06:45,440 --> 00:06:48,880
Speaker 1: forty pounds, while others brought in twenty to thirty, depending

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Speaker 1: on their rank. In seventeen twenty one, authorities required crews

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Speaker 1: armed aboard merchant ships to fight attacks from pirates. Failure

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Speaker 1: to resist piracy resulted in the loss of wages and

113
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Speaker 1: a six month jail sentence gone to where the days

114
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Speaker 1: when pirates had to be returned to England for trial

115
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Speaker 1: before the High Court, as stated in an Act of

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Speaker 1: Parliament originally put in place in fifteen thirty six. Instead,

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Speaker 1: a new act allowed local vice admirals to put pirates

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Speaker 1: on trial. The Act also granted executions as long as

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Speaker 1: they occurred on or nearby the sea. Trials rarely lasted

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Speaker 1: more than a couple of days and almost always favored

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Speaker 1: the court. Some pirates died awaiting execution, though, while others

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Speaker 1: were sent to the gallows to hang immediately after sentencing. Typically,

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Speaker 1: those bodies would remain on the gallows for three days

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Speaker 1: the tides came and went washing over the corpses. In England,

125
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Speaker 1: hanging several pirates simultaneously was not uncommon. Between seventeen sixteen

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Speaker 1: and seventeen twenty six, four hundred pirates met their fate

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Speaker 1: at the gallows. Forty one of Steve Bonnet's crew hanged

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Speaker 1: in seventeen eighteen, and in seventeen twenty two, over fifty

129
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Speaker 1: of Bartholomew Robert's crew are hanged in a group execution. Often,

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Speaker 1: the bodies of the most notorious pirates were tarred and

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Speaker 1: placed in a cage two rots in full public view.

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Speaker 1: The tar kept the body intact longer from the elements

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Speaker 1: and the seagulls, although I imagine it might also have

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Speaker 1: been a solid anti piracy campaign. Captain Kidd's body remained

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Speaker 1: on display for two years in England. In seventeen twenty one,

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00:08:24,080 --> 00:08:26,920
Speaker 1: Calico Jack's corpse was displayed in the cage for all

137
00:08:26,960 --> 00:08:30,280
Speaker 1: to see upon entering the harbor. A year later, Charles

138
00:08:30,400 --> 00:08:35,280
Speaker 1: Vane's body followed suit. Local authorities prominently displayed both pirates

139
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Speaker 1: on what is appropriately called dead Man's k in Port Royal.

140
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Speaker 1: But the Crown and the colonies had one more weapon

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Speaker 1: against piracy, the pirates themselves. The War of Spanish Secession,

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Speaker 1: otherwise known as Queen Ann's War, lasted from seventeen o

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Speaker 1: one until the Treaty of You tracked in seventeen thirteen.

144
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Speaker 1: British privateers roam the Caribbean during the war, making an

145
00:09:03,840 --> 00:09:07,280
Speaker 1: immense wealth for themselves. With nearly an unlimited supply of

146
00:09:07,320 --> 00:09:10,080
Speaker 1: ships to hunt, A good share of the crew spent

147
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Speaker 1: their fortunes as fast as they earned them. Too. Those

148
00:09:12,960 --> 00:09:15,800
Speaker 1: who operated out of places like Port Royal found themselves

149
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Speaker 1: abruptly unemployed with the treaty declared. For many, returning to

150
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Speaker 1: the Royal Navy wasn't an option. Even if the low

151
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Speaker 1: pay and abuse didn't deter them. The available job opportunities

152
00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:30,160
Speaker 1: had dried up. The long end drawn out war left

153
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Speaker 1: the Royal Navy bankrupt. Merchant ships became the only alternative, well,

154
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Speaker 1: the only legal one, that is. But life and work

155
00:09:38,559 --> 00:09:43,439
Speaker 1: aboard these vessels offered very little grueling work, poor living conditions,

156
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Speaker 1: and a pittance of pay did little to entice anyone. Still,

157
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Speaker 1: for the hungry and unemployed, something was better than nothing.

158
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Speaker 1: With an abundance of applicants, captains and shipowners cut the

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Speaker 1: already low wages in half, encouraging the rest to seek

160
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Speaker 1: employment elsewhere. Sailors chose another more lucrative option that offered

161
00:10:02,760 --> 00:10:07,400
Speaker 1: better pay, better living conditions, and humane treatment. Piracy for

162
00:10:07,480 --> 00:10:10,720
Speaker 1: those sailors, Continuing to raid French and Spanish vessels became

163
00:10:10,760 --> 00:10:15,200
Speaker 1: the most reasonable and justifiable path. The Spanish continued to

164
00:10:15,240 --> 00:10:18,240
Speaker 1: attack English ships, claiming that they were smugglers if they

165
00:10:18,240 --> 00:10:21,360
Speaker 1: found a single Spanish coin on board, an easy task

166
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Speaker 1: since that was the main currency of the Caribbean. The

167
00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:27,640
Speaker 1: Spanish killed or jailed any English captain or crew members

168
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Speaker 1: who dared to resist, and of course they would seize

169
00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:35,160
Speaker 1: their ship and the cargo. For British privateers, piracy provided

170
00:10:35,200 --> 00:10:38,080
Speaker 1: them with a living. For the colonies, the pirates served

171
00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:42,640
Speaker 1: as payback for Spanish harassment. Pirates posed little threat, especially

172
00:10:42,640 --> 00:10:47,200
Speaker 1: since most English pirates refrained from attacking British ships. Piracy

173
00:10:47,240 --> 00:10:50,520
Speaker 1: became the perfect solution for a man named Benjamin hornegal

174
00:10:50,960 --> 00:10:53,040
Speaker 1: Before the treaty, he had been one of England's most

175
00:10:53,080 --> 00:10:57,959
Speaker 1: dedicated privateers. In seventeen, the crown no longer needed his services,

176
00:10:58,360 --> 00:11:02,000
Speaker 1: and he found himself among the plethora of unemployed sailors.

177
00:11:02,520 --> 00:11:06,400
Speaker 1: In early summer, Hornegald and other sailors drank and commiserated

178
00:11:06,440 --> 00:11:10,479
Speaker 1: about their impending poverty and the constant harassment from the Spanish.

179
00:11:10,640 --> 00:11:12,920
Speaker 1: The more he thought about their predicament, the more he

180
00:11:12,960 --> 00:11:16,760
Speaker 1: felt confident his idea could work. They would retaliate against

181
00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:20,760
Speaker 1: the Spanish and earn a healthy living. Later that summer,

182
00:11:20,800 --> 00:11:23,960
Speaker 1: Hornegald managed to secure a crew and a ship. He'd

183
00:11:23,960 --> 00:11:27,280
Speaker 1: also plotted a course for the perfect hunting location. The

184
00:11:27,320 --> 00:11:30,480
Speaker 1: band of pirates left port and headed four fifty miles

185
00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:35,000
Speaker 1: north to a spot between Cuba and Hispaniola. Earlier we

186
00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:38,319
Speaker 1: learned that Hornegald found New Providence burned out and deserted,

187
00:11:38,520 --> 00:11:40,640
Speaker 1: and that his crew set to work rebuilding the port.

188
00:11:41,040 --> 00:11:45,280
Speaker 1: Nasa provided the perfect setup for small time piracy. At first,

189
00:11:45,320 --> 00:11:48,800
Speaker 1: the pirates hunted from periaguas, essentially large canoes that were

190
00:11:48,840 --> 00:11:51,800
Speaker 1: big enough to carry approximately thirty men and some cargo.

191
00:11:52,200 --> 00:11:55,319
Speaker 1: The canoes bank of oars made them fast to the halls,

192
00:11:55,360 --> 00:11:58,400
Speaker 1: allowed them to sail across shoals and areas too dangerous

193
00:11:58,400 --> 00:12:02,560
Speaker 1: for larger, deeper vessels. Hornegal divided the crew among the

194
00:12:02,640 --> 00:12:06,120
Speaker 1: three boats he captained one, assigning John West and John

195
00:12:06,160 --> 00:12:09,320
Speaker 1: Cockram to lead the other two. For six months, they

196
00:12:09,320 --> 00:12:12,840
Speaker 1: prayed on small Spanish ships. Not once did they attack

197
00:12:12,920 --> 00:12:16,680
Speaker 1: an English vessel. Hornegald insisted that this made them privateers,

198
00:12:17,040 --> 00:12:19,600
Speaker 1: not pirates. Of course, we can call this a matter

199
00:12:19,640 --> 00:12:24,199
Speaker 1: of self deception, deflection, or even an outright lie. England, France,

200
00:12:24,240 --> 00:12:27,679
Speaker 1: and Spain were at peace, and Hornegald had no authority

201
00:12:27,800 --> 00:12:30,720
Speaker 1: or letter of mark. The crew sold their plunder on

202
00:12:30,800 --> 00:12:34,520
Speaker 1: Harbor Island, just sort of Nassau. Hornegald and Cockrhum worked

203
00:12:34,520 --> 00:12:37,960
Speaker 1: closely with Richard Thompson, a wealthy landowner and merchant. There,

204
00:12:38,520 --> 00:12:41,280
Speaker 1: the three created one of the most profitable black market

205
00:12:41,360 --> 00:12:44,680
Speaker 1: and smuggling businesses in the golden Age of piracy. The

206
00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:48,080
Speaker 1: bond between the three grew close enough that Cockrum married

207
00:12:48,080 --> 00:12:50,800
Speaker 1: one of Thompson's daughters. It didn't take long for the

208
00:12:50,840 --> 00:12:54,440
Speaker 1: Spanish to notice Hornegold's raids, and rumors of an attack

209
00:12:54,520 --> 00:12:57,760
Speaker 1: against the pirates began to spread West and a few

210
00:12:57,800 --> 00:13:01,360
Speaker 1: others decided to quit piracy after that and left Nassau.

211
00:13:02,160 --> 00:13:06,120
Speaker 1: Cockrum and Hornegold remained. The attack never materialized, and the

212
00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:09,440
Speaker 1: band of pirates returned to hunting Spanish ships, this time

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Speaker 1: on a sloop borrowed from retired seaman Jonathan Darvill, and

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Speaker 1: at this point scholars believe Edward Teach joined the crew.

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Speaker 1: A larger ship meant larger bounties. When the crew returned

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Speaker 1: to port. They paid Darville four times the ship's worth.

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Speaker 1: Raids in late seventeen fourteen brought the crew sizeable bounties,

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Speaker 1: making Hornigold one of the most respected pirates in the Caribbean.

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00:13:31,400 --> 00:13:35,040
Speaker 1: He had been penniless, but now he had reinvented himself

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Speaker 1: and he was about to do it again. Unfortunately, those

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Speaker 1: raids drew unwanted attention. Bahamas Governor Thomas Walker vowed to

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Speaker 1: rid the island of pirates. Nearby, in Bermuda, Governor Henry

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Speaker 1: Pouline offered to annex the Bahamas to eliminate the pirates.

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Speaker 1: Den Despite opposition against them, Hornegold and Black Bear continued

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Speaker 1: to plunder. Neither the Dutch nor English worried much about

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Speaker 1: the pair, believing the pirates prayed solely on the French

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Speaker 1: and the Spanish. But that changed in the fall of

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Speaker 1: seventeen fifteen when the crew raided the mary An English

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Speaker 1: sloop with six cannons and large enough for one and

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Speaker 1: forty men. When the crew sailed into New Providence instead

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Speaker 1: of Harbor Island, Hornegald promised the pirates and others who

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Speaker 1: worked in the trade his protection. Now calling themselves the

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Speaker 1: Flying Gang, the pirates nearly outnumbered law abiding citizens. Before long,

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Speaker 1: Hornegal had captured a Spanish sloop and christened it the Benjamin.

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Speaker 1: In a surprise move, he promoted new pirates Sam Bellamy

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Speaker 1: as the captain of another ship instead of Teach. Now,

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Speaker 1: as we've learned earlier, Bellamy later formed a coup and

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Speaker 1: went his own way. Hornegald continued to grow his fleet,

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Speaker 1: and in seventeen sixteen he and the crew voted to

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Speaker 1: give a thirty ton sloop to Blackbeard. Teach continued to

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Speaker 1: sail with Hornegal on many more profitable raids through late

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Speaker 1: seventeen seventeen. But all good things must come to an end. Right.

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Speaker 1: With increasing pressure from England, Hornegald accepted a pardon in

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Speaker 1: early seventeen eighteen. Although no longer a pirate, Hornegal never

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00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:12,480
Speaker 1: gave up hunting. He had been at sea when the

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Speaker 1: governor of Jamaica sent ships to find him and deliver

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Speaker 1: the King's offer. Hornegold returned to NASA and joined former

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Speaker 1: crewmate Walker in welcoming a man named Woods Rogers. Though

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Speaker 1: many accepted a pardon, piracy itself remained a serious problem. Worse,

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00:15:27,440 --> 00:15:31,720
Speaker 1: England pulled naval support, leaving Rogers and the colony vulnerable

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Speaker 1: to the Spanish and pirates like Charles Vane, who had

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00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:38,800
Speaker 1: threatened to attack. Rogers had only one choice left asked

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Speaker 1: the former pirates for help. Hornegald and Cockrum stepped up,

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00:15:42,520 --> 00:15:46,520
Speaker 1: offering their services as pirate hunters. Rogers gave them a

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Speaker 1: sloop and the two sailed out in search of Charles Vane.

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Speaker 1: They found him one d twenty miles north of Nassau

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Speaker 1: on Green Turtle k Vaine and his men had taken

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Speaker 1: four merchant ships and their crew to the island to plunder.

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00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:02,600
Speaker 1: After anchoring off shore, Horn of Goold and Cockram assessed

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Speaker 1: the situation. Vain and his men far outnumbered them. They

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00:16:06,280 --> 00:16:09,160
Speaker 1: could turn back or wait for Vain to split from

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00:16:09,200 --> 00:16:12,400
Speaker 1: his crew on a hunt. So they waited for three

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00:16:12,440 --> 00:16:16,400
Speaker 1: long weeks. Just as Vain headed out, Captain Nichols would

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00:16:16,400 --> 00:16:19,920
Speaker 1: all aboard the Wolf arrived. The former pirates had also

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00:16:20,040 --> 00:16:23,240
Speaker 1: taken the King's pardon Wood all in. Vain talked while

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Speaker 1: the crew's unloaded supplies and ammunition from the Wolf, Horn

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00:16:26,800 --> 00:16:30,040
Speaker 1: of Goold and Cockroam. New Vein had spies and sympathizers

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Speaker 1: and NASA, but Wood All's allegiance might have surprised them,

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00:16:34,240 --> 00:16:36,680
Speaker 1: but Charles Vane did not seem pleased with the news

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00:16:36,720 --> 00:16:39,160
Speaker 1: that would all brought. In a fit of anger, he

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Speaker 1: marooned the merchant ship's crew and headed out to see

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Speaker 1: after the pirates left. Horn of Goold and Cockram arrived

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Speaker 1: to give the hostages supplies. Late that night, Hornegald set

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Speaker 1: out alone to hunt down the pirates. Five days later,

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00:16:52,120 --> 00:16:55,360
Speaker 1: he and his crew captured the Wolf. Back in Nassa,

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00:16:55,640 --> 00:16:58,960
Speaker 1: Rogers grew nervous, fearing that Hornegold had returned to piracy.

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Speaker 1: Three weeks later, Hornegal returned with the Wolf, including its

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Speaker 1: captain and crew, which removed all doubt about his integrity.

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00:17:06,720 --> 00:17:10,080
Speaker 1: The hunter has continued their quest, capturing more pirates along

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Speaker 1: the way. Rogers became so pleased that he wrote England

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Speaker 1: to sing Hornegal's praises. Vain, however, continued to remain elusive.

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00:17:18,680 --> 00:17:21,600
Speaker 1: Woods Rogers barely had enough men to guard his prisoners,

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Speaker 1: and his men fell victim to disease. All this stood

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00:17:25,119 --> 00:17:28,720
Speaker 1: between Nassau and Vain Or the Spanish was a dilapidated

285
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Speaker 1: and poorly manned fort, a thirty gun sloop and three

286
00:17:32,480 --> 00:17:37,920
Speaker 1: trusted pirate hunters Josiah Burgess, Cockrum and Hornegal. In December

287
00:17:37,960 --> 00:17:41,920
Speaker 1: of seventeen eighteen, nine of ten recently captured pirates were

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00:17:41,920 --> 00:17:45,119
Speaker 1: found guilty of piracy after signing the pardon, while the

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00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:48,119
Speaker 1: court sentenced the nine to hang. The tenth prisoner had

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00:17:48,160 --> 00:17:52,399
Speaker 1: been forced into piracy and was acquitted. Over twelve thousand people,

291
00:17:52,760 --> 00:17:57,080
Speaker 1: mostly pirates or former pirates, gathered at the shoreline gallows

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Speaker 1: to watch as the condemned men walked by. Men who

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00:18:00,280 --> 00:18:02,800
Speaker 1: had signed the part and cheered while they're still pirate

294
00:18:02,880 --> 00:18:06,919
Speaker 1: counterparts gave the one armed guards a wary eye. A

295
00:18:06,960 --> 00:18:10,160
Speaker 1: few of the condemned smiled back at the crowd, unrepentant

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Speaker 1: and defiant. As they stood before the crowd with a

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00:18:13,080 --> 00:18:17,080
Speaker 1: noose around their necks. Rogers pardoned one of the men, then,

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Speaker 1: with the crowd looking up, he signaled to the executioner.

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00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:25,239
Speaker 1: Eight men dropped their corpses, swaying against a background of

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00:18:25,320 --> 00:18:29,840
Speaker 1: clear blue water. The pirates life in Paradise had come

301
00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:41,560
Speaker 1: to an end. Those eight hangings symbolized a change. Pirates

302
00:18:41,600 --> 00:18:45,399
Speaker 1: no longer ruled NASA. Rogers had regained control despite the

303
00:18:45,480 --> 00:18:49,159
Speaker 1: lack of sufficient support or funding from England. After that,

304
00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:52,280
Speaker 1: pirates became less of a problem. Over two thousand of

305
00:18:52,320 --> 00:18:55,880
Speaker 1: them roamed the season seventeen one. Just three years later

306
00:18:56,040 --> 00:18:59,400
Speaker 1: that number dropped by half, and by seventeen twenty six

307
00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:02,920
Speaker 1: only two hundred pirates remained. The hangings on that December

308
00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:07,520
Speaker 1: morning became infamous among historians. Some speculate that Roger's choice

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00:19:07,560 --> 00:19:10,840
Speaker 1: and manner of execution had been the pivotal moment in

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00:19:10,840 --> 00:19:13,359
Speaker 1: the Golden Age. And yet we can't talk about the

311
00:19:13,480 --> 00:19:17,679
Speaker 1: end of the Golden Age of piracy without discussing Benjamin Hornegald.

312
00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:20,680
Speaker 1: Without his help, Woods, Rogers could not have taken control

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Speaker 1: of NASA. Was he a pirate, yes, despite his insistence otherwise.

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Speaker 1: But as Rogers found out, Hornegald was a man of

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Speaker 1: his word, and in his own way, matched his own

316
00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:35,520
Speaker 1: devotion to king and country. There were different accounts as

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00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:38,399
Speaker 1: to what happened to Hornegal, whichever is accurate, we know

318
00:19:38,520 --> 00:19:41,720
Speaker 1: that in the spring of seventeen nineteen, Benjamin Hornegal left

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00:19:41,800 --> 00:19:45,679
Speaker 1: NASA and sailed into the sunset, never to be seen again.

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00:19:46,119 --> 00:19:48,480
Speaker 1: Some say that he came to Rogers aid once more.

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00:19:48,560 --> 00:19:51,680
Speaker 1: In the War of the Quadruple Alliance against the Spanish.

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00:19:51,960 --> 00:19:54,919
Speaker 1: In this telling, the Spanish captured him and tossed him

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00:19:54,960 --> 00:19:58,240
Speaker 1: into a Cuban prison, where he later died. Another telling

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00:19:58,320 --> 00:20:01,400
Speaker 1: is that Rogers sent him on a trading voyage to Mexico.

325
00:20:01,720 --> 00:20:04,840
Speaker 1: Hornigold's ship struck a reef, deserting him and a handful

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00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:07,840
Speaker 1: of survivors on an isolated island. The men went to

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Speaker 1: work constructing a canoe, just as they had in the

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00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:15,120
Speaker 1: early days of New Providence. Everyone escaped except Hornegald, who

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00:20:15,160 --> 00:20:18,600
Speaker 1: died there on the island. And in yet another version,

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00:20:18,840 --> 00:20:22,840
Speaker 1: none of Hornigold's crew survived the shipwreck, drowning instead at sea.

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Speaker 1: If this retelling is accurates, I can't help but wonder

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00:20:25,960 --> 00:20:29,200
Speaker 1: if his brethren believed that Hornegald ended up in Davy

333
00:20:29,280 --> 00:20:32,080
Speaker 1: Jones Locker, that mythical place at the bottom of the

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00:20:32,119 --> 00:20:36,120
Speaker 1: sea where all drowned sailors go. However he met his end,

335
00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:39,800
Speaker 1: he certainly left behind a legacy. Those who knew him

336
00:20:39,840 --> 00:20:43,160
Speaker 1: said he was a devout patriot, a highly skilled captain,

337
00:20:43,400 --> 00:20:46,200
Speaker 1: and showed more kindness to his prisoners than the men

338
00:20:46,280 --> 00:20:50,480
Speaker 1: who served under him. Yes, he was a pirate, but

339
00:20:50,600 --> 00:20:54,679
Speaker 1: despite that, Benjamin Hornegald, the mentor of Blackbeard and the

340
00:20:54,760 --> 00:20:57,840
Speaker 1: leader of the Nassau pirate community, and the Flying Gang

341
00:20:58,320 --> 00:21:01,200
Speaker 1: did more to bring about the own fall of piracy

342
00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:12,040
Speaker 1: than anyone else. Pirate execution seems like one of the

343
00:21:12,040 --> 00:21:14,800
Speaker 1: plot points we can always count on in the Hollywood

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00:21:14,840 --> 00:21:18,520
Speaker 1: films about them, and as we've seen today, history backs

345
00:21:18,600 --> 00:21:22,280
Speaker 1: that up. So thanks for um hanging around for this

346
00:21:22,520 --> 00:21:25,760
Speaker 1: thrilling chapter in our exploration of that world. But of

347
00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:28,840
Speaker 1: course we're not done just yet. My crewmates Alie Steed

348
00:21:28,960 --> 00:21:31,800
Speaker 1: has one more tail from the gallows to share. Stick

349
00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:35,240
Speaker 1: around after this brief sponsor break to hear all about it.

350
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Speaker 1: In the spring of seventy six, William Fly found work

351
00:21:44,520 --> 00:21:46,600
Speaker 1: as a boast in a board a ship called the Elizabeth.

352
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Speaker 1: The captain, a man named Green, set course from Jamaica

353
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Speaker 1: to Guinea in West Africa. Somewhere along the way, Fly

354
00:21:53,760 --> 00:21:56,200
Speaker 1: got to thinking maybe he should be the captain and

355
00:21:56,240 --> 00:22:00,479
Speaker 1: convinced several of his shipmates to join him in mutiny. First,

356
00:22:00,720 --> 00:22:03,240
Speaker 1: they need to murder both the captain and the first mate.

357
00:22:03,720 --> 00:22:07,360
Speaker 1: Afterward they'd turned from a sailor's life to one of piracy.

358
00:22:07,880 --> 00:22:12,159
Speaker 1: On seventy six, Flying his conspirators carried out their planet

359
00:22:12,200 --> 00:22:15,879
Speaker 1: around one am, Fly burst into the captain's cabin and

360
00:22:15,880 --> 00:22:18,920
Speaker 1: told Green that he had two choices to die right

361
00:22:18,960 --> 00:22:22,399
Speaker 1: there or join them on deck. Fly preferred the ladder

362
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Speaker 1: to save him the trouble of cleaning blood off the

363
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Speaker 1: floor and walls of the cabin that would soon be his.

364
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Speaker 1: A few buckets of water and a scraper would do

365
00:22:29,200 --> 00:22:32,600
Speaker 1: the job quicker. On deck, the captain promised not to

366
00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:35,000
Speaker 1: impede any of their plans. They could lock him in

367
00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:39,520
Speaker 1: chains if they wanted anything, just spare his life. Fly

368
00:22:39,640 --> 00:22:42,600
Speaker 1: had Green hauled on deck while the captain continued to

369
00:22:42,680 --> 00:22:47,200
Speaker 1: beg Fly sliced him with his cutlass. Still alive, Green

370
00:22:47,280 --> 00:22:49,919
Speaker 1: clung to the main sheet, the line that connected to

371
00:22:49,960 --> 00:22:53,560
Speaker 1: the boom to stop himself from being tossed overboard. Another

372
00:22:53,600 --> 00:22:57,600
Speaker 1: conspirator grabbed an axe and cleaved off the captain's hand. Then,

373
00:22:57,680 --> 00:23:00,520
Speaker 1: flying the other's tossed Green overboard and watch until the

374
00:23:00,560 --> 00:23:03,639
Speaker 1: sea swallowed him. Then they repeated the process with the

375
00:23:03,680 --> 00:23:07,679
Speaker 1: first mate. Fly renamed the ship the Fameous Revenge. His

376
00:23:07,760 --> 00:23:10,160
Speaker 1: first act as captain was to have every man who

377
00:23:10,200 --> 00:23:13,960
Speaker 1: sympathized with the previous captain and first mate put into chains,

378
00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:18,359
Speaker 1: and then he threw a party. On June third, the

379
00:23:18,359 --> 00:23:21,360
Speaker 1: newly minted pirates arrived off the coast of Cape Hatteras

380
00:23:21,359 --> 00:23:24,960
Speaker 1: in North Carolina. The crew spotted a sloop, the John

381
00:23:24,960 --> 00:23:29,640
Speaker 1: and Hannah, anchored nearby and pulled close. The captain Falker

382
00:23:29,840 --> 00:23:33,400
Speaker 1: wrongly assumed that Fly needed help navigating around a tricky sandbar.

383
00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:35,760
Speaker 1: He and a few of his crew rode a small

384
00:23:35,760 --> 00:23:38,280
Speaker 1: boat out to the Fameous Revenge to offer their assistance.

385
00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:41,720
Speaker 1: Fly greeted his guests and showed them into his cabin.

386
00:23:42,080 --> 00:23:44,520
Speaker 1: Then he informed Falker that he'd cut right to the chase.

387
00:23:44,880 --> 00:23:47,719
Speaker 1: He and his crew were gentlemen of fortune, a fancy

388
00:23:47,720 --> 00:23:50,480
Speaker 1: way of saying pirates, and he informed the good captain

389
00:23:50,520 --> 00:23:53,640
Speaker 1: that he intended to relieve him of his ship. However,

390
00:23:53,760 --> 00:23:56,400
Speaker 1: high winds prevented the pirates from bringing the larger ship

391
00:23:56,480 --> 00:23:59,760
Speaker 1: alongside the Fameus Revenge, which sent Fly into a fit

392
00:23:59,800 --> 00:24:03,679
Speaker 1: of rage. He stripped and brutally whipped Captain Fulker and

393
00:24:03,680 --> 00:24:07,800
Speaker 1: took him and a handful of his crew prisoners. Then, sheerly,

394
00:24:07,800 --> 00:24:11,960
Speaker 1: out of spite, he sank the John and Hannah. Later,

395
00:24:12,040 --> 00:24:15,080
Speaker 1: the crew captured two additional ships, neither of which contained

396
00:24:15,080 --> 00:24:17,960
Speaker 1: anything of value. But Fly put Falker and some of

397
00:24:17,960 --> 00:24:20,200
Speaker 1: the other prisoners aboard one of the ships and let

398
00:24:20,200 --> 00:24:23,520
Speaker 1: it go, although he kept a sailor named Atkinson. Fly

399
00:24:23,720 --> 00:24:26,040
Speaker 1: ordered the sailor to pilot the ship to Martha's Vineyard,

400
00:24:26,119 --> 00:24:30,720
Speaker 1: which Atkinson intentionally sailed past. When he discovered the disobedience,

401
00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:34,199
Speaker 1: Fly tried to kill Atkinson. Fortunately for the young prisoner,

402
00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:37,720
Speaker 1: the crew liked him and intervened. At this point, the

403
00:24:37,720 --> 00:24:40,800
Speaker 1: crew began to plot against their captain. They'd had enough

404
00:24:40,800 --> 00:24:44,359
Speaker 1: of Fly's temper, abuse and lack of maritime experience getting

405
00:24:44,400 --> 00:24:47,240
Speaker 1: them into trouble. A few suggest that they throw Fly

406
00:24:47,400 --> 00:24:51,360
Speaker 1: overboard and made Atkinson the new captain. Meanwhile, they continued

407
00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:54,439
Speaker 1: up the coast to Nova Scotia. Shortly after capturing a

408
00:24:54,480 --> 00:24:57,480
Speaker 1: small fishing schooner, Fly spotted a larger ship and ordered

409
00:24:57,560 --> 00:24:59,840
Speaker 1: much of his crew to give chase, leaving him with

410
00:25:00,080 --> 00:25:02,760
Speaker 1: three of his crewmates and a handful of prisoners aboard

411
00:25:02,760 --> 00:25:06,560
Speaker 1: the famous revenge Atkinson seized his moment and gathered the

412
00:25:06,560 --> 00:25:10,320
Speaker 1: other prisoners and overtook the small crew and Fly. With

413
00:25:10,400 --> 00:25:15,040
Speaker 1: the pirates secured, the crew headed towards Boston. Fly berated

414
00:25:15,080 --> 00:25:17,800
Speaker 1: them and shouted that he wished for demons to fly

415
00:25:18,040 --> 00:25:21,720
Speaker 1: away with the ship. He cursed everyone, including the heavens above.

416
00:25:22,640 --> 00:25:25,800
Speaker 1: Atkinson steered the ship into Boston Harbor on June twenty nine,

417
00:25:25,960 --> 00:25:30,080
Speaker 1: seventy six. After trials on July fourth and fifth, the

418
00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:33,160
Speaker 1: judge and committee found Flying his men guilty of piracy.

419
00:25:33,520 --> 00:25:36,119
Speaker 1: They also found them guilty of murdering Captain Green and

420
00:25:36,280 --> 00:25:39,720
Speaker 1: his first mate. Fly put the blame squarely on his men,

421
00:25:39,880 --> 00:25:43,160
Speaker 1: and on Sunday, Reverend Cotton Mather preached to the pirates

422
00:25:43,160 --> 00:25:46,199
Speaker 1: in front of the crowd, and Fly refused to repent

423
00:25:47,040 --> 00:25:50,800
Speaker 1: the murders were justified. Fly insisted Green and his first

424
00:25:50,840 --> 00:25:54,480
Speaker 1: mate had treated the crew abominably and deserved their fate.

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Speaker 1: Once loaded into the cart headed to the gallows, Fly

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Speaker 1: smiled and paid comp elaments to people in the crowd.

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Speaker 1: At the gallows, he ridiculed the executioner for a sloppy job.

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Speaker 1: He retied the knot on his own news, telling everyone

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Speaker 1: the executioner didn't know his own trade. Finally, he addressed

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Speaker 1: the crowd, saying that captains who failed to treat their

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Speaker 1: crews better risked mutiny. Unimpressed and potentially seeing the irony

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Speaker 1: in Fly's grand statement, the crowd watched him hang and

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Speaker 1: then returned to their homes. Flies corpse was hung in

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Speaker 1: irons to serve as a warning to other would be pirates.

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Speaker 1: The warning was largely unnecessary, though, by the time Autumn

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Speaker 1: said in a couple of months later, the golden age

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Speaker 1: of piracy had come to an end. Pirates was executive

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Speaker 1: produced by Aaron Manky and narrated by Aaron Manky and

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Speaker 1: Alexandra Steid. Writing for this season was provided by Michelle Mudo,

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Speaker 1: with research by Alexandra Steed and Sam Alberty. Production assistance

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Speaker 1: was provided by Josh Thayne, Jesse Funk, Alex Williams, and

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Speaker 1: Matt fred Rick. To learn more about this and other

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Speaker 1: shows from Grimm and Mild and I Heart Radio, visit

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Speaker 1: Grimm and Mild dot com MHM