1 00:00:01,720 --> 00:00:02,840 Speaker 1: Causer Media. 2 00:00:06,760 --> 00:00:11,160 Speaker 2: You're listening to the Away Days podcast on the ground outside, 3 00:00:11,520 --> 00:00:17,520 Speaker 2: reporting from the underbelly with me Jake Hanrahan. To watch 4 00:00:17,520 --> 00:00:22,520 Speaker 2: Awaydays documentaries, go to YouTube dot com slash at away 5 00:00:22,600 --> 00:00:31,920 Speaker 2: Days TV. This is part two for Velo Government, Episode one. 6 00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:36,320 Speaker 2: The podcast is the production of H eleventh Studio and 7 00:00:36,400 --> 00:00:49,479 Speaker 2: call Zone Media. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. I'm stood at 8 00:00:49,479 --> 00:00:52,479 Speaker 2: the bottom of a long winding road that leads uphill 9 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:56,040 Speaker 2: into the maze of Flete Fogutero, A sprawling fora Vella 10 00:00:56,160 --> 00:01:00,720 Speaker 2: under the control of Brazil's oldest gang. In the near distance, 11 00:01:00,760 --> 00:01:02,840 Speaker 2: I can see the shanty town built up on top 12 00:01:02,880 --> 00:01:06,560 Speaker 2: of itself. The tropical backdrop of the nearby mountains and 13 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:10,000 Speaker 2: valleys is peppered with misshapen blocks of di white housing. 14 00:01:10,800 --> 00:01:13,080 Speaker 2: Edges and right angles are ben skewed with like a 15 00:01:13,120 --> 00:01:17,000 Speaker 2: Doctor Zoos illustration. Each building is linked by a spider's 16 00:01:17,040 --> 00:01:20,640 Speaker 2: web of illegal power lines, all maintained by Favela residents 17 00:01:20,680 --> 00:01:25,240 Speaker 2: without permits. Here at the bottom of the hill there's 18 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:29,200 Speaker 2: a crossroads where Foravella motorbike taxis hang out. There are 19 00:01:29,280 --> 00:01:32,120 Speaker 2: around two dozen young lads ready to take who or 20 00:01:32,160 --> 00:01:35,640 Speaker 2: whatever they're told to up into the forvela. They wear 21 00:01:35,640 --> 00:01:39,160 Speaker 2: a mix of football shirts, flip flops, and basketball shorts. 22 00:01:39,800 --> 00:01:42,200 Speaker 2: They're looking at me as if to say, what the 23 00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:45,960 Speaker 2: fuck are you doing here? This area is anrgo zone 24 00:01:45,959 --> 00:01:50,040 Speaker 2: for tourists, the government, and the police. The whole area 25 00:01:50,160 --> 00:01:53,520 Speaker 2: is run by a criminal organization known as Red command 26 00:01:53,920 --> 00:02:02,120 Speaker 2: or in Portuguese Commando for Melo CV. Of negotiation between myself, 27 00:02:02,400 --> 00:02:05,880 Speaker 2: a friend and a photographer originally from the favelas. One 28 00:02:05,880 --> 00:02:09,120 Speaker 2: of the big CV bosses has given us permission to 29 00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:13,680 Speaker 2: enter Fogutero. Once you're up the hill and in the neighborhood, 30 00:02:13,960 --> 00:02:17,639 Speaker 2: CV is the de facto leadership in every way possible. 31 00:02:18,480 --> 00:02:21,080 Speaker 2: We're here to make a documentary to show what life 32 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:23,520 Speaker 2: is like in the favela when a gang takes on 33 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:26,920 Speaker 2: the role of a government. You can watch the documentary 34 00:02:26,960 --> 00:02:31,440 Speaker 2: now at YouTube dot com slash at Away Days TV. 35 00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:35,560 Speaker 2: A local lad is assisting us with a blessing from 36 00:02:35,600 --> 00:02:38,240 Speaker 2: the gang. I dare say, if he wasn't with us, 37 00:02:38,480 --> 00:02:40,560 Speaker 2: we'd be robbed and sent on our way home already. 38 00:02:40,880 --> 00:02:43,760 Speaker 2: But Cev's word is solid here, so we're left alone. 39 00:02:44,919 --> 00:02:48,240 Speaker 2: The local who will call Carlos hands a few notes 40 00:02:48,280 --> 00:02:50,640 Speaker 2: to one of the motorbike riders and tells him something 41 00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:53,720 Speaker 2: in Portuguese. The rider nods at me and pulls his 42 00:02:53,720 --> 00:02:55,880 Speaker 2: bike up to the bottom of the hill. The other 43 00:02:55,919 --> 00:02:59,000 Speaker 2: taxes watch on, grinning and whispering to each other. By 44 00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:01,040 Speaker 2: now they're all sat on the seats of their bikes 45 00:03:01,280 --> 00:03:05,600 Speaker 2: and chatting about the gringos. Me and my team humid, 46 00:03:05,880 --> 00:03:10,320 Speaker 2: noisy in everything smells like gasoline. Carlos signals to me, 47 00:03:10,760 --> 00:03:14,600 Speaker 2: we're ready to go. Okay. I approach the motorbike and 48 00:03:14,639 --> 00:03:17,200 Speaker 2: climb on the back. The rider is perched over it 49 00:03:17,240 --> 00:03:19,840 Speaker 2: and leans on the handlebars naturally, as if they're part 50 00:03:19,880 --> 00:03:23,800 Speaker 2: of his extended anatomy. He's made this trip a thousand 51 00:03:23,800 --> 00:03:27,480 Speaker 2: times before, but probably never for some journalists from the UK. 52 00:03:28,560 --> 00:03:31,840 Speaker 2: Philip Fogatro is not one of those media friendly fora 53 00:03:31,919 --> 00:03:36,000 Speaker 2: VELAs the YouTubers paid to create danger slop content inside 54 00:03:36,040 --> 00:03:40,160 Speaker 2: of This is the Wild West when it comes to rules, regulations, 55 00:03:40,360 --> 00:03:43,880 Speaker 2: laws or safety. Carlos tells me the last time someone 56 00:03:43,880 --> 00:03:46,360 Speaker 2: tried to film up there without permission that was shot 57 00:03:46,440 --> 00:03:48,560 Speaker 2: dead by the gang. He says it was a couple 58 00:03:48,640 --> 00:03:50,920 Speaker 2: riding through on bikes with gold pros attached. 59 00:03:51,480 --> 00:03:52,920 Speaker 1: This place is no joke. 60 00:03:55,560 --> 00:03:57,920 Speaker 2: I let the rider know I'm ready, and he pushes 61 00:03:57,960 --> 00:03:59,960 Speaker 2: off the kickstand and revs the bike up the hill, 62 00:04:00,160 --> 00:04:03,640 Speaker 2: moving fast through a series of alleyways, winding roads, and 63 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:07,440 Speaker 2: half built streets. As we move up higher into the favela, 64 00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:11,200 Speaker 2: a blur of residents and gangbangers was passed. The road 65 00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:15,000 Speaker 2: is battered with potholes and uneven tarmac. The bike bounces 66 00:04:15,080 --> 00:04:18,240 Speaker 2: every few feet. There were no helmets for passengers, at 67 00:04:18,320 --> 00:04:20,599 Speaker 2: least not for me, so I'm held on tight, hoping 68 00:04:20,600 --> 00:04:22,640 Speaker 2: we don't crash into the one hundred and one different 69 00:04:22,640 --> 00:04:24,839 Speaker 2: obstacles and sharp angles with zip passed. 70 00:04:25,960 --> 00:04:27,160 Speaker 1: After about five. 71 00:04:26,960 --> 00:04:29,599 Speaker 2: Minutes, we're fully up the hills and on an even 72 00:04:29,640 --> 00:04:36,760 Speaker 2: plateau where the favela branches off into all different directions. 73 00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:48,120 Speaker 2: We're high up now, inside the Favella. I can see 74 00:04:48,120 --> 00:04:50,680 Speaker 2: the city's tall buildings of the metro area and the 75 00:04:50,720 --> 00:04:55,480 Speaker 2: distance from here, all glass and metal. Down there, Brazilians work, 76 00:04:55,480 --> 00:04:58,160 Speaker 2: they're nine to five's, pay their bills and hang out 77 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:02,320 Speaker 2: on the beaches up here, solicit firearms, bricks of heroin, 78 00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:07,479 Speaker 2: and regular gang shootouts. Short motorbike taxi has transported me 79 00:05:07,800 --> 00:05:14,719 Speaker 2: from one world to another. This is the Favela. Carlos 80 00:05:14,800 --> 00:05:17,200 Speaker 2: arrives on the back of another motorbike and guides us 81 00:05:17,240 --> 00:05:20,160 Speaker 2: through a series of narrow alleyways. Here the only thing 82 00:05:20,200 --> 00:05:23,559 Speaker 2: you need to start building is cement. Over the years, 83 00:05:23,600 --> 00:05:27,599 Speaker 2: this has created a ghetto metropolis with random drainpipes, satellite 84 00:05:27,600 --> 00:05:31,960 Speaker 2: dishes and stairs that lead to nowhere. Pavela construction is 85 00:05:32,080 --> 00:05:37,400 Speaker 2: unlike anything else. We moved through to a small corner 86 00:05:37,440 --> 00:05:40,520 Speaker 2: with three alleyways leading in all directions up a slope. 87 00:05:40,920 --> 00:05:44,400 Speaker 2: Cev graffiti is sprayed red on the walls. Piles of 88 00:05:44,440 --> 00:05:46,560 Speaker 2: rubbish are gathered up along the side of the road. 89 00:05:47,120 --> 00:05:51,279 Speaker 2: There's a small benched off area made of bricks and concrete. Here, 90 00:05:51,440 --> 00:05:55,080 Speaker 2: three young men and with semi automatic rifles are posted up, 91 00:05:55,120 --> 00:05:59,280 Speaker 2: chatting into their walky talkies. The static melts in and out, 92 00:05:59,320 --> 00:06:02,560 Speaker 2: with inderside of Portuguese chirping from the other end. 93 00:06:03,320 --> 00:06:05,520 Speaker 1: The gang has this whole place on lock. 94 00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:09,560 Speaker 2: An intricate system of radio signals and constant patrols has 95 00:06:09,560 --> 00:06:12,680 Speaker 2: them in charge of all entrances to the neighborhoods they control. 96 00:06:14,480 --> 00:06:18,360 Speaker 2: The young gunmen seem pretty chilled out considering we shake hands, 97 00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:20,920 Speaker 2: and one of them seems eager to chat. His name 98 00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:24,640 Speaker 2: is Chico. He's maybe twenty years old. He stood in 99 00:06:24,680 --> 00:06:27,760 Speaker 2: a pair of flip flops, a red basketball jersey, and 100 00:06:27,800 --> 00:06:31,640 Speaker 2: a camouflage balaclava. He's also holding a rifle almost as 101 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:35,839 Speaker 2: big as he is. Carlos explains to me that exactly 102 00:06:36,040 --> 00:06:40,560 Speaker 2: where we're currently standing is nicknamed the Place where Bullets Fly. 103 00:06:41,200 --> 00:06:44,800 Speaker 2: He could have told us this beforehand. Basically, this is 104 00:06:44,839 --> 00:06:48,800 Speaker 2: a very hot intersection where gun battles regularly break out 105 00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:53,040 Speaker 2: between either rival gangs or the police. Chico walks out 106 00:06:53,040 --> 00:06:56,039 Speaker 2: into the junction and points to a large white building 107 00:06:56,040 --> 00:06:58,320 Speaker 2: at the top of a hill in the distance, a 108 00:06:58,440 --> 00:07:02,440 Speaker 2: huge blue wall protec exit. It's surrounded by jungle foliage 109 00:07:02,520 --> 00:07:04,680 Speaker 2: on what looks like a little tram moving. 110 00:07:04,520 --> 00:07:07,160 Speaker 1: In and out. Chico explains what it is. 111 00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:11,680 Speaker 3: There is light snipers up there, there are police snipers, 112 00:07:11,880 --> 00:07:15,080 Speaker 3: and from this direction ravel gangs come down to confront us. 113 00:07:15,840 --> 00:07:19,000 Speaker 2: At all times, day or night. These areas are guarded 114 00:07:19,080 --> 00:07:22,080 Speaker 2: by men like Chico. We move off through the alleyways 115 00:07:22,120 --> 00:07:24,880 Speaker 2: to find a safer place to talk. As we do, 116 00:07:25,040 --> 00:07:27,720 Speaker 2: young children randomly show up to see why the gringlows 117 00:07:27,720 --> 00:07:31,080 Speaker 2: are here. They seem completely unfazed at the masked men 118 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:34,520 Speaker 2: with rifles hanging out on their corners. We climb over 119 00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:37,239 Speaker 2: a small wall and into a sheltered alleyway that doubles 120 00:07:37,280 --> 00:07:40,840 Speaker 2: as someone's outside patio. People look out from their windows, 121 00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:44,560 Speaker 2: not really alarmed, just seeing what's going on. Chico seems 122 00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:47,160 Speaker 2: as relaxed here as he did in the place where 123 00:07:47,160 --> 00:07:47,760 Speaker 2: bullets fly. 124 00:07:48,360 --> 00:07:48,440 Speaker 4: Me. 125 00:07:48,640 --> 00:07:51,720 Speaker 2: I'm much happier to have some concrete between us and 126 00:07:51,760 --> 00:07:55,080 Speaker 2: the police snipers with their barrels aimed over this neighborhood. 127 00:07:55,960 --> 00:07:58,080 Speaker 2: Do you see yourselves as like the security of this 128 00:07:58,240 --> 00:07:59,200 Speaker 2: fabella fun? 129 00:07:59,840 --> 00:08:04,080 Speaker 3: Just yeah, I think so. We're here to protect each other. 130 00:08:04,720 --> 00:08:07,760 Speaker 3: We stop residents getting scammed by the government. If we're 131 00:08:07,800 --> 00:08:12,560 Speaker 3: not in the community, the community is finished. We're out here. 132 00:08:12,840 --> 00:08:14,960 Speaker 3: It's our choice. We stay strong. 133 00:08:15,000 --> 00:08:15,200 Speaker 4: You know. 134 00:08:16,360 --> 00:08:18,720 Speaker 3: Drug dealers are the ones who help because the government 135 00:08:18,760 --> 00:08:24,440 Speaker 3: is shit, straight up. They steal everything. They're bad. We're 136 00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:27,600 Speaker 3: not good, but we only kill our enemies. The media 137 00:08:27,640 --> 00:08:30,560 Speaker 3: says we kill civilians, but we don't. We only kill 138 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:35,800 Speaker 3: other criminals, criminals against criminals. CV isn't destroying anything in 139 00:08:35,880 --> 00:08:39,480 Speaker 3: Rio dejan Ero. If CV didn't exist, what would happen 140 00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:42,760 Speaker 3: to the favela residence? The police would come here, charge 141 00:08:42,760 --> 00:08:47,840 Speaker 3: protection fees, humiliate people, disappear, people make curfews, not us. 142 00:08:48,320 --> 00:08:48,960 Speaker 1: We leave them be. 143 00:08:49,720 --> 00:08:52,000 Speaker 3: We even hold parties for the community. 144 00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:54,120 Speaker 2: What's it like living here? What's it like growing up here? 145 00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:57,000 Speaker 2: It looks to me like there's no presence from the 146 00:08:57,040 --> 00:08:57,800 Speaker 2: government at all. 147 00:08:57,840 --> 00:08:58,720 Speaker 1: What's it What's it like? 148 00:08:59,480 --> 00:09:02,280 Speaker 3: When I was young, all I did was play football. 149 00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:05,720 Speaker 3: I followed a different path. But when the police entered 150 00:09:05,720 --> 00:09:08,079 Speaker 3: the community here, a lot of things went to ruin. 151 00:09:08,760 --> 00:09:12,400 Speaker 3: My brother entered the gang life, so I followed back. 152 00:09:12,440 --> 00:09:14,320 Speaker 3: Then I had a dream to get out of this place, 153 00:09:14,880 --> 00:09:17,199 Speaker 3: but the police destroyed my life when they killed my brother. 154 00:09:18,080 --> 00:09:20,560 Speaker 3: He was shot in the back. Then the cops executed 155 00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:23,680 Speaker 3: him close up. From then on, I said to myself, 156 00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:27,000 Speaker 3: they'll only get rid of me by death. So after 157 00:09:27,040 --> 00:09:28,640 Speaker 3: that they fought and fought. 158 00:09:28,800 --> 00:09:29,000 Speaker 4: Fuck. 159 00:09:29,040 --> 00:09:33,120 Speaker 3: I'm sorry the ever, none of this will change our lives. 160 00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:36,520 Speaker 3: Any day we could die. If God puts it in 161 00:09:36,600 --> 00:09:38,520 Speaker 3: my heart to leave, then I'll leave. 162 00:09:40,200 --> 00:09:43,840 Speaker 2: As nice as that sentiment is, very rarely does anyone 163 00:09:43,960 --> 00:09:46,920 Speaker 2: exit the life of a favela gang member by anything 164 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:52,280 Speaker 2: other than death. CV's presence is felt far and wide 165 00:09:52,360 --> 00:09:56,800 Speaker 2: across Brazil. The gang has gained over twenty five thousand 166 00:09:56,840 --> 00:10:01,840 Speaker 2: members in the forty years they've been active, so symbol 167 00:10:01,840 --> 00:10:05,640 Speaker 2: as nasionaes. It all began in Brazil in the nineteen seventies. 168 00:10:06,520 --> 00:10:10,600 Speaker 2: US backed military dictatorship controlled the country with an iron fist, 169 00:10:11,160 --> 00:10:17,520 Speaker 2: extra judicial killings, force disappearances, mass censorship. Armed rebels rose 170 00:10:17,600 --> 00:10:21,560 Speaker 2: up and began fighting back. Police were killed and riots 171 00:10:21,600 --> 00:10:25,680 Speaker 2: broke out. Before long, Rio's prisons were full of battle 172 00:10:25,679 --> 00:10:31,760 Speaker 2: hard and leftist gorillas, specifically at the Candido Mendez penal colony. There, 173 00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:35,079 Speaker 2: militants shared cells with local criminals who had also been 174 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:38,079 Speaker 2: locked up by the Junter, all under the same roof 175 00:10:38,520 --> 00:10:42,320 Speaker 2: all facing abuse in the prison, the two groups joined 176 00:10:42,400 --> 00:10:47,119 Speaker 2: forces to protect themselves, rebel fighters in league with street criminals. 177 00:10:47,520 --> 00:10:50,000 Speaker 2: It was an effective alliance that gave birth to TV. 178 00:10:51,240 --> 00:10:55,160 Speaker 2: Brazil's military Junter ruled from nineteen sixty four to nineteen 179 00:10:55,240 --> 00:11:00,880 Speaker 2: eighty five. In that time, CVS spread like wildfire. They 180 00:11:00,920 --> 00:11:04,560 Speaker 2: were highly active inside and outside prison. They got into 181 00:11:04,600 --> 00:11:08,959 Speaker 2: drug trafficking and became a highly violent organization. By the 182 00:11:09,080 --> 00:11:12,599 Speaker 2: end of the dictatorship, CV controlled around seventy percent of 183 00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:15,679 Speaker 2: the drug trade in Rio and became a serious problem 184 00:11:15,720 --> 00:11:20,280 Speaker 2: for the state and the favelas. Though CV became the state, 185 00:11:21,240 --> 00:11:24,480 Speaker 2: these shanty towns, initially built by former slaves in the 186 00:11:24,520 --> 00:11:28,400 Speaker 2: eighteen hundreds, have long been abandoned by the government, and 187 00:11:28,480 --> 00:11:32,720 Speaker 2: so a mix of violence, intimidation, and genuine community support 188 00:11:33,120 --> 00:11:36,640 Speaker 2: led CV to become the de facto authority of their favelas. 189 00:11:37,559 --> 00:11:41,960 Speaker 2: This meant they had to keep the police out. In Brazil, 190 00:11:42,080 --> 00:11:44,880 Speaker 2: the security forces have been corrupt for a long time. 191 00:11:45,840 --> 00:11:49,120 Speaker 2: They're often involved in organized crime themselves and of the 192 00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:54,480 Speaker 2: natural enemy of the countless different gangs of Brazil. Now 193 00:11:54,559 --> 00:11:58,600 Speaker 2: in twenty twenty five, CV is a huge international criminal 194 00:11:58,720 --> 00:12:04,680 Speaker 2: enterprise involved in drug trafficking, weapons dealing, armed robbery, kidnapped 195 00:12:04,679 --> 00:12:08,760 Speaker 2: to order murder, for higher money laundering, you name it. 196 00:12:11,240 --> 00:12:15,000 Speaker 2: Curlos takes us deeper into the Favella. We move sideways 197 00:12:15,040 --> 00:12:17,800 Speaker 2: through an alleyway so narrow I think I'd almost get 198 00:12:17,840 --> 00:12:21,240 Speaker 2: stuck if I walked forwards. The walls are sloped at 199 00:12:21,240 --> 00:12:24,559 Speaker 2: different angles. The further we move along, CEV graffiti is 200 00:12:24,600 --> 00:12:28,800 Speaker 2: sprayed up every six feet or so. Eventually we emerge 201 00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:32,360 Speaker 2: another intersection where a dozen or so CV gang members 202 00:12:32,440 --> 00:12:35,280 Speaker 2: are gathered on a corner. They're all armed with a 203 00:12:35,320 --> 00:12:39,559 Speaker 2: mix of long barrel rifles, oozies and pistols. They move 204 00:12:39,640 --> 00:12:42,000 Speaker 2: in and out of the area on motorbikes, a lot 205 00:12:42,120 --> 00:12:44,480 Speaker 2: nicer than the ones we rolled up in with the taxi. 206 00:12:46,520 --> 00:12:48,959 Speaker 2: Due to the layout of the favela and CV's control 207 00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:51,920 Speaker 2: of it, the gang is able to do business completely 208 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:54,800 Speaker 2: out in the open. They're all cutting up weed into 209 00:12:54,840 --> 00:12:58,319 Speaker 2: small clingfilm squares and combining blocks of what I think 210 00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:03,480 Speaker 2: is wrapped coke into with duct tape. The boss of 211 00:13:03,520 --> 00:13:07,840 Speaker 2: this group, a guy nicknamed No Joke Fat Sexy, is 212 00:13:07,880 --> 00:13:11,120 Speaker 2: watching over the operation with an M sixteen rifle slinked 213 00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:15,720 Speaker 2: over his shoulder. He's on his phone organizing. Music is 214 00:13:15,720 --> 00:13:18,080 Speaker 2: playing from a blue to the speaker, and the gang 215 00:13:18,120 --> 00:13:20,520 Speaker 2: members are pouring out drinks for each other. It's just 216 00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:24,480 Speaker 2: business as usual. About ten feet across the road from 217 00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:27,800 Speaker 2: the open air drug emporium is a small local butchers. 218 00:13:28,280 --> 00:13:30,600 Speaker 2: A few residents are queued up waiting to buy meat. 219 00:13:31,160 --> 00:13:34,040 Speaker 2: Children move in and out of the area. My head 220 00:13:34,080 --> 00:13:36,800 Speaker 2: over to the gang and Carlos introduces me to everyone. 221 00:13:37,280 --> 00:13:40,160 Speaker 2: I shake hands with the gunmen and drug manufacturers, and 222 00:13:40,200 --> 00:13:43,400 Speaker 2: whilst they seem a little confused, they're generally pretty friendly. 223 00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:46,280 Speaker 2: They seem baffled as to why we'd come all the 224 00:13:46,320 --> 00:13:49,959 Speaker 2: way from England to philat Fogato, even when we explained 225 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:53,480 Speaker 2: that we're making a documentary. We hang out for a 226 00:13:53,480 --> 00:13:55,840 Speaker 2: while and the gang bangers start to show off their guns. 227 00:13:56,360 --> 00:14:00,000 Speaker 2: These are heavy duty firearms, either stolen from rival gang 228 00:14:00,080 --> 00:14:03,960 Speaker 2: and police, or smuggled into Brazil from the US, Paraguay 229 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:07,240 Speaker 2: and Venezuela. Randomly, one of the gang members puts an 230 00:14:07,360 --> 00:14:10,920 Speaker 2: M sixteen rifle in my hands. Whilst generally I believe 231 00:14:10,960 --> 00:14:14,280 Speaker 2: in gun rights and I'm definitely pro firearm, I am 232 00:14:14,320 --> 00:14:16,640 Speaker 2: not comfortable holding a gun whilst out in the field 233 00:14:16,679 --> 00:14:19,960 Speaker 2: reporting if that's not my role. I'm a journalist and 234 00:14:19,960 --> 00:14:22,920 Speaker 2: never a combatant. I look around for someone to hand 235 00:14:22,920 --> 00:14:25,760 Speaker 2: the firearm off to, as the CV gang members laugh 236 00:14:25,800 --> 00:14:28,720 Speaker 2: at my awkwardness. So if I'm not sell a spot 237 00:14:28,720 --> 00:14:31,840 Speaker 2: where they're all selling various drugs for some reason, I've 238 00:14:31,840 --> 00:14:33,960 Speaker 2: just been handing this rifle and I don't really know what 239 00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:34,200 Speaker 2: to do. 240 00:14:34,280 --> 00:14:37,440 Speaker 4: Now you on this, someone take it man. 241 00:14:40,280 --> 00:14:40,720 Speaker 1: Quickly. 242 00:14:40,840 --> 00:14:42,720 Speaker 2: One of the guys takes the gun away from me 243 00:14:42,800 --> 00:14:45,080 Speaker 2: and I thank him. He hands me a little plastic 244 00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:48,600 Speaker 2: cup and pours me a drink. Of sprite at his feet. 245 00:14:48,640 --> 00:14:50,680 Speaker 2: He has a bag of drugs the size of a pillow, 246 00:14:51,040 --> 00:14:54,000 Speaker 2: all wrapped in tape and plastic. If I had to guess, 247 00:14:54,040 --> 00:14:56,800 Speaker 2: I'd say it's some kind of heroine precursor or just 248 00:14:56,840 --> 00:15:01,880 Speaker 2: a huge sack of opium. Even I into semi autonomous cells, 249 00:15:02,280 --> 00:15:05,400 Speaker 2: CEV is active in drug trafficking all over the place, 250 00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:08,800 Speaker 2: from here in Rio to the Paraguay border, the Amazon 251 00:15:08,880 --> 00:15:13,080 Speaker 2: region and beyond. They're constantly fighting rival gangs for control 252 00:15:13,160 --> 00:15:16,960 Speaker 2: of the drug trade. As we sit around drinking sprite 253 00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:20,680 Speaker 2: watching gang members compare guns, I noticed two young boys 254 00:15:20,680 --> 00:15:23,480 Speaker 2: across the street. They're both leaned up against the wall, 255 00:15:23,560 --> 00:15:27,360 Speaker 2: intently watching the scene in front of them. Drugs, guns, 256 00:15:27,680 --> 00:15:31,000 Speaker 2: gang life. They look not even ten years old. Yet, 257 00:15:34,240 --> 00:15:36,600 Speaker 2: before I can think about it too much, the sound 258 00:15:36,640 --> 00:15:38,720 Speaker 2: of a gunshot and in the distance breaks the good 259 00:15:38,720 --> 00:15:42,720 Speaker 2: of your atmosphere. Then another and another. There's some kind 260 00:15:42,720 --> 00:15:46,280 Speaker 2: of shoot out. The ringleader, Fat Sexy quickly jumps on 261 00:15:46,320 --> 00:15:48,440 Speaker 2: his motorbike and zooms off down the road with a 262 00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:51,040 Speaker 2: walkie talkie. The others wrap up the drugs and the 263 00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:54,920 Speaker 2: jeep arrives out of nowhere. Fat Sexy returns and starts 264 00:15:54,920 --> 00:15:57,440 Speaker 2: telling the others to go get the rifles. 265 00:15:58,440 --> 00:16:00,320 Speaker 1: Three or four of the CV footsole just. 266 00:16:00,280 --> 00:16:03,920 Speaker 2: Hop on bikes and race off, presumably to get the 267 00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:07,600 Speaker 2: other rifles. The scene is tense and erratic, but at 268 00:16:07,640 --> 00:16:10,880 Speaker 2: the same time somehow controlled. It's clear that the gang 269 00:16:10,880 --> 00:16:13,480 Speaker 2: members deal with this regularly and know what to do. 270 00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:16,640 Speaker 2: For the past year, CV has been moving on the 271 00:16:16,680 --> 00:16:21,400 Speaker 2: turf of their rivals. Gun battles breakout, often just as 272 00:16:21,440 --> 00:16:24,040 Speaker 2: I'm sat on the wall observing the madness, wondering if 273 00:16:24,040 --> 00:16:26,520 Speaker 2: we'll have to run for cover soon. A CV foot 274 00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:29,200 Speaker 2: soldier in a balaklava moves next to me and loads 275 00:16:29,240 --> 00:16:33,280 Speaker 2: up his klashnikov with a DIY extended magazine, two mags 276 00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:37,920 Speaker 2: welded together at each end. If it doesn't jam, he 277 00:16:37,960 --> 00:16:40,520 Speaker 2: can probably shoot sixty rounds without having to be low. 278 00:16:41,200 --> 00:16:44,200 Speaker 2: He gestures for me to follow him, ushering us away 279 00:16:44,240 --> 00:16:47,880 Speaker 2: from what looks to be a mobilization of CV versus 280 00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:51,440 Speaker 2: whoever it is shooting nearby. They don't want us getting 281 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:58,360 Speaker 2: in the way of a gang's shootout. Rio de Janeiro 282 00:16:58,600 --> 00:17:01,760 Speaker 2: is gripped by a violent stre between many different gangs, 283 00:17:02,160 --> 00:17:04,359 Speaker 2: each of them fights for control of drug routes and 284 00:17:04,440 --> 00:17:08,600 Speaker 2: territory in the city's sprawling for VELAs. In Rio, CV 285 00:17:08,800 --> 00:17:12,160 Speaker 2: is the most notorious and most powerful. The gang controls 286 00:17:12,160 --> 00:17:16,960 Speaker 2: the majority of the drug trade here. Recently, a serious 287 00:17:16,960 --> 00:17:19,919 Speaker 2: conflict broke out between them and another gang called First 288 00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:25,560 Speaker 2: Capital Command or PCC. PCC's main turf is the city 289 00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:28,800 Speaker 2: of sal Paolo, over two hundred miles away from Rio, 290 00:17:29,840 --> 00:17:32,960 Speaker 2: much like CV, though they're active all over the country. 291 00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:37,439 Speaker 2: CV and PCC had a truce recently, but it's fallen 292 00:17:37,480 --> 00:17:39,720 Speaker 2: apart spectacularly. 293 00:17:39,119 --> 00:17:41,120 Speaker 1: In a storm of deadly violence. 294 00:17:42,400 --> 00:17:46,560 Speaker 2: Another major criminal faction in Brazil is Pure Third Command 295 00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:51,359 Speaker 2: or TCP. Relatively, they're a lot newer than CV, forming 296 00:17:51,400 --> 00:17:54,440 Speaker 2: in the early two thousands after splitting from a previous 297 00:17:54,520 --> 00:17:59,480 Speaker 2: a larger criminal group over various disagreements. TCP is a 298 00:17:59,480 --> 00:18:03,760 Speaker 2: whole other story in itself. They've fused brutal gang violence 299 00:18:03,800 --> 00:18:07,960 Speaker 2: with extreme religious Pentecostalism, perhaps and away. 300 00:18:07,840 --> 00:18:09,040 Speaker 1: Days for another time. 301 00:18:10,440 --> 00:18:13,399 Speaker 2: Another serious gang in the Rio area is Friends of 302 00:18:13,520 --> 00:18:19,199 Speaker 2: Friends or Amigos dos Amigos ADA. These guys formed in 303 00:18:19,280 --> 00:18:23,880 Speaker 2: nineteen ninety eight, coming together as defectors of CV. They 304 00:18:23,880 --> 00:18:27,760 Speaker 2: split off and formed their own gang. ADA has carved 305 00:18:27,760 --> 00:18:30,280 Speaker 2: out its own territory in parts of the North and 306 00:18:30,400 --> 00:18:34,200 Speaker 2: West zones of Rio, including Rockina, one of Rio's most 307 00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:40,119 Speaker 2: famous favelas. Ada is enemies with both CV and TCP. 308 00:18:40,840 --> 00:18:43,720 Speaker 2: The three gangs are all sporadically at war with each other. 309 00:18:45,200 --> 00:18:50,720 Speaker 2: Complicating this situation even further are the criminal militias. They're 310 00:18:50,760 --> 00:18:54,200 Speaker 2: different to the gangs in that they're paramilitary groups made 311 00:18:54,280 --> 00:19:00,520 Speaker 2: up of ex police soldiers and even firefighters. Talk about 312 00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:18,200 Speaker 2: them a lot more later on. The CV gang member 313 00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:21,280 Speaker 2: with the two worlded together magazines, quickly brings us up 314 00:19:21,280 --> 00:19:23,440 Speaker 2: a hill out the way of where the gunshots were 315 00:19:23,480 --> 00:19:26,040 Speaker 2: ringing out. He tells us he goes by the name 316 00:19:26,320 --> 00:19:26,520 Speaker 2: f T. 317 00:19:27,080 --> 00:19:27,480 Speaker 1: Simple. 318 00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:30,960 Speaker 2: We passed through a small neighborhood where four young girls 319 00:19:30,960 --> 00:19:33,359 Speaker 2: are hanging out, sat on a step as if nothing 320 00:19:33,359 --> 00:19:36,960 Speaker 2: has happened. They're all dressed in different pink outfits and 321 00:19:37,040 --> 00:19:40,200 Speaker 2: probably range in age from seven to about ten. They're 322 00:19:40,200 --> 00:19:43,520 Speaker 2: incredibly cute. As we moved past them, they seem totally 323 00:19:43,560 --> 00:19:46,840 Speaker 2: oblivious to F. T, who is casually walking by, holding 324 00:19:46,880 --> 00:19:49,760 Speaker 2: his rifle and wearing a dark balaklava. 325 00:19:49,960 --> 00:19:50,720 Speaker 1: It's midday. 326 00:19:51,760 --> 00:19:53,880 Speaker 2: The wave at the young girls and they wave back 327 00:19:53,920 --> 00:20:01,760 Speaker 2: and begin to giggle. He They remind me of some 328 00:20:01,840 --> 00:20:06,879 Speaker 2: of my own family back home. They're all smiles. The 329 00:20:06,920 --> 00:20:09,600 Speaker 2: sadness of this, of course, is that they're completely used 330 00:20:09,640 --> 00:20:13,280 Speaker 2: to gun battles and gang members. There's no way they 331 00:20:13,280 --> 00:20:15,840 Speaker 2: didn't hear the commotion down the road. But for them, 332 00:20:16,040 --> 00:20:19,480 Speaker 2: I guess it's just another day. As with the rest 333 00:20:19,520 --> 00:20:21,960 Speaker 2: of the poverty and the favella, the children here are 334 00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:28,280 Speaker 2: hit hard due to decades that inequality, neglect from the government, 335 00:20:28,480 --> 00:20:33,080 Speaker 2: and constant violence. The situation has become an ongoing crisis. 336 00:20:34,160 --> 00:20:38,480 Speaker 2: Amongst the children here, there's malnutrition, poor sanitation, and limited 337 00:20:38,520 --> 00:20:43,040 Speaker 2: access to health care and education. Schooling in the favelas 338 00:20:43,160 --> 00:20:46,600 Speaker 2: is very sporadic, to say the least. They have barely 339 00:20:46,680 --> 00:20:51,320 Speaker 2: any money and very high dropout rates. Some kids are 340 00:20:51,320 --> 00:20:56,879 Speaker 2: pulled into gang activity simply to survive. Gangs offer money, food, 341 00:20:57,000 --> 00:21:00,320 Speaker 2: and a sense of belonging. Others are sadly victim teams 342 00:21:00,359 --> 00:21:03,520 Speaker 2: of violent police raids or crossfire when gang battles break 343 00:21:03,560 --> 00:21:04,160 Speaker 2: out like. 344 00:21:04,200 --> 00:21:04,760 Speaker 4: We just saw. 345 00:21:06,240 --> 00:21:10,520 Speaker 2: Much more basic services like clean water, rubbish collection, and 346 00:21:10,640 --> 00:21:16,880 Speaker 2: even electricity are often inconsistent. This instability has severe impact 347 00:21:16,960 --> 00:21:20,879 Speaker 2: on mental health and development. Those most ill equipped to 348 00:21:20,880 --> 00:21:30,879 Speaker 2: deal with such hardships are, of course, the children wow 349 00:21:32,800 --> 00:21:36,240 Speaker 2: CV two FT leads us to a high point where 350 00:21:36,240 --> 00:21:39,880 Speaker 2: there's an open square, two concrete benches, and a concrete 351 00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:43,639 Speaker 2: table that has a chessboard crudely built into it. This 352 00:21:43,840 --> 00:21:47,320 Speaker 2: area offers an incredible view of the sprawling favelas all 353 00:21:47,359 --> 00:21:50,439 Speaker 2: around us. As far as the eye can see, there 354 00:21:50,520 --> 00:21:53,560 Speaker 2: are makeshift buildings that are meant to last forever. The 355 00:21:53,640 --> 00:21:57,040 Speaker 2: shanty towns cover every hill and valley for miles and 356 00:21:57,119 --> 00:22:01,639 Speaker 2: miles around. It hits me, this is what the gangs 357 00:22:01,680 --> 00:22:06,399 Speaker 2: are fighting for, control of a never ending concrete fortress. 358 00:22:07,200 --> 00:22:10,520 Speaker 2: FT watches over it like a proud homeowner. Whilst it 359 00:22:10,600 --> 00:22:13,480 Speaker 2: might seem ridiculous to some if you go up here 360 00:22:13,520 --> 00:22:16,680 Speaker 2: and you're in a gang, controlling your turf is everything. 361 00:22:17,640 --> 00:22:20,320 Speaker 2: Dozens and dozens of these young gang members are killed 362 00:22:20,440 --> 00:22:24,080 Speaker 2: every month trying to maintain their monopoly. To do so, 363 00:22:24,119 --> 00:22:26,960 Speaker 2: it gives you the spoiled fruits the domination of the 364 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:31,600 Speaker 2: favella has to offer, like some kind of favella. Real 365 00:22:31,720 --> 00:22:37,959 Speaker 2: estate agent FT proudly describes the demographic of the area. 366 00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:40,280 Speaker 4: Here is the same gangs over there. Here we are 367 00:22:40,320 --> 00:22:43,720 Speaker 4: CV over there is the same faction, but another favella. 368 00:22:44,160 --> 00:22:47,320 Speaker 4: Over there, they have a different boast to us. It's divided. 369 00:22:47,680 --> 00:22:51,000 Speaker 4: Here is for the tales, where we are over there 370 00:22:51,119 --> 00:22:54,560 Speaker 4: is moro dos prazers. I'm down. There is the border 371 00:22:55,960 --> 00:23:00,320 Speaker 4: once to he divides the two favelas. Yes, this is 372 00:23:00,359 --> 00:23:00,840 Speaker 4: for it. 373 00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:03,240 Speaker 2: What's it like living here and growing up all in 374 00:23:03,280 --> 00:23:05,120 Speaker 2: this favella? Do you ever get to leave? Or you're 375 00:23:05,200 --> 00:23:06,240 Speaker 2: just here all the time? 376 00:23:06,960 --> 00:23:09,359 Speaker 4: Man? I stay in the fabella a lot. I moved 377 00:23:09,359 --> 00:23:11,960 Speaker 4: here very young. Those of us raised here have few 378 00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:15,800 Speaker 4: opportunities in life. That's why I started doing all this. 379 00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:19,160 Speaker 4: It's normal for us seeing all this since a young 380 00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:22,440 Speaker 4: age in the foravela. Even if I'm not on lookout 381 00:23:22,560 --> 00:23:26,439 Speaker 4: or not working, I'm always with my friends twenty four 382 00:23:26,560 --> 00:23:30,359 Speaker 4: seven on hours foot. We're always waiting for the unexpected 383 00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:36,160 Speaker 4: to happen. We're always ready, always waiting for it. That's 384 00:23:36,200 --> 00:23:37,200 Speaker 4: our life day today. 385 00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:39,240 Speaker 2: If you didn't have to be here doing this, what 386 00:23:39,280 --> 00:23:40,159 Speaker 2: would you prefer to do? 387 00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:44,800 Speaker 4: Oh, I'd be a musician. A musician I tried in 388 00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:48,119 Speaker 4: a different moment in my life. I dedicated myself to it. 389 00:23:48,600 --> 00:23:51,359 Speaker 4: I have crime for a while to apply myself. I 390 00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:55,199 Speaker 4: didn't get far. Maybe I was impatient enough. In the end, 391 00:23:55,720 --> 00:23:58,119 Speaker 4: I came back ended up here. 392 00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:03,240 Speaker 2: As Ft explains his lost dreams of becoming a musician, 393 00:24:03,720 --> 00:24:06,800 Speaker 2: I can see a deep sadness in his eyes, albeit 394 00:24:06,880 --> 00:24:10,000 Speaker 2: through the slit of his balaklava. He is in his 395 00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:12,600 Speaker 2: twenties and has been a member of CV for a 396 00:24:12,640 --> 00:24:17,520 Speaker 2: long time. Unfortunately, FT is no doubt a killer, and 397 00:24:17,560 --> 00:24:21,159 Speaker 2: I'm not excusing random acts of gang violence. But for 398 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:24,000 Speaker 2: a moment you can almost see an innocent side of FT, 399 00:24:24,680 --> 00:24:27,320 Speaker 2: deep down in his soul when he talks about his 400 00:24:27,400 --> 00:24:32,080 Speaker 2: forgotten ambitions. Just like anyone else, he once had dreams 401 00:24:32,119 --> 00:24:34,720 Speaker 2: and desires far bigger than the life he's living now. 402 00:24:36,119 --> 00:24:37,840 Speaker 2: And to make it out of the favella as a 403 00:24:37,880 --> 00:24:40,760 Speaker 2: famous musician is in no way a pipe dream in 404 00:24:40,760 --> 00:24:44,800 Speaker 2: Brazil either, many have done so. Brazil has produced a 405 00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:47,880 Speaker 2: wave of talented rappers who came up amongst the brutality 406 00:24:48,240 --> 00:24:52,000 Speaker 2: of the favelas. One of the most famous is Sabotage, 407 00:24:52,240 --> 00:24:54,679 Speaker 2: a sau Paolo born rapper who grew up in the 408 00:24:54,720 --> 00:24:58,800 Speaker 2: harsh gang communities of Zona Saul. His songs talk about 409 00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:03,439 Speaker 2: favella life and soul inequality. Sadly, he was murdered in 410 00:25:03,480 --> 00:25:07,520 Speaker 2: two thousand and three. Another major name is Emesida, who 411 00:25:07,560 --> 00:25:10,240 Speaker 2: also grew up on the fringes of suth Paolo. He's 412 00:25:10,280 --> 00:25:14,320 Speaker 2: built is on record label and gained international recognition performing 413 00:25:14,359 --> 00:25:18,840 Speaker 2: in Europe and the US. His music tackles racism, poverty, 414 00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:24,280 Speaker 2: and Brazil's huge class divide. There are many other examples. 415 00:25:24,680 --> 00:25:27,800 Speaker 2: It's definitely possible to get out of the favella using 416 00:25:27,880 --> 00:25:32,280 Speaker 2: music as the vessel. It is, though incredibly unlikely and 417 00:25:32,520 --> 00:25:33,040 Speaker 2: very hard. 418 00:25:34,320 --> 00:25:35,600 Speaker 1: For Ft, though he. 419 00:25:35,560 --> 00:25:38,480 Speaker 2: Didn't quite make it, He's now stock as a drug 420 00:25:38,520 --> 00:25:42,520 Speaker 2: dealer in the trenches of Pallape Fogetero. There's no doubt 421 00:25:42,560 --> 00:25:48,480 Speaker 2: a lot of lost talent in Brazil's favelas. Eventually we 422 00:25:48,520 --> 00:25:51,320 Speaker 2: say our goodbye is to Ft and wander off through 423 00:25:51,359 --> 00:25:54,520 Speaker 2: the favela. One thing that strikes me is the huge 424 00:25:54,640 --> 00:25:58,600 Speaker 2: number of children running around, playing and having fun. The 425 00:25:58,680 --> 00:26:02,880 Speaker 2: contrast is impossible not to notice. For every CV gang 426 00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:05,240 Speaker 2: member posted up with a rifle, there seems to be 427 00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:07,480 Speaker 2: a dozen or so children running past him on the 428 00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:10,880 Speaker 2: way to play out with their friends. There's something beautiful 429 00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:13,280 Speaker 2: about the innocence of the children growing up amidst the 430 00:26:13,359 --> 00:26:18,080 Speaker 2: chaos or Phalape Fogetero. No doubt more than a few 431 00:26:18,119 --> 00:26:20,520 Speaker 2: times they've been kept up at night to the sound 432 00:26:20,520 --> 00:26:24,560 Speaker 2: of gunfire. Flashes here can last for hours, with back 433 00:26:24,600 --> 00:26:28,719 Speaker 2: and forth shootings between CV and police or rival gangs. 434 00:26:29,760 --> 00:26:32,679 Speaker 2: But it's not that it might be military helicopters overhead 435 00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:36,679 Speaker 2: gathering intel for an upcoming raid. There's even been explosive 436 00:26:36,840 --> 00:26:40,280 Speaker 2: used in favela battles. This is in no way a 437 00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:44,480 Speaker 2: safe environment for a child, but it's their reality. The 438 00:26:44,520 --> 00:26:47,880 Speaker 2: government does almost nothing to provide for the families here. 439 00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:51,200 Speaker 2: Most of the safeguard in if any is done by 440 00:26:51,320 --> 00:26:55,960 Speaker 2: NGOs are allowed in by the gangs. It's a serious problem. 441 00:26:56,640 --> 00:26:59,600 Speaker 2: There is, however, another outlet for the children of Phalat 442 00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:03,120 Speaker 2: Foggatar hero One that was actually built by the gangs 443 00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:06,320 Speaker 2: and is run by a man whose own father was. 444 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:07,360 Speaker 1: Killed by them. 445 00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:11,439 Speaker 2: Next week we'll hear about Boa Saffra Team Jim, a 446 00:27:11,520 --> 00:27:20,199 Speaker 2: place worth its weight in gold. You've been listening to 447 00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:24,640 Speaker 2: the Await Days podcast. Next week it's Part two, Episode two. 448 00:27:25,520 --> 00:27:29,520 Speaker 2: To watch independent Away Days documentaries, subscribe to our channel 449 00:27:29,600 --> 00:27:35,080 Speaker 2: at YouTube dot com slash at Await Days TV. The 450 00:27:35,119 --> 00:27:38,360 Speaker 2: Await Days podcast is a production of H eleven Studio 451 00:27:38,800 --> 00:27:44,879 Speaker 2: for Cool Zone Media, reporting, producing, writing, editing and research 452 00:27:45,119 --> 00:27:51,199 Speaker 2: by me Jake Hanrahan, co producing by Sophie Lichtman. Music 453 00:27:51,280 --> 00:27:55,800 Speaker 2: by Sam Black and in this episode, Diamondstein sound mixed 454 00:27:55,840 --> 00:27:59,879 Speaker 2: by Splicing Block. Photography by Johnny Pickup and Louis Hollis. 455 00:28:00,359 --> 00:28:04,080 Speaker 2: Graphic design by Laura Adamson and Casey Highfield